RUT 1 1 sb2j writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 Now it happened that ଏହା ଥିଲା କିମ୍ବା ଏହିପରି ଘଟିଥିଲା।ଏକ ଐତିହାସିକ କାହାଣୀ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବାର ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଉପାୟ ଅଟେ। [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writingnewevent]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 1 m9nl grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים 1 in the days of the ruling of the judges **ବିଚାରପତିମାନେ ଇସ୍ରାଏଲରେ ଶାସନ କରୁଥିବା ସମୟରେ**[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 1 nm13 figs-explicit בָּאָ֑רֶץ 1 in the land ଏହା ଇସ୍ରାଏଲ ଦେଶକୁ ସୂଚାଏ।ବିକଳ୍ପିକ ଅନୁବାଦ: “ଇସ୍ରାଏଲ ଦେଶରେ”[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 1 mmb4 writing-participants אִ֜ישׁ 1 a certain man ଜଣେ ଲୋକ। ଗୋଟିଏ କାହାଣୀ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ଚରିତ୍ରକୁ ପରିଚିତ କରିବାର ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଉପାୟ ଅଟେ।[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writingparticipants]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 2 e53a אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 who were Ephrathites from Bethlehem of Judah **ଇଫ୍ରାଥୀୟ** ନାମ ବେଥଲିହିମର ଆଖପାଖ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ବାସ କରୁଥିବା ଇଫ୍ରାଥୀୟ ବଂଶର ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ସୂଚାଏ। ବିକଳ୍ପ ଅନୁବାଦ: “ଇଫ୍ରାଥୀୟ ବଂଶରୁ, ବେଥଲିହିମ-ଯିହୁଦାରୁ।”
RUT 1 3 rxb1 הִ֖יא וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיהָ׃ 1 she was left, her and her two sons **ନୟମୀଙ୍କଠାରେ ତାହାର କେବଳ ଦୁଇ ପୁତ୍ର ଅବଶିଷ୍ଟ ରହିଲେ**
RUT 1 4 pk7g figs-idiom וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ 1 they took wives for themselves ବିବାହିତ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀମାନେ। ସ୍ତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ବିବାହ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଏହା ଏକ ରୂଢ଼ି ଅଟେ।ସେମାନେ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବିବାହିତ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ନେଇ ନଥିଲେ।[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 4 k7y9 מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת 1 from the women of Moab ନୟମୀର ପୁତ୍ରମାନେ ମୋୟାବ ବଂଶର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ବିବାହ କଲେ । ମୋୟାବ ଲୋକେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଦେବତାମାନଙ୍କୁ ପୂଜା କରୁଥିଲେ।
RUT 1 4 aee6 שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙…וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖י 1 the name of the first woman was … and the name of the second woman was ଜଣକର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ନାମ ଥିଲା…., ଅନ୍ୟ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଜଣର ନାମ ଥିଲା
RUT 1 4 rt4c כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים 1 for about ten years ଏଲିମେଲକ ଏବଂ ନୟମୀ ମୋୟାବ ଦେଶକୁ ଆସି ସେଠାରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଦଶ ବର୍ଷ ଯାଏ ବାସ କଲା ପରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଦୁଇ ପୁତ୍ର ମହଲୋନ ଓ କିଲୀୟୋନର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହେଲା ।
RUT 1 5 dbr3 וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖יהָ וּמֵאִישָֽׁהּ 1 the woman was left without her two children or her husband ଦୁଇ ପୁତ୍ର ଜଣଙ୍କର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୁଅନ୍ତେ, ସେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ, ନୟମୀ ସ୍ୱାମୀବିହୀନା ହୋଇ ରହିଲେ।
RUT 1 9 pm6y יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָכֶ֔ם וּמְצֶ֣אןָ 1 May Yahweh grant to you that you shall find **ସଦାପ୍ରଭୁ ତୁମ୍ଭକୁ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ** କିମ୍ବା **ସଦାପ୍ରଭୁ ତୁମ୍ଭକୁ ପାଇନକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ।**
RUT 1 13 gmc2 figs-rquestion אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ 1 would you therefore wait until the time when they are grown? Would you for this reason keep yourselves from belonging a husband? ନୟମୀ ପୂର୍ବ ପଦରେ ପଚାରିଥିବା ଆଳଙ୍କାରିକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକୁ ଏହି ପଦରେ ସମାପ୍ତ କରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଆଳଙ୍କାରିକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କରନ୍ତି ଯାହା ପୂର୍ବ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଅର୍ଥକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ।ବିକଳ୍ପ ଅନୁବାଦ: "… ସେମାନେ ବୟସ୍କ ହେବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ତୁମେମାନେ ବିବାହ କରିବାକୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବ ନାହିଁ । ଏଥି ପୂର୍ବରୁ ତୁମେମାନଙ୍କୁ ବିବାହ କରିବାକୁ ପଡିବ।" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])(ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 1 13 ab04 אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ 1 would you therefore wait until the time when they are grown? Would you for this reason keep yourselves from belonging a husband? ଏହା ଲିଭରେଟ୍ ବିବାହ ଅଭ୍ୟାସକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରେ, ଯେଉଁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସରେ ଯଦି ଜଣେ ବିବାହିତ ପୁରୁଷ ମରିଯାଏ, ତେବେ ତାଙ୍କର ଜଣେ ଭାଇ ସେହି ପୁରୁଷର ବିଧବାଙ୍କୁ ବିବାହ କରନ୍ତି। ଏବିଷୟରେ ଅଧିକ ଜାଣିବା ପାଇଁ ପରିଚୟ ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ ।
RUT 1 13 gh99 figs-metaphor מַר־לִ֤י מְאֹד֙ 1 it is exceedingly bitter for me ତିକ୍ତତା ଦୁଃଖର ଏକ ଉପମା ବା ରୂପକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଅଟେ।ବିକଳ୍ପିକ ଅନୁବାଦ: “ଏହା ମୋତେ ଅତ୍ଯନ୍ତ ଦୁଃଖିତ କରେ” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])(ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 1 13 z9u3 figs-metonymy יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖י יַד־יְהוָֽה 1 the hand of Yahweh has gone out against me **ହସ୍ତ** ଶବ୍ଦ ସଦାପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ଶକ୍ତି ବା ପ୍ରଭାବକୁ ସୂଚାଏ।ବିକଳ୍ପ ଅନୁବାଦ: "ସଦାପ୍ରଭୁ ମୋ ପାଇଁ ଭୟଙ୍କର ବିଷୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଘଟେଇଛନ୍ତି" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])(ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 1 13 ab02 figs-explicit יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖י יַד־יְהוָֽה 1 the hand of Yahweh has gone out against me ସଦାପ୍ରଭୁ ଯାହା କରିଛନ୍ତି ତାହା ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ।ବିକଳ୍ପି ଅନୁବାଦ: “ସଦାପ୍ରଭୁ ଆମ ସ୍ୱାମୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ନେଇଯାଇଛନ୍ତି” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])(ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 1 14 n47v figs-idiom וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔ן וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה 1 Then they lifted up their voices and cried ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ସେମାନେ ସ୍ୱର ଉତ୍ତୋଳନ କରି କାନ୍ଦିଲେ କିମ୍ବା ଅତି ବେଶି କାନ୍ଦିଲେ। [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])(ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 1 17 abc2 כִּ֣י הַמָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ 1 if death separates between me and between you କେବଳ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଛଡ଼ା ଆଉ କିଛି ହିଁ ଯେବେ ତୁମ୍ଭକୁ ଓ ମୋତେ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ କରଇ, ତେବେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ତୁମ୍ଭେ ଏବଂ ମୁଁ ଦୁହେଁ ଜୀବିତ ଥିବାବେଳେ ହିଁ ଯଦି ମୁଁ ତୁମ୍ଭକୁ ଛାଡିଦିଏ।
RUT 1 17 ab05 figs-idiom יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ 1 separates between me and between you ଏହି ରୂଢ଼ି ଦୁଇ ଜଣଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଦୂରତାକୁ ବୁଝାଏ । ଏକାନ୍ତର ଅନୁବାଦ: “ଆମ ଦୁହିଁଙ୍କୁ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ କରେ” କିମ୍ବା “ଆମ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆସେ ।” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 18 rsq2 וַתֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיהָ 1 she refrained from speaking to her **ନୟମୀ ରୂତଙ୍କ ସହ ଯୁକ୍ତିତର୍କ କରିବା ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେଲେ**
RUT 1 19 j9wa writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 So the two of them traveled until they came to Bethlehem କାହାଣୀରେ ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଟି ଏକ ନୂତନ ଦିଗକୁ ଦେଇଥାଏ । [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 1 19 jdr1 grammar-connect-time-background כְּבֹאָ֨נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם 1 when they came to Bethlehem ଏହା ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶର ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି, ନୟମୀ ରୂତଙ୍କ ସହ ବେଥଲିହିମକୁ ଫେରିବା ପରେ ଏହି ନୂତନ ଘଟଣା ଘଟିଛି ବୋଲି ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟାରେ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୁଏ । [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 2 10 ab12 figs-doublet וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָה 1 Then she fell on her face and bowed down to the ground ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଗୋଟିଏ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟର ଦୁଇଟି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା । ଯଦି ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଭାଷାରେ ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଟେ, UST ପରି କେବଳ ଗୋଟିଏ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତୁ । [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 2 10 ab13 figs-idiom וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ 1 Then she fell on her face ଏହା ଏକ ରୂଢ଼ି ଅଟେ ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ସେ ମୁହଁକୁ ନୁଆଁଇ ପ୍ରଣାମ କଲେ । [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 2 10 ug7p מַדּוּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ לְהַכִּירֵ֔נִי וְאָּנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 Why have I found favor in your eyes that you should take notice of me, since I am a foreigner? ରୂତ ଏକ ପ୍ରକୃତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରୁଛନ୍ତି ।
RUT 2 13 zc5n וְאָנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּאַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽיךָ 1 But as for me, I am not even like one of your female servants ରୂତ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଏବଂ କୃତଜ୍ଞ ଅଟନ୍ତି କାରଣ ବୋୟଜ ତାଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କର ଜଣେ କର୍ମଚାରୀ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଛନ୍ତି କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ସେ ନଥିଲେ।
RUT 2 14 yht2 לְעֵ֣ת הָאֹ֗כֶל 1 At the time of the meal ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରେ ।
RUT 2 18 etn8 figs-explicit וַתִּשָּׂא֙ וַתָּב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר 1 She lifted it up and went into the city ଏହା ସୂଚିତ ହୋଇଛି ଯେ ରୂତ ଶସ୍ୟକୁ ଗୃହକୁ ନେଇ ଯାଇଥିଲେ।[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 2 20 wjr4 figs-nominaladj וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים 1 and to the dead ନୟମୀଙ୍କ ସ୍ୱାମୀ ଏବଂ ପୁତ୍ରମାନେ **ମୃତ।** ମୃତମାନଙ୍କର ନାମ ବିଶେଷଣକୁ ହଟାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଏହାକୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭାବରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରା ଯାଇପାରେ । ବିକଳ୍ପ ଅନୁବାଦ: “ଯେଉଁମାନେ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ମରିଛନ୍ତି” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ)
RUT 2 20 cyy2 figs-parallelism קָר֥וֹב לָ֨נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא 1 That man is closely related to us. He is one of our kinsman-redeemers. ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ପ୍ରଥମରେ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରେ ଏବଂ ବିସ୍ତାର ହୁଏ । ଏହା ଏବ୍ରୀ ଶୈଳୀରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦେବା । [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ
RUT 2 21 k2lz גַּ֣ם ׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗י 1 In addition, he said to me **ସେ ମୋତେ ମଧ୍ୟ କହିଥିଲେ।** ଏହା ସୂଚିତ କରେ ଯେ ସେମାନେ ରୂତଙ୍କୁ ଜଣେ ଜମି ମାଲିକ ଯାହା କହିବାକୁ ଆଶା କରିଥିଲେ ସେ ସେଥିରୁ ଅଧିକ କଲେ ।
RUT 2 21 g585 עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔ין 1 You should keep close by the servants who belong to me ବୋୟଜ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିଥିଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ କର୍ମଚାରୀମାନେ ରୂତଙ୍କର କିଛି କ୍ଷତି କରିବେ ନାହିଁ।
RUT 3 4 nn4g וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד 1 Then he, himself, will tell **When he wakes up, he will tell**
RUT 3 6 ab22 figs-events וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֖תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃ 1 and did according to everything that her mother-in-law had instructed her. This statement summarizes the actions that Ruth will do in verse 7. If people understand from this that Ruth did these actions in verse 6 and then did them again in verse 7, then you could translate this sentence as **and she obeyed her mother-in-law**. Or if it would make the order of events more clear, you could move this sentence to the end of verse 7, then combine the verse numbers as a verse bridge (6-7). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
RUT 3 7 fz7e figs-metonymy וַיִּיטַ֣ב לִבּ֔וֹ 1 and his heart was good Here **heart** stands for “emotions” or “disposition.” Boaz’s emotions or feelings were good. This does not imply that Boaz was drunk. Alternate translation: “and he felt good” or “and he was in a good mood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 3 7 y6gk וַתָּבֹ֣א בַלָּ֔ט 1 Then she came quietly **Then she sneaked in** or **Then she came in quietly so that no one would hear her**
RUT 3 7 eq2u וַתְּגַ֥ל מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו 1 and uncovered his feet **and removed the covering from his legs**
RUT 3 7 pb6l וַתִּשְׁכָּֽב 1 and lay down **and lay down there**
RUT 3 8 pz92 writing-newevent וַיְהִי֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֔יְלָה 1 Then it happened in the middle of the night This clause introduces a new event in the story, explaining when Boaz woke up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
RUT 3 8 xun6 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד 1 that … was startled It is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet or legs.
RUT 3 8 ab23 figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּ֣ה 1 And behold This word shows that what follows was very surprising to Boaz. Use your language’s way of expressing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
RUT 3 8 e7ui אִשָּׁ֔ה שֹׁכֶ֖בֶת מַרְגְּלֹתָֽיו 1 a woman was lying at his feet The woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness.
RUT 3 9 wj9e אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ -1 your female servant Ruth was not one of Boaz’s servants, but she referred to herself as Boaz’s servant as a polite way to express respect to Boaz. Use your language’s way of expressing humility and respect.
RUT 3 9 xp1b figs-idiom וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֨ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ 1 And you can spread the edge of your cloak over your female servant This was a cultural idiom for marriage. Alternate translation: “Please marry me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 9 l5g4 גֹאֵ֖ל 1 a kinsman-redeemer See how you translated this term in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f).
RUT 3 10 bjw9 הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן מִן־הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 You have made your covenant faithfulness better at the end than at the beginning **You are demonstrating even more loving kindness now than before**
RUT 3 10 e7ka הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן 1 You have made your covenant faithfulness better at the end This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. Boaz sees this as Ruth showing unselfish kindness and family loyalty to Naomi. By marrying Naomi’s relative, Ruth would also provide for Naomi, honor Naomi’s son, and continue Naomi’s family line.
RUT 3 10 cbd3 הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 at the beginning This refers to the way that Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them.
RUT 3 10 n84d figs-idiom לְבִלְתִּי־לֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵי֙ 1 by not going after **because you have not looked for marriage among**. Ruth could have ignored Naomi’s need and looked for a young and handsome husband for herself outside of Naomi’s relatives, but she did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 11 jdr6 grammar-connect-logic-result וְעַתָּ֗ה 1 Connecting Statement: This phrase indicates that what came before in verse 10 is the reason for what follows in verse 11. This can be indicated with a word like **Therefore**. If it is clearer in your language to put the reason after the result, the order would be: Boaz is motivated to perform the role of kinsman-redeemer (verse 11) **because** he has seen how much kindness Ruth has shown to Naomi (verse 10). If you choose this order, you will need to combine the verses and the verse numbers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]).
RUT 3 11 ei93 בִּתִּי֙ 1 my daughter Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect toward Ruth as a younger woman. Use the form of address that would be appropriate in your language.
RUT 3 11 ab08 figs-idiom כָּל־שַׁ֣עַר עַמִּ֔י 1 the whole gate of my people The gate was an area of the city where people gathered to do business, and the leaders met there to make decisions. So this was an idiom meaning “all of the important people in my city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 11 ab31 אֵ֥שֶׁת חַ֖יִל 1 a woman of worth **a woman of good character**, **a good woman**
RUT 3 12 jdr7 וְעַתָּה֙ 1 Connecting Statement: This phrase indicates that what follows is something else important that Ruth should pay attention to. Alternate translation: “You also need to know that” a contrast between Boaz’s willingness to marry Ruth and the possibility of another man marrying her instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
RUT 3 12 ab30 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְגַ֛ם יֵ֥שׁ 1 but there is This phrase indicates a contrast between Boaz’s willingness to marry Ruth (verse 11) and the possibility of another man marrying her instead (verse 12). Alternate translation: “Even so, there is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]).
RUT 3 12 fvq5 גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽנִּי 1 a kinsman-redeemer … nearer than I It was the duty of the male relative who was closest in family relationship to the man who died to help his widow. See how you translated **kinsman-redeemer** in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f) and make sure that it also makes sense here.
RUT 3 13 gcl8 figs-explicit אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥ךְ 1 if he will redeem you **redeem** here means “marry according to our custom concerning widows.” Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth’s dead husband would marry her and raise a son to carry on the dead man’s family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 3 13 tkz9 חַי־יְהוָ֑ה 1 as Yahweh lives **as surely as Yahweh lives** or **by the life of Yahweh**. This was a common Hebrew vow that obligated the speaker to perform what he said. Use the normal phrasing for a vow in your language.
RUT 3 14 vn8p וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו֙ 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’s feet. They did not have sex.
RUT 3 14 dwx1 figs-idiom בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 before a man could recognize his friend This is an idiom that referred to a condition of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 15 hj1e הַמִּטְפַּ֧חַת 1 the cloak a thick piece of cloth worn over the shoulders for warmth
RUT 3 15 f5zg שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ 1 six measures of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Most scholars think it was around 25 to 30 kilograms.
RUT 3 15 gdn8 וַיָּ֣שֶׁת עָלֶ֔יהָ 1 put it on her The amount of grain was heavy, so Boaz put it on Ruth’s back so she could carry it.
RUT 3 15 aj7u וַיָּבֹ֖א הָעִֽיר 1 Then he went into the city Most ancient copies have **he went**, referring to Boaz, but some have **she went**, referring to Ruth. Some English versions have “he” and some have “she” here. Most scholars believe that **he went** is the original meaning.
RUT 3 16 s7dr figs-idiom מִי־אַ֣תְּ בִּתִּ֑י 1 Who are you, my daughter? This appears to be an idiom that probably means **What is your status, my daughter?** In other words, Naomi is probably asking if Ruth is now a married woman. Alternatively, the question could mean simply **Is that you, my daughter?** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 16 ab34 בִּתִּ֑י 1 my daughter Ruth is actually Naomi’s daughter-in-law, but Naomi calls her **my daughter** as an endearment. Keep this translation if it is acceptable in your culture. Otherwise, use “daughter-in law.”
RUT 3 16 w9p9 אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־לָ֖הּ הָאִֽישׁ 1 all that the man had done for her **all that Boaz had done for her**
RUT 3 17 abca שֵׁשׁ־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֥ים 1 six measures of barley See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15/f5zg).
RUT 3 17 e9xx figs-idiom אַל־תָּב֥וֹאִי רֵיקָ֖ם 1 You must not go empty To **go empty-handed** is an idiom that means to go to someone with nothing to offer that person. Alternate translation: **Do not go empty-handed** or **Do not go with nothing** or **You must take something** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 18 ab36 figs-idiom שְׁבִ֣י בִתִּ֔י 1 sit, my daughter **Sit** is an idiom that means that Ruth should calmly wait. Alternate translation: “Wait here” or “Be patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 18 ab35 בִתִּ֔י 1 my daughter See how you translated this in 1:11-13; 2:2, 8, 22; 3:1, 10, 11, 16.
RUT 3 18 ab37 figs-idiom אֵ֖יךְ יִפֹּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר 1 how the matter falls This is an idiom that means “how the situation will turn out” or “what will happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 18 zi02 figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א יִשְׁקֹט֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ כִּֽי־אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר 1 the man will not rest unless he has finished this matter This can be stated positively: **the man will certainly settle this matter** or **the man will surely resolve this issue**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 3 18 u5rn אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר 1 he has finished this matter **This matter** refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi’s property and marry Ruth.
RUT 4 1 m4by הַשַּׁעַר֮ 1 to the gate **to the gate of the city** or **to the gate of Bethlehem**. This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. Inside the gate was an open area that was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters.
RUT 4 1 jdr9 figs-distinguish וְהִנֵּ֨ה 1 And behold, The word **behold** alerts us to the important event of Boaz seeing the exact person whom he wanted to see walking by. Your language may also have a specific way of alerting someone to pay careful attention to what happens next in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
RUT 4 1 kz1g הַגֹּאֵ֤ל 1 the kinsman-redeemer This was the closest living male relative to Elimelek. See how you translated **kinsman-redeemer** in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f).
RUT 4 1 ab38 figs-idiom פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י 1 a certain someone Boaz did not actually say these words; instead, he called the kinsman-redeemer by his name. This is an idiom that means that this is a specific person but the name is not given. The narrator has substituted this general term for the person’s name either because the specific name is not important for the story or the man’s name had been forgotten. If your language has an idiom to refer to a specific person without using his name, use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 1 ab39 figs-quotations פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י 1 a certain someone In many languages, this is an awkward and unnatural way for someone to address another person. A way to make this more natural could be to turn this into an indirect quotation as in the UST. A combination of indirect and direct quotation is also possible: “Boaz called him by name, and said, ‘Turn aside and sit down here.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]).
RUT 4 2 ab40 וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים 1 Then he took ten men **Then he chose ten men**
RUT 4 2 bf74 מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר 1 from the elders of the city **from the leaders of the city**
RUT 4 3 es9g חֶלְקַת֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה…מָכְרָ֣ה נָעֳמִ֔י 1 Naomi … is selling the portion of the field It was the responsibility of the nearest kinsman to Elimelek to buy back the land that had belonged to Elimelek and to care for Elimelek’s family.
RUT 4 4 ab41 figs-idiom אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְךָ֣ 1 I should uncover your ear This is an idiom that means “I should tell you” or “I should let you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 4 c6xi נֶ֥גֶד 1 in the presence of **in the presence of**. Having these men as witnesses would make the transaction legal and binding.
RUT 4 4 lgq1 גְּאָ֔ל 1 redeem it **redeem** means to buy the land to keep it within the family.
RUT 4 4 ab42 grammar-connect-exceptions אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ לִגְא֔וֹל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ 1 there is no one to redeem it besides you, and I am after you In some languages, it may be confusing to say these things together: (1) there is no one to redeem the land, (2) only you can redeem the land, (3) then I can redeem the land. If that is so in your language, see the UST for a way that is more clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
RUT 4 4 u548 וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ 1 and I am after you Boaz was the next nearest kinsman to Elimelek, and so had the second right to redeem the land.
RUT 4 5 ut23 בְּיוֹם־קְנוֹתְךָ֥…וּ֠מֵאֵת…קָנִ֔יתָה 1 On the day that you buy … you also acquire Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. Alternate translation: “When you buy the land, you also get”
RUT 4 5 ymn8 figs-synecdoche מִיַּ֣ד נָעֳמִ֑י 1 from the hand of Naomi Here the word **hand** represents Naomi, who owns the field. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
RUT 4 5 dya3 figs-idiom וּ֠מֵאֵת ר֣וּת…קָנִ֔יתָה 1 you also acquire Ruth **you must also marry Ruth** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 4 5 b3ps אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּת֙ 1 the wife of the dead man **the widow of Elimelek’s son who died**
RUT 4 5 b3sy לְהָקִ֥ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֖ת עַל־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ 1 In order to raise up the name of the dead over his inheritance **that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on her dead husband’s family name**
RUT 4 5 ab43 figs-nominaladj הַמֵּ֖ת 1 the dead Ruth’s husband was **the dead**. This can be stated differently to avoid the nominal adjective **the dead**. Alternate translation: “the man who died” or “her husband who died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
RUT 4 6 sx9k אַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑י 1 damaging my own inheritance The man would need to give some of his wealth in exchange for the property. Then if he were to marry Ruth, that property would belong to her son, not to his own children. In that way, he would be taking away from the wealth that his own children would inherit from him and giving it instead to the children that Ruth might bear. Alternate translation: “taking away from my own children’s inheritance.”
RUT 4 6 sa7h גְּאַל־לְךָ֤ אַתָּה֙ אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִ֔י 1 You redeem for yourself my right of redemption **You yourself redeem it instead of me**
RUT 4 7 wga9 writing-background וְזֹאת֩ 1 Now … this is how **Now this was the custom**. The writer of the book stops telling the story in order to give some background information that explains the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. Use your language’s way of giving background information in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 4 7 lgf5 writing-background לְפָנִ֨ים 1 in earlier times **in earlier times** or **long ago**. This implies that this custom was no longer practiced when the book of Ruth was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 4 7 d46w לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 to his friend **to the other person**. This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his sandal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 8 ab44 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֛ל 1 So the kinsman-redeemer said The events of the story start again here after the background information of verse 7. Use your language’s way of starting to tell the events of the story again.
RUT 4 9 zz42 figs-hyperbole לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם 1 to the elders and to all the people This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
RUT 4 9 lwx9 figs-synecdoche מִיַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי 1 from the hand of Naomi The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. Since her husband and sons had died, the right to the property belonged to her. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
RUT 4 9 img5 כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֖וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן 1 everything that belonged to Elimelek and everything that belonged to Kilion and Mahlon This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi’s dead husband and sons.
RUT 4 10 jdr0 grammar-connect-words-phrases וְגַ֣ם 1 Connecting Statement: This connecting phrase indicates that the people sitting at the gate are witnesses to the fact that Boaz is buying back Elimelek’s family land for Naomi (4:9) and also to the fact that Boaz is claiming Ruth to be his wife (4:10). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
RUT 4 10 nm32 לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ 1 to raise up the name of the dead man over his inheritance See how you translated this phrase in 4:5. Alternate translation: “so that I might give her a son who will inherit the dead man’s property”
RUT 4 10 gg1m figs-metaphor וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו 1 so that the name of the dead man will not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his place Being forgotten is spoken of as if one’s name were being cut off from a list of people who had lived earlier. Alternate translation: “so that he will not be forgotten by his brothers’ descendants and by the people of this town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 4 10 ab61 figs-doublenegatives וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת 1 so that the name of the dead man will not be cut off This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “so that his name will be preserved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 4 10 xpu5 figs-metonymy וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ 1 and from the gate of his place The gate of the town is where the leaders gathered and made important legal decisions, such as decisions about who owns a piece of land. Alternate translation: “and among the important people of his town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 4 10 ab45 עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם 1 Today you are witnesses! **You have seen and heard these things today, and can speak of them tomorrow**
RUT 4 11 ua2a הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר 1 the people who were in the gate **the people who were meeting together near the gate**
RUT 4 11 hg6q figs-metonymy הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ 1 who is coming into your house This has both a literal and a figurative meaning. As Ruth marries Boaz, she will move into his house. “House” can be a metonym the represents “family,” so this also refers to becoming part of Boaz’s family by being his wife. Alternate translation: “who is becoming part of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 4 11 q47m כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ 1 like Rachel and Leah These were the two wives of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel.
RUT 4 11 cz4t בָּנ֤וּ…אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 built up the house of Israel **bore many children who became the nation of Israel**
RUT 4 11 abcb figs-parallelism וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם 1 Achieve honor in Ephrathah, and be renowned in Bethlehem! These two phrases are similar in meaning. The second phrase repeats somewhat and adds to the meaning of the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. Alternate translation: “May you do good things in Bethlehem and become well-known for them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]).
RUT 4 11 ab65 figs-imperative וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם 1 Achieve honor in Ephrathah, and be renowned in Bethlehem! These phrases are a form of blessing. Use the style of blessing that is appropriate in your language. Alternate translation: “May you do good things in Bethlehem and may you become well-known for them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]).
RUT 4 11 uk9q וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה 1 Achieve honor in Ephrathah The area around the town of Bethlehem was known as Ephrathah, and that became another name for the town. Presumably this name came from the Israelite clan that settled in and around the city of Bethlehem.
RUT 4 12 fn52 figs-metonymy וִיהִ֤י בֵֽיתְךָ֙ כְּבֵ֣ית פֶּ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה 1 May your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah **house** stands for “family” or “clan.” Perez had many descendants who became large clans in Israel, including the clan of Ephrathah. Also, many of his descendents became important people. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth’s children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 4 12 a433 יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה 1 Tamar bore to Judah Tamar, like Ruth, was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with Tamar, who continued the family name of her dead husband.
RUT 4 12 xym8 מִן־הַזֶּ֗רַע אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ 1 from the offspring that Yahweh gives you The people are asking for a blessing from Yahweh, that he would give Boaz many children through Ruth who would do good things, just as he did for Perez. Use the form of blessing that is appropriate in your language.
RUT 4 13 abcc figs-parallelism וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֙ וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה 1 So Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife These two phrases mean very much the same thing, as the second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew poetic style. The two phrases can be combined as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
RUT 4 13 u21g grammar-connect-logic-result וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֙ 1 So Boaz took Ruth This phrase indicates that Boaz did what he said he would do in verse 10. It does not imply any form of violence. Along with the following phrase, it simply means, **So Boaz married Ruth** or **So Boaz took Ruth as a wife**. Use a connecting word (like “so”) that indicates that this action by Boaz is a result of the agreement in verse 10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
RUT 4 13 gw77 figs-euphemism וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶ֑יהָ 1 he went in to her This is a euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse. Alternate translation: “He had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
RUT 4 14 ab46 figs-explicit הַנָּשִׁים֙ 1 the women These are the women of the town as mentioned in 1:19. This can be made clear if necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 4 14 ab47 בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה 1 Blessed be Yahweh The women are praising God for what he has done for Naomi and Ruth. If it does not make sense in your language to “bless” God, use a word like “praise” or “we give thanks.” See the UST.
RUT 4 14 qj8v figs-doublenegatives לֹ֣א הִשְׁבִּ֥ית לָ֛ךְ גֹּאֵ֖ל הַיּ֑וֹם 1 who has not left you today without a kinsman-redeemer This phrase can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “who has provided you today with a kinsman to redeem you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 4 14 p8p3 וְיִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ 1 May his name be renowned This is a blessing, stating that the women desire that Naomi’s grandson will have a good reputation and character. Use the form of blessing that is appropriate in your language.
RUT 4 15 hz3e לְמֵשִׁ֣יב נֶ֔פֶשׁ 1 a restorer of life This phrase refers to how Naomi will again experience joy and hope in her life as a result of having this grandson. Alternate translation: “one who brings joy to you again” or “one who will make you feel young/strong again”
RUT 4 15 z5lw וּלְכַלְכֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ 1 and a nourisher of your old age **and he will take care of you when you become old**
RUT 4 15 ab48 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 For **We know this because** Use a connecting word or phrase that indicates that what follows (the fact that Ruth has borne him) is the reason for the women’s confident prediction of his character. If it makes more sense to put the reason first, then follow the order in the UST.
RUT 4 15 rpc3 figs-idiom ט֣וֹבָה לָ֔ךְ מִשִּׁבְעָ֖ה בָּנִֽים 1 better to you than seven sons **seven** represented the idea of completeness or perfection. This is a way to praise Ruth for how she has provided for Naomi by bearing a grandson for her by Boaz, when Naomi’s sons could not provide for her because they had died. Alternate translation: “better to you than any son” or “worth more to you than many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 4 16 k1w4 וַתִּקַּ֨ח נָעֳמִ֤י אֶת־הַיֶּ֨לֶד֙ 1 Naomi took the child **Naomi picked up the child** This refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth in any hostile way.
RUT 4 16 ab49 וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאֹמֶֽנֶת׃ 1 and became his nurse **and took care of him**
RUT 4 17 ab50 וַתִּקְרֶאנָה֩ ל֨וֹ הַשְּׁכֵנ֥וֹת שֵׁם֙…וַתִּקְרֶ֤אנָֽה שְׁמוֹ֙ עוֹבֵ֔ד 1 So the neighbor women called out a name for him … And they called his name Obed. The first phrase introduces the naming event, and the second repeats it in order to report the event. If this is confusing, the two phrases can be combined. **So the neighbor women gave him the name Obed** or **The women of the neighborhood said … and they named him Obed**
RUT 4 17 fkf2 יֻלַּד־בֵּ֖ן לְנָעֳמִ֑י 1 A son has been born to Naomi **It is as though Naomi has a son again**. It was understood that the child was Naomi’s grandson, not her physical son, but he would carry on the family line of both Naomi and Ruth.
RUT 4 17 ab51 ה֥וּא אֲבִי־יִשַׁ֖י 1 He was the father of Jesse **Later, he became the father of Jesse** It may be necessary to make it clear that much time passed between the births of Obed, Jesse, and David.
RUT 4 17 f9ha figs-explicit אֲבִ֥י דָוִֽד 1 the father of David **father of King David**. Though **King** is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that this David was King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 4 18 mzm1 תּוֹלְד֣וֹת פָּ֔רֶץ 1 the generations of Perez **the successive descendants of our clan, starting with Perez**. Because it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. Verse 17 was the end of the story about Naomi and Ruth, and verse 18 begins a final section that lists the family line of the clan of Ephrathah, showing how important Obed was as the grandfather of King David. Use a connecting word that signals that this is a new section. You may also need to make it clear that this verse refers to a much earlier time than the time period of the story.
RUT 4 19 rl3k translate-names וְחֶצְרוֹן֙…עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃ 1 Hezron … Amminadab Use forms of these names that are natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
RUT 4 22 abcd figs-explicit דָּוִֽד 1 David **King David**. See the note about **David** on [4:17](../04/17/f9ha). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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