Fixed typo

Contributors

.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-.idea

00-tM_front&back/tM-1-Intro.md

@@ -1,25 +1,32 @@
 # About the Translation Manual
 
-The Translation Manual is an open sourced manual on Bible translation. It teaches the basics of translation theory and a process for doing Bible translation, it provides practical helps for dealing with various translation issues, and it provides instruction and processes for checking translations.
+The Translation Manual is an open licensed manual on Bible translation. It teaches the basics of translation theory and a process for doing Bible translation, it provides practical helps for dealing with various translation issues, and it provides instruction and processes for checking translations.
 
-The Translation Manual is intended to empower anyone, anywhere to equip themselves for createing high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. The manual is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
+The Translation Manual is intended to empower anyone, anywhere to equip themselves for creating high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. The manual is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
 
 The Translation Manual is written primarily for mother-tongue Bible translators who have had little or no prior training in translation. The English version of the manual is primarily for people who speak English as a second language. Because of this we have tried to keep the writing style easy to understand.
 
-### Contributors 
-  - Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics
+**You can learn more about the Translation Manual** in the Appendix to the Translation Manual, rc://en_tm/00-tM_front&back/tM-3-Appendix.md. It has the following sections:
+* Decisions Concerning the Translation Manual
+* How to use the Translation Manual
+* Contributors to the Translation Manual (Fuller list)
+
+## Viewing
+
+To read or print the complete Translation Manual, see "Wycliffe Associates Translation Manual" on the "Translations" page of [Bible in Every Language](https://bibleineverylanguage.org/translations/) (https://bibleineverylanguage.org/translations/).
+
+The Translation Manual is also integrated into BTT Writer and VMAST so that translators can have  immediate access to it while translating. BTT Writer and VMAST are available on the Tools page of [Bible in Every Language](https://bibleineverylanguage.org/tools/) (https://bibleineverylanguage.org/tools/).
+
+## Questions, comments, and suggestions
+We welcome questions, comments, and suggestions. You may send them to helpdesk@techadvancement.com or training_wa@wycliffeassociates.org.
+
+## Contributors to the Translation Manual
+  - Christine Jarka, MSEd in Instructional Design
   - Henry Whitney, BA in Education
-  - Tabitha Price, BA in Education
   - James N. Pohlig, M.Div., MA in Linguistics, D. Litt. in Biblical Languages
-  - Bev Staley
-  - Carol Brinneman
-  - Jody Garcia
-  - Kara Anderson
-  - Kim Puterbaugh
-  - Lizz Carlton
+  - Perry Oakes, PhD in Old Testament, MA in Linguistics
+  - Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics
+  - Tabitha Price, BA in Education
   - Door43 World Missions Community
-
-
-
-
-We welcome questions, comments, and suggestions
+  - Wycliffe Associates Staff
+  

00-tM_front&back/tM-Appendix.md

@@ -2,23 +2,16 @@
 
 ## Decisions concerning the Translation Manual
 
-The Translation Manual is written primarily for mother-tongue Bible translators who have had little or no prior training in translation. The English version of the manual is primarily for people who speak English as a second language. Because of this we have tried to keep the writing style easy to understand.  **(Not sure whether or not to include this. It seems we could say the same thing for all the helps.)**
+The Translation Manual is written primarily for mother-tongue Bible translators who have had little or no prior training in translation. The English version of the manual is primarily for people who speak English as a second language. Because of this we have tried to keep the writing style easy to understand.
 
 ## How to use the Translation Manual
 
-The translation 
+The Translation Manual is intended to empower anyone, anywhere to equip themselves for creating high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. The manual is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach, or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
+
+A systematic, in-advance approach might involve reading sequentially through the sections of the manual: the Introduction, Translation Theory and Practice, Translation Topics, and Checking. A just-in-time learning approach might involve reading particular Translation Topics when directed to them by particular Translation Notes.
+
+The Translation Topics section of the Translation Manual deals with grammar, figures of speech,  writing styles, translating unknown ideas, and issues specific to Bible translation. Some of the pages describe a topic, tell why it is a translation issue, explain some examples from the Bible, and present translation strategies with examples of how the strategies might be applied. When translating a particular passage, translators will need to decide if any of the strategies would be appropriate for them to use. The examples of how strategies might be applied are meant to help translators learn how to apply the strategies. Translators are not expected to use any particular strategy.
+
 
 ## Contributors to the Translation Manual
-  - Christine Jarka, MSEd in Instructional Design
-  - Henry Whitney, BA in Education
-  - James N. Pohlig, M.Div., MA in Linguistics, D. Litt. in Biblical Languages
-  - Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics
-  - Tabitha Price, BA
- 
-  - Bev Staley
-  - Carol Brinneman
-  - Jody Garcia
-  - Kara Anderson
-  - Kim Puterbaugh
-  - Lizz Carlton
-
+{{manifest}}

00-tT_front&back/tT-1-Intro.md

@@ -1,9 +1,29 @@
 # Introduction to the Translation Topics
 
-"Translation Topics" is a part of the the Wycliffe Associates Translation Manual. It deals with translation issues that arise because of grammar, discourse, figures of speech, and ideas that maybe unknown to speakers of the target language. It also deals with issues that are particularly relevant to Bible translation.
+"Translation Topics" is a part of the the Wycliffe Associates Translation Manual. It deals with translation issues that arise because of grammar, discourse, figures of speech, and ideas that maybe unknown to speakers of the target language. It also deals with issues that are particularly relevant to Bible translation. Many of the topics include examples from the Bible, strategies for dealing with the issues, and examples of how those strategies might be applied. 
 
-The complete Translation Manual is available at BibleInEveryLanguage.org. The topics that are included in this set of Translation Resources are ones that are addressed in either the Translation Notes or the Translation Words for this book of the Bible. 
+The topics that are included in this set of Translation Resources are ones that are addressed in either the Translation Notes or the Translation Words for this book of the Bible. 
 
-Many of the topics include examples from the Bible, strategies for dealing with the issues, and examples of how those strategies might be applied. 
+**You can learn more about the Translation Manual** in the Appendix to the Translation Manual, rc://en_tm/00-tM_front&back/tM-3-Appendix.md. It has the following sections:
+* Decisions Concerning the Translation Manual
+* How to use the Translation Manual
+* Contributors to the Translation Manual (Fuller list)
 
-To read or print the Wycliffe Associates Translation Manual, see the Translation Manual project on Bible in Every Language (https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_ta/).
+## Viewing
+
+To read or print the complete Translation Manual, see "Wycliffe Associates Translation Manual" on the "Translations" page of [Bible in Every Language](https://bibleineverylanguage.org/translations/) (https://bibleineverylanguage.org/translations/).
+
+The Translation Manual is also integrated into BTT Writer and VMAST so that translators can have  immediate access to it while translating. BTT Writer and VMAST are available on the Tools page of [Bible in Every Language](https://bibleineverylanguage.org/tools/)  (https://bibleineverylanguage.org/tools/).
+
+## Questions, comments, and suggestions
+We welcome questions, comments, and suggestions. You may send them to helpdesk@techadvancement.com or training_wa@wycliffeassociates.org.
+
+## Contributors to the Translation Topics 
+  - Christine Jarka, MSEd in Instructional Design
+  - Henry Whitney, BA in Education
+  - James N. Pohlig, M.Div., MA in Linguistics, D. Litt. in Biblical Languages
+  - Perry Oakes, PhD in Old Testament, MA in Linguistics
+  - Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics
+  - Tabitha Price, BA in Education
+  - Door43 World Missions Community
+  - Wycliffe Associates Staff

checking/level1/01.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ These are the steps that the translation team must follow in order to achieve Ch
 1. Once a portion has been drafted, the translator of that section will perform a self-edit, using the source text and other available tools to check the draft. For more information about how to do this see  [Self-Edit](../self-edit/01.md).
 2. When the translator has completed the self-edit, another translator on the team will perform a peer-edit, carefuly comparing the translated text to the source text and using any other available tools to confirm the accuracy and meaningfulness of the translation. He may also provide feedback and comments on spelling, naturalness and flow. The person conducting the peer-edit does not have authority to make changes; his role is to provide feedback and suggestions to the translator of the draft who then makes changes as he deems necessary. For more information on how to conduct a peer-edit, see [Peer-Edit](../peer-edit/01.md).
 3. The keywords of the passage are systematically checked against the list of key words in the available tool designed specifically to support this checking step. Alternatively, the translation team can create their own list of key words--abstract spiritual terms, historical and geographical terms and names--and carefully compare their drafted text to that list. This step is typically done by the translator and at least one other member of the translation team. For more information, see [Key Word Check](../key-word-check/01.md). 
-4. Each verse is carefully checked comparing the drafted text to the original source text, looking for any missing portions or added material. This check is typically done with the translator of the passage and at least one other member of the translation team--preferably a different member than assisted in the keyword check. 
+4. Each verse is carefully checked comparing the drafted text to the original source text, looking for any missing portions or added material. This check is typically done with the translator of the passage and at least one other member of the translation team--preferably a different member than assisted in the keyword check. For more information, see [Verse-by-verse Check](../verse-by-verse/01.md)
 
 When these steps have been completed, edits have been incorporated into the translated portion, and the translation team is collectively satisifed with the product, it is considered level one checked. At this point, if the translation team desires to do so, they are invited to upload the translation to the Wycliffe Associates content server where the work can be seen on [bibleineverylanguage.org](https://bibleineverylanguage.org) to reach a broader community. 
 

intro/gl-strategy/01.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 
 The Gateway Languages Strategy endeavors to equip all people groups with access to the Bible, biblical content, translation training, and translation resources in a language that bilingual people in those groups understand well. Those bilingual people can then translate the Bible and biblical content into a language they understand fully, that is, their own language. 
 
-A **Gateway Language** (GL) is a language of wider communication into which all our translation tools and resources will be made available. We call all the other languages of the word **Other Languages** (OL). Bilingual speakers use Gateway Language resources to help them translate the Bible into their own language.
+A **Gateway Language** (GL) is a language of wider communication into which all our translation tools and resources will be made available. Bilingual speakers use Gateway Language resources to help them translate the Bible into their own heart language.
 
-Many Gateway Languages are national languages, languages of education, or trade languages within a country. Just as countries vary in their number of national or recognized languages, many will have more than one Gateway Language. India, for example, has several Gateway Languages, while Mozambique has only one. In addition, some Gateway Languages are used in multiple countries or even on multiple continents. For example, Portuguese is a Gateway Language from which Other Language speakers in Brazil and in several counries in Africa can translate the Bible.
+Many Gateway Languages are national languages, languages of education, or trade languages within a country. Just as countries vary in their number of national or recognized languages, many will have more than one Gateway Language. India, for example, has several Gateway Languages, while Mozambique has only one. In addition, some Gateway Languages are used in multiple countries or even on multiple continents. For example, Portuguese is a Gateway Language from which bilingual speakers in Brazil and in several countries in Africa can translate the Bible into their heart language.
 
 The Gateway Languages Strategy prioritizes developing content and making it available in these diverse languages of the world. This provides tools to empower minority language communities to translate scripture themselves. 
 

intro/ta-intro/title.md

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-Translating with Wycliffe Associates Resources
+Translation Manual Sections
 

intro/toc.yaml

@@ -1,29 +1,28 @@
 title: "Translating with Wycliffe Associates Resources"
 sections:
-  - title: "Introduction"
-    link: wa
-
-  - title: "Translating with Wycliffe Associates Resources"
+  - title: "Translation Manual Sections"
     link: ta-intro
-
-    sections:
-      - title: "Why We Translate the Bible"
-        link: translate-why
-
-      - title: "Statement of Faith"
-        link: statement-of-faith
-
-      - title: "Translation Guidelines"
-        link: translation-guidelines
-
-      - title: "Open License"
-        link: open-license
     
-      - title: "Gateway Languages Strategy"
-        link: gl-strategy
+  - title: "Translating with Wycliffe Associates Resources"
+    link: wa    
+    
+  - title: "Why We Translate the Bible"
+    link: translate-why
 
-      - title: "WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources"
-        link: finding-answers
+  - title: "Statement of Faith"
+    link: statement-of-faith
+
+  - title: "Translation Guidelines"
+    link: translation-guidelines
+
+  - title: "Open License"
+    link: open-license
+    
+  - title: "Gateway Languages Strategy"
+    link: gl-strategy
+
+  - title: "WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources"
+    link: finding-answers
         
-      - title: "MAST Foundation and Philosophy"
-        link: mast-intro
+  - title: "MAST Foundation and Philosophy"
+    link: mast-intro

intro/wa/01.md

@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-This manual is intended to empower anyone, anywhere to equip themselves for creating high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
+This section introduces how Bible translation is done with Wycliffe Associates. It has the following modules:
+
+* [Why We Translate the Bible](../../intro/translate-why/01.md)
+* [Statement of Faith](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md)
+* [Translation Guidelines](../../intro/translation-guidelines/01.md)
+* [Open License](../../intro/open-license/01.md)
+* [Gateway Languages Strategy](../../intro/gl-strategy/01.md)
+* [WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources](../../intro/finding-answers/01.md)
+* [MAST Foundation and Philosophy](../../intro/mast-intro/01.md)

jit/guidelines-sonofgod/01.md

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 
-### God is one being, and he exists as the Holy Trinity, that is, as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
+God is one being, and he exists as the Holy Trinity, that is, as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
 
-#### The Bible teaches that there is only one God.
+#### One God
+
+The Bible teaches that there is only one God.
 
 In the Old Testament:
 >Yahweh, he is God, and <u>there is no other God!</u>! (1 Kings 8:60 ULB)
@@ -11,13 +13,17 @@ In the New Testament:
 
 (See also: Deuteronomy 4:35, Ephesians 4:5-6, 1 Timothy 2:5, James 2:19)
 
-#### The Old Testament begins to reveal God's three persons.
+#### Three Persons: Old Testament Revelation
+
+The Old Testament begins to reveal God's three persons.
 
 ><u>God</u> created the heavens ... <u>The Spirit of God</u> was moving ... "Let <u>us</u> make man in <u>our</u> image." (Genesis 1:1-2, 26 ULB)
 
 >But in these last days, he has spoken to us through a <u>Son</u>, whom he appointed to be the heir of all things. ... But to the <u>Son</u> he says, "Your throne, God, is forever and ever. The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice. ... In the beginning, Lord, you laid the earth's foundation. The heavens are the work of your hands." (Hebrews 1:2, 10 ULB, quoting Psalm 45:6; 102:25)
 
-#### The Church has always found it necessary to state what the New Testament says about God by affirming that he exists in three distinct persons: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
+#### Three Persons: New Testament Teaching
+
+The Church has always found it necessary to state what the New Testament says about God by affirming that he exists in three distinct persons: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
 
 >Jesus said, "...Baptize them into the name of <u>the Father</u>, of <u>the Son</u>, and of <u>the Holy Spirit</u>." (Matthew 28:19 ULB)
 

jit/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-Door43 supports Bible translations that represent these concepts when they refer to God.
+Wycliffe Associates supports Bible translations that represent the concepts "Father" and "Son" when they refer to God.
 
 ### Biblical Witness
 

jit/toc.yaml

@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@ sections:
     sections:
     - title: "Translating Son and Father"
       link: guidelines-sonofgodprinciples
+    - title: "Son of God and God the Father"
+      link: guidelines-sonofgod
     - title: "Textual Variants"
       link: translate-textvariants
     - title: "Verse Bridges"

jit/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ The Hebrew calendar used in the Bible has twelve months. Unlike the western cale
 
 This is a list of the Hebrew months with information about them that may be helpful in the translation.
 
-**Abib** - (This month is called **Nisan** after the Babylonian exile.) This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is at the beginning of the spring season when the late rains come and people begin to harvest their crops. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on western calendars. The Passover celebration started on Abib 10, the Festival of Unleavened Bread was right after that, and the Festival of Harvest was a few weeks after that.
+**Abib** - (This month is called **Nisan** after the Babylonian exile.) This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is at the beginning of the spring season when the late rains come and people begin to harvest their crops. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on western calendars. The Passover celebration started on Abib 10. The Festival of Unleavened Bread was soon after Passover.
 
 **Ziv** - This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the harvest season. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on western calendars.
 
-**Sivan** - This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the harvest season and the beginning of the dry season. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on western calendars. The Feast of Weeks is celebrated on Sivan 6.
+**Sivan** - This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the harvest season and the beginning of the dry season. It is during the last part of May and the first part of June on western calendars. The Feast of Weeks or Pentecost is celebrated on Sivan 6.
 
 **Tammuz** - This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of June and the first part of July on western calendars.
 
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ This is a list of the Hebrew months with information about them that may be help
 
 **Elul** - This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season. It is during the last part of August and the first part of September on western calendars.
 
-**Ethanim** - This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the early rain season which would soften the land for sowing. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on western calendars. The Feast of Ingathering and the Day of Atonement are celebrated in this month.
-
+**Ethanim** - This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the early rain season which would soften the land for sowing. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on western calendars. The Festival of Shelters and the Day of Atonement are celebrated in this month.
+ 
 **Bul** - This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the rainy season when people plough their fields and sow seed. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on western calendars.
 
 **Kislev** - This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on western calendars.
 
 **Tebeth** - This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the cold season when there may be rain and snow. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on western calendars.
 
-**Shebat** - This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is the coldest month of the year, and it has heavy rain fall. It is during the last part of January and the first part of February on western calendars.
+**Shebat** - This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is the coldest month of the year, and it has heavy rainfall. It is during the last part of January and the first part of February on western calendars.
 
 **Adar** - This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the cold season. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on western calendars. The feast called Purim is celebrated in Adar.
 

manifest.yaml

@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
 dublin_core:
   conformsto: 'rc0.2'
   contributor:
-    - 'Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics'
-    - 'Henry Whitney, BA, Education'
-    - 'Tabitha Price'
-    - 'James N. Pohlig, M.Div., MA in Linguistics, D. Litt. in Biblical Languages'
-    - 'Christine Jarka'
-    - 'Bev Staley'
     - 'Carol Brinneman'
+    - 'Christine Jarka, MSEd in Instructional Design'
+    - 'Henry Whitney, BA, Education'
+    - 'James N. Pohlig, M.Div., MA in Linguistics, D. Litt. in Biblical Languages'
     - 'Jody Garcia'
     - 'Kara Anderson'
     - 'Kim Puterbaugh'
     - 'Lizz Carlton'
+    - 'Perry Oakes, PhD in Old Testament, MA in Linguistics'
+    - 'Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics'
+    - 'Tabitha Price'
     - 'Door43 World Missions Community'
+    - 'Wycliffe Associates Staff'
   creator: 'Door43 World Missions Community'
   description: 'A modular handbook that provides a condensed explanation of Bible translation and checking principles that the global Church has implicitly affirmed define trustworthy translations. It enables translators to learn how to create trustworthy translations of the Bible in their own language.'
   format: 'text/markdown'
@@ -79,4 +80,4 @@ projects:
     path: './checking'
     sort: 3
     title: 'Checking'
-    versification:
+    versification:

translate/file-formats/01.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ USFM is a type of markup language that tells a computer program how to format th
 
 When a computer program that can read USFM sees this, it is able to format all of the chapter markers the same way (for instance, with a larger number) and all the verse numbers the same way (for instance, with a small superscript number).
 
-**Bible translations need to be  written with USFM markers for us to be able to use them!**
+**Bible translations need to be written with USFM markers in order for Wycliffe Associates to make them accessible!**
 
 To read more about USFM notation, please read http://paratext.org/about/usfm .
 

translate/guidelines-accurate/01.md

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 
 ### Accurate Translations
 
-To create an **accurate** translation of the Bible means that the translation communicates the same message as the source. When you engage in the first four steps of MAST you are first gaining a simple understanding of the text, and second transfering it into natural wording in your language. These steps are designed to be moved through chronologically to produce a rough draft of the text. As a translator you are already working to express the meaning as accurately as possible, while focusing on putting it into natural wording. Because accuracy to the original is essential for the translation to be considered of high quality, the checking steps are designed to check and improve accuracy. Additionaly several tools, including Translation Words and Translation Questions, have been developed to help with testing the accuracy of the translation. 
+To create an **accurate** translation of the Bible means that the translation communicates the same message as the source. When you engage in the first four steps of MAST you are first gaining a simple understanding of the text, and second transfering it into natural wording in your language. These steps are designed to be moved through chronologically to produce a rough draft of the text. As a translator you are already working to express the meaning as accurately as possible, while focusing on putting it into natural wording. Because accuracy to the original is essential for the translation to be considered of high quality, the checking steps are designed to check and improve accuracy. Additionaly several resources, including Translation Words and Translation Questions, have been developed to help with testing the accuracy of the translation. 
 
 #### Discover the Meaning
 
- In step one of the MAST process you will read through the entire chapter in the source text of the ULB. As you read, concentrate on what you are reading, thinking about the meaning of the passage. Be careful not to force yourself to think too deeply or get frustrated over difficult passages. It is better to read slowly and calmly processing what you do understand as you go. Then you will be ready to reexpress it in your own language, during step two, verbalize. During this step what you understand from the passage becomes clear as you are able to retell it in your own words in your own language. Chunking is an additional step that confirms your understanding of the text. Being able to break it into workable meaning packet demonstrates a general awareness of the flow and structure of the whole. At this point you are ready to write down your draft. Once you have written down what you understood of the passage, you will have a draft to check for accuracy. 
+In step one of the MAST process you will read through the entire chapter in the source text of the ULB. As you read, concentrate on what you are reading, thinking about the meaning of the passage. Be careful not to force yourself to think too deeply or get frustrated over difficult passages. It is better to read slowly and to calmly process what you do understand as you go. Then you will be ready to reexpress it in your own language, during step two, verbalize. During this step what you understand from the passage becomes clear as you are able to retell it in your own words in your own language. Chunking is an additional step that confirms your understanding of the text. Being able to break it into workable meaning packet demonstrates a general awareness of the flow and structure of the whole. At this point you are ready to write down your draft. Once you have written down what you understood of the passage, you will have a draft to check for accuracy. 
  
 #### Accuracy in checking
 
 Part of affirming accuracy is comparing your blind draft to the ULB source text. When you do this during self-edit, you should make changes to your draft to include any information you missed, or to delete information you may have added. Additionally, you are welcome to use other resources, such as the Translation Notes or Translation Questions to make sure you accurately understood the passage and wrote a valid translation of it. 
 
-The final three steps of MAST, peer-edit, keyword check, and verse-by-verse check, all provide opportunities for checking accuracy. The use of all available tools, such as Translation Notes, Translation Questions, and Translation Words during these steps will help you to be confident in the accuracy of your translaton. 
+The final three steps of MAST, peer-edit, keyword check, and verse-by-verse check, all provide opportunities for checking accuracy. The use of all available resources, such as Translation Notes, Translation Questions, and Translation Words during these steps will help you to be confident in the accuracy of your translaton. 
 
 #### The Message of the Writer
 

translate/guidelines-authoritative/01.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 
-An **authoritative** Bible translation is one that is based on the biblical texts in the original languages as the highest authority for the meaning of biblical content. Whenever two or more translations of the Bible disagree about the meaning of a Bible passage, it is the original languages that have the final authority for deciding the meaning. Sometimes people are very loyal to certain Bible translations that they are accustomed to reading, and might argue with other people who are loyal to a different Bible translation. But neither of those Bible translations are the highest authority, because they are only translations of the original. All translations are secondary in authority to the original languages. That is why we must always refer to the original biblical languages when deciding how to translate the Bible.
+An **authoritative** Bible translation is one that considers the biblical texts in the original languages as the highest authority for the meaning of biblical content. Whenever two or more translations of the Bible disagree about the meaning of a Bible passage, it is the original languages that have the final authority for deciding the meaning. Sometimes people are very loyal to certain Bible translations that they are accustomed to reading, and might argue with other people who are loyal to a different Bible translation. But neither of those Bible translations are the highest authority, because they are only translations of the original. All translations are secondary in authority to the original languages. That is why we must always refer to the original biblical languages when deciding how to translate the Bible.
 
-Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original languages of the Bible, it is not always possible to refer to the biblical languages when translating the Bible. Instead, the translation team has to rely on translations that they are able to read that have, in turn, been based on the biblical languages. Many of the translations in the Gateway Languages were translated from the biblical languages, including the ULB, but some are translations of translations. It is easy for errors to be introduced when a translation is two or three steps removed from the original.
+Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original languages of the Bible, it is not always possible to refer to the biblical languages when translating the Bible. Instead, the translation team has to rely on translations that they are able to read that have, in turn, been based on the biblical languages. Many of the translations in the Gateway Languages were translated with reference to the biblical languages, including the ULB. When translations are made of translations, accuracy can become a challenge. 
 
-To help with this problem, we recommend that translation teams do these things whenever possible:
+To help with this, we recommend that translation teams do these things whenever possible:
 
-1. Use Translation Notes, Translation Words, and any other translation resources they have to help them understand the meaning of the original text. The translation resources made available by Wycliffe Associates were reviewed by Bible scholars who know the original biblical languages and by Bible translation specialists.
+1. Use Translation Notes, Translation Words, and any other translation resources they have to help them understand the meaning of the original text. The translation resources made available by Wycliffe Associates were reviewed by Bible scholars who have studied the original biblical languages and by Bible translation specialists.
 1. Compare their translation with as many other reliable translations as they can, to make sure that it  communicates the same message as the others.
 1. Invite someone from the language community who has studied the biblical languages to review the translation and offer feedback to the translation team. This person could be a church leader, pastor, seminary professor, or Bible translation professional.
 

translate/guidelines-clear/01.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ As a translator edits his blind draft, he should ask these questions to make sur
 * Have I used punctuation to help a reader know when to pause or breathe?
 * Have I indicated which parts are direct speech?
 * Am I separating paragraphs?
-* Have I considered adding section headings?
+* Have I used the right language and form for the type of writing this is? 
 
 There are other parts to the "self-edit" step including a comparison with the source text to confirm accuracy. See self-edit for an explanation of the whole process of step 5. 
 

translate/guidelines-collaborative/01.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 
 Bible translations that are **collaborative** are those that have been translated by a group of speakers of the same language. To ensure that your translation is of the highest quality, work together with other believers who speak your language to translate, check, and distribute the translated content.
 
-Collaboration occurs through many ways during the translation process. First as the team gathers from different churches and villages, they commit to collaborate on the project as a whole. Secondly, as the team tests their translation by asking others to read or listen to it and provide feedback, the collaboration continues. In Level 2 and Level 3 checking, specific leaders and lay-Christians are invited to participate in checking the quality of the translation. This again increases collaboration. 
+Collaboration occurs through many ways during the translation process. First as the team gathers from different churches and villages, they commit to collaborate on the project as a whole. Secondly, as the team tests their translation by asking others to read or listen to it and provide feedback, the collaboration continues. In Checking Level two and three, specific leaders and lay-Christians are invited to participate in checking the quality of the translation. This again increases collaboration. 
  
 Whenever possible the translation team should endeavor to include other Christians from their language group in the translation process, so as to continue and expand on the collaborative nature of the project. 
 
-(You may also want to watch the video at http://ufw.io/guidelines_collab.)
+
 

translate/guidelines-faithful/01.md

@@ -1,34 +1,15 @@
 
 ### Faithful Translations
 
-To make a translation that is **faithful** to the Bible, you must avoid any political, denominational, ideological, social, cultural, or theological bias in your translation. Use key terms that are faithful to the vocabulary of the original biblical languages. Use equivalent common language terms for the biblical words that describe the relationship between God the Father and God the Son. These may be clarified, as needed, in footnotes or other supplemental resources.
+A faithful translation of Scripture is one that accurately represents the full message of Scripture as intended for the original audience in the original context. This means the translation has nothing added, misconstrued, or deleted from the original message. (However, the message of a Bible passage includes implied information. See [Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information](../figs-explicit/01.md).)
 
-Your goal as a Bible translator is to communicate the same message that the original writer of the Bible intended to communicate. This means that you should not try to communicate your own message, or the message that you think the Bible should say, or that your church thinks the Bible should say. For any Bible passage, you must communicate what it says, all of what it says, and only what it says. You must resist the temptation to put any of your own interpretations or messages into the Bible or add any meaning to the message that is not there in the Bible passage. (The message of a Bible passage includes the implied information. See [Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information](../figs-explicit/01.md).)
+The translators should consider these key issues to create a faithful translaton: 
 
-You must also use key terms that are faithful to the vocabulary of the original biblical languages. Read the definitions of these terms in Translation Words to make sure that you understand their meanings. As you check key terms and work with other translators to agree on specific terms, make sure you choose words that best reflect the meaning of those key terms and do not translate them in different ways just to please your pastor, your village leaders, or yourself.
+* **Biases:** A faithful translation does not distort the meaning in order to favor theological, denominational, cultural, or personal biases. As a result, it does not explain things more clearly than the original writers did in an attempt to promote a teaching that true Christians differ on. For example, since the Greek word for “baptize” does not specify how people were baptized, and since Christians have different beliefs about how baptism should be practiced, the term used to translate “baptize” should be general and not specify how people were baptized.
 
-Always translating faithfully can be difficult for several reasons:
+* **Key Terms:** In a faithful translation, key terms are translated in a way that is accurate to the original language texts. Reading the definitions of these terms in Translation Words will help you understand their meanings in the source text and choose accurate equivalents. As you check key terms and work with other translators to agree on specific terms, make sure you choose words that best reflect the meaning of those key terms and use them consistently.
 
-1. You might be used to the way that your church interprets some Bible passages, and not know that there are other interpretations.
+* **Father and Son:** A key area that reflects the faithfulness of a translation is the correct use of the terms "Father" and "Son" when referring to God and Jesus Christ. God chose for the original writers to refer to himself and the Christ using the common language terms that normally describe the relationship between a man and his biological son. In order to remain faithful to the original, it is essential do the same. The words may be clarified, as needed, in footnotes or other supplemental resources. (See: [Translating Son and Father](../jit/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md).)
 
-  * Example: When you are translating the word "baptize," you might want to translate it with a word that means "sprinkle," because that is what your church does. But after reading the article in Translation Words, you learn that the word has a meaning in the range of "plunge," "dip," "wash," or "purify."
-
-1. You might want to translate a Bible passage in a way that accords with your culture, rather than according to what it meant when it was written.
-
-  * Example: It is common in North American culture for women to speak and preach in churches. A translator from that culture might be tempted to translate the words of 1 Corinthians 14:34 in a way that is not as strict as the Apostle Paul wrote them: "The women should keep silent in the churches." But a faithful translator will translate the meaning of the Bible passage just the way it is.
-
-1. You might not like something that the Bible says, and be tempted to change it.
-
-  * Example: You might not like what Jesus says in John 6:53, "Truly, truly, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in yourselves." This may seem disgusting to you. But you must translate it faithfully, so that your people can read it and contemplate what Jesus meant by it.
-
-1. You might be afraid of what others in your village will think or do if they read a faithful translation of what the Bible says.
-
-  * Example: You might be tempted to translate God's words in Matthew 3:17, "This is my beloved Son. I am very pleased with him," with a word that does not mean "son." But you must remember that you do not have the right to change the meaning of what the Bible says.
-
-1. You might know something extra about the Bible passage that you are translating and want to add that to your translation.
-
-  * Example: When you are translating Mark 10:11, "Whoever divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her," you might know that in Matthew 19:9 there is also the phrase, "except for sexual immorality." Even so, do not add this phrase into Mark 10:11, because that would not be translating faithfully. Also, do not add any of your own ideas or teachings from your church. Only translate the meaning that is there in the Bible passage.
-
-In order to avoid these biases, especially the ones that you might not be aware of, study the Translation Notes (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tn/, Translation Words (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tw/) and the *Unlocked Dynamic Bible* (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_udb/), as well as any other translation helps that you have. That way you will know what the meaning of the Bible passage is, and you will be less likely to translate in a biased, unfaithful way.
-	
+When you are working as a team to check the translation, use whatever resources are available to you, including Translation Notes, Translation Words, and Unlocked Dynamic Bible to assure that your translation does not favor a specific theological mindset. These tools will also help you to affirm key terms, and check for consistant use of the terms "Father" and "Son" for God and Jesus. 
 

translate/guidelines-historical/01.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-A **historical definition** translation communicates historical events and facts accurately. Providing additional information as needed in order to accurately communicate the intended message to people who do not share the same context and culture as the original recipients of the original content.
+A **historical** translation communicates historical events and facts accurately. It provides implied additional information as needed in order to accurately communicate the intended message to people who do not share the same context and culture as the original recipients of the original content.
 
 To communicate well with historical accuracy, you need to remember two things:
 

translate/guidelines-natural/01.md

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ A good translation will use the same vocabulary and expressions as the people of
 
 #### Gateway Language Translations
 
-The Gateway Language (GL) Bibles are a translation tool to help bilinguals understand the Bible and translate it into their own languages. They are not designed for the mother-tongue speakers of the Gateway Language. Therefore, GL Bibles will not sound natural to GL mother-tongue speakers. For more information about this, see "Translating the ULB" and "Translating the UDB" in the Gateway Languages Manual.
+The Gateway Language (GL) Bibles are a translation resource to help bilinguals understand the Bible and translate it into their own languages. They are not designed for the mother-tongue speakers of the Gateway Language. Therefore, GL Bibles will not sound natural to GL mother-tongue speakers. For more information about this, see "Translating the ULB" and "Translating the UDB" in the Gateway Languages Manual.
 

translate/guidelines-ongoing/01.md

@@ -7,5 +7,4 @@ Bible translations should be **ongoing**. Share the translation with others to s
 
 Remember, encourage people to review the translation and to give you ideas for making it better. Talk to other people about these ideas. When several people agree that these are good ideas, then make these changes in the translation. In this way, the translation will get better and better.
 
-(You may also want to watch the video at http://ufw.io/guidelines_ongoing.)
 

translate/presentation-spelling/01.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ As you work together as a team, you will want to talk together about  words that
 
 The names of people and places in the Bible can be difficult to spell because many of them may be unknown in your language. As you encounter names, work with other translators to agree on how to spell them. Then make sure that all translators have an updated spelling list. 
 
-Computers can be a great help for checking spelling. If you are working on a Gateway Language, a word processor may have a dictionary already available. If you are translating into an Other Language, you can use the find and replace feature to fix misspelled words. 
+Computers can be a great help for checking spelling. If you are working on a Gateway Language, a word processor may have a dictionary already available. If no dictionary is available, you can use the "find and replace" feature to fix misspelled words. 
 
 Correct and consistent spelling is an issue to be aware of as you go, and when you reach the checking steps you will want to carefully affirm that consistency has been achieved. 
 

translate/resources-alter/01.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 ### Description
 
-Sometimes if people try to translate a sentence using the same form as the ULB, it may result in a wrong meaning, or it may be unclear or unnatural in their language. So some translation notes have the words “Alternate translation” followed by one or more translations. These translations express the same meaning as the ULB, but with a different form. If following the form of the ULB would not give the correct meaning in a clear and natural way, translators may use the alternate translations to help them think of ways of expressing the idea clearly in their own language.
+Sometimes if people try to translate a sentence using the same form as the ULB, it may result in a wrong meaning, or it may be unclear or unnatural in their language. So some Translation Notes have the words “Alternate translation” followed by one or more translations. These translations express the same meaning as the ULB, but with a different form. If following the form of the ULB would not give the correct meaning in a clear and natural way, translators may use the alternate translations to help them think of ways of expressing the idea clearly in their own language.
 
 The alternate translation suggestion may involve, for example, stating implicit information clearly, changing passive voice to active, or rewording rhetorical questions as statements. The notes often explain why there is an alternate translation and have a link to a page that explains the topic.
 

translate/resources-alterm/title.md

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-Notes That Have Alternate Meanings
+Notes About Alternate Meanings
 

translate/resources-connect/01.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 Sometimes, at the top of the list of notes, there are notes that start with **Connecting Statement** or **General Information**.
 
-A **connecting statement** tells how the verss is related to earlier verses. The following are some of the kinds of information in the connecting statements.
+A **connecting statement** tells how the verse is related to earlier verses. The following are some of the kinds of information in the connecting statements.
 
 * whether this verse is at the beginning, middle, or end of a passage
 * who is speaking

translate/resources-iordquote/01.md

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 
 ### Description
 
-There are two kinds of quotations: direct quotation and indirect quotation. When translating a quotation, translators need to decide whether to translate it as a direct quotation or an indirect quotation. (See: [Direct and Indirect Quotations](../figs-quotations/01.md))
+There are two kinds of quotations: direct quotation and indirect quotation. When translating a quotation, translators need to decide whether to translate it as a direct quotation or an indirect quotation.
 
-When there is a direct or indirect quote in the ULB, the notes may have an option for translating it as the other kind of quote. The translation suggestion may start with "It can be translated as a direct quote:" or "It can be translated as an indirect quote:" and it will be followed by that kind of quote. This will be followed by a link to the information page called "Direct and Indirect Quotations" that explains both kinds of quotations.
+When there is a quote in the ULB, the notes may have an option for translating it as the other kind of quote. The translation suggestion may start with "It can be translated as a direct quote:" or "It can be translated as an indirect quote:" and it will be followed by that kind of quote. This will be followed by a link to the translation topic page that explains both kinds of quotations: "[Direct and Indirect Quotations](../figs-quotations/01.md)."
 
-There may be a note about direct and indirect quotes when a quote has another quote inside of it, because these can be confusing. In some languages it may be more natural to translate one of these quotes with a direct quote and the other quote with an indirect quote. The note will end with a link to the information page called "[Quotes within Quotes](../figs-quotesinquotes/01.md)."
+There may be a note about direct and indirect quotes when a quote has another quote inside of it, because these can be confusing. In some languages it may be more natural to translate one of these quotes with a direct quote and the other quote with an indirect quote. The note will also have a link to the translation topic page called "[Quotes within Quotes](../figs-quotesinquotes/01.md)."
 
 ### Translation Notes Examples
 
 >He instructed him <u>to tell no one</u> but told him "Go on your way ... (Luke 5:14 ULB)
 
-* **He instructed him to tell no one but told him "Go on your way** - Jesus's instruction can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "'Do not tell anyone, but go on your way" (See: [Direct and Indirect Quotes](../figs-quotations/01.md))
+* **He instructed him to tell no one but told him "Go on your way** - Jesus's instruction can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "Jesus instructed him, 'Do not tell anyone, but go on your way" (See: [Direct and Indirect Quotes](../figs-quotations/01.md))
 
-Here the translationNote shows how to change the indirect quote to a direct quote, in case that would be clearer or more natural in the target language.
+Here the Translation Note shows how to change the indirect quote to a direct quote, in case that would be clearer or more natural in the target language.
 
 >At the time of the harvest <u>I will say to the reapers, "First pull out the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn</u>." (Matthew 13:30 ULB)
 
 * **I will say to the reapers, "First pull out the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, but gather the wheat into my barn"** - You can translate this as an indirect quote: "I will tell the reapers to first gather up the weeds and tie them in bundles to burn them, then gather the wheat into my barn." (See: [Direct and Indirect Quotations](../figs-quotations/01.md))
 
-Here the translationNote shows how to change the direct quote to an indirect quote, in case that would be clearer or more natural in the target language.
+Here the Translation Note shows how to change the direct quote to an indirect quote, in case that would be clearer or more natural in the target language.
 

translate/resources-links/01.md

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 
-There are two types of links in the Translation Notes: links to a Translation Manual topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
+There are two types of links in the Translation Notes: links to a translation topic and links another verse in the same book.
 
-### Translation Manual Topics
+### Links to Translation Topics
 
-The Translation Manual contains a secontion called Translation Topics.  This section provides specific explanations, support, and suggestions for handling various aspects of translating Scripture. Translation Topics is divided into short sections that are designed to be highly flexible for just-in-time learning for both in web and offline mobile video formats.
-
-Each translationNote follows a phrase from the ULB and will provide immediate help on how to translate that phrase. Sometimes there will be a statement in parenthesis at the end of the suggested translation that may look like this: (See: *Metaphor*). The word or words in green are a link to a topic in the Translation Manual. You can click on the link to learn more about the topic.
+Translation notes address various language and translation issues. Sometimes at the end of a translation note there is a statement in parentheses that may look like this: (See: Metaphor). The word or phrase after "See:" is a link to a translation topic in the Translation Manual. The topic deals with an issue that the note addresses. You can click on the link to learn more about the topic.
 
 There are several reasons to read the topic information:
 
@@ -18,16 +16,18 @@ There are several reasons to read the topic information:
 * **walking** - Here walking is a metaphor meaning to obey. Alternate translation: "obeying" (See: *Metaphor*)
 * **made it known** - This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "communicated it" (See: *Idiom*)
 
-### Repeated Phrases in a Book
+### Links to Another Verse in the Same Book
 
-Sometimes a phrase is used multiple times in one book. When this happens, there will be a link in the Translation Notes (green chapter and verse numbers that you can click on) that will take you back to where you have translated that phrase before. There are several reasons why you will want to go to the place where the word or phrase was translated before:
+In some Translation Notes there is a sentence that may look like this: See how you translated this in Genesis 1:5. This is because sometimes a word or phrase is used in the same way multiple times in one book. 
+
+There are several reasons why you will want to see how you had translated the word or phrase before:
 
 * This will make it easier for you to translate this phrase by reminding you of how you have already translated it.
 * This will make your translation faster and more consistent because you will be reminded to translate that phrase in the same way each time.
 
 If a translation that you have used before for the same phrase does not fit a new context, then you will have to think of a new way to translate it. In this case, you should make a note of it and discuss it with others on the translation team.
 
-These links will only take you back to notes in the book that you are working on.
+The verse links will only take you back to Translation Notes in the book that you are working on. Looking at the note can remind you of why you translated it in the earlier verse as you did. The link cannot take you directly to your own translation; you will need to find the verse in your translation to see how you translated it. 
 
 #### Examples
 

translate/resources-porp/title.md

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-Notes with Possible Meanings
+Notes about Probable or Possible Meanings
 

translate/toc.yaml

@@ -9,24 +9,19 @@ sections:
         link: translate-whatis
       - title: "More about Translation"
         link: translate-more
-  - title: "Defining a Good Translation"
+  - title: "The Qualities of a Good Translation"
+    link: guidelines-intro
     sections:
-      - title: "The Qualities of a Good Translation"
-        link: guidelines-intro
-        sections:
-          - title: "Create Clear Translations"
-            link: guidelines-clear
-          - title: "Create Natural Translations"
-            link: guidelines-natural
-          - title: "Create Accurate Translations"
-            link: guidelines-accurate
-          - title: "Create Church-Affirmed Translations"
-            link: guidelines-church-approved
-          - title: "Create Faithful Translations"
-            link: guidelines-faithful
-        sections:
-          - title: "Son of God and God the Father"
-            link: guidelines-sonofgod
+      - title: "Create Clear Translations"
+        link: guidelines-clear
+      - title: "Create Natural Translations"
+        link: guidelines-natural
+      - title: "Create Accurate Translations"
+        link: guidelines-accurate
+      - title: "Create Church-Affirmed Translations"
+        link: guidelines-church-approved
+      - title: "Create Faithful Translations"
+        link: guidelines-faithful
       - title: "Create Authoritative Translations"
         link: guidelines-authoritative
       - title: "Create Historical Translations"
@@ -113,9 +108,9 @@ sections:
            link: resources-synequi
          - title: "Notes with Alternate Translations"
            link: resources-alter
-         - title: "Notes that have Alternate Meanings"
+         - title: "Notes about Alternate Meanings"
            link: resources-alterm
-         - title: "Notes with Probable or Possible Meanings"
+         - title: "Notes about Probable or Possible Meanings"
            link: resources-porp
          - title: "Notes with Links"
            link: resources-links

translate/translate-alphabet/01.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-If your language has not been written before, you might consider doing an audio translation of the Bible. However, if writing your language is a desire of the people, then you will need to create an alphabet and then you can use it to create a written form of the translation. This is a decision the community will need to be involved in as much as possible. Creating an alphabet requires listening to the sounds in your language and figuring out the best way to represent those sounds on paper. 
+The primary issue to consider when planning your translation is what format will make it most accessible to the people of your language community. If your language has not been written before, you might consider doing an audio translation of the Bible. If writing your language is a desire of the people, then you will need to create an alphabet and then you can use it to create a written form of the translation. (This may come after an oral translation is completed.) This is a decision the community will need to be involved in as much as possible. Creating an alphabet requires listening to the sounds in your language and figuring out the best way to represent those sounds on paper. 
 
 It is important to make your alphabet easy to learn and read. One way to do this is to have one letter (or sequence of letters) represent each sound of your language. Here are some steps you can take to create your alphabet. It is best to work through these steps with a team rather than on your own. You will also want to ask people of the community to try reading something in the new alphabet once you've developed it. This will help affirm that your alphabet is workable, and will show you areas of weakness that may need to be changed. 
 
@@ -25,3 +25,4 @@ Make a list of all the letters you propose to use in your language. As you and t
 
 If the national language uses a writing system other than the Latin alphabet (from which the letters of the English alphabet come), then think about the different marks that you could use to modify the symbols so that they can represent the sounds of your language. It is best if you can mark the symbols in ways that can be reproduced on a computer. (You can experiment with writing systems in a word processor or with the keyboards in https://keyman.com) If you need help creating a keyboard, send an email request to <helpdesk@techadvancement.com>. 
 
+Language communities may find they have difficulty developing a writing system because of issues that this manual does not address. If so, they may be able to find help by looking through the resources at www.sil.org/orthography, by contacting the linguistics department at a university in their country, or by contacting their country’s Department of Education.

translate/translate-literal/01.md

@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ Literal translations usually contain the following problems:
 
 #### When to Translate Literally
 
-The only time to translate literally is when translating Gateway Language Materials, such as the ULB, that will be used by Other Language translators. The purpose of the ULB is to show the translator what is in the original. Even so, the ULB is not strictly literal. It is a modified literal translation that uses the target language grammar so that readers can understand it. For the places where the ULB uses the original expressions in the Bible that may be difficult to understand, we have provided the Translation Notes to explain them.
+The only time to translate literally is when producing a Gateway Language translation, such as the ULB, that will be used by others to translate the Bible into their own Heart Language. The purpose of the ULB is to show the translator what is in the original. Even so, the ULB is not strictly literal. It is a modified literal translation that uses the target language grammar so that readers can understand it. For the places where the ULB uses the original expressions in the Bible that may be difficult to understand, we have provided the Translation Notes to explain them.
 

translate/translate-manual/01.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-This portion of the manual teaches translation theory and how to make a good translation for Other Languages (OLs). Some of the principles of translation in this manual also apply to Gateway Language translation. For specific instruction on how to translate the set of translation tools for Gateway Languages, however, please see the Gateway Language Manual. It will be very helpful to study many of these modules before starting any type of translation project. Other modules, such as the ones about grammar, are only needed for "just-in-time" learning.
+This portion of the manual teaches translation theory and how to make a good Heart Language translation. Some of the principles of translation in this manual also apply to Gateway Language translation. For specific instruction on how to translate the set of translation tools for Gateway Languages, however, please see the Gateway Language Manual. It will be very helpful to study many of these modules before starting any type of translation project. Other modules, such as the ones about grammar, are only needed for "just-in-time" learning.
 
 Some highlights in the Translation Manual:
 

translate/translate-source-unlocked/01.md

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 
-The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is a version of the Bible that Wycliffe Associates makes available for people to translate into their own language. It is called "literal" because it has many of the  grammatical forms and figures of speech that the original writers of the Bible used when they wrote in Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek.
+The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is a version of the Bible that Wycliffe Associates makes available for people to translate into their own language. It is an update of the <u>American Standard Version</u> of 1901, and is intended to accurately reflect the meanings of the most reliable copies of the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek biblical texts. It is called "literal" because it has many of the  grammatical forms and figures of speech that the original writers of the Bible used.
 
-The Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB) is a version of the Bible that Wycliffe Associates makes available for people to use as a supplemental resource. It is called "dynamic" because it expresses the meanings of the original grammatical forms and figures of speech in ways that are meant to be clearer to modern readers from various cultures. Translators can use the UDB to help them understand the meanings in the ULB and to get ideas of how they might express those meanings clearly and dynamically in their own language.
+The Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB) is a version of the Bible that Wycliffe Associates makes available for translators to use as a supplemental resource. It is based on <u>A Translation for Translators</u> by Ellis W. Deibler, Jr.  It is called "dynamic" because it expresses the meanings of the original grammatical forms and figures of speech in ways that are meant to be clearer to modern readers from various cultures. Translators can use the UDB to help them understand the meanings in the ULB and to get ideas of how they might express those meanings clearly and dynamically in their own language. 
 
 People have been translating the Unlocked Literal Bible into over 30 languages of wider communication so that bilingual people can use those translations as source texts to translate the Bible into their own language. See [Gateway Language Strategy](../intro/gl-strategy/01.md).
-
-The English Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is an update of the <u>American Standard Version</u> of 1901, and it is a derivative of the <u>unfoldingWord Literal Translation</u>. It is intended to accurately reflect the meanings of the most reliable copies of the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek biblical texts. 
-
-The Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB) is based on <u>A Translation for Translators</u> by Ellis W. Deibler, Jr., and it is a derivative of the <u>unfoldingWord Simplified Text</u>. It shows the meaning of many of the figures of speech, idioms, abstract nouns, and difficult grammatical forms in the original texts.

translate/translate-terms/01.md

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ The terms are listed below in four categories: "Translation," "Translation Produ
 
 **Language of Wider Communication** - A language that is spoken over a broad area and by many people. For most people, this is not their first language, but is the language that they use to speak to people outside of their language community. Some people call this a trade language. Most Bibles will be translated using a language of wider communication as the source language.
 
-**Gateway Language** - A Gateway Language (GL) is a language of wider communication that we have identified as being one of the languages into which we will translate all of our translation tools. The set of Gateway Languages is the smallest number of languages through which content can be delivered to every other language of the world, through translation by bilingual speakers.
+**Heart Language Translation** - A Heart Language (HL) translation is a translation into the heart language of its intended users.
 
-**Other Language** - The Other Languages (OLs) are all of the languages of the world that are not Gateway Languages. We translate our Bible translation tools into the Gateway Languages so that people can use those tools to translate the Bible into the Other Languages.
+**Gateway Language Translation** -  A Gateway Language (GL) translation is a translation into a Language of Wider Communication, and is meant to be a source text for bilingual people to translate into their Heart Language. (The GL translation is not meant for people who speak that language as their heart language.)
 
 **Literal Translation** - A translation that focuses on reproducing the form of the source text in the target text, even if the meaning changes as a result.
 

translate/translate-whatis/01.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is how translation is supposed to work most of the time, but sometimes cert
 There are basically two kinds of translations: literal and dynamic (or meaning-based).
 
 * Literal translations focus on representing words in the source language with words in the target language that have similar basic meanings. They also use phrases that have similar structures to the phrases in the source language. This kind of translation allows the reader to see the structure of the source text, but it can make it difficult or impossible for the reader to understand the meaning of the source text.
-* Dynamic, meaning-based translations, focus on representing the meaning of the source language sentence in its context, and will use whatever words and phrase structures are most appropriate to convey that meaning in the target language. The goal of this kind of translation is to make it easy for the reader to understand the meaning of the source text. This is the kind of translation recommended in this Translation Manual for Other Language (OL) translations.
+* Dynamic, meaning-based translations, focus on representing the meaning of the source language sentence in its context, and will use whatever words and phrase structures are most appropriate to convey that meaning in the target language. The goal of this kind of translation is to make it easy for the reader to understand the meaning of the source text. This is the kind of translation recommended in this Translation Manual for Heart Language translations.
 
 The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is designed to be a literal translation, so that the OL translator can see the forms of the original biblical languages. The Unlocked Dynamic Bibe (UDB) is designed to be a dynamic translation, so that the OL translator can understand the meaning of these forms in the Bible. The ULB is designed to be the source text, and the UDB is designed to be a tool for affirming understanding of the source text and observing ways of expressing the meaning in a clear and dynamic way.