LUK front intro uk55 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Luke<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Luke<br><br>1. Dedication to Theophilus (1:1–4)<br>2. Prologue<br> * The birth of John the Baptist (1:5–80)<br> * The birth and youth of Jesus (2:1–51)<br> * The ministry of John the Baptist (3:1–20)<br> * The baptism, genealogy, and temptation of Jesus (3:21–4:13)<br>3. The teaching and healing ministry of Jesus in Galilee (4:14–9:50)<br>4. Jesus teaches along his journey to Jerusalem<br> * Judgment by God, and people’s judgments about Jesus (9:51–13:21)<br> * Who will be part of the kingdom of God (13:22–17:10)<br> * Responding to Jesus by welcoming or rejecting him (17:11–19:27)<br>5. Jesus in Jerusalem<br> * Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem (19:28–44)<br> * Jesus teaches in the temple: conflict over his identity and authority (19:45–21:38)<br> * Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection (22:1–24:53)<br><br>### What is the Gospel of Luke about?<br><br>The Gospel of Luke is one of four books in the New Testament that describe the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. These books are called “gospels,” which means “good news.” Their authors wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Luke wrote his gospel for a person named Theophilus and dedicated it to him. Luke wrote an accurate description of the life and teachings of Jesus so that Theophilus would be certain that what he had been taught about Jesus was true. However, Luke expected that what he wrote would encourage all followers of Jesus.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of Luke” or “The Gospel according to Luke.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “The Good News about Jesus that Luke Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Luke?<br><br>This book does not give the name of its author. However, the same person who wrote this book also wrote the Book of Acts, which is also dedicated to Theophilus. In parts of the Book of Acts, the author uses the word “we.” This indicates that the author traveled with Paul. Most scholars think that Luke was this person traveling with Paul. Therefore, since early Christian times, most Christians have recognized Luke as the author of both the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts.<br><br>Luke was a medical doctor. His way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile. Luke himself probably did not witness what Jesus said and did. But he tells Theophilus in his dedication that he talked to many people who did.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### The kingdom of God<br><br>The “kingdom of God” is a major concept in the Gospel of Luke. It is very rich in meaning. It includes the idea of eternal life in the presence of God, but it also includes the idea of what the earth will be like in the future when God rules everything, and the idea of life on earth right now, when and where God’s wishes are carried out fully. The unifying concept behind all of these ideas is that of God ruling and of people embracing God’s rule over their lives. Wherever the expression “the kingdom of God” occurs, translation notes will suggest communicating the idea behind the abstract noun “kingdom” with some phrase that uses the verb “rule.” UST models this approach consistently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br><br>### Why does Luke write so much about the final week of Jesus’ life?<br><br>Luke wrote much about Jesus’ final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus’ final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### What are the roles of women in the Gospel of Luke?<br><br>Luke described women in a very pos
LUK 1 intro f1b5 0 # Luke 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Dedication to Theophilus (1:1–4)<br>2. The angel Gabriel announces to Zechariah that his wife Elizabeth is going to bear a son, John the Baptist (1:5–25)<br>3. The angel Gabriel announces to Mary that she is going to become the mother of Jesus (1:26–38)<br>4. Mary goes to visit Elizabeth (1:39–56)<br>5. John the Baptist is born (1:57–80)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. ULT does this with the poetry in Mary’s song about becoming the mother of Jesus in 1:46–55 and Zechariah’s song about the birth of his son John the Baptist in 1:68–79.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “He will be called John”<br><br>Most people in the ancient Near East would give a child the same name as someone in their families. People were surprised that Elizabeth and Zechariah named their son John because there was no one else in their family with that name.
LUK 1 1 qhd9 figs-activepassive περὶ τῶν πεπληροφορημένων ἐν ἡμῖν πραγμάτων 1 concerning the things that have been fulfilled among us If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “about those things that have happened among us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 1 hyp6 figs-exclusive ἐν ἡμῖν 1 among us Luke dedicates this book to a man named Theophilus. It is no longer known exactly who he was. But since Luke says in [1:4](../01/04.md) that he wants Theophilus to know that the things he has been taught are reliable, it appears that he was a follower of Jesus. So the word **us** here would include him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 1 2 hud2 figs-metonymy οἱ…αὐτόπται…γενόμενοι 1 who…were eyewitnesses The term **eyewitness** describes someone who saw something happen personally, “with their own eyes.” The term describes such a person figuratively by reference to something associated with sight, the eye. Alternate translation: “who…saw these things personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 2 z9dq figs-metonymy ὑπηρέται…τοῦ λόγου 1 servants of the word The term **word** figuratively describes the things that the people who brought the message conveyed by using words. Alternate translation: “servants of the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 2 l000 figs-metaphor ὑπηρέται…τοῦ λόγου 1 servants of the word The people who brought this message were actually serving God by doing that. But Luke describes them figuratively as **servants of the word**, as if they were serving the message from God. Alternate translation: “served God by telling people his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 3 fud1 writing-background παρηκολουθηκότι ἄνωθεν πᾶσιν ἀκριβῶς 1 having carefully investigated everything from the beginning Luke provides this background information to explain that he was careful to find out exactly what happened. He probably talked to different people who saw what happened to make sure that what he wrote down about these events was correct. Alternate translation: “because I have conducted careful research and interviews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 1 3 l001 figs-youformal σοι…κράτιστε Θεόφιλε 1 you…most excellent Theophilus If your language has a formal form of **you** that it uses to address a superior respectfully, it would be appropriate to use that form here. There are many other places in the book of Luke where your language might use formal **you**, and these notes will not address all of them. Rather, as you translate, use formal and informal **you** in the way that would be most natural in your language. The notes will address a few cases where a careful decision should be made between the two forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]])
LUK 1 3 nr63 κράτιστε Θεόφιλε 1 most excellent Theophilus Luke is dedicating this work to Theophilus, and within his dedication, this is the conventional personal greeting. If it would be more customary in your language and culture, you could put this greeting in [1:1](../01/01.md) at the start of the dedication, and so at the very beginning of the book. Alternate translation: “To most excellent Theophilus”
LUK 1 3 vhj8 κράτιστε 1 most excellent Luke uses this term to address Theophilus in a way that shows honor and respect. This may mean that Theophilus was an important government official. In your translation, it would be appropriate to use the form of address that your culture uses for people of high status. Alternate translation: “Honorable”
LUK 1 3 h7q1 translate-names Θεόφιλε 1 Theophilus This name means “friend of God.” It may describe this man’s character, or it may have been his actual name. Most translations treat it as a name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 4 l002 figs-activepassive ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων 1 the things that you have been taught If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “what people have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 4 l003 figs-explicit ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων 1 the things that you have been taught Luke assumes that Theophilus will know that he means what he has been **taught** about Jesus. Alternate translation: “what people have taught you about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 5 gb16 writing-newevent ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου βασιλέως τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 In the days of Herod, king of Judea This time reference introduces a new event. Alternate translation: “During the time when King Herod ruled over Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 5 l004 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 In the days of Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular period of time. Alternate translation: “During the time when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 5 l005 translate-names Ἡρῴδου 1 Herod This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 5 l006 translate-names Ἰουδαίας 1 Judea This is the name of a kingdom. (It was not an independent kingdom at this time. Herod ruled it as a vassal of the Roman Empire.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 5 a4q9 writing-participants ἐγένετο…ἱερεύς τις 1 there was a certain priest This phrase introduces a new character in a story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 1 5 l007 translate-names Ζαχαρίας 1 Zechariah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 5 l228 figs-explicit ἐξ ἐφημερίας Ἀβιά 1 from the division of Abijah Luke assumes that his readers will know that this expression refers one of the different groups of priests who each served in the temple for a certain number of days at a time, and that the name of the group means that Abijah was the ancestor of these priests. Alternate translation: “who belonged to the group of priests who were descended from Abijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 5 gzw1 translate-names Ἀβιά 1 Abijah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 5 d3ua figs-metaphor γυνὴ αὐτῷ ἐκ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἀαρών 1 his wife was from the daughters of Aaron The word **daughters** here figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “his wife was a descendant of Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 5 nnu9 figs-explicit ἐκ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἀαρών 1 from the daughters of Aaron This means implicitly that she, like Zechariah, was descended from the line of priests going back to Aaron, the first high priest. Alternate translation: “his wife also came from the line of priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 5 l008 translate-names Ἐλεισάβετ 1 Elizabeth This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 6 uu87 figs-metaphor ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 in front of God Luke uses this expression to mean “where God could see them.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “in God’s judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 6 l009 figs-metaphor πορευόμενοι πάσαις ταῖς ἐντολαῖς καὶ δικαιώμασιν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 walking…in all the commandments and statutes of the Lord The term **walking** figuratively means “obeying.” Alternate translation: “obeying…everything that the Lord had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 6 csc9 figs-doublet πάσαις ταῖς ἐντολαῖς καὶ δικαιώμασιν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 in all the commandments and statutes of the Lord The words **commandments** and **statutes** mean similar things. Luke uses the two terms together to make a comprehensive statement. You do not need to repeat both words in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “everything that the Lord had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 1 7 c7cj grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 But This word indicates a contrast, showing that what follows is the opposite of what would be expected. People expected that if they did what was right, God would allow them to have children. Although this couple did what was right, they did not have any children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 1 7 l010 figs-idiom ἀμφότεροι προβεβηκότες ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν 1 they had both advanced in their days To have moved forward or to have **advanced** means figuratively to have aged. Alternate translation: “they had both grown old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 7 l011 figs-idiom ἀμφότεροι προβεβηκότες ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν 1 they had both advanced in their days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time, the lifetimes of Zechariah and Elizabeth. Alternate translation: “they had both grown old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 8 jr7f writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that This phrase marks a shift from the background information that Luke has been providing about the participants to the first event in their story. If your language has a similar expression that it uses to introduce an event, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 8 l012 grammar-connect-logic-result ἐν τῷ ἱερατεύειν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ τάξει τῆς ἐφημερίας αὐτοῦ 1 in his performing as priest in the order of his division If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the results that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because it was his group’s turn, Zechariah was serving as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 8 vyl8 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ ἱερατεύειν αὐτὸν…ἔναντι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 in his performing as priest before God The expression **before God**, that is, “in front of God,” means that Zechariah was offering his service as a priest in the presence of God. Alternate translation: “while Zechariah was serving God as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 8 abc1 writing-pronouns ἐν τῷ ἱερατεύειν αὐτὸν 1 in his performing as priest The pronoun **his** refers to Zechariah. Alternate translation: “while Zechariah was serving as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 1 8 wed9 writing-background ἐν τῇ τάξει τῆς ἐφημερίας αὐτοῦ 1 in the order of his division This is background information that explains why Zechariah was serving as a priest at this time. Alternate translation: “because it was his group’s turn to serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 1 9 vq5g writing-background κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἱερατείας, ἔλαχε 1 according to the custom of the priesthood, he came up by lot Luke is providing background information about how the priests selected members of their group to perform specific duties. Alternate translation: “The priests chose him in their customary way, by casting a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 1 9 l013 grammar-connect-logic-result τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι, εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 to enter into the temple of the Lord to burn incense ULT puts these phrases in the chronological order of what Zechariah needed to do. If it would be clearer in your language, you could put them in logical order instead. Alternate translation: “to burn incense, and so he went into the temple to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 9 pa9c translate-unknown ἔλαχε 1 came up by lot A **lot** was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help decide something. The priests believed that God would guide the lot and show them which priest he wanted them to choose for a particular duty. If your culture has a similar object, you can use the word for that in your language here. Alternate translation: “by casting a marked stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 1 9 ph9z translate-unknown τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι 1 to burn incense The word **incense** describes a substance that gives off a sweet smell when it is burned. The priests were to burn it as an offering to God each morning and evening on a special altar inside the temple. If your language has a word for this substance, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “to burn a substance that would create a sweet smell as an offering to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 1 10 bjl6 figs-hyperbole πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος…τοῦ λαοῦ 1 the whole crowd of the people This expression, if taken literally, could mean every single one of the Jews, but it is actually a generalization that Luke is using to emphasize how big this crowd was. Alternate translation: “A large number of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 1 10 ntl8 figs-explicit ἔξω 1 outside This word refers implicitly to the enclosed area or courtyard that surrounded the temple. Alternate translation: “in the courtyard outside the temple building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 10 uwu7 figs-metaphor τῇ ὥρᾳ τοῦ θυμιάματος 1 at the hour of the incense offering The word **hour** figuratively means “time.” This could mean either the morning or evening time for the incense offering. Alternate translation: “when it was time to offer the incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 11 b8b7 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous δὲ 1 Then This word indicates that the event it introduces took place at the same time as the event the story has just related. If it would be clearer in your language, you could show this relationship by using a phrase such as “right at that time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
LUK 1 11 c8ss figs-idiom ὤφθη…αὐτῷ 1 appeared to him When Luke says that the angel **appeared**, this does not mean that Zechariah simply saw the angel in a vision. Rather, this expression indicates that the angel was actually present with Zechariah. Alternate translation: “suddenly was there with Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 12 r3aa figs-parallelism ἐταράχθη Ζαχαρίας…φόβος ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 Zechariah was troubled…fear fell on him These two phrases mean similar things. Luke is using them together to emphasize how afraid Zechariah was. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “Zechariah became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 12 d1zm figs-explicit ἰδών 1 when he saw him The implication is that Zechariah was afraid because the angel appeared glorious and powerful. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. (Luke has just said that Zechariah was righteous and blameless, so it would be good not to leave your readers with the impression that he had done something wrong and was afraid that the angel was going to punish him for it.) Alternate translation: “when he saw how glorious and powerful the angel was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 12 l014 figs-metaphor φόβος ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 fear fell upon him Luke is using the expression **fell upon** figuratively to speak of fear as if it attacked and overcame Zechariah. Alternate translation: “This made him very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 12 sfb1 figs-personification φόβος ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 fear fell upon him Luke describes Zechariah’s **fear** figuratively as if it were something that could actively attack and overpower him. Alternate translation: “This made him very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 1 13 ki8l figs-imperative μὴ φοβοῦ 1 Do not be afraid While the angel speaks these words in the form of a command, he is actually telling Zechariah something to help and encourage him. Alternate translation: “You do not need to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 1 13 es4l figs-activepassive εἰσηκούσθη ἡ δέησίς σου 1 your prayer has been heard If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God has heard your prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 13 l015 figs-idiom εἰσηκούσθη ἡ δέησίς σου 1 your prayer has been heard This is an idiom that means that God is going to give Zechariah what he has been asking for. Alternate translation: “God is going to give you what you have been asking for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 13 l016 figs-declarative καὶ καλέσεις τὸὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην 1 you will call his name John The angel is using a statement as a command in order to tell Zechariah what to do. Alternate translation: “You are to name him John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 1 13 l017 figs-idiom καλέσεις τὸὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην 1 call his name John The expression **call his name** is an idiom that means to give a child a name. Alternate translation: “name him John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 13 l018 translate-names Ἰωάννην 1 John This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 14 n654 figs-doublet ἔσται χαρά σοι καὶ ἀγαλλίασις 1 there will be joy and gladness to you The words **joy** and **gladness** mean the same thing. The angel uses them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “you will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 1 14 q1p8 grammar-connect-logic-result ἐπὶ τῇ γενέσει αὐτοῦ 1 at his birth The word **at** introduces the reason why many people will rejoice. Alternate translation: “because he has been born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 15 td57 grammar-connect-logic-result ἔσται γὰρ μέγας 1 For he will be great The word **for** introduces the reason why people will rejoice because John has been born. Alternate translation: “This will be because they will be able to tell that he is going to be a great man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 15 sz79 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 before the Lord This expression means “in front of the Lord,” that is, “where the Lord can see him.” Sight, in turn, figuratively represents attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “God will consider him to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 15 abc2 figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ πίῃ 1 he must never drink The phrase **must never** translates two negative words in Greek. The angel uses them together to emphasize how important it is that the child not drink wine or strong drink. If your language can use two negatives together for emphasis without them cancelling each other to create a positive meaning, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 1 15 hgb9 figs-activepassive Πνεύματος Ἁγίου πλησθήσεται 1 he will be filled with the Holy Spirit If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit will fill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 15 l019 figs-metaphor Πνεύματος Ἁγίου πλησθήσεται 1 he will be filled with the Holy Spirit The angel speaks figuratively as if John would be a container that the Holy Spirit would fill. He means that the Holy Spirit will empower and influence John. Be sure that in your translation, this does not sound similar to what an evil spirit might do to in taking control of a person. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit will empower him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 15 ie95 ἔτι ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 even from his mother’s womb Alternate translation: “while he is still in his mother’s womb” or “even before he is born”
LUK 1 16 x36x figs-metaphor πολλοὺς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐπιστρέψει ἐπὶ Κύριον 1 he will turn many of the sons of Israel back to the Lord To **turn** a person **back** figuratively means to lead them to repent and obey the Lord once again. Alternate translation: “he will cause many of the people of Israel to repent and obey the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 16 l020 figs-metaphor πολλοὺς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ 1 many of the sons of Israel The word **sons** here figuratively means “descendants.” This expression envisions all of the Israelites as if they were their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 16 l021 translate-names Ἰσραὴλ 1 Israel This is the name of a man. Luke uses it many times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 17 c52s figs-idiom αὐτὸς προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 he will go before him To **go before** is an idiom that indicates that before the Lord comes, John will announce to the people that the Lord is going to come to them. Alternate translation: “John will announce that the Lord is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 17 p472 figs-doublet ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλεία 1 in the spirit and power of Elijah In this context, the words **spirit** and **power** mean similar things. The angel may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “with the same great power that Elijah had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 1 17 l022 figs-hendiadys ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλεία 1 in the spirit and power of Elijah Alternatively, the angel may be expressing a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The term **power** may tell what kind of **spirit** Elijah had. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “in the powerful spirit of Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 1 17 l023 translate-names Ἠλεία 1 Elijah This is the name of a man, a great prophet of Israel. It occurs several times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 17 w32h figs-personification ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα 1 to turn the hearts of fathers back to their children The angel speaks of the **heart** as if it were a living thing that could be turned to go in a different direction. This expression figuratively means to change someone’s attitude toward something. Alternate translation: “to make fathers care about their children once again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 1 17 qe48 figs-synecdoche ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα 1 to turn the hearts of fathers back to their children The angel uses the relationship between **fathers** and **children** figuratively to represent all relationships. Luke relates in [3:10-14](../03/10.md) how John encouraged reconciliation in a variety of different relationships. Alternate translation: “to restore broken relationships” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 1 17 l024 figs-explicit ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα 1 to turn the hearts of fathers back to their children It is assumed that readers will know that this is what the prophet Malachi had said Elijah would do before the Lord came. The implication in context is that John will fulfill this prophecy by using the same empowerment that Elijah had. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to restore broken relationships, just as the prophet Malachi said Elijah would do before the Lord came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 17 l025 figs-explicit ἀπειθεῖς…ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων 1 to turn…the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Gabriel is using the term **wisdom** in the Old Testament sense, as a moral term that refers to choosing the way in life that God has shown to be best. The people who make this choice are **righteous**, meaning that God considers them to be living in the right way. Alternate translation: “to lead people who are disobeying God to choose his ways and become people who live right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 17 j49j figs-nominaladj ἀπειθεῖς…δικαίων 1 the disobedient…the righteous Gabriel is using the adjectives **disobedient** and **righteous** as nouns, to refer groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who are disobeying God…people who live right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 1 17 ujs1 figs-explicit λαὸν κατεσκευασμένον 1 a people prepared You could state explicitly in your translation what the people will be prepared to do. Alternate translation: “a people who will be prepared to believe his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 18 asn2 figs-explicit κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο 1 How will I know this Zechariah is implicitly asking for a sign as proof. Alternate translation: “What sign can you show me to prove that this will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 18 l026 grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For This word introduces the reason why Zechariah wants a sign. He and his wife are both too old to have children, so he is finding it hard to believe what the angel has told him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 18 l027 figs-idiom προβεβηκυῖα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῆς 1 my wife is advanced in her days Zechariah is using two idioms. As in [1:7](../01/07.md), to be **advanced** means figuratively to have aged, and **days** figuratively refers a particular period of time, in this case the lifetime of Elizabeth. Alternate translation: “my wife has also grown old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 19 l028 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν 1 answering the angel said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that the angel responded to the question that Zechariah asked. Alternate translation: “the angel responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 1 19 p3jn figs-declarative ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριὴλ, ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 I am Gabriel, the one standing before God Gabriel says this in the form of a statement, but he means it as a rebuke to Zechariah. The presence of an angel coming directly from God should be enough proof for him. Alternate translation: “You should have believed me—Gabriel, coming to you straight from God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 1 19 l029 translate-names Γαβριὴλ 1 Gabriel This is the name of an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 19 yp6z figs-metaphor ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the one standing before God To stand **before** or “in front of” a master, that is, in the presence of that master, figuratively means to be available to serve them at all times in any capacity. Alternate translation: “I serve God personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 19 pd7h figs-activepassive ἀπεστάλην λαλῆσαι πρὸς σὲ 1 I was sent to speak to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God sent me to speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 20 x9qk figs-metaphor καὶ ἰδοὺ 1 and behold The term **behold** focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Though it literally means “look” or “see,” in this case seeing figuratively means giving notice and attention. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 20 l030 figs-explicit ἔσῃ σιωπῶν καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος λαλῆσαι 1 you will be silent, and not able to speak The implication is that God will make this happen, to show that Zechariah should have believed what Gabriel told him. Alternate translation: “God will make you completely unable to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 20 g5t1 figs-doublet σιωπῶν καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος λαλῆσαι 1 silent, and not able to speak These two phrases mean the same thing. Gabriel uses the repetition to emphasize how complete the silence of Zechariah will be. Alternate translation: “completely unable to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 1 20 q6y3 figs-metonymy οὐκ ἐπίστευσας τοῖς λόγοις μου 1 you did not believe my words Gabriel uses the term **words** figuratively to describe the content of his message, by reference to something associated with it, the words he used to communicate it. Alternate translation: “you did not believe what I told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 20 l031 figs-activepassive οἵτινες πληρωθήσονται 1 which will be fulfilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “which will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 20 hgu3 figs-idiom εἰς τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῶν 1 in their time This is an idiom that means “the time that pertains to them.” Alternate translation: “at the appointed time” or “at the time that God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 21 e14e grammar-connect-time-simultaneous καὶ 1 And This word marks a shift in the story from what happened inside the temple to what happened outside. Alternate translation: “While that was happening” or “While the angel and Zechariah were talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
LUK 1 22 h6vt grammar-connect-logic-result ἐπέγνωσαν ὅτι ὀπτασίαν ἑώρακεν ἐν τῷ ναῷ. καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν διανεύων αὐτοῖς, καὶ διέμενεν κωφός 1 they concluded that he had seen a vision in the temple; and he was making signs to them, and remained unable to speak If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “He kept on making signs to them but said nothing. So they concluded that he must have seen a vision while he was in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 22 r2ak figs-explicit ἐπέγνωσαν ὅτι ὀπτασίαν ἑώρακεν ὀπτασίαν 1 they perceived that he had seen a vision Gabriel was actually present with Zechariah in the temple. He explains in [1:19](../01/19.md) that God sent him there. The people, not knowing this, assumed that Zechariah had seen a vision. While the Greek says that they “perceived” this, it means that they thought they recognized what had happened. Alternate translation: “they thought that he had seen a vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 23 duy9 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 23 l032 figs-activepassive ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς λειτουργίας αὐτοῦ 1 when the days of his priestly service were fulfilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when Zechariah had finished his time of service at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 23 l033 figs-idiom αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς λειτουργίας αὐτοῦ 1 the days of his priestly service Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “his time of service at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 23 sa5y figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 he went away to his home This expression indicates implicitly that Zechariah did not live in Jerusalem, where the temple was located. Luke indicates in [1:39](../01/39.md) that Zechariah and Elizabeth lived instead in a city in the hill country of Judah, the area to the south of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he traveled back to his hometown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 24 l034 grammar-connect-time-sequential δὲ 1 And This word indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the events it has just described. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 1 24 cda2 figs-idiom μετὰ δὲ ταύτας τὰς ἡμέρας 1 after these days Luke uses the term **days** here to refer figuratively to a particular period of time, specifically, the time when Zechariah was serving in the temple. Alternate translation: “after Zechariah had finished serving at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 24 kpw1 figs-explicit περιέκρυβεν ἑαυτὴν μῆνας πέντε 1 she hid herself for five months This expression means that Elizabeth did not leave her house during that time. She seems to state the reason for this in the next verse. She had felt disgraced because she was not able to have children. But if stayed in her house for **five months**, the next time people saw her, her pregnancy would show, and it would be clear that she was able to have children. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “She did not leave her house for five months so that by the next time people saw her, it would be clear that she was going to have a baby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 25 w8yq figs-exclamations οὕτως μοι πεποίηκεν Κύριος 1 Thus the Lord has done for me This is a positive exclamation. Elizabeth is very happy with what the Lord has done for her. If it would be clearer in your language, you could show this by making it a separate sentence and indicating with the conventions of your language that it is an exclamation. Alternate translation: “What a marvelous thing the Lord has done for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 1 25 z1xr figs-explicit οὕτως μοι πεποίηκεν Κύριος 1 Thus the Lord has done for me It is implicit that Elizabeth is referring to the fact that the Lord has allowed her to become pregnant. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “What a marvelous thing the Lord has done for me by allowing me to become pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 25 pn2a figs-idiom ἐπεῖδεν 1 he looked upon me The expression **looked upon** here is an idiom that means “shown regard for” or “treated well.” Alternate translation: “he treated me kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 25 lx3p figs-explicit ἀφελεῖν ὄνειδός μου ἐν ἀνθρώποις 1 to take away my disgrace among people By **disgrace**, Elizabeth means the shame she felt because she was not able to have children. Alternate translation: “so that I no longer have to feel ashamed when I am around other people because I cannot have children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 26 v9w2 figs-explicit ἐν…τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἕκτῳ 1 in the sixth month Luke assumes that readers will recognize that this does not mean the sixth month of the year, but the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy. If you think there could be some confusion about this, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “after Elizabeth had been pregnant for six months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 26 l035 translate-ordinal τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἕκτῳ 1 in the sixth month If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “during month 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 1 26 rl4c figs-activepassive ἀπεστάλη ὁ ἄγγελος Γαβριὴλ ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the angel Gabriel was sent from God If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God sent the angel Gabriel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 26 l036 translate-names Γαλιλαίας 1 Galilee **Galilee** is the name of a region. It occurs many times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 26 l037 translate-names Ναζαρὲτ 1 Nazareth **Nazareth** is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 27 l038 writing-participants ἀνδρὶ, ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰωσὴφ 1 a man whose name was Joseph This introduces Joseph as a new character in the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 1 27 l039 translate-names Ἰωσὴφ 1 Joseph This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 27 tzh2 figs-metaphor ἐξ οἴκου Δαυεὶδ 1 of the house of David In this expression, the word **house** describes all the people descended from a particular person. The term views all of those descendants figuratively as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “who was a descendant of King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 27 l040 writing-background ἐξ οἴκου Δαυεὶδ 1 of the house of David This is background information that helps identify Joseph further. It is important for readers to know because it means that as [1:32](../01/32.md) indicates, Jesus, as the adoptive son of Joseph, will be an eligible successor to King David as the Messiah. Alternate translation: “who came from the royal line of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 1 27 w9tm writing-participants τὸ ὄνομα τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ 1 the name of the virgin was Mary This introduces Mary as a new character in the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 1 27 l041 translate-names Μαριάμ 1 Mary This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 28 i7h4 figs-idiom χαῖρε 1 Rejoice This word was used as a greeting. Alternate translation: “Greetings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 28 bp2n κεχαριτωμένη 1 favored one Alternate translation: “you who have received great grace” or “you who have received special kindness”
LUK 1 28 jmq9 figs-idiom ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ 1 The Lord is with you The expression **with you** is an idiom that indicates favor and acceptance. Alternate translation: “The Lord is pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 29 l042 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ 1 by his words Luke is using the term **words** figuratively to mean what Gabriel said by using words. Alternate translation: “by what he said” or “when he said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 29 ytx7 διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς οὗτος 1 she was considering what kind of greeting this might be Alternate translation: “she wondered why an angel would greet her in this way”
LUK 1 30 l043 grammar-connect-logic-result μὴ φοβοῦ, Μαριάμ; εὗρες γὰρ χάριν παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “God is showing you his kindness, Mary, so you do not need to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 30 d3rx figs-imperative μὴ φοβοῦ 1 Do not be afraid While the angel speaks these words in the form of a command, he is actually telling Mary something that he thinks will help and encourage her. Alternate translation: “You do not need to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 1 30 a3eb figs-activepassive εὗρες…χάριν παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 you have found favor with God If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God is showing you his kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 31 l044 figs-metaphor καὶ ἰδοὺ 1 And behold As in [1:20](../01/20.md), **behold** is a term that focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 31 fi5q figs-explicitinfo συνλήμψῃ ἐν γαστρὶ, καὶ τέξῃ υἱόν 1 you will conceive in your womb and bear a son The phrase **conceive in your womb** might seem to express unnecessary extra information, and so if you represent all of it in your language, that might not seem natural. However, the details are important here. The expression emphasizes that Jesus was a human son born of a human mother. So be sure to translate this expression in a way that conveys that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 1 31 l045 figs-declarative καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν 1 you will call his name Jesus As in [1:13](../01/13.md), Gabriel is using a statement as a command in order to tell Mary what to do. Alternate translation: “You are to name him Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 1 31 l046 figs-idiom καλέσεις τὸὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν 1 call his name Jesus As in [1:13](../01/13.md), **call his name** is an idiom that means to give a child a name. Alternate translation: “name him Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 31 l047 translate-names Ἰησοῦν 1 Jesus This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 32 l048 figs-idiom κληθήσεται Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 He…will be called the Son of the Most High To **be called** is an idiom that means “to be.” (This idiom occurs three times in this episode and in a few other places in the book, such as [1:76](../01/76.md), [2:23](../02/23.md), and [15:19](../15/19.md).) Alternate translation: “He will be the Son of the Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 32 hl55 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples κληθήσεται Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 He…will be called the Son of the Most High Gabriel is not saying only that **Son of the Most High** is a title by which Jesus will be known. Instead, just as the previous verse described how Jesus was a human son born of a human mother, his statement here indicates that Jesus was also the divine Son of a divine Father. You may want to show this by employing capitalization or whatever other convention your language uses to indicate divinity. Alternate translation: “He will be the Son of the Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 1 32 ip26 figs-activepassive κληθήσεται Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 He…will be called the Son of the Most High If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “He will be the Son of the Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 32 z74z figs-idiom Ὑψίστου 1 the Most High This is an idiomatic way of referring to God, as the fuller expression “the Most High God” in [8:38](../08/38.md) shows. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the phrase that way in order to explain its meaning. Or, you could simply reproduce the phrase in the simpler form in which it occurs here in order to show your readers one of the ways in which the people of this time referred to God. Alternate translation: “the Most High God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 32 lwd9 figs-metonymy δώσει αὐτῷ…τὸν θρόνον Δαυεὶδ, τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 will give to him the throne of his father David The **throne** figuratively represents a king’s authority to rule. Alternate translation: “will give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 32 l049 figs-metaphor δώσει αὐτῷ…τὸν θρόνον Δαυεὶδ, τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 will give to him the throne of his father David The term **father** here figuratively means “ancestor,” but since a line of kings is in view, it also indicates that Jesus will be a successor to David. Alternate translation: “will give him authority to rule as a successor to his ancestor David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 33 l050 figs-parallelism βασιλεύσει…εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας; καὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἔσται τέλος 1 he will reign…to the ages, and there will be no end of his kingdom These two phrases mean similar things. Gabriel uses them together to emphasize how certain it is that Jesus will always rule. Because Gabriel is making a proclamation, he is speaking in a form much like poetry. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and**, in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “he will rule…forever, yes, his kingship will always continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 33 l051 figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκον Ἰακὼβ 1 the house of Jacob In this expression, the word **house** figuratively describes all the people descended from a particular person, in this case Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 33 l052 translate-names Ἰακὼβ 1 Jacob This is the name of a man. Luke uses it a few more times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 33 l053 figs-idiom εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας 1 to the ages This is an idiom. The term **ages** means long periods of time. Alternate translation: “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 33 q516 figs-litotes τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἔσται τέλος 1 there will be no end of his kingship This is a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “his kingship will always continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 1 33 l054 figs-abstractnouns τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἔσται τέλος 1 there will be no end of his kingship The abstract noun **kingship** refers to the action of a king reigning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind this word with a verb such as “reign.” Alternate translation: “he will always continue to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 1 34 cf3b figs-explicit πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο 1 How will this be The implication is that even though Mary did not understand how this could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. This is clear from the way that Gabriel responds positively and encouragingly to her, by contrast to the way he rebuked Zechariah in [1:18](../01/18.md) for his similar-sounding question. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I believe you, though I do not understand how this could happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 34 fqt7 figs-euphemism ἄνδρα οὐ γινώσκω 1 I have not known a man Mary uses a polite expression to say that she had not engaged in sexual activity. Alternate translation: “I am a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 1 35 l055 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν 1 answering the angel said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that the angel responded to the question that Mary asked. Alternate translation: “the angel responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 1 35 l056 figs-parallelism Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ δύναμις Ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι 1 The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you These two phrases mean similar things. Once again Gabriel is speaking in a form much like Hebrew poetry. It would be good here as well to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a term other than **and**, in order to show that the second phrase is repeating and clarifying the meaning of the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit will come to you, yes, the power of God will cover you like a shadow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 35 x53s figs-metaphor δύναμις Ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι 1 the power of the Most High will overshadow you It was the **power** of God that would supernaturally cause Mary to become pregnant even while she still remained a virgin. It is not clear exactly how this happened, since Gabriel speaks figuratively as if God’s power had a shadow in order to describe it. But make sure that your translation does not imply that there was any physical or sexual union involved. This was a miracle. It might work well to retain Gabriel’s language and change the metaphor to a simile. Alternate translation: “the power of the Most High will cover you like a shadow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 35 l057 figs-idiom Ὑψίστου 1 the Most High See how you translated the expression **the Most High** in [1:32](../01/32.md). Alternate translation: “the Most High God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 35 l058 figs-idiom διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον Ἅγιον κληθήσεται, Υἱὸς Θεοῦ 1 Therefore, the holy one who will be born will be called the Son of God As in [1:32](../01/32.md), to **be called** is an idiom that means “to be.” Alternate translation: “Therefore, this holy baby will be the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 35 k866 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον Ἅγιον κληθήσεται, Υἱὸς Θεοῦ 1 Therefore, the holy one who will be born will be called the Son of God Gabriel is not saying only that **Son of God** is a title by which Jesus will be known. Instead, this is a further statement that Jesus would be the divine Son of a divine Father. (Gabriel says **Therefore**, indicating that this will be the result of the process he has just described.) You may want to show this by employing capitalization or whatever other convention your language uses to indicate divinity. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this holy baby will be the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 1 35 vrz6 figs-activepassive τὸ γεννώμενον Ἅγιον κληθήσεται, Υἱὸς Θεοῦ 1 the holy one who will be born will be called the Son of God If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “this holy baby will be the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 35 l059 figs-parallelism τὸ γεννώμενον Ἅγιον κληθήσεται, Υἱὸς Θεοῦ 1 the holy one who will be born will be called the Son of God Depending on how the Greek is understood, this could be another parallel statement. Alternate translation: “The one who will be born will be holy. Yes, he will be the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 36 lx9k figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold This term focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Consider this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 36 f88l καὶ αὐτὴ συνείληφεν υἱὸν ἐν γήρει αὐτῆς 1 she also has conceived a son in her old age Make sure that your translation does not make it does not sound as if both Mary and Elizabeth were old when they conceived. Alternate translation: “she has also become pregnant with a son, even though she is already very old”
LUK 1 36 hck2 figs-idiom οὗτος μὴν ἕκτος ἐστὶν αὐτῇ 1 this is the sixth month for her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she is now in the sixth month of her pregnancy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 36 l060 figs-idiom τῇ καλουμένῃ στείρᾳ 1 who was called barren This is a further use of the idiom also found in [1:32](../01/32.md) and [1:35](../01/35.md) in which “to be called” means “to be.” Alternate translation: “who was not able to have children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 37 v42f grammar-connect-logic-result For 1 ὅτι This word indicates that the sentence it introduces explains the reason for what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “This shows that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 37 g7yt figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα 1 every word will not be impossible for God If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “God is able to do anything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 1 37 l061 figs-metonymy οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα 1 every word will not be impossible for God The term **word** has two possible meanings here. (1) Since Mary uses the same term figuratively in the next verse to describe the message that Gabriel has brought from God, Gabriel may be using it to mean that message as well. Alternate translation: “God is able to do anything he says” (2) Gabriel may be using the term in a general sense to mean “thing.” Alternate translation: “everything is possible with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 38 tef1 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold **Behold** here means more literally “look,” that is, “Look at me,” by which Mary means, “This is who I am.” Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 38 kw3g figs-metaphor ἡ δούλη Κυρίου 1 the female servant of the Lord By describing herself as a **servant**, Mary is responding humbly and willingly. She is not boasting about being in the Lord’s service. Choose an expression in your language that will show her humility and obedience to the Lord. Alternate translation: “someone who will gladly serve the Lord in any way he wishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 38 b9ax γένοιτό μοι 1 May it happen to me Once again Mary is expressing her willingness for the things to happen that the angel has told her about. Alternative translation: “I am willing for these things to happen to me”
LUK 1 38 l062 figs-metonymy κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου 1 according to your word The term **word** here figuratively describes the message that Gabriel has brought. Alternate translation: “just as you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 39 ka5b writing-newevent δὲ…ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις 1 Then…in those days This time reference sets the stage for a new episode in the story. Alternate translation: “Around that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 39 l063 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις 1 in those days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “Around that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 39 wj5i figs-idiom ἀναστᾶσα 1 arose This is an idiom that means not just that Mary stood up, but that she took action to get an enterprise under way. Alternate translation: “started out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 39 sii5 figs-explicit τὴν ὀρινὴν 1 the hill country This was an area of high hills extending south from the Jerusalem area to the Negev desert. Alternate translation: “the hilly area south of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 40 ee51 figs-explicit εἰσῆλθεν εἰς 1 entered into The implication is that Mary finished her journey before she went in to Zechariah’s house. This could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Once she arrived, she went inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 41 bx82 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 41 v99g writing-pronouns ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ αὐτῆς 1 in her womb The word **her** refers to Elizabeth. Alternate translation: “in Elizabeth’s womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 1 41 ya5v figs-metaphor ἐσκίρτησεν 1 leaped Luke says that Elizabeth’s baby **leaped**, but this was not literally possible. The expression refers figuratively to the baby making a sudden movement in response to the sound of Mary’s voice. Alternate translation: “moved suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 41 l064 figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθη Πνεύματος Ἁγίου ἡ Ἐλεισάβετ 1 Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled Elizabeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 41 l065 figs-metaphor ἐπλήσθη Πνεύματος Ἁγίου ἡ Ἐλεισάβετ 1 Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit Luke speaks figuratively as if Elizabeth was a container that the Holy Spirit filled. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit empowered Elizabeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 42 r4ka figs-hendiadys ἀνεφώνησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εἶπεν 1 she exclaimed in a loud voice and said The expression **exclaimed … and said** expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **exclaimed** indicates that what was **said** was an exclamation. Alternate translation: “she said loudly and excitedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 1 42 f69c figs-idiom φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 in a loud voice This is an idiom that means Elizabeth raised the volume of her voice. Alternate translation: “loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 42 t5e8 figs-idiom ἐν γυναιξίν 1 among women The expression **among women** is an idiom that means “more than any other woman.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 42 bnl2 figs-metaphor ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου 1 the fruit of your womb Elizabeth speaks figuratively of Mary’s baby as if he were the fruit that a plant or tree produces. Alternate translation: “the baby you are carrying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 43 k63f figs-rquestion καὶ πόθεν μοι τοῦτο, ἵνα ἔλθῃ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Κυρίου μου πρὸς ἐμέ? 1 And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? Elizabeth is not asking for information. She is using a question form to show how surprised and happy she is that Mary has come to visit her. Alternate translation: “How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to visit me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 1 43 l066 figs-idiom καὶ πόθεν μοι τοῦτο 1 And whence is this to me This expression means, “Where did this come from to me?” It is an idiom for describing something as wonderful and unexpected. Alternate translation: “How wonderful it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 43 tiu4 figs-123person ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 the mother of my Lord Elizabeth is referring to Mary in the third person. You could make this clear by adding the word “you” in your translation. Alternate translation: “you, the mother of my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 1 44 uq3j figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 For behold The term **behold** focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. This phrase alerts Mary to pay attention to Elizabeth’s surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 44 h54t figs-metaphor ὡς ἐγένετο ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου 1 as soon as the sound of your greeting was in my ears Elizabeth is using the term **ears** to mean hearing, and hearing figuratively means recognition. Alternate translation: “as soon as I heard your voice and realized that it was you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 44 u9db figs-metaphor ἐσκίρτησεν ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει 1 leaped for joy As in [1:41](../01/41.md), **leaped** is a figurative way of referring to sudden movement. Alternate translation: “moved suddenly because he was so happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 45 kf73 figs-123person ἡ πιστεύσασα…τοῖς λελαλημένοις αὐτῇ παρὰ Κυρίου 1 she who believed…the things that were spoken to her from the Lord Elizabeth is speaking to Mary, and these phrases describe Mary, but Elizabeth nevertheless speaks of her in the third person. She does this perhaps as a sign of respect, since she has just identified Mary as “the mother of my Lord.” Alternate translation: “you who believed…the message that the Lord sent you”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 1 45 gc1e figs-activepassive ἔσται τελείωσις τοῖς λελαλημένοις αὐτῇ παρὰ Κυρίου 1 that there would be a fulfillment of the things that were spoken toherfromthe Lord If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “that the Lord would do everything he sent the angel to tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 45 g8rc figs-explicit ἔσται τελείωσις τοῖς λελαλημένοις αὐτῇ παρὰ Κυρίου 1 that there would be a fulfillment of the things that were spoken toherfromthe Lord Elizabeth uses the word **from** here, instead of “by,” because Mary actually heard the angel Gabriel speak (see [1:26](../01/26.md)), but the things he spoke ultimately came from the Lord. Alternate translation: “that the Lord would do everything he sent the angel to tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 46 vxj4 figs-synecdoche μεγαλύνει ἡ ψυχή μου 1 My soul magnifies The word **soul** refers to the inmost part of a person. Mary uses it here to refer to all of herself. Mary is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. Alternate translation: “From the depths of my being, I praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 1 47 jp51 figs-synecdoche ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου 1 and my spirit has rejoiced The word **spirit** also refers to the inner part of a person. Alternate translation: “yes, with everything inside of me, I rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 1 47 l067 figs-parallelism ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου 1 and my spirit has rejoiced This statement is parallel to the one in the previous verse. Mary is speaking in poetry. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it might be good to show that to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. Alternate translation: “yes, with everything inside of me, I rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 47 hgz7 figs-idiom ἠγαλλίασεν 1 has rejoiced Mary is speaking idiomatically as if something she is presently doing happened in the past. Alternate translation: “is celebrating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 48 zhr5 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For This word introduces the reason for what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “And this is why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 48 k3fv figs-idiom ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ 1 looked upon As in [1:25](../01/25.md), **looked upon** is an idiom that means “shown regard for.” Alternate translation: “kindly chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 48 tg6y figs-metonymy τὴν ταπείνωσιντῆς δούλης αὐτοῦ 1 the low condition of his female servant Mary is speaking of her **low condition** figuratively to mean herself. Alternate translation: “me to serve him, even though I am not very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 48 gsy2 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 For behold The term **behold** focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Just think!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 48 l37l figs-metonymy πᾶσαι αἱ γενεαί 1 all generations Mary uses the term **generations** figuratively to mean the people who will be born in all future generations. Alternate translation: “the people of all future generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 49 xng2 figs-metonymy ὁ δυνατός 1 the Mighty One Mary is describing God figuratively here by one of his attributes. Alternate translation: “God, who is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 49 ze9y figs-metonymy ἅγιον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 his name is holy Mary is using the term **name** figuratively to mean God’s reputation, and the reputation figuratively represents God himself. Alternate translation: “he deserves to be treated with complete respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 50 ijs2 figs-idiom εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεὰς 1 is unto generation and generation This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “extends to every generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 50 l068 figs-idiom τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν 1 those who fear him In this context, to **fear** does not mean to be afraid, but to show respect and reverence. Alternate translation: “those who honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 51 pb8u figs-metonymy ἐποίησεν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ 1 He has done mighty deeds with his arm Mary is using the term **arm** figuratively to represent God’s power. Alternate translation: “He has demonstrated that he is very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 51 s51c figs-metaphor διεσκόρπισεν 1 he has scattered The word **scattered** figuratively describes how thoroughly God has defeated all who opposed him. The word creates a picture of God’s enemies fleeing in every direction, unable to arrange an organized retreat. Alternate translation: “completely defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 51 nt8x figs-metaphor ὑπερηφάνους διανοίᾳ καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 those who are proud in the thoughts of their hearts The term **hearts** figuratively represents the will and affections of these people. Alternate translation: “who cherishe proud thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 52 ty2j figs-metonymy καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀπὸ θρόνων 1 He has thrown down rulers from their thrones A **throne** is a chair that a ruler sits on, and it is a symbol associated with authority. If a ruler is brought down from his throne, that means he no longer has the authority to reign. Alternate translation: “He has deposed rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 52 l069 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 and This word indicates a contrast between what this phrase describes and what the previous phrase described. Try to make the contrast between these opposite actions clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “but”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 1 52 ee3q figs-metaphor ὕψωσεν ταπεινούς 1 he has raised up the lowly In this word picture, people who are more important are depicted as higher up than people who are less important. Alternate translation: “he has given important roles to humble people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 52 yuu2 figs-nominaladj ταπεινούς 1 the lowly Mary is using this adjective as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “humble people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 1 53 z2he grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 but This word once again indicates a contrast between what this phrase describes and what the previous phrase described. Try to make the contrast between these opposite actions as clear as possible in your translation here as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 1 54 d8g6 translate-versebridge 0 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [1:54](../01/54.md) and [1:55](../01/55.md) into a verse bridge, as UST does, in order to keep the information about Israel together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
LUK 1 54 l070 figs-personification Ἰσραὴλ 1 Israel Mary is referring figuratively to all of the people of Israel as if they were a single person, their ancestor, **Israel**. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 1 54 g5u1 figs-metaphor παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 his servant The term **servant** refers figuratively to the special role that God gave to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “his chosen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 54 hyt3 figs-idiom μνησθῆναι ἐλέους 1 to remember his mercy In this context, this phrase figuratively refers to God thinking about a person or group and considering what action he can take on their behalf. It does not suggest that God had ever forgotten to be merciful. Alternate translation: “in order to be merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 55 qc9k figs-metaphor καθὼς ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν 1 as he spoke to our fathers The word **fathers** here figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “just as he promised to our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 55 l071 translate-names Ἀβραὰμ 1 Abraham This is the name of a man. It occurs several times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 1 55 by4a figs-metaphor τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ 1 to his seed The term **seed** figuratively means “offspring.” It is a word picture. Just as plants produce seeds that grow into many more plants, so people can have many offspring. Alternate translation: “to his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 55 l072 figs-idiom εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα 1 to the age This is an idiom. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:33](../01/33.md). Alternate translation: “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 56 l073 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ 1 and Luke uses this word to indicate that the event of Mary returning home happened after the event of Mary staying with Elizabeth for three months. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 1 56 nt87 writing-pronouns ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτῆς 1 returned to her house The word **her** refers to Mary. Be sure that it is clear in your translation that Mary returned to her own home. She did not stay for three months, leave for a time, and then return to Elizabeth’s home. Alternate translation: “Mary went back to her own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 1 57 hfk3 grammar-connect-time-sequential δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate that this event took place after the events he has just described. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 1 57 l074 figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθη ὁ χρόνος 1 the time was fulfilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “it was time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 57 dd2i τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 1 for her to deliver Your language may require you to state the object of **deliver**. Alternate translation: “for her to deliver her baby” or “for her to have her baby”
LUK 1 58 j2xc figs-metaphor ἐμεγάλυνεν…τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτῆς 1 had magnified his mercy to her Luke speaks figuratively as if God had made his mercy bigger towards Elizabeth. Alternate translation: “had shown great kindness to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 58 l075 figs-explicit ἐμεγάλυνεν…τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτῆς 1 had magnified his mercy to her The implication is that God’s great kindness to Elizabeth was to enable her to have a baby. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “had shown great kindness to her by enabling her to have a baby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 59 f4ul writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 59 l076 translate-unknown ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ 1 on the eighth day This expression refers to **the eighth day** of the baby’s life, reckoning the day he was born as the first day. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate this expression according to the way your own culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “when the baby was one week old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 1 59 gm1k translate-ordinal ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ 1 on the eighth day If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “on day 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 1 59 ya7d figs-explicit ἦλθον περιτεμεῖν τὸ παιδίον 1 they came to circumcise the child In this culture, family and friends often came to celebrate with the family when a baby was circumcised. This ceremony showed that the baby was a member of the community that was in a special relationship with God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the family and friends of Zechariah and Elizabeth came for the baby’s circumcision ceremony, when he would be acknowledged as a member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 59 ip8w figs-idiom ἐκάλουν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, Ζαχαρίαν 1 theywere going to call him after the name of his father, Zechariah As in [1:13](../01/13.md) and [1:31](../01/31.md), to **call** the name of a child is an idiom meaning to give a child a name. Alternate translation: “they were going to give him the same name as his father, Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 60 l077 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεῖσα ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ εἶπεν 1 answering his mother said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that John’s mother responded to the intention of her family and friends to name the baby Zechariah. Alternate translation: “his mother responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 1 60 l078 figs-activepassive κληθήσεται 1 hewillbecalled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “we are going to name him John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 61 t4e7 figs-explicit οὐδείς ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου, ὃς καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ 1 There is no one among your relatives who is called by this name The expression **this name** means specifically the name John. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could put the actual name in your translation. Alternate translation: “None of your relatives is named John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 61 l079 figs-activepassive καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ 1 is called by this name If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “has the name John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 62 ium2 figs-explicit ἐνένευον…τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 they made signs to his father Zechariah may have been unable both to speak and to hear, but Gabriel only told him that he would be unable to speak, so it is more likely that the people simply assumed he could not hear because he was not speaking. If you think your readers might wonder why the people made signs to Zechariah, you could offer an explanation. Alternate translation: “because Zechariah was not speaking, the people thought he could not hear as well, so they made signs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 62 w3kq figs-activepassive τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό 1 as to what he wanted him to be called If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “to ask him what name he wanted to give the baby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 63 gn28 figs-explicit αἰτήσας 1 asking for It may be helpful to suggest how Zechariah was **asking**, since he could not speak. Alternate translation: “making signs with his hands to show that he wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 63 qu93 translate-unknown πινακίδιον 1 a writing tablet This was a wooden **tablet** covered with wax. A person would use a stylus (that is, something with a sharp point) to write in the wax. The wax could later be smoothed out and the tablet could be used again. If your readers might not recognize this object, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “something to write on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 1 64 sdg1 figs-parallelism ἀνεῴχθη…τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ…καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτοῦ 1 his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed These two phrases mean the same thing. Luke uses them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “he became able to speak once again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 64 l080 figs-metonymy ἀνεῴχθη…τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ…καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτοῦ 1 his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed Each of these phrases figuratively describes the act of speaking by referring to something associated with speech coming into action, specifically, the mouth opening and the tongue moving about freely. Alternate translation: “he became able to speak once again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 64 mi2u figs-activepassive ἀνεῴχθη…τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ…καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτοῦ 1 his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. You could also say who did the action. Alternate translation: “he became able to speak once again” or “God enabled him to speak once again” or, if you want to use the figurative language, “God opened his mouth and freed his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 65 l081 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And This word introduces the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 1 65 qw1j figs-personification ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πάντας φόβος 1 fear came on all those who lived around them As in [1:12](../01/12.md), Luke describes fear here figuratively as if it were something that could actively come upon people. Alternate translation: “all those who lived around them were in awe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 1 65 l082 figs-idiom ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πάντας φόβος 1 fear came on all those who lived around them In this context, **fear** does not mean to be afraid, but to have respect and reverence. Alternate translation: “all those who lived around them were in awe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 65 l083 figs-explicit ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πάντας φόβος 1 fear came on all those who lived around them It may be helpful to state clearly why the people responded in this way. Alternate translation: “all those who lived around them were in awe of God because of what he had done in the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 65 g7uh figs-hyperbole πάντας…τοὺς περιοικοῦντας αὐτούς… ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ὀρεινῇ 1 all those who lived around them…throughout all the hill country Luke uses the word **all** twice here as an generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the people who lived around them…widely throughout that area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 1 65 pz97 figs-activepassive διελαλεῖτο πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 1 all these matters were being talked about If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “people talked about all these matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 66 c7xf figs-ellipsis ἔθεντο πάντες οἱ ἀκούσαντες ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν 1 all who heard stored in their hearts Luke is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. Alternate translation: “all who heard these things stored them in their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 1 66 l6lt figs-metaphor ἔθεντο…ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν 1 stored in their hearts Luke is speaking figuratively of **hearts** as places where thoughts and memories can be stored safely. His expression describes people thinking things over carefully in order to understand them and retain them. Alternate translation: “thought carefully about these matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 66 dgq4 figs-rquestion τί ἄρα τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο ἔσται? 1 What then will this child become? The people who said this were likely not asking a question, expecting someone to tell them what the child would become. Rather, they were making a statement about what the events of the child’s birth had led them to believe about his destiny. So you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “What a great man this child will become!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 1 66 xm9c figs-metaphor χεὶρ Κυρίου ἦν μετ’ αὐτοῦ 1 the hand of the Lord was with him In this expression, the **hand** figuratively represents strength and power. Alternate translation: “the Lord’s power was helping him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 67 lvd6 figs-activepassive Ζαχαρίας…ἐπλήσθη Πνεύματος Ἁγίου 1 Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 67 l084 figs-metaphor Ζαχαρίας…ἐπλήσθη Πνεύματος Ἁγίου 1 Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit Luke speaks figuratively as if Zechariah was a container that the Holy Spirit filled. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit inspired Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 67 fs5y figs-quotations ἐπροφήτευσεν λέγων 1 prophesied, saying Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “prophesied, and this is what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 1 68 l085 figs-personification ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the God of Israel Luke is referring figuratively to the Israelites as if they were a single person, their ancestor, **Israel**. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 1 68 jx5n figs-explicit ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the God of Israel If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the relationship between God and Israel more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the God whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 68 d67v figs-idiom ἐπεσκέψατο…τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ 1 he has visited…his people The term **visited** is an idiom here. Alternate translation: “he has come to help…his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 69 g11u figs-metonymy ἤγειρεν κέρας σωτηρίας ἡμῖν 1 he has raised up a horn of salvation for us An animal’s **horn** is associated with its strength, and so Zechariah is using the term figuratively as a symbol for a ruler, by association with the power and authority a ruler has. Alternate translation: “he has brought us a ruler who will have the power to save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 69 l086 figs-metaphor ἤγειρεν 1 he has raised up In this context, **raised up** means brought into existence or enabled to act. Alternate translation: “he has brought us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 69 fb9f figs-metonymy ἐν οἴκῳ Δαυεὶδ, παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 in the house of his servant David David’s **house** figuratively represents his family and all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of his servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 69 l087 figs-explicit ἐν οἴκῳ Δαυεὶδ, παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 in the house of his servant David The implication is that as a descendant of David, this ruler will be an eligible successor to him as the Messiah. Alternate translation: “who is from the royal line of his servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 69 l088 figs-metaphor Δαυεὶδ, παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 in the house of his servant David David was not actually a servant, he was a king. The emphasis in the word **servant** here is on how David served God faithfully in that capacity. Alternate translation: “who is from the royal line of David, who served him faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 70 x1q1 figs-metonymy ἐλάλησεν διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων…προφητῶν αὐτοῦ 1 he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets God speaking by the **mouth** of the **prophets** represents God inspiring them to say what he wanted them to say. Alternate translation: “he inspired his holy prophets to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 70 l089 figs-idiom ἀπ’ αἰῶνος 1 from an age This is an idiom. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:33](../01/33.md). Alternate translation: “a long time ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 71 d13g figs-abstractnouns σωτηρίαν ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν 1 salvation from our enemies If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save” or “rescue.” It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He will save us from our enemies” or “He will rescue us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 1 71 aye3 figs-doublet ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν, καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων τῶν μισούντων ἡμᾶς 1 from our enemies and from the hand of all those who hate us These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Zechariah may be using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “from the domination of our enemies who hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 1 71 c6n9 figs-metonymy χειρὸς 1 hand The **hand** figuratively represents the power that a person uses the hand to exercise. Alternate translation: “domination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 72 w97a figs-parallelism ποιῆσαι ἔλεος μετὰ τῶν πατέρωνἡμῶν καὶ μνησθῆναι διαθήκης ἁγίας αὐτοῦ 1 to show mercy to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant The two phrases in this verse say basically the same thing. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including the content of both phrases in your translation. Alternate translation: “to show kindness to our ancestors by fulfilling the special agreement he made with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 1 72 l090 figs-explicit ποιῆσαι ἔλεος μετὰ τῶν πατέρωνἡμῶν καὶ μνησθῆναι διαθήκης ἁγίας αὐτοῦ 1 to show mercy to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant If the connection between these phrases might be confusing, you could say explicitly how God was showing mercy to the ancestors. Alternate translation: “to show kindness to our ancestors by fulfilling for us the special agreement he made with them, because we are their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 72 l091 figs-metaphor ποιῆσαι ἔλεος μετὰ τῶν πατέρωνἡμῶν 1 to show mercy to our fathers The term **fathers** here figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “to show kindness to our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 72 z5wj figs-idiom καὶ μνησθῆναι διαθήκης ἁγίαςαὐτοῦ 1 and to remember his holy covenant In this context, the term **remember** figuratively describes God thinking about the Israelites and considering what action he can take on their behalf. It does not suggest that God had forgotten about them. Alternate translation: “by fulfilling the special agreement he made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 73 l092 figs-metaphor Ἀβραὰμ,τὸν πατέρα ἡμῶν 1 Abraham, our father The term **father** here figuratively means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “our ancestor Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 73 sk92 figs-metaphor τοῦ δοῦναι ἡμῖν 1 to grant to us Zechariah is using the term **grant**, meaning to “give,” in an idiomatic sense. Alternate translation: “to make it possible for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 74 f4e4 figs-activepassive ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν ῥυσθέντας 1 having been delivered out of the hand of our enemies If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “after he has rescued us from the power of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 74 gm55 figs-metonymy ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν 1 out of the hand of our enemies The **hand** figuratively represents the power that a person uses the hand to exercise. Alternate translation: “from the domination of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 74 v55j figs-explicit ἀφόβως 1 fearlessly The implication is that if the Israelites were still under enemy domination, they would be afraid of what their enemies might do to them if they worshipped and obeyed the Lord. Alternate translation: “without being afraid of what our enemies might do to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 75 l5n2 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁσιότητι καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ 1 in holiness and righteousness If it would be clearer in your language, you can express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **holiness** and **righteousness** with adjectives. Alternate translation: “doing what is holy and righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 1 75 tn5i figs-idiom ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 before him This is an idiom that means “in his presence,” and that suggests being in relationship with God. Alternate translation: “in relationship with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 75 l093 figs-idiom πάσαις ταῖς ἡμέραιςἡμῶν 1 all our days Zechariah uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular period of time. Alternate translation: “for our whole lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 76 f6r1 figs-explicit καὶ σὺ δέ, παιδίον 1 And indeed, you, child Zechariah uses this phrase to begin his direct address to his son. In your translation, you can indicate the change from Zechariah talking about God to Zechariah talking to John in the way that is most appropriate and natural in your language. It may be clearest to indicate this change explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Zechariah said to his son John, ‘And as for you, my child’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 76 l094 figs-idiom προφήτης…κληθήσῃ 1 you…will be called a prophet As in [1:32](../01/76.md), to **be called** is an idiom that means “to be.” Review the note there if that would be helpful. Zechariah is not saying that John will simply have the reputation of being a prophet. Alternate translation: “you…will be a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 76 h2vh figs-activepassive προφήτης…κληθήσῃ 1 you…will be called a prophet If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “you…will be a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 76 bb3g figs-idiom Ὑψίστου 1 the Most High See how you translated the expression **the Most High** in [1:32](../01/32.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “the Most High God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 76 de7t figs-idiom προπορεύσῃ…ἐνώπιον Κυρίου 1 you will go before the Lord As in [1:17](../01/17.md), to **go before** is an idiom that indicates that before the Lord comes, John will announce to the people that the Lord is going to come to them. Alternate translation: “you will announce that the Lord is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 76 l095 figs-metaphor ἑτοιμάσαι ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 to prepare his paths Zechariah is using the imagery of **paths** figuratively to indicate that John will prepare the people to listen to the Lord’s message and believe it. Alternate translation: “to get the people ready for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 77 l096 figs-abstractnouns τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν σωτηρίας τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ, ἐν ἀφέσει ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν 1 to give the knowledge of salvation to his people through the forgiveness of their sins If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **salvation** and **forgiveness** with the verbs “save” and “forgive.” Alternate translation: “to teach God’s people that he wants to save them by forgiving their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 1 77 t6d3 figs-metonymy τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν σωτηρίας τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ 1 to give the knowledge of salvation to his people The phrase **to give…knowledge** is a figurative description of teaching. Alternate translation: “to teach God’s people that he wants to save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 78 z861 figs-metaphor ἀνατολὴ ἐξ ὕψους 1 the sunrise from heaven Zechariah speaks of the coming of the Savior as if it will be a sunrise that will light up the earth. Alternate translation: “the Savior who comes from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 78 l097 figs-metonymy ἐξ ὕψους 1 from heaven Zechariah uses the term **heaven** to refer to God figuratively by association, since heaven is the abode of God. Alternate translation: “from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 78 l098 figs-idiom ἐπισκέψεται ἡμᾶς 1 will visit us As in [1:68](../01/68.md), **visit** is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will come to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 79 sh2q figs-metaphor ἐπιφᾶναι 1 to shine on As in [1:78](../01/78.md), light figuratively represents truth. Just as Zechariah described the Savior as like a sunrise in that verse, here he is describing the spiritual truth that the Savior will bring as if it will light up the earth. Alternate translation: “to show the truth to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 79 l099 figs-idiom τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις 1 those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death To **sit** in a place is an idiom that means to be in that place. Alternate translation: “people who are in darkness, yes, even in deep darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 79 k46q figs-idiom τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις 1 those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death The **shadow of death** is an idiom that describes deep darkness. Alternate translation: “people who are in darkness, yes, even in deep darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 79 l100 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις 1 those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death Since light figuratively represents truth, **darkness** represents the absence of spiritual truth. Alternate translation: “people who do not know the truth, who do not know it at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 79 cnh7 figs-doublet τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις 1 those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness that people are in before God shows them mercy. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases. Alternate translation: “people who do not know the truth at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 1 79 s3eb figs-metaphor κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης 1 to guide our feet into the path of peace Zechariah is using the word **guide** figuratively to mean “teach,” and the expression **the path of peace** figuratively to represent living at peace with God. Alternate translation: “to teach us how to live at peace with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 79 l101 figs-synecdoche κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης 1 to guide our feet into the path of peace Zechariah is using the term **feet** figuratively to represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “to teach us how to live at peace with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 1 80 q2ax writing-newevent δὲ 1 And This word introduces the next part of the story. In this verse, Luke describes a few transitional events in order to move quickly from the birth of John to the beginning of his ministry as an adult. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 1 80 a8bz ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι 1 became strong in spirit This expression could mean one of two things. (1) As in [1:47](../01/47.md), the word **spirit** could mean the inner part of a person. Alternate translation: “he developed a strong character” (2) Luke could be describing how God kept the promise that Gabriel made to Zechariah in [1:15](../01/15.md), that the Holy Spirit would empower his son. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit empowered him”
LUK 1 80 eh9j figs-explicit ἦν ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις 1 he was in the wilderness This expression means implicitly that John went to live there. Luke does not say at what age John did this. Alternate translation: “he went to live in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 1 80 qu12 ἕως ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ 1 until the day of his public appearance The term **until** does not indicate a stopping point. John continued to live out in the wilderness even after he started preaching publicly. In your translation, be sure that this is clear to your readers. Alternate translation: “through the time when he began to preach in public”
LUK 1 80 ie4l figs-idiom ἡμέρας ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ 1 the day of his public appearance Luke uses the term **day** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “the time when he began to preach in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 80 l102 figs-personification πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ 1 to Israel Luke is referring to all of the Israelites figuratively as if they were a single person, their ancestor, **Israel**. Alternate translation: “to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 2 intro dw6t 0 # Luke 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus is born in the city of Bethlehem (2:1–20)<br>2. Joseph and Mary dedicate Jesus, and Simeon and Anna speak about him (2:21–40)<br>3. Jesus goes to Jerusalem with his parents for Passover (2:41–52)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. ULT does this with the poetry in the song of the angels about Jesus’ birth in 2:14 and in Simeon’s song about Jesus in 2:29–32.<br><br>## Important textual issues in this chapter<br><br>### “his father and mother”<br>In [2:33](../02/33.md), the most accurate ancient manuscripts read “his father and mother.” ULT follows that reading. Some other ancient manuscripts read “Joseph and his mother.” That reading indicates that Joseph was not the biological father of Jesus, since Mary conceived him as a virgin. However, Joseph was the adoptive father of Jesus, and so the reading “his father and mother” is not incorrect. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading in ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 2 1 c887 writing-newevent ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 1 in those days This time reference introduces a new event. Alternate translation: “around that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 2 1 l103 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 1 in those days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular period of time. Alternate translation: “around that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 1 e9m5 writing-newevent ἐγένετο 1 it happened that Luke uses this phrase to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that in your translation. If not, you may choose not to represent this phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 2 1 gda6 figs-personification ἐξῆλθεν δόγμα παρὰ 1 a decree went out from The **decree** did not go out by itself, even though Luke speaks figuratively as if it did. Messengers likely proclaimed the emperor’s command throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “sent out messengers with a decree ordering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 2 1 jtz3 writing-participants Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου 1 Caesar Augustus **Caesar** was the title of the emperor of the Roman Empire. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “King Augustus, who ruled the Roman Empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 2 1 l104 translate-names Αὐγούστου 1 Augustus **Augustus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 1 tk59 figs-explicit ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην 1 for all the world to register Luke assumes that his readers will know that this was for tax purposes. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that all the people living in the Roman Empire had to list their names on the tax rolls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 1 m39d figs-metonymy τὴν οἰκουμένην 1 the world The term **world** refers specifically to the part of the world that Caesar Augustus ruled. It is actually describing the people living in that part of the world figuratively by association to where they lived. Alternate translation: “the people living in the Roman Empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 2 q9zw translate-names Κυρηνίου 1 Quirinius This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 2 l105 translate-names Συρίας 1 Syria This is the name of one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 3 s4im writing-background ἐπορεύοντο πάντες 1 everyone was traveling Luke describes the registration as already in progress in order to account for why Joseph and Mary had to travel at this time, late in her pregnancy. Alternate translation: “everyone was going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 2 3 h5e2 figs-explicit εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν 1 to his own city This phrase refers to the city where a person’s family had originally lived. A person might have since moved to a different city. Alternate translation: “to the city that their families came from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 3 d64g figs-explicit ἀπογράφεσθαι 1 to register himself Alternate translation: “to provide their names for the tax rolls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 4 l106 grammar-connect-logic-result δὲ 1 And This word introduces the results of what the previous sentences described. Alternate translation: “And so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 2 4 l107 figs-idiom ἀνέβη 1 went up Luke says **went up** because Joseph had to go up into the mountains to travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem. Alternate translation: “traveled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 4 kz78 figs-explicit εἰς πόλιν Δαυεὶδ, ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ 1 to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem Bethlehem was known as **the city of David** because King David had come from there. Luke includes this detail because it indicates why Bethlehem was important, even though it was a small town. Not only had the line of David’s dynasty originated there, the prophet Micah had said that the future Messiah would be born there. Alternate translation: “to the town known as Bethlehem, where King David had come from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 4 l108 figs-activepassive ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ 1 which is called Bethlehem If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whose name is Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 4 l109 figs-hendiadys εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυείδ 1 he was of the houseandfamilylineofDavid Luke is expressing a single idea by using two terms, **house** and **family line**, connected with **and.** The term **family line** indicates the significance of Joseph being a descendant of David. It means that any son of his, natural or adopted, would be an eligible successor to King David as the Messiah. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning of these two terms with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “he was descended from the royal line of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 2 4 s7a7 figs-metaphor ἐξ οἴκου…Δαυείδ 1 of the house…ofDavid As in [1:27](../01/27.md), the word **house** figuratively describes all the people descended from a particular person. Alternate translation: “a descendant of King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 5 ktz2 grammar-connect-logic-result ἀπογράψασθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ, τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ 1 He registered himself with Mary, who was engaged to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because Mary was engaged to Joseph, she had to travel with him so that he could list their names together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 2 5 ne7a figs-explicit Μαριὰμ, τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ 1 Mary, who was engaged to him In this culture, an engaged couple was considered legally married, although there would not have been physical intimacy between them until after the wedding. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that. Alternate translation: “Mary, who was engaged to him and who was therefore considered his legal wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 5 l110 figs-activepassive τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ 1 who was engaged to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “who had promised to marry him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 6 qw6j writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that This phrase marks the beginning of the next event in the story. If your language has a similar expression that it uses to introduce an event, you can use it in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 2 6 w4is figs-explicit ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ 1 while they were there This phrase refers to Joseph and Mary being in Bethlehem. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “while Mary and Joseph were in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 6 zr62 figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 1 the days were fulfilled for her to deliver If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the time came for Mary to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 6 l111 figs-idiom αἱ ἡμέραι 1 the days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 6 l112 τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 1 for her to deliver Your language may require you to state the object of **deliver**. Alternate translation: “for her to deliver her baby” or “for her to have her baby”
LUK 2 7 l113 grammar-connect-logic-result ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ, διότι οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι 1 she wrapped him in strips of cloth and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn If it would be helpful to your readers, you could put the second phrase before the first one, since it gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because there was no guest room available for them, she wrapped cloths tightly around him and put him in a box that held hay for animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 2 7 qq48 figs-explicit ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν 1 wrapped him in strips of cloth In some cultures, mothers help their babies feel secure by wrapping them tightly in cloth or in a blanket. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly Alternate translation: “wrapped cloths tightly around him to make him feel secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 7 s97r translate-unknown ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ 1 laid him in a manger A **manger** was a box or frame in which people put hay or other food for animals to eat. It was most likely clean, and it may have had something soft and dry like hay in it that would have provided a cushion for the baby. In this culture, animals were often kept near a home to keep them safe and so that their owners could feed them easily. Mary and Joseph stayed in a space that was ordinarily used for animals for those reasons. Alternate translation: “put him in a box that held hay for animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 2 7 yj6j figs-explicit διότι οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι 1 there was no room for them in the inn There was probably **no room** because so many people had come to Bethlehem to register. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “there was no other place available for them to stay, because so many people had come there to register” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 7 l114 translate-unknown ἐν τῷ καταλύματι 1 in the inn This term could mean an inn where travelers stayed overnight. However, Luke uses the same term in [22:11](../22/11.md) to refer to a room in a house. So it could also mean “guest room.” Alternate translation: “there was no guest room available for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 2 8 l115 writing-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this term to introduce background information about some new characters. You can translate it with the word or phrase that serves the same purpose in your language. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 2 8 l116 writing-participants ποιμένες ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇαὐτῇ 1 there were shepherds in that area This phrase introduces new characters into the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “there were some shepherds living in that area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 2 9 x1y4 ἄγγελος Κυρίου 1 an angel of the Lord Alternate translation: “an angel sent from the Lord”
LUK 2 9 u2di ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς 1 stood before them Alternate translation: “came to the shepherds”
LUK 2 9 ca2k figs-explicit δόξα Κυρίου περιέλαμψεν αὐτούς 1 the glory of the Lord shone around them The implication is that a bright light appeared at the same time as the angel, expressing the magnificent presence of God that was accompanying his messenger. The **glory** of God is associated with light in the Bible, for example, “Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of Yahweh has risen on you,” Isaiah [60:1](../isa/60/01.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a bright light shone all around them, showing the glorious presence of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 9 l117 figs-idiom ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν 1 they feared a great fear This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they were extremely afraid” or “they were terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 10 hnr7 figs-imperative μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 Do not be afraid As in [1:13](../01/13.md), while the angel speaks these words in the form of a command, he is really telling the shepherds something to help and encourage them. Alternate translation: “You do not need to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 2 10 l118 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 for behold The term **behold** focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 10 pw8t εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην, ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 I bring you good news of great joy, which will be to all the people Alternate translation: “I have come to announce good news that will make all the people very happy”
LUK 2 10 adz8 figs-hyperbole παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 all the people This could mean one of two things. (1) The angel could mean all people. That is the reading of UST. Alternate translation: “all people everywhere” (2) This could be a figurative generalization that refers specifically to the Jewish people who would welcome Jesus as the Messiah. Alternate translation: “your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 2 11 l119 figs-activepassive ἐτέχθη ὑμῖν σήμερον Σωτὴρ 1 today has been born for you…a Savior If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “a Savior has been born for you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 11 z9m2 figs-explicit ἐν πόλει Δαυείδ 1 in the city of David This means Bethlehem. See the explanation in the note to [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 11 l120 figs-explicit ὅς ἐστιν Χριστὸς 1 who is Christ **Christ** is the Greek word for “Messiah.” Alternate translation: “who is the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 12 yj15 figs-explicit τοῦτο ὑμῖν τὸ σημεῖον 1 this will be the sign to you The implication is that God has provided this sign. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God has given you this sign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 12 snr9 figs-explicit ὑμῖν τὸ σημεῖον 1 the sign to you This could mean one of two things. (1) It could be a sign that would help the shepherds recognize the baby. Alternate translation: “this sign to help you find the newborn Messiah” (2) It could be a sign to prove that what the angel was saying was true. Alternate translation: “this sign to prove that what I am telling you is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 12 xx57 figs-explicit ἐσπαργανωμένον 1 wrapped in strips of cloth See how you translated this in expression in [2:7](../02/07.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “wrapped securely in cloths” or “wrapped comfortably in a blanket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 12 bua3 translate-unknown κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ 1 lying in a manger See how you translated the term **manger** in [2:7](../02/07.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “lying in a box that holds hay for animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 2 13 b54a figs-metaphor πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου 1 a multitude of the heavenly army This phrase could refer to a literal **army** of angels, or it could be speaking figuratively of a large organized group of angels. Alternate translation: “a large group of angels from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 13 e2gp figs-hendiadys αἰνούντων τὸν Θεὸν καὶ λεγόντων 1 praising God and saying Luke is expressing a single idea by using two verbs connected with **and.** The angels said these words in order to praise God. Alternate translation: “who praised God by saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 2 14 p1fm δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ 1 Glory in the highest to God This could mean one of two things. (1) The angels could be describing where God should receive honor. In that case **in the highest** would mean “in the highest place,” that is, “in heaven,” and the phrase would parallel “on earth.” Alternate translation: “Give honor to God in heaven” (2) The angels could be describing what kind of honor God should receive. Alternate translation: “Give the highest honor to God”
LUK 2 14 y2b3 ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας 1 among men of good pleasure This could mean one of two things. (1) This could be referring to God’s **good pleasure** with people. Alternate translation: “among people with whom God is pleased” (2) This could be referring to people who show **good pleasure** or “good will” to one another. Alternate translation: “among people of good will”
LUK 2 14 l121 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώποις 1 men The term **men** here has a generic meaning that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 2 15 au2m writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to mark a shift in the story, to what the shepherds did after the angels left. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 2 15 s4js figs-exclusive διέλθωμεν… ἴδωμεν…ἡμῖν 1 Let us…go… let us see…to us The shepherds are speaking to one another, so if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive **us**, use the inclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 2 16 l122 figs-hendiadys ἦλθον σπεύσαντες 1 they went hastening The two verbs **went** and **hastening** express a single idea. The word **hastening** tells how they **went**. Alternate translation: “they went quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 2 16 rdi2 translate-unknown κείμενον ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ 1 lying in the manger See how you translated the term **manger** in [2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “lying in a box that holds hay for animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 2 17 n2qz figs-activepassive τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ λαληθέντος αὐτοῖς 1 the message that had been told to them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “what the angels had told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 18 vh9d figs-activepassive τῶν λαληθέντων ὑπὸ τῶν ποιμένων πρὸς αὐτούς 1 the things that were spoken to them by the shepherds If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “what the shepherds told them” Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 19 reb7 figs-metaphor συμβάλλουσα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς 1 pondering them in her heart In this expression, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “reflecting on what they meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 20 nqv7 figs-explicit ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ ποιμένες 1 the shepherds returned This means that they returned to their flock. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the shepherds went back to take care of their sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 20 c9x5 figs-doublet δοξάζοντες καὶ αἰνοῦντες τὸν Θεὸν 1 glorifying and praising God The terms **glorifying** and **praising** mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “excitedly praising God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 2 20 l123 figs-activepassive καθὼςἐλαλήθη πρὸς αὐτούς 1 just as it had been spoken to them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “just as the angel had told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 21 b2k2 figs-explicit ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼτοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν 1 when eight days had been fulfilled to circumcise him The law that God gave to Jewish believers told them to circumcise a baby boy on the eighth day of his life. As in [1:59](../01/59.md), the day on which the baby was born was considered to be the first day. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate this expression according to the way your own culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “when the baby was one week old, and according to the Jewish law it was time to circumcise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 21 ud24 writing-newevent ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ 1 when eight days had been fulfilled This time reference also introduces a new event. Alternate translation: “after eight days had gone by” or “when the baby was one week old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 2 21 l124 figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ 1 when eight days had been fulfilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “after eight days had gone by” or “when the baby was one week old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 21 u6sw figs-activepassive ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς 1 his name was called Jesus If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “his parents Joseph and Mary named him Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 21 l125 figs-idiom ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς 1 his name was called Jesus As in 1:13, to “call a name” is an idiom that means to give a child a name. Alternate translation: “his parents Joseph and Mary named him Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 21 km8b figs-activepassive τὸ κληθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀγγέλου 1 which he had been called by the angel If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “which was the name that the angel had told Mary to give him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 21 l126 figs-explicitinfo πρὸ τοῦ συνλημφθῆναιαὐτὸν ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ 1 before he was conceived in the womb In your language, it might seem that the phrase **conceived in the womb** expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you can abbreviate it. Alternate translation: “before he was conceived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 2 22 q9yb figs-activepassive ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν κατὰ τὸν νόμον Μωϋσέως 1 when the days of their purification had been fulfilled, according to the law of Moses If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “after they had waited the number of days that the law of Moses required for their purification” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 22 b65l figs-explicit αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν 1 the days of their purification The law of Moses said that a woman would become ceremonially clean again 33 days after her newborn son had been circumcised. After that, she could enter the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “33 more days, the time that the law of Moses required for Mary to become ceremonially clean again after childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 22 l127 translate-names Μωϋσέως 1 Moses This is the name of a man, the great law-giver of Israel. It occurs several times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 22 l128 figs-idiom ἀνήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰςἹεροσόλυμα 1 they brought him up to Jerusalem Luke says that they brought him **up** to Jerusalem, even though Bethlehem is actually at a higher elevation, because that was the customary way of speaking about going to Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “they took him to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 22 lr25 figs-explicit παραστῆσαι τῷ Κυρίῳ 1 to present him to the Lord Luke will explain more in the next two verses about why Mary and Joseph did this, but if it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the purpose more explicit here. Alternate translation: “so that they could bring him into the temple and perform the required ceremony acknowledging God’s claim on firstborn children who were male” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 23 vlb3 figs-activepassive καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ Κυρίου 1 just as it is written in the law of the Lord If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “just as the law of the Lord commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 23 l129 figs-activepassive πᾶν ἄρσεν διανοῖγον μήτραν ἅγιοντῷ Κυρίῳ κληθήσεται 1 Every male who opens the womb will be called holy to the Lord If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “You are to set apart for the Lord every firstborn child who is a boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 23 lnn1 figs-idiom πᾶν ἄρσεν διανοῖγον μήτραν 1 Every male who opens the womb To **open the womb** is an idiom that refers to being the first baby to come out of the womb. This commandment applied to both people and animals, but here a baby boy is specifically in view. Alternate translation: “Every firstborn offspring who is a male” or “Every firstborn child who is a boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 23 l130 figs-idiom ἅγιοντῷ Κυρίῳ κληθήσεται 1 will be called holy to the Lord As in [1:32](../01/32.md), **be called** is an idiom that means “to be.” Alternate translation: “will be set apart for the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 23 l131 figs-idiom ἅγιοντῷ Κυρίῳ κληθήσεται 1 will be called holy to the Lord The law of Moses is using a future statement here to give a command. Alternate translation: “is to be set apart for the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 2 24 ni3s figs-activepassive τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου 1 what is said in the law of the Lord If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what the law of the Lord says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]
LUK 2 25 ytp9 writing-participants ἄνθρωπος ἦν ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ, ᾧ ὄνομα Συμεών 1 therewasamaninJerusalemwhosenamewasSimeon Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 2 25 l133 translate-names Συμεών 1 Simeon This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 25 n263 figs-doublet ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος καὶ εὐλαβής 1 this man was righteous and devout The terms **righteous** and **devout** mean similar things. Luke uses the two terms together to emphasize what a godly man Simeon was. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “he was a godly man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 2 25 l134 figs-idiom προσδεχόμενος 1 waiting for This is an idiomatic usage of the term **waiting**. It does not mean passively **waiting** for something to happen, but eagerly anticipating something that someone wants to happen. Alternate translation: “eagerly anticipating” or “looking forward to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 25 l135 figs-metonymy παράκλησιν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the consolation of Israel This phrase refers by association to the one who would bring **consolation**, meaning “comfort,” to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the one who would come and comfort the people of Israel” or “the one who would come to help the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 25 l136 figs-explicit παράκλησιν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the consolation of Israel Luke assumes that readers will know that this is a reference to the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Messiah, who would come to help the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 25 m5au figs-personification παράκλησιν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the consolation of Israel Luke is referring to all of the Israelites figuratively as if they were a single person, their ancestor, Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 2 25 xxw9 figs-metaphor Πνεῦμα ἦν Ἅγιον ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 The Holy Spirit was upon him The word **upon** creates a spatial metaphor that means that the Spirit of God was with Simeon in a special way. The Spirit gave him knowledge and direction for his life, as the next two verses show. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit guided him in special ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 26 l137 grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 2 26 psf8 figs-activepassive ἦν αὐτῷ κεχρηματισμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου 1 it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit had shown him” or “the Holy Spirit had told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 26 l138 figs-idiom μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον πρὶν 1 he would not see death before To **see death** is an idiom that means “to die.” Alternate translation: “he would not die before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 26 e6vu figs-litotes μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον πρὶν 1 he would not see death before Luke is using a figure of speech here that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “he would live until” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 2 27 k53l figs-idiom ἦλθεν ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι 1 he came in the Spirit This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he came as the Holy Spirit directed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 27 uqr6 figs-go ἦλθεν…εἰς τὸ ἱερόν 1 he came…into the temple Your language may say “went” in contexts such as this. Alternate translation: “he went…into the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
LUK 2 27 y8la figs-synecdoche εἰς τὸ ἱερόν 1 into the temple Since only priests could enter the **temple** building, this means the **temple** courtyard. Luke is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 2 27 wt3r writing-participants τοὺς γονεῖς 1 the parents This means the parents of Jesus. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use their names here. Alternate translation: “Mary and Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 2 27 h444 figs-explicit τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὸ εἰθισμένον τοῦ νόμου περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 for them to do according to the custom of the law concerning him This refers to the ceremony of dedication that Luke described in [2:22–25](../02/22.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to perform the ceremony of dedication that the law of God required” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 28 l139 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ 1 and Luke uses this word to indicate that this event took place after the event he has just described. That is, Simeon took Jesus in his arms after his parents brought him into the temple for the dedication ceremony. Alternate translation: “then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 2 28 y5g6 writing-pronouns αὐτὸς ἐδέξατο αὐτὸ εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας 1 he took him into his arms If it would be clearer in your language, you could specify by name the people to whom these pronouns refer. Alternate translation: “Simeon picked up the baby Jesus and held him in his arms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 2 29 l140 figs-declarative νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου…ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1 You are now dismissing your servant in peace Simeon is actually using this statement to make a request. Alternate translation: “Now please let me die in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 2 29 m6eg figs-123person ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου 1 you are…dismissing your servant Simeon refers to himself as God’s **servant** in order to show humility and respect. Alternate translation: “please let me die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 2 29 g3wn figs-euphemism ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου 1 you are…dismissing your servant Simeon uses a mild expression to refer to death. Alternate translation: “please let me die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 2 29 l141 figs-youformal σου…σου 1 your…your The word **your** is singular here because Simeon is addressing God. If your language has a formal form of **your** that it uses to address a superior respectfully, you may wish to use that form here and in [2:30](../02/30.md) and [2:32](../02/32.md), and the corresponding formal form for “you” in [2:31](../02/31.md). However, it might be more natural in your language for someone who knows God well, as Simeon did, to address God using the informal form. Use your best judgment about what form to use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]])
LUK 2 29 e8fk figs-metonymy κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου 1 according to your word Simeon is referring to the promise that God made that he would live to see the Messiah. Simeon describes that promise by association with the **word** or saying by which God made it. Alternate translation: “as you promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 30 b7i6 figs-synecdoche εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου 1 my eyes have seen Simeon uses one part of himself, his **eyes**, to represent all of himself figuratively in the act of seeing. Alternate translation: “I have personally seen” or “I, myself, have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 2 30 ekw3 figs-metonymy τὸ σωτήριόν σου 1 your salvation This expression refers by association to the person who would bring **salvation**, that is, the infant Jesus, whom Simeon was holding. Alternate translation: “the Savior whom you have sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 31 zv1j writing-pronouns ὃ ἡτοίμασας 1 which you have prepared If you said “Savior” in the previous phrase at the end of [2:30](../02/30.md), then here you will want to say something like “whom you have prepared” or “the one you have sent.” If you said **salvation** in the previous phrase, then here you could say something like “which you have brought about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 2 31 l142 figs-metaphor κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν 1 before the face of all the peoples The term **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. Simeon is saying that God has sent the Savior or brought about salvation right where everyone is present. Alternate translation: “in the presence of all the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 31 l143 figs-explicit κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν 1 before the face of all the peoples The implication of God sending the Savior or bringing about salvation into the presence of everyone is that this has been done for their benefit. Alternate translation: “for the benefit of all peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 32 n4k3 figs-metaphor φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν 1 A light for revelation to the Gentiles This expression means that the child will help the Gentiles to understand. Simeon compares Jesus’ role to that of a physical **light** that enables people to see solid objects. Alternate translation: “This child will enable the Gentiles to understand, just as light allows people to see things clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 32 s5lu figs-explicit φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν 1 A light for revelation to the Gentiles It may be helpful to state explicitly what the child will help the Gentiles to understand. Alternate translation: “This child will enable the Gentiles to understand what you expect of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 32 ur8y καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου, Ἰσραήλ 1 and glory to your people Israel Alternate translation: “and he will bring honor to the people of Israel, who belong to you”
LUK 2 33 l144 translate-textvariants ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ 1 his father and mother See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to use this reading in your translation or a different reading, “Joseph and his mother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 2 33 pp9f figs-activepassive τοῖς λαλουμένοις περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 what was said about him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the things that Simeon said about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 34 xly1 εἶπεν πρὸς Μαριὰμ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ 1 said to Mary, his mother In your translation, make sure that this does not sound as if Mary is the mother of Simeon. Alternate translation: “said to Mary, the child’s mother”
LUK 2 34 p2cy figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Simeon uses this expression to tell Mary that what he is about to say is extremely important to her. Alternate translation: “Now this is important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 34 rs67 figs-metonymy οὗτος κεῖται εἰς πτῶσιν καὶ ἀνάστασιν πολλῶν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ 1 this one is appointed for the downfall and rising up of many in Israel The word **downfall** represents people turning away from God, by association with the way they will be ruined as a result. The expression **rising up** represents people drawing closer to God, by association with they way they will prosper as a result. Alternate translation: “God will use this child to challenge many people of the people of Israel to decide definitively for or against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 34 l145 figs-activepassive οὗτος κεῖται εἰς 1 this one is appointed for If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God has decided to use this child to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 34 abc4 figs-personification πολλῶν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ 1 many in Israel Simeon refers to to all of the Israelites figuratively as if they were a single person, their ancestor, **Israel**. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Israel” or “many in the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 2 34 l146 figs-explicit σημεῖον 1 a sign The implication is that the life and ministry of Jesus will be an indication that God is at work to fulfill his purposes through the people of Israel. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “an indication of God’s activity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 34 l147 figs-activepassive ἀντιλεγόμενον 1 that is spoken against If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “that many people will speak against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 34 l148 figs-metonymy ἀντιλεγόμενον 1 that is spoken against Simeon figuratively describes the opposition that Jesus will face by association with one expression of it, people speaking against him and his ministry. But this represents a wider range of hostile activities. Alternate translation: “that many people will oppose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 35 l149 figs-metaphor καὶ σοῦ δὲ αὐτῆς τὴν ψυχὴνδιελεύσεται ῥομφαία 1 and a sword will also pierce your own soul Simeon speaks figuratively of the bitter grief pangs that Mary will experience as if they were a **sword** stabbing all the way into her inner being. Alternate translation: “and you will experience deep pangs of grief yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 35 hak5 figs-activepassive ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν ἐκ πολλῶν καρδιῶν διαλογισμοί 1 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “so that many people will reveal what they secretly think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 35 l150 figs-metaphor ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν ἐκ πολλῶν καρδιῶν διαλογισμοί 1 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed In this expression, **hearts** figuratively represent people’s inner thoughts and inclinations. Alternate translation: “so that many people will reveal what they secretly think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 36 kd1y writing-participants καὶ ἦν Ἅννα προφῆτις 1 And Anna was there, a prophetess Luke is introducing a new participant into the story. Alternate translation: “There was also a woman there in the temple whose name was Anna. She was a prophetess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 2 36 l151 translate-names Ἅννα 1 Anna This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 36 c7wx translate-names Φανουήλ 1 Phanuel This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 36 l152 figs-idiom ἀμφότεροι προβεβηκότες ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν 1 She had advanced much in days As in [1:7](../01/07.md), to have moved forward or to have **advanced** means figuratively to have aged. Alternate translation: “she was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 36 l153 figs-idiom ἀμφότεροι προβεβηκότες ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν 1 She had advanced much in days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively to mean time in general. Alternate translation: “She was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 36 b9xe figs-idiom ἀπὸ τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς 1 after her virginity This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “after she married him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 37 byk6 αὐτὴ χήρα ἕως ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων 1 she was a widow for 84 years This could mean one of two things. (1) Anna had been a widow for 84 years. Alternate translation: “but then her husband had died and she had not remarried, and 84 years had gone by since” (2) Anna was a widow who was now 84 years old. Alternate translation: “but her husband had died and she had not remarried, and now she was 84 years old”
LUK 2 37 l154 figs-litotes ἣ οὐκ ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 who never left the temple Luke is expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “who was always in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 2 37 f2lt figs-hyperbole ἣ οὐκ ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 who never left the temple This is a generalization that means that Anna spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. Alternate translation: “who was always in the temple” or “She was continually in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 2 37 a1cg figs-idiom νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν λατρεύουσα 1 serving with fastings and prayers The term **serving** is an idiom that means “worshipping.” Alternate translation: “worshipping God by going without food and praying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 37 l155 figs-merism νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν 1 night and day Luke is using the two parts of a day figuratively to mean the entire day, that is, all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 2 38 c9e4 ἐπιστᾶσα 1 coming up The implication is that Anna came up to Mary and Joseph. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “she approached them” or “she went over to Mary and Joseph”
LUK 2 38 l156 figs-idiom αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 at that very hour Luke uses the term **hour** figuratively here to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “right at that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 38 l157 figs-hyperbole πᾶσιν 1 all those The term **all** is an generalization that means many. Alternate translation: “many others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 2 38 l158 figs-idiom τοῖς προσδεχομένοις 1 who were waiting See how you translated this in [2:25](../02/25.md). Alternate translation: “who were eagerly anticipating” or “who were looking forward to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 38 q1ak figs-metonymy λύτρωσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 the redemption of Jerusalem Luke is using the word **redemption** figuratively to mean the person who would bring redemption. Alternate translation: “the one who would redeem Jerusalem” or “the person who would bring God’s blessings and favor back to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 38 l159 figs-metonymy Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jerusalem Luke is referring to all of the people of Israel figuratively by the name of their capital city, **Jerusalem.** Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 39 pk9z πάντα τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον Κυρίου 1 everything that was according to the law of the Lord Alternate translation: “everything that the law of the Lord required them to do”
LUK 2 39 g5vg figs-explicit εἰς πόλιν ἑαυτῶν Ναζαρέτ 1 to their own town of Nazareth This expression means that they lived in Nazareth. Alternate translation: “the town of Nazareth, where they lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 40 l160 figs-activepassive ἐκραταιοῦτο 1 was strengthened If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “became stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 40 qm1q figs-activepassive πληρούμενον σοφίᾳ 1 being filled with wisdom If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “learning what was wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 40 xr2p figs-metaphor χάρις Θεοῦ ἦν ἐπ’ αὐτό 1 the grace of God was upon him As in [2:25](../02/25.md), **upon** is a spatial metaphor. Alternate translation: “God blessed him in special ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 41 h6fr grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 2 42 l161 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 2 42 f7e7 figs-idiom ἀναβαινόντων αὐτῶν 1 they went up Jerusalem was on top of a mountain, so Israelites customarily spoke of going **up** to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they traveled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 42 d52y κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἑορτῆς 1 according to the custom of the feast Alternate translation: “when it was time for the feast”
LUK 2 42 g8aa figs-explicit τῆς ἑορτῆς 1 the feast Implicitly this means the Feast of Passover. It was called a **feast** because it involved eating a ceremonial meal. Alternate translation: “the Feast of Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 43 e5en figs-activepassive καὶ τελειωσάντων τὰς ἡμέρας 1 when the days were completed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “after they had celebrated the feast for the required number of days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 44 y77i νομίσαντες δὲ 1 But thinking Alternate translation: “But since they thought”
LUK 2 44 jcz4 ἦλθον ἡμέρας ὁδὸν 1 they went a day’s journey Alternate translation: “they traveled as far as people walk in one day”
LUK 2 44 l162 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ ἀνεζήτουν αὐτὸν 1 and they sought him The word at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “then they looked for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 2 44 l163 figs-explicit καὶ ἀνεζήτουν αὐτὸν 1 and they sought him The implication is that Jesus’ parents looked for him among their friends and relatives once the whole group that was traveling together had stopped for the night. That way they could easily go around among everyone. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and once the group had stopped for the night, then they looked for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 46 llz4 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 2 46 yy11 figs-synecdoche ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Since only priests could enter the **temple** building, this implicitly means the **temple** courtyard. Luke is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 2 46 n1tl ἐν μέσῳ τῶν διδασκάλων 1 in the midst of the teachers Alternate translation: “among the teachers” or “surrounded by the teachers”
LUK 2 46 fzz6 τῶν διδασκάλων 1 the teachers Alternate translation: “the religious teachers” or “the experts in the Jewish law” or “those who taught people about God”
LUK 2 47 y1i2 figs-explicit ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες αὐτοῦ 1 all those who heard him marveled If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why they marveled. Alternate translation: “all those who heard him was amazed because they could not understand how a twelve-year-old boy with no religious education could answer so well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 2 47 pgu4 figs-hendiadys ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ 1 at his understanding and his answers Luke may be expressing a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The term **understanding** may tell what characterized Jesus’ **answers**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “at his wise answers” or “at the understanding with which he answered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 2 48 llk9 writing-pronouns καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν 1 And when they saw him Alternate translation: “When Mary and Joseph found Jesus there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 2 48 f1ry figs-rquestion τί ἐποίησας ἡμῖν οὕτως? 1 why have you treated us thus? Mary is using the question form to rebuke Jesus indirectly for not going back home with them, causing them to worry about him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate her words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “you should not have done this to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 2 48 w361 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Mary uses this term to get Jesus to focus his attention on what she is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 48 l164 figs-activepassive ὁ πατήρ σου κἀγὼ, ὀδυνώμενοι ζητοῦμεν σε 1 your father and I have been tormented searching for you If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the passive verbal form **have been tormented** with an adverb. Alternate translation: “your father and I have been searching for you anxiously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 49 l165 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to draw a contrast between how readers might have expected Jesus to respond in this situation and how he actually responded. He did not say he was sorry for causing his parents so much worry. Instead, he told them that they should have known where to find him. Alternate translation: “But” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 2 49 r8eh figs-rquestion τί ὅτι ἐζητεῖτέ με? 1 Why is it that you were searching for me? Jesus is making a statement, not really asking a question. He is using the question form to challenge his parents respectfully. Alternate translation: “You should not have had to search for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 2 49 va82 figs-rquestion οὐκ ᾔδειτε ὅτι ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου δεῖ εἶναί με? 1 Did you not know that I must be in the things of my Father? Once again Jesus is making a statement, not really asking a question, but using a question form to challenge his parents respectfully. Alternate translation: “You should have known that I would be involved in my Father’s business” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 2 49 p6aj ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου 1 in the things of my Father This phrase could mean one of two things. (1) Jesus could be saying that he needed to be involved in the things that God was concerned about. Alternate translation: “involved in my Father’s business” (2) Jesus could be referring to the temple as a place that was dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “in my Father’s temple” or “here in the temple”
LUK 2 49 n76z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ πατρός μου 1 my Father At age 12, Jesus, the Son of God, understood that God was his real Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 2 50 l166 figs-metonymy τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς 1 the word that he spoke to them The term **word** refers figuratively to what Jesus told his parents by using words. Alternate translation: “the answer that he gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 2 51 h2i9 figs-idiom καὶ κατέβη μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 he went down with them Jerusalem was on top of a mountain, so Israelites customarily spoke of going **down** when they traveled from Jerusalem to some other place. Alternate translation: “Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 2 51 zl2q figs-activepassive ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος αὐτοῖς 1 he was subjected to them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “he obeyed them” or “he was obedient to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 2 51 ceu3 figs-metaphor διετήρει πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς 1 kept all these things in her heart As in [2:19](../02/19.md), the **heart** here figuratively represents the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “carefully remembered all these things” or “reflected carefully on what all these things meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 52 gb25 figs-abstractnouns Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν τῇ σοφίᾳ, καὶ ἡλικίᾳ 1 Jesus was increasing in wisdom and stature If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the ideas behind the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **stature** with adjectives. These two terms refer to mental and physical growth. Alternate translation: “Jesus steadily became wiser and stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 2 52 y5qk figs-abstractnouns χάριτι παρὰ Θεῷ καὶἀνθρώποις 1 in favor with God and people If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **favor** with verbs. This phrase refers to spiritual and social growth. Alternate translation: “God blessed him more and more, and people admired him more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 3 intro tkg5 0 # Luke 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. John the Baptist begins preaching and baptizing (3:1–22)<br>2. The list of Jesus’ ancestors (3:23–38)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. ULT does this with the poetry in 3:4–6, which Luke is quoting from the Old Testament about John the Baptist.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>John’s instructions to the soldiers and tax collectors in Luke 3:12–15 are things that a person who wanted to live rightly would find reasonable and willingly do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and Luke [3:12-15](./12.md))<br><br>### Genealogy<br>A genealogy is a list that records a person’s ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right be king, because the king’s authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for other important people to have a recorded genealogy.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Prophecy often involves the use of metaphors to express its meaning. Spiritual discernment is needed for proper interpretation of the prophecy. The prophecy that Luke quotes in 3:4–6 from Isaiah 40:3–5 is an extended metaphor that describes the ministry of John the Baptist. See the individual notes to 3:4–6 for recommendations about how to translate this passage. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Herod locked up John in prison”<br>This statement could cause confusion because Luke says that John was imprisoned, and then he implies that John was still able to baptize Jesus. But Luke makes this statement in anticipation of Herod’s imprisonment of John. It describes something that was still in the future at the time of the other events in the narrative. See the first note to 3:19 for a further explanation.
LUK 3 1 l167 writing-newevent ἐν ἔτει δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς ἡγεμονίας Τιβερίου Καίσαρος 1 in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar This verse and the beginning of the next one are an extended time reference that introduces a new event. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Everything that the angels and inspired people had said about John and Jesus began to come true during the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 3 1 l168 translate-ordinal ἐν ἔτει δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ 1 in the fifteenth year If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “in year 15” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 3 1 l169 writing-participants Τιβερίου Καίσαρος 1 Tiberius Caesar As in [2:1](../02/01.md), **Caesar** is the title of the emperor of the Roman Empire. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “King Tiberius, who ruled the Roman Empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 3 1 l170 translate-names Τιβερίου 1 Tiberius **Tiberius** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 1 v22w translate-names Ποντίου Πειλάτου…Ἡρῴδου…Φιλίππου…Λυσανίου 1 Pontius Pilate…Herod…Philip…Lysanias These are the names of men. The **Herod** mentioned here is not the same one as in [1:5](../01/05.md). Rather, it is his son. Luke mentions him many further times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 1 uv8h translate-names τῆς Ἰουδαίας…τῆς Γαλιλαίας…τῆς Ἰτουραίας καὶ Τραχωνίτιδος…τῆς Ἀβειληνῆς 1 Judea…Galilee…Ituraea and Trachonitis…Abilene These are names of territories. Like **Galilee**, the name **Judea** occurs many times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 1 l171 translate-unknown τετραρχοῦντος 1 tetrarch In the Roman Empire, a **tetrarch** was the governor of one of four divisions of a country or province. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a general term. Alternate translation: “ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 3 2 d3m8 figs-explicit ἐπὶ ἀρχιερέως Ἅννα καὶ Καϊάφα 1 during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas Usually there would only have been one high priest, but at this point the Romans were appointing the high priests for Judea, and there had been some intrigue surrounding Annas. One Roman official had appointed him some years earlier, but ten years after that, another official deposed him and named his son-in-law Caiaphas high priest instead. However, the Jews still recognized Annas’s claim to the position. It would probably be best to state the matter as simply as possible for your readers. Alternate translation: “while Annas and Caiaphas were both serving as the high priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 2 dg8p figs-personification ἐγένετο ῥῆμα Θεοῦ 1 the word of God came Luke speaks of God’s message as though it were a living thing that could come to the person whom God wanted to speak it. Alternate translation: “God gave a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 3 2 l172 figs-metonymy ἐγένετο ῥῆμα Θεοῦ 1 the word of God came The term **word** figuratively describes the message that God gave John to say by using words. Alternate translation: “God gave a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 3 3 l173 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 3 3 l174 translate-names τοῦ Ἰορδάνου 1 the Jordan This is the name of a river. Alternate translation: “the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 3 w2pu figs-abstractnouns κηρύσσων βάπτισμα μετανοίας 1 preaching a baptism of repentance If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the ideas behind the abstract nouns **baptism** and **repentance** with other phrases. Alternate translation: “preaching that people should let him immerse them in the river to show that they wanted to live a new life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 3 3 cnm1 figs-abstractnouns εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν 1 for the forgiveness of sins If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the ideas behind the abstract noun **forgiveness** with a verb such as “forgive.” Alternate translation: “and that they wanted God to forgive their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 3 4 zf6m figs-activepassive ὡς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ λόγων Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου 1 As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “As the book says that records the sayings of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 4 l175 figs-metonymy λόγων Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου 1 the words of Isaiah the prophet Luke is using the term **words** figuratively to refer to the sayings of Isaiah, which he used words to articulate. Alternate translation: “the sayings of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 3 4 b86g figs-quotemarks φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 1 A voice of one calling out in the wilderness From this phrase through to the end of [3:6](../03/06.md), Luke quotes from the book of Isaiah. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
LUK 3 4 l176 figs-metonymy φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 1 A voice of one calling out in the wilderness The term **voice** refers figuratively to what this person is saying, by association with the means they are using to say it. Alternate translation: “Someone is calling out in the wilderness and saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 3 4 l177 figs-quotesinquotes ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ 1 Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight Everything from this phrase through to the end of [3:6](../03/06.md) is a quotation within a quotation. Luke is quoting from the book of Isaiah, and Isaiah is quoting the words of the person calling out in the wilderness. It would be best to indicate that by punctuating this material as a second-level quotation, since Luke is quoting from Scripture. However, if your language does not put one direct quotation within another, you could translate this material as an indirect quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 3 4 rzv1 figs-parallelism ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ 1 Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight These two phrases mean similar things. They are both telling people to make a good road for the Lord to travel on. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be helpful to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with another phrase that would show the relationship between them. Alternate translation: “Prepare a good road for the Lord to travel on, and do this by making sure that it follows a straight path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 3 4 h9xl figs-metaphor ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου 1 Make ready the way of the Lord This is a figurative way of telling people to get ready to listen to the Lord’s message when it comes. They are to do this by giving up their sins. Alternate translation: “Give up your sins so that you will be ready to listen to the Lord’s message when it comes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 5 wk8m figs-metaphor πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται, καὶ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ βουνὸς ταπεινωθήσεται 1 Every valley will be filled, and every mountain and hill will be made low This is a continuation of the figurative description of making a good road that began in the previous verse. When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they make sure that the road is level by taking material from high places and using it to fill in low places. However, this is also a description of the effects that the coming of the Lord will have on people. It is a statement similar to the one Mary makes in [1:52](../01/52.md), “He has thrown down rulers from their thrones and he has raised up the lowly.” Metaphors in Scripture can have more than one reference like this. So we recommend that you translate the words directly and not provide a non-figurative explanation, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meanings of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 5 e52x figs-activepassive πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται 1 Every valley will be filled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Since people would be doing this action in one sense of the metaphor, but God would be doing the action in another sense of the metaphor, it might be best not to be specific about who will do the action. Alternate translation: “Someone will fill in every valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 5 s66m figs-activepassive καὶ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ βουνὸς ταπεινωθήσεται 1 and every mountain and hill will be made low If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, following the same principle as for the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and someone will make every mountain and hill low” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 5 l178 figs-metaphor ἔσται τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείαν, καὶ αἱ τραχεῖαι εἰς ὁδοὺς λείας 1 the crooked roads will become straight, and the rough roads will become smooth This too is both a continuation of the figurative description of making a good road and a description of the effects that the coming of the Lord will have on people. Something that is **crooked** becoming **straight** and something that is **rough** becoming **smooth** can be seen as metaphors for repentance and a change in a person’s way of life. And so we recommend once again that you translate the words directly and not provide a non-figurative explanation in the text of your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 6 l179 figs-metonymy πᾶσα σὰρξ 1 all flesh Luke is describing people figuratively by reference to something associated with them, the flesh they are made of. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 3 6 l180 figs-metaphor ὄψεται 1 will see The term **see** is a figurative way of referring to recognition and understanding. Alternate translation: “will recognize” or “will understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 6 du1b figs-abstractnouns ὄψεται…τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 will see the salvation of God If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “will understand how God saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 3 6 l181 figs-quotesinquotes τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the salvation of God After this phrase, Isaiah ends his quotation from the person who is calling out in the wilderness. If you decided in [3:4](../03/04.md) to mark these words as a second-level quotation, indicate the end of that quotation here with whatever convention your language uses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 3 6 l182 figs-quotemarks τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the salvation of God After this phrase, Luke also ends his quotation from the book of Isaiah. If you decided in [3:4](../03/04.md) to mark this as a first-level quotation, indicate that ending here with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a first-level quotation. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
LUK 3 7 sxn9 figs-activepassive βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 to be baptized by him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for him to baptize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 7 b724 figs-idiom γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 Offspring of vipers The expression **offspring of** is an idiom that means a person shares the qualities of something. John is using dangerous poisonous snakes to represent evil. Alternate translation: “You evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 3 7 l183 translate-unknown γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 Offspring of vipers If your readers would not recognize the name **vipers**, which refers to dangerous poisonous snakes, you could say something more general. Alternate translation: “You are evil, like poisonous snakes” or “You are evil, like poisonous animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 3 7 mcq5 figs-rquestion τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς? 1 Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? John is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect the people in the crowds to tell him who warned them. Instead, he is using the question form to challenge the people to think about what they believe baptism will do for them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You cannot escape from God’s wrath just by being baptized!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 3 7 g7tw figs-metonymy ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς 1 the coming wrath John is using the word **wrath** to refer figuratively to God’s punishment, because the punishment is an expression of God’s wrath or displeasure over sin. Alternate translation: “from the punishment that God is sending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 3 8 pz16 figs-metaphor ποιήσατε…καρποὺς ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας 1 produce fruits worthy of repentance John is figuratively comparing a person’s behavior to fruit. Just as a plant is expected to produce fruit that is appropriate for that kind of plant, a person who says that he has repented is expected to live righteously. Alternate translation: “do the good things that will show that you have stopped sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 8 l184 figs-abstractnouns ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας 1 worthy of repentance If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **repentance** with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “that will show that you have stopped sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 3 8 l185 figs-quotesinquotes μὴ ἄρξησθε λέγειν ἐνἑαυτοῖς, πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ 1 do not begin to say within yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father’ **We have Abraham as our father** is a quotation within a quotation. Luke is quoting John’s words to the crowd, and John is quoting something that the crowds might wrongly think. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “do not try to reassure yourselves with the thought that Abraham is your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 3 8 l186 figs-metaphor πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ 1 We have Abraham as our father **Father** here figuratively means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham is our ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 8 l187 figs-exclusive πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ 1 We have Abraham as our father John is suggesting something the people might say about themselves, as opposed to others, so if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive “we” and “us,” use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 3 8 l188 figs-metaphor πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ 1 We have Abraham as our father The word **father** here figuratively means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham is our ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 8 pft3 figs-explicit πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ 1 We have Abraham as our father If it would be unclear to your readers why they would say this, you may also add the implied information: Alternate translation: “Abraham is our ancestor, so God would not punish us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 8 gbp2 figs-metaphor δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων 1 God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones The expression **raise up** is a spatial metaphor. It envisions that if God did turn the stones into people who were descendants of Abraham, then the people would be standing up in front of everyone, no longer lying in the riverbed as the stones were. Alternate translation: “God is able create descendants for Abraham out of these stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 8 l189 figs-metaphor τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ 1 children for Abraham The word **children** here figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “descendants for Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 8 pi82 ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων 1 from these stones John was probably referring to actual stones lying along the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “from these stones here”
LUK 3 9 r5pa figs-activepassive ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται 1 the ax is already set against the root of the trees If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the person who is going to cut down the tree has already placed his ax against the roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 9 l190 figs-metaphor ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται 1 the ax is already set against the root of the trees This is a figurative way of saying that punishment is just about to begin. Alternate translation: “God is even now getting his punishment ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 9 l8it figs-activepassive πᾶν…δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται 1 every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with active forms. Alternate translation: “this person will chop down every tree that does not produce good fruit and throw it into the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 9 l191 figs-metaphor πᾶν…δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται 1 every tree that does not produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire This is a figurative way of describing punishment. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish every person who does not do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 10 ak6i figs-quotemarks ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν…λέγοντες 1 kept asking him, saying Luke uses the word **saying** to introduce his quotation of what the crowds were asking John. Here and throughout the book, if you indicate the quotation in some other way, such as with quotation marks or with some other punctuation or convention that your language uses, you do not need to represent this word in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
LUK 3 11 g3ip figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς 1 So answering he said to them Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that John responded to the question that the crowds asked. Alternate translation: “So he responded to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 3 11 vuk3 figs-explicit ὁ ἔχων βρώματα, ὁμοίως ποιείτω 1 let him do the same The implication is that anyone who has extra food should share it, just as a person with an extra tunic should share that. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “if anyone has extra food, he should share that as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 12 pp3s figs-activepassive ἦλθον…βαπτισθῆναι 1 came to be baptized If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “came because they wanted John to baptize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 12 l192 Διδάσκαλε 1 Teacher This is a respectful title. You can translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use,
LUK 3 13 v9ls figs-explicit μηδὲν πλέον…πράσσετε 1 Collect nothing more The implication is that tax collectors had been demanding more money than they should have been collecting. John tells them to stop doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not demand extra money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 13 m136 figs-activepassive παρὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον ὑμῖν 1 than what you have been ordered If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “beyond what the Romans have authorized you to collect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 14 w2d8 figs-exclusive τί ποιήσωμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς? 1 And us, what should we do? The soliders are speaking about themselves, as opposed to others, so if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive **we** and “us,” use the exclusive form here. You could make this two sentences. Alternate translation: “How about us soldiers? What must we do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 3 14 l3mz figs-explicit μηδὲ συκοφαντήσητε 1 do not accuse falsely The implication is that soldiers were making false charges against people in order to extort money from them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do not accuse anyone falsely in order to get money from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 14 bvy5 figs-activepassive καὶ ἀρκεῖσθε τοῖς ὀψωνίοις ὑμῶν 1 and be contented with your wages If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “instead, let the amount you are paid satisfy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 14 l193 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 3 and This word introduces draws a contrast between what the soldiers had been doing and what they should have been doing. Alternate translation: “instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 3 15 pgp3 grammar-connect-time-background προσδοκῶντος δὲ τοῦ λαοῦ 1 And the people were expecting Luke is providing this background information to help readers understand what happens next. You can introduce his statement with a word that will indicate this. Alternate translation: “Now the people were expecting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 3 15 l194 figs-explicit προσδοκῶντος δὲ τοῦ λαοῦ 1 And the people were expecting The implication is that the people were expecting the Messiah. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now the people were expecting the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 15 czb7 figs-metaphor διαλογιζομένων…ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 1 wondering in their hearts Luke uses the term **hearts** figuratively here to represent the people’s minds. Alternate translation: “wondering in their minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 16 fn1u figs-explicit ἀπεκρίνατο λέγων πᾶσιν ὁ Ἰωάννης 1 John answered, saying to them all John’s statement clearly implies that John himself is not the Messiah. It may be helpful to state this explicitly for your readers. Alternate translation: “John clarified that he was not the Messiah by saying to them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 16 l195 figs-hendiadys ἀπεκρίνατο λέγων…ὁ Ἰωάννης 1 John answered, saying Together the words **answered** and **saying** mean that John responded to what the people were wondering about him. Alternate translation: “John responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 3 16 wj3h ἐγὼ…ὕδατι βαπτίζω ὑμᾶς 1 I…baptize you with water Alternate translation: “I…baptize you using water” or “I…baptize you by means of water”
LUK 3 16 k3hg figs-explicit οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandals Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John is saying implicitly that the one who is coming will be so great that he is not even worthy to be his slave. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I am not even worthy to be his slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 16 jjp1 figs-metaphor αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ, καὶ πυρί 1 He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire John is using literal baptism, which puts a person under water, to speak figuratively of spiritual baptism, which puts people under the influence of the Holy Spirit, who purifies them. Alternate translation: “He will put you under the influence of the Holy Spirit, who will purify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 16 c1an figs-metaphor αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει…πυρί 1 He will baptize you…with fire The word **fire** is intended figuratively, and it suggests a fuller metaphor. Jesus will not immerse people in actual fire. Be sure that this is clear to your readers. Alternate translation: “He will baptize you…to purify you, as precious metals are purified in fire” or “He will baptize you…to clear away your sins, as fire clears away underbrush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 17 jzm4 figs-metaphor οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 whose winnowing fork is in his hand John is saying figuratively that the Messiah will come prepared to judge people right away. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. Alternate translation: “He will already be prepared to judge people, just like a farmer who is ready to thresh grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 17 l196 figs-idiom οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 whose winnowing fork is in his hand The phrase **in his hand** is an idiom that means he has the tool all ready to use. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here in your translation. Alternate translation: “He has his winnowing fork ready to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 3 17 b1ap translate-unknown πτύον 1 winnowing fork This is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down, and the wind blows away the unwanted chaff. This tool is similar to a pitchfork. If you have a similar tool in your culture, you can use the word for it here. Otherwise, you can use a phrase that would express the meaning. Alternate translation: “tool for threshing grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 3 17 gf8n translate-unknown διακαθᾶραι τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ 1 to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor The threshing floor was the place where wheat was stacked in preparation for threshing. To **clear off** the floor is to finish threshing all the grain. Alternate translation: “to completely thresh all of his grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 3 17 gt3q figs-exmetaphor συναγαγεῖν τὸν σῖτον εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην αὐτοῦ 1 to gather the wheat into his storehouse John continues to speak figuratively to describe how the coming Messiah will judge people. The wheat is the part of the crop that is useful. It represents people who are obedient to God, who will be welcomed into his presence. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He will welcome those who are obedient to God, just as a farmer stores good grain in his barn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 3 17 ky8j figs-exmetaphor τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶἀσβέστῳ 1 but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire John continues to speak figuratively to describe how the coming Messiah will judge people. The chaff is the husk that surrounds the grain. It is not useful for anything, so people burn it up. You could express this metaphor as a simile in your translation. Alternate translation: “but he will punish those who are disobedient to God, just as a farmer burns up the useless chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 3 18 tyj9 πολλὰ…καὶ ἕτερα παρακαλῶν 1 also exhorting many other things Alternate translation: “saying many other things to warn them”
LUK 3 19 l197 writing-background δὲ 1 But Luke uses this term to introduce some background information to the story. In this verse and the next one, he tells what later happened to John. This had not yet happened at this time. When Luke says in [3:21](../03/21.md) that Jesus was baptized, he means that John was still there and that John baptized Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 3 19 jj3q translate-unknown ὁ…Ἡρῴδης ὁ τετράρχης 1 Herod the tetrarch See how you translated the term **tetrarch** in [3:1](../03/01.md) Alternate translation: “Herod, who ruled the region of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 3 19 l198 figs-activepassive ἐλεγχόμενος ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ περὶ Ἡρῳδιάδος, τῆς γυναικὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 having been rebuked by him concerning Herodias, the wife of his brother If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could make clear who did the action. Alternate translation: “because John had rebuked him for marrying Herodias, his brother’s former wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 19 cu4v figs-explicit ἐλεγχόμενος ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ περὶ Ἡρῳδιάδος, τῆς γυναικὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 having been rebuked by him concerning Herodias, the wife of his brother The implication is that Herod’s brother was still alive. That made this marriage a violation of the law of Moses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “because John had rebuked him for marrying Herodias, his brother’s former wife, while his brother was still alive, which the law of Moses forbade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 3 20 p2xw figs-synecdoche κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ 1 he locked John up in prison Herod did not do this by himself, Rather, as a ruler, he probably ordered his soldiers to lock John up. Luke is speaking figuratively of Herod, one person who was involved in this action, to mean everyone who was involved. Alternate translation: “he had his soldiers lock John up in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 3 21 l199 figs-events ἐγένετο δὲ 1 and it happened that The previous verse says that Herod put John in prison. It might be helpful to make it clear that the account that starts in this verse happened before John was arrested. UST does that by starting this verse with, “But before John was put in prison.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
LUK 3 21 phe6 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 and it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 3 21 r2x1 figs-activepassive βαπτισθῆναι ἅπαντα τὸν λαὸν 1 when all the people were being baptized If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “While John was baptizing all the people who came to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 21 l200 figs-hyperbole ἅπαντα τὸν λαὸν 1 all the people The phrase **all the people** is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all the people who came to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 3 21 nw1s figs-activepassive καὶ Ἰησοῦ βαπτισθέντος 1 Jesus also was baptized You could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “John also baptized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 21 i5zg figs-activepassive ἀνεῳχθῆναι τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 the heavens were opened You could say this with an active form. This was more than a simple clearing of the clouds, but it is not clear exactly what the expression means, so it may be best not to try to specify what happened too exactly. Alternate translation: “the sky opened up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 22 q2yh figs-personification φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ γενέσθαι 1 a voice came from heaven Luke speaks figuratively of this **voice** as if it were a living thing that could come from heaven to earth. Alternate translation: “God spoke from heaven and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 3 22 h7tn guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός μου 1 my…Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 3 23 uvm3 writing-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information about Jesus’ age and ancestors. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 3 23 d3sh figs-idiom αὐτὸς ἦν Ἰησοῦς ἀρχόμενος ὡσεὶ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα 1 Jesus himself was beginning about 30 years old This is an idiomatic expression, and it could mean one of two things. (1) The word **beginning** could be a reference to Jesus starting his own ministry. UST follows this interpretation. Alternate translation: “Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry” (2) Luke could also be saying that Jesus had just turned 30 was when he was baptized. Alternate translation: “Jesus himself was just thirty years old at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 3 23 z2xa figs-activepassive ὢν υἱός, ὡς ἐνομίζετο, Ἰωσὴφ 1 He was the son (as it was assumed) of Joseph If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “People assumed that he was the son of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 3 24 f8pm translate-names τοῦ Μαθθὰτ, τοῦ Λευεὶ, τοῦ Μελχεὶ, τοῦ Ἰανναὶ, τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ 1 of Matthat, of Levi, of Melchi, of Jannai, of Joseph This continues the list that begins with the words “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli” in verse 24. Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. Use the same wording throughout the whole list. Possible formats are (1) “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph” or (2) “He was the son…of Joseph. Joseph was the son of Heli. Heli was the son of Matthat. Matthat was the son of Levi. Levi was the son of Melchi. Melchi was the son of Jannai. Jannai was the son of Joseph” or (3) “His father…was Joseph. Joseph’s father was Heli. Heli’s father was Matthat. Matthat’s father was Levi. Levi’s father was Melchi. Melchi’s father was Jannai. Jannai’s father was Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 25 xdc5 translate-names τοῦ Ματταθίου, τοῦ Ἀμὼς, τοῦ Ναοὺμ, τοῦ Ἑσλεὶ, τοῦ Ναγγαὶ 1 of Mattathias, of Amos, of Nahum, of Esli, of Naggai This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 26 vt9z translate-names τοῦ Μάαθ, τοῦ Ματταθίου, τοῦΣεμεεῒν, τοῦ Ἰωσὴχ, τοῦ Ἰωδὰ 1 of Maath, of Mattathias, of Semein, of Josech, of Joda This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 27 z85v translate-names τοῦ Ἰωανὰν, τοῦ Ῥησὰ, τοῦ Ζοροβαβὲλ, τοῦ Σαλαθιὴλ, τοῦ Νηρεὶ 1 of Joanan, of Rhesa, of Zerubbabel, of Salathiel, of Neri This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that begins in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 28 yf2b translate-names τοῦ Μελχεὶ, τοῦ Ἀδδεὶ, τοῦ Κωσὰμ, τοῦ Ἐλμαδὰμ, τοῦ Ἢρ 1 of Melchi, of Addi, of Cosam, of Elmadam, of Er This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 29 led5 translate-names τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ Ἐλιέζερ, τοῦ Ἰωρεὶμ, τοῦ Μαθθὰτ, τοῦ Λευεὶ 1 of Joshua, of Eliezer, of Jorim, of Matthat, of Levi This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 30 s7aw translate-names τοῦ Συμεὼν, τοῦ Ἰούδα, τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ, τοῦ Ἰωνὰμ, τοῦ Ἐλιακεὶμ 1 of Simeon, of Judah, of Joseph, of Jonam, of Eliakim This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 31 w1m5 translate-names τοῦ Μελεὰ, τοῦ Μεννὰ, τοῦ Ματταθὰ, τοῦ Ναθὰμ, τοῦ Δαυεὶδ 1 of Melea, of Menna, of Mattatha, of Nathan, of David This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 32 ed2t translate-names τοῦ Ἰεσσαὶ, τοῦ Ἰωβὴλ, τοῦ Βόος, τοῦ Σαλὰ, τοῦ Ναασσὼν 1 of Jesse, of Obed, of Boaz, of Salmon, of Nahshon This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 33 ur9a translate-names τοῦ Ἀμιναδὰβ, τοῦ Ἀδμεὶν, τοῦ Ἀρνεὶ, τοῦ Ἑσρὼμ, τοῦ Φαρὲς, τοῦ Ἰούδα 1 of Amminadab, of Admin, of Arni, of Hezron, of Perez, of Judah This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 34 wkq5 translate-names τοῦ Ἰακὼβ, τοῦ Ἰσαὰκ, τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, τοῦ Θάρα, τοῦ Ναχὼρ 1 of Jacob, of Isaac, of Abraham, of Terah, of Nahor This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 35 jbl1 translate-names τοῦ Σεροὺχ, τοῦ Ῥαγαὺ, τοῦ Φάλεκ, τοῦ Ἔβερ, τοῦ Σαλὰ 1 of Serug, of Reu, of Peleg, of Eber, of Shelah This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 36 xit8 translate-names τοῦ Καϊνὰμ, τοῦ Ἀρφαξὰδ, τοῦ Σὴμ, τοῦ Νῶε, τοῦ Λάμεχ 1 of Cainan, of Arphaxad, of Shem, of Noah, of Lamech This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 37 qev8 translate-names τοῦ Μαθουσαλὰ, τοῦ Ἑνὼχ, τοῦ Ἰάρετ, τοῦ Μαλελεὴλ, τοῦ Καϊνὰμ 1 of Methuselah, of Enoch, of Jared, of Mahalaleel, of Cainan This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 38 ni8x translate-names τοῦ Ἐνὼς, τοῦ Σὴθ, τοῦ Ἀδὰμ, τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of Enos, of Seth, of Adam, of God This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in Luke 3:23. Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 38 ck3f τοῦ Ἀδὰμ, τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of Adam, of God Alternate translation: “the son of Adam, whom God created” or “the son of Adam, who was, in a sense, the son of God”
LUK 4 intro r3vy 0 # Luke 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. The devil tempts Jesus in the wilderness (4:1–13)<br>2. Jesus teaches in the synagogue in Nazareth (4:14–30)<br>3. Jesus teaches, heals, and drives out demons in Capernaum (4:31–44)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. ULT does this with the poetry in 4:10-11 and 4:18-19, which is quoted from the Old Testamentt.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Jesus was tempted by the devil”<br>While it is true that the devil actually believed that he could persuade Jesus to disobey God and obey him instead, it is important not to imply in your translation that Jesus would ever really have wanted to obey the devil.
LUK 4 1 n1xx writing-newevent Ἰησοῦς δὲ 1 Then Jesus Luke uses this expression to return to the story after providing background information about Jesus’ ancestors. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include a phrase that would provide continuity with the previous episode in the story. Alternate translation: “After John had baptized Jesus, then Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 4 1 l201 translate-names τοῦ Ἰορδάνου 1 the Jordan This is the name of a river. Alternate translation: “the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 4 1 v18k figs-activepassive ἤγετο ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι 1 was led by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 2 bls8 figs-verbs ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου 1 for 40 days being tempted by the devil The Greek verb indicates that the temptation continued throughout the forty days. You can make this clear in your translation, as UST does: “While he was there, the devil kept tempting him for 40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]])
LUK 4 2 hg5p figs-activepassive πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου 1 being tempted by the devil If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the devil kept tempting him” or “the devil kept trying to persuade him disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 2 k47d writing-pronouns καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲν 1 he did not eat anything Make sure that it is clear in your translation that the word **he** refers to Jesus, not to the devil. Alternate translation: “Jesus did not eat anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 4 3 bg52 figs-explicit εἶπεν…ὁ διάβολος 1 the devil said The devil either holds a stone in his hand or points to a nearby stone. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The devil picked up a stone and said” or “The devil pointed to a stone and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 3 l202 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ τῷ λίθῳ τούτῳ, ἵνα γένηται ἄρτος 1 If you are the Son of God, speak to this stone so that it might become bread The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the **stone** will only become **bread** if Jesus is the **Son of God**. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do this miracle to prove that he really is the **Son of God**. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding this stone to become bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 4 3 y7yf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. Even the devil knew its significance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 4 4 l203 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 And This word introduces a contrast between the devil wanting Jesus to turn the stone into bread and Jesus refusing to do that. Alternate translation: “But” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 4 4 kde3 figs-explicit ἀπεκρίθη πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, γέγραπται 1 Jesus to answered him, “It is written” Jesus clearly implies in his answer that he is rejecting the devil’s challenge. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “Jesus replied, ‘No, I will not do that, because it is written’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 4 l204 figs-quotesinquotes γέγραπται, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 It is written, ‘Man will not live on bread alone’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “It is written that man will not live on bread alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 4 4 hr5a figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “The Scriptures say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 4 ek2z figs-synecdoche οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 Man will not live on bread alone The word **bread** refers to food in general. Jesus quotes this scripture to explain why he will not turn the stone into bread. It means that food by itself, without God, is not enough to sustain a person in life. Alternate translation: “It is not just having food that makes a person truly alive” or “God says there are more important things than food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 4 4 l205 figs-gendernotations ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 Man **Man** has a generic sense here that refers to all people. Alternate translation: “People” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 4 5 wm17 figs-explicit ἀναγαγὼν αὐτὸν 1 he led him up The implication is that the devil brought Jesus **up** to a high place with a commanding view. Alternate translation: “the devil led Jesus up a mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 5 jxi9 figs-explicitinfo ἐν στιγμῇ χρόνου 1 in an instant of time In your language, it might seem that the phrase **an instant of time** expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you can abbreviate it. Alternate translation: “in an instant” or “in a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 4 6 l206 figs-activepassive ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται 1 it has been handed over to me If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God has given me authority over all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 6 dcx6 figs-explicit ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται 1 it has been handed over to me The word **it** likely refers back to the singular antecedent **all this authority**, that is, the authority over these kingdoms. So the word you use to translate **it** should agree with **authority** in gender and number and in any other distinctions that your language marks. Alternate translation: “God has given me authority over all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 7 g7h9 figs-explicit ἐὰν προσκυνήσῃς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ 1 if you will bow in worship before me The implication is that the devil wants visible, direct worship that will be an official act of submission. Alternate translation: “If you will bow down in worship directly in front of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 7 l207 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον 1 before The term **before** here means “in front of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 4 7 uca7 ἔσται σοῦ πᾶσα 1 it will all be yours Alternate translation: “I will give you all of these kingdoms”
LUK 4 8 v8ca figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 answering, Jesus said to him Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the offer that the devil made. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 4 8 l208 figs-quotesinquotes γέγραπται, Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις 1 It is written, ‘You will worship the Lord your God, and you will serve only him.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “It is written that one must worship the Lord his God and serve only him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 4 8 m4tc figs-explicit γέγραπται 1 It is written Jesus clearly implies in his answer that he is rejecting the devil’s challenge. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “Jesus replied, ‘No, I will not do that, because it is written’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 8 xj35 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “The Scriptures say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 8 bch3 figs-declarative Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις 1 You will worship the Lord your God, and you will serve only him The Scriptures are using a statement here to give a command. Alternate translation: “You must worship the Lord your God, and you must serve only him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 4 8 q8ni figs-youcrowd προσκυνήσεις 1 You will worship It may not be clear here whether to use the singular or plural form of **you** because this is a short quotation from the Scriptures and the context is not given. The word is actually singular because, even though Moses said this to the Israelites as a group, each individual person was supposed to obey this command. So in your translation, use the singular form of **you** if your language marks that distinction. In general these notes will not discuss whether **you** is singular or plural when this should be clear from the context. But they will address ambiguous cases such as this one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 4 9 j8r6 translate-unknown τὸ πτερύγιον 1 the highest point This term refers to the tip or extremity of something. If you have a similar term in your language, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “the apex” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 4 9 g2n5 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν ἐντεῦθεν κάτω 1 If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that Jesus will be able to jump safely from this great height if he really is the **Son of God**. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do this miracle to prove that he really is the **Son of God**. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by jumping safely from this great height” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 4 9 j9nx guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. Even the devil knew its significance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 4 9 i81s figs-explicit βάλε σεαυτὸν ἐντεῦθεν κάτω 1 throw yourself down from here The exact location of the part of the temple that Luke describes is uncertain. However, the implication is that it was one of the places on the temple roof from which people would fall several hundred feet into the Kidron Valley if they jumped or slipped off. Make sure it is clear in your translation that this would ordinarily have been a deadly fall. Alternate translation: “jump from this great height” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 10 l209 figs-quotesinquotes γέγραπται γὰρ, ὅτι τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ, τοῦ διαφυλάξαι σε 1 For it is written, ‘He will give orders to his angels regarding you, to protect you’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For it is written that he will give orders to his angels regarding you, to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 4 10 f5dn figs-explicit γέγραπται γὰρ 1 For it is written The devil implies that his quote from the Psalms means that if Jesus really is the Son of God, he will not be hurt if he jumps from this great height. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “You will not be hurt, because it is written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 10 s2g4 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 it is written If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 10 nld8 writing-pronouns τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ, τοῦ διαφυλάξαι σε 1 He will give orders to his angels regarding you, to protect you **He** refers to God. Alternate translation: “God will order his angels to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 4 11 l210 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ, ὅτι ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσίν σε, μήποτε προσκόψῃς πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα σου 1 and, ‘They will lift you up in their hands, lest you strike your foot against a stone’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and that they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 4 11 l211 figs-synecdoche μήποτε προσκόψῃς πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα σου 1 lest you strike your foot against a stone The Scriptures are figuratively using one way of being hurt to mean all ways of being hurt. Alternate translation: “so that you will not get hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 4 12 l212 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 answering, Jesus said to him Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the challenge that the devil posed. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 4 12 l213 figs-quotesinquotes εἴρηται, οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου 1 It is said, ‘You will not put the Lord your God to the test.’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “It is said that one must not put the Lord his God to the test” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 4 12 fy8d figs-explicit εἴρηται 1 It is said Jesus clearly implies in his answer that he is rejecting the devil’s challenge. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “Jesus replied, ‘No, I will not do that, because it is said’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 12 cf6c figs-activepassive εἴρηται 1 It is said If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “The Scriptures say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 12 gf8h figs-declarative οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου 1 You will not put the Lord your God to the test The Scriptures are using a statement to give a command. Alternate translation: “You must not test the Lord your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 4 13 nc2c figs-explicit συντελέσας πάντα πειρασμὸν 1 when he had finished every temptation This does not imply that the devil was successful in his temptation. Jesus resisted every attempt. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “after the devil had repeatedly failed to persuade Jesus to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 13 qqd7 figs-explicit ἄχρι καιροῦ 1 until an opportune time New Testament Greek had two words for time. The first referred to chronological time, that is, the passage of time. The second word referred to the right time to do something. ULT is using the phrase **an opportune time** to translate that second word. If your language makes this same distinction, use the corresponding word in your own translation. Alternate translation: “until the time was right to try again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 14 yfc3 writing-newevent καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 4 14 ht5k figs-explicit ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 in the power of the Spirit This phrase means that God, by the Holy Spirit, was empowering Jesus in a special way, enabling him to do things that ordinary humans could not. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the Spirit was giving him the power to do extraordinary things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 14 dhj7 figs-personification φήμη ἐξῆλθεν…περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 news about him went out Luke speaks figuratively of this **news** as if it were something that could **go out** actively by itself. This expression means that those who heard about Jesus told other people about him, who then told even more people about him. Alternate translation: “people spread the news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 4 14 hah9 καθ’ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 1 throughout the entire surrounding region Alternate translation: “everywhere around Galilee”
LUK 4 15 ik8g figs-activepassive δοξαζόμενος ὑπὸ πάντων 1 being praised by all If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “as everyone spoke about him in a good way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 16 l214 grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 4 16 ulb1 figs-activepassive οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος 1 where he had been raised If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “where his parents had raised him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 16 g4sv κατὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς αὐτῷ 1 according to his custom Alternate translation: “as was his usual practice”
LUK 4 17 l215 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate that the event he will now relate came after the event he has just described. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 4 17 i9hn figs-activepassive ἐπεδόθη αὐτῷ βιβλίον τοῦ προφήτου Ἠσαΐου 1 the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “someone brought him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 17 l216 figs-explicit ἐπεδόθη αὐτῷ βιβλίον τοῦ προφήτου Ἠσαΐου 1 the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him Since Jesus looked for a specific passage in the scroll, and since he said that it was being fulfilled right at that time, it is likely that Jesus requested this particular scroll. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “at his request, someone brought him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 17 x52a translate-unknown βιβλίον τοῦ προφήτου Ἠσαΐου 1 the scroll of the prophet Isaiah This refers to a **scroll**, a long, wide roll of special paper, on which someone had written the words that **Isaiah** had spoken many years before. If your readers would not know what a **scroll** is, you could describe it, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the special paper roll that recorded the sayings of the prophet Isaiah” or “the book that recorded the sayings of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 4 17 w5s9 figs-activepassive τὸν τόπον οὗ ἦν γεγραμμένον 1 the place where it was written If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the place where the scroll recorded the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 18 h1rm figs-metaphor Πνεῦμα Κυρίου ἐπ’ ἐμέ 1 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me As in [2:25](../02/25.md), **upon** is a spatial metaphor that means that the Spirit of God is with someone in a special way. Alternate translation: “The Spirit of the Lord is with me in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 4 18 q96y figs-metaphor ἔχρισέν με 1 he has anointed me In the Old Testament, ceremonial oil was poured on a person when they were given the authority to assume an office or do a special task. Isaiah uses anointing figuratively to indicate that God has appointed him to his work. Jesus applies these words to himself as well. Alternate translation: “he has appointed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 4 18 l6ac figs-nominaladj πτωχοῖς… τυφλοῖς 1 the poor…the blind Luke is using the adjectives **poor** and **blind** as nouns, to refer to groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these expressions with noun phrases. Alternate translation: “people who are poor…people who are blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 4 18 a9wn κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν 1 to proclaim freedom to the captives Alternate translation: “to tell people who are being held captive that they can go free”
LUK 4 18 mzp4 κηρύξαι…τυφλοῖς ἀνάβλεψιν 1 to proclaim…recovery of sight to the blind Alternate translation: “to tell people who are blind that they will be able to see again”
LUK 4 18 utq5 figs-activepassive ἀποστεῖλαι τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει 1 to set free those who are oppressed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “to rescue people whom others are treating harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 19 z262 figs-idiom κηρύξαι ἐνιαυτὸν Κυρίου δεκτόν 1 to proclaim the favorable year of the Lord Luke is using the term **year** figuratively to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “to announce that this is the time when the Lord will show his kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 20 sm11 figs-explicit πτύξας τὸ βιβλίον 1 rolling up the scroll A scroll was closed by rolling it like a tube to protect the writing inside it. Alternate translation: “closing the scroll by rolling it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 20 ehx3 translate-unknown τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ 1 the attendant This refers to a synagogue worker who would bring out and put away the scrolls that contained the Scriptures with proper care and reverence. If there is a word in your language for a person who has a similar role in your culture, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “the sexton” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 4 20 l217 figs-explicit ἐκάθισεν 1 he sat down Since a person would stand to read the Scriptures in a synagogue but then sit down to teach, the implication is that Jesus was going to speak to the people about what he had just read. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “he sat down to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 20 pu89 figs-synecdoche πάντων οἱὀφθαλμοὶ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ 1 all the eyes in the synagogue Luke is using one part of people, their **eyes**, figuratively to represent people themselves in the act of seeing. Alternate translation: “all the people in the synagogue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 4 21 b1ix figs-activepassive πεπλήρωται ἡ Γραφὴ αὕτη 1 this scripture has been fulfilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I am fulfilling what this scripture says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 21 iij8 figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν 1 in your ears In this expression, the **ears** figuratively represent people in the act of listening. Alternate translation: “even as you are listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 4 22 k2xi figs-metonymy τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος 1 the gracious words Luke uses the term **words** figuratively to describe what Jesus said, by reference to something associated with it, the words he used to communicate it. Alternate translation: “the articulate things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 4 22 l219 figs-explicitinfo τοῖς λόγοις…τοῖς ἐκπορευομένοις ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 the…words that were coming out of his mouth In your language, this phrase might seem like an unnecessarily elaborate way of speaking. If so, you can express the same idea more compactly. Alternate translation: “the…things he was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 4 22 ty6d figs-rquestion οὐχὶ υἱός ἐστιν Ἰωσὴφ οὗτος? 1 Is this not the son of Joseph? The people were making a statement, not asking a question. They did not expect others to verify for them who Jesus’ father was. Instead, they were using the question form to say how amazed they were. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach as well he did. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate these words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “This is just Joseph’s son!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 4 23 l220 figs-quotesinquotes πάντως ἐρεῖτέ μοι τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην, ἰατρέ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν; ὅσα ἠκούσαμεν γενόμενα εἰς τὴν Καφαρναοὺμ, ποίησον καὶ ὧδε ἐν τῇ πατρίδι σου 1 Surely you will say this proverb to me, ‘Doctor, heal yourself. Whatever we heard that happened in Capernaum, also do here in your hometown’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Surely you will quote the proverb to me that tells a doctor to heal himself, to ask me to do the same things here in my hometown that you heard happened in Capernaum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 4 23 u4ps writing-proverbs ἰατρέ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν 1 Doctor, heal yourself Jesus anticipates that the people will want to see him do miracles to prove his credibility. He uses a short popular saying of the culture to express this. This saying expresses a great deal of meaning in a few words. If it would be clearer in your language, you could expand it to make clear to your readers what it means. Alternate translation: “If a doctor cannot heal himself of a certain disease, then people will not believe that he can heal them of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
LUK 4 23 ww1w figs-explicit ὅσα ἠκούσαμεν γενόμενα εἰς τὴν Καφαρναοὺμ, ποίησον καὶ ὧδε ἐν τῇ πατρίδι σου 1 Whatever we heard that happened in Capernaum, also do here in your hometown Jesus then explains how the short saying applies to this situation. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implications of his explanation. Alternate translation: “We will not believe the things you say unless you can do the same kind of miracles here that we heard you did in Capernaum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 24 q3a9 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “What I am about to tell you is very true”
LUK 4 24 n2cp writing-proverbs οὐδεὶς προφήτης δεκτός ἐστιν ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ 1 no prophet is accepted in his hometown Jesus makes a short, general statement in order to rebuke the people. This saying expresses a great deal of meaning in a few words. If it would be clearer in your language, you could expand it to make clear to your readers what it means. Alternate translation: “You think you know all about me because I grew up here, and so you cannot accept that I am genuinely a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
LUK 4 25 u896 ἐπ’ ἀληθείας δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν 1 In truth I say to you Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “What I am about to tell you is very true”
LUK 4 25 l221 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἠλείου 1 during the days of Elijah Jesus is using the term **days** figuratively to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the time when Elijah was prophesying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 25 g8r3 figs-explicit ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἠλείου 1 during the days of Elijah The people to whom Jesus was speaking would have known that Elijah was one of God’s prophets. If your readers would not know that, you can make this implicit information explicit, as UST does. Alternate translation: “during the time when Elijah was prophesying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 25 l222 figs-activepassive ὅτε ἐκλείσθη ὁ οὐρανὸς 1 the sky was shut up If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when God shut up the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 25 spq7 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐκλείσθη ὁ οὐρανὸς 1 the sky was shut up Jesus figuratively describes the sky as if God had closed it so that no rain could fall from it. Alternate translation: “when no rain fell from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 4 25 ukl6 translate-unknown λιμὸς μέγας 1 a great famine A **famine** is a long period of time when the people in an area cannot produce or acquire enough food to feed themselves. Alternate translation: “a serious lack of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 4 26 l223 figs-activepassive πρὸς οὐδεμίαν αὐτῶν πέμφθη Ἠλείας 1 Elijah was sent to none of them except If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God did not send Elijah to any of them except” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 26 l224 grammar-connect-exceptions πρὸς οὐδεμίαν αὐτῶν ἐπέμφθη Ἠλείας, εἰ μὴ 1 Elijah was sent to none of them except If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “God only sent Elijah to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 4 26 zsi6 figs-explicit εἰς Σάρεπτα…πρὸς γυναῖκα χήραν 1 to Zarephath…to a widow woman The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Zarephath were Gentiles. Alternate translation: “to a Gentile widow living in Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 26 l225 translate-names εἰς Σάρεπτα τῆς Σιδωνίας 1 to Zarephath in Sidon **Zarephath** is the name of a city, and **Sidon** is the name of the region where it is located. This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 4 27 l226 figs-activepassive οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ἐκαθαρίσθη, εἰ μὴ 1 none of them were healed except If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Elisha did not heal any of them except” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 27 l227 grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ἐκαθαρίσθη, εἰ μὴ 1 none of them were healed except If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “Elisha only healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 4 27 l229 figs-explicit Ναιμὰν ὁ Σύρος 1 Naaman the Syrian The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Syria were Gentiles, not Jews. Alternate translation: “a Gentile, Naaman from Syria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 27 mbs2 translate-names Ναιμὰν ὁ Σύρος 1 Naaman the Syrian **Naaman** is the name of a man, and **Syrian** is the name of his people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 4 28 l230 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate that the event he will now relate, the people becoming enraged, came after the event he has just described, Jesus citing scriptures in which God helped Gentiles rather than Jews. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 4 28 ca1k figs-explicit ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ ἀκούοντες ταῦτα 1 all in the synagogue were filled with rage when they heard these things If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why the people of Nazareth became so angry. Alternate translation: “When the people in the synagogue heard Jesus say these things, they all became furious, because he had cited scriptures in which God helped Gentiles rather than Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 28 l231 figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ 1 all…were filled with rage If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “they all became furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 28 l232 figs-personification ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ 1 all…were filled with rage Luke speaks figuratively of the people’s **rage** as if it were something that could actively fill them. Alternate translation: “they all became furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 4 29 l233 figs-activepassive τοῦ ὄρους ἐφ’ οὗ ἡ πόλις ᾠκοδόμητο αὐτῶν 1 the hill on which their town was built If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the hill on which people had built their town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 29 l234 figs-explicit ὥστε κατακρημνίσαι αὐτόν 1 so as to throw him off The implication is that the people of Nazareth wanted to do this in order to kill Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “because they wanted to throw him off to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 30 k7dg διελθὼν διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν 1 passing through the midst of them Alternate translation: “slipping between the people who were trying to kill him”
LUK 4 30 m45c ἐπορεύετο 1 he went on his way Alternate translation: “he left that place”
LUK 4 31 ynf3 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate that the event he will now relate came after the event he has just described. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 4 31 ib1l figs-idiom κατῆλθεν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ 1 he went down to Capernaum Luke uses the phrase **went down** here because **Capernaum** is lower in elevation than Nazareth. Alternate translation: “went to Capernaum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 31 ky4y figs-explicit Καφαρναοὺμ, πόλιν τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Capernaum, a city in Galilee Since Nazareth was also in Galilee, you might say “Capernaum, another city in Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 32 qk28 figs-activepassive ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ 1 they were astonished at his teaching If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “his teaching amazed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 32 j4ee figs-metonymy ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ ἦν ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ 1 his word was with authority Luke is using the term **word** figuratively to describe the things that Jesus taught by using words. Alternate translation: “he taught as one who had authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 4 33 l235 grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 4 33 fax1 writing-participants ἦν ἄνθρωπος 1 there was a man Luke uses this phrase to mark the introduction of a new character into the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 4 33 i93n ἔχων πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου 1 who had a spirit of an unclean demon Alternate translation: “who was controlled by an evil spirit”
LUK 4 33 e539 figs-idiom ἀνέκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 he cried out with a loud voice This is an idiom that means the man raised the volume of his voice. Alternate translation: “he shouted loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 34 y1xh figs-rquestion τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ? 1 What to us and to you, Jesus of Nazareth? The unclean spirit is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect Jesus to explain what they have in common. Instead, he is using the question form to express his antagonism. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, Jesus of Nazareth!” or “You have no right to bother us, Jesus of Nazareth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 4 34 fkp2 figs-idiom τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί 1 What to us and to you This expression is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you” or “You have no right to bother us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 35 m8es ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων 1 Jesus rebuked him, saying Alternate translation: “Jesus said sternly to the demon”
LUK 4 35 l236 figs-activepassive φιμώθητι 1 Be silenced If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep quiet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 35 me6n ἔξελθε ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 come out of him Jesus is commanding the demon to stop controlling the man. Alternate translation: “leave him alone” or “do not live in this man any longer”
LUK 4 36 l237 figs-personification ἐγένετο θάμβος ἐπὶ πάντας 1 astonishment came upon everyone Luke speaks figuratively of **astonishment** as if it were something that actively **came upon** the people. Alternate translation: “they were all amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 4 36 l238 figs-metonymy τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος 1 What is this word Luke uses the term **word** figuratively to describe the things that Jesus taught by using words. Alternate translation: “What is this teaching” or “What is this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 4 36 h7wx figs-rquestion τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος? 1 What is this word? The people are making a statement, not asking a question. They do not expect anyone to explain what Jesus’ teaching is. Instead, they are using the question form to express how amazed they are that Jesus has the authority to command demons to leave a person. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate their words as a statement or exclamation. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “This is a powerful message!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 4 36 dgz3 figs-doublet ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ καὶ δυνάμει ἐπιτάσσει τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις πνεύμασιν 1 he commands the unclean spirits with authority and power The words **authority** and **power** mean similar things. The people use the two terms together to emphasize what great control Jesus has over unclean spirits. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms in a single phrase that would similarly express this emphasis. Alternate translation: “he has complete authority over the unclean spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 4 37 q25f writing-endofstory καὶ ἐξεπορεύετο ἦχος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 And news about him went out This is a comment about what happened after the story as a result of the events within the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 4 37 l239 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 4 37 xca8 figs-personification ἐξεπορεύετο ἦχος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 news about him went out Luke speaks figuratively of this **news** as if it were something that could spread around actively by itself. As in [4:14](../04/14.md), this expression means that those who heard about Jesus told other people about him, who told even more people about him. Alternate translation: “people began to spread the news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 4 38 jn3a writing-newevent δὲ 1 Then Luke uses this word to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 4 38 l240 writing-participants Σίμωνος 1 Simon Luke is introducing a new character into the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say a little bit more about him here to help them recognize him later. Alternate translation: “a man named Simon, who would become one of his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 4 38 l241 translate-names Σίμωνος 1 Simon This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 4 38 tf3d πενθερὰ…τοῦ Σίμωνος 1 Simon’s mother-in-law This means the mother of Simon’s wife. In your translation, you can use the term or expression in your own language for this relationship.
LUK 4 38 lls1 figs-idiom ἦν συνεχομένη πυρετῷ μεγάλῳ 1 was suffering with a high fever This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “She was very sick with a high fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 38 cp21 ἦν συνεχομένη πυρετῷ μεγάλῳ 1 was suffering with a high fever You can express this in the way your language and culture would. Alternate translation: “she was so sick that her skin was hot”
LUK 4 38 z3qz figs-explicit ἠρώτησαν αὐτὸν περὶ αὐτῆς 1 they asked him concerning her Implicitly this means they asked Jesus to heal her from the **fever**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they asked Jesus to heal her” or “they asked asked Jesus to cure her fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 39 pla1 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. He is indicating that Jesus did this because the people had pleaded with him on behalf of Simon’s mother-in-law. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 4 39 v8uf ἐπιστὰς ἐπάνω αὐτῆς 1 standing over her Alternate translation: “going and leaning over her”
LUK 4 39 ed8r ἐπετίμησεν τῷ πυρετῷ, καὶ ἀφῆκεν αὐτήν 1 he rebuked the fever, and it left her You can express this in the way your language and culture would. Alternate translation: “he commanded her skin to become cool, and it did” or “he commanded the sickness to leave her, and it did”
LUK 4 39 qtn7 figs-idiom διηκόνει αὐτοῖς 1 began to serve them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “began to prepare food for Jesus and the other people in the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 40 l242 figs-explicit δύνοντος δὲ τοῦ ἡλίο 1 when the sun was setting The implication is that the people waited until sunset because that marked the end of the Sabbath, and they could then do the “work” of bringing the sick to Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “when the sun was setting and the Sabbath day was ending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 40 zpk9 τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιτιθεὶς 1 laying his hands on Alternate translation: “placing his hands on” or “touching”
LUK 4 41 bp7b figs-explicit ἐξήρχετο…καὶ δαιμόνια 1 demons also came out The implication is that Jesus made the demons leave the people they were controlling. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus also forced demons to come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 41 ag15 figs-hendiadys κραυγάζοντα καὶ λέγοντα 1 crying out, and saying Luke is expressing a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The verb **crying out** tells how they were **saying** what follows. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “screaming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 4 41 dik3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 4 42 rt5n γενομένης…ἡμέρας 1 when it became day Alternate translation: “at sunrise” or “at dawn”
LUK 4 42 d1pr ἔρημον τόπον 1 a solitary place Alternate translation: “a deserted place” or “a place where there were no people”
LUK 4 42 l243 κατεῖχον αὐτὸν τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 they restrained him not to go away from them Alternate translation: “they tried to keep him from leaving them”
LUK 4 43 l244 figs-abstractnouns εὐαγγελίσασθαί…τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 proclaim the gospel about the kingdom of God See the discussion of this concept in Part 2 of the General Introduction to the Gospel of Luke. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “announce the good news that God is going to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 4 43 sjy1 figs-metonymy ταῖς ἑτέραις πόλεσιν 1 to other cities Jesus actually means the people who live in these cities. He is describing them figuratively by reference to something associated with them, the cities where they live. Alternate translation: “to the people in many other cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 4 43 b45z figs-activepassive ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἀπεστάλην 1 for this I was sent If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “this is the reason why God sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 44 s5mb figs-explicit τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 in Judea Since Jesus is in Galilee in this part of the Gospel of Luke, the term **Judea** here probably refers to the entire region where the Jews lived at that time. Alternate translation: “where the Jews lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 intro axr7 0 # Luke 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus calls Peter and his fellow fishermen to be his disciples (5:1–11)<br>2. Jesus travels to various towns teaching and healing (5:12–26)<br>3. Jesus calls Levi to be his disciple (5:27–32)<br>4. Jesus teaches about fasting (5:33–39)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “You will catch men”<br><br>Peter, James, and John were fishermen. When Jesus told them that they would catch men, he was using a metaphor to tell them he wanted them to help people believe the good news about him. See the last note to 5:10. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Sinners<br><br>When the people of Jesus’ time spoke of “sinners,” they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses. But when Jesus said that he came to call “sinners,” he meant that only people who understand that they are sinners who have disobeyed God can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as “sinners.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Fasting and Feasting<br><br>People would fast, or not eat food for a long time, when they were sad or in order to show God that they were sorry for their sins. When they were happy, such as during weddings, they would have feasts, or meals where they would eat much food. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fast]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Healthy and sick people<br><br>To correct the Pharisees, Jesus speaks of healthy people who do not need a doctor. This does not mean that there are people who do not need Jesus. Rather, Jesus was explaining why he spent time with people whom the Pharisees considered to be “sinners.” See the notes to 5:31–32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>In several parts of this chapter, as in other places in the book, Luke does not explain information that his original readers would already have understood. Modern readers might not know some of those things, so they might have trouble understanding all that Luke is communicating. The alternate translations in these notes and the readings in UST often illustrate how that information can be presented so that modern readers will be able to understand these passages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Past Events<br><br>Parts of this chapter are sequences of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Luke sometimes writes as if the events have already happened while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened.
LUK 5 1 zc8q writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 5 1 wsf8 figs-metonymy ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God Luke uses the term **word** figuratively here to describe the things that Jesus said by using words. Alternate translation: “the message Jesus was bringing from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 5 1 p6im translate-names τὴν λίμνην Γεννησαρέτ 1 the lake of Gennesaret This is another name for the body of water also known as the Sea of Galilee. Galilee was on the west side of this lake, and the land of Gennesaret was on the east side, so it was called by both names. Some English versions translate this as the proper name of the body of water. Alternate translation: “Lake Gennesaret” or “the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 5 2 t96r figs-explicit ἔπλυνον τὰ δίκτυα 1 were washing their nets The implication is that they were cleaning their fishing nets to maintain them so that they could keep using them to catch fish. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “were washing their nets to keep them clean and in good working order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 3 f7z8 ὃ ἦν Σίμωνος 1 which was Simon’s Alternate translation: “the one that belonged to Simon”
LUK 5 3 liq1 ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἐπαναγαγεῖν ὀλίγον 1 asked him to put out a little from the land Alternate translation: “asked Simon to move the boat away from the shore”
LUK 5 3 rc1z figs-explicit καθίσας 1 he sat down As in [4:20](../04/20.md), sitting was the customary position for teaching in this culture. Alternate translation: “he sat down, as teachers did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 3 vbx7 ἐδίδασκεν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου τοὺς ὄχλους 1 was teaching the crowds from the boat Jesus was in the boat a short distance from the shore and he was speaking to the people who were on the shore. Alternate translation: “was teaching the people while he sat in the boat”
LUK 5 4 rk9p figs-explicit ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν 1 whenhestopped speaking The implication is that Jesus had been **speaking** in order to teach the people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Jesus had finished teaching the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 5 l245 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς Σίμων εἶπεν 1 answering Simon said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Simon responded to Jesus’ instructions to take the boat out and let down the nets. Alternate translation: “Simon responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 5 5 wbb1 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ῥήματί σου 1 atyour word Peter uses the term **word** figuratively here to refer to what Jesus commanded him by using words. Alternate translation: “because you have told me to do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 5 7 n2fp κατένευσαν 1 they signaled to The Greek text does not specify how they **signaled**, but since they were some distance from the shore, it may have been by waving their arms rather than by calling out. You can use a general expression here. Alternate translation: “they summoned”
LUK 5 7 pr7m figs-explicit βυθίζεσθαι αὐτά 1 theybeganto sink If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the reason for this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they began to sink because the fish were so heavy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 8 r8j9 translate-symaction προσέπεσεν τοῖς γόνασιν Ἰησοῦ 1 hefell downatthekneesofJesus Be sure that it is clear in your translation that Peter did not fall down accidentally. Rather, bowing or lying down in front of Jesus was a sign of humility and respect. Alternate translation: “bowed down in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 5 8 j67m figs-gendernotations ἀνὴρ ἁμαρτωλός 1 asinfulman The word **man** here means “adult male,” not the more general “human being.” So Peter is not saying generally, “I am a sinful person.” He really does mean, “I personally am a sinful man.” Be sure that that is clear in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 5 9 l246 figs-personification θάμβος…περιέσχεν αὐτὸν 1 amazement had seized him Luke describes Peter’s **amazement** figuratively as if it were something that could actively take hold of him. Alternate translation: “he was completely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 5 9 c2eh figs-explicit τῇ ἄγρᾳ τῶν ἰχθύων 1 thecatchoffish The implication is that this was a very large **catch**. Alternate translation: “the great number of fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 10 l247 translate-names Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην, υἱοὺς Ζεβεδαίου 1 JamesandJohn, sonsofZebedee **James** and **John** are the names of men, and **Zebedee** is the name of their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 5 10 k4ft writing-participants κοινωνοὶ τῷ Σίμωνι 1 partners withSimon Luke provides this information to introduce these new participants in the story. Alternate translation: “who were Simon’s partners in the fishing business” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 5 10 u6zs figs-metaphor ἀνθρώπους ἔσῃ ζωγρῶν 1 you will be catching men Jesus is using the image of catching fish figuratively to describe gathering people to follow him. Alternate translation: “you will gather people for me” or “you will persuade people to become my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 12 j1xy writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 and it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 5 12 l248 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 12 r35h writing-participants ἀνὴρ πλήρης λέπρας 1 a man full of leprosy Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a man there who was covered with leprosy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 5 12 i3zk figs-idiom πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον 1 fell onhisface This is an idiom that means that he bowed down. Make sure that it is clear in your translation that the man did not fall down accidentally. Alternate translation: “knelt down and touched the ground with his face” or “bowed down to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 5 12 x7ss figs-declarative δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι 1 you can make me clean The man is actually using this statement to make a request. Alternate translation: “please make me clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 5 12 ys5f figs-explicit με καθαρίσαι 1 make me clean The man talks about becoming **clean** ceremonially, but it is implicit that he has become unclean because of his leprosy, so he is really asking Jesus to heal him of this disease. Alternate translation: “heal me from leprosy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 13 ziz1 figs-imperative καθαρίσθητι 1 Be clean This was not a command that the man was capable of obeying. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. Alternate translation: “I heal you from your leprosy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 5 13 l48a figs-personification ἡ λέπρα ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 theleprosy wentawayfromhim Luke speaks figuratively of the man’s **leprosy** as if it were something that could actively go **away from him**. Alternate translation: “the man no longer had leprosy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 5 14 q18t figs-quotations αὐτὸς παρήγγειλεν αὐτῷ, μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ ἀπελθὼν 1 heinstructedhimtotellno one,but, “Go” If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate all of Jesus’ instructions as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “He instructed him, ‘Do not tell anyone, but go’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 5 14 l249 figs-explicit μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν 1 to tellno one The implication is that the man is not to tell anyone that Jesus healed him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation, as a direct quotation: “Do not tell anyone that you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 14 v1wn figs-explicit προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου καθὼς προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς 1 offer a sacrifice for your cleansing, as Moses commanded Jesus assumes that the man will know that the law required a person who had been healed from a skin disease to make a specific sacrifice. This made the person ceremonially clean and they could participate once again in community religious activities. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “offer the sacrifice that Moses commanded so that you can become ceremonially clean once again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 14 jk14 figs-explicit εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 for a testimony to them A priest would have to examine the man and certify that he had been healed before he would be allowed to offer this sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to certify for everone that you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 14 nz37 writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 them This could mean either “the priests,” which is the interpretation that UST follows, or “all the people.” You could say either as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 5 15 ng3z figs-personification διήρχετο…μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 the word about him spread even more Luke speaks figuratively of this **word** as if it were something that could spread around actively by itself. This expression means that more and more people told others about what Jesus was doing. Alternate translation: “people spread the news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 5 15 q4t2 figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 the word about him Luke uses the term **word** figuratively to describes the news about Jesus that people spread by using words. Alternate translation: “the news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 5 15 l250 figs-activepassive θεραπεύεσθαι 1 tobehealed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “for Jesus to heal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 16 l251 αὐτὸς…ἦν ὑποχωρῶν 1 he was withdrawing This verb indicates habitual action. Alternate translation: “he often withdrew”
LUK 5 16 sv6f ταῖς ἐρήμοις 1 desertedplaces Alternate translation: “places where there were no other people”
LUK 5 17 mb8m writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 5 17 l252 figs-hyperbole ἐκ πάσης κώμης τῆς Γαλιλαίας, καὶ Ἰουδαίας 1 from every village of Galilee and Judea Luke generalizes by saying **every** in order to emphasize from how many different villages these religious leaders came. Alternate translation: “from villages throughout Galilee and Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 5 17 l253 figs-metaphor δύναμις Κυρίου ἦν εἰς τὸ ἰᾶσθαι αὐτόν 1 powerfrom theLordwas uponhim to heal As often in this book, **upon** is a spatial metaphor. In this case, it means that the power of the Lord was with Jesus in a special way, specifically, to enable him to heal people. Alternate translation: “the Lord was giving Jesus special power to heal people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 18 l254 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 18 cl7s writing-participants ἄνδρες φέροντες ἐπὶ κλίνης ἄνθρωπον ὃς ἦν παραλελυμένος 1 men carrying on a mat a man who was paralyzed Luke uses this phrase to introduce these new characters into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there were some men who were carrying a paralyzed man on a mat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 5 18 l9q8 translate-unknown κλίνης 1 a mat This was a portable bed that could also be used to transport a person. Alternate translation: “a stretcher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 5 18 z2n2 ἦν παραλελυμένος 1 whowas paralyzed Alternate translation: “who was unable to move by himself”
LUK 5 18 abc6 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 before him The term **before** here means “in front of.” Alternate translation: “in front of Jesus” or “where Jesus could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 19 y491 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ μὴ εὑρόντες ποίας εἰσενέγκωσιν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸν ὄχλον 1 And not finding awayto bringhiminbecauseofthecrowd If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “But because the crowd of people had filled the house, they could not find a way to bring the man inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 5 19 rkm6 figs-explicit διὰ τὸν ὄχλον 1 becauseofthecrowd The implication is that they could not enter because the crowd was so large that there was no room for them. Alternate translation: “because the crowd of people had filled the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 19 s7bm figs-explicit ἀναβάντες ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα 1 they went up onto the roof In this culture, houses had flat roofs, and many houses had a staircase outside that provided access to **the roof**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they went up the outside staircase onto the flat roof of the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 19 abc7 καθῆκαν αὐτὸν 1 and lethim down Alternate translation: “and lowered the man down”
LUK 5 19 l255 figs-ellipsis εἰς τὸ μέσον 1 into themidst Luke is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. Alternate translation: “into the midst of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 5 19 l85u figs-metaphor ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 before Jesus The term **before** here means “in front of.” Alternate translation: “in front of Jesus” or “where Jesus could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 20 l83a figs-explicit καὶ ἰδὼν τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν 1 And seeing their faith The implication is that through their actions, Jesus recognized that the friends of this paralyzed man strongly believed that he could heal him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly Alternate translation: “When Jesus recognized that the man’s friends were convinced that he could heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 20 z4ek ἄνθρωπε 1 Man This was a general word that people used in this culture when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. If your language has a term that it uses for this same purpose, you can use it in your translation here. Alternate translation: “Friend”
LUK 5 20 c7r7 figs-activepassive ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου 1 yoursinsareforgivenyou If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “I forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 21 l256 translate-unknown οἱ γραμματεῖς 1 the scribes Here and elsewhere in the book, this term does not refer to people who make copies of documents. Rather, it refers to people who were teachers of the Jewish law, which they had studied extensively. Alternate translation: “the teachers of the Jewish law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 5 21 l257 translate-names οἱ Φαρισαῖοι 1 the Pharisees This is the name of an important and powerful group of Jewish religious leaders in Jesus’ time. The name occurs many times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 5 21 ie5h figs-explicit διαλογίζεσθαι 1 to debate These men were not debating or arguing out loud, since the next verse shows that this was rather something they were thinking. So this implicitly means that they were wondering. Alternate translation: “to wonder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 21 l258 figs-quotemarks λέγοντες 1 saying Luke uses the word **saying** to introduce his quotation of what the religious leaders were thinking. If you indicate the quotation in some other way, such as with quotation marks or with some other punctuation or convention that your language uses, you do not need to represent this word in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
LUK 5 21 a86c figs-rquestion τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὃς λαλεῖ βλασφημίας? 1 Whoisthis whospeaksblasphemies? These religious leaders do not expect someone to tell them who Jesus is. Instead, they are using the question form to emphasize how inappropriate they think it is for Jesus to tell someone that he forgives their sins. As the next sentence explains, they think this mean Jesus was claiming to be God, and so in their view, he would be speaking **blasphemies**. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate their words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “This man is speaking blasphemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 5 21 s21n figs-rquestion τίς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ Θεός? 1 Whocan forgivesinsbutGodalone? Once again the religious leaders are using a question form for emphasis, and you can translate their words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one can forgive sins but God alone!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 5 22 z4k5 figs-explicit ἐπιγνοὺς…τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν 1 knowing their thoughts This phrase indicates that they were reasoning silently, so the implication is that Jesus sensed what they were thinking. Alternate translation: “sensing what they were thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 22 l259 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 answering said to them Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to what the religious leaders were thinking. Alternate translation: “responded to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 5 22 et8f figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν? 1 Whyare youdebatinginyourhearts? Jesus does not expect the religious leaders to explain why they are thinking these things. Instead, he is using the question form to emphasize that they should not be thinking them. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not be thinking these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 5 22 p2hj figs-metaphor διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 debatinginyourhearts The term **hearts** figuratively represents the thoughts of these people. Alternate translation: “thinking these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 23 zid2 figs-rquestion τί ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει? 1 Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk?’ Jesus is using the form of a question in order to teach. He wants to make the scribes and Pharisees reflect on the situation and realize something. There are many implications. For example, these religious leaders may take the question in the sense, “Which is easier to get away with saying?” The answer would be, “Your sins are forgiven,” because people don’t expect visual proof of that, whereas if someone says, “Get up and walk,” and nothing happens, then that proves the speaker doesn’t have the power to heal. But Jesus likely intends the question in a different sense: “Which is the easier way to deal with a situation like this?” It appears that the man’s sickness has something to do with his sins, because Jesus forgives them. So in such a situation, it would not be sufficient to say, “Get up and walk,” since it would address the effect but not the cause. But to say, “Your sins are forgiven,” would deal with both the cause and the effect, so that would be the easier way to deal with the situation. But there are many other implications that could also be drawn out as well—too many to include in the text of a translation. Rather, since the question form is intrinsic to Jesus’ teaching method, you may simply wish to retain it in your translation. However, to show that he is teaching, not asking for information, you could introduce his question with a phrase that indicates its purpose. Alternate translation: “Think about this. Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk?’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 5 23 l260 figs-quotesinquotes τί ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει? 1 Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Is it easier to tell someone that his sins are forgiven, or to tell him to get up and walk?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 5 24 f1lu figs-123person ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 that the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “that I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 5 24 l261 figs-explicit ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 that the Son of Man The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses it to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “that the Messiah” or, in the first person, “that I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 24 l262 figs-imperative ἔγειρε 1 get up As in [5:13](../05/13.md), this was not a command that the man was able to obey. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. Alternate translation: “I heal you, so you can get up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 5 25 agg3 figs-explicit καὶ παραχρῆμα ἀναστὰς 1 And immediately he got up The implication is that the man was able to get up because Jesus had healed him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “And all at once the man was healed, so he got up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 25 l263 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν 1 before them The term **before** here means “in front of.” Alternate translation: “in front of everyone” or “where everyone could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 26 l264 figs-personification ἔκστασις ἔλαβεν ἅπαντας 1 amazement seized of them all Luke describes the **amazement** of the crowd figuratively as if it were something that could actively take hold of the people. Alternate translation: “they were all completely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 5 26 f6tp figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν φόβου 1 they were filled with fear If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “fear filled them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 26 l265 figs-personification ἐπλήσθησαν φόβου 1 they were filled with fear Luke describes the **fear** of the crowd figuratively as if it were something that could actively fill the people. Alternate translation: “they became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 5 27 k6r2 writing-newevent καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα 1 And after these things Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event. The expression **these things** refers to what the previous verses describe. Alternate translation: “After that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 5 27 abc8 writing-pronouns ἐξῆλθεν 1 he went out The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus left that house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 5 27 xf15 ἐθεάσατο τελώνην 1 saw a tax collector The word that Luke uses for **saw** indicates that Jesus gave careful attention to this man when he saw him. Alternate translation: “observed a tax collector” or “looked carefully at a tax collector”
LUK 5 27 l266 figs-idiom ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Follow me In this context, to **follow** someone means to become that person’s disciple. Alternate translation: “Become my disciple” or “Come, follow me as your teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 5 27 b3tr figs-imperative ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Follow me This is not a command, but an invitation. Jesus is encouraging Levi to do this if he wants. Alternate translation: “I want you to become my disciple” or “I invite you to come and follow me as your teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 5 28 phw9 figs-hyperbole καταλιπὼν πάντα 1 leaving everything behind The word **everything** here is a generalization that refers to Levi’s position as a tax collector and the advantages that came with it. Alternate translation: “he left his work as a tax collector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 5 28 abc0 figs-events καταλιπὼν πάντα, ἀναστὰς 1 leaving everything behind, he got up If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “he got up and left everything behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
LUK 5 29 l267 grammar-connect-time-sequential καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate that the event he will now relate came after the event he has just described. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 5 29 g6yt writing-pronouns ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 in his house The pronoun **his** refers to Levi, not to Jesus. Alternate translation: “in his own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 5 29 ip2m translate-unknown κατακείμενοι 1 reclining to eat In this culture, the manner of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. Alternate translation: “lying on banqueting couches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 5 30 n82u writing-pronouns πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ 1 to his disciples In this case, the pronoun **his** refers to Jesus, not to Levi. Alternate translation: “to Jesus’ disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 5 30 tmm5 figs-rquestion διὰ τί μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίετε καὶ πίνετε? 1 Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners? The Pharisees and scribes are using the question form to express their disapproval. They believed that religious people should separate themselves from people whom they considered to be sinners If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate their words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not eat and drink with sinful tax collectors!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 5 30 pi2x figs-you ἐσθίετε καὶ πίνετε 1 you eat and drink The word **you** is plural, since the Pharisees are speaking to the disciples as a group, not to one particular disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 5 30 l268 figs-merism ἐσθίετε καὶ πίνετε 1 eat and drink The Pharisees are figuratively using the two components of a meal to mean an entire meal. Alternate translation: “share meals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 5 30 ze7y figs-hendiadys μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν 1 with tax collectors and sinners The Pharisees may be expressing a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The previous verse says that there were many **tax collectors** at this banquet. So the term **sinners** may tell what the Pharisees thought these **tax collectors** were. Alternate translation: “with sinful tax collectors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 5 31 l269 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 answering Jesus said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to what the religious leaders were complaining about. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 5 31 t6iv writing-proverbs οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ὑγιαίνοντες ἰατροῦ, ἀλλὰ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες 1 People who are well do not have need of a physician, but those who have sickness Jesus begins his response by quoting or creating a proverb, a short saying about something that is generally true in life. This proverb draws a figurative comparison. Just as sick people need to see a doctor to be healed, so sinners need to see Jesus in order to be forgiven and restored. But since Jesus explains the comparison in the next verse, you do not need to explain it here. Rather, you can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “People who are well do not need to see a doctor, people who are sick do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
LUK 5 31 i9gn figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες 1 but those who have sickness The proverb expresses the idea compactly, and so it leaves out some words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply those words. Alternate translation: “rather, it is people who are sick who need a doctor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 5 32 g993 figs-nominaladj δικαίους 1 the righteous Luke is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 5 32 l270 figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλοὺς εἰς μετάνοιαν 1 but sinners to repentance Once again Jesus expresses the idea compactly and leaves out some words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply those words. Alternate translation: “rather, I came to call sinners to repentance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 5 32 l271 figs-abstractnouns εἰς μετάνοιαν 1 to repentance If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **repentance** with a verb. Alternate translation: “to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 5 33 f6g6 writing-pronouns οἱ δὲ εἶπαν 1 Then they said The word **they** refers to the Pharisees and scribes. Alternate translation: “Then the religious leaders said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 5 33 l272 figs-explicit Ἰωάννου 1 John The Pharisees and scribes assume that Jesus will know that they are referring to **John** the Baptist. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 33 l273 figs-explicit οἱ δὲ σοὶ ἐσθίουσιν καὶ πίνουσιν 1 But thoseof yourseatanddrink There is an implied challenge and question in this observation. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “But your disciples do not fast, and we want you to tell us why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 33 l274 figs-merism ἐσθίετε καὶ πίνετε 1 eat and drink The Pharisees are figuratively using the two components of a meal to mean an entire meal. Alternate translation: “continue to have meals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 5 34 l275 figs-doublenegatives μὴ δύνασθε τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐν ᾧ ὁ νυμφίος μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ποιῆσαι νηστεύειν? 1 You cannot make the sons of the bridal chamber fast while the bridegroom is with them, can you The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that answer. ULT shows this by adding **can you?** Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “Can you actually make the groom’s party at a wedding fast while the groom is still with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 5 34 hxe1 figs-rquestion μὴ δύνασθε τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐν ᾧ ὁ νυμφίος μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ποιῆσαι νηστεύειν? 1 You cannot make the sons of the bridal chamber fast while the bridegroom is with them, can you? Jesus is using the question form to teach. He wants the scribes and Pharisees to reflect on the actions of his disciples in light of a situation they are already familiar with. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one tells the groom’s party at a wedding to fast while the groom is still with them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 5 34 q9k2 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ νυμφῶνος 1 the sons of the bridal chamber The expression **sons of** is a Hebrew idiom that means a person shares the qualities of something. In this case, Jesus is describing people who share the quality of being an integral part of a wedding. These are the male friends who attend the groom during the ceremony and the festivities. Alternate translation: “the groom’s party” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 5 35 z8ex figs-idiom ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι καὶ 1 Butthedayswillindeedcome Jesus is using the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “But there will certainly be a time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 5 35 he9p figs-metaphor ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος 1 the bridegroom will be taken away from them Jesus is speaking of himself figuratively as the **bridegroom**, and of his disciples as the groom’s party. He does not explain the metaphor, so you do not need to explain it in your translation unless you think your readers will not understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 5 35 l276 figs-activepassive ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος 1 the bridegroom will be taken away from them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “someone will take the bridegroom away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 35 l277 figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 inthosedays Jesus is again using the term **days** figuratively to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 5 36 a4zs figs-parables ἔλεγεν δὲ καὶ παραβολὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς 1 Then he also spoke a parable to them Jesus gives a brief illustration that teaches something true in a way that is easy to understand and remember. Alternate translation: “Then he gave them this illustration to help them understand better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 5 36 qz5e ἐπιβάλλει ἐπὶ ἱμάτιον παλαιόν 1 sews it onto an old garment Alternate translation: “uses it to patch an old garment”
LUK 5 36 xj2y figs-hypo εἰ δὲ μή γε 1 But if not Jesus uses this expression to introduce a hypothetical situation that explains the reason why a person would not actually mend a garment in that way. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone did do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 5 37 n35t translate-unknown ἀσκοὺς 1 wineskins These were bags made out of animal skins for holding wine. If your readers would not be familiar with **wineskins**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “leather bags” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 5 37 l278 figs-hypo εἰ δὲ μή γε 1 But if not Jesus uses this expression once again to introduce a hypothetical situation that explains the reason why a person would not put new wine in an old wineskin. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone did do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 5 37 ac7w figs-explicit ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς 1 the new wine would burst the wineskins When the new wine fermented and expanded, it would break the old skins because they could no longer stretch out. Jesus’ audience would have understood this information about wine fermenting and expanding and about old leather losing its suppleness. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “the new wine would burst the old wineskins because they would no longer be able to expand when the wine fermented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 37 dw18 figs-activepassive αὐτὸς ἐκχυθήσεται 1 it would be spilled out If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the wine would spill out of the bags” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 37 l279 figs-activepassive οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπολοῦνται 1 the wineskins would be destroyed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the leather bags would tear and become useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 38 ijm3 ἀσκοὺς καινοὺς 1 new wineskins See how you translated the term **wineskins** in [5:37](../05/37.md). Alternate translation: “fresh leather bags”
LUK 5 39 l280 figs-ellipsis οὐδεὶς πιὼν παλαιὸν θέλει νέον 1 No one, after drinking the old, wants the new Jesus is leaving out some of the words. You can supply them in your translation if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “No one who is used to drinking old wine wants to try new wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 5 39 pvn9 figs-metaphor οὐδεὶς πιὼν παλαιὸν θέλει νέον 1 No one, after drinking the old, wants the new Jesus is figuratively contrasting the old teaching of the religious leaders with his own new teaching. The point is that people who are used to the old teaching are not receptive to the new things that he is bringing. Jesus does not explain the metaphor, so you do not need to explain it in your translation unless you think your readers will not understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 intro vv2y 0 # Luke 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus teaches about the Sabbath (6:1–11)<br>2. Jesus chooses twelve apostles (6:12–16)<br>3. Jesus teaches about being his disciple (6:17–49)<br><br>The long teaching in Luke 6:20-49 begins with blessings and woes that are similar to the beginning of the long teaching in Matthew 5-7. That part of Matthew has traditionally been called the “Sermon on the Mount.” The teaching here in Luke has many other similarities with the one in Matthew’s gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Eating the grain”<br><br>When the disciples plucked and ate the grain in a field they were walking through on the Sabbath (Luke 6:1), the Pharisees said that they were breaking the law of Moses. The Pharisees said this because they thought that the disciples were doing work by picking the grain, and so they were disobeying God’s command to rest and not work on the Sabbath. The Pharisees did not think the disciples were stealing. That is because the law of Moses told farmers to allow travelers to pluck and eat small amounts of grain from plants in fields that they traveled through or near. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The twelve disciples<br><br>The following are the lists of the twelve disciples:<br><br>In Matthew:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Mark:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Luke:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>The man whom Luke calls Jude the son of James is probably the same man whom Matthew and Mark call Thaddaeus. However, you do not need to explain that in your translation or give both names. You can translate Luke’s list as he wrote it, and allow Bible teachers to explain the reason for the difference.
LUK 6 1 c4sa writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 6 1 x5zk translate-unknown σπορίμων 1 thegrainfields These were large sections of land where people had scattered wheat seed in order to grow more wheat. Wheat is a kind of **grain** plant, and **grain** is a type of large grass that has edible seeds. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “the areas where people were growing plants with edible seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 1 rl46 translate-unknown στάχυας 1 heads of grain The **heads** are the topmost part of the **grain** plant. They hold the mature, edible seeds. Alternate translation: “the parts that held the seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 1 h9fy figs-explicit ψώχοντες ταῖς χερσίν 1 rubbing them in their hands The implication is that they did this to separate out the grain seeds. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “rubbing them in their hands to separate the seeds from the other parts of the plant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 2 z32z figs-rquestion τί ποιεῖτε ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν τοῖς Σάββασιν? 1 Why are you doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath? The Pharisees are using the question form to make an accusation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate their words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You are doing something that the law does not permit you to do on the Sabbath!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 2 m76z figs-explicit τί ποιεῖτε ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν τοῖς Σάββασιν? 1 Why are you doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath? The Pharisees considered even the small action of plucking and rubbing heads of grain to be harvesting, and therefore work. You could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You are harvesting grain, and that is work that the law does not permit you to do on the Sabbath!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 2 dum1 figs-you τί ποιεῖτε 1 Why are you doing The word **you** here is plural. It refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 6 3 l281 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 answeringthem,Jesussaid Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the objection that the Pharisees raised. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 6 3 vih6 figs-rquestion ὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς, καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄντες 1 Have you not read this, what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him Jesus does not expect the Pharisees to tell him whether they have read this passage in the Scriptures. Instead, he is using the question form to emphasize that the Pharisees should have learned a principle from that passage that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate his words as a statement. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “The Scriptures suggest otherwise, in the passage that tells what David did when he and those who were with him were hungry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 4 l282 ὡς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 how he entered into the house of God If you made the first part of the quotation in [6:3](../06/03.md) a separate sentence, begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He entered into the house of God”
LUK 6 4 l283 figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 thehouseofGod Jesus speaks figuratively of the tabernacle as the **house of God** as if it were the place where God lived, since God’s presence was there. Alternate translation: “the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 4 yyh2 translate-unknown τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 the bread of the presence This phrase refers to loaves of **bread** that were placed on a table in the temple as an offering to God. They represented how the people of Israel lived in the **presence** of God. Alternate translation: “the bread that was offered to God” or “the bread that showed God lived among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 4 l284 οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ μόνους τοὺςἱερεῖς 1 whichisnotlawfultoeat,exceptonly forthepriests It may be helpful to make this a separate senence. Alternate translation: “The law says that only the priests can eat that bread”
LUK 6 5 h453 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 6 5 l285 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 5 xy9h figs-metaphor Κύριός ἐστιν τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 is Lord of the Sabbath The title **Lord** figuratively describes Jesus’ authority over the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “has authority over the Sabbath” or, if you translated in the first person, “have authority over the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 6 p1ee writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 6 6 d44q writing-participants ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖ 1 there was a man there This expression introduces a new character into the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 6 6 t77y translate-unknown ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἡ δεξιὰ ἦν ξηρά 1 his right hand was withered This means that the man’s **hand** was damaged in such a way that he could not stretch it out. It was probably bent almost into a fist, making it look smaller. Alternate translation: “his right hand was shriveled” or “his right hand was atrophied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 7 q3sh writing-pronouns παρετηροῦντο…αὐτὸν 1 were watching him The word **him** refers to Jesus, not to the man with the withered hand. Alternate translation: “were watching Jesus carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 6 7 c1qe figs-ellipsis ἵνα εὕρωσιν κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ 1 sothattheymightfind to accuse him Luke is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. Alternate translation: “because they wanted to find something that they could accuse him of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 6 8 d7zu figs-explicit στῆθι εἰς τὸ μέσον 1 stand in the midst The implication is that Jesus wanted this man to stand where everyone could see him. Alternate translation: “stand here where everyone can see you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 9 j8y7 writing-pronouns πρὸς αὐτούς 1 to them The term **them** refers to the scribes and Pharisees. Alternate translation: “to the scribes and Pharisees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 6 9 m5yz figs-rquestion ἐπερωτῶ ὑμᾶς, εἰ ἔξεστιν τῷ Σαββάτῳ ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι, ψυχὴν σῶσαι ἢ ἀπολέσαι? 1 I ask you, is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save a life or to destroy? Jesus asks this question to get the Pharisees to admit that it is legitimate to heal on the Sabbath. The intent of the question is therefore rhetorical. Jesus is not trying to obtain information, he wants someone to admit that something is true. However, Jesus says, “I ask you,” so this question is not like other rhetorical questions that might appropriately be translated as statements. This one should be translated as a question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 9 dc6f ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι 1 to do good or to do harm Alternate translation: “to help someone or to harm someone”
LUK 6 10 abcb writing-pronouns περιβλεψάμενος πάντας αὐτοὺς, εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 he looked around at them all and said to him The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and **him** refers to the man with the withered hand. Alternate translation: “Jesus looked around at them all and said to the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 6 10 x77k figs-imperative ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου 1 Stretch out your hand This was not a command that the man was capable of obeying. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. Alternate translation: “I heal you, so you can stretch out your hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 6 10 hce1 figs-activepassive ἀποκατεστάθη ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ 1 his hand was restored If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “his hand became healthy again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 11 l286 figs-activepassive αὐτοὶ…ἐπλήσθησαν ἀνοίας 1 they were filled with rage If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “they became furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 11 l287 figs-personification αὐτοὶ…ἐπλήσθησαν ἀνοίας 1 they were filled with rage Luke speaks figuratively of the **rage** of the scribes and Pharisees as if it were something that could actively fill them. Alternate translation: “they became furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 6 11 l288 figs-explicit τί ἂν ποιήσαιεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 what they might do to Jesus The implication is that these religious leaders perceived Jesus as a threat and they wanted to get rid of him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 12 e4s7 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 6 12 gzn1 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις 1 in those days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “around that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 12 l289 ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ὄρος 1 he went out to the mountain While the term **mountain** is definite here, it does not seem to refer to a specific, identifiable mountain. Rather, as many languages do, here the Greek is using a definite expression in a general sense. Alternate translation: “Jesus went up a mountain” or “Jesus climbed a high hill”
LUK 6 12 l7by figs-explicit ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ὄρος 1 he went out to the mountain The implication is that Jesus did this so that he could be alone and pray about whom to choose as his disciples. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus went up a mountain where he could be alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 13 vep8 ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡμέρα 1 when day came Alternate translation: “The next morning”
LUK 6 13 j9w7 writing-pronouns ἐκλεξάμενος ἀπ’ αὐτῶν δώδεκα 1 he chose 12 from them The term **them** refers to the disciples. Alternate translation: “he chose twelve of those disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 6 13 zgh6 οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν 1 whom he also named apostles The term **apostle** comes from a Greek word that originally meant “messenger” or “delegate.” It took on a specialized meaning within the community of Jesus’ followers to mean one of the 12 men whom Jesus chose to be his authoritative representatives. Many languages have borrowed the Greek word to use in this sense. But if your language has developed its own special term for this role, use it in your translation. Alternate translation: “and he appointed them to be apostles”
LUK 6 14 l290 translate-names Σίμωνα…Πέτρον…Ἀνδρέαν…Ἰάκωβον…Ἰωάννην…Φίλιππον…Βαρθολομαῖον 1 Simon…Peter…Andrew…James…John…Philip…Bartholomew These are seven men’s names. (The second name is a nickname for the first man.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 6 14 zdq3 writing-pronouns Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ 1 his brother Andrew The term **his** refers to Simon. Alternate translation: “Simon’s brother, Andrew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 6 15 l291 translate-names Μαθθαῖον…Θωμᾶν…Ἰάκωβον Ἁλφαίου…Σίμωνα 1 Matthew…Thomas…James…Alphaeus…Simon These are the names of five men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 6 15 l292 figs-explicit Μαθθαῖον 1 Matthew This man is often identified with the man named Levi whom Jesus calls to follow him in [5:27](../05/27.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 15 et48 translate-names Ζηλωτὴν 1 the Zealot The term **Zealot** could mean one of two things. (1) It could be a title that indicates that this man was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the Patriot” (2) It could be a description that indicates that this man was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the Passionate One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 6 16 l293 translate-names Ἰούδαν Ἰακώβου 1 Judas son of James **Judas** is the name of a man, and **James** is the name of his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 6 16 l294 translate-names Ἰούδαν Ἰσκαριὼθ 1 Judas Iscariot **Judas** is the name of a man, and **Iscariot** is a distinguishing term that most likely means he came from the village of Kerioth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 6 16 g24m figs-explicit ὃς ἐγένετο προδότης 1 who became a traitor It may be helpful to explain what **traitor** means in the context of this story. Alternate translation: “who later betrayed Jesus to his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 17 i5gv writing-pronouns μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 with them In this context, the term **them** refers to all of the disciples whom Jesus called to himself in [6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “with his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 6 17 l295 figs-hyperbole ἀπὸ πάσης 1 from all This is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “from throughout” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 6 18 dpj5 figs-activepassive ἰαθῆναι 1 to be healed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “for Jesus to heal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 18 wfm9 figs-activepassive καὶ οἱ ἐνοχλούμενοι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων ἐθεραπεύοντο 1 And those who were troubled by unclean spirits were being healed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Jesus also drove evil spirits out of the people they were controlling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 19 l296 figs-hyperbole πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος…πάντας 1 the whole crowd…everyone In this case these terms are not generalizations, and so you can translate them directly, rather than with explanatory words such as “most” or “many.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 6 19 y2cl figs-personification δύναμις παρ’ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο καὶ ἰᾶτο πάντας 1 power was coming out from him and healing everyone Luke speaks figuratively of this **power** as if it were something that could actively come out of Jesus and heal people. Alternate translation: “Jesus was using the power that God gave him to heal everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 6 20 l297 figs-idiom αὐτὸς ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 helifteduphiseyes This is an idiom that means “he looked,” but it means that he looked carefully and considerately. Alternate translation: “he gazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 20 ymg7 figs-idiom μακάριοι 1 Blessed are This expression indicates that God is giving favor to people and that their situation is positive or good. Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 20 xj9v figs-nominaladj οἱ πτωχοί 1 the poor Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are poor” or “you who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 6 20 y18c figs-abstractnouns ὅτι ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for yours is the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “because God is ruling your lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 6 20 k34r ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 yours is the kingdom of God This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “the kingdom of God belongs to you” or (2) “you are privileged within the kingdom of God”
LUK 6 21 l344 figs-idiom μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες νῦν 1 Blessed are those who are hungry now As in [6:20](../06/20.md), the expression **blessed** indicates that God is giving favor to people or that their situation is positive or good. Alternate translation: “You who are hungry now receive God’s favor” or “You who are hungry now are in a positive situation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 21 l298 figs-activepassive χορτασθήσεσθε 1 youwillbefilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “you will get enough to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 21 l299 figs-idiom μακάριοι οἱ κλαίοντεςνῦν 1 Blessed are those who are weeping now Alternate translation: “You who are weeping now receive God’s favor” or “You who are weeping now are in a positive situation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 21 tg8m figs-metonymy γελάσετε 1 you will laugh Jesus is figuratively describing people being happy by association with one thing that people do when they are happy. Alternate translation: “you will laugh with joy” or “you will become joyful again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 6 22 h8ii figs-idiom μακάριοί ἐστε 1 Blessed are you As in [6:20](../06/20.md), the expression **blessed** indicates that God is giving favor to people or that their situation is positive or good. Alternate translation: “You receive God’s favor” or “How good it is for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 22 l300 figs-metonymy ἐκβάλωσιν τὸ ὄνομα ὑμῶν ὡς πονηρὸν 1 rejectyournameasevil The term **name** is a figurative way of referring to the reputation of a person. Alternate translation: “consider you to have a bad reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 6 22 jz7x ἕνεκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 because of the Son of Man Alternate translation: “because you associate with the Son of Man” or “because they reject the Son of Man”
LUK 6 22 l301 figs-123person ἕνεκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 because of the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person, using this title to emphasize to the special role that God has given him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “because you associate with me, the Son of Man” or “because they reject me, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 6 22 l302 figs-explicit ἕνεκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 because of the Son of Man See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “because you associate with me, the Messiah” or “because they reject me, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 23 bw14 figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 in that day Jesus uses the term **day** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “when they do those things” or “when that happens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 23 d97t figs-idiom σκιρτήσατε 1 leap for joy This is an idiom that means to be extremely joyful. Jesus is not telling the disciples literally to jump into the air. Alternate translation: “be very happy” or “celebrate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 23 l303 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 for behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get his disciples to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “because, listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 23 e3kb ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς 1 your reward is great Your language may require you to say who will do this action. Alternate translation: “God will reward you greatly”
LUK 6 23 l304 figs-metaphor οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν 1 their fathers The term **fathers** here figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “their ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 24 c6lu figs-idiom οὐαὶ ὑμῖν 1 woe to you The phrase **woe to you** is the opposite of “blessed are you.” It indicates that bad things are going to happen to the people being addressed, because they have displeased God. Alternate translation: “how terrible it is for you” or “trouble will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 24 v1bp figs-nominaladj τοῖς πλουσίοις 1 the rich Jesus is using the adjective **rich** as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 6 24 cs2e figs-explicit ἀπέχετε τὴν παράκλησιν ὑμῶν 1 you have received your comfort Jesus is drawing a series of contrasts between what the poor and the rich have now and what they will have later. So the implication is that while the rich have enjoyed ease and prosperity in this life, if they become complacent in those things, they will not enjoy it afterwards. Alternate translation: “you have already received in this life anything that will make you comfortable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 25 l305 figs-idiom οὐαὶ ὑμῖν 1 woe to you See how you translated this in [6:24](../06/24.md). Alternate translation: “how terrible it is for you” or “trouble will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 25 de8m figs-activepassive οἱ ἐμπεπλησμένοι 1 who are filled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “who have more than enough to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 25 l8nr figs-metonymy οἱ γελῶντες 1 who are laughing The word **laughing** refers figuratively to being happy, by association with something that people do when they are happy. Alternate translation: “who are happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 6 25 l306 figs-hendiadys πενθήσετε καὶ κλαύσετε 1 mourn and weep The phrase **mourn and weep** expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The word **mourn** tells why these people are weeping. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “weep mournfully” or “weep because you are so sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 6 26 tn96 figs-idiom οὐαὶ 1 woe to you See how you translated this in [6:24](../06/24.md). Alternate translation: “how terrible it is for you” or “trouble will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 26 j9yy figs-gendernotations ὅταν ὑμᾶς καλῶς εἴπωσιν πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 when all men speak well of you Jesus is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “when all people speak well of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 26 l307 figs-hyperbole ὅταν ὑμᾶς καλῶς εἴπωσιν πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 when all men speak well of you The term **all** is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “when most people speak well of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 6 26 y29d figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ…ἐποίουν τοῖς ψευδοπροφήταις οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν 1 their fathers did according to the same things to the false prophets The word **fathers** here figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “their ancestors also spoke well of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 27 l5rz writing-participants ἀλλὰ ὑμῖν λέγω τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 But I say to you who are listening Jesus uses this phrase to broaden his audience to the entire crowd, beyond his disciples. At the same time, the phrase also calls everyone to focus their attention on what Jesus is about to say. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Now I want all of you to listen carefully to what I am about to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 6 27 pz5r figs-parallelism ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, καλῶς ποιεῖτε τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς 1 loveyourenemiesanddogoodtothose whohateyou These two phrases mean similar things. Jesus is using repetition to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase specifies in what way followers of Jesus are to **love** their enemies. They are to do this in a practical way by helping them. Alternate translation: “do good things for people even if they are hostile to you” or “show love to your enemies who hate you by doing things to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 6 28 c83m figs-parallelism εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμᾶς, προσεύχεσθε περὶ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς 1 Blessthosewhocurseyouandpray forthosewhomistreatyou These two phrases mean similar things. Jesus is using repetition to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Instead, you could combine them into a single phrase. However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase specifies one in which followers of Jesus can **bless** people who mistreat them. They can pray for them. Alternate translation: “Ask God to bless people who say and do bad things to you” or “Say good things to people who say bad things to you, and even if someone treats you badly, pray that God will help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 6 29 a7ri figs-hypo τῷ τύπτοντί σε 1 To the one who strikes you on the cheek, offer also the other Jesus is a hypothetical situation to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone hits you on one side of your face. Then turn your face so that he could also strike the other side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 6 29 l308 figs-youcrowd σε…σου 1 you…your Even though Jesus is still speaking to his disciples and the crowd, he is now addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. But if the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 6 29 d5qi ἐπὶ τὴν σιαγόνα 1 on the cheek Alternate translation: “on one side of your face”
LUK 6 29 eq83 figs-explicit πάρεχε καὶ τὴν ἄλλην 1 offer also the other It may be helpful to state the implicit purpose of this action. Alternate translation: “turn your face so that he could also strike the other side, to show that you do not want to fight and you are not resisting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 29 l309 figs-hypo ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντός σου τὸ ἱμάτιον, καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα μὴ κωλύσῃς 1 from the one who takes away your cloak, also do not withhold your tunic Jesus is using another hypothetical situation to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone takes away your cloak. Then give him your tunic as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 6 29 ic4n figs-litotes καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα μὴ κωλύσῃς 1 also do not withhold your tunic Jesus uses a figure of speech here that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “give him your tunic as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 6 30 d8y6 figs-hypo παντὶ αἰτοῦντί σε, δίδου 1 Give to everyone who asks you Jesus is using another hypothetical situation to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone asks you for something. Then give it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 6 30 l310 figs-youcrowd σε…σὰ 1 you…yours Even though Jesus is speaking to his disciples and the crowd, he is addressing another individual situation here, so **you** and **yours** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you can use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 6 30 ts8c figs-hypo ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντος τὰ σὰ, μὴ ἀπαίτει 1 from the one who takes away what is yours, do not ask for it back Jesus is using another hypothetical situation to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone takes away something that is yours. Then do not demand that he give it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 6 31 te6e καθὼς θέλετε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ποιεῖτε αὐτοῖς ὁμοίως 1 as you desire that men would do to you, do the same to them In some languages it might be more natural to reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “You should treat people in the way that you would want them to treat you”
LUK 6 31 l311 figs-gendernotations καθὼς θέλετε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 as you desire that men would do to you Jesus is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “what you wish people would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 31 l312 figs-you ὑμῖν 1 you Jesus now returns to speaking to his disciples and the crowd about general situations, so **you** is plural here and in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 6 32 qh81 figs-rquestion ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν? 1 what credit is that to you? Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool here, to make a point and get his listeners to reflect on it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “God will not reward you for doing that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 33 l313 figs-rquestion ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν? 1 what credit is that to you? Once again Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. You could translate his words as a statement here as well. Alternate translation: “God will not reward you for doing that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 34 l314 figs-rquestion ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν? 1 what credit is that to you? Jesus is using the question form once again as a teaching tool. You could also translate his words as a statement here. Alternate translation: “God will not reward you for doing that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 34 kgc9 figs-nominaladj ἵνα ἀπολάβωσιν τὰ ἴσα 1 so that they may receive back the same things The adjective **same** functions as a noun here. It is plural, and ULT supplies the noun **things** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent phrase. The adjective is also neuter, and this is a use of the neuter plural in Greek to refer to a single thing in order to describe it in its entirety. Alternate translation: “expecting that everything they lent will be repaid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 6 35 s8j7 μηδὲν ἀπελπίζοντες 1 expecting nothing in return Alternate translation: “without expecting the person to pay you back”
LUK 6 35 l315 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 3 and This word introduces the results of what has been said so far in this verse. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 6 35 ly98 ἔσται ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολύς 1 your reward will be great Your language may require you to say who will do this action. Alternate translation: “God will reward you greatly”
LUK 6 35 zw5k figs-metaphor υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου 1 sons of the Most High This is a figurative expression. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **sons** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 35 l316 figs-gendernotations υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου 1 sons of the Most High Jesus is using the word **sons** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “children of the Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 35 qr5x υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου 1 sons of the Most High Make sure that the word **sons** or “children” in your translation is plural and not capitalized, if your language uses that convention for titles, so that readers do not confuse this expression with the title for Jesus, **the Son of the Most High**, which occurs in [1:32](../01/32.md) and [8:28](../08/28.md).
LUK 6 35 l317 figs-idiom Ὑψίστου 1 the Most High See how you translated the expression **the Most High** in [1:32](../01/32.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “the Most High God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 6 35 l318 figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς 1 the ungrateful and evil Jesus is using the adjectives **ungrateful** and **evil** here as nouns, to refer groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this pair of words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are ungrateful and evil” or “people who do not thank God and who do wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 6 36 n28w figs-metaphor ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν 1 your Father This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the **Father** of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God your Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 37 a8c7 μὴ κρίνετε 1 do not judge Your language may require you to specify the object of **judge**. Alternate translation: “Do not judge other people”
LUK 6 37 e8fb figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ κριθῆτε 1 you will certainly not be judged If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Jesus does not say exactly who would not judge. There are two possibilities. Alternate translations: (1) “God will not judge you” or (2) “other people will not judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 vkl8 καὶ μὴ καταδικάζετε 1 do not condemn Your language may require you to specify the object of **condemn**. Alternate translation: “Do not condemn other people”
LUK 6 37 gz37 figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ καταδικασθῆτε 1 you will certainly not be condemned If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Jesus does not say exactly who would not condemn. There are two possibilities. Alternate translations: (1) “God will not condemn you” or (2) “other people will not condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 l319 ἀπολύετε 1 Forgive Your language may require you to specify the object of **Forgive**. Alternate translation: “Forgive other people”
LUK 6 37 a22w figs-activepassive ἀπολυθήσεσθε 1 you will be forgiven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Jesus does not say exactly who would forgive. There are two possibilities. Alternate translations: (1) “God will forgive you” or (2) “other people will forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 ryf8 figs-activepassive δοθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be given to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Jesus does not say exactly who will give. There are two possibilities. Alternate translation: (1) “God will give to you” or (2) “other people will give to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 q8sq figs-metaphor μέτρον καλὸν, πεπιεσμένον σεσαλευμένον ὑπερεκχυννόμενον, δώσουσιν εἰς τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν 1 a good measure—pressed down, shaken together, spilling over—they will pour into your lap Jesus speaks figuratively of either of God or people giving like generous grain merchant. The word **they** is indefinite, so it does not necessarily refer to people rather than to God. You could represent this metaphor as a simile in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Like a generous grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much that it fills a container and spills over, God will give you a generous amount” or “Like a generous grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much that it fills a container and spills over, people will give you a generous amount” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 38 l320 figs-activepassive πεπιεσμένον σεσαλευμένον ὑπερεκχυννόμενον, δώσουσιν εἰς τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν 1 pressed down, shaken together, spilling over—they will pour into your lap These are all passive verb forms in Greek. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them with active verbal phrases. See the alternate translation in the previous note. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 l321 translate-unknown τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν 1 your lap This is a reference to the way people in this culture would form a pocket or carrying pouch from the folds of the front of their robes. If you readers would not be familiar with this practice, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the folds of your robe” or “a container” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 38 fp26 figs-activepassive ᾧ…μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 with the measure by which you measure, it will be measured back to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Jesus does not say exactly who will measure. There are two possibilities. Alternate translation: (1) “God will give to you in just as generous or stingy a way as you give to others” or (2) “people will give to you in just as generous or stingy a way as you give to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 39 bw7f figs-parables εἶπεν δὲ καὶ παραβολὴν αὐτοῖς 1 Then he also told them a parable Jesus is giving a brief illustration that teaches something true in a way that is easy to understand and remember. Alternate translation: “Then he gave them this illustration to help them understand better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 6 39 l322 figs-gendernotations μήτι δύναται τυφλὸς τυφλὸν ὁδηγεῖν? 1 Ablindmanisnotabletoguideablindman,ishe? The word translated **blind man** here is masculine, but Jesus is using it in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “Can one person who is blind guide another person who is blind?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 39 l323 figs-doublenegatives μήτι δύναται τυφλὸς τυφλὸν ὁδηγεῖν? 1 Ablindmanisnotabletoguideablindman,ishe? The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding **is he?** Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “Can one person who is blind really guide another person who is blind?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 6 39 kyt1 figs-rquestion μήτι δύναται τυφλὸς τυφλὸν ὁδηγεῖν? 1 Ablindmanisnotabletoguideablindman,ishe? Jesus is not expecting the people in the crowd to tell him whether one **blind** person can guide another. He is using the question form as a teaching tool, to make a point and get his listeners to reflect on it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “We all know that one blind person cannot guide another blind person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 39 nm4v figs-metaphor τυφλὸς 1 blind man The **blind** person figuratively represents someone who has not yet been fully trained and taught as a disciple. But since Jesus explains this figure in the next three verses, you do not need to explain it explicitly here in your own translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 39 f4xj figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον ἐμπεσοῦνται? 1 Would not both fall into a pit? Jesus is using this question as well as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Both of them would certainly fall into a ditch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 40 ipr9 figs-metaphor οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 A disciple is not above his teacher The word **above** creates a spatial metaphor. Alternate translation: “A disciple is not better than his teacher” or “A disciple is not greater than his teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 40 l324 figs-explicit οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 A disciple is not above his teacher If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what this implicitly means. Alternate translation: “A disciple does not know more than his teacher” or “A disciple is not wiser than his teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 40 a6ym figs-activepassive κατηρτισμένος…πᾶς 1 everyone having been fully trained If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 41 l7vj figs-rquestion τί…βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ οὐ κατανοεῖς? 1 why do you look at the speck of wood that is in the eye of your brother, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “do not look at the speck in your brother’s eye while ignoring the log in your own eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 41 jpt3 figs-metaphor τί…βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 why do you look at the speck of wood that is in the eye of your brother This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “you should not criticize the less important faults of a fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 41 l325 figs-youcrowd βλέπεις…σου…τῷ ἰδίῳ…οὐ κατανοεῖς 1 you look…your…you do not notice…your own Even though Jesus is still speaking to his disciples and the crowd, he is addressing an individual situation here, so **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. But if the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you can use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 6 41 j1r5 translate-unknown κάρφος 1 the speck of wood If your readers would not be familiar with **wood**, in your translation you can use a phrase that describes the smallest thing that commonly falls into a person’s eyes in your culture, or you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the grain of sand” or “the tiny object” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 41 ud6q figs-metaphor τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 your brother The term **brother** figuratively refers to a fellow believer in Jesus. Alternate translation: “a fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 41 l326 figs-gendernotations τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 your brother This fellow believer could be either a man or a woman, so be sure that this is clear in your translation, for example, by using both the masculine and feminine forms of the word for “believer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 41 ssu3 figs-metaphor τὴν δὲ δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ οὐ κατανοεῖς 1 but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “while ignoring your own serious faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 41 l327 figs-hyperbole τὴν…δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ 1 the log that is in your own eye A log could not literally go into a person’s eye. Jesus is exaggerating to emphasize his point and make it memorable. Alternate translation: “your own serious faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 6 41 h9a4 translate-unknown δοκὸν 1 the log You could translate this with the term for the kind of long, large piece of **wood** that people in your culture would encounter. Or if your readers would not be familiar with **wood**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the beam” or “the plank” or “the large object” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 42 l345 figs-youcrowd πῶς δύνασαι λέγειν τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου 1 How can you say to your brother Jesus is speaking to his disciples and the crowd, but he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular here. (The terms **you**, **your**, and **yourself** are also singular throughout the rest of this verse, because either Jesus is addressing an individual situation, or one person is addressing another in fictional dialogue.) If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you can use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 6 42 rkk6 figs-rquestion πῶς δύνασαι λέγειν 1 How can you say Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool, not to ask for information. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 42 l346 figs-metaphor τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, ἀδελφέ, ἄφες 1 toyourbrother, ‘Brother, let me’ The term **brother** figuratively means a fellow believer in Jesus. So in its first instance here, you could translate the term the way you did in [6:41](../06/41.md). But since it is realistic that in dialogue one believer might address another believer as **Brother** or “Sister,” you could retain the figurative term in its second instance. Alternate translation: “to a fellow believer, ‘Brother,’ or ‘Sister, let me’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 42 l328 figs-metaphor ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σου 1 let me take out the speck of wood that is in your eye This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “let me help you correct some of your faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 42 l329 figs-metaphor αὐτὸς τὴν ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ δοκὸν οὐ βλέπων 1 you yourself do not see the log that is in your own eye This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “you yourself are not correcting your own serious faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 42 l330 figs-hyperbole τὴν ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ δοκὸν 1 the log that is in your own eye A log could not literally go into a person’s eye. Jesus is continuing to exaggerate to emphasize his point and make it memorable. Alternate translation: “your own serious faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 6 42 l331 figs-metaphor ἔκβαλε πρῶτον τὴν δοκὸν ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σοῦ 1 first take out the log from your own eye This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “first recognize and correct your own serious faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 42 l332 figs-metaphor τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ἐκβαλεῖν 1 take out the speck of wood that is in the eye of your brother This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “help a fellow believer correct his or her faults” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 43 ezb4 grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For Jesus uses this word to introduce the reason for what the previous sentence said. Alternate translation: “This is because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 6 43 u159 figs-litotes οὐ…ἐστιν δένδρον καλὸν ποιοῦν καρπὸν σαπρόν 1 thereisnogoodtreethatproducesrottenfruit Jesus is using a figure of speech that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “a healthy tree naturally produces good fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 6 43 pi3u figs-metaphor οὐ…ἐστιν δένδρον καλὸν ποιοῦν καρπὸν σαπρόν 1 thereisnogoodtreethatproducesrottenfruit This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “a person of good character naturally says and does helpful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 43 l333 figs-litotes οὐδὲ…δένδρον σαπρὸν ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλόν 1 nor…any rottentreethatproducesgoodfruit Jesus is once again expressing a positive meaning figuratively by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “an unhealthy tree naturally produces bad fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 6 43 l334 figs-metaphor οὐδὲ…δένδρον σαπρὸν ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλόν 1 nor…any rottentreethatproducesgoodfruit This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “but a person of bad character naturally says and does harmful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 44 z1vz figs-activepassive ἕκαστον…δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται 1 each tree is known by its own fruit If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who does the action. Alternate translation: “people recognize a tree by the fruit that it bears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 44 l335 figs-metaphor ἕκαστον…δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται 1 each tree is known by its own fruit This is a metaphor. Alternate translation: “each person’s words and actions reveal his or her character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 44 l336 figs-parallelism οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου σταφυλὴν τρυγῶσιν 1 they do not gather figs from a thornbush, nor do they gather grapes from a briar bush These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition for emphasis and to capture the interest of his listeners. You do not need to put both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Instead, you could combine them into a single general expression. Alternate translation: “people do not collect the kind fruit that grows on a tree or a vine from a small, thorny bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 6 44 ns81 translate-unknown ἀκανθῶν 1 a thornbush This term refers to a kind of plant that has sharp protective spines on its stem. If your readers would not know what a **thornbush** is, in your translation you could use the name of another plant that does not produce edible fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 44 ux87 translate-unknown βάτου 1 a briar bush This term refers to a kind of plant that has thorny stems growing in dense clusters. If your readers would not know what a **briar bush** is, in your translation you could use the name of another plant that does not produce edible fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 45 fd19 figs-gendernotations ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος 1 The good man The word **man** here refers to any person, male or female. Alternate translation: “A righteous person” or “a moral person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 45 kz5k figs-metaphor ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ τῆς καρδίας 1 from the good treasure of his heart Jesus is speaking figuratively of the good thoughts of a righteous person as if they were treasures stored deep inside that person. Alternate translation: “the good things that he keeps deep inside himself” or “the good things that he values deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 45 i93l figs-metaphor τῆς καρδίας 1 of his heart In this expression, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “that he keeps deep inside himself” or “that he values deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 45 gpn9 figs-metaphor προφέρει τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 produces what is good Producing what is good, the way a tree would produce fruit, is a metaphor for doing what is good. Alternate translation: “does what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 45 l337 figs-ellipsis ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 from evil For rhetorical purposes, Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. The meaning can be inferred from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “from the evil treasure of his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 6 45 y2cj figs-metaphor ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 from evil Once the meaning is inferred, it is clear that Jesus is speaking figuratively of the evil thoughts of a wicked person as if they were treasures stored deep inside that person, and of the **heart** figuratively to represent the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “from the evil things that he keeps deep inside himself” or “from the evil things that he values deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 45 l338 figs-metaphor ἐκ…περισσεύματος καρδίας λαλεῖ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ 1 out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks In this expression as well, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “what a person is thinking and feeling is expressed in what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 45 jc6z figs-synecdoche ἐκ…περισσεύματος καρδίας λαλεῖ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ 1 out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks The phrase **his mouth** represents the person as a whole, in the action of speaking. Alternate translation: “what a person is thinking and feeling comes out in what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 6 46 a4av τί…με καλεῖτε Κύριε, Κύριε 1 why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord’ The repetition of these words indicates that these people regularly called Jesus **Lord**. Alternate translation: “why are you always calling me ‘Lord’”
LUK 6 47 wwu5 πᾶς ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρός με…ὑποδείξω ὑμῖν τίνι ἐστὶν ὅμοιος 1 Everyone who is coming to me…I will show you what he is like If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I will tell you what every person is like who comes to me”
LUK 6 47 l339 figs-metonymy μου τῶν λόγων 1 my words Jesus uses the term **words** figuratively to refer to the teachings he is giving by using words. Alternate translation: “my teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 6 47 i3tg figs-simile ὑποδείξω ὑμῖν τίνι ἐστὶν ὅμοιος 1 I will show you what he is like Jesus says this to introduce the simile in the next verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 6 48 l340 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδομοῦντι οἰκίαν 1 a man building a house Jesus is using the word **man** in the generic sense here. Alternate translation: “a person building a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 48 cw41 translate-unknown ἔσκαψεν καὶ ἐβάθυνεν καὶ ἔθηκεν θεμέλιον ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν 1 dugdownanddugdeepandlaidafoundationontherock The **foundation** is the part of a **house** that connects it to the ground. People in Jesus’ time dug down into the ground until they reached a layer of solid **rock**, and then they began to build **on the rock**. You could describe this more fully in your translation. Alternatively, if the people of your culture would not be familiar with laying the **foundation** of a **house** on bedrock, you could instead describe how they would ensure that a dwelling was safe and stable. Alternate translation: “dug down deep enough to reach a layer of solid rock and set the foundation of the house on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 48 l341 figs-hendiadys ἔσκαψεν καὶ ἐβάθυνεν 1 dugdownanddugdeep This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The expression **dug deep** tells what goal the person had when he or she **dug down**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “dug down deep enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 6 48 dp2a translate-unknown τὴν πέτραν 1 the rock This means the layer of hard **rock** that lies deep under the soil. Alternate translation: “bedrock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 48 qc2z ποταμὸς 1 torrent of water Alternate translation: “floodwaters”
LUK 6 48 h75u figs-metonymy οὐκ ἴσχυσεν σαλεῦσαι αὐτὴν 1 could not shake it Jesus is figuratively describing what the waters would do at first to represent what they would ultimately do if they could. This meaning is clear from what he says in the next verse. Alternate translation: “could not destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 6 48 tu5j figs-activepassive διὰ τὸ καλῶς οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν 1 because it had been built well If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “because the person had built it well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 49 sjf5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But Jesus uses this word to draw a strong contrast to the previous person who built with a foundation. Alternate translation: “However” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 6 49 l347 figs-ellipsis ὁ…ἀκούσας καὶ μὴ ποιήσας 1 the one who hears and does not do Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from [6:47](../06/47.md). Alternate translation: “anyone who hears my teachings but does not put them into practice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 6 49 wg4w figs-simile ὅμοιός ἐστιν 1 he is like Jesus says this to introduce the simile that follows in the rest of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 6 49 l342 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδομήσαντι οἰκίαν 1 a man who built a house Jesus is using the word **man** in the generic sense here. Alternate translation: “a person who built a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 6 49 yu5r translate-unknown ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν χωρὶς θεμελίου 1 on the ground without a foundation This refers to the same method of building as in [6:48](../06/48.md). You could describe this more fully in your translation. Alternatively, if the people of your culture would not be familiar with that building method, you can use the same image for creating a stable building that you used there in your translation. Alternate translation: “without digging down first to create a foundation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 6 49 l5jj ποταμὸς 1 torrent of water Alternate translation: “floodwaters”
LUK 6 49 q98t συνέπεσεν 1 collapsed Alternate translation: “fell down or came apart”
LUK 6 49 jm86 ἐγένετο τὸ ῥῆγμα τῆς οἰκίας ἐκείνης μέγα 1 the ruin of that house was great Your language may require you to say what was responsible for the **ruin** of the **house**. Alternate translation: “the floodwaters completely demolished that house”
LUK 7 intro u8gj 0 # Luke 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus does miracles in Capernaum and Nain (7:1–17)<br>2. Jesus responds to messengers from John the Baptist and then teaches about John (7:18–35)<br>3. A woman anoints Jesus with perfume (7:36–50)<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. ULT does this with the quoted material in 7:27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Centurion<br><br>A centurion was a Roman military commander. The centurion who asked Jesus to heal his slave (Luke 7:2) was doing some unusual things. A Roman soldier, especially an officer, would almost never go to a Jew for help, and most wealthy people did not love or care for their slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/centurion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### John’s Baptism<br><br>This chapter refers again to the baptism of John (7:29). John baptized people who wanted to show that they knew they were sinners and that they were sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### “Sinners”<br><br>In 7:34, Jesus describes how the Pharisees said he was a friend of “sinners.” These Jewish leaders thought that such people did not understand the law of Moses, and so they were disobeying it. That is why they called them “sinners.” In reality, it was the leaders who were sinful, because they rejected Jesus, the Savior whom God had sent. This situation can be understood as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### Washing feet<br><br>The feet of the people in the ancient Near East were very dirty because they wore sandals and the roads and trails were dusty and muddy. Only slaves washed other people’s feet. The woman who washed Jesus’ feet was showing him great honor.
LUK 7 1 l343 figs-metonymy τὰ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ 1 his words Luke is using the term **words** figuratively to describe the things that Jesus taught by using words. Alternate translation: “his teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 7 1 zi6w figs-idiom εἰς τὰς ἀκοὰς τοῦ λαοῦ 1 in the hearing of the people This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as the people were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 1 l2zp writing-newevent εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Καφαρναούμ 1 he entered into Capernaum This reference to a location introduces a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “he went into the city of Capernaum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 7 2 l348 grammar-connect-time-background δέ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 7 2 zm98 figs-activepassive ὃς ἦν αὐτῷ ἔντιμος 1 whowashighlyregardedbyhim If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whom the centurion greatly valued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 3 l349 διασώσῃ 1 save In this context, the word **save** has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “heal”
LUK 7 4 hm7l παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν σπουδαίως 1 theyaskedhimearnestly Alternate translation: “they pleaded with him” or “they begged him”
LUK 7 4 y6vt writing-pronouns ἄξιός ἐστιν 1 He is worthy The term **he** here refers to the centurion, not the servant. Alternate translation: “This centurion is worthy” or “This centurion deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 7 5 cny7 figs-inclusive τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 1 our nation This refers to the Jewish people. Since the elders are speaking to Jesus as a fellow Jew, the word **our** would be inclusive, if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
LUK 7 6 l350 grammar-connect-logic-result δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to show that Jesus went with the elders either after they pleaded with him, which ULT indicates with “Then,” or because they pleaded with him, which UST indicates with “So.” Use the expression in your translation that you think will be clearest for your readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 7 6 s5xg ἐπορεύετο 1 went on his way Alternate translation: “went along”
LUK 7 6 el4w figs-litotes οὐ μακρὰν…ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας 1 not far away from the house Luke is expressing a positive meaning figuratively by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “near the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 7 6 i6kv μὴ σκύλλου 1 do not trouble yourself The centurion is speaking politely to Jesus through these friends. Alternate translation: “I do not want to make you go out of your way”
LUK 7 6 ez29 figs-idiom ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην μου εἰσέλθῃς 1 that you would come under my roof This phrase **come under my roof** is an idiom that means “come into my house.” If your language has an idiom that means “come into my dwelling,” consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 7 m9ue figs-metonymy εἰπὲ λόγῳ 1 speak with a word The centurion understood that Jesus could heal the servant just by speaking. Jesus did not need to travel all the way to his home. The term **word** expresses the means by which Jesus would speak. Alternate translation: “just give a command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 7 7 m6v8 ὁ παῖς μου 1 my servant This is not the same word for **servant** that Luke and the centurion use in the rest of this passage. This word ordinarily means “boy.” This may indicate that the servant was young, or it may show the centurion’s affection for him. Alternate translation: “my young servant” or “my dear servant”
LUK 7 8 tkd5 figs-activepassive καὶ…ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπός εἰμι ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος 1 I also am a man placed under authority If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I also have someone in authority over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 8 q2ep figs-metaphor ὑπ’ ἐμαυτὸν 1 under me This is a spatial metaphor that describes the authority relationship. Alternate translation: “under my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 8 mdd5 τῷ δούλῳ μου 1 my servant The word that ULT translates here as **servant** is the typical word for a servant, as in [7:2](../07/02.md) and [7:3](../07/03.md). It is not the word that usually means “boy,” as in [7:7](../07/07.md).
LUK 7 9 tpz9 writing-pronouns ἐθαύμασεν αὐτόν 1 he marveled at him The term **him** refers to the centurion. Alternate translation: “he was amazed at the centurion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 7 9 w8pi λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell the people in the crowd. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 7 9 j76u figs-explicit οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ τοσαύτην πίστιν εὗρον 1 not even in Israel have I found such faith The implication is that Jesus expected Jewish people to have this kind of **faith**, but they did not. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of **faith**, yet this man did. It may be helpful to say this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “I have not found anyone among the Israelites who trusts me as much as this Gentile does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 9 l351 figs-metonymy οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ 1 not even in Israel Jesus used the name of the nation, **Israel**, to represent the people who belong to that nation. Alternate translation: “not…anyone among the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 7 9 l352 figs-idiom τοσαύτην πίστιν εὗρον 1 have I found such faith The term **found** is an idiom here. The word does not suggest that Jesus was searching for something he had lost. Alternate translation: “have I encountered such faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 10 g4ny figs-activepassive οἱ πεμφθέντες 1 those who had been sent If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the friends whom the Roman officer had sent to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 11 l353 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 7 11 l354 figs-idiom ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς 1 on the next day This expression could mean literally the next day, as ULT says, or Luke may be using the term **day** figuratively to refer a particular time, as UST suggests by saying “soon after that.” You could say either thing in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 12 l355 writing-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 7 12 l356 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 12 l357 writing-participants ἐξεκομίζετο τεθνηκὼς 1 one who had died was being carried out Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a man who had died, and he was being carried out of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 7 12 zr69 figs-activepassive ἐξεκομίζετο τεθνηκὼς 1 one who had died was being carried out If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who was doing the action. Alternate translation: “people were carrying a man who had died out of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 12 l358 figs-explicit ἐξεκομίζετο 1 was being carried out Luke assumes that his readers will know that the people were carrying the man out of the city in order to bury him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “people were carrying…out of the city for burial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 12 n96r writing-background μονογενὴς υἱὸς τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ; καὶ αὐτὴ ἦν χήρα 1 the only begotten son of his mother (and she was a widow) This is background information about the dead man and his mother. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here and to introduce it in a way that shows it is background information. Alternate translation: “Now he was his mother’s only son, and she was a widow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 7 12 i5iv figs-explicit μονογενὴς υἱὸς τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ; καὶ αὐτὴ ἦν χήρα 1 the only begotten son of his mother (and she was a widow) The implication is that in this culture, when her son died, the woman lost her only means of support, since her husband had also died. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now he was his mother’s only son, and she was a widow, so he had been her only means of support” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 13 l359 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 7 13 fa42 figs-explicit ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ’ αὐτῇ 1 was moved with compassion for her The implication is that feeling compassion led Jesus to want to do something for this woman. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “felt very sorry for her and wanted to help her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 14 quy9 translate-unknown τῆς σοροῦ 1 the bier This was a stretcher or bed used to move the body to the burial place. It was not necessarily something in which the body was buried. Alternate translation: “the wooden frame that was holding the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 7 14 lex4 figs-imperative ἐγέρθητι 1 arise This was not a command that the man was capable of obeying. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be raised from the dead. Alternate translation: “your life is restored, so get up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 7 15 er34 ὁ νεκρὸς 1 the dead man The man was not still dead. He was now alive. It may be helpful to state this clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who had been dead”
LUK 7 15 l360 writing-pronouns ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 hegavehimtohismother The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and **him** and **his** refer to the young man. Alternate translation: “Jesus returned the young man to his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 7 16 rf1k figs-personification ἔλαβεν…φόβος πάντας 1 fear seized all of them Luke speaks of this **fear** figuratively as if it were something that could actively take hold of everyone in the crowd. Alternate translation: “they all became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 7 16 l361 figs-idiom προφήτης μέγας ἠγέρθη ἐν ἡμῖν 1 A great prophet has been raised among us The term **raised** here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God has caused one of us to become a great prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 16 jf1j figs-activepassive προφήτης μέγας ἠγέρθη ἐν ἡμῖν 1 A great prophet has been raised among us If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God has caused one of us to become a great prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 16 wn5b figs-idiom ἐπεσκέψατο 1 God has visited his people The term **visited** is an idiom here, as in [1:68](../01/68.md) and [1:78](../01/78.md). Alternate translation: “God has come to help his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 17 g4zt figs-personification ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος οὗτος…περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 this word about him went out Luke speaks figuratively of this **word** (that is, those sayings) as if it were something that could spread around actively by itself. His expression means that people said these things about Jesus to other people, and those people then repeated them to still more people. Alternate translation: “people spread these sayings about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 7 18 r11g writing-newevent ἀπήγγειλαν Ἰωάννῃ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ πάντων τούτων 1 his disciples reported to John concerning all these things This sentence introduces a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “the disciples of John told him about all these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 7 18 r11g writing-newevent οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ 1 his disciples The term **his** refers to John the Baptist, not to Jesus. Alternate translation: “the disciples of John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 7 18 l362 figs-explicit Ἰωάννῃ 1 John Luke assumes that his readers will know he is referring to John the Baptist. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 18 jf5m figs-explicit πάντων τούτων 1 all these things The implication is that this refers to Jesus healing the centurion’s servant and restoring the life of the widow’s son. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the things that Jesus had just done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 19 l363 τὸν Κύριον 1 the Lord Luke is referring to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 7 19 l364 λέγων 1 to say Alternate translation: “to ask”
LUK 7 19 l365 figs-you σὺ 1 you Since this question would be for Jesus alone, **you** is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 7 19 l400 figs-explicit ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1 theonewhoiscoming This expression implicitly means “the Messiah.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 20 ftb7 figs-quotesinquotes οἱ ἄνδρες εἶπαν, Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς ἀπέστειλεν ἡμᾶς πρὸς σὲ λέγων, σὺ εἶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἢ ἄλλον προσδοκῶμεν? 1 the men said, “John the Baptist has sent us to you to say, ‘Are you the one who is coming, or should we expect another?’” If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the men told Jesus that John the Baptist had sent them to him to ask, ‘Are you the one who is coming, or should we expect someone else?’” or “the men said, ‘John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask if you are the one who is coming, or whether we expect someone else.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 7 20 l366 translate-names Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς 1 John the Baptist John’s disciples use the term **Baptist** here as a title to identify the man named John who had sent them. The term means “one who baptizes.” Because the word “Baptist” is associated with a group of churches in many parts of the world, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different form of the word as a title, as UST does. Alternatively, you could use a phrase. Alternate translation: “John the Baptizer” or “John, the one who baptizes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 7 20 l367 λέγων 1 to say Alternate translation: “to ask”
LUK 7 20 l368 figs-you σὺ 1 you Since this question is for Jesus alone, **you** is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 7 20 l369 figs-explicit ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1 theonewhoiscoming This expression means “the Messiah.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 21 ys1b figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 In that hour Luke uses the term **hour** figuratively here to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “At that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 21 a7sm figs-ellipsis ἐθεράπευσεν πολλοὺς ἀπὸ νόσων, καὶ μαστίγων, καὶ πνευμάτων πονηρῶν 1 healed many from sicknesses and afflictions and evil spirits Luke is telling the story in a compressed way here, and he does not distinguish clearly between healing of sickness and deliverance from evil spirits. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that distinction more explicitly. Alternate translation: “he healed many people of sicknesses that they were suffering from, and he drove evil spirits out of many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 7 21 l370 figs-hendiadys νόσων, καὶ μαστίγων 1 sicknesses and afflictions The phrase **sicknesses and afflictions** expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The word **afflictions** describes the effect of the **sicknesses** on the people who had them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “sicknesses that they were suffering from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 7 21 l371 τυφλοῖς πολλοῖς ἐχαρίσατο βλέπειν 1 tomanyblindpeoplehegrantedtosee Alternate translation: “he enabled many blind people to see again”
LUK 7 22 lcm2 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 answering he said to them Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that after healing and delivering many people, Jesus responded to the question that John’s messengers had asked him. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded to the messengers whom John had sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 7 22 l372 figs-youdual πορευθέντες…εἴδετε 1 you have gone…you have seen Since Jesus is speaking to two men, **you** would be dual, if your language uses that form. Otherwise, the word would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
LUK 7 22 fvz7 figs-activepassive λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται…νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται, πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται 1 lepers are being cleansed…the dead are being raised back to life, the poor are being told the gospel If it would be clearer in your language, you could say all of these things with active forms. Alternate translation: “people who had leprosy no longer have that disease…people who were dead are coming back to life, poor people are hearing the good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 22 l373 figs-explicit λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται 1 lepers are being cleansed As in [5:12](../05/12.md), since the lepers were unclean because of their leprosy, the implication is that Jesus healed them from the disease. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “people who had leprosy no longer have that disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 22 qbe3 figs-nominaladj κωφοὶ…νεκροὶ…πτωχοὶ 1 the deaf…the dead…the poor Luke is using these adjectives as nouns. If your language does not use adjectives that way, you can translate them with noun phrases. Alternate translation: “people who were deaf…people who were dead…poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 7 23 y4px figs-activepassive μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐὰν μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί 1 blessed is anyone who is not offended by me If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the person who always continues to trust me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 23 i7zh figs-litotes μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί 1 who is not offended by me Jesus is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “who always continues to trust me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 7 24 abcd writing-pronouns ἤρξατο λέγειν 1 hebegantosay The word **he** refers to Jesus here. Alternate translation: “Jesus began to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 7 24 h9dw figs-rquestion τί ἐξήλθατε εἰς τὴν ἔρημον θεάσασθαι? κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον? 1 What did you go out into the desert to see? A reed shaken by the wind? Jesus is using these questions as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show that consequently he expects a negative answer. You could also translate these words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Did you go out into the desert just to see a reed that the wind was shaking? Of course not!” or “Surely you did not go out into the desert just to see a reed that the wind was shaking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 24 l374 figs-activepassive κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 A reed shaken by the wind If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “A reed that the wind was shaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 24 gbv9 figs-explicit κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 A reed shaken by the wind The implication seems to be that a reed swaying in the breeze by the banks of the Jordan River is a commonplace sight that no one would make a trip out into the desert just to see. Alternate translation: “An ordinary thing such as a reed that the wind was shaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 25 tcp3 figs-rquestion ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν? ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον? 1 But what did you go out to see? A man dressed in soft clothes? Jesus is using these questions as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show that consequently he expects a negative answer. You could also translate these words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Did you go out to see a man wearing splendid clothing? Of course not!” or “You certainly did not go out to see a man wearing splendid clothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 25 a1wu figs-explicit ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον? 1 A man dressed in soft clothes? Luke assumes that readers will know that John wore crude, rugged clothing. Like his residence in the desert, his clothing was a symbolic protest against the established order. As such, it would have been offensive rather than attractive. So no one would have gone out to see a person dressed that way. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “A man wearing splendid clothing? You would not have gone to hear John if that was what you wanted to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 25 l375 figs-explicit ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον 1 dressed in soft clothes This refers to luxurious clothes, since normal clothing was rough. Alternate translation: “wearing splendid clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 25 l376 figs-activepassive ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον 1 dressed in soft clothes If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “wearing splendid clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 25 l377 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get the crowd to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 25 nn75 figs-explicit τοῖς βασιλείοις 1 king’s palaces A palace is a large, elaborate house where a king or queen would live. The implication is that a celebrity-watcher might go to a palace to try to catch a glimpse of royalty. But certainly no one would go out into the desert to try to see someone famous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 26 ym8l figs-rquestion ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν? προφήτην? 1 Butwhatdidyougoouttosee?Aprophet? Jesus is giving the answer to the repeated question that he has been using as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show that this time the question leads to a positive answer. You could also translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Did you go out to see a prophet? Yes, that was why!” or “You actually went out to see a prophet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 26 ix16 ναί, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Yes,Isaytoyou Jesus says this to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully”
LUK 7 26 r7ud figs-idiom περισσότερον προφήτου 1 morethanaprophet This is an idiom that means that John was indeed a prophet, but that he was even greater than a typical prophet. Alternate translation: “not just an ordinary prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 27 cg3r figs-activepassive οὗτός ἐστιν περὶ οὗ γέγραπται 1 This is he concerning whom it is written If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “This is the one about whom one of the prophets wrote” or “John is the one about whom the prophet Malachi wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 27 wt2m figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold God, speaking through the prophet Malachi, uses the term **Behold** to emphasize the importance of what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 27 s8hg figs-metaphor πρὸ προσώπου σου 1 before your face The term **face** figuratively means the front of a person. Alternate translation: “ahead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 27 cc5u figs-you σου…σου 1 your…you The words **your** and **you** are singular in both cases because God is speaking to the Messiah individually in the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 7 27 l378 figs-metaphor ὃς κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου ἔμπροσθέν σου 1 who will prepareyourwaybeforeyou While this literally means “prepare a good road for you to travel on,” as in [3:4](../03/04.md) this actually means figuratively to help get people ready for the coming of the Messiah. Alternate translation: “who will help people get ready for you to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 28 yz6b λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus uses this phrase to focus the crowd’s attention on what he will say next. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully”
LUK 7 28 rr11 figs-idiom ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν 1 among those born of women This is an idiom that refers to all people. Alternate translation: “of all the people who have ever lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 28 gfz7 figs-litotes μείζων…Ἰωάννου οὐδείς ἐστιν 1 no one is greater than John Jesus is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative term together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “John is the greatest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 7 28 c33u figs-nominaladj ὁ…μικρότερος 1 the least Jesus is using the adjective **least** as a noun, to refer to kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the least important person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 7 28 l379 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 in the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “whose life God is ruling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 7 28 r81b figs-explicit μείζων αὐτοῦ ἐστιν 1 is greater than he The implication is that being part of the kingdom of God is greater than any human distinctive. So anyone who is part of God’s kingdom is greater than even John, whom Jesus said was the greatest person who had ever lived before the coming of the kingdom. Alternate translation: “is greater than John is because they are part of something greater than anything that is human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 29 idv8 grammar-connect-logic-result ἐδικαίωσαν τὸν Θεόν, βαπτισθέντες τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου 1 declaredGodtoberighteous, havingbeenbaptizedwiththebaptismofJohn If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because they had come to John for baptism, declared God to be righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 7 29 m5cn figs-explicit ἐδικαίωσαν τὸν Θεόν 1 declaredGodtoberighteous The implication is that the people agreed that God had been right to send John to tell them to repent of their sins. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “agreed that God had been right to send John to tell them to repent of their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 29 s9v6 figs-activepassive βαπτισθέντες τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου 1 having been baptized with the baptism of John If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “because they had come to John for baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 30 l380 translate-unknown νομικοὶ 1 lawyers Here and elsewhere in the book, the term **lawyer** does not mean someone who would represent clients and argue cases in court or draw up legal documents. Rather, it refers to an expert in the law of Moses and its application to various situations. Alternate translation: “experts in the Jewish law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 7 30 v8f5 grammar-connect-logic-result τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἠθέτησαν εἰς ἑαυτούς, μὴ βαπτισθέντες ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 rejected the purpose of God for themselves, not having been baptized by him If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because they had not come to John for baptism, rejected what God wanted them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 7 30 wqc3 figs-activepassive μὴ βαπτισθέντες ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 not having been baptized by him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “because John had not baptized them” or “because they had not come to John for baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 31 cs1j figs-rquestion τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης, καὶ τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι? 1 To what, then, will I compare the men of this generation? And what are they like? Jesus is using these questions as a teaching tool, to introduce a comparison. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them as statements. Alternate translation: “This is what I compare the people of this time to. This is what they are like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 31 ix8z figs-parallelism τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης, καὶ τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι? 1 To what, then, will I compare the men of this generation? And what are they like? These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition for emphasis and to capture the interest of his listeners. You do not need to put both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “What should I compare the people of this time to?” or “This is what I compare the people of this time to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 7 31 ec4k figs-gendernotations τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 the men of this generation Jesus is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “the people of this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 7 32 n8yp figs-simile ὅμοιοί εἰσιν 1 They are like These words are the beginning of Jesus’ comparison. His opponents complain about John being too austere, and they complain about him not being austere enough, just like children who complain when other children don’t dance with them, and then complain again when they don’t cry with them. Since Jesus explains this comparison in the next two verses, you do not need to explain it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 7 32 f7hg translate-unknown ἀγορᾷ 1 marketplace This means a large, open-air area where people come to sell their goods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 7 32 l381 figs-metonymy ηὐλήσαμεν ὑμῖν 1 We played a flute for you The children are referring to the **flute** to indicate that they played a happy, upbeat tune, for which the **flute** was well suited. Alternate translation: “We played a happy tune for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 7 32 xgg9 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε 1 and you did not dance The children are expressing a contrast between what they expected their playmates to do and what those playmates actually did. Alternate translation: “but you did not dance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 7 32 m2k3 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ οὐκ ἐκλαύσατε 1 and you did not wail Once again the children are expressing a contrast between what they expected their playmates to do and what those playmates actually did. Alternate translation: “but you did not cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 7 33 kbc7 figs-synecdoche μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον 1 neither eating bread This could mean one of two things. Either way, Jesus is using one kind of food, **bread**, figuratively to represent all kinds of food. (1) It could refer to the way that John lived on whatever he could find to eat in the desert. Alternate translation: “not eating regular food” (2) It could mean that John often went without eating as a devotional practice. Alternate translation: “frequently fasting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 7 33 wka1 figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε, δαιμόνιον ἔχει 1 you say, ‘He has a demon’ Luke is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting what the Pharisees were saying about John. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that he has a demon” or “you accuse him of having a demon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 7 34 k33e figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself here in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 7 34 l382 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). In this case the title highlights Jesus’ identification with humanity in the special role that God has given him. Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 34 s1um figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε, ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπος φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης, φίλος τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν 1 you say, ‘Behold, a man, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and of sinners! Luke is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting what the Pharisees were saying about him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that he eats and drinks too much and that he is a friend of tax collectors and sinners” or (if you used the first person for the title “Son of Man”) “you say that I eat and drink too much and that I am a friend of tax collectors and sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 7 34 l383 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold This term focuses the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now this is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 34 am9s ἄνθρωπος φάγος 1 a man, a glutton Alternate translation: “a man who is a glutton” or “a man who eats too much”
LUK 7 34 chu4 ἄνθρωπος…οἰνοπότης 1 a man,…a drunkard Alternate translation: “a man who is a drunkard” or “a man who drinks too much alcohol”
LUK 7 35 ba4g writing-proverbs ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 wisdomisjustifiedbyallherchildren This appears to be a proverb, a short popular saying of the culture, that Jesus applied to this situation. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the saying is true that wisdom is justified by all her children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
LUK 7 35 l384 figs-idiom ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 wisdomisjustifiedbyallherchildren This proverb likely uses a Hebrew idiom in which the “sons” or **children** of a thing share its qualities. Alternate translation: “wisdom is justified by people who are wise themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 35 l385 figs-activepassive ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 wisdomisjustifiedbyallherchildren If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “wise people recognize when someone else is following a wise course” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 36 fd2c writing-newevent ἠρώτα δέ τις αὐτὸν τῶν Φαρισαίων, ἵνα φάγῃ μετ’ αὐτοῦ 1 Then one of the Pharisees requested him to eat with him This phrase introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 7 36 lhd4 writing-participants τις…τῶν Φαρισαίων 1 one of the Pharisees This phrase also introduces the Pharisee into the story. In [7:40](../07/40.md), Jesus addresses him as Simon. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give his name here, as UST does. Alternate translation: “a Pharisee named Simon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 7 36 dy31 translate-unknown κατεκλίθη 1 he reclined to eat See how you translated this in [5:29](../05/29.md). It was the custom in this culture for dinner guests to eat while lying comfortably around the table on banqueting couches. Alternate translation: “he took his place at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 7 37 l386 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 37 a9iu writing-participants γυνὴ ἥτις ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει 1 there was a woman in the city Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was woman who lived in that city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 7 37 x4sk figs-explicit ἁμαρτωλός 1 who was a sinner Luke is speaking from the perspective of the Pharisee when he says that the woman was a **sinner**. Since the Pharisee would likely not have known her personally, this is an implicit reference to her reputation. She may have been a prostitute, as UST suggests. Alternate translation: “who had a reputation for living a sinful life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 37 l387 figs-explicit κομίσασα 1 she brought In this culture, if people wanted to hear what someone’s special dinner guest had to say, they were allowed to come and stand around the walls of the banqueting hall and listen, even if they had not been invited to share in the meal. And so this woman was allowed to enter and listen to Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that specifically. Alternate translation: “she came into the banquet hall as a visitor, bringing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 37 apx8 translate-unknown ἀλάβαστρον 1 an alabaster jar The word **alabaster** is the name of a soft, white stone. People stored precious and valuable items in jars made from alabaster. Alternate translation: “a jar made of soft, white stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 7 37 a954 translate-unknown μύρου 1 of perfumed oil This oil had fragrant additives. To make a nice smell, people would rub the oil on themselves or sprinkle their clothing with it. Alternate translation: “that contained oil with perfume in it” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 7 38 v5xh figs-explicitinfo ταῖς θριξὶν τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῆς 1 with the hair of her head In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you can abbreviate it. Alternate translation: “with her hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 7 38 i93v ἤλειφεν τῷ μύρῳ 1 anointing them with the perfumed oil Alternate translation: “pouring perfume on them”
LUK 7 39 u455 figs-quotemarks εἶπεν ἐν ἑαυτῷ λέγων 1 he said to himself, saying As noted in [3:10](../03/10.md), Luke often uses the word **saying** to introduce a quotation. Particularly in cases like this one, if you indicate the quotation in some other way, such as with quotation marks, you do not need to represent this word in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
LUK 7 39 xc9v grammar-connect-condition-contrary οὗτος εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἂν τίς καὶ ποταπὴ ἡ γυνὴ, ἥτις ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν 1 If this man were a prophet, he would know who and of what type the woman is who is touching him, that she is a sinner This Pharisee is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He has concluded that Jesus must not be a prophet, because he allowed this sinful woman to touch him, and a prophet would have known she was sinful and not allowed that. Alternate translation: “Jesus must not be a prophet, because if he were, he would know that the woman who is touching him is a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])
LUK 7 39 tbq3 figs-explicit τίς καὶ ποταπὴ ἡ γυνὴ, ἥτις ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν 1 who and of what type the woman is who is touching him, that she is a sinner Simon assumed that a prophet would never allow a sinner to touch him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state his assumption explicitly. Alternate translation: “that this woman is a sinner, and he would not allow her to touch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 40 l388 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν 1 answering Jesus said to him Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to what the Pharisee was thinking. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 7 40 u3cg translate-names Σίμων 1 Simon This was the name of the Pharisee who invited Jesus into his home. This was not Simon Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 7 40 l389 ὁ δέ, Διδάσκαλε, εἰπέ, φησίν 1 And he says, “Say it, Teacher!”
LUK 7 40 l390 figs-imperative Διδάσκαλε, εἰπέ 1 Say it, Teacher! Simon is inviting Jesus to speak, not ordering him to speak. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate his words as more of an invitation. You could also translate them as a question, as UST does. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and say it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 7 40 l391 Διδάσκαλε 1 Teacher This was a respectful title. You can translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use.
LUK 7 41 sv92 figs-parables δύο χρεοφιλέται ἦσαν 1 There were two debtors To help Simon the Pharisee understand what he wants to teach him, Jesus tells him a story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told him this story to help him understand. ‘There were two debtors’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 7 41 fcq6 δύο χρεοφιλέται ἦσαν δανιστῇ τινι 1 There were two debtors to a certain moneylender Alternate translation: “Two different people owed money to the same moneylender”
LUK 7 41 snz6 translate-bmoney δηνάρια πεντακόσια 1 500 denarii The word **denarii** is the plural of “denarius.” A denarius was a silver coin equivalent to a day’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might say something more general, or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “500 silver coins” or “an amount equivalent to a year and a half’s wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 7 41 i92j translate-bmoney ὁ δὲ ἕτερος πεντήκοντα 1 and the other 50 Alternate translation: “the other person owed 50 silver coins” or “the other person owed an amount equal to 50 days’ wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 7 42 l392 figs-ellipsis μὴ ἐχόντων αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι 1 When they did not have to repay Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. He is not saying that the men no longer needed to repay these debts. Rather, he is saying that they did not have enough money to repay the lender what they owed him. Alternate translation: “When they were not able to repay their debts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 7 42 lbq6 figs-idiom ἀμφοτέροις ἐχαρίσατο 1 he forgave them both This does not mean literally that the lender decided he would not hold their failure to repay against them. Rather, it is an idiom that means that he told them they did not have to repay the money. Alternate translation: “he canceled both of their debts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 7 43 l393 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς Σίμων εἶπεν 1 Simon answering said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Simon responded to the question that Jesus asked him. Alternate translation: “Simon responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 7 43 l394 figs-ellipsis ὑπολαμβάνω ὅτι ᾧ τὸ πλεῖον ἐχαρίσατο 1 I suppose that the one to whom he forgave the most Simon leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “I suppose that the one to whom he forgave the most will love him the most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 7 43 zqz4 ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας 1 You have judged correctly Alternate translation: “You are right”
LUK 7 44 s7g6 translate-symaction στραφεὶς πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα 1 he turned to the woman Jesus **turned to the woman** in order to direct Simon’s attention to her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus turned to the woman so that Simon would look at her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 7 44 l395 figs-rquestion βλέπεις ταύτην τὴν γυναῖκα? 1 Do you see this woman? Jesus does not expect Simon to tell him whether he can **see** the **woman**. Rather, he is using the question as a teaching tool, to focus Simon’s attention on her as an example of showing love and gratitude. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate Jesus’ words as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to consider this woman.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 44 mw7d figs-explicit ὕδωρ μοι ἐπὶ πόδας οὐκ ἔδωκας 1 You did not give me water for my feet It was a basic responsibility of a host to provide **water** and a towel for guests to wash and dry their **feet** after walking on dusty roads. Alternate translation: “You did not provide me with anything to wash my feet, as a considerate host would have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 44 mw58 grammar-connect-logic-contrast οὐκ ἔδωκας; αὕτη δὲ 1 You did not give…but she In this verse and the next two verses, Jesus uses such phrases to contrast Simon’s lack of courtesy with the woman’s extreme actions of gratitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 7 44 am5z figs-explicit αὕτη…τοῖς δάκρυσιν ἔβρεξέν μου τοὺς πόδας 1 she has wet my feet with her tears The woman used **her tears** in place of the missing water. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has wet my feet with her tears in place of the water you did not provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 44 ld62 figs-explicit καὶ ταῖς θριξὶν αὐτῆς ἐξέμαξεν 1 and wiped them with her hair The woman used **her hair** in place of the missing towel. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and she has dried my feet with her hair in place of the towel you did not provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 45 xj92 figs-explicit φίλημά μοι οὐκ ἔδωκας 1 You did not give me a kiss It was customary in this culture for a host to greet a guest with a **kiss** on the cheek. Simon did not do this for Jesus. Alternate translation: “You did not greet me with a kiss on the cheek, as a welcoming host would have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 45 r2jj figs-doublenegatives οὐ διέλιπεν καταφιλοῦσά μου τοὺς πόδας 1 has not stopped kissing my feet If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **stopped**. Alternate translation: “has continued to kiss my feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 7 45 u3er translate-symaction οὐ διέλιπεν καταφιλοῦσά μου τοὺς πόδας 1 has not stopped kissing my feet The woman kissed the **feet** of Jesus, rather than his cheek, as a sign of extreme repentance and humility. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “has continued to kiss my feet to show her repentance and humility” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 7 46 j8wj grammar-connect-logic-contrast οὐκ ἤλειψας; αὕτη δὲ 1 You did not anoint…but she Jesus continues to contrast Simon’s poor hospitality with the actions of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 7 46 le9a figs-explicit ἐλαίῳ τὴν κεφαλήν μου…ἤλειψας 1 anoint my head with oil It was the custom in this culture to welcome an honored guest by pouring refreshing olive **oil** on his **head**. Alternate translation: “welcome me by pouring oil on my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 46 g6va translate-symaction ἤλειψεν τοὺς πόδας μου 1 has anointed my feet The woman greatly honored Jesus by doing this. She demonstrated humility and expressed her own sense of unworthiness by anointing his **feet** instead of his head. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “has anointed my feet to show her humility” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 7 47 kwc5 λέγω σοι 1 I say to you This phrase emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “pay attention to this”
LUK 7 47 clu2 figs-activepassive ἀφέωνται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτῆς αἱ πολλαί 1 her sins, which were many, have been forgiven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God has forgiven her many sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 47 jql4 ὅτι ἠγάπησεν πολύ 1 for she loved much Your language may require you to state the object of **loved**. Alternate translation: “because she greatly loves the one who forgave her”
LUK 7 47 l396 figs-explicit ὅτι ἠγάπησεν πολύ 1 for she loved much The implication is that her display of love was the evidence that her sins were forgiven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “We can tell this because she has shown that she greatly loves the one who forgave her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 47 qd9q figs-explicit ᾧ δὲ ὀλίγον ἀφίεται, ὀλίγον ἀγαπᾷ 1 the one to whom little is forgiven loves little In this sentence Jesus states a general principle. However, he is saying implicitly that Simon specifically has shown very little love for him. A further implication is that **one to whom little is forgiven** is actually someone who thinks he is better than others and does not need to be forgiven for very much, not realizing how much he needs to be forgiven for. Alternate translation: “the person who thinks that God has only had to forgive him for a few things does not show much love, just as you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 47 l397 figs-activepassive ᾧ…ὀλίγον ἀφίεται 1 the one to whom little is forgiven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “the person who thinks that God has only had to forgive him for a few things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 48 c7hj writing-pronouns εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῇ 1 Then he said to her The word **he** refers to Jesus, not to Simon. The word **her** refers to the woman. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus said to the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 7 48 lq5v figs-activepassive ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 Your sins are forgiven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 7 49 enw4 συνανακείμενοι 1 reclining with him to eat Alternate translation: “who were eating together with him”
LUK 7 49 ie4z figs-rquestion τίς οὗτός ἐστιν ὃς καὶ ἁμαρτίας ἀφίησιν? 1 Who is this who even forgives sins? The religious leaders knew that only God could forgive sins. They did not believe that Jesus was God. So they are using the question form to make an accusation. Alternate translation: “This man is not God, so he cannot forgive sins!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 50 lje8 figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **faith** with a verb such as “trust.” Alternate translation: “you have trusted in God, and God has saved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 7 50 l398 figs-personification ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you Jesus speaks figuratively of the woman’s **faith** as if it had actively **saved** her. He means that it provided the conditions for her to receive salvation from God. Alternate translation: “you have trusted in God, and God has saved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 7 50 sp2u figs-explicit πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην 1 Go in peace This was a way of saying goodbye while giving a blessing at the same time. It also reassured the woman, despite the disapproval of the religious leaders. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace as you go” or “You may go now, and do not worry about your sins any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 intro ba3i 0 # Luke 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus teaches the crowds with parables (8:1–21)<br>2. Jesus calms a storm on the Sea of Galilee (8:22–25)<br>3. Jesus drives out many demons from a man (8:26–39)<br>4. Jesus heals a woman and restores a dead girl to life (8:40–55)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracles<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus makes a storm stop by speaking to it, he makes a dead girl alive by speaking to her, and he makes evil spirits leave a man by speaking to them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Parables<br><br>Parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people who wanted to believe in him could easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. But people who did not want to believe in him would not be able to understand the message (Luke 8:4-15).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers and sisters<br><br>Most people call those who have the same parents they do “brother” and “sister,” and they think of them as the most important people in their lives. Some people also call those with the same grandparents “brother” and “sister.” In this chapter, Jesus says that the most important people to him are those who obey his Father in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]])<br><br>## Important textual issues in this chapter<br><br>### “having spent all her living on doctors”<br><br>In [8:43](../08/43.md), some ancient manuscripts of the Bible have the phrase “having spent all her living on doctors,” but other manuscripts do not. ULT includes the phrase in its text, but it mentions in a footnote that scholars are divided as to whether it was an original part of the book of Luke. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to include the phrase if it does, but leave it out if it does not include it. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the example of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 8 1 i6mi writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 8 1 l399 figs-idiom κατὰ πόλιν καὶ κώμην 1 through city and village This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “aroundtodifferentcitiesandvillages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 1 l401 figs-abstractnouns τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God would rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 8 1 l402 figs-nominaladj οἱ δώδεκα 1 the Twelve Luke is using the adjective **Twelve** as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “his 12 apostles” or “the 12 men whom he had appointed to be apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 8 1 l403 translate-names οἱ δώδεκα 1 the Twelve Alternatively, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns, you may be able to do that in this case, since this is a title by which the apostles were known. Even though it is a number, if you translate it as a title, as ULT does, follow the conventions for titles in your language, for example, capitalizing main words and writing out numbers rather than using digits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 2 g99l figs-activepassive αἳ ἦσαν τεθεραπευμέναι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων πονηρῶν καὶ ἀσθενειῶν 1 who had been healed from evil spirits and diseases This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 2 jq4g translate-names Μαρία ἡ καλουμένη Μαγδαληνή 1 Mary who was called Magdalene **Mary** is the name of a woman, and **Magdalene** is a distinguishing term that most likely means that she came from the town of Magdala. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 2 n4x6 figs-activepassive Μαρία ἡ καλουμένη Μαγδαληνή 1 Mary who was called Magdalene If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Mary, who people called Magdalene” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 2 l404 figs-explicit ἀφ’ ἧς δαιμόνια ἑπτὰ ἐξεληλύθει 1 from whom seven demons had gone out The **demons** did not go **out** on their own. It may be helpful to say explicitly that Jesus drove them out. Alternate translation: “from whom Jesus had driven out seven demons” or “whom Jesus had set free from seven demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 3 tfz5 translate-names Ἰωάννα…Σουσάννα 1 Joanna…Susanna These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 3 w9kl translate-names Χουζᾶ…Ἡρῴδου 1 Chuza…Herod These are the names of two men. See how you translated the name Herod in [1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 3 l405 ἐπιτρόπου Ἡρῴδου 1 Herod’s manager Alternate translation: “the man who managed King Herod’s household affairs”
LUK 8 3 k9m5 figs-idiom διηκόνουν αὐτοῖς 1 serving them out of their possessions This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “personally providing what Jesus and his 12 apostles needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 4 r1qk writing-pronouns ἐπιπορευομένων πρὸς αὐτὸν 1 comingtohim The term **him** here refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “coming to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 4 l406 figs-idiom κατὰ πόλιν 1 by city This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from different towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 4 l407 figs-parables εἶπεν διὰ παραβολῆς 1 he spoke in a parable This means that Jesus told a brief story to teach something true in an understandable and memorable way. Alternate translation: “he told them this story to help them understand God’s ways better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 8 5 ndc3 ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπεῖραι τὸν σπόρον αὐτοῦ 1 The sower went out to sow his seed Use either the singular or the plural to translate **seed** in this story, whichever would be more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A farmer went out to scatter some seed in a field” or “A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field”
LUK 8 5 cv1h ὃ μὲν ἔπεσεν 1 some fell Alternate translation: “some of the seed fell” or “some of the seeds fell”
LUK 8 5 a5mz figs-activepassive κατεπατήθη 1 it was trampled underfoot If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “people walked on it” or “people walked on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 5 n8bw figs-explicitinfo τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the birds of the sky In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could abbreviate it. However, you could also use an action clause to keep the sense of **sky**. Alternate translation: “birds” or “birds flew down and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 8 5 lt8n κατέφαγεν αὐτό 1 devoured it Alternate translation: “ate it all” or “ate them all”
LUK 8 6 k6a4 ἐξηράνθη 1 it withered away Continue to use either the singular or the plural, whichever would be more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “each plant dried out and shriveled up” or “the plants dried out and shriveled up”
LUK 8 6 ktz7 διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἰκμάδα 1 because it had no moisture Alternate translation: “because there was no water for it in the rock” or “because there was no water for them in the rock”
LUK 8 7 xzq2 ἀπέπνιξαν αὐτό 1 choked it The thorn plants took all the nutrients, water, and sunlight, so the farmer’s plants could not grow well. Continue to use either the singular or the plural, whichever would be more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “crowded it out” or “crowded them out” or “kept it from growing well” or “kept them from growing well”
LUK 8 8 scs9 ἐποίησεν καρπὸν 1 it produced fruit Alternate translation: “it produced a harvest” or “they produced a harvest”
LUK 8 8 q12t figs-ellipsis ἑκατονταπλασίονα 1 a hundred times greater Luke expresses this idea in a compact way. Alternate translation: “a hundred times as much seed as landed in this soil” or “a hundred times as many seeds as landed in this soil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 8 8 b92z figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize that what he has just said is important and that it may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **ears to hear** figuratively represents the willingness to understand and obey, by association with the part of the body by which his listeners would have been taking in his teaching. Alternate translation: “If anyone is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 8 l408 figs-123person ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, then listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 8 8 l409 figs-you ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear If you choose to translate this in the second person, **you** would be plural, since Jesus is speaking to the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 8 9 l410 τίς αὕτη εἴη ἡ παραβολή 1 What is this parable? Alternate translation: “What does this story mean?”
LUK 8 10 je1f figs-activepassive ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι 1 To you has been granted to know If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God has allowed you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 10 s7xp τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the mysteries of the kingdom of God These are spiritual truths that people had not previously understood. Jesus is now revealing them. Alternate translation: “the secrets of the kingdom of God”
LUK 8 10 l411 figs-abstractnouns τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God will rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 8 10 l6sk figs-ellipsis τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς ἐν παραβολαῖς 1 but to the rest in parables Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “but I speak in parables to the people who are not my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 8 10 l412 figs-quotesinquotes ἵνα βλέποντες μὴ βλέπωσιν, καὶ ἀκούοντες μὴ συνιῶσιν 1 so that,‘Seeing, they may not see; and hearing, they may not understand’ Luke is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting the prophet Isaiah. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. For clarity, you could also indicate the source of the words that Jesus is quoting. Alternate translation: “so that as the prophet Isaiah said, though they see, they will not perceive, and though they hear, they will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 8 10 xtu6 βλέποντες μὴ βλέπωσιν 1 Seeing, they may not see Some languages may need to state the object of the verb. Alternate translation: “though they see things, they will not understand them” or “though they see things happen, they will not understand what they mean”
LUK 8 10 k4es ἀκούοντες μὴ συνιῶσιν 1 hearing, they may not understand Some languages may need to state the object of the verb. Alternate translation: “though they hear instruction, they will not understand the truth”
LUK 8 11 vp8a ἔστιν δὲ αὕτη ἡ παραβολή 1 the parable is this Alternate translation: “this is what the story means”
LUK 8 11 hb1t figs-metonymy ὁ σπόρος ἐστὶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The seed is the word of God Jesus uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to the message from God that people share by using words. Alternate translation: “The seed represents the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 12 xsa7 figs-metaphor οἱ…παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν εἰσιν οἱ ἀκούσαντες 1 the ones along the path are those who have heard Jesus begins to explain the figurative meanings of the seeds that fell in different places. Alternate translation: “The seeds that fell along the path represent people who hear the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 12 h969 figs-metaphor εἶτα ἔρχεται ὁ διάβολος καὶ αἴρει τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 but then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts The parable represented this figuratively as a bird snatching away seeds. Try to use words in your language that retain that image. Alternate translation: “but then the devil comes and snatches the message away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 12 jb9t figs-metaphor εἶτα ἔρχεται ὁ διάβολος καὶ αἴρει τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 but then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts The word **hearts** figuratively represents the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “the devil comes and keeps them from understanding and appreciating the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 12 l413 figs-explicit εἶτα ἔρχεται ὁ διάβολος καὶ αἴρει τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 but then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts Based on the figurative meaning of the parable, the implication is that these people did not appreciate the message deeply, just as seeds could not go down deep into the hard-packed soil of the path. And so the devil would be able to break up their superficial awareness and concentration by distracting them with everyday concerns. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the devil distracts them and they forget about the message they heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 12 l414 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 the word Jesus is using the term **word** figuratively to refer to the message that people share by using words. Alternate translation: “the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 12 g7r7 figs-activepassive ἵνα μὴ πιστεύσαντες σωθῶσιν 1 so they may not believe and be saved This phrase explains the devil’s purpose. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “because the devil does not want them to trust in God and God to save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 13 juq1 figs-metaphor οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας 1 And the ones on the rock are those Jesus continues to explain the figurative meanings of the seeds that fell in different places. Alternate translation: “In the parable, the seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 13 ar4x τῆς πέτρας 1 the rock Alternate translation: “the rocky soil” or “the shallow soil above the rocky layer”
LUK 8 13 l415 figs-metonymy μετὰ χαρᾶς δέχονται τὸν λόγον 1 receivethewordwithjoy Jesus uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to the message that people share by using words. Alternate translation: “gladly believe the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 13 bm51 ἐν καιρῷ πειρασμοῦ 1 in a time of testing Alternate translation: “when they experience hardship”
LUK 8 13 e5rw figs-metonymy ἀφίστανται 1 they go away Jesus is using the way such people **go away** from the community of believers to mean figuratively that they stop believing. Alternate translation: “they stop believing” or “they stop being disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 14 k4u4 figs-metaphor τὸ δὲ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας πεσόν, οὗτοί εἰσιν 1 And the ones that fell among the thorns, these are Jesus continues to explain the figurative meanings of the seeds that fell in different places. Alternate translation: “In the parable, the seeds that fell among the thorns represent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 14 y3ue figs-activepassive ὑπὸ μεριμνῶν, καὶ πλούτου, καὶ ἡδονῶν τοῦ βίου…συνπνίγονται 1 they are choked by cares and riches and pleasures of this life If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the cares and riches and pleasures of this life choke them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 14 uut6 μεριμνῶν 1 cares Alternate translation: “things that people worry about”
LUK 8 14 b384 ἡδονῶν τοῦ βίου 1 pleasures of this life Alternate translation: “the things in this life that people enjoy”
LUK 8 14 xhv7 figs-metaphor οὐ τελεσφοροῦσιν 1 they do not produce mature fruit The phrase **mature fruit** figuratively means spiritual maturity that is evidenced by godly character and loving actions. Alternate translation: “they do not mature into people of godly character who act out of love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 15 m2hb figs-metaphor τὸ δὲ ἐν τῇ καλῇ γῇ, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἵτινες 1 But the ones on the good soil, these are the ones Jesus continues to explain the figurative meanings of the seeds that fell in different places. Alternate translation: “In the parable, the seeds that fell on the good soil represent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 15 l62d figs-metonymy ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον 1 having heard the word Jesus uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to the message that people share by using words. Alternate translation: “when they hear the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 15 l416 figs-doublet ἐν καρδίᾳ καλῇ καὶ ἀγαθῇ 1 with an honest and good heart The terms **honest** and **good** mean similar things. Jesus uses the two terms together for emphasis and clarity. You do not need to repeat both words in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “with genuine intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 8 15 pbi7 figs-metaphor ἐν καρδίᾳ καλῇ καὶ ἀγαθῇ 1 with an honest and good heart In this expression, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “with genuine intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 15 i51s figs-metaphor καρποφοροῦσιν ἐν ὑπομονῇ 1 bear fruit with endurance The word **fruit** here figuratively means spiritual maturity that is evidenced by godly character and loving actions. Alternate translation: “because they persevere, they mature into people of godly character who act out of love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 16 n86n figs-parables οὐδεὶς δὲ λύχνον ἅψας 1 And no one lights a lamp After Jesus finishes explaining the story about the seeds, he gives his disciples another example to illustrate that God wants them to understand spiritual truths. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave them another example. ‘No one lights a lamp’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 8 16 l417 figs-ellipsis οἱ εἰσπορευόμενοι 1 thosewhoenter Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “those who enter the room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 8 17 n5ca figs-doublenegatives οὐ…ἐστιν κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ φανερὸν γενήσεται 1 nothing is hidden that will not become visible If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “everything that is hidden will become visible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 8 17 iv9q figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲ ἀπόκρυφον ὃ οὐ μὴ γνωσθῇ καὶ εἰς φανερὸν ἔλθῃ 1 nor secret that will not be known and come into visibility If it would be clearer in your language, you could also translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “and everything that is secret will be known and become visible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 8 17 l418 figs-activepassive οὐδὲ ἀπόκρυφον ὃ οὐ μὴ γνωσθῇ καὶ εἰς φανερὸν ἔλθῃ 1 nor secret that will not be known and come into visibility If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “and God will reveal every secret and make it visible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 17 l419 figs-doublet οὐδὲ ἀπόκρυφον ὃ οὐ μὴ γνωσθῇ καὶ εἰς φανερὸν ἔλθῃ 1 nor secret that will not be known and come into visibility The phrases **be known** and **come into visibility** mean similar things. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “and God will clearly reveal every secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 8 18 l420 βλέπετε οὖν πῶς ἀκούετε 1 so be careful how you listen The phrase **be careful** does not mean that listening is dangerous. Rather, it means that people should listen carefully, because, as Jesus has just said, God wants to reveal spiritual secrets. Alternate translation: “so make sure that you listen well” or “so listen carefully and reflect on what you hear”
LUK 8 18 l421 figs-explicit ὃς ἂν…ἔχῃ, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 whoever has, it will be given to him The implication in context is that this refers to understanding and believing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “whoever seeks sincerely to understand will be given more understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 18 bq9f figs-activepassive ὃς ἂν…ἔχῃ, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 whoever has, it will be given to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whoever seeks sincerely to understand will understand better” or “God will give greater understanding to anyone who seeks sincerely to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 18 l422 figs-explicit καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ ἔχῃ, καὶ ὃ δοκεῖ ἔχειν ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 whoever does not have, even what he thinks he has will be taken away from him The implication once again is that this refers to understanding and believing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “But whoever does not have understanding, even what understanding he thinks he has will be taken away from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 18 ihh9 figs-activepassive καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ ἔχῃ, καὶ ὃ δοκεῖ ἔχειν ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 whoever does not have, even what he thinks he has will be taken away from him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whoever presumes that he already understands will understand less and less” or “God will not give greater understanding to anyone who presumes that he already understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 19 l423 grammar-connect-time-sequential δὲ 1 Then Luke uses this word to introduce a new event and to indicate that it came after the event he has just described. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
LUK 8 19 dw3m οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 his brothers These were Jesus’ younger brothers—the other sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for “younger brother,” you can use it here.
LUK 8 20 wr4t figs-activepassive ἀπηγγέλη…αὐτῷ 1 it was reported to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. The subject should be plural, since in the next verse Jesus responds to “them.” Alternate translation: “people told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 20 l424 figs-you σου…σου…σε 1 your…your…you Since the person who said this was speaking to Jesus alone, **your** and **you** are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 8 20 un5d ἰδεῖν θέλοντές σε 1 wanting to see you Alternate translation: “and they would like to see you”
LUK 8 21 l425 figs-hendiadys ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 But answering he said to them Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the information that people gave him. Alternate translation: “But Jesus responded to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 8 21 b97u figs-metaphor μήτηρ μου καὶ ἀδελφοί μου, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀκούοντες καὶ ποιοῦντες 1 My mother and my brothers are those who hear and do the word of God Jesus means figuratively that people who believe and obey the message from God become like a family to one another. Alternate translation: “Those who hear the word of God and obey it are like a mother and brothers to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 21 edk3 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God Jesus uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to the message from God that people share by using words. Alternate translation: “the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 22 l426 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 8 22 l427 figs-idiom ἐν μιᾷ τῶν ἡμερῶν 1 ononeofthosedays Luke uses the term **days** figuratively to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “around that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 22 l428 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ αὐτὸς ἐνέβη εἰς πλοῖον καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς, διέλθωμεν εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς λίμνης 1 both he and his disciples got into a boat, and he said to them, “Let us go over to the other side of the lake” It seems unlikely that Jesus and his disciples would have gotten into a boat before they were planning to sail somewhere. So here Luke is probably describing the result before the reason. If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: Jesus said to his disciples, ‘Let us go over to the other side of the lake.’ So they all got into a boat together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 8 22 w1pk translate-names τῆς λίμνης 1 the lake This means the Lake of Genneseret, which is also called the Sea of Galilee. But since Jesus would have referred to it simply as “the lake” while he and his disciples were on it, you do not need to use the proper name in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 22 btk8 figs-idiom ἀνήχθησαν 1 they put out This expression means that they began to travel across the lake in their boat. Alternate translation: “they headed out across the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 23 vh2v πλεόντων…αὐτῶν 1 as they voyaged The term **voyaged** means that Jesus and the disciples traveled by water. Alternate translation: “as they traveled across the lake”
LUK 8 23 sf8z writing-pronouns ἀφύπνωσεν 1 he fell asleep The word **he** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus began to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 23 mdb5 figs-idiom κατέβη λαῖλαψ ἀνέμου εἰς τὴν λίμνην 1 a windstorm came down on the lake Luke says **came down** because the weather originated from the sky. Alternate translation: “very strong winds suddenly began to blow on the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 23 l429 figs-metonymy συνεπληροῦντο 1 they were being filled Luke says **they**, meaning the disciples, to refer figuratively by association to the boat they were in. Alternate translation: “the boat was being filled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 23 l430 figs-activepassive συνεπληροῦντο 1 they were being filled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what was doing the action. Alternate translation: “water started to fill up their boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 23 uki7 figs-explicit συνεπληροῦντο 1 they were being filled The implication is that the strong winds were causing high waves that pushed water over the sides of the boat, and that this water was filling the boat. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the strong winds were causing high waves that pushed water over the sides of their boat, and the water began to fill it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 24 l431 λέγοντες, Ἐπιστάτα, Ἐπιστάτα, ἀπολλύμεθα! 1 saying, “Master! Master! We are perishing!”
LUK 8 24 l432 Ἐπιστάτα 1 Master This is the title by which disciples addressed their teacher in this culture. If your language and culture have a similar term, you can use it here in your translation.
LUK 8 24 l433 figs-exclusive ἀπολλύμεθα 1 We are perishing Since the disciples want Jesus to understand that he is in danger too, the word **we** would include him. Alternate translation: “We’re all going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 8 24 t1yy figs-explicitinfo τῷ κλύδωνι, τοῦ ὕδατος 1 the waves of the water In your language, it might seem that the wording here expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you can abbreviate it. However, you could also translate this as expressing emphasis. Alternate translation: “the waves” or “the violent waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 8 24 v1c3 figs-parallelism ἐπαύσαντο καὶ ἐγένετο γαλήνη 1 theyceased,andtherewasacalm These two phrases mean similar things. Luke uses the repetition to emphasize what great power Jesus demonstrated. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. However, you could also translate both phrases and show how the second expresses the results of the first. Alternate translation: “the storm ended” or “the storm ended, so that the lake became calm again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 8 25 d8c3 figs-rquestion ποῦ ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν? 1 Where is your faith? Jesus does not expect his disciples to tell him where their faith is. Rather, he is using the question form to correct them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should have trusted God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 8 25 wjv3 τίς ἄρα οὗτός ἐστιν, ὅτι καὶ τοῖς ἀνέμοις ἐπιτάσσει καὶ τῷ ὕδατι, καὶ ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ? 1 Who then is this, that he commands even the winds and the water, and they obey him? If it would be clearer in your language, you could turn this into two sentences, one asking the question, and the other giving the reason for the question. Alternate translation: “Who then is this? He commands even the winds and the water, and they obey him!”
LUK 8 25 f2wp τίς ἄρα οὗτός ἐστιν 1 Who then is this This is a genuine question, not a statement in question form. The disciples are looking for information about what kind of person Jesus could be if he can do this. Alternate translation: “What kind of man is this”
LUK 8 25 l434 figs-metonymy τῷ ὕδατι 1 the water The disciples are figuratively describing the violent waves that had threatened the boat, by reference to the water that these waves arose from. Alternate translation: “the waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 26 f17p translate-names τὴν χώραν τῶν Γερασηνῶν 1 the region of the Gerasenes The name **Gerasenes** refers to people from the city of Gerasa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 26 p9zp ἀντιπέρα τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 opposite Galilee “on the other side of the lake from Galilee”
LUK 8 27 l435 figs-ellipsis ἐξελθόντι…αὐτῷ 1 when he came out Luke is writing in a compact way here. He means that Jesus **came out** of the boat. Alternate translation: “when Jesus got out of the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 8 27 hjh5 writing-participants ἀνήρ τις ἐκ τῆς πόλεως 1 a certain man from the city This phrase introduces a new character in a story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “a man who was from the city of Gerasa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 8 27 ji6p ἔχων δαιμόνια 1 who had demons Alternate translation: “who was controlled by demons” or “whom demons controlled”
LUK 8 27 xhw7 writing-background καὶ χρόνῳ ἱκανῷ 1 And for a long time Luke uses this phrase to introduce background information about the man who had demons. Alternate translation: “Now for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 8 27 we6n translate-unknown τοῖς μνήμασιν 1 the tombs This term refers to places in which people lay to rest the bodies of loved ones who have died. In this context it may possibly mean caves cut into the rock or small buildings that the man could use for shelter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 8 28 ip59 writing-pronouns ἰδὼν…τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 when he saw Jesus The word **he** refers to the man who had demons. Alternate translation: “when the man whom the demons controlled saw Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 28 n4ex ἀνακράξας 1 he cried out Alternate translation: “he screamed” or “he shrieked”
LUK 8 28 fak9 translate-symaction προσέπεσεν αὐτῷ 1 fell down before him Be sure that it is clear in your translation that the man did not fall down accidentally. Rather, bowing or lying down in front of Jesus was a sign of humility and respect for him. Alternate translation: “respectfully bowed down at Jesus’ feet” or “respectfully lay down on the ground in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 8 28 m21e figs-idiom φωνῇ μεγάλῃ εἶπεν 1 said in a loud voice This is an idiom that means the man raised the volume of his voice. Alternate translation: “shouted out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 28 lv2b figs-idiom τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί 1 What to me and to you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “What do you and I have in common” or “What reason do you have to get involved with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 28 l436 figs-rquestion τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί? 1 What to me and to you? The man is using the question form to insist on something urgently. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You and I have nothing in common!” or “You have no reason to get involved with me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 8 28 ptt1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ Ὑψίστου 1 SonoftheMostHighGod This is an important title for Jesus. See how you translated the expression **the Most High** in [1:32](../01/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 8 29 l437 grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For Luke is giving the reason for the result he described in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “The man said this because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 8 29 l438 translate-versebridge παρήγγειλεν γὰρ τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἀκαθάρτῳ ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου 1 he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out from the man If your language would put the reason before the result, you could create a verse bridge and put this sentence in [8:28](../08/28.md), after the man bows down to Jesus but before he speaks, changing the tense of the verb to fit the context. You could also put the next sentence in this verse at the end of [8:27](../08/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
LUK 8 29 l439 writing-background πολλοῖς γὰρ χρόνοις 1 For many times Luke uses this phrase to introduce further background information about what the demon had done to the man before Jesus met him. Alternate translation: “Many times in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 8 29 j3yj συνηρπάκει αὐτόν 1 it had seized him Alternate translation: “the demon had taken control of the man”
LUK 8 29 bxz4 figs-activepassive ἐδεσμεύετο ἁλύσεσιν καὶ πέδαις, φυλασσόμενος 1 he was bound with chains and shackles and kept under guard If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “though the people in the area had bound him with chains and shackles and kept him under guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 29 bey5 figs-activepassive ἠλαύνετο ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου 1 he would be driven by the demon If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the demon would make him go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 30 l440 figs-you σοι 1 your Since Luke indicates in the previous verse that Jesus is speaking to **the unclean spirit** here, **your** is singular, even though the demon responds that he is speaking for “many,” and even though in the following verses Luke says **they** and **them** for the multiple demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 8 30 p31w translate-names λεγεών 1 Legion Translate this with a word in your language that refers to a large number of soldiers. Show that this was the name of the demon by using the convention in your language for proper names. Alternate translation: “Army” or “Battalion” or “Brigade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 31 qcn1 παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 they were begging him Alternate translation: “the demons kept begging Jesus”
LUK 8 31 l441 translate-unknown τὴν Ἄβυσσον 1 the abyss The term **abyss** literally means a bottomless pit, and here it describes a place of punishment. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate the term with an explanatory phrase, as UST does, saying “the deep pit where God punishes demons.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 8 32 b3vt writing-background ἦν δὲ ἐκεῖ ἀγέλη χοίρων ἱκανῶν βοσκομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει 1 Now a large herd of pigs was there feeding on the hillside Luke supplies this background information to help readers understand what happens next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 8 32 q8w5 ἦν…ἐκεῖ…βοσκομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει 1 was there feeding on the hillside Alternate translation: “was nearby eating grass on the side of a hill”
LUK 8 32 l442 writing-pronouns παρεκάλεσαν αὐτὸν ἵνα ἐπιτρέψῃ αὐτοῖς εἰς ἐκείνους εἰσελθεῖν 1 they begged him to permit them go into them If it would be helpful to your readers, you could clarify who and what these pronouns refer to. Alternate translation: “the demons begged Jesus to let them go into the pigs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 32 l443 καὶ ἐπέτρεψεν αὐτοῖς 1 And he gave them permission Luke does not say specifically why Jesus allowed the demons to go into the pigs. But Jesus did not necessarily do so because the demons begged him. He may have had other reasons of his own. So it would probably be best to translate this in a neutral way, as ULT and UST both do, rather than beginning with a word such as “So,” which would imply that Jesus agreed to this because the demons begged him.
LUK 8 33 na38 grammar-connect-logic-result ἐξελθόντα δὲ τὰ δαιμόνια 1 Then the demons came out You could begin this sentence with the word **Then**, as ULT does, to show that this happened next. You could also begin this sentence with the word **So**, as UST does, to show that the demons came of out the man because Jesus told them they could go into the pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 8 33 ja6x figs-activepassive καὶ ἀπεπνίγη 1 and was drowned If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. You do not need to specify someone who did this action to the pigs, because no one caused them to drown once they were in the water. Alternate translation: “and drowned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 34 l444 figs-merism εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἀγρούς 1 inthecityandinthecountryside Luke uses a figure of speech here to refer to that whole region by naming the two constituent parts of it. Alternate translation: “throughout the whole area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 8 34 l445 figs-explicit εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἀγρούς 1 inthecityandinthecountryside You could also translate this more literally. The implication is that this means the city of Gerasa, since Luke says in [8:29](../08/29.md) that Jesus and his disciples came to the region where this city was located. Alternate translation: “in the city of Gerasa and in the surrounding countryside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 35 l446 figs-explicit ἐξῆλθον 1 they went out The term **they** here, as well as in the other two instances in this verse, refers to the people of that region, as in [8:37](../08/37.md). The term **went out** indicates the remote area where the man had been living. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say those things explicitly. Alternate translation: “people from all over that region went out to that remote area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 35 ju71 εὗραν…τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀφ’ οὗ τὰ δαιμόνια ἐξῆλθεν 1 found the man from whom the demons had gone out Alternate translation: “saw the man whom the demons had left”
LUK 8 35 l447 figs-activepassive ἱματισμένον 1 clothed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “wearing clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 35 x9lp figs-idiom καθήμενον…παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 sitting at the feet of Jesus This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “sitting on the ground in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 35 j89t figs-explicit ἐφοβήθησαν 1 they were afraid The implication is that they were afraid of what else such a powerful person as Jesus might do. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they were afraid of what else Jesus might do, since they recognized what great power he had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 36 xtf3 figs-ellipsis οἱ ἰδόντες 1 those who had seen Alternate translation: “those who had seen what had happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 8 36 kv18 figs-activepassive ἐσώθη ὁ δαιμονισθείς 1 the one who had been possessed by demons had been saved If it would be clearer in your language, you could say both of these things with active forms. Alternate translation: “Jesus had delivered the man from the demons who had controlled him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 37 l448 figs-hyperbole ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος τῆς περιχώρου 1 all the multitude of the region This phrase means “everyone who lived in that area.” It is a generalization for emphasis, since every single resident of that region did not make this request. Rather, this was the general request of the crowd that came out to see what had happened. Alternate translation: “the crowd that had gathered from the region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 8 37 ai7m τῆς περιχώρου τῶν Γερασηνῶν 1 the region of the Gerasenes Alternate translation: “the area where the Gerasene people lived”
LUK 8 37 l449 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο 1 for they were seized by great fear If it would be clearer in your language, you could put this phrase first in the sentence, since it gives the reason for the result that the rest of the sentence describes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 8 37 jbh5 figs-activepassive φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο 1 they were seized by great fear If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “they became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 37 l450 figs-personification φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο 1 they were seized by great fear Luke speaks of this **fear** figuratively as if it were something that could actively take hold of these people. Alternate translation: “they became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 8 37 l451 figs-synecdoche αὐτὸς δὲ ἐμβὰς, εἰς πλοῖον 1 he got into the boat Luke figuratively says **he**, meaning Jesus, to describe the entire group of Jesus and his disciples. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples got into the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 8 37 ue8c figs-explicit ὑπέστρεψεν 1 to return The implication is that Jesus and his disciples were going to return to Galilee. Alternate translation: “to go back across the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 38 s25w figs-events ἐδεῖτο δὲ αὐτοῦ 1 And the man begged The events in this verse and the next verse happened before Jesus left in the boat. It may be helpful to state that clearly at the beginning here. Alternate translation: “Before Jesus and his disciples left, the man begged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
LUK 8 38 l452 figs-quotations ἐδεῖτο…αὐτοῦ…εἶναι σὺν αὐτῷ 1 begged him to be with him If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a direct quotation, as UST does, breaking the sentence here. Alternate translation: “pleaded with Jesus, ‘Let me go with you!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 8 38 abce writing-pronouns ἀπέλυσεν δὲ αὐτὸν 1 he sent him away The word **he** refers to Jesus, and the word **him** refers to the man. Alternate translation: “Jesus sent the man away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 39 zl3v figs-metonymy τὸν οἶκόν σου 1 your house Jesus is using the word **house** figuratively to mean the people who live in the man’s **house**. Alternate translation: “your household” or “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 39 c9nh διηγοῦ ὅσα σοι ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός 1 describe all that God has done for you Alternate translation: “tell them everything about what God has done for you”
LUK 8 39 l453 figs-explicit καθ’ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν 1 throughout the whole city The implication is that this means the city of Gerasa, since Luke says in [8:29](../08/29.md) that Jesus and his disciples came to the region where this city was located. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “throughout the whole city of Gerasa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 40 l454 figs-synecdoche ἐν δὲ τῷ ὑποστρέφειν τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 Now when Jesus returned Luke figuratively says **he**, meaning Jesus, to describe the entire group of Jesus and his disciples. Alternate translation: “Now when Jesus returned with his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 8 40 yd57 grammar-connect-logic-result ἀπεδέξατο αὐτὸν ὁ ὄχλος; ἦσαν γὰρ πάντες προσδοκῶντες αὐτόν 1 the crowd welcomed him, for they were all expecting him If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the results that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “the crowd had been expecting him, and so they greeted him joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 8 41 l455 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 8 41 l456 writing-participants ἦλθεν ἀνὴρ ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰάειρος 1 a man came whose name was Jairus Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was man whose name was Jairus, and he came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 8 41 l457 translate-names Ἰάειρος 1 Jairus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 8 41 avi8 ἄρχων τῆς συναγωγῆς 1 a ruler of the synagogue Alternate translation: “one of the leaders at the local synagogue” or “a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that city”
LUK 8 41 epa2 translate-symaction πεσὼν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Ἰησοῦ 1 falling at the feet of Jesus Be sure that it is clear in your translation that Jairus did not fall down accidentally. Rather, bowing or lying down in front of Jesus was a sign of humility and respect for him. Alternate translation: “respectfully bowed down at Jesus’ feet” or “respectfully lay down on the ground in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 8 42 kq2v figs-explicit ἀπέθνῃσκεν 1 was dying The implication is that Jairus wanted Jesus to heal her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “was about to die, and he wanted Jesus to heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 42 ymb1 figs-explicit ἐν δὲ τῷ ὑπάγειν αὐτὸν 1 And as he was going You may need to say first in your language that Jesus had agreed to go with Jairus. You could put that information in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “So Jesus agreed to go with him. Now as he was on his way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 42 l458 writing-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 8 42 kw2y οἱ ὄχλοι συνέπνιγον αὐτόν 1 the crowds were crowding around him Alternate translation: “the people were crowding tightly around Jesus”
LUK 8 43 l7pu writing-participants γυνὴ οὖσα 1 there was a woman This introduces a new character into the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 8 43 h9uq figs-euphemism ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος 1 with a flow of blood Luke refers to her condition discreetly by using a mild expression. She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for that. If your language has a polite way of referring to this condition, you can use that expression here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 8 43 l459 translate-textvariants ἰατροῖς προσαναλώσασα ὅλον τὸν βίον 1 having spent all her living on doctors See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include this phrase in your translation. The note below discusses a translation issue in this phrase for those who decide to include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 8 43 l460 figs-metonymy ὅλον τὸν βίον 1 all her living This phrase uses the term **living** figuratively to mean the money that was needed for **living**. Alternate translation: “all of her money” or “all the money she had to live on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 43 zb4a figs-activepassive οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ἀπ’ οὐδενὸς θεραπευθῆναι 1 was not able to be healed by anyone If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whom no one had been able to heal” or, if you include the phrase from the textual variant, “who had spent all of her money on doctors, but none of them had been able to heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 44 vwe6 translate-unknown ἥψατο τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ 1 touched the edge of his cloak Jewish men wore tassels on the edges of their robes, as commanded in God’s Law. The woman likely **touched** one of those tassles. Alternate translation: “touched a tassel on his robe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 8 45 c3wm figs-explicit οἱ ὄχλοι συνέχουσίν σε καὶ ἀποθλίβουσιν 1 the crowds are crowding around and pressing against you By saying this, Peter was implying that anyone could have touched Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “there are many people crowding around you and pressing in against you, so any one of them might have touched you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 45 l461 figs-doublet συνέχουσίν σε καὶ ἀποθλίβουσιν 1 crowding around and pressing against you These two expressions mean similar things. Peter is using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “pressing against you from every side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 8 46 u6am figs-explicit ἥψατό μού τις 1 Someone touched me The implication is that Jesus means someone reached out and **touched** him intentionally. He is not referring to the accidental jostling of the crowd. Alternate translation: “Someone deliberately touched me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 46 zmu9 figs-explicit ἐγὼ…ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 I know power has gone out from me Jesus did not lose power or become weak. Rather, he recognized that power had gone out from him and healed someone. Alternate translation: “I felt power go out from me and heal someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 47 cwn4 figs-explicit ὅτι οὐκ ἔλαθεν 1 that she could not hide The implication is that she could not hide the fact that she had touched Jesus deliberately. Alternate translation: “that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 47 vua6 figs-explicit τρέμουσα ἦλθεν 1 she came trembling If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the implicit reason why she was **trembling**. Alternate translation: “she came trembling with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 47 vxl7 translate-symaction προσπεσοῦσα αὐτῷ 1 fell down before him Be sure that it is clear in your translation that the woman did not fall down accidentally. Rather, bowing or lying down in front of Jesus was a sign of humility and respect for him. Alternate translation: “respectfully bowed down in front of Jesus” or “respectfully lay down on the ground in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 8 47 l462 figs-activepassive ἰάθη 1 she had been healed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “she had become healthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 48 v4m9 figs-idiom θύγατερ 1 Daughter This was a kind way of speaking to a woman. Your language may have another way of expressing the same kindness. Alternate translation: “My dear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 48 uja4 figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 your faith has saved you If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **faith** with a verb such as “believe.” Alternate translation: “because you believed, you have become well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 8 48 l463 figs-personification ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 your faith has saved you Jesus speaks figuratively of the woman’s **faith** as if it had actively healed her. He means that it provided the conditions for the healing that she received from God. Alternate translation: “because you believed, you have become well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 8 48 l464 ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 your faith has saved you In this context, the word **saved** has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “because you believed, you have become well”
LUK 8 48 ch7m figs-idiom πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην 1 Go in peace This is a way of saying goodbye and giving a blessing at the same time. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace as you go” or “As you go, do not worry anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 8 49 m58z figs-explicit ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος 1 While he was still speaking This refers implicitly to what Jesus was saying in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “While Jesus was still saying these things to the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 49 l465 ἔρχεταί τις 1 someone comes To call attention to a development in the story, Luke uses the present tense in past narration. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “someone came”
LUK 8 49 deu3 figs-metonymy τις παρὰ τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 someone from the synagogue leader This does not mean someone whom Jairus sent, since Jairus was with Jesus. Rather, this means someone who had been at his house watching with the others over his daughter. Alternate translation: “someone who had been at the home of Jairus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 8 49 id9v figs-explicit μηκέτι σκύλλε τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 Do not trouble the Teacher any longer This statement implies that Jesus will not be able to do anything to help, since the girl is dead. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more that Jesus can do for you, so do not make him come to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 49 n6ez τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 the Teacher This is a respectful title. You can translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use.
LUK 8 50 l466 writing-pronouns ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ 1 he answered him The word **he** refers to Jesus, and the word **him** refers to Jairus, not the messenger. Jesus did not respond directly to the messenger. Rather, he reassured Jairus, despite the news. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to Jairus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 50 ej1b σωθήσεται 1 she will be saved In this context, the word **saved** has a specific meaning, comparable in this context to the meaning “healed.” Alternate translation: “she will come back to life”
LUK 8 50 l467 figs-activepassive σωθήσεται 1 she will be saved If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “she will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 8 51 gl9g figs-synecdoche ἐλθὼν δὲ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν 1 when he came to the house Luke figuratively says **he**, meaning Jesus, to describe the entire group that was coming with Jesus, which included his disciples and Jairus and likely others. Alternate translation: “when they arrived at the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 8 51 qal2 grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἀφῆκεν…τινα…εἰ μὴ 1 he did not allow anyone…except If, in your language, it would appear that Luke was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “Jesus only allowed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 8 51 i4v1 τὸν πατέρα τῆς παιδὸς 1 the father of the child This refers to Jairus. Alternate translation: “Jairus, the girl’s father”
LUK 8 52 tt9v translate-symaction ἔκλαιον…πάντες καὶ ἐκόπτοντο αὐτήν 1 they were all wailing and mourning for her This was the customary way of showing grief in that culture. The term that ULT translates as **mourning** could mean that the people were pounding on their chests as a sign of grief, although Luke uses a much more specific expression to say that directly in [18:13](../18/13.md). If you think your readers might not understand the significance of these actions, you could explain generally what the people were doing. Or you could describe the actions and say why the people were doing them. Alternate translation: “they were all loudly expressing their grief” or “all the people there were wailing and pounding on their chests to show how sad they were that the girl had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 8 52 l468 οὐ…ἀπέθανεν, ἀλλὰ καθεύδει 1 she has not died, but sleeps Alternate translation: “she is not dead, she is only sleeping”
LUK 8 53 nu8w writing-pronouns κατεγέλων αὐτοῦ, εἰδότες ὅτι ἀπέθανεν 1 laughed at him, knowing that she had died Alternate translation: “laughed at Jesus because they knew that Jairus’s daughter had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 54 e7zt writing-pronouns αὐτὸς…κρατήσας τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῆς 1 he, taking hold of her hand Alternate translation: “Jesus took hold of the girl’s hand and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 8 54 l469 figs-imperative ἔγειρε 1 arise This was not a command that the girl was capable of obeying. Instead, this was a command that directly caused her to be raised from the dead. Alternate translation: “your life is restored, so get up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 8 55 k6w2 figs-explicit ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῆς 1 her spirit returned The people of this time considered life to be the result of the spirit coming into a person. You could express this in the way that would be most meaningful in your culture. Alternate translation: “she started breathing again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 56 c6mp μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν 1 to tell no one If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the verb negative and the subject positive. Alternate translation: “not to tell anyone”
LUK 9 intro uc1r 0 # Luke 09 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus sends his twelve apostles to teach and heal (9:1–9)<br>2. Jesus miraculously feeds 5,000 people (9:10–17)<br>3. Jesus speaks with his disciples about who he is (9:18–27)<br>4. The glory of Jesus is revealed on a mountaintop (9:28–36)<br>5. Jesus drives a demon out of a boy (9:37–43)<br>6. Jesus speaks about being his disciple (9:44–50)<br>7. Jesus begins to travel to Jerusalem (9:51–62)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elijah<br><br>God had promised the Jews that the prophet Elijah would return before the Messiah came. So some people who saw Jesus do miracles thought Jesus was Elijah (9:9, 9:19). He was not. However, Elijah did come to earth to speak with Jesus (9:30). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/elijah]])<br><br>### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Luke says in this chapter that Jesus’ clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God’s Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a statement that describes two things that seem as if they cannot both be true at the same time, but which actually are both true. Jesus speaks a paradox in this chapter: “Whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it” (9:24).<br><br>### “Receiving”<br><br>This word appears several times in this chapter and means different things. When Jesus says, “If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me” (9:48), he is speaking of people serving the child. When Luke says, “the people there did not receive him” (9:53), he means that the people did not believe in or accept Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
LUK 9 1 l470 figs-nominaladj συνκαλεσάμενος…τοὺς δώδεκα 1 when he had called the Twelve together See how you translated this in [8:1](../08/01.md). You may have decided to translate the nominal adjective **Twelve** with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “when he had called together his 12 apostles” or “when he had called together the 12 men whom he had appointed to be apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 9 1 l471 translate-names τοὺς δώδεκα 1 the Twelve You may have decided instead in [8:1](../08/01.md) to translate this as a title, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns. If so, you can do the same thing here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 9 1 zqq6 figs-doublet δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν 1 power and authority These two terms mean similar things. Luke uses them together to show that Jesus gave his twelve disciples both the ability and the right to heal people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this phrase with a combination of words that includes both of these ideas. Alternate translation: “the right to use power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 9 1 fuj7 πάντα τὰ δαιμόνια 1 all the demons This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: “every demon” or “every kind of demon”
LUK 9 1 h8ql νόσους θεραπεύειν 1 to cure diseases Alternate translation: “to heal people of their sicknesses”
LUK 9 2 j5n3 ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς 1 sent them out Your language may require you to say where Jesus **sent** the disciples. Alternate translation: “sent them to various places” or “told them to go to various places”
LUK 9 2 l472 figs-abstractnouns τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God would rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 9 3 m7c5 καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 And he said to them It may be helpful to state that Jesus said these things to the disciples before they went out. Alternate translation: “Before the 12 disciples left, Jesus said to them”
LUK 9 3 aui6 μηδὲν αἴρετε 1 Take nothing If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the verb negative and the subject positive. Alternate translation: “Do not bring anything”
LUK 9 3 l473 figs-metonymy εἰς τὴν ὁδόν 1 for the road Jesus uses the term **road** figuratively to refer to the journey that his disciples will make by traveling along roads. Alternate translation: “for your journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 3 qm2p translate-unknown ῥάβδον 1 staff This term describes a large stick that people used for balance when climbing or when walking on uneven ground, and also for defense against animals and people. Alternate translation: “walking stick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 3 pp64 translate-unknown πήραν 1 bag This term describes something a traveler would use to carry things that were needed on a journey. Alternate translation: “knapsack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 3 n237 figs-synecdoche ἄρτον 1 bread Jesus figuratively uses one kind of food, **bread**, to represent food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 9 3 l474 figs-metonymy ἀργύριον 1 silver Jesus figuratively uses a means by which value is stored and exchanged, **silver**, to represent money by association. Alternate translation: “money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 3 l475 figs-litotes μήτε δύο χιτῶνας ἔχειν 1 nor have two tunics Jesus is using a figure of speech here that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. When he says that these men should not each have two tunics, he means that they each should only have one tunic. Alternate translation: “and do not bring an extra tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 9 4 kyw3 figs-explicit εἰς ἣν ἂν οἰκίαν εἰσέλθητε 1 whatever house you enter into The implication is that the disciples can **enter** a house because the people living there have welcomed them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “any house where you are welcomed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 4 sa5w ἐκεῖ μένετε 1 stay there Alternate translation: “stay in that same house”
LUK 9 4 ksb3 καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐξέρχεσθε 1 and go out from there Alternate translation: “until you leave that place”
LUK 9 5 ux5m καὶ ὅσοι ἂν μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς, ἐξερχόμενοι 1 And wherever they do not receive you, when you go out It may be helpful to make this two sentences. Alternate translation: “Here is what you should do in any town where people do not receive you. When you leave”
LUK 9 5 ze2w translate-symaction τὸν κονιορτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ἀποτινάσσετε 1 shake off the dust from your feet This action was an expression of strong rejection in this culture. It showed that someone did not want even the dust of a town to remain on them. If there is a similar gesture in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 9 5 l476 εἰς μαρτύριον ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 as a testimony against them Alternate translation: “as a warning to them”
LUK 9 6 afj9 ἐξερχόμενοι 1 they went out Alternate translation: “they left the place were Jesus was”
LUK 9 6 ycy4 figs-hyperbole θεραπεύοντες πανταχοῦ 1 healing everywhere Luke says **everywhere** as a figurative generalization. Alternate translation: “healing wherever they went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 9 7 z45t writing-background δὲ Ἡρῴδης 1 And Herod This phrase marks a break in the main story line. Luke is giving background information about Herod. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, Herod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 9 7 s2k4 translate-unknown Ἡρῴδης ὁ τετράρχης 1 Herod the tetrarch See how you translated the term **tetrarch** in [3:1](../03/01.md) Alternate translation: “Herod, who ruled the region of Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 7 c4vy διηπόρει 1 he was perplexed Alternate translation: “he was confused” or “he could not understand”
LUK 9 7 tcp1 figs-activepassive διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων 1 because it was said by some If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “because some people were saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 7 l477 figs-explicit ὅτι Ἰωάννης ἠγέρθη ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 that John had risen from the dead Luke reports in [3:20](../03/20.md) that Herod put John in prison. When John sends messengers to Jesus in [7:18-19](../07/18.md), he does this from prison. But by this point in the story, John is dead, because Herod has executed him. Luke assumes that his readers will know that. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could tell them explicitly. Alternate translation: “that John the Baptist, whom Herod had executed, had risen from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 7 l478 figs-explicit Ἰωάννης 1 John Luke assumes that his readers will know he is referring to John the Baptist. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 8 l479 figs-ellipsis ὑπό τινων δὲ, ὅτι Ἠλείας ἐφάνη 1 andbysomethatElijahhadappeared The expression **it was said** carries forward from the previous verse and applies to this phrase. Alternate translation: “and it was said by some that Elijah had appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 9 8 l480 figs-activepassive ὑπό τινων δὲ, ὅτι Ἠλείας ἐφάνη 1 andbysomethatElijahhadappeared If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and some people were saying that Elijah had appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 8 ekf7 figs-ellipsis ἄλλων δὲ, ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 butbyothersthatoneoftheancientprophetshadrisen from the dead The expression **it was said** also applies to this phrase. Alternate translation: “but it was said by others that one of the prophets from long ago had come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 9 8 l481 figs-activepassive ἄλλων δὲ, ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 butbyothersthatoneoftheancientprophetshadrisen from the dead If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form as well. Alternate translation: “but others were saying that one of the prophets from long ago had come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 9 flw3 figs-explicit Ἰωάννην ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα, τίς δέ ἐστιν οὗτος 1 I beheaded John, but who is this Herod is assuming that it is impossible for John to have risen from the dead. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “It cannot be John, because I had his head cut off, so who is this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 9 r98f figs-synecdoche Ἰωάννην ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα 1 I beheaded John Herod speaks of himself figuratively as the person who did this action, representing the entire group of people who were responsible for it. Herod’s soldiers would actually have carried out the execution, on his orders. Alternate translation: “I commanded my soldiers to cut off John’s head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 9 10 p7gf figs-explicit ὑποστρέψαντες, οἱ ἀπόστολοι 1 when the apostles returned The implication is that the apostles returned to where Jesus was. Alternate translation: “when the apostles came back to where Jesus was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 10 aal8 figs-explicit ὅσα ἐποίησαν 1 as much as they had done This refers to what they did when they went to the cities where Jesus sent them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “what had happened as they proclaimed the good news and healed the sick in the cities where Jesus had sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 10 l482 figs-activepassive πόλιν καλουμένην Βηθσαϊδά 1 a city called Bethsaida If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “a city whose name was Bethsaida” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 11 l483 figs-abstractnouns τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God would rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 9 12 btc8 writing-background ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν 1 And the day began to end Luke provides this background information to help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now it was getting towards the end of the day” or “Now the end of the day was approaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 9 12 l484 figs-nominaladj οἱ δώδεκα 1 the Twelve See how you translated this in [8:1](../08/01.md). You may have decided to translate the nominal adjective **Twelve** with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “his 12 apostles” or “the 12 men whom he had appointed to be apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 9 12 l485 translate-names οἱ δώδεκα 1 the Twelve You may have decided instead in [8:1](../08/01.md) to translate this as a title, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns. If so, you can do the same thing here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 9 13 l486 figs-litotes οὐκ εἰσὶν…πλεῖον ἢ 1 There are not more than The disciples are figuratively expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “There are only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 9 13 tay4 translate-unknown ἄρτοι πέντε 1 five loaves This means **loaves** of bread, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. Alternate translation: “five loaves of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 13 vuc1 figs-irony εἰ μήτι πορευθέντες, ἡμεῖς ἀγοράσωμεν εἰς πάντα τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον βρώματα 1 unless we go and buy food for all these people The disciples are not making a serious suggestion here. They actually mean to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words. Alternate translation: “and we certainly can not go and buy food for all these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 9 14 c9z5 figs-explicit ὡσεὶ ἄνδρες πεντακισχίλιοι 1 about 5,000 men Luke assumes that readers will know that this number does not include the women and children who were likely also present. (This is not a case where a masculine term includes women.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “about 5,000 men, not counting the women and children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 14 v44h κατακλίνατε αὐτοὺς 1 Have them recline to eat Alternate translation: “Tell them to sit down to eat”
LUK 9 15 l552 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 9 15 xq6k figs-parallelism ἐποίησαν οὕτως 1 thus they did, and made them all recline to eat These two phrases the same thing. Luke is using repetition for clarity and perhaps, by drawing things out, to create some suspense about what will happen next. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the disciples had all the people sit down as Jesus had instructed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 9 16 j39h λαβὼν δὲ τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους 1 Then taking the five loaves Alternate translation: “Then Jesus took the five loaves of bread”
LUK 9 16 j8y3 figs-explicit ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 looking up to heaven This describes Jesus looking toward the sky. The Jews believed that **heaven**, the abode of God, was located above the sky. Alternate translation: “looking up beyond the sky towards God in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 16 gm2v εὐλόγησεν αὐτοὺς 1 he blessed them The word **them** refers to the loaves of bread and the fish, not to the people who had sat down to eat. Alternate translation: “he gave thanks for the food”
LUK 9 17 l5ml figs-activepassive ἔφαγον καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν πάντες 1 they all ate and were satisfied If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “they all ate until they had had enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 17 l487 translate-unknown κόφινοι 1 baskets The term **baskets** refers here to containers made of woven material. In biblical times, baskets were often made from strong plant materials, such as peels of wood or reeds that grew near the water. If your readers would not be familiar with **baskets**, you could use a general term. Alternate translation: “containers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 18 y5a5 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 9 18 l91t προσευχόμενον κατὰ μόνας 1 praying alone The disciples were with Jesus, but he was praying personally and privately by himself. Alternate translation: “praying by himself”
LUK 9 19 l488 figs-hendiadys οἱ…ἀποκριθέντες εἶπαν 1 answering they said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that the disciples responded to the question that Jesus asked them. Alternate translation: “they responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 9 19 f2kh figs-ellipsis Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν, ἄλλοι δὲ, Ἠλείαν, ἄλλοι δὲ 1 John the Baptist, but others Elijah, and others The disciples are answering Jesus in a compressed way, leaving out words that a sentence would ordinarily need to be complete. Alternate translation: “Some say that you are John the Baptist, but others say that you are Elijah, and others say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 9 19 ewu4 figs-explicit ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη 1 that one of the ancient prophets has risen It may be helpful to clarify how this answer relates to Jesus’ question. Alternate translation: “that you are one of the prophets from long ago who has come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 19 x3px figs-explicit ἀνέστη 1 has risen This means **risen** from the dead. Alternate translation: “has come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 20 vy4u εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς 1 he said to them Alternate translation: “Jesus said to his disciples”
LUK 9 20 l489 figs-hendiadys Πέτρος δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν 1 Then Peter answering said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Peter responded to the follow-up question that Jesus asked his disciples. Alternate translation: “Then Peter responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 9 20 l490 figs-explicit τὸν Χριστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The Christ of God **Christ** is the Greek word for “Messiah.” Alternate translation: “You are the Messiah whom God promised to send” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 21 z55q figs-quotations αὐτοῖς, παρήγγειλεν μηδενὶ λέγειν τοῦτο 1 commanding them to tell this to no one If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the verb rather than the object negative. You could also express this as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “commanding them not to tell this to anyone” or “commanding them, ‘Do not tell this to anyone’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 9 22 m2v8 figs-123person δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου πολλὰ παθεῖν 1 It is necessary for the Son of Man to suffer many things Jesus is referring to himself here in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, am going to have to suffer many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 9 22 l491 figs-explicit δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου πολλὰ παθεῖν 1 It is necessary for the Son of Man to suffer many things See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah, am going to have to suffer many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 22 j5k8 figs-activepassive καὶ ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων 1 and to be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “The elders, chief priests, and scribes will reject him” or (if you translated in the first person) “The elders, chief priests, and scribes will reject me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 22 d5je figs-activepassive καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι 1 and to be killed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and they will kill him” or (if you translated in the first person) “and they will kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 22 l492 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 and to be raised on the third day This word at the beginning of this phrase indicates a contrast between what this phrase describes and what the previous phrases described. Alternate translation: “but he will be raised on the third day” or (if you translated in the first person) “but I will be raised on the third day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 9 22 lw6f figs-activepassive καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 and to be raised on the third day If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “but he will come back to life on the third day” or (if you translated in the first person) “but I will come back to life on the third day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 22 mfe8 translate-ordinal καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 and to be raised on the third day If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “but he will come back to life on day three” or (if you translated in the first person) “but I will come back to life on day three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 9 22 l493 figs-idiom καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 and to be raised on the third day In the idiom of this culture, today was the “first day,” tomorrow was the “second day,” and the day after tomorrow was the**third day**. To make sure that this is clear to your readers, you may wish to use a different expression than “the third day” or “day three,” especially if, in your culture, this would mean one day longer than Jesus intends. Otherwise, your readers may be confused when they read later in the book that Jesus died on a Friday and came back to life on a Sunday, if that would be “the second day” or “day two” according to the way your culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “and he will spend the next full day in the grave, but on the day after that, he will come back to life” or (if you translated in the first person) “and I will spend the next full day in the grave, but on the day after that, I will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 23 h1u1 πρὸς πάντας 1 to them all Alternate translation: “to all of his disciples who were with him”
LUK 9 23 h46s figs-metaphor ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεσθαι 1 come after me To follow or to **come after** Jesus represents being one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 23 fnk7 ἀρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν 1 let him deny himself Alternate translation: “he must forsake his own desires”
LUK 9 23 l494 figs-explicit ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ’ ἡμέραν 1 let him…take up his cross daily The image is of a condemned prisoner being forced to carry the cross on which he would be crucified to the place where he would be executed. Luke assumes that his readers will recognize this image from their own culture. But if it would not be familiar to your readers, you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “he must be willing every day to suffer and die for my sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 23 h7j1 figs-metaphor ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ’ ἡμέραν 1 let him…take up his cross daily To **take up** a **cross** figuratively represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate translation: “he must be willing every day to suffer and die for my sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 23 pk72 figs-metaphor ἀκολουθείτω μοι 1 let him…follow me Following Jesus here represents obeying him. Alternate translation: “my disciples must obey me in that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 24 l495 figs-idiom ὃς δ’ ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ 1 but whoever would lose his life for my sake This is an idiom. Jesus is not encouraging his disciples to do self-destructive things. Alternate translation: “but whoever is willing to give up everything for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 25 lx8i figs-rquestion τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωπος, κερδήσας τὸν κόσμον ὅλον, ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀπολέσας ἢ ζημιωθείς? 1 For what is a man profited, having gained the whole world, but losing or destroying himself? Jesus does not expect his disciples to tell him what benefit this would be. Rather, he is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would not benefit a person to get everything he wanted in this world and yet be lost eternally.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 9 25 l496 figs-activepassive τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωπος 1 what is a man profited If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what benefit would it be to a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 25 l497 figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπος 1 a man Jesus is using the term **man** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 9 25 hpp5 figs-hyperbole κερδήσας τὸν κόσμον ὅλον 1 having gained the whole world Jesus says **the whole world** as an overstatement for emphasis. Alternate translation: “to get everything he wanted in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 9 25 xsk5 figs-doublet ἑαυτὸν…ἀπολέσας ἢ ζημιωθείς 1 losing or destroying himself The terms **losing** and **destroying** mean the same thing. Jesus uses them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “completely destroying himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 9 26 yrr4 figs-metonymy τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους 1 my words Jesus is using the term **words** figuratively to describe the things he teaches by using words. Alternate translation: “my teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 26 tx1k figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself here in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 9 26 l498 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 26 dl2i guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς 1 the Father This is an important title for God. Alternate translation: “God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 9 27 ef6j figs-idiom λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν ἀληθῶς 1 But I say to you truly Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 27 m113 figs-123person εἰσίν τινες τῶν αὐτοῦ ἑστηκότων, οἳ οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου, ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 there are some of those who are standing here who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God Jesus is using the third person to talk about the people he is talking to. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “some of you who are standing here will not die before you see the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 9 27 j7fc figs-litotes οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου, ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God Jesus is figuratively expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “will see the kingdom of God before they die” or (if you are translating in the second person) “will see the kingdom of God before you die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 9 27 gj8t figs-idiom γεύσωνται θανάτου 1 taste death This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 27 l499 figs-abstractnouns τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “God ruling as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 9 28 l500 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 9 28 si9j figs-metonymy μετὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 after these words This refers to what Jesus said to his disciples in the preceding verses. Luke uses the term **words** figuratively to describe the things that Jesus said by using words. Alternate translation: “after Jesus said these things to his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 29 l501 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new development within this episode. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 9 30 p3cd figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the word **behold** here to alert readers to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 31 g28p figs-activepassive οἳ ὀφθέντες ἐν δόξῃ 1 who were seen in glory This phrase gives information about how Moses and Elijah looked. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “who appeared in glorious splendor” or “who were shining brightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 31 cur1 figs-euphemism τὴν ἔξοδον αὐτοῦ 1 his departure Luke is using a polite way of referring to Jesus’ death. Alternate translation: “how Jesus would leave this world” or “how Jesus would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 9 31 l502 ἣν ἤμελλεν πληροῦν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 which he was about to fulfill in Jerusalem Alternate translation: “which was soon going to happen in Jerusalem”
LUK 9 32 i29n writing-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information about what Peter, James, and John were doing while Jesus was speaking with Moses and Elijah. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 9 32 f8ip figs-activepassive βεβαρημένοι ὕπνῳ 1 Peter and those with him were weighted with sleep If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “sleep was weighing heavily upon Peter and James and John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 32 l503 figs-personification βεβαρημένοι ὕπνῳ 1 Peter and those with him were weighted with sleep Luke speaks of **sleep** figuratively as if it were something that could be like a weight pressing down on a person. Alternate translation: “Peter and James and John all felt very sleepy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 9 32 tw7e figs-explicit εἶδον τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ 1 they saw his glory As in [2:9](../02/09.md), the implication is that this **glory** manifested visibly as a bright light. Alternate translation: “they saw brilliant light shining around Jesus” or “they saw a very bright light coming from Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 32 tsj6 καὶ τοὺς δύο ἄνδρας τοὺς συνεστῶτας αὐτῷ 1 and the two men who were standing with him This refers to Moses and Elijah. Alternate translation: “and they also saw Moses and Elijah”
LUK 9 33 l504 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new development within this episode. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 9 33 npk9 writing-pronouns ἐν τῷ διαχωρίζεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 as they were going away from him The word **they** refers to Moses and Elijah, not to the disciples. Alternate translation: “as Moses and Elijah were about to leave Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 9 33 l505 figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς…ποιήσωμεν 1 for us…let us make Since Peter wants to make it possible for Moses and Elijah to stay, when he says **it is good for us to be here**, he likely means “all six of us.” So if your language distinguishes between the exclusive and inclusive **us**, use the inclusive form in this sentence. However, when Peter says to Jesus, “let us make three tents,” he likely means that he and James and John would build them, so in that sentence, use the exclusive form of **us**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 9 33 mby6 translate-unknown σκηνὰς 1 tents This term describes simple, temporary places in which to sit or sleep. Peter probably had in mind that he and the other two disciples would build them from the materials available on the mountain such as tree branches. Alternate translation: “shelters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 33 l506 μὴ εἰδὼς ὃ λέγει 1 not knowing what he says To call attention to a development in the story, Luke uses the present tense in past narration. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He did not know what he was saying”
LUK 9 34 ct1w writing-pronouns ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος 1 as he was saying this Alternate translation: “while Peter was saying these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 9 34 e75d figs-explicit ἐφοβήθησαν 1 they were afraid These adult disciples were not afraid of clouds. Rather, given all the unusual things that had already taken place on this mountain, they were afraid of what might happen to them once the cloud came completely over them. Alternate translation: “they were very apprehensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 34 asa6 εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν νεφέλην 1 they entered into the cloud This can be expressed in terms of what the cloud did. Alternate translation: “the cloud surrounded them”
LUK 9 35 q8xy figs-explicit φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης 1 there was a voice from the cloud Luke expects readers to understand that this voice could only have belonged to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God spoke to them from the cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 35 c3gt guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός μου 1 my Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 9 35 l733 figs-activepassive ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος 1 the one who is chosen If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could indicate who has done the action. Alternate translation: “the one I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 36 l507 ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνὴν 1 when the voice had happened Alternate translation: “after the voice had spoken”
LUK 9 36 l508 figs-idiom εὑρέθη Ἰησοῦς μόνος 1 Jesus was found alone The term **found** is an idiom that means “could be found” or “was there.” Alternate translation: “only Jesus was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 36 l509 figs-activepassive εὑρέθη Ἰησοῦς μόνος 1 Jesus was found alone If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “only Jesus was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 36 v9uy figs-doublet αὐτοὶ ἐσίγησαν, καὶ οὐδενὶ ἀπήγγειλαν 1 they were silent and told no one These two phrases mean the same thing. (The Greek verb in the first phrase does not always mean to make no sound. It can also mean to keep a secret.) Luke uses the two phrases together for emphasis. In your translation, you could also use repetition for emphasis, or, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases. Alternate translation: “they kept it a secret and did not tell anyone” or “they said nothing about it to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 9 36 l510 figs-doublenegatives οὐδενὶ ἀπήγγειλαν…οὐδὲν 1 told no one…anything Luke uses a double negative in Greek for emphasis here, “told no one … nothing.” The second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning, “told someone … something.” If for emphasis your language uses double negatives that do not cancel one another, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 9 36 l511 figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 in those days Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 37 q5f5 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 9 38 l512 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 38 k35b writing-participants ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου 1 a man from the crowd Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a man in the crowd who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 9 38 l513 Διδάσκαλε 1 Teacher This is a respectful title. You can translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use.
LUK 9 38 l514 figs-idiom ἐπιβλέψαι ἐπὶ 1 look upon This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 39 l515 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold The man uses the term **behold** to calls Jesus’ attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 39 ka7j writing-participants πνεῦμα 1 a spirit The man uses this phrase to introduce the spirit into his story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there is an evil spirit that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 9 39 abm3 translate-unknown μετὰ ἀφροῦ 1 with foam When a person is having convulsions, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to form around their mouths. Alternate translation: “and foam comes out of his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 39 l516 figs-litotes μόγις ἀποχωρεῖ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 it departs from him with difficulty The man is figuratively expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “it attacks him very often” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 9 39 l517 figs-metaphor συντρῖβον αὐτόν 1 crushing him The man speaks figuratively of the spirit as if it were a heavy weight whose attacks crush the boy. This is a reference to the injuries that the spirit causes. Alternate translation: “injuring him badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 41 sdu1 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 Then answering Jesus said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the man’s request. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 9 41 bi9m figs-apostrophe ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη, ἕως πότε ἔσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν? 1 O unbelieving and perverted generation, until when will I be with you and bear with you? Jesus is speaking figuratively to something that he knows cannot hear him. He is addressing the entire **generation** of people who were living at that time, and they are not all present to hear him. He is doing this to show the people who can hear him, the crowd that has gathered there, how he feels about their generation in a very strong way. If your readers might not understand this kind of figurative speech, you could translate Jesus’ words as if he were speaking directly to the crowd, since they are included in the **generation** that Jesus is figuratively addressing. Alternate translation: “You have all gone wrong because you do not believe, so I hope I do not have to stay here and put up with you for very long!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LUK 9 41 l518 figs-rquestion ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη, ἕως πότε ἔσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν? 1 O unbelieving and perverted generation, until when will I be with you and bear with you? Jesus is using the question form for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have all gone wrong because you do not believe, so I hope I do not have to stay here and put up with you for very long!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 9 41 apa3 figs-doublet ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη 1 O unbelieving and perverted generation The terms **unbelieving** and **perverted** mean similar things. Jesus uses them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “You have all gone wrong because you do not believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 9 41 qk1w figs-you ἕως πότε ἔσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν? 1 until when will I be with you and bear with you? In both cases here, **you** is plural in Greek because Jesus is addressing a **generation** that is made up of many people. However, **generation** is a collective noun, and if your language would treat a collective noun as singular in a context like this, you could use the singular form of **you**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 9 41 ls7b figs-you προσάγαγε ὧδε τὸν υἱόν σου 1 Bring your son here Jesus is now speaking to the father of the boy, and so **your** is singular here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 9 42 l519 writing-pronouns ἔτι…προσερχομένου αὐτοῦ 1 while he was coming The word **he** refers to the boy, not to the father. Alternate translation: “while the boy was coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 9 43 hz1l figs-explicit ἐξεπλήσσοντο δὲ πάντες ἐπὶ τῇ μεγαλειότητι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 they all marveled at the majesty of God Jesus performed the miracle, but the crowd recognized that **God** was the power behind the healing. Alternate translation: “they were all amazed that God would work so powerfully through Jesus in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 43 d61c writing-pronouns πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίει 1 everything that he was doing The word **he** refers to Jesus, not to God the Father. Alternate translation: “everything Jesus was doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 9 44 gah9 figs-idiom θέσθε ὑμεῖς εἰς τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 You put these words in your ears Jesus is using an idiom to tell his disciples to pay careful attention to what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully to this and remember it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 44 im3l figs-activepassive ὁ γὰρ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει παραδίδοσθαι 1 the Son of Man is going to be handed over If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “someone is going to betray the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 44 ygr3 figs-123person ὁ γὰρ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει παραδίδοσθαι 1 the Son of Man is going to be handed over Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “someone is going to betray me, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 9 44 l520 figs-explicit ὁ γὰρ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει παραδίδοσθαι 1 the Son of Man is going to be handed over See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “someone is going to betray me, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 44 l521 figs-metaphor εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων 1 into the hands of men The term **hands** figuratively represent power and control. Alternate translation: “and give men power over him” or (if you translated in the first person) “and give men power over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 44 l522 figs-explicit εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων 1 into the hands of men It may be helpful to make explicit who these **men** are. Alternate translation: “and give his enemies power over him” or (if you translated in the first person) “and give my enemies power over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 45 l523 figs-metonymy τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο…περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος τούτου 1 this word…about this word Luke uses the term **word** figuratively to describe what Jesus said by using words. Alternate translation: “this saying…about this saying” or “this statement…about this statement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 45 ub1r figs-activepassive ἦν παρακεκαλυμμένον ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 it was hidden from them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God hid its meaning from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 46 dh3w writing-pronouns ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 among them Be sure that it is clear in your translation that the word **them** does not include Jesus. He was not arguing, along with the disciples, about who was the **greatest**. Alternate translation: “among the disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 9 46 l524 τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 1 which of them might be the greatest Alternate translation: “which one of them was the greatest”
LUK 9 47 cx62 figs-metaphor εἰδὼς τὸν διαλογισμὸν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 knowing the reasoning in their hearts Luke uses the term **hearts** here figuratively to represent the disciples’ thoughts and evaluations. Alternate translation: “knowing what they were thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 48 l525 figs-hyperbole τοῦτο τὸ παιδίον 1 this child Jesus is using the child as an extreme example. He is illustrating that since he will be present in even the most humble of his followers, the disciples do not need to argue among themselves about which of them is the greatest. Everyone who is working on behalf of Jesus possesses his full honor and dignity. Alternate translation: “even someone as seemingly insignificant as this child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 9 48 afx5 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name The term **name** is a figurative way of referring to a person by reference to something associated with them. Alternate translation: “as someone who is working on my behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 48 mav1 figs-metaphor ἐμὲ δέχεται 1 welcomes me This is a metaphor, but if it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it as a simile. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is welcoming me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 48 awc6 figs-explicit τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με 1 the one who sent me Jesus assumes that his disciples will know that this means God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God, who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 48 zw5t figs-gendernotations οὗτός ἐστιν μέγας 1 he is great Jesus uses the word **he** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “that is the person whom God considers to be great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 9 49 uwr3 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰωάννης εἶπεν 1 Then answering John said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that John responded to what Jesus had just said. Alternate translation: “Then John responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 9 49 bj41 figs-exclusive εἴδομέν…μεθ’ ἡμῶν 1 we saw…with us When John says **we**, he is speaking of himself and some other disciples who spoke to this man, so **we** would be exclusive, if your language uses that form. However, when John says **us**, he seems to be referring to the disciples and Jesus traveling together, and since he is speaking to Jesus, **us** would be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 9 49 py8i figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου 1 in your name The term **name** is a figurative way of referring to a person by reference to something associated with them. This expression means the person was acting with the power and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” or “as your representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 49 l526 figs-metaphor οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ μεθ’ ἡμῶν 1 he does not follow with us In this case, to **follow** Jesus does not seem to mean to be one of his disciples, as in [5:27](../05/27.md), since this man was acting in Jesus’ **name**. Rather, in this context it seems to refer to traveling together in this group with Jesus. Alternate translation: “he does not travel with you in our group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 50 hw85 figs-litotes μὴ κωλύετε 1 Do not prevent him Jesus is figuratively expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Allow him to continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 9 51 l527 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 9 51 c8gx figs-activepassive ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ἀναλήμψεως αὐτοῦ 1 when the days of his being taken up were being fulfilled If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active verbal forms in place of these two passive forms, and in the second case you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “when it was almost time for God to take him up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 9 51 l528 figs-idiom ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὰς ἡμέρας 1 when the days…were being fulfilled Luke uses the term **days** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “when it was almost time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 51 l529 figs-explicit τῆς ἀναλήμψεως αὐτοῦ 1 of his being taken up The implication is that God would take Jesus back up to heaven, and the further implication is that this would be after Jesus died. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say one or both of those things explicitly. Alternate translation: “for God to take him up to heaven” or “for him to die and for God to take him back up to heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 51 mq2d figs-idiom τὸ πρόσωπον ἐστήρισεν 1 he set his face This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he firmly decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 52 l530 figs-metaphor πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ 1 before his face The term **face** figuratively means the front of a person. Alternate translation: “ahead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 52 l531 translate-names κώμην Σαμαρειτῶν 1 aSamaritanvillage The term **Samaritan** is a name that refers to a place that is in the region of Samaria or to a person who is from that region. Samaria was between Galilee and Judea, and the people who lived there were not Jewish and they were hostile to the Jews. The terms **Samaritan** and Samaria occur several times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 9 52 b6ct figs-idiom ὡς ἑτοιμάσαι αὐτῷ 1 so as to prepare for him This means to make arrangements in anticipation of his arrival there, such as for food to eat, a place to stay, and possibly also a place to speak. Alternate translation: “to arrange his accommodations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 9 53 v61k οὐκ ἐδέξαντο αὐτόν 1 they did not welcome him Alternate translation: “the Samaritans did not want him to stay with them”
LUK 9 53 l532 figs-synecdoche τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἦν πορευόμενον εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 his face was going to Jerusalem Luke is using one part of Jesus to represent all of him. Luke may use the **face** because Jesus was facing in the direction he was traveling. Or this may echo the expression “he set his face” in [9:52](../09/52.md). Alternate translation: “he was traveling toward Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 9 53 n62j figs-explicit ὅτι τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἦν πορευόμενον εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 because his face was going to Jerusalem The Samaritans and the Jews hated each other. Therefore the Samaritans did not want to help Jesus travel to Jerusalem, which was the Jewish capital and the place where the Jews held their major religious observances. Alternate translation: “because they did not want to help any Jew make a journey to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 54 a8sf figs-metaphor ἰδόντες 1 saw The word **saw** figuratively represents notice and attention. Alternate translation: “recognized that the Samaritans were not going to accommodate Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 54 y4rq figs-explicit θέλεις εἴπωμεν πῦρ καταβῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀναλῶσαι αὐτούς? 1 do you want us to tell fire to come down from heaven and consume them? James and John suggested this method of judgment because they knew that this was how the prophets such as Elijah had called down judgment upon people who rejected God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do you want us to tell fire to come down from heaven to consume them, as Elijah did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 54 l533 figs-exclusive θέλεις εἴπωμεν 1 do you want us to tell By **us**, James and John mean themselves, but not Jesus, so **us** is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 9 55 pj6b writing-pronouns στραφεὶς…ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς 1 he turned and rebuked them The term **them** refers to James and John. Jesus did not condemn the Samaritans, as the disciples expected. Alternate translation: “Jesus turned around and rebuked James and John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 9 57 l534 τις 1 someone This was not one of the disciples. Alternate translation: “a certain person”
LUK 9 58 yq5n figs-merism αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν, καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις 1 The foxes have dens, and the birds of the sky have nests Jesus is using a figure of speech. By naming a creature that lives on land and a creature that flies in the air, Jesus is referring to all creatures. Alternate translation: “Every creature has a place to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 9 58 anv9 translate-unknown αἱ ἀλώπεκες 1 the foxes have dens The word **foxes** describes land animals that are similar to small dogs. The word **dens** refers to holes that these animals dig in the ground as shelters. If your readers would not be familiar with this animal and its habits, you could describe them in general terms. Alternate translation: “little animals live in holes in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 58 c88m figs-explicitinfo τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the birds of the sky In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could abbreviate it. However, you could also use an action clause to keep the sense of **sky**, to complement the idea of “ground” in the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “birds” or “birds that fly in the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 9 58 r7vq figs-123person ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 9 58 l535 figs-explicit ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 58 l536 figs-explicit οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ 1 does not have anywhere to lay his head Jesus implies that if this person were to follow him, he too might not have a home. Alternate translation: “does not have a home anywhere, so if you become my disciple, expect that you will not have a home either” or (if you translated in the first person) “do not have a home anywhere, so if you become my disciple, expect that you will not have a home either” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 58 l537 figs-metonymy οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ 1 does not have anywhere to lay his head This expression figuratively means “does not have anywhere to sleep,” by association with something that a person does in order to sleep, **lay** down his **head**. And a place to sleep, by association, means a home, since that is where people sleep. Alternate translation: “does not have a home anywhere” or (if you translated in the first person) “do not have a home anywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 58 ff62 figs-hyperbole οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ 1 does not have anywhere to lay his head Jesus actually did find places to sleep wherever he went to teach and heal, but he says figuratively that he has no such place at all to emphasize that he has no permanent home. Alternate translation: “does not have a permanent home” or (if you translated in the first person) “do not have a permanent home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 9 59 l538 figs-metaphor ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Follow me As in [5:27](../05/27.md), to **follow** Jesus means to become one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “I want you to be one of my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 59 l539 ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀπελθόντι, πρῶτον θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου 1 permit me to go first to bury my father It is unclear whether the man’s father had died and that he would bury him immediately, or whether the man wanted to wait for a longer amount of time until his father died so that he could bury him then. The main point is that the man wanted to do something else first before going with Jesus. Alternate translation: “before I do that, let me go and bury my father”
LUK 9 59 l540 figs-metonymy ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀπελθόντι, πρῶτον θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου 1 permit me to go first to bury my father One possible meaning of this expression is that the man wanted to wait until he had received his inheritance from his father so that he could live on that money while traveling with Jesus. If so, then he would be referring to the inheritance by association with his father’s death, and he would be referring to his father’s death by association with his burial. Alternate translation: “let me wait until I receive my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 60 l541 figs-metaphor ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς 1 Let the dead bury their own dead Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Instead, the expression **the dead** likely refers figuratively to those who do not follow Jesus and so are spiritually dead. Alternate translation: “Let people who are not concerned about spiritual things take care of everyday matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 60 l542 figs-nominaladj τοὺς νεκροὺς 1 the dead Jesus is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are dead” or “people who are not concerned about spiritual things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 9 60 l543 figs-abstractnouns τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God will rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 9 61 l544 figs-metaphor ἀκολουθήσω σοι 1 I will follow you As in [5:27](../05/27.md), to **follow** Jesus means to become one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “I want to be one of your disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 61 l545 πρῶτον δὲ ἐπίτρεψόν μοι 1 but first permit me Alternate translation: “but before I do that, please let me”
LUK 9 61 l546 figs-metonymy τοῖς εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου 1 those in my home This person is referring figuratively to his family by association with where they live. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 9 62 l547 figs-metaphor οὐδεὶς ἐπιβαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ ἄροτρον καὶ βλέπων εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, εὔθετός ἐστιν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 No one, having put his hand on a plow, yet looking to the things behind, is fit for the kingdom of God Jesus responds with an illustration that is designed to teach this person about what is required to be his disciple. He means that a person is not suitable for the kingdom to God if his past loyalties are more important to him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain this illustration. Alternate translation, add: “No one can plow straight if he is looking backwards, and in the same way, no one will be useful in the kingdom of God if his past loyalties are more important to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 62 l548 figs-synecdoche οὐδεὶς ἐπιβαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ ἄροτρον 1 No one, having put his hand on a plow Jesus refers figuratively to a person using a plow by describing one part of that activity, guiding the plow with the **hand**. Alternate translation: “No one who is using a plow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 9 62 l553 translate-unknown οὐδεὶς ἐπιβαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ ἄροτρον 1 No one, having put his hand on a plow A **plow** is a tool that farmers use to break up soil to prepare a field for planting. Plows have sharp, pointed prongs that dig into the soil. They usually have handles that the farmer uses to guide the plow. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of tool, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “No one who needs to go straight forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 9 62 l549 figs-explicit βλέπων εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω 1 looking to the things behind The implication is that anyone who is looking backwards while plowing cannot guide the plow where it needs to go. That person must focus on looking forward in order to plow well. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “looking backwards, and so not going in the right direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 9 62 l550 figs-abstractnouns εὔθετός ἐστιν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 is fit for the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “can really let God rule his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 10 intro z899 0 # Luke 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus sends seventy-two disciples to teach and heal (10:1–24)<br>2. Jesus tells the Parable of the Good Samaritan (10:25–37)<br>3. Jesus visits Mary and Martha (10:38–43)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest refers to the time when people gather in the food they have planted so they can eat it some of it right away and store the rest for future use. Jesus uses this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so that those people can become part of God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Neighbor<br><br>The Jews helped their Jewish neighbors who needed help, and they expected their Jewish neighbors to help them. Jesus wanted them to understand that people who were not Jews were also their neighbors, so he told them a story about this (10:29-37). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])<br><br>## Important textual issues in this chapter<br><br>### “72”<br><br>In 10:1 and 10:17, some ancient manuscripts of the Bible read “72,” but others read “70.” ULT reads “72,” but it mentions in a footnote that scholars are divided as to which number was originally in the book of Luke.<br><br>### “Jesus”<br><br>In 10:39, many of the best ancient manuscripts read “Jesus,” but some read “the Lord.” ULT reads “Jesus.”<br><br>In both of these cases, if a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the example of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 10 1 u8l6 writing-newevent μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα 1 And after these things Luke uses this phrase to mark a new event in the story. If your language has a similar expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 10 1 l551 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a title that shows his authority. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 10 1 m75c translate-textvariants ἑβδομήκοντα δύο 1 72 See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to say **72** or “70” in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 10 1 g8ka figs-idiom ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς ἀνὰ δύο 1 sent them out by twos This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “sent them out two by two” or “sent them out in in groups of two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 1 l554 figs-metaphor πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ 1 before his face The term **face** figuratively means the front of a person. Alternate translation: “ahead of him” or “to prepare the way for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 2 fx9w figs-events ἔλεγεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς 1 And he said to them Jesus said these things to the 72 disciples before they actually went out. Alternate translation: “He had said to them” or “Before they went out, he told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
LUK 10 2 ju6z figs-metaphor ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι 1 The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few This statement means, “There is a big crop, but there are not enough workers to bring it in.” Jesus is speaking figuratively. Alternate translation: “There are many people who are ready to enter God’s kingdom, but there are not enough disciples to help them understand how to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 2 l555 figs-exmetaphor τοῦ Κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ 1 the Lord of the harvest Jesus continues to speak figuratively and extends his metaphor by describing God as **the Lord of the harvest**. Alternate translation: “God, who leads people to believe”
LUK 10 2 l556 figs-exmetaphor ὅπως ἐργάτας ἐκβάλῃ εἰς τὸν θερισμὸν αὐτοῦ 1 that he would send out laborers into his harvest Jesus extends his metaphor even further by describing disciples who help others to trust in him as **laborers** in the **harvest**. Alternate translation: “to send more disciples to go and help people trust in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 10 3 x732 figs-explicit ὑπάγετε 1 Go If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly where Jesus wants these disciples to go. Alternate translation: “Go to the cities and places where I am sending you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 3 l557 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get his disciples to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 3 u8h7 figs-simile ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς ἄρνας ἐν μέσῳ λύκων 1 I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves Wolves attack and kill sheep. This simile is a warning to the disciples whom Jesus is sending out that there will be people who will want to harm them. You could explain the meaning of this figurative expression in your translation. (However, you could also reproduce the simile, as suggested in the next note.) Alternate translation: “when I send you out, there are going to be some people who will want to harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 10 3 l558 translate-unknown ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς ἄρνας ἐν μέσῳ λύκων 1 I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves Jesus’ disciples would have known that **lambs** are gentle animals that have been domesticated for their wool, milk, meat, and leather, and that **wolves** are predatory land animals, similar to large dogs, that hunt and kill in packs. If you would like to reproduce the simile, but your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use general terms. Alternate translation: “I am sending you out like harmless animals that will encounter a pack of predators” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 10 3 l559 figs-you ὑμᾶς 1 you Since Jesus is speaking to these 72 disciples as a group, **you** is plural here and through [10:12](../10/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 10 4 l560 figs-idiom μὴ βαστάζετε βαλλάντιον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ ὑποδήματα 1 Do not carry a money bag, nor a sack, nor sandals Jesus is using the word **carry** in an idiomatic sense here to mean “bring along.” He is not envisioning that these disciples might carry their sandals in their hands. Alternate translation: “Do not bring any money or provisions or extra clothes with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 4 fz6p figs-metonymy μὴ βαστάζετε βαλλάντιον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ ὑποδήματα 1 Do not carry a money bag, nor a sack, nor sandals While Jesus probably means what he says literally about not bringing these specific items, he is also using them figuratively with larger meanings. The **money bag** represents the money it would contain. The **sack** represents the provisions someone would carry in it for a journey. The **sandals** represent, in this culture, more clothing and equipment than is strictly needed. Alternate translation: “Do not bring any money or provisions or extra clothes with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 4 l561 figs-explicit μὴ βαστάζετε βαλλάντιον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ ὑποδήματα 1 Do not carry a money bag, nor a sack, nor sandals If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why Jesus does not want his disciples to bring these things with them. As he will explain in [10:7](../10/07.md), he wants the people who receive his message to provide for those who bring the message. Alternate translation: “Do not bring any money or provisions or extra clothes with you, because the people who receive my message will provide for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 4 tj52 figs-hyperbole μηδένα κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἀσπάσησθε 1 greet no one on the road Jesus is generalizing to indicate that these disciples should go quickly to the places where he is sending them to prepare the way for him. He is not telling them to be rude. Alternate translation: “make your journey as quickly as possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 10 5 l562 figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε, εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 say, ‘Peace be to this house’ Luke is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting what he wants his disciples to say. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “say that you want there to be peace in that house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 10 5 zk69 figs-metonymy εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 Peace be to this house The term **house** refers figuratively to the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “May the people in this household have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 5 l563 figs-idiom εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 Peace be to this house This was an idiomatic expression, based on the Hebrew concept of “shalom,” that was both a greeting and a blessing. Alternate translation: “I greet all of you in this household and I wish for God to bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 6 x5e4 figs-idiom υἱὸς εἰρήνης 1 a son of peace The expression **son of** refers figuratively to a person who shares the qualities of something. Alternate translation: “a person who wants peace with God and with people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 6 pq5j figs-metaphor ἐπαναπαήσεται ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν 1 your peace will rest upon him The term **upon** creates a spatial metaphor here. It means that this person will experience the peace that God gives in a special and lasting way. Alternate translation: “he will deeply experience the peace that you wish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 6 it4v figs-ellipsis εἰ…μή γε 1 if not It may be helpful to restate the entire phrase. Alternate translation: “if there is no one there who wants peace with God and with people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 10 6 zpx9 figs-personification ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἀνακάμψει 1 it will return to you Jesus describes **peace** as a living thing that could choose to leave one person and go to another person. Alternate translation: “you will experience that peace yourself instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 10 7 ki3k ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ μένετε 1 remain in that house Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all the time and never leave it, but that they should make it their base of operations for as long as they were in that place. Alternate translation: “stay at that house”
LUK 10 7 l564 figs-idiom τὰ παρ’ αὐτῶν 1 what is from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the food and drink that they provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 7 u3vs writing-proverbs ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 for the laborer is worthy of his wages Jesus is quoting or creating a proverb, a short saying about something that is generally true in life, to explain the reason for these arrangements. You could translate the proverb directly into your language, or you could explain its meaning. Alternate translation: “since you will be teaching and healing the people, they should provide you with a place to stay and food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
LUK 10 7 kd8i μὴ μεταβαίνετε ἐξ οἰκίας εἰς οἰκίαν 1 Do not move around from house to house This expression describes staying in different houses rather than making one house the base of operations the whole time. Jesus is repeating his earlier instruction, **remain in that house**, for emphasis. Jesus is not saying that these disciples cannot go to meet with people in other homes. Alternate translation: “As I said, stay at that house”
LUK 10 8 k8yb writing-pronouns καὶ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς 1 and they receive you The term **they** refers to the people living in this city. Alternate translation: “if the people there welcome you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 10 8 wd2x figs-activepassive ἐσθίετε τὰ παρατιθέμενα ὑμῖν 1 eat what is served to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “eat whatever food the people of that city serve you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 9 ws6g figs-nominaladj τοὺς…ἀσθενεῖς 1 the sick Jesus is using the adjective **sick** as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the people who are sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 10 9 l565 writing-pronouns ἐν αὐτῇ 1 in it Alternate translation: “who live in that city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 10 9 l566 figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε αὐτοῖς, ἤγγικεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 say to them, ‘The kingdom of God has come close to you’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “tell them that the kingdom of God has come close to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 10 9 e1he figs-abstractnouns ἤγγικεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The kingdom of God has come close to you The idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** can be expressed with a verb such as “rule.” This could mean one of two things. (1) The kingdom of God is close in place, that is, its activities are happening nearby. Alternate translation: “God is ruling in this area” (2) The kingdom of God is close in time, that is, it will begin soon. Alternate translation: “God will soon begin to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 10 10 nt9n writing-pronouns καὶ μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς 1 and they do not receive you This is a direct contrast to the similar expression in [10:8](../10/08.md). Once again the term **they** refers to the people living in this city. Alternate translation: “if the people there do not welcome you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 10 11 l567 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν εἰς τοὺς πόδας ἀπομασσόμεθα ὑμῖν; πλὴν τοῦτο γινώσκετε, ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Even the dust that clings to us from your city on our feet we wipe off against you! But know this, that the kingdom of God has come near Luke is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting what he wants his disciples to say. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation (continuing from the end of the previous verse): “that you are going to wipe even the dust from their city off your feet as a warning to them, but that you still want them to know that the kingdom of God came close to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 10 11 bc9h translate-symaction καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν εἰς τοὺς πόδας ἀπομασσόμεθα ὑμῖν 1 Even the dust that clings to us from your city on our feet we wipe off against you This is a symbolic action by which these disciples are to show that they do not want to have the slightest connection with the people of any city who reject Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain its significance. Alternate translation: “Because you have rejected Jesus, we want to have nothing to do with you. We do not even want to have the dust from your town on our feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 10 11 l634 figs-youdual ἀπομασσόμεθα 1 we wipe off Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, two people would be saying this. So languages that have a dual form of “we” should use that form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
LUK 10 11 s7ks figs-idiom πλὴν τοῦτο γινώσκετε 1 But know this The phrase introduces a warning. Alternate translation: “But we must warn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 11 fdk3 figs-abstractnouns ἤγγικεν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God has come near See how you translated the similar sentence in [10:9](../10/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 10 12 hhl1 λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι 1 I say to you that Jesus says this to emphasize that what he is about to tell these disciples is very important. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 10 12 l568 figs-idiom τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ 1 on that day Jesus is using the term **day** to refer figuratively to a specific time. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 12 m7ch figs-explicit τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ 1 on that day Jesus expected his disciples to understand that he was referring to the time when God will bring final judgment. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 12 qg62 figs-metonymy Σοδόμοις…ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται, ἢ τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ 1 it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that city Jesus uses the name of the city, **Sodom**, to refer figuratively to the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 12 l569 figs-explicit Σοδόμοις…ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται, ἢ τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ 1 it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that city Jesus assumes that these disciples will know that God destroyed the city of Sodom because the people in it were so wicked. The implication is that it must therefore be an extremely serious offense to reject the messengers of the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: “God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom, even though he destroyed their city because they were so wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 13 sf42 figs-apostrophe οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! 1 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! Jesus is speaking figuratively to two cities that he knows cannot hear him. He is doing this to show the people who can hear him, the disciples whom he is sending out, how he feels about those cities in a very strong way. If your readers might not understand this kind of figurative speech, you could translate Jesus’ words as if he were speaking directly to his disciples. Alternate translation: “Chorazin and Bethsaida are two of the cities whose people God will judge severely for rejecting my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LUK 10 13 l570 figs-idiom οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! 1 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! See how you translated this phrase in [6:24](../06/24.md). Alternate translation: “how terrible it will be for you, Chorazin and Bethsaida!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 13 l571 figs-metonymy οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! 1 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! Jesus is using the names of these cities to refer figuratively to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “how terrible it will be for you people of Chorazin and Bethsaida!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 13 l572 figs-you οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! 1 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! Jesus is addressing an individual city in each of these phrases, so **you** is singular in both cases. However, if you decide to translate this as “you people of Chorazin and Bethsaida,” then **you** would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 10 13 l573 translate-names Χοραζείν…Βηθσαϊδά! 1 Chorazin…Bethsaida These are the names of two cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 10 13 mvq5 figs-hypo ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις, αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν…μετενόησαν 1 For if the mighty works that happened in you had happened in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago Jesus is describing a situation that might have happened in the past but actually did not. He is doing this to express disappointment and regret about what is happening in the present. Be sure to translate this in such a way that your readers will know that this event actually did not happen but they will understand why Jesus is imagining it. Alternate translation: “I can well imagine that if the people of Tyre and Sidon had witnessed the miracles that I performed for you, they would have repented a long time ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 10 13 l574 figs-explicit ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις, αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν…μετενόησαν 1 For if the mighty works that happened in you had happened in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago Jesus assumes that these disciples will know that God destroyed the cities of Tyre and Sidon because the people in them were so wicked. So the implication is similar to the one about the people of Sodom. Alternate translation: “God destroyed the cities of Tyre and Sidon because they were so wicked. But even the people who lived in those cities would have repented if they had seen the miracles I did in Chorazin and Bethsaida. So the people of Chorazin and Bethsaida certainly should have repented as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 13 l575 figs-metonymy Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι 1 Tyre and Sidon Jesus uses the names of these cities to refer figuratively to the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 13 l576 translate-names Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι 1 Tyre and Sidon These are the names of two cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 10 13 l577 figs-youdual αἱ δυνάμεις, αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν 1 the mighty works that happened in you Since Jesus is addressing two cities, **you** would be dual here if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
LUK 10 13 it4x translate-symaction ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ καθήμενοι μετενόησαν 1 they would have repented…sitting in sackcloth and ashes Jesus is saying that the people of Tyre and Sidon would have performed these actions, which are signs of humility and sorrow, to show that they were very sorry for committing their sins. Alternate translation: “they would have shown how sorry they were for their sins…by sitting on the ground wearing rough clothes and putting ashes on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 10 14 l578 figs-metonymy Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι, ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται…ἢ ὑμῖν 1 it will be more tolerable for Tyre and for Sidon…than for you Jesus uses the name of these cities, **Tyre** and **Sidon**, to refer figuratively to the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “God will judge you people of Chorazin and Bethsaida more severely than he will judge the people who lived in Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 14 ikt3 figs-explicit Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι, ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται…ἢ ὑμῖν 1 it will be more tolerable for Tyre and for Sidon…than for you Jesus assumes that these disciples will know that God destroyed the cities of Tyre and Sidon because the people in them were so wicked. The implication, as in the case of Sodom, is that it must therefore be an extremely grave offense to reject the messengers of the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: “God will judge you people of Chorazin and Bethsaida more severely than he will judge the people who lived in Tyre and Sidon, even though he destroyed their cities because they were so wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 14 l579 figs-explicit Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι, ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται…ἢ ὑμῖν 1 it will be more tolerable for Tyre and for Sidon…than for you It may be helpful to state clearly the reason why God will judge Chorazin and Bethsaida. Alternate translation: “Because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles, God will judge you people of Chorazin and Bethsaida more severely than he will judge the people who lived in Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 14 txw5 figs-explicit ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 at the judgment The disciples would have understood that Jesus was referring to the time when God will bring final judgment. Alternate translation: “at the time when God judges everyone for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 14 l580 figs-youdual ὑμῖν 1 you Since Jesus is addressing two cities, **you** would be dual here if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural. Alternate translation: “you people of Chorazin and Bethsaida” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
LUK 10 15 h28u figs-apostrophe σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? 1 you, Capernaum, you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? Jesus is speaking figuratively to another city that he knows cannot hear him. He is doing this once again to show the people who can hear him, the disciples whom he is sending out, how he feels about this city in a very strong way. If your readers might not understand this kind of figurative speech, you could translate Jesus’ words as if he were speaking directly to his disciples. Alternate translation: “The people of Capernaum are wrong to think that God is going to honor them greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LUK 10 15 l581 figs-doublenegatives σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? 1 you, Capernaum, you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? In Greek, the first word of the question that Jesus asks Capernaum is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding, “will you?” Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “you people of Capernaum, do you really think that God is going to honor you greatly?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 10 15 enp6 figs-rquestion σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? 1 you, Capernaum, you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? Jesus is using the question form to teach. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “you people of Capernaum are wrong to think that God is going to honor you greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 10 15 gk9v figs-metaphor σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? 1 you, Capernaum, you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? To be **exalted** or “lifted up” is a spatial metaphor that figuratively indicates receiving honor. To be lifted all the way up **to heaven** (or “to the sky,” another possible meaning) figuratively means to receive very great honor. Alternate translation: “you people of Capernaum are wrong to think that God is going to honor you greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 15 l582 figs-metonymy σύ, Καφαρναούμ 1 you, Capernaum Jesus uses the name of this city to refer figuratively to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “you people of Capernaum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 15 l583 figs-you σύ, Καφαρναούμ 1 you, Capernaum Jesus is addressing an individual city, so **you** is singular here and in the rest of this verse. However, if you decide to translate this as “you people of Capernaum,” then **you** would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 10 15 l584 translate-names Καφαρναούμ 1 Capernaum This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 10 15 l585 figs-activepassive ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ 1 you will…be exalted to heaven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “God is going to honor you greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 15 l586 figs-explicit ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ 1 you will…be exalted to heaven If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the reason why the people of Capernaum think that God would want to honor them. Alternate translation: “God is going to honor you greatly because you are such good people and your city is so prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 15 l587 figs-metaphor τοῦ ᾍδου καταβήσῃ 1 You will be brought down as far as Hades To be **brought down** is another spatial metaphor. It figuratively indicates experiencing punishment and dishonor. To be brought down all the way to Hades, the underworld (that is, the abode of the dead), figuratively means to receive very great punishment or dishonor. Alternate translation: “God is going to punish you severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 15 bjh5 figs-activepassive τοῦ ᾍδου καταβήσῃ 1 You will be brought down as far as Hades If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “God is going to punish you severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 15 l588 figs-explicit τοῦ ᾍδου καταβήσῃ 1 You will be brought down as far as Hades It may be helpful to state clearly the reason why God will judge Capernaum. Alternate translation: “God is going to punish you severely because you did not repent and believe in me, even though you saw me do miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 16 i786 figs-metaphor ὁ ἀκούων ὑμῶν, ἐμοῦ ἀκούει 1 The one who listens to you listens to me You could translate this metaphor as a simile. Alternate translation: “When someone listens to you, it is as if they were listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 16 q56b figs-metaphor ὁ ἀθετῶν ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ ἀθετεῖ 1 the one who rejects you rejects me You could also translate this metaphor as a simile. Alternate translation: “when someone rejects you, it is as if they were rejecting me” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 16 g3fx figs-simile ὁ…ἐμὲ ἀθετῶν, ἀθετεῖ τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με 1 the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me You could also translate this metaphor as a simile. Alternate translation: “when someone rejects me, it is as if they were rejecting the one who sent me” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 10 16 eus8 figs-explicit τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με 1 the one who sent me This refers implictly to God, who appointed Jesus for this special task. Alternate translation: “God who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 17 m7nh figs-explicit ὑπέστρεψαν δὲ οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα δύο 1 then the 72 returned Some languages will need to say that the 72 actually went out first, as UST does. Alternate translation: “So the 72 disciples went out and did as Jesus had told them to do, and then they returned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 17 prj8 translate-textvariants ἑβδομήκοντα δύο 1 72 As in [10:1](../10/01.md), see the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to say **72** or “70” in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 10 17 l589 figs-activepassive τὰ δαιμόνια ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν 1 the demons are subjected to us If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the demons obey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 17 cx7b figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου 1 in your name The term **name** refers figuratively to Jesus’ power and authority. Alternate translation: “when we command them using the authority that you gave us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 18 a37w figs-simile ἐθεώρουν τὸν Σατανᾶν ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 I was watching Satan fall from heaven like lightning Jesus uses a simile to express that while his 72 disciples were out proclaiming the kingdom of God, he discerned that this was a quick and decisive defeat for Satan. If your readers would be familiar with lightning, you could use the same simile in your translation. Otherwise, you could use another comparison to something that happens rapidly and evidently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 10 18 v8fl figs-metaphor ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 fall from heaven While Jesus actually did see this in his vision, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the meaning of this image, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 18 l590 translate-names Σατανᾶν 1 Satan This is the name of the devil. It occurs a few more times in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 10 19 l591 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Jesus uses this term to focus his disciples’ attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 19 xl7q figs-metaphor τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων 1 authority to tread on snakes and scorpions This could mean one of two things. (1) Jesus could be referring to actual **snakes and scorpions** and saying that God will protect his disciples from these dangers everywhere they travel to proclaim the kingdom. Alternate translation: “protection from snakes and scorpions, even if you step on them” (2) The phrase **snakes and scorpions** could be a figurative way of describing evil spirits. Alternate translation: “the power to defeat evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 19 l592 translate-unknown ὄφεων 1 snakes In context, this clearly means poisonous **snakes**. If your readers would not be familiar with **snakes**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “poisonous biting animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 10 19 mla6 translate-unknown σκορπίων 1 scorpions The term **scorpions** describes small animals that are related to spiders. They have two claws and a poisonous stinger in their tail. If your readers would not be familiar with **scorpions**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “poisonous stinging animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 10 19 uvt4 figs-explicit καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ 1 and over all the power of the enemy This phrase continues the meaning from earlier in the sentence. The **enemy** is Satan, as described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I have also given you authority to overcome the resistance of Satan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 19 l593 figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲν ὑμᾶς οὐ μὴ ἀδικήσῃ 1 nothing will harm you at all Jesus uses a double negative for emphasis here, “nothing in no way will hurt you.” The second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning, “something in some way might hurt you.” If your language uses double negatives for emphasis that do not cancel one another, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 10 20 cs52 figs-hyperbole ἐν τούτῳ μὴ χαίρετε, ὅτι τὰ πνεύματα ὑμῖν ὑποτάσσεται, χαίρετε δὲ ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subjected to you, but rejoice that your names are written in the heavens Jesus is not actually telling the disciples not to rejoice over the way God has allowed them to deliver people who were oppressed by demons. Rather, he is exaggerating to emphasize that the disciples should rejoice even more that their names are written in heaven. Alternate translation: “rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 10 20 l594 figs-activepassive τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται 1 the spirits are subjected to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the demons must obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 20 s4cj figs-activepassive τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 your names are written in the heavens If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God has written down your names in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 20 l595 figs-explicit τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 your names are written in the heavens While it may be literally true that there is a written record of names in heaven, you may wish to express the meaning and significance of this in your translation. Alternate translation: “God in heaven knows that you belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 21 l596 figs-idiom ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 At that hour Luke uses the term **hour** figuratively here to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “At that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 21 l597 figs-youformal Ἐξομολογοῦμαί σοι, πάτερ 1 I thank you, Father Use your best judgment about whether the formal or informal form of **you** would be more natural in your language here. Jesus is speaking as an adult son would to a father with whom he had a close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]])
LUK 10 21 mf9d guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 10 21 rs3w figs-merism Κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς 1 Lord of heaven and earth Jesus is using a figure of speech to describe something by naming its two components. Together, **heaven** and **earth** represent everything that exists. Alternate translation: “you who rule over everything that exists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 10 21 n6xb figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 these things Jesus is likely using this expression to refer to his identity as God’s Son, and God’s identity as his Father. He describes these things in the next verse and says that only people to whom he reveals these identities can understand them, just as he says here that they are revealed only to certain people. Since the expression is explained in the next verse, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
LUK 10 21 l598 figs-nominaladj σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν 1 the wise and intelligent Jesus is using the adjectives **wise** and **intelligent** as nouns to refer to people who have those qualities. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “people who are wise and intelligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 10 21 i2zf figs-irony σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν 1 the wise and intelligent Because God had concealed the truth from these people, they actually were not wise and intelligent, even though they thought they were. Alternate translation: “people who think they are wise and intelligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 10 21 l599 figs-doublet σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν 1 the wise and intelligent The terms **wise** and **intelligent** mean similar things. Jesus uses the two terms together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who think they understand everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 10 21 a175 figs-metaphor νηπίοις 1 infants This term refers figuratively to people who may not have much education, but who are willing to accept Jesus’ teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. You could explain the meaning of this metaphor in your translation, or you could transalte it as a simile, as UST does. Alternate translation: “people who trust my teachings implicitly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 21 nm6t figs-metaphor ἔμπροσθέν σου 1 before you Jesus says **before you** to mean “where you could see” or “in your sight.” Sight, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 22 e47e figs-activepassive πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 All things have been handed over to me from my Father This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My Father has handed everything over to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 22 l600 grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατήρ 1 no one knows who the Son is except the Father If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus is making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only the Father knows who the Son is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 10 22 six4 γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς 1 knows who the Son is The Greek word translated **knows** here means to know from personal experience. God the Father knows Jesus in this way. Alternate translation: “is acquainted with the Son” or “is acquainted with me”
LUK 10 22 xm3s figs-123person γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς 1 knows who the Son is Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “knows who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 10 22 fp68 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς…ὁ Πατήρ 1 the Son…the Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 10 22 rkt2 grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδεὶς γινώσκει…τίς ἐστιν ὁ Πατὴρ, εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱὸς 1 no one knows…who the Father is except the Son If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus is making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only the Son knows who the Father is” or “only I know who the Father is” or “only I am acquainted with the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 10 22 zg14 γινώσκει…τίς ἐστιν ὁ Πατὴρ 1 knows…who the Father is The Greek word translated **knows** here means to know from personal experience. Jesus knows God his Father in this way. Alternate translation: “is acquainted with the Father” or “am acquainted with the Father”
LUK 10 22 evw3 ᾧ ἐὰν βούληται ὁ Υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψαι 1 to whomever the Son desires to reveal him Alternate translation: “whoever the Son wants to introduce the Father to” or (if you translated in the first person) “whoever I want to introduce the Father to”
LUK 10 23 yd5s figs-explicit καὶ στραφεὶς πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς κατ’ ἰδίαν εἶπεν 1 And having turned around to the disciples, he said privately The implication is that a crowd was present when the 72 disciples returned to report to Jesus what they had done, and that this crowd heard what Jesus told them and what he prayed to God. But now Jesus is speaking only to the disciples in a way that the crowd will not be able to hear him. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus said, in the direction of his disciples so that only they could hear him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 23 l601 figs-synecdoche μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ οἱ βλέποντες ἃ βλέπετε 1 Blessed are the eyes that see what you see Jesus is using the term **eyes** to describe these disciples by reference to one part of them, the part they are using to witness the great works that reveal who he is. Alternate translation: “How good it is for you to see what you see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 10 23 mq23 figs-explicit μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ οἱ βλέποντες ἃ βλέπετε 1 Blessed are the eyes that see what you see The phrase **what you see** probably refers to the great works of healing and miracles that Jesus is doing, which reveal who he is. Alternate translation: “How good it is for you to see the things that I am doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 24 f32w figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ εἶδαν 1 and did not see If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give the reason why the prophets and kings did not see these things. Alternate translation: “but could not see them because they lived before this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 24 q61s figs-explicit ἃ ἀκούετε 1 what you hear This probably refers to the teachings of Jesus. Alternate translation: “the things that you have heard me say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 24 mb4b figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν 1 and did not hear If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give the reason why the prophets and kings did not hear these things. Alternate translation: “but could not hear them because they lived before this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 25 l602 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 25 klh4 writing-participants νομικός τις 1 a certain lawyer Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a lawyer who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 25 l603 translate-unknown νομικός 1 lawyer See how you translated this in [7:30](../07/30.md). Alternate translation: “an expert in the Jewish law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 10 25 l604 translate-symaction stood up 1 ἀνέστη By standing up, this lawyer was indicating that he had a question to ask Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that this was the reason for his action. Alternate translation: “stood up to show that he wanted to ask a question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 10 25 c6ac ἐκπειράζων αὐτὸν 1 to test him Alternate translation: “to see how well he would answer”
LUK 10 25 l605 Διδάσκαλε 1 Teacher This was a respectful title. You can translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use.
LUK 10 25 l606 figs-verbs τί ποιήσας, ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω? 1 Doing what, will I inherit eternal life? This lawyer may be asking about a single deed that would be worthy of eternal life, because he uses a verb form that does not indicate continuing action. Alternate translation: “What one thing do I need to do so that God will give me eternal life?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]])
LUK 10 25 dh16 κληρονομήσω 1 will I inherit The lawyer is using the term **inherit** in a figurative sense to mean “come to possess” or “have.” Alternate translation: “so that God will give me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 26 nj77 figs-rquestion ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται? πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις? 1 What is written in the law? How do you read it? Jesus is using these questions to get this man to reflect on the Jewish law and apply it to his own question. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a statement that incorporates both of Jesus’ questions. Alternate translation: “Tell me what Moses wrote about that in the law and how you understand it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 10 26 l607 figs-parallelism ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται? πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις? 1 What is written in the law? How do you read it? These two phrases mean similar things. Jesus may be using repetition for emphasis and clarity. Both phrases have to do with what the law says. The first phrase views this objectively in terms of what is written there, and the second phrase views this subjectively from the perspective of a person reading it. You do not need to put both phrases in your translation if your readers might wonder why Jesus was saying basically the same thing twice. Alternate translation: “Tell me what answer a person would find to your question in the law of Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 10 26 m2nl figs-activepassive ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται? 1 What is written in the law? If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “What did Moses write in the law?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 26 a8nt figs-idiom πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις? 1 How do you read it? This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “What do you understand it to be saying?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 27 l608 figs-hendiadys ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν 1 And answering he said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that the lawyer responded to the question that Jesus asked him. Alternate translation: “The lawyer responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 10 27 l609 figs-youcrowd ἀγαπήσεις 1 you will love It may not be clear here whether to use the singular or plural form of **you** because this is a short quotation from the Scriptures and the context is not given. The word is actually singular because, even though Moses said this to the Israelites as a group, each individual person was supposed to obey this command. So in your translation, use the singular forms of **you** **your**, and **yourself** in this verse, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 10 27 hxk1 figs-declarative ἀγαπήσεις 1 you will love The Scriptures are using a statement to give a command. Alternate translation: “you must love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 10 27 fzb6 figs-merism ἐξ ὅλης καρδίας σου, ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ἰσχύϊ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου 1 with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind Moses is using a figure of speech that describes something by listing its parts. Alternate translation: “with your entire being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 10 27 l610 figs-metaphor ἐξ ὅλης καρδίας σου, ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου 1 with all your heart, and with all your soul The words **heart** and **soul** figuratively represent a person’s inner being. If you do not translate all four of the terms here with a single phrase, you can represent these two together. Alternate translation: “with all of your inner self” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 27 k1el figs-ellipsis καὶ τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 andyourneighborasyourself The lawyer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and you must also love your neighbor as much as you love yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 10 28 l611 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical τοῦτο ποίει, καὶ ζήσῃ 1 Do this, and you will live Jesus is describing a conditional situation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express it that way. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then God will give you eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 10 28 xd4n ζήσῃ 1 you will live Alternate translation: “God will give you eternal life”
LUK 10 29 xt23 ὁ δὲ θέλων δικαιῶσαι ἑαυτὸν, εἶπεν 1 But he, desiring to justify himself, said Alternate translation: “But the lawyer wanted to prove that he had done what he needed to do”
LUK 10 29 lr4m τίς ἐστίν μου πλησίον? 1 who is my neighbor? If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the reason why the lawyer asked this specific question. Alternate translation: “whom should I consider to be my neighbor and someone I need to love as I love myself?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 30 l612 figs-hendiadys ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 Then answering Jesus said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the question that the lawyer asked him. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 10 30 bh6g figs-parables ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 Then answering Jesus said Jesus answers the man’s question by telling a brief story that provides an illustration. Alternate translation: “As an answer to the man’s question, Jesus told him this story” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 10 30 e1lv writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις 1 A certain man This introduces a new character in the parable. Alternate translation: “There was a man who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 30 l614 figs-idiom κατέβαινεν ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Ἰερειχὼ 1 was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho Jesus says **going down** because this man would have had to travel from a mountain height down into a valley to go from Jerusalem to Jericho. Alternate translation: “was traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 30 v2ms figs-idiom λῃσταῖς περιέπεσεν 1 fell among robbers Be sure that it is clear in your translation that this does not mean that the man fell down accidentally. Rather, this is an idiom. Alternate translation: “some robbers attacked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 30 heb5 figs-idiom ἐκδύσαντες αὐτὸν 1 having stripped him Alternate translation: “after they had taken everything he had” or “after they had stolen of all his things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 30 l615 figs-idiom and having laid on blows 1 καὶ πληγὰς ἐπιθέντες This expression means that the robbers also beat this man. Alternate translation: “and beaten him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 30 r3gd figs-idiom ἡμιθανῆ 1 half dead This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “almost dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 31 i3sf κατὰ συνκυρίαν 1 by coincidence This expression means that this event was not anything that anyone had planned. Alternate translation: “it just so happened that”
LUK 10 31 plr2 writing-participants ἱερεύς τις 1 a certain priest This expression introduces a new character in the parable. Alternate translation: “there was a priest who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 31 l616 figs-explicit ἱερεύς τις 1 a certain priest Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that a priest is a religious leader. This detail is important to the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “there was a priest, a religious leader, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 31 gh79 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἰδὼν αὐτὸν 1 and when he saw him Since a priest is a religious leader, the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be introduced with a contrasting word to call attention to this unexpected result. Alternate translation: “but when the priest saw the injured man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 10 31 xiu7 figs-explicit ἀντιπαρῆλθεν 1 he passed by on the other side The implication is that the priest did not help the man. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he did not help him, but instead walked past him on the other side of the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 32 z3ct writing-participants καὶ Λευείτης 1 a Levite also This expression introduces a new character in the parable. Alternate translation: “there was also a Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 32 l617 figs-ellipsis καὶ Λευείτης 1 a Levite also Jesus is leaving out some words, but they can be inferred from the rest of the story. Alternate translation: “there was also a Levite who was traveling on that road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 10 32 lf3l figs-explicit καὶ Λευείτης 1 a Levite also Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that a **Levite** was someone who served in the temple. This detail is important to the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “there was also a Levite, someone who served in the temple, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 32 l618 grammar-connect-logic-contrast κατὰ τὸν τόπον, ἐλθὼν καὶ ἰδὼν ἀντιπαρῆλθεν 1 when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side Since Levites served in the temple, the audience would assume that this Levite would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be introduced with a contrasting word to call attention to this unexpected result. Alternate translation: “but when the Levite came to where the injured man was and saw him, he walked past him on the other side of the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 10 32 l619 figs-explicit ἀντιπαρῆλθεν 1 passed by on the other side The implication is that the Levite did not help the man. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he did not help the injured man, but instead walked past him on the other side of the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 33 z3ct writing-participants Σαμαρείτης δέ τις 1 But a certain Samaritan This expression introduces a new character in the parable. Alternate translation: “But there was also a Samartian who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 33 cyp5 figs-explicit Σαμαρείτης δέ τις 1 But a certain Samaritan Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that Jews and Samaritans were bitter enemies. This detail is important to the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “But there was a Samaritan, whose people were enemies of the Jews, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 33 l620 figs-explicit Σαμαρείτης δέ τις 1 But a certain Samaritan Since Jews and Samaritans were enemies, the listeners would have assumed that this Samaritan would not help an injured Jewish man. Since he did help him, Jesus introduces this character with a contrasting word that calls attention to this unexpected result. You can do the same in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 10 33 w8qm ἐσπλαγχνίσθη 1 he was moved with compassion Alternate translation: “he felt sorry for him and wanted to help him”
LUK 10 34 emq5 figs-events κατέδησεν τὰ τραύματα αὐτοῦ, ἐπιχέων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον 1 he bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine The Samaritan would have put the **oil and wine** on the **wounds** first, and then **bound up** the **wounds**. Alternate translation: “he put oil and wine on the wounds and then wrapped them with cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
LUK 10 34 um21 figs-explicit ἐπιχέων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον 1 pouring on oil and wine The **wine** was used to clean the **wounds**, and the **oil** was used to prevent infection. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “pouring oil and wine on them to help heal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 34 ktz4 translate-unknown τὸ ἴδιον κτῆνος 1 his own animal The Greek term refers to an animal that carried heavy loads. In this culture, it was probably a donkey. You could say that, but if your readers might not know what a donkey was, you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “his own pack animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 10 35 z9w5 translate-bmoney δύο δηνάρια 1 two denarii See how you translated the term **denarii** in [7:41](../07/41.md). Alternate translation: “two silver coins” or “an amount equivalent to two days’ wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 10 35 nu6t τῷ πανδοχεῖ 1 the inn-keeper Alternate translation: “the person who was in charge of the inn”
LUK 10 35 f5dz figs-hypo ὅ τι ἂν προσδαπανήσῃς, ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ ἐπανέρχεσθαί με ἀποδώσω σοι 1 whatever more you might spend, when I return, I will repay you The Samaritan is describing a hypothetical situation and saying what he would do if the condition were true. Alternate translation: “if you need to spend more than this, then I will repay you when I return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 10 36 pa6a τίς τούτων τῶν τριῶν πλησίον δοκεῖ σοι γεγονέναι, τοῦ ἐμπεσόντος εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς? 1 Which of these three do you think became a neighbor to the one who fell among the robbers? If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as two questions. Alternate translation: “What do you think? Which of these three men acted like a neighbor to the man whom the robbers attacked?”
LUK 10 36 v31w πλησίον…γεγονέναι 1 became a neighbor Alternate translation: “acted like a neighbor”
LUK 10 36 kv4z figs-idiom τοῦ ἐμπεσόντος εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς 1 the one who fell among the robbers As in [10:30](../10/30.md), be sure it is clear in your translation that this does not mean that the man fell down accidentally. Rather, this is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the man whom the robbers attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 10 37 ig9x figs-explicit πορεύου καὶ σὺ ποίει ὁμοίως 1 You go and do likewise The implication is that the lawyer has given the correct answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, and you could also indicate what **do likewise** means. Alternate translation: “You are right. In the same way, you should also be a neighbor to people who need your help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 38 kv4q writing-newevent ἐν δὲ τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτοὺς 1 And as they were traveling along Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event. Alternate translation: “The next thing that happened on their journey was that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 10 38 l621 figs-synecdoche αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν…ὑπεδέξατο αὐτόν 1 he entered…welcomed him Luke figuratively says **he** and **him**, meaning Jesus, to describe the entire group of Jesus and his disciples. Alternate translation: “they entered…welcomed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 10 38 i17j writing-participants γυνὴ δέ τις ὀνόματι Μάρθα 1 and a certain woman named Martha This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have its own way of introducing new people. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “There was a woman named Martha who lived there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 38 l622 translate-names Μάρθα 1 Martha This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 10 39 l623 writing-participants καὶ τῇδε ἦν ἀδελφὴ καλουμένη Μαριάμ 1 And she had a sister called Mary This introduces Mary as a new character. Alternate translation: “Now Martha had a sister whose name was Mary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 10 39 l624 figs-activepassive καλουμένη Μαριάμ 1 called Mary If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whose name was Mary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 39 l625 translate-names Μαριάμ 1 Mary This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 10 39 fal8 figs-explicit παρακαθεσθεῖσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 she was sitting at the feet of Jesus This was the customary and respectful position for a learner at this time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “she sat respectfully on the floor near Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 39 l626 translate-textvariants τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Jesus See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to use this reading in your translation, or another reading, “the Lord.” The note below discusses a translation issue in that reading, for those who decide to include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 10 39 l627 τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Jesus If you use the variant reading “the Lord” at this place in your translation, you may wish to indicate that this is referring to Jesus by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 10 39 i74b figs-metonymy ἤκουεν τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ 1 listening to his word Luke uses the term **word** figuratively to describe what Jesus said while he was at Martha’s house. Alternate translation: “and listened to what he said” or “and listened to him teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 40 adr5 figs-activepassive ἡ δὲ Μάρθα περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν διακονίαν 1 But Martha was distracted with much service If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “But all Martha could think about was the big meal she was preparing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 40 jd9a figs-rquestion οὐ μέλει σοι, ὅτι ἡ ἀδελφή μου μόνην με κατέλιπεν διακονεῖν? 1 are you not concerned that my sister has left me alone to serve? Martha is complaining that Jesus is allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there is so much work to do. Martha respects the Lord, so she uses a rhetorical question to make her complaint more polite. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate her words as a statement. Alternate translation: “it seems as if you do not care that my sister has left me alone to serve.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 10 41 l628 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ Κύριος 1 But answering the Lord said to her Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to Martha’s request. Alternate translation: “But the Lord replied to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 10 41 l629 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 10 41 dsw3 Μάρθα, Μάρθα 1 Martha, Martha Jesus repeats Martha’s name for emphasis. Alternate translation: “My dear Martha”
LUK 10 41 l630 figs-doublet μεριμνᾷς καὶ θορυβάζῃ περὶ πολλά 1 you are anxious and troubled about many things The terms **anxious** and **troubled** mean similar things. Jesus uses the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you are worrying too much about things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 10 41 l631 figs-activepassive θορυβάζῃ περὶ πολλά 1 you are…troubled about many things If you do not combine the term for **troubled** with the word **anxious** into a single phrase, you could say **are…troubled** with an active form. Alternate translation: “you are…letting too many things bother you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 42 hqt4 figs-hyperbole ἑνός δέ ἐστιν χρεία 1 but one thing is necessary Jesus says **one thing** as an overstatement for emphasis. Other things actually are necessary for life, but this is the most important one. Alternate translation: “but one thing is more important than all the others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 10 42 l632 figs-explicit ἑνός δέ ἐστιν χρεία 1 but one thing is necessary The implication is that this most important thing is what Jesus is teaching about God, and that Martha should have been concentrating that. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but one thing, what I am teaching about God, is more important than all the others, and you should have been concentrating on that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 42 l633 Μαριὰμ…τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα ἐξελέξατο 1 Mary has chosen the good part While Jesus spoke just earlier about “one thing” as opposed to “many things,” here he seems to contrast only two things, “the good part” with another part, perhaps not “the bad part,” but at least the part that is not to be preferred. This likely refers to the two activities that Mary and Martha have chosen to pursue while Jesus is present in their home. Alternate translation: “Mary has chosen the better activity”
LUK 10 42 nzn8 figs-activepassive ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτῆς 1 which will not be taken away from her If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “I will not take that opportunity away from her” or (2) “God will not let her lose what she has gained from listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 intro j6le 0 # Luke 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus teaches about prayer (11:1–13)<br>2. Jesus teaches about driving out demons and other subjects (11:14–36)<br>3. Jesus criticizes the Pharisees and experts in the law (11:37–54)<br><br>ULT sets the lines in 11:2-4 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a special prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Lord’s Prayer<br><br>When Jesus’ followers asked him to teach them how to pray, he taught them this prayer. He did not expect them to use the same words every time they prayed, but he did want them to know what God wanted them to pray about.<br><br>### Jonah<br><br>Jonah was an Old Testament prophet whom God sent to the Gentile city of Nineveh to tell the people there to repent. When he went and preached to them, they did repent. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, that is, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. The Bible speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, that is, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Washing<br><br>The Pharisees would wash themselves and the things they ate with. They would even wash things that were not dirty. The law of Moses did not tell them to wash those things, but they would wash them anyway. They did that because they thought that if they obeyed both the rules that God had made and some rules that their ancestors had added, God would think that they were better people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br><br>## Important textual issues in this chapter<br><br>### Bread and stone, fish and snake<br><br>In 11:11, some ancient manuscripts have a longer reading, which also is found in Matthew 7:9. It says, “Which father among you, if your son asks for a loaf of bread, will give him a stone? Or a fish, will give him a snake?” ULT uses the shorter reading, which mentions just the fish and snake. This shorter reading is well attested in many other ancient manuscripts. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow its reading. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the example of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 11 1 fl3j writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 11 1 l635 figs-explicit Ἰωάννης 1 John This disciple is referring to John the Baptist. You could say that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 2 n3pz guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father Jesus is commanding the disciples to honor the name of God the Father by addressing him as **Father** when praying to him. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 11 2 l636 figs-explicit ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου 1 let your name be made holy Jesus is not saying that God’s **name** is not already **holy** in itself. Rather, he is referring to how people consider God’s **name**. Alternate translation: “may people treat your name as holy” or “may people regard your name as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 2 l637 figs-activepassive ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου 1 let your name be made holy If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “may people treat your name as holy” or “may people regard your name as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 2 b6sr figs-metonymy ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου 1 let your name be made holy The term **name** is a figurative way of referring to an entire person by reference to something associated with them. Alternate translation: “may all people honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 2 tm1a figs-abstractnouns ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου 1 Let your kingdom come See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” As the General Introduction to Luke explains, in one sense, the **kingdom** of God is already present on earth, while in another sense, it is still a future reality. Try to translate this in a way that acknowledges both aspects. Alternate translation: “Come and rule more and more throughout the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 11 2 l638 figs-youformal σου 1 your The word **your** is singular here because Jesus is teaching his disciples how to pray to God. If your language has a formal form of “you” that it uses to address a superior respectfully, you may wish to use that form for **your** in its two instances here and for **you** in [11:4](../11/04.md). Alternatively, it might be more appropriate in your culture to address God using a familiar form, such as friends would use with one another. Use your best judgment about what form to use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]])
LUK 11 3 q89w figs-imperative δίδου ἡμῖν 1 Give us This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 11 3 l639 figs-exclusive δίδου ἡμῖν 1 Give us Jesus teaches his disciples to speak to God in the plural because he wants them to pray together in community about the matters he describes. Since the word **us** would refer to the people praying, but not to God, it would be exclusive, if your language marks that form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 11 3 s6qp figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον 1 our daily bread Jesus refers figuratively to **bread**, one common food, to mean food in general. Alternate translation: “the food we need that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 11 4 iid7 figs-imperative ἄφες ἡμῖν…μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς 1 forgive us…may you not lead us These are imperatives, but they should be translated as polite requests, rather than as commands. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” in each case to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please forgive us…please do not lead us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 11 4 wi99 figs-metaphor παντὶ ὀφείλοντι ἡμῖν 1 everyone who owes us Jesus uses the image of being in debt figuratively to describe having sinned against a person. Alternate translation: “everyone who has sinned against us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 4 db55 μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν 1 may you not lead us into temptation You could state this in a positive form. Alternate translation: “please lead us away from temptation”
LUK 11 5 l640 figs-hypo τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἕξει φίλον, καὶ πορεύσεται πρὸς αὐτὸν μεσονυκτίου 1 Which of you will have a friend, and will go to him at midnight Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach his disciples. Alternate translation: “Suppose one of you went to the house of a friend in the middle of the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 11 5 l641 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ εἴπῃ αὐτῷ, φίλε, χρῆσόν μοι τρεῖς ἄρτους 1 and say to him, ‘Friend, lend three loaves to me If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and asked his friend to let him borrow three loaves of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 11 5 y1s9 χρῆσόν μοι τρεῖς ἄρτους 1 lend three loaves to me Alternate translation: “let me borrow three loaves of bread” or “give me three loaves of bread, and I will pay you back later”
LUK 11 6 l642 figs-quotesinquotes ἐπειδὴ φίλος μου παρεγένετο ἐξ ὁδοῦ πρός με, καὶ οὐκ ἔχω ὃ παραθήσω αὐτῷ 1 since my friend has come to me from the road, and I do not have anything to serve to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation (continuing the sentence from the previous verse): “explaining that another friend has just arrived on a journey and that he does not have enough food to feed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 11 6 l643 grammar-connect-logic-result ἐπειδὴ 1 since The speaker uses this word to introduce the reason why he is making this request at this time. If you translate this as a direct quotation, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you why I am asking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 11 6 zl5w figs-metonymy παρεγένετο ἐξ ὁδοῦ πρός με 1 my friend has come to me from the road The speaker uses the term **road** figuratively to describe being on a journey. Alternate translation: “another friend of mine is on a journey and has just arrived at my house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 6 zp7j figs-hyperbole ὃ παραθήσω αὐτῷ 1 anything to serve to him It is unlikely that the speaker has no food at all in his house that he could serve his friend. Rather, this is an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “enough food to feed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 11 6 l731 figs-explicit ὃ παραθήσω αὐτῷ 1 anything to serve to him There are two other possibilities for why the speaker says this. (1) The issue could be, as UST implies, that while his family has the ingredients to make a meal, they do not want to make a weary traveler wait the time it would take for them to bake bread and prepare other food. Alternate translation: “any food prepared to feed him” (2) The implication may be that the speaker wants to extend hospitality by sharing a meal with his guest, and so he needs enough food for a family meal. Alternate translation: “enough food to share a meal with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 7 l644 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς εἴπῃ 1 answering…he may say The word **answering** indicates that what this friend **may say** would be a response. Alternate translation: “he may reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 11 7 l645 figs-quotesinquotes εἴπῃ, μή μοι κόπους πάρεχε; ἤδη ἡ θύρα κέκλεισται, καὶ τὰ παιδία μου μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὴν κοίτην εἰσίν; οὐ δύναμαι ἀναστὰς δοῦναί σοι 1 he may say, ‘Do not cause me trouble. The door has already been shut, and my children are in the bed with me. I am not able to get up to give to you’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “ he may tell you not to bother him, because he has already locked the door for the night and his children are in bed with him, so he cannot get up and give you anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 11 7 l646 figs-activepassive ἤδη ἡ θύρα κέκλεισται 1 The door has already been shut If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “We have already closed and locked the door” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 7 vhf7 figs-hyperbole οὐ δύναμαι ἀναστὰς 1 I am not able to get up The friend inside is not literally incapable of getting up. Rather, this is an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “It would be very difficult for me to get up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 11 8 zl2k figs-you λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Even though Jesus began this hypothetical situation by asking “which of you,” that is, “which one of you,” here he is addressing all of the disciples together, not the hypothetical single disciple who might go to a friend’s house at midnight. So the word **you** here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 11 8 prx6 figs-abstractnouns διά γε τὴν ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ 1 yet because of his persistence If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **persistence** with a verb such as “continue.” Alternate translation: “because you continue to ask him urgently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 11 8 l647 ἐγερθεὶς 1 he will rise up Alternate translation: “he will get out of bed”
LUK 11 9 j4ef figs-you ὑμῖν λέγω…ὑμῖν…εὑρήσετε…ὑμῖν 1 I say to you…to you…you will find…to you In the first instance in this verse, **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to the disciples. In the next three instances, even though Jesus is describing what could be an individual situation of a person praying to God, **you** is also plural because Jesus is still speaking to the disciples as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 11 9 l648 figs-explicit αἰτεῖτε…ζητεῖτε 1 ask…seek It might be customary in your language to say what a person would be asking for and seeking, and from whom. Alternate translation: “keep asking God for what you need…keep seeking what you need from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 9 i7j9 figs-activepassive δοθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 itwillbegiventoyou If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will give it to you” or “you will receive it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 9 l1f6 translate-unknown κρούετε 1 knock To **knock** at a door means to hit it a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. You could translate this expression with the way people in your culture show that they have arrived at a house, such as “call out” or “cough” or “clap.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 9 l649 figs-metaphor κρούετε 1 knock Jesus is using the expression **knock** figuratively to mean getting someone’s attention. Alternate translation: “seek God’s attention in prayer” or “let God know you are depending on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 9 kp3h figs-activepassive ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν 1 itwillbeopenedtoyou If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will open the door for you” or “God will welcome you inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 9 l650 figs-metaphor ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν 1 itwillbeopenedtoyou This phrase continues the figure of knocking on a door that Jesus is using to represent prayer. Alternate translation: “God will give you what you need” or “God will enable you to do what you are praying about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 10 l651 translate-unknown τῷ κρούοντι 1 to the one who knocks See how you translated the word “knock” in [11:9](../11/09.md). Alternate translation: “to the one who calls out” or “to the one who coughs” or “to the one who claps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 10 l652 figs-activepassive ἀνοιγήσεται 1 it will be opened If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will open the door” or “God will welcome you inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 10 l653 figs-metaphor ἀνοιγήσεται 1 itwillbeopened This phrase continues the figure of knocking on a door that Jesus is using to represent prayer. Alternate translation: “God will give you what you need” or “God will enable you to do what you are praying about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 11 l654 translate-textvariants τίνα δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν τὸν πατέρα αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς ἰχθύν, καὶ ἀντὶ ἰχθύος, ὄφιν αὐτῷ ἐπιδώσει? 1 And which father among you, his son will ask for a fish, and instead of a fish he will give him a snake? See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to use this reading or a longer one that is found in some ancient manuscripts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 11 11 l655 τίνα δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν τὸν πατέρα αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς ἰχθύν, καὶ ἀντὶ ἰχθύος, ὄφιν αὐτῷ ἐπιδώσει 1 And which father among you, his son will ask for a fish, and instead of a fish he will give him a snake Alternate translation: “Which of you fathers, if his son asked for a fish, would give him a snake instead of a fish”
LUK 11 11 q63d figs-rquestion τίνα δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν τὸν πατέρα αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς ἰχθύν, καὶ ἀντὶ ἰχθύος, ὄφιν αὐτῷ ἐπιδώσει? 1 And which father among you, his son will ask for a fish, and instead of a fish he will give him a snake? Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “None of you fathers would give your son a snake if he asked for a fish!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 11 11 l656 figs-hypo τίνα δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν τὸν πατέρα αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς ἰχθύν, καὶ ἀντὶ ἰχθύος, ὄφιν αὐτῷ ἐπιδώσει? 1 And which father among you, his son will ask for a fish, and instead of a fish he will give him a snake? Jesus is also using a hypothetical situation to teach, and you could translate his words that way. Alternate translation: “Suppose one of you had a son who asked for a fish to eat. None of you fathers would give him a snake instead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 11 12 l657 figs-ellipsis ἢ καὶ αἰτήσει ᾠόν, ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ σκορπίον 1 Or also he will ask for an egg, he will give him a scorpion Jesus is speaking in an abbreviated way. Alternate translation: “Or if a son asked for an egg, would his father give him a scorpion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 11 12 r52w figs-rquestion ἢ καὶ αἰτήσει ᾠόν, ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ σκορπίον? 1 Or also he will ask for an egg, he will give him a scorpion? Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “And no father would give his son a scorpion if he asked for an egg!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 11 12 l658 figs-hypo ἢ καὶ αἰτήσει ᾠόν, ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ σκορπίον? 1 Or also he will ask for an egg, he will give him a scorpion? Jesus is also using a hypothetical situation to teach. You could translate his words that way. Alternate translation: “Or suppose a son asked for an egg to eat. His father would not give him a scorpion instead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 11 12 e8hr translate-unknown σκορπίον 1 scorpion A **scorpion** is a small animal related to the spider. It has two claws and a poisonous stinger in its tail. If your readers would not be familiar with scorpions, you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a poisonous stinging animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 13 g99r grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ…ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὑπάρχοντες, οἴδατε 1 if you who are evil know Jesus is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “since you who are evil know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
LUK 11 13 aww7 figs-rquestion πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, δώσει Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν? 1 how much more will the Father who is from heaven give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him? Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “your Heavenly Father will even more certainly give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 11 14 uyu1 grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to begin relating a new event by introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 11 14 afa8 figs-explicit ἦν ἐκβάλλων δαιμόνιον κωφόν 1 he was driving out a mute demon The **demon** itself was not unable to speak. Rather, it was preventing the man whom it was controlling from speaking. Alternate translation: “Jesus was driving out a demon that was causing a man to be unable to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 14 l6cg writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to mark where the action begins that this episode centers around. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 11 14 p72b figs-ellipsis τοῦ δαιμονίου ἐξελθόντος 1 when the demon had gone out Luke is relating this episode briefly, and he does not say from whom the demon **had gone out**. You language may require you to say that. Alternate translation: “when the demon had gone out of the man” or “once the demon had left the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 11 14 tnq3 ἐλάλησεν ὁ κωφός 1 the mute man spoke Alternate translation: “the man who had been unable to speak then spoke”
LUK 11 15 y6zi figs-metonymy ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ 1 By Beelzebul These people are using the name of this chief demon figuratively to refer by association to his power, which they are accusing Jesus of using. Alternate translation: “By the power of Beelzebul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 15 l659 translate-names Βεελζεβοὺλ 1 Beelzebul **Beelzebul** is the name of the supposed ruler of the demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 16 r519 writing-pronouns ἕτεροι δὲ πειράζοντες 1 others tested him The word **him** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “other people challenged Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 11 16 l660 figs-metonymy σημεῖον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐζήτουν παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 seeking from him a sign from heaven Luke uses the term **heaven** to refer to God figuratively by association, since heaven is the abode of God. Alternate translation: “demanding that he ask God to do a miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 16 x9fw figs-explicit σημεῖον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐζήτουν παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 seeking from him a sign from heaven The implication is that the people who were challenging Jesus wanted him to ask God for a miracle to prove that his authority came from God. Alternate translation: “by demanding that he ask God to do a miracle to show that God had given him his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 17 l661 figs-activepassive πᾶσα βασιλεία ἐφ’ ἑαυτὴν διαμερισθεῖσα ἐρημοῦται 1 Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active verbs to express the ideas behind the two passive verb forms **divided** and **is made desolate**. Alternate translation: “If the people of a kingdom fight among themselves, they will destroy their own kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 17 e36g figs-metonymy βασιλεία 1 kingdom Jesus uses the term **kingdom** to refer figuratively to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “the people of a kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 17 l662 figs-ellipsis οἶκος ἐπὶ οἶκον πίπτει 1 house against house falls Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. The sense of **divided** can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “any house that is divided against itself will collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 11 17 rc4h figs-metonymy οἶκος ἐπὶ οἶκον πίπτει 1 house against house falls The term **house** refers figuratively to the people of a family who live in the same **house**. Alternate translation: “if family members fight against each other, they will ruin their family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 17 ze6p figs-metaphor πίπτει 1 falls This image of a house collapsing figuratively depicts the destruction of a family when the members fight against each other. Alternate translation: “they will ruin their family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 18 jd5t figs-rquestion εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη, πῶς σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ? 1 But if Satan is also divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “But if Satan is divided against himself, then his kingdom cannot last.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 11 18 l663 grammar-connect-condition-contrary εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη, πῶς σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ? 1 But if Satan is also divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? Jesus is also using a conditional statement to teach. Specifically, he is suggesting a condition that is not true in order to show by the results of the condition that it is certainly not true. Alternate translation: “Suppose Satan and all the other members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves. In that case, his kingdom cannot last.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])
LUK 11 18 i74u figs-synecdoche εἰ…ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη 1 if Satan is…divided against himself Jesus uses the person of **Satan** here to refer figuratively to all of the demons who follow Satan, as well as to Satan himself. Alternate translation: “if Satan and all of his demons are…fighting among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 11 18 l664 figs-activepassive εἰ…ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη 1 if Satan is…divided against himself If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “if Satan and all of his demons are…fighting among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 18 l665 figs-metaphor πῶς σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ? 1 how will his kingdom stand? Jesus asks figuratively how a **kingdom** could **stand** as if it were a building or a person. Alternate translation: “how can his kingdom last?” or “then his kingdom cannot last.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 18 vnt9 figs-explicit ὅτι λέγετε, ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλειν με τὰ δαιμόνια 1 For you say I drive out the demons by Beelzebul The implication is that if Jesus is doing this, then Satan’s kingdom is divided against itself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may also e helpful to say who people considered Beelzebul to be. Alternate translation: “You are saying that I make demons leave people by using the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of the demons. That would mean that Satan is divided against himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 18 l666 translate-names Βεελζεβοὺλ 1 Beelzebul See how you translated the name **Beelzebul** in [11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 19 i48v figs-rquestion εἰ δὲ ἐγὼ ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν? 1 But if I drive out the demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “If I am making demons leave people by using the power of Beelzebul, then your followers must be using that same power.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 11 19 l667 grammar-connect-condition-contrary εἰ δὲ ἐγὼ ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν? 1 But if I drive out the demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? Jesus is also using a conditional statement to teach. Specifically, he is suggesting a condition that is not true in order to show by the results of the condition that it is certainly not true. Alternate translation: “Suppose I am making demons leave people by using the power of Beelzebul. In that case, your followers must be using that same power themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])
LUK 11 19 l668 figs-explicit εἰ δὲ ἐγὼ ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν? 1 But if I drive out the demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons drive them out? The implication is that the people challenging Jesus would not say that their own followers were using the power of Beelzebul, and so they should agree that he is not using that power himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “If I am making demons leave people by using the power of Beelzebul, then your followers must be using that same power. But you do not believe that is true about them. So it must not be true about me, either” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 19 l669 translate-names Βεελζεβοὺλ 1 Beelzebul See how you translated the name **Beelzebul** in [11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 19 l670 figs-metaphor οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν 1 your sons Jesus uses the word **sons** here figuratively to mean “followers.” Alternate translation: “your followers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 19 bs8x figs-explicit αὐτοὶ ὑμῶν κριταὶ ἔσονται 1 they will be your judges If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the implications of this statement more explicitly. Alternate translation: “your own followers will say that you are wrong for claiming that I make demons leave people by using the power of Beelzebul, because they know that they are not using that power themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 20 l671 grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ…ἐν δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ, ἐγὼ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 if I drive out the demons by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come to you Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is not certain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “So I must be making demons leave people by the power of God. This shows that the kingdom of God has come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
LUK 11 20 y643 figs-metonymy ἐν δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ 1 the finger of God This phrase refers figuratively to God’s power. Alternate translation: “the power of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 20 ja3u figs-abstractnouns ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God has come to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” This could mean one of two things. (1) The kingdom of God has arrived in this place, that is, its activities are happening here. Alternate translation: “God is ruling in this area” (2) The kingdom of God has arrived in time, that is, it already beginning. Alternate translation: “God is beginning to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 11 21 e4d1 figs-parables ὅταν ὁ ἰσχυρὸς καθωπλισμένος 1 When the strong man who is fully armed To help the people in the crowd understand what he has been teaching, Jesus tells a brief story that provides an illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told the crowd this story to help them understand. ‘When a strong man who has all his weapons’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 11 21 l672 figs-activepassive ὁ ἰσχυρὸς καθωπλισμένος 1 the strong man who is fully armed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “a strong man who has all his weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 21 l673 figs-synecdoche φυλάσσῃ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ αὐλήν 1 is guarding his own courtyard Jesus speaks of one part of a house, its **courtyard** or entrance area, to refer figuratively to the entire house. Alternate translation: “is guarding his own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 11 21 pb5v figs-idiom ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἐστὶν τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ 1 his possessions are at peace This expression means that no one will disturb the man’s **possessions**, that is, they are safe from being stolen. Alternate translation: “no one can steal his possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 11 22 g1hx figs-nominaladj ἰσχυρότερος αὐτοῦ 1 a stronger than he Jesus is using the adjective **stronger** as a noun, to describe a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “someone who is stronger than he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 11 22 zv57 figs-metaphor τὰ σκῦλα αὐτοῦ διαδίδωσιν 1 divide his spoils Jesus speaks figuratively of the first man’s possessions as if they were the **spoils** of war. He also says figuratively that the stronger man will **divide** these possessions, as if he were a soldier who needed to share them with other soldiers. Alternate translation: “take away his possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 22 l674 figs-explicit τὰ σκῦλα αὐτοῦ διαδίδωσιν 1 divide his spoils The implication of this parable is that Jesus must be stronger than Satan, because he has been overpowering him and rescuing the people whom Satan formerly controlled. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “take away his possessions. So I must be stronger than Satan and overpowering Satan, because I am taking away the people he formerly controlled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 23 yw6h ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ, κατ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν; καὶ ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ, σκορπίζει 1 The one who is not with me is against me, and the one who does not gather with me scatters Jesus is not referring to a specific individual. Rather, he is making a general statement that applies to any person or group of people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is not with me is against me, and anyone who does not gather with me scatters” or “Those who are not with me are against me, and those who do not gather with me scatter”
LUK 11 23 h3kb ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ 1 The one who is not with me Alternate translation: “Anyone who is not working with me”
LUK 11 23 t7zn κατ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν 1 is against me Alternate translation: “is working against me”
LUK 11 23 wa13 figs-explicit ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ, σκορπίζει 1 the one who does not gather with me scatters Jesus is referring implicitly to the work of gathering disciples to follow him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “anyone who is not working to help people come and follow me is keeping them away from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 24 l675 figs-hypo ὅταν τὸ ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα ἐξέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, διέρχεται δι’ ἀνύδρων τόπων ζητοῦν ἀνάπαυσιν 1 When the unclean spirit has gone out from the man, it passes through waterless places seeking rest Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose a demon goes out of a person. And suppose it then wanders through the desert looking for another place to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 11 24 l676 figs-idiom τὸ ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα 1 the unclean spirit This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a demon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 11 24 l677 figs-gendernotations τοῦ ἀνθρώπου 1 the man Jesus is using the term **man** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 24 fpj5 figs-metonymy ἀνύδρων τόπων 1 waterless places Jesus is describing to the desert figuratively by reference to the lack of water there. Alternate translation: “the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 24 l678 figs-idiom ζητοῦν ἀνάπαυσιν 1 seeking rest This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “looking for another place to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 11 24 yvp4 figs-hypo καὶ μὴ εὑρίσκον, λέγει, ὑποστρέψω εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου, ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον 1 and not finding any, it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came’ Jesus continues to use a hypothetical situation to teach. If you show that directly in your translation, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “And suppose the demon does not find another place to live. Then it would say, ‘I will return to my house from which I came’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 11 24 l679 figs-quotesinquotes λέγει, ὑποστρέψω εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου, ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον 1 it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came’ Luke is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting the unclean spirit. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “it says that it will return to the house from which it came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 11 24 s89t figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκόν μου, ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον 1 my house from which I came The demon is referring figuratively to the person it formerly controlled as its **house**. Alternate translation: “the person I used to control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 25 b4u3 figs-activepassive εὑρίσκει σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον 1 it finds it swept out and put in order If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “it finds that someone has swept the house and put it in order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 25 l680 figs-exmetaphor εὑρίσκει σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον 1 it finds it swept out and put in order Jesus speaks about the person whom the demon left by continuing the metaphor of a house. You could express this metaphor as a simile if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the demon finds that the person it left is like a house that someone has swept clean and organized by putting everything where it belongs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 11 25 l681 figs-explicit εὑρίσκει σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον 1 it finds it swept out and put in order The implication is that the house is still empty. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the demon finds that the person it left is like a house that someone has swept clean and organized by putting everything where it belongs, but which is still empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 26 wqq4 figs-nominaladj γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου, χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 the last things of that man become worse than the first things The adjectives **last** and **first** function here as nouns. They are plural, and ULT supplies the noun **things** in each case to show that. If your language does not use adjectives in this way, you could supply a more specific singular noun. Alternate translation: “the final condition of that person is worse than his original condition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 11 26 l682 figs-gendernotations τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου 1 that man Jesus is using the term **man** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 27 m86m writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 11 27 pk7m figs-idiom ἐπάρασά…φωνὴν…εἶπεν 1 lifting up her voice, said The idiom **lifting up her voice** means that the woman spoke loudly. Alternate translation: “said in a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 11 27 l683 figs-hendiadys ἐπάρασά…φωνὴν…εἶπεν 1 lifting up her voice, said **Lifting up her voice** tells how the woman **said** what she did. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these two terms. Alternate translation: “shouted out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 11 27 vjt7 figs-synecdoche μακαρία ἡ κοιλία ἡ βαστάσασά σε, καὶ μαστοὶ οὓς ἐθήλασας 1 Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts at which you nursed The woman who is shouting out to Jesus is using some of a woman’s body to refer to the whole woman. Alternate translation: “How good it is for the woman who gave birth to you and nursed you” or “How happy the woman must be who gave birth to you and nursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 11 27 l684 μακαρία ἡ κοιλία ἡ βαστάσασά σε, καὶ μαστοὶ οὓς ἐθήλασας 1 Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts at which you nursed While this woman is speaking about the mother of Jesus, she is actually pronouncing a blessing on him. Alternate translation: “I bless you, because this world is a better place because your mother brought you into it”
LUK 11 28 c7e8 μενοῦν, μακάριοι 1 Rather, blessed are Jesus is not saying that his mother is not blessed. He is saying that the people he is about to describe are even more blessed. Alternate translation: “It is even better for”
LUK 11 28 l685 οἱ ἀκούοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ φυλάσσοντες 1 the ones who hear the word of God and keep it Alternate translation: “those who listen carefully to the message God has spoken and obey it”
LUK 11 28 c3f2 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God Jesus uses the term **word** figuratively to describe the message that has come from God in the form of words. Alternate translation: “the message God has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 29 cf2t figs-explicit τῶν δὲ ὄχλων ἐπαθροιζομένων 1 as the crowds were increasing If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say what these **crowds** were. Alternate translation: “as the crowds around Jesus were growing larger” or “as more people kept joining the crowds around Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 29 kt6k figs-metonymy ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη γενεὰ πονηρά ἐστιν 1 This generation is an evil generation Jesus uses the term **generation** figuratively to mean the people who were born in the current generation. Alternate translation: “The people living at this time are evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 29 q19q figs-explicit σημεῖον ζητεῖ 1 It seeks a sign If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the purpose of the **sign** that the people were seeking. Alternate translation: “They want me to perform a miracle to prove that I have come from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 29 l686 grammar-connect-exceptions σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 a sign will not be given to it except the sign of Jonah If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “God will only give it the sign of Jonah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 11 29 s29w figs-activepassive σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ 1 a sign will not be given to it If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “God will not give it a sign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 29 ft6z τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 the sign of Jonah Alternate translation: “a miracle like the one that God did for Jonah”
LUK 11 30 vj9m figs-explicit καθὼς…ἐγένετο Ἰωνᾶς τοῖς Νινευείταις σημεῖον, οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ 1 as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so also will the Son of Man be to this generation If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly in what way Jesus will be a sign to this generation the way Jonah was a sign to the Ninevites. Alternate translation: “God did a miracle to show the people who lived long ago in the city of Nineveh that Jonah was his prophet. He brought Jonah out alive after he had been inside the great fish for three days. In the same way, God will do a miracle to show the people living at this time that I have come from him. He will bring me out alive after I have been in the grave for three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 30 l687 translate-names τοῖς Νινευείταις 1 the Ninevites This term describes the people who lived in the ancient city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 30 il7p figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 11 30 l732 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 30 ax7q figs-metonymy τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ 1 to this generation Jesus uses the term **generation** figuratively to mean the people who were born in the current generation. Alternate translation: “to the people living at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 31 t1mw translate-names βασίλισσα νότου 1 The Queen of the South This means the Queen of Sheba. Sheba was a kingdom south of Israel. Alternate translation: “The Queen of Sheba” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 31 bx3c translate-symaction ἐγερθήσεται…μετὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 will stand up…with the men of this generation In this culture, a person would **stand up** to give testimony in a legal proceeding. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that this will be the reason for her action. Alternate translation: “will stand up…to give testimony before God against the people who lived at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 11 31 l688 ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 in the judgment Alternate translation: “at the time when God judges people”
LUK 11 31 l689 figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 the men of this generation Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 31 rnq9 figs-idiom ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς 1 she came from the ends of the earth This is an idiom that means she came from very far away. Alternate translation: “she traveled a great distance” or “she came from a faraway place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 11 31 l690 figs-abstractnouns τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος 1 the wisdom of Solomon If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **wisdom** with an adjective such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the wise things that Solomon said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 11 31 l691 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get the crowd to focus its attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “now listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 31 l692 figs-nominaladj πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε 1 greater than Solomon is here Jesus is using the adjective **greater** as a noun, to describe a kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the word with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “someone who is greater than Solomon is here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 11 31 cwa7 figs-123person πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε 1 greater than Solomon is here Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, who am greater than Solomon, am here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 11 31 p75h figs-explicit πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε 1 greater than Solomon is here It may be helpful to state explicitly that these people have not listened to Jesus. Alternate translation: “even though I, who am greater than Solomon, am here, the people of this time have not listened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 32 pkh5 figs-explicit ἄνδρες Νινευεῖται 1 The men of Nineveh It may be helpful to state explicitly that this refers to the ancient city of **Nineveh**. Alternate translation: “The people who lived in the ancient city of Nineveh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 32 g456 figs-gendernotations ἄνδρες 1 The men The term **men** here is generic and includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “The people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 32 l693 translate-symaction ἀναστήσονται…μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 will rise up…with this generation The term **rise up** here means to stand up. In this culture, people would stand up to give testimony in a legal proceeding. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that this will be the reason for their action. Alternate translation: “will stand up…to give testimony before God against the people who lived at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 11 32 l694 ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 in the judgment Alternate translation: “at the time when God judges people”
LUK 11 32 uwp5 τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation Alternate translation: “the people who lived at this time”
LUK 11 32 l695 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get the crowd to focus its attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “now listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 32 l696 figs-nominaladj πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε 1 greater than Jonah is here Jesus is using the adjective **greater** as a noun, to describe a kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the word with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “someone who is greater than Jonah is here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 11 32 ac61 figs-123person πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε 1 greater than Jonah is here Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, who am greater than Jonah, am here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 11 32 l697 figs-explicit πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε 1 greater than Jonah is here It may be helpful to state explicitly that these people have not repented after hearing the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: “even though I, who am greater than Jonah, am here, you still have not repented after hearing my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 33 l698 figs-parables οὐδεὶς λύχνον ἅψας 1 No one, having lit a lamp To help the people in the crowd understand what he has been teaching, Jesus offers a brief illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave the crowd this illustration to help them understand. ‘No one who lights a lamp’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 11 33 ht3v translate-unknown κρύπτην τίθησιν 1 a hidden place This expression means a place in a house that would not ordinarily be seen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use the name of any part of a dwelling in your culture that would not ordinarily be seen. Alternate translation: “a closet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 33 l699 translate-unknown τὸν μόδιον 1 the measure This term refers to a container for dry material that had a capacity of about eight liters or about two gallons. You can represent the term in your translation with the name of a corresponding container in your culture. Alternate translation: “a basket” or “a bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 33 hz46 figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὴν λυχνίαν 1 but on the lampstand If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply the understood subject and verb in this clause. It may also be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Instead, a person places a lighted lamp on a lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 11 34 n1pg figs-metaphor ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου 1 The lamp of the body is your eye The **eye** is a **lamp** in a figurative sense. It is not a source of light, but a channel of light. Alternate translation: “Your eye lets light into your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 34 l700 figs-youcrowd σου 1 your Even though Jesus is speaking to the crowd, he is addressing an individual situation, so **your** and **you** are singular in [11:34–36](../11/34.md). But if the singular form of these pronouns would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 11 34 rm2n figs-exmetaphor ὅταν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ἁπλοῦς ᾖ, καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου φωτεινόν ἐστιν 1 When your eye is healthy, your whole body is also illuminated Jesus is drawing an extended comparison between physical vision and spiritual receptivity. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “When your eye is healthy, it lets light into your whole body. In the same way, if you are willing to obey God, you will understand and live by his message for every part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 11 34 td49 figs-exmetaphor ἐπὰν δὲ πονηρὸς ᾖ, καὶ τὸ σῶμά σου σκοτεινόν 1 But when it is bad, your body is also dark Jesus continues to draw an extended comparison between physical vision and spiritual receptivity. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “But when your eye is unhealthy, it does not let light into any of your body. In the same way, if you are not willing to obey God, you not will understand and live by his message for any part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 11 34 l701 ἐπὰν δὲ πονηρὸς ᾖ 1 But when it is bad In this context, Jesus is using the term **bad** to contrast with **healthy**, so it means “unhealthy.” Alternate translation: “But when your eye is unhealthy”
LUK 11 35 z96u figs-exmetaphor σκόπει…μὴ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος ἐστίν 1 beware that the light that is in you is not darkness Jesus continues to draw an extended comparison between physical vision and spiritual receptivity. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “It would be dangerous for you to think that you could see clearly if you actually could not. In the same way, be careful not to think that you understand and live by God’s message if you really do not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 11 36 g336 figs-simile ἔσται φωτεινὸν ὅλον, ὡς ὅταν ὁ λύχνος τῇ ἀστραπῇ φωτίζῃ σε 1 it will all be illuminated, as when the lamp with its brightness illuminates you Jesus now uses a simile to connect the illustration of the lamp with the extended metaphor of the eye. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the meaning of the simile. Alternate translation: “light will come into your whole body. In the same way, if you are willing to obey God, you will be able to understand his message and live by it completely, just as a lamp shines a bright light that allows you to see yourself and everything around you clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 11 37 h6zz writing-newevent ἐν δὲ τῷ λαλῆσαι 1 and when he had spoken Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “and when Jesus had finished saying these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 11 37 l702 ἐρωτᾷ αὐτὸν Φαρισαῖος 1 a Pharisee asks him To call attention to a development in the story, Luke uses the present tense in past narration. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “a Pharisee asked him”
LUK 11 37 l703 writing-participants Φαρισαῖος 1 a Pharisee This introduces a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “a Pharisee who was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 11 37 x6nx translate-unknown ἀνέπεσεν 1 reclined to eat It was the custom in this culture at a relaxed meal such as this one for host and guests to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. You could translate this by using the expression in your language for the customary posture at a meal. Alternate translation: “sat down at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 38 bm8j figs-explicit οὐ πρῶτον ἐβαπτίσθη 1 he did not first wash The Pharisees had a rule that people had to **wash** their hands before eating in order to be ceremonially clean before God. Alternate translation: “wash his hands in order to be ceremonially clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 39 l704 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 11 39 xf4e figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς οἱ Φαρισαῖοι τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τοῦ πίνακος καθαρίζετε, τὸ δὲ ἔσωθεν ὑμῶν γέμει ἁρπαγῆς καὶ πονηρίας 1 you Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and of the bowl, but the inside of you is full of greed and evil It becomes clear from the second part of this sentence that Jesus is using the cup and the bowl figuratively in the first part to represent the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “You Pharisees are careful to maintain good appearances on the outside, but your true character is that you are greedy and wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 39 zkq7 figs-explicit ὑμεῖς…τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τοῦ πίνακος καθαρίζετε 1 you…clean the outside of the cup and of the bowl Washing of the outside of containers was a part of the ritual practices of the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “as part of your rituals, you…always clean the things that you are going to eat and drink from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 39 b8gj figs-abstractnouns τὸ δὲ ἔσωθεν ὑμῶν γέμει ἁρπαγῆς καὶ πονηρίας 1 but the inside of you is full of greed and evil If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **greed** and **evil** with adjectives, as UST does. Alternate translation: “but your true character is that you are greedy and wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 11 40 zq4l figs-nominaladj ἄφρονες 1 You foolish ones Jesus is using an adjective as a noun. ULT adds the term **ones** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “You foolish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 11 40 g39h figs-rquestion οὐχ ὁ ποιήσας τὸ ἔξωθεν, καὶ τὸ ἔσωθεν ἐποίησεν? 1 Did not the one who made the outside also make the inside? Jesus is using the question form to challenge and correct the Pharisees. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “The one who made the outside also made the inside!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 11 41 m3ww figs-explicit τὰ ἐνόντα δότε ἐλεημοσύνην 1 give as charity what is inside Jesus assumes that the Pharisees will know that he is now referring literally to the cups and bowls because he wants to speak about what they contain. So in this saying, they no longer represent the Pharisees figuratively. Alternate translation: “give to the poor what is in your cups and bowls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 41 l705 figs-metonymy τὰ ἐνόντα δότε ἐλεημοσύνην 1 give as charity what is inside Jesus is referring to food by association with the cups and bowls that the food is **inside**. Alternate translation: “share your food with the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 41 l706 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get the Pharisees to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “now listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 41 phz9 figs-explicit πάντα καθαρὰ ὑμῖν ἐστιν 1 all things are clean to you The implication is that if the Pharisees devote themselves to what is most important, helping people in need, then they will recognize that ceremonial cleansing is less important and less worthy of their attention. Alternate translation: “you will not have to be so concerned about ritually washing cups and bowls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 42 ans4 figs-explicit ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ πήγανον, καὶ πᾶν λάχανον 1 you tithe the mint and the rue and every garden herb The implication is that the Pharisees are counting the leaves on their garden herbs and giving a tenth of those to God, and that by doing that, they are going to almost absurd extremes in pursing that devotional practice. Alternate translation: “you are so extreme that you give every tenth leaf from your mint and rue and other garden plants to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 42 p71g translate-unknown τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ πήγανον 1 the mint and the rue These are the names of herbs. People put just a little bit of their leaves into their food to give it flavor. If your readers would not know what **mint** and **rue** are, you could use the name of herbs that they would know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 42 l25z figs-hyperbole πᾶν λάχανον 1 every garden herb This does not mean every **herb** that exists, but every **herb** that the Pharisees were growing in their gardens. Alternate translation: “every other herb in your gardens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 11 42 yk7d τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the justice and the love of God Alternate translation: “to make sure that people are treated fairly and compassionately, as God would want”
LUK 11 42 l707 ταῦτα…κἀκεῖνα 1 these things, and…those things By **these things**, Jesus means the justice and the love of God. By **those things**, he means devotional practices such as tithing. Your language may have its own way of expressing distinctions like this. Alternate translation: “the latter, and…the former”
LUK 11 42 myv2 figs-doublenegatives κἀκεῖνα μὴ παρεῖναι 1 and not to neglect those things If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative, which consists of a negative particle and a negative verb, as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “while making sure to express your devotion to God as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 11 43 w6pv figs-idiom τὴν πρωτοκαθεδρίαν 1 the first seats This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the best seats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 11 43 sz72 figs-explicit τοὺς ἀσπασμοὺς 1 the greetings The implication is that people would greet the Pharisees in public by addressing them with honorary titles. Alternate translation: “for people to greet you with special titles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 44 hag2 figs-simile ἐστὲ ὡς τὰ μνημεῖα τὰ ἄδηλα καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ περιπατοῦντες ἐπάνω οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 you are like the unseen graves, and the men walking over them do not know it Jesus is saying that the Pharisees are like unmarked graves because they appear to be ceremonially clean, and so people do not realize that they should avoid them and their teaching. Alternate translation: “you are like burial places that people should not go near, but people do not realize that because the places are unmarked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 11 44 l708 figs-explicit ἐστὲ ὡς τὰ μνημεῖα τὰ ἄδηλα 1 you are like the unseen graves The implication is that these **graves** are **unseen**, that is, people do not know that they are there, because they do not have markers such as the stones or plaques that are customarily used to identify graves and to memorialize the people who are buried in them. Alternate translation: “you are like unmarked graves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 44 mrw1 translate-unknown μνημεῖα 1 graves This term refers to holes dug in the ground where dead bodies are buried. If your readers would not be familiar with **graves**, you can use a general term. Alternate translation: “burial places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 44 l709 figs-gendernotations καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ περιπατοῦντες ἐπάνω 1 and the men walking over them Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “that people walk over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 44 h9x7 figs-explicit οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 do not know it The implication is that if the Jews walked over a grave, they would become ceremonially unclean because they had come close to a dead body. Unmarked graves would cause them to do that accidentally. Alternate translation: “do not realize that and so become ceremonially unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 44 l710 figs-metaphor οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 do not know it Jesus is using the implied ceremonial uncleanness figuratively to represent not doing what pleases God. He has just said in [11:42](../11/42.md) that this is really a matter of showing love and justice to others. Alternate translation: “without realizing it and so, because they follow your teaching, they do not do the things that God wants them to do most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 45 l711 ἀποκριθεὶς δέ τις τῶν νομικῶν λέγει αὐτῷ 1 Then answering one of the lawyers says to him To call attention to a development in the story, Luke uses the present tense in past narration. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Then one of the experts in the Jewish law who was there said to him”
LUK 11 45 l712 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς…λέγει 1 answering…says Together the two verbs **answering** and **says** mean that this lawyer was responding to what Jesus had said about the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 11 45 u1vv writing-participants τις τῶν νομικῶν 1 one of the lawyers This phrase introduces a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “one of the experts in the Jewish law who was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 11 45 l713 translate-unknown τις τῶν νομικῶν 1 one of the lawyers See how you translated this in [7:30](../07/30.md). Alternate translation: “one of the experts in the Jewish law who was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 45 l714 Διδάσκαλε 1 Teacher This is a respectful title. You could translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use.
LUK 11 45 v1pr ταῦτα λέγων, καὶ ἡμᾶς ὑβρίζεις 1 saying these things, you insult us too Alternate translation: “those are not very nice things to say, and they apply to us too”
LUK 11 46 wx9j figs-explicit καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς νομικοῖς οὐαί 1 Woe also to you lawyers The implication is that Jesus did intend to condemn the actions of the experts in the law along with the actions of the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “God is just as displeased with you experts in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 46 l715 translate-unknown τοῖς νομικοῖς 1 lawyers See how you translated this in [11:45](../11/45.md). Alternate translation: “experts in the Jewish law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 46 v2vl figs-metaphor φορτίζετε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους φορτία δυσβάστακτα 1 you burden men with burdens difficult to carry Jesus is figuratively describing the many rules that these experts give people as burdens that are too heavy to carry. Alternate translation: “you give people more rules than they can possibly follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 46 l716 figs-gendernotations τοὺς ἀνθρώπους 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 46 mws4 figs-hyperbole αὐτοὶ ἑνὶ τῶν δακτύλων ὑμῶν οὐ προσψαύετε τοῖς φορτίοις 1 you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers Jesus uses the least possible thing someone could do to help someone else carry a burden, lifting part of it with a single finger, to emphasize how little these experts are actually doing to help people follow the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “you are not doing anything at all to help people truly obey the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 11 47 l717 figs-gendernotations πατέρες 1 fathers Jesus is using the term **fathers** in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 48 drs1 figs-explicit μαρτυρεῖτε καὶ συνευδοκεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 you bear witness and consent to the works of your fathers The implication is that the Pharisees and experts in the law are not really honoring the prophets whom their ancestors killed when they build elaborate tombs for them. Rather, their ancestors began the job by actually killing them, and now they are finishing the job by burying them. Alternate translation: “you show that you approve of and agree with what your ancestors did when you bury the prophets to finish the job of killing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 48 l718 figs-gendernotations τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 your fathers Jesus is using the term **fathers** in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 11 48 l719 figs-explicit ὑμεῖς…οἰκοδομεῖτε 1 you are building The implication is that the Pharisees and law experts are building tombs for the prophets, as [11:47](../11/47.md) says explicitly. Alternate translation: “you are building tombs for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 49 by5w διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason This expression refers to the way that the current generation was effectively continuing the actions of its ancestors, who had killed the prophets. Alternate translation: “Because you are just as hostile to the prophets as your ancestors were”
LUK 11 49 c97g figs-personification ἡ σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶπεν 1 the wisdom of God said Jesus speaks figuratively of God’s **wisdom** as if it were able to speak by itself. Alternate translation: “God in his wisdom said” or “God wisely said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 11 49 lda4 figs-explicit ἀποστελῶ εἰς αὐτοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἀποστόλους, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενοῦσιν καὶ διώξουσιν 1 I will send to them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill and persecute Jesus is saying that God was not so foolish or naïve as to think that the Israelites would welcome the message of the prophets and apostles. God in his wisdom knew that they would oppose his messengers. But he sent them anyway, because their message was necessary and important. Alternate translation: “I am going to send prophets and apostles to them with my message, even though I know they will persecute and kill some of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 49 w1fh figs-hendiadys ἀποκτενοῦσιν καὶ διώξουσιν 1 kill and persecute Jesus may be expressing a single idea here by using two words connected with **and.** The word **persecute** may be telling why and how the people would **kill** the prophets. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “persecute by killing” or “persecute even to the point of killing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 11 50 pi6u figs-explicit ἵνα ἐκζητηθῇ τὸ αἷμα πάντων τῶν προφητῶν, τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 that the blood of all the prophets that has been shed from the foundation of the world may be required from this generation The implication seems to be that God will also send prophets to the people living at this time because the people’s violent persecution of the prophets will constitute a conscious, deliberate rejection of God’s message that will provide grounds for definitive judgment. That is because the people of this time should know better than to persecute the prophets, based on the prominent bad example of their own ancestors. Alternate translation: “so that the people living at this time, who should have known better, can be held accountable for the blood that people have shed of all the prophets since the beginning of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 50 l720 figs-activepassive ἵνα ἐκζητηθῇ…ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 that…may be required from this generation If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “so that God can hold the people living at this time accountable for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 50 l721 figs-activepassive τὸ αἷμα…τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον 1 the blood…that has been shed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “the blood…that people have shed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 50 d1rf figs-metonymy τὸ αἷμα…τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον 1 the blood…that has been shed Jesus refers to the deaths of **the prophets** figuratively by association with their **blood.** Alternate translation: “the deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 50 l722 ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου 1 from the foundation of the world Alternate translation: “since the beginning of the world” or “since God made the world”
LUK 11 50 l723 figs-metonymy τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation Jesus uses the term **generation** figuratively to mean the people who were born in the current generation. Alternate translation: “the people living at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 51 l724 figs-metonymy αἵματος Ἂβελ…αἵματος Ζαχαρίου 1 the blood of Abel…the blood of Zechariah Jesus refers to the deaths of these men figuratively by association with the shedding of their blood. Alternate translation: “the death of Abel…the death of Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 51 l725 translate-names Ἂβελ 1 Abel This is the name of a man. He was the son of Adam, the first man, and God commended him for doing what was right. His brother Cain murdered him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 51 jes7 translate-names Ζαχαρίου 1 Zechariah This is the name of a man. It is not the same man as father of John the Baptist, whose story Luke tells at the beginning of this book. Rather, Jesus means the priest whom King Joash ordered the officials of Judah to stone to death in the temple courtyard after he rebuked the people of Judah for worshipping idols. See 2 Chronicles [24:21](../2ch/24/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 11 51 l726 figs-metaphor τοῦ οἴκου 1 the house Jesus figuratively calls the temple the **house**, meaning the “house of God,” since God’s presence was in the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 51 l727 figs-activepassive ἐκζητηθήσεται ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 it will be required from this generation If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will hold the people living at this time accountable for all these deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 51 l728 figs-metonymy τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation Jesus uses the term **generation** figuratively to mean the people who were born in the current generation. Alternate translation: “the people living at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 11 52 vj5a translate-unknown τοῖς νομικοῖς 1 lawyers See how you translated this in [11:45](../11/45.md). Alternate translation: “experts in the Jewish law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 52 s4fc figs-metaphor ἤρατε τὴν κλεῖδα τῆς γνώσεως 1 you have taken away the key of knowledge Jesus speaks figuratively about the **knowledge** of God’s truth as if it were in a building whose door was locked, and about proper teaching as if it were a **key** that could unlock that door. Alternate translation: “you prevent people from knowing God’s truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 52 xg48 translate-unknown τὴν κλεῖδα 1 the key A **key** is a small metal device that opens a lock that is used to keep things like a door, a box, or a drawer closed. If your readers would not know what a **key** is, you could use the name of a comparable device in your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 52 fj7x figs-metaphor αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσήλθατε, καὶ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἐκωλύσατε 1 you have not entered yourselves, and you have hindered those who are entering Jesus continues the metaphor by saying figuratively that these experts in the law have not gone into the building where they could learn God’s truth, and they have not given others the **key** that would allow them to unlock the door and go inside to learn. Alternate translation: “you do not know God’s truth yourselves, and you are preventing others from knowing it as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 53 mld3 writing-endofstory κἀκεῖθεν ἐξελθόντος αὐτοῦ 1 After he went out from there In this verse and the next verse, Luke comments on what happened as a result of the episode he has just related. Alternate translation: “After Jesus left the Pharisee’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 11 54 mr32 figs-metaphor αὐτὸν θηρεῦσαί τι ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 lying in wait for him to trap something from his mouth Luke speaks figuratively of the scribes and Pharisees trying to find grounds to accuse Jesus as if they were hunters hiding behind cover in order to catch an animal. Luke then speaks figuratively of what Jesus was saying as if it were the animal that these hunters were trying to catch. Alternate translation: “listening carefully to Jesus to see if they could use something he said to accuse him of teaching the wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 54 l729 figs-metonymy τι ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 something from his mouth Luke figuratively describes what Jesus was saying by association with his **mouth**, by which he spoke these things. Alternate translation: “something he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 intro jun3 0 # Luke 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus teaches about trusting and honoring God (12:1–12)<br>2. Jesus tells a parable about a man who trusted in money (12:13–21)<br>3. Jesus teaches not to trust in money (12:22–34)<br>4. Jesus teaches about being ready for his return (12:35–59)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit”<br><br>Jesus says in 12:10 that anyone who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. This is a descriptive statement, not a prescriptive one. Jesus is not saying that if a person happens to speak certain words, then God will refuse to forgive them, no matter how sorry they are afterwards. Rather, it is the Holy Spirit who brings conviction of sin and of the need to repent. “Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit” means attributing the influence of the Holy Spirit to evil powers, as the Pharisees did when they said in 11:15 that Jesus drove out demons by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons. By definition, then, if a person thinks that the influence of the Holy Spirit is an evil influence, they will not respond to it, and so they will not experience conviction of sin, repent, and be forgiven. That is why people who “blaspheme against the Holy Spirit” will not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>### Servants<br><br>God expects his people to remember that everything in the world belongs to God. God gives his people things so they can serve him. He wants them to please him by doing what he wants them to do with everything he has given them. One day Jesus will ask his servants what they have done with everything he gave them to use. He will give a reward to those who have done what he wanted them to do, and he will punish those who have not. Jesus teaches about this in 12:34-40.<br><br>### Division<br><br>Jesus knew that those who did not choose to follow him would hate those who did choose to follow him. He also knew that most people love their families more than they love anyone else. So he wanted his followers to understand that following and pleasing him had to be more important to them than having their family love them. Jesus teaches about this in 12:49-53.
LUK 12 1 en8g writing-newevent ἐν οἷς 1 In those times Luke uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. This phrase seems to refer back to [11:54](../11/54.md). Alternate translation: “While the scribes and Pharisees were still looking for a way to trap him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 12 1 c8yk grammar-connect-time-background ἐπισυναχθεισῶν τῶν μυριάδων τοῦ ὄχλου, ὥστε καταπατεῖν ἀλλήλους 1 when myriads of the crowd were gathered together Luke provides this background information to give the setting for the events he is about to describe. Alternate translation: “while tens of thousands of the common people were gathering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 12 1 l730 translate-unknown μυριάδων 1 myriads The word **myriads** is the plural of the Greek word “myriad,” which means ten thousand (10,000). You can express this number in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 1 l734 τοῦ ὄχλου 1 of the crowd In this context, the word **crowd** refers to ordinary people. Alternate translation: “of the common people”
LUK 12 1 l735 figs-activepassive ἐπισυναχθεισῶν 1 were gathered together If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “were coming together” or “were crowding around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 1 ybz9 figs-hyperbole ὥστε καταπατεῖν ἀλλήλους 1 so that they trampled on each other This could be an exaggeration to emphasize how tightly packed together the crowd as. Alternate translation: “so that they were all tightly packed together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 12 1 x38n ἤρξατο λέγειν πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ πρῶτον 1 he began to say to his disciples first This could mean one of two things. (1) Jesus addressed his disciples before speaking to the crowd. Alternate translation: “Jesus first started speaking to his disciples, and said to them” (2) This was the first thing Jesus said to his disciples when he began to speak to them. Alternate translation: “Jesus started speaking to his disciples, and the first thing he said was”
LUK 12 1 f5b9 figs-metaphor προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων, ἥτις ἐστὶν ὑπόκρισις 1 Guard yourselves from the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy Jesus is describing the influence of **the Pharisees** figuratively by comparing its spread throughout the community to the way **yeast** spreads through a whole batch of dough or batter. You could represent this metaphor as a simile in your translation. Alternate translation: “Be careful that you do not become hypocrites like the Pharisees, whose behavior is influencing everyone around them, just as yeast spreads through a whole batch of dough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 1 l736 translate-unknown ζύμης 1 yeast This term describes a substance that causes fermentation and expansion within a batch of dough or batter. If your readers would not be familiar with yeast, you could use the name of a substance that they would be familiar with, or you could use a general term. Alternate translation: “leaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 2 m1ti grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 But This word connects the statement it introduces to the previous statement about the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. In your translation, you can use the term that would show this connection in the way that is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
LUK 12 2 e5w4 figs-parallelism οὐδὲν…συνκεκαλυμμένον ἐστὶν ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται 1 nothing is concealed that will not be revealed and hidden that will not be known These two phrases mean similar things. Jesus uses them together to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them, especially if it might be confusing for your readers if you put both phrases in. Alternate translation: “people will learn about everything that others try to hide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 2 l737 figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲν…συνκεκαλυμμένον ἐστὶν ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται 1 nothing is concealed that will not be revealed If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “everything that is now concealed will be revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 12 2 g46e figs-activepassive οὐδὲν…συνκεκαλυμμένον ἐστὶν ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται 1 nothing is concealed that will not be revealed If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active verbal forms in place of the two passive forms here, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will reveal everything that people are now concealing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 2 l738 figs-ellipsis καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται 1 and hidden that will not be known Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and nothing is hidden that will not be known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 12 2 l739 figs-doublenegatives καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται 1 and hidden that will not be known Supplying **nothing** from earlier in the sentence shows that this is a double negative. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “and everything that is now hidden will be known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 12 2 l740 figs-activepassive καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται 1 and hidden that will not be known If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active verbal forms in place of the two passive forms here, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “and God will let everyone know about everything that people are now hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 3 iv8i figs-metaphor ὅσα ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ εἴπατε 1 whatever you have said in the darkness Jesus uses the image of **darkness** to represent the idea of concealment. Alternate translation: “whatever you have said secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 3 l741 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ φωτὶ ἀκουσθήσεται 1 will be heard in the light Jesus uses the image of **light** to represent the idea of no concealment. Alternate translation: “people will hear openly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 3 l742 figs-activepassive ἐν τῷ φωτὶ ἀκουσθήσεται 1 will be heard in the light If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “people will hear openly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 3 ix7b figs-idiom πρὸς τὸ οὖς ἐλαλήσατε 1 spoken in the ear Alternate translation: “whispered to another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 3 jwe6 figs-metaphor ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις 1 in the inner rooms Jesus uses the image of this location to represent the idea of privacy. Alternate translation: “privately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 3 b93h figs-activepassive κηρυχθήσεται 1 will be proclaimed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “people will proclaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 3 rmx8 translate-unknown ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων 1 upon the housetops Houses in Israel had flat roofs that were reached by stairs or ladders, so people could easily go up and stand on top of them. If houses are different in your culture and you think your readers might wonder how people would get up onto **housetops** and stand there, you could translate this with a general expression. Alternate translation: “from a high place from which everyone will be able to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 4 m6t7 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, τοῖς φίλοις μου 1 But I say to you, my friends Jesus readdresses his disciples to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, about not being afraid. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you, friends”
LUK 12 4 l743 figs-metonymy τὸ σῶμα 1 the body Jesus speaks figuratively about a person by association with **the body**, which is mortal. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 4 vc8j μὴ ἐχόντων περισσότερόν τι ποιῆσαι 1 do not have anything more to do Alternate translation: “cannot cause any more harm”
LUK 12 5 fsr4 figs-explicit φοβήθητε τὸν…ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν 1 Fear the one who…has authority The expression **the one** refers to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Fear God, who…has authority” or “Fear God, because he…has authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 5 us3x μετὰ τὸ ἀποκτεῖναι 1 after having killed Jesus is not suggesting that God actively kills each person. Alternate translation: “after a person dies”
LUK 12 5 l744 translate-names Γέενναν 1 Gehenna This is the Greek name for a place, the Valley of Hinnom just outside Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 12 5 ric8 figs-metaphor Γέενναν 1 Gehenna Jesus figuratively uses the name of this place, where refuse was thrown and fires burned continually, to mean hell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 6 l745 figs-activepassive οὐχὶ πέντε στρουθία πωλοῦνται ἀσσαρίων δύο 1 Are not five sparrows sold for two assaria If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who does the action. Alternate translation: “Do people not sell five sparrows for only two small copper coins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 6 czr7 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ πέντε στρουθία πωλοῦνται ἀσσαρίων δύο? 1 Are not five sparrows sold for two assaria? Jesus is using this question to teach the disciples. He is not asking them to verify the market price for sparrows. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that five sparrows are sold for only two small copper coins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 6 u697 translate-unknown στρουθία 1 sparrows These are small, seed-eating birds. If your readers would not know what **sparrows** are, you could use a general expression instead. Alternate translation: “small birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 6 l746 translate-bmoney ἀσσαρίων δύο 1 two assaria The word **assaria** is the plural of “assarion.” An assarion was a small copper coin equivalent to about half an hour’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might say something more general, or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “two small copper coins” or “half an hour’s wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 12 6 mru1 figs-activepassive ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιλελησμένον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 not one of them is forgotten before God If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God never forgets a single one of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 6 l747 figs-doublenegatives ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιλελησμένον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 not one of them is forgotten before God If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative, which consists of a negative particle and a negative verb, as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “God is always aware of every one of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 12 6 l748 figs-metaphor ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιλελησμένον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 not one of them is forgotten before God The expression **before God** means “in front of God,” that is, “where God can see.” Sight, in turn, figuratively represents attention. Alternate translation: “God is always aware of every one of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 7 m833 figs-activepassive καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν πᾶσαι ἠρίθμηνται 1 even the hairs of your head have all been numbered If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God has even counted all the hairs on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 7 l749 figs-synecdoche καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν πᾶσαι ἠρίθμηνται 1 even the hairs of your head have all been numbered Jesus is figuratively using one small part of a person, a **hair** on the **head**, to indicate the entire person. Alternate translation: “God is aware of everything about you, right down to the smallest detail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 12 7 l750 figs-you τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν 1 your head Although **head** is singular because Jesus is describing an individual situation, **your** is plural because he is speaking to his disciples as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 12 7 l751 ἠρίθμηνται 1 numbered This word can also mean “counted.” Jesus is not necessarily saying that God has assigned a number to each individual hair on a person’s head. Alternate translation: “counted”
LUK 12 7 shk3 figs-explicit μὴ φοβεῖσθε, πολλῶν στρουθίων διαφέρετε 1 Do not fear, you are more valuable than many sparrows The implication is that if God is aware of and concerned for sparrows, which are of less value, then God is certainly aware of and concerned for people, who are of greater value. And so followers of Jesus do not need to be afraid, since God is watching over them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You are more valuable than many sparrows, so God is certainly even more aware of you and concerned for you, and so you do not need to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 8 xzh3 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν 1 But I say to you Jesus readdresses his disciples to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, confession. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you”
LUK 12 8 d1cs figs-explicit πᾶς ὃς ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 everyone who confesses me before men If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what someone would **confess** or acknowledge. Alternate translation: “whoever tells other people that he believes in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 8 l752 figs-metaphor ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 before men The word **before** here means “in front of” or “in the presence of” other people. Alternate translation: “in the presence of other people” or “so other people can hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 8 l753 figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “other people” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 12 8 m5ek figs-123person καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὁμολογήσει ἐν αὐτῷ 1 the Son of Man will also confess him Jesus is referring to himself here in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will also say that he belongs to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 12 8 l754 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 8 l755 figs-metaphor ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 before the angels The word **before** here means “in front of” or “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of the angels” or “so the angels can hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 9 fu3j figs-explicit ὁ δὲ ἀρνησάμενός με ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 the one who denies me before men If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what someone would **deny**. Alternate translation: “whoever denies to others that he is my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 9 l756 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 before men The word **before** here means “in front of” or “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of other people” or “so other people can hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 9 l757 figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “other people” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 12 9 x27t figs-activepassive ἀπαρνηθήσεται 1 will be denied If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say will would do the action. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will deny that he belongs to him” or (if you translated with the first person) “I will deny that he belongs to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 9 l758 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 before the angels The word **before** here means “in front of” or “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of the angels” or “so the angels can hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 10 rp5y figs-metonymy καὶ πᾶς ὃς ἐρεῖ λόγον εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man Jesus uses the term **word** figuratively to describe something someone might say by using words. Alternate translation: “everyone who says something bad about the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 10 l759 figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself here in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 12 10 l760 figs-explicit τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “me, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 10 px39 figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 it will be forgiven him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will forgive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 10 p9g7 figs-activepassive οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται 1 it will not be forgiven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will not extend forgiveness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 11 f2j9 figs-explicit ὅταν…εἰσφέρωσιν ὑμᾶς 1 when they bring you The implication is that the opponents of Jesus would do this to his disciples. Alternate translation: “when my opponents bring you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 11 c1rk figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τὰς συναγωγὰς 1 to the synagogues Jesus is referring figuratively to local Jewish tribunals by reference to the place where they met, in **synagogues**. Alternate translation: “to be tried by local Jewish tribunals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 11 gm94 figs-doublet τὰς ἀρχὰς, καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας 1 the rulers, and the authorities These two terms mean similar things. Jesus may be using them together for emphasis. He is referring to officials of the Roman Empire. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the terms into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the officials whom the Romans have appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 12 12 l761 τὸ…Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα διδάξει ὑμᾶς…ἃ δεῖ εἰπεῖ 1 the Holy Spirit will teach you…what is necessary to say Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit will tell you…what to say” or “the Holy Spirit will give you…the words to say”
LUK 12 12 gz6v figs-idiom ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 in that hour Jesus is using the term **hour** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at that time” or “in that moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 13 i2vi writing-participants εἶπεν δέ τις ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου αὐτῷ 1 Then someone from the crowd said to him Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “Then a man who was there in the crowd said to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 12 13 l762 Διδάσκαλε 1 Teacher This is a respectful title. You can translate it with an equivalent term that your language and culture would use.
LUK 12 13 d1dj figs-explicit μερίσασθαι μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὴν κληρονομίαν 1 to divide the inheritance with me In this culture, inheritances came from the father, usually after the father had died. You may need to make explicit that the speaker’s father had probably died. Alternate translation: “to divide the family property with me now that our father is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 14 i8sm ἄνθρωπε 1 Man Jesus is using the impersonal term **Man** here to put some social distance between himself and the questioner, by contrast with the way he called his disciples **friends** in [12:4](../12/04.md). He is effectively rebuking the man for asking such a question. Your language might have a way of addressing people in a similar situation. Alternate translation: “Mister”
LUK 12 14 hmn6 figs-rquestion τίς με κατέστησεν κριτὴν ἢ μεριστὴν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς? 1 who appointed me a judge or a mediator over you? Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the man. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one appointed me to be a judge or mediator over you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 14 l763 figs-doublet κριτὴν ἢ μεριστὴν 1 a judge or a mediator These two terms mean similar things. Jesus may be using them together for emphasis as he rebukes this man. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them with a single word that would carry the meaning of both terms. Alternate translation: “an abritrator” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 12 14 l764 figs-hendiadys κριτὴν ἢ μεριστὴν 1 a judge or a mediator Jesus could also be using these two words to express a single idea. The term **mediator** may explain for what purpose a person was appointed as a **judge**, specifically, to settle disputes. Alternate translation: “a judge who settles disputes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 12 14 l765 figs-youdual ὑμᾶς 1 you The term **you** refers to the man and his brother. It would be in the dual if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
LUK 12 15 me49 figs-explicit εἶπεν…πρὸς αὐτούς 1 he said to them The implication is that Jesus said what follows to the whole crowd, which included the man who asked about the inheritance. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 15 l766 figs-metaphor ὁρᾶτε 1 See Jesus figuratively uses a word for seeing to indicate a need for caution. Alternate translation: “Watch out” or “Be careful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 15 ckn2 figs-abstractnouns πλεονεξίας 1 covetousness If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract **covetousness** with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the urge to have more things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 12 15 l767 τῷ περισσεύειν τινὶ…ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ 1 the abounding to him of his possessions Alternate translation: “how many things he owns”
LUK 12 16 d37q figs-parables εἶπεν δὲ παραβολὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς 1 Then he spoke to them a parable Jesus now gives a brief illustration to teach something that is true in a way that is easy to understand and remember. Alternate translation: “Then he told them this story to help them understand what he was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 12 16 gc9i writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 to them The word **them** refers to the whole crowd, to which Jesus is continuing to speak. Alternate translation: “to the whole crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 12 16 nkw9 εὐφόρησεν 1 yielded abundantly Alternate translation: “produced a very good harvest”
LUK 12 17 w55n figs-quotesinquotes διελογίζετο ἐν ἑαυτῷ λέγων, τί ποιήσω, ὅτι οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω τοὺς καρπούς μου 1 he reasoned with himself, saying, ‘What should I do, since I do not have anywhere to gather my crops If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he asked himself what he should do, since he did not have anywhere large enough to store his crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 17 l768 figs-hyperbole ποῦ 1 anywhere This is a generalization for emphasis. As the man says in the next verse, he already does have some barns. He means that those barns do not have the capacity to store this new large harvest. Alternate translation: “anywhere large enough” or “enough room in my barns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 12 18 l769 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν, τοῦτο ποιήσω: καθελῶ μου τὰς ἀποθήκας καὶ μείζονας οἰκοδομήσω, καὶ συνάξω ἐκεῖ πάντα τὸν σῖτον καὶ τὰ ἀγαθά μου 1 he said, ‘I will do this: I will take down my barns and build bigger ones, and there I will gather all of my grain and goods If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he finally decided that he should tear down the barns he had and bigger barns so that he could store all of his grain and other possessions in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 18 d82f translate-unknown τὰς ἀποθήκας 1 barns The term **barns** describes buildings in which farmers store crops they have harvested. If your readers would not be familiar with **barns**, you could use a general term. Alternate translation: “storage buildings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 18 w6gc τὰ ἀγαθά μου 1 my goods Alternate translation: “my other possessions”
LUK 12 19 l770 figs-quotesinquotes ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου, ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα εἰς ἔτη πολλά; ἀναπαύου, φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου 1 I will say to my soul, “Soul, you have many goods lying in store for many years. Relax, eat, drink, be merry”’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, and then another quotation within that one. Alternate translation: “He told himself that he had many goods stored up for many years, and so he could relax, eat, drink, be merry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 19 mqm6 figs-synecdoche τῇ ψυχῇ μου 1 my soul The man figuratively addresses one part of himself, his **soul** or inner being, in order to speak to all of himself. Alternate translation: “myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 12 20 l771 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός, ἄφρων, ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ, τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ; ἃ δὲ ἡτοίμασας, τίνι ἔσται? 1 But God said to him, ‘Foolish one, this night they are demanding your soul from you, and what you have prepared, whose will it be?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, and then another quotation within that one. Alternate translation: “But God told him that he was very foolish, because he was going to die that night, and the things he had stored up would belong to someone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 20 l772 figs-nominaladj ἄφρων 1 Foolish one God is using the adjective **foolish** as a noun, to describe what kind of person this man is. ULT adds the term **one** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “You foolish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 12 20 l773 ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ, τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 this night they are demanding your soul from you This is an indefinite construction, such as many languages use, but God is the actual subject. Alternate translation: “I am demanding your soul from you this very night”
LUK 12 20 l774 figs-idiom ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ, τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 this night they are demanding your soul from you The term **soul** means the life of a person. God is using the same term as the man did, but with a different meaning, to show that he was foolish to have such confidence in his possessions. Alternate translation: “you are going to lose your life this very night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 20 xgr9 figs-euphemism τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 they are demanding your soul from you This expression speaks about death in a discreet way. Alternate translation: “you are going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 12 20 vyn1 figs-rquestion ἃ δὲ ἡτοίμασας, τίνι ἔσται? 1 what you have prepared, whose will it be? God does not expect the man to tell him who will inherit his things. Rather, God is using the question as a teaching tool, to make the man realize that he could not count on possessing those things, and so he was wrong to put his confidence in them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “the things you have stored up will belong to someone else!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 21 m47i ὁ θησαυρίζων 1 the one who stores up treasure Alternate translation: “a person who saves up valuable things”
LUK 12 21 fst9 figs-metaphor μὴ εἰς Θεὸν πλουτῶν 1 is not rich toward God Jesus uses the term **rich** figuratively to mean using one’s time and possessions for the things that are important to God. Alternate translation: “has not invested in the things that matter to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 22 ihk2 figs-explicit εἶπεν…πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ 1 he said to his disciples Since Peter asks in [12:41](../12/41.md) whether Jesus has been speaking only to the disciples, or also to the crowd as well, the implication is that Jesus did not say these things to his disciples privately, as in [12:1-12](../12/01.md), but rather to them publicly so that the crowd could also hear. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he said to his disciples, as the crowd was listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 22 vim6 figs-explicit διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason The implication is that the **reason** is the lesson of the story, that it is foolish to be overly concerned about having a lot of food and possessions. Alternate translation: “In light of what this story teaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 22 cy4e λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “now listen to this carefully”
LUK 12 22 u1cf τῷ σώματι τί ἐνδύσησθε 1 about your body, what you will wear Alternate translation: “about having clothes to put on your body”
LUK 12 23 l775 figs-ellipsis ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστιν τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος 1 life is more than food, and the body than clothes Jesus leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “life is more than food, and the body is more than clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 12 23 y4qa ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστιν τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος 1 life is more than food, and the body than clothes This is a general statement of value. Alternate translation: “there is more to life than the food you eat, and there is more to the body than the clothes that you wear”
LUK 12 24 zx97 translate-unknown τοὺς κόρακας 1 the ravens This word refers to a large black bird and it can apply either to crows or to **ravens**. If your readers would not be familiar with either of those birds, you could use a general term. Alternate translation: “the birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 24 l776 figs-doublet οὐκ…ταμεῖον οὐδὲ ἀποθήκη 1 neither storeroom nor barn These two words mean similar things. Jesus may be using them together to express a general meaning. Alternate translation: “no place to store food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 12 24 y4t1 translate-unknown οὐκ…ταμεῖον οὐδὲ ἀποθήκη 1 neither storeroom nor barn These are places where food is stored. If your readers would not be familiar with either term, you could use a more general one. Alternate translation: “no place to store food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 24 i238 figs-exclamations πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμεῖς διαφέρετε τῶν πετεινῶν! 1 How much more valuable you are than the birds! This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus uses the exclamation to emphasize the point he wants his listeners to realize. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to realize how much more valuable people are to God than birds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 12 25 lsx8 figs-rquestion τίς…ἐξ ὑμῶν μεριμνῶν, δύναται ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ προσθεῖναι πῆχυν? 1 which of you by being anxious is able to add a cubit to his lifespan? Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “no one can make his life any longer by being anxious!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 25 n286 figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ προσθεῖναι πῆχυν 1 add a cubit to his lifespan Jesus is speaking figuratively of the **lifespan** as if it were measured in length rather than in time. Alternate translation: “make his life any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 25 l777 translate-unknown πῆχυν 1 a cubit A **cubit** is a measure of length equal to about half a meter, or about a foot and a half. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this length using the measure that is customary your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 25 l778 figs-explicit πῆχυν 1 a cubit The implication may be that since a **cubit** is a relatively short distance, it figuratively represents only a short time. Alternate translation: “even a little bit” or “even a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 26 hl4d figs-rquestion εἰ οὖν οὐδὲ ἐλάχιστον δύνασθε, τί περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν μεριμνᾶτε? 1 If then you are not able to do the least, why do you worry about the rest? Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “Since you cannot do even this small thing, you should not worry about the other things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 26 l779 figs-nominaladj ἐλάχιστον 1 the least Jesus is using the adjective **least** as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “such a very little thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 12 26 l780 figs-explicit τῶν λοιπῶν 1 the rest The implication in context is that Jesus is referring to having food to eat and clothes to wear. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “having food and clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 27 h293 κατανοήσατε τὰ κρίνα πῶς αὐξάνει 1 Consider the lilies—how they grow Alternate translation: “Think about how the lilies grow”
LUK 12 27 s8d3 translate-unknown τὰ κρίνα 1 the lilies The word **lilies** describes beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for this flower, you could use the name of a similar flower that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general term. Alternate translation: “the flowers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 27 u3mf translate-unknown οὐδὲ νήθει 1 neither do they spin In this context, to **spin** means to make thread or yarn for cloth. It does not mean to turn in a circle while standing in one place. If your readers might be confused by the term, you could explain the meaning with a phrase. Alternate translation: “and they do not make thread for cloth” or “and they do not make yarn for cloth” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 27 l781 But I say to you 1 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 12 27 nug5 figs-abstractnouns Σολομὼν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ 1 Solomon in all his glory This could mean one of two things. You could express the idea behind the abstract noun **glory** in either way. Alternate translation: (1) “Solomon, who had great wealth” or (2) “Solomon, who wore beautiful clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 12 27 l782 translate-names Σολομὼν 1 Solomon This is the name of a man, a great king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 12 28 rur9 figs-metaphor εἰ…ἐν ἀγρῷ τὸν χόρτον…ὁ Θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέζει 1 if God so clothes the grass in the field Jesus speaks figuratively of God making the wild plants beautiful as if God were putting beautiful clothing on them. Alternate translation: “if God makes the wild plants beautiful like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 28 l783 grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ…ἐν ἀγρῷ τὸν χόρτον…ὁ Θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέζει 1 if God so clothes the grass in the field Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it must be true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “since God makes the wild plants so beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
LUK 12 28 l784 figs-explicit τὸν χόρτον 1 the grass in the field While Jesus uses a term that typically means **grass**, in this context he must implicitly mean wild plants in general, since he is referring back to the wild lilies he has just mentioned. So you could express this with a general term in your translation. Alternate translation: “the wild plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 28 l785 translate-unknown τὸν χόρτον 1 the grass in the field It would be particularly appropriate to use a general term in your translation if your readers would not know what **grass** is. Alternate translation: “the wild plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 28 t9am figs-activepassive εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον 1 is thrown into the oven If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who does the action. Alternate translation: “someone throws it into an oven” or, if you decided to say “plants,” “someone throws them into an oven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 28 l786 figs-explicit εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον 1 is thrown into the oven The implication is that dried plant matter would be used for fuel, for heating and cooking. If your readers would not be familiar with this practice, you could describe it explicitly. Alternate translation: “people use it for fuel” or, if you decided to say “plants,” “people use them for fuel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 28 l787 figs-ellipsis πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς 1 how much more you Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “how much more will God clothe you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 12 28 gr4m figs-exclamations πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς 1 how much more you This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus is emphasizing that God will certainly take care of people even better than he takes care of grass. Alternate translation: “God will certainly clothe you even better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 12 29 q67w ὑμεῖς μὴ ζητεῖτε τί φάγητε, καὶ τί πίητε 1 do not seek what you might eat and what you might drink The word **seek** has a specific meaning hear. It does not mean to look for these things because they have been lost. Alternate translation: “do not concentrate on what you will eat and drink”
LUK 12 30 g8jy figs-explicit πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τοῦ κόσμου 1 all the nations of the world The term **nations** means non-Jewish people groups. The term **all** is not a generalization for emphasis. Jesus is saying that this is the way of life for any group that does not know God. Alternate translation: “all the people groups who do not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 30 ns35 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὑμῶν…ὁ Πατὴρ 1 your Father This is an important title for God. ((See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 12 31 gvj9 ζητεῖτε τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ 1 seek his kingdom As in [12:29](../12/29.md), the word **seek** has a specific meaning here. Alternate translation: “concentrate on God’s kingdom”
LUK 12 31 jni1 figs-activepassive ταῦτα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 these things will be added to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will also give you these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 31 l788 figs-explicit ταῦτα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 these things will be added to you In context, the expression **these things** refers to food and clothing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God will also give you the food and clothing that you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 32 eej3 figs-metaphor τὸ μικρὸν ποίμνιον 1 little flock Jesus refers figuratively to his disciples as if they were a small group of sheep or goats. The image means that as a shepherd cares for his **flock**, God will care for the disciples. Alternate translation: “my dear disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 32 e3tv guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. ((See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 12 33 rlg7 translate-unknown πωλήσατε τὰ ὑπάρχοντα ὑμῶν καὶ δότε ἐλεημοσύνην 1 Sell your possessions and give alms This culture referred to charitable donations or gifts to the poor as **alms**. Alternate translation: “Sell your possessions and give the proceeds to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 33 dc7m figs-explicit ποιήσατε ἑαυτοῖς 1 Make for yourselves The implication is that this will be the result of selling one’s possessions and giving the proceeds to the poor. Alternate translation: “In this way you will make for yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 33 l789 figs-parallelism βαλλάντια μὴ παλαιούμενα, θησαυρὸν ἀνέκλειπτον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 purses that will not wear out—unfailing treasure in the heavens These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them, especially if putting both phrases in your translation might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “treasure that will always be safe in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 33 xb63 translate-unknown βαλλάντια μὴ παλαιούμενα 1 purses that will not wear out If you would like to reproduce the figure of speech that Jesus uses, but you think your readers might not know what **purses** are, you could explain that term, or you could use the name of a different container that people in your culture use to keep valuable things safe. Alternate translation: “moneybags that will not get holes in them” or “a jar that will never break” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 33 am8q figs-metonymy βαλλάντια μὴ παλαιούμενα 1 purses that will not wear out Jesus is figuratively describing valuable things that will last by reference to **purses** or moneybags that will keep these things safe because they will never wear out. He makes this clear by speaking literally of **unfailing treasure** right afterwards. Alternate translation: “wealth that will always be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 33 h6qw θησαυρὸν ἀνέκλειπτον 1 unfailing treasure You could state this in a positive form. Alternate translation: “treasure that will always last”
LUK 12 33 t1fb figs-metonymy ὅπου κλέπτης οὐκ ἐγγίζει 1 where thief does not come near Jesus speaks figuratively of a thief **coming near** to wealth to mean stealing it. Alternate translation: “where no thief ever steals anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 33 e2nj figs-ellipsis οὐδὲ σὴς διαφθείρει 1 nor moth destroy Jesus leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and where no moth ever destroys anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 12 33 u258 translate-unknown σὴς 1 moth A **moth** is a small insect that eats holes in fabric. If your readers would not know what a **moth** is, you could use the name of a different insect they would recognize that destroys materials, such as an ant or termite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 34 ad29 figs-metaphor ὅπου…ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρὸς ὑμῶν, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν ἔσται 1 where your treasure is, there your heart will be also Jesus speaks figuratively of a person’s **heart** and **treasure** being in the same location. Alternate translation: “the things you value are the things you will think about and try to obtain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 34 l790 figs-metaphor ὅπου…ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρὸς ὑμῶν 1 where your treasure is Jesus uses the word **treasure** figuratively to mean what a person values. Alternate translation: “the things you value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 34 r26g figs-metaphor καὶ ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν ἔσται 1 your heart will be also The **heart** here figuratively represents the thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “are the things you will think about and want to have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 34 l791 figs-you ὑμῶν…ὑμῶν 1 your…your Jesus is speaking of each individual person’s values and desires, but **your** is plural because he is addressing the disciples as a group. You could use the singular form of **your** in your translation if that is what your language would do in a context like this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 12 35 c4j1 figs-parables ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι 1 Let your loins be girded To help his disciples understand what he has been teaching, Jesus provides an illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave his disciples this illustration to help them understand. ‘Wrap the lower part of your robe around your hips’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 12 35 nk2x translate-unknown ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι 1 let your loins be girded People in this culture wore long flowing robes. They would wrap the lower part of the robe around their hips to keep it out of the way while they engaged in physical activity. Alternate translation: “Wrap the lower part of your robe around your hips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 35 l792 figs-activepassive ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι 1 let your loins be girded If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Wrap the lower part of your robe around your hips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 35 l793 figs-explicit ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι 1 let your loins be girded The implication within the illustration is that a servant would do this in order to be ready to do any physical activity that was needed as soon as the master returned. Alternate translation: “Be dressed and ready to serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 35 l794 figs-you ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι 1 let your loins be girded Jesus is speaking of what an individual should do, but **your** is plural because he is addressing the disciples as a group. You could use the singular form of **your** in your translation if that is what your language would do in a context like this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 12 35 lh96 figs-activepassive καὶ οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι 1 and the lamps kept burning If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and keep the lamps burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 35 l795 figs-explicit καὶ οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι 1 and the lamps kept burning The implication within the illustration is that a servant would do this so that the house would be well lit when the master returned. Alternate translation: “and make sure that the house is well lit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 36 l796 figs-simile ὑμεῖς ὅμοιοι ἀνθρώποις προσδεχομένοις 1 you be like men waiting This is a simile. Alternate translation: “you should be like people who are waiting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 12 36 mhg8 figs-explicit ὑμεῖς ὅμοιοι ἀνθρώποις προσδεχομένοις 1 you be like men waiting The implication is that Jesus’ disciples should be like this as they wait for his return. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as you wait for my return, you should be like people who are waiting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 36 l797 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώποις 1 men Since household servants would probably include wommen as well as men, Jesus is likely using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 12 36 l798 πότε ἀναλύσῃ ἐκ τῶν γάμων 1 when he returns from the wedding Alternate translation: “for him to come home after a wedding celebration”
LUK 12 36 l799 translate-unknown κρούσαντος 1 knocks See how you translated the word “knock” in [11:9](../11/09.md). Alternate translation: “calls out” or “coughs” or “claps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 36 l800 figs-explicit εὐθέως ἀνοίξωσιν αὐτῷ 1 they may immediately open for him This refers to the door of the master’s house. It was the responsibility of his servants to open it for him. Alternate translation: “they can open the door for him right away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 37 qk47 μακάριοι 1 blessed are Alternate translation: “How good it will be for”
LUK 12 37 xiv7 οὓς ἐλθὼν ὁ Κύριος εὑρήσει γρηγοροῦντας 1 whom the master will find watching when he comes Alternate translation: “whose master finds them waiting for him when he returns” or “who are ready when the master returns”
LUK 12 37 l801 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 12 37 s3yd figs-explicit παρελθὼν διακονήσει αὐτοῖς 1 he will come and serve them The implication is that because the servants were faithful in their tasks and they were ready to serve their master when he arrived, the master will now reward them by serving them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will come and serve them as a reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 38 l802 κἂν ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ κἂν ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ φυλακῇ ἔλθῃ 1 Even if he comes in the second, or even in the third watch Alternate translation: “Even if he comes in the second or third watch of the night”
LUK 12 38 x25s translate-unknown ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ…φυλακῇ 1 in the second…watch The **second watch** of the night was from 9:00 p.m. until midnight. Alternate translation: “late at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 38 qa35 translate-unknown κἂν ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ φυλακῇ 1 or even in the third watch The **third watch** was from midnight until 3:00 a.m. Alternate translation: “or even after midnight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 38 l803 καὶ εὕρῃ οὕτως, μακάριοί εἰσιν ἐκεῖνοι 1 and finds them thus, blessed are those Alternate translation: “how good it will be for servants whom he finds waiting for him” or “how good it will be for servants who are ready when he returns”
LUK 12 39 l804 τοῦτο δὲ γινώσκετε 1 But understand this Jesus says this to encourage his disciples to think carefully about what he is going to tell them. Alternate translation: “Now I want you to think carefully about this”
LUK 12 39 l805 figs-parables εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης 1 if the owner of the house had known To help his disciples understand what he has been teaching, Jesus provides a further illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave his disciples this further illustration to help them understand. ‘If the owner of the house had known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 12 39 l806 figs-hypo εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης ποίᾳ ὥρᾳ ὁ κλέπτης ἔρχεται 1 if the master of the house had known at which hour the thief was coming The illustration that Jesus chooses involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose a thief were going to rob a house, and suppose the owner of the house knew when the thief was coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 39 v73u figs-idiom ποίᾳ ὥρᾳ 1 at which hour Jesus uses the term **hour** figuratively to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “when” or “at what time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 39 ej9m figs-activepassive οὐκ ἂν ἀφῆκεν διορυχθῆναι τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 he would not have let his house be broken into If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “he would not have let the thief break into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 39 ej9m figs-hypo οὐκ ἂν ἀφῆκεν διορυχθῆναι τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 he would not have let his house be broken into If you translated the earlier part of this verse as a hypothetical condition, you can translate this part as the result. You may want to make this part a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Then he would not let the thief break into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 40 p1y9 figs-idiom ᾗ ὥρᾳ οὐ δοκεῖτε 1 in that hour you do not expect Jesus is using the term **hour** figuratively to refer a particular time. Alternate translation: “at a time when you are not expecting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 40 dw4h figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται 1 the Son of Man is coming Jesus is referring to himself here in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will return” (and for the previous phrase, “at a time when you are not expecting me”) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 12 40 l807 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται 1 the Son of Man is coming See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah, will return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 41 i9d2 writing-participants εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Πέτρος 1 Then Peter said Luke says this to reintroduce **Peter** as a participant in the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could remind them who Peter was. Alternate translation: “Then Peter, one of his disciples, asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 12 41 l808 figs-inclusive ἡμᾶς 1 us By **us**, Peter means “me and the rest of your disciples” but not Jesus himself. So **us** would be exclusive, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
LUK 12 41 l809 figs-hyperbole πάντας 1 everyone Peter is generalizing to mean “everyone who can hear you.” Alternate translation: “everyone here” or “the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 12 42 l810 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 12 42 g8lu figs-rquestion τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστὸς οἰκονόμος ὁ φρόνιμος 1 Who then is the faithful, wise manager Jesus uses a question to answer Peter’s question indirectly. He means that he expected that those who recognized that they should be like faithful managers would understand that the parable had been about them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “I said it for everyone who would recognize that they should be like a faithful, wise manager” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 42 dxd2 figs-parables τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστὸς οἰκονόμος ὁ φρόνιμος 1 Who then is the faithful, wise manager In the course of using a question to answer Peter’s question indirectly, Jesus provides a further illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus gave Peter this further illustration to answer his question. ‘I said it for everyone who would recognize that they should be like a faithful, wise manager’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 12 42 mnn1 figs-metonymy ὃν καταστήσει ὁ Κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς θεραπείας αὐτοῦ 1 will appoint over his care Jesus refers to the other servants figuratively as the master’s **care**, by association with the way they care for him. Alternate translation: “will put in charge of his other servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 42 l811 figs-explicit ὃν καταστήσει ὁ Κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς θεραπείας αὐτοῦ 1 will appoint over his care The implication, as the rest of the parable makes clear, is that the master is making this arrangement temporarily and provisionally because he is going to be absent for a time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “will put in charge of his other servants while he goes away for a while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 43 g6xl μακάριος ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος 1 Blessed is that servant Alternate translation: “How good it will be for that servant”
LUK 12 43 h35t ὃν ἐλθὼν, ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ εὑρήσει ποιοῦντα οὕτως 1 whom his master will find doing so when he comes Alternate translation: “if his master finds him doing that work when he comes back”
LUK 12 44 i2cq ἀληθῶς λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 12 44 y47s ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν αὐτοῦ καταστήσει αὐτόν 1 he will appoint him over all his possessions Alternate translation: “he will put him in charge of all of his property”
LUK 12 45 cu5k figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν δὲ εἴπῃ ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, χρονίζει ὁ κύριός μου ἔρχεσθαι 1 But if that servant says in his heart, ‘My master delays to return’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But if that servant thinks to himself that his master is going to come back later than he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 45 l812 figs-hypo ἐὰν δὲ εἴπῃ ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ…καὶ ἄρξηται 1 But if that servant says in his heart…and begins The illustration that Jesus is using involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “But suppose that servant thinks to himself…and suppose he begins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 45 aku7 figs-metaphor εἴπῃ…ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 says in his heart The **heart** here figuratively represents the thoughts. Alternate translation: “thinks to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 45 l813 χρονίζει ὁ κύριός μου ἔρχεσθαι 1 My master delays to return Alternate translation: “My master is going to come back later than he said”
LUK 12 45 juc5 figs-merism τοὺς παῖδας καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας 1 the male servants and the female servants Jesus is figuratively using the two types of servants to mean all of the master’s servants. Alternate translation: “all the other servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 12 46 l814 figs-hypo ἥξει ὁ κύριος τοῦ δούλου ἐκείνου 1 the master of that servant will arrive If you translated the previous verse as a hypothetical condition, you can translate this verse as the result of that condition. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then the master of that servant will arrive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 46 j1m1 figs-parallelism ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 in a day that he does not expect, and in an hour that he does not know These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is likely using the repetition to emphasize that the return of the master will be completely unexpected by the servant. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases, especially if putting both of them in your translation might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “at a time that is a complete surprise to the servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 46 l815 figs-idiom ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ 1 in a day that he does not expect Jesus uses the term **day** figuratively here to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at a time when he is not expecting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 46 l816 figs-idiom ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 in an hour that he does not know Jesus uses the term **hour** figuratively here to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at a time when he does not think he will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 12 46 vg1d figs-metaphor διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν 1 will cut him in two Jesus likely means this expression figuratively, since if the master did this literally to the servant, he could not then reassign him to less important responsibilities. Alternate translation: “will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 46 l817 τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει 1 will…appoint his place with the unfaithful The term **unfaithful** likely means “untrustworthy.” The meaning seems to be that the master will assign this servant to less important responsibilities, along with other servants who have shown that they cannot be trusted with important ones. Alternate translation: “will give him unimportant responsibilities, like other servants who have shown that they cannot be trusted”
LUK 12 46 l818 figs-nominaladj τῶν ἀπίστων 1 the unfaithful Jesus is using the adjective **unfaithful** as a noun to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this expression with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “servants who have shown that they cannot be trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 12 47 p1l2 figs-hypo ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὁ δοῦλος, ὁ γνοὺς τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ ἑτοιμάσας ἢ ποιήσας πρὸς τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, δαρήσεται πολλάς 1 Now that servant, the one who knew the will of his master, and did not get ready or do according to his will, will be beaten much Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation. It may be helpful to use two sentences if you translate it that way. Alternate translation: “Suppose a servant knew what his master wanted him to do, and suppose he did not get ready or do what the master wanted. Then his master will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 47 aj41 τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ 1 the will of his master Alternate translation: “what his master wanted him to do”
LUK 12 47 im3v figs-activepassive δαρήσεται πολλάς 1 will be beaten much If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “his master will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 48 l819 figs-hypo ὁ δὲ μὴ γνοὺς, ποιήσας δὲ ἄξια πληγῶν, δαρήσεται ὀλίγας 1 But the one who did not know, and did things worthy of blows will be beaten little Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation. It may be helpful to use two sentences if you translate it that way. Alternate translation: “But suppose a servant did not know what his master wanted him to do, and suppose he did things that deserved punishment. Then his master will punish him lightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 48 nn9c figs-activepassive δαρήσεται ὀλίγας 1 will be beaten little If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “his master will punish him lightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 48 qg96 figs-parallelism παντὶ…ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρ’ αὐτοῦ; καὶ ᾧ παρέθεντο πολύ, περισσότερον αἰτήσουσιν αὐτόν 1 everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required from him, and to whom much has been provided, even more will be asked of him These two clauses mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them, especially if putting both of them in your translation might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “if someone entrusts many resources to a person, he will expect that person to produce much from those resources” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 48 ehu9 figs-activepassive παντὶ…ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required from him If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active verbal forms to express the meaning of the two passive verbal forms here. Alternate translation: “the master will require more of everyone to whom he has given much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 48 ir7m figs-activepassive ᾧ παρέθεντο πολύ, περισσότερον αἰτήσουσιν αὐτόν 1 to whom much has been provided, even more will be asked of him If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active verbal forms to express the meaning of the two passive verbal forms here. Alternate translation: “the master will ask even more of the one he has given much property to care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 49 qy62 figs-metaphor πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 I came to throw fire upon the earth Jesus is speaking figuratively of the effects of his ministry and teaching. In context, since he says contrastingly in [12:51](../12/51.md) that he did not come to bring peace to the earth, **fire** likely represents the passionate responses to him, both favorable and unfavorable, that would lead to the divisions he describes in [12:52–53](../12/52.md). Alternate translation: “My coming will lead to conflict among people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 49 l820 figs-metonymy τὴν γῆν 1 the earth Jesus says **the earth** figuratively to mean the people living on the earth. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 49 ygv3 figs-exclamations τί θέλω εἰ ἤδη ἀνήφθη 1 how I wish that it were already kindled This exclamation emphasizes how much Jesus wants this to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that this fire was already lit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 12 49 ygv3 figs-metaphor τί θέλω εἰ ἤδη ἀνήφθη 1 how I wish that it were already kindled This exclamation continues the metaphor of **fire** as conflict. Alternate translation: “how I wish that people were already taking sides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 49 l821 figs-activepassive ἤδη ἀνήφθη 1 it were already kindled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the fire was already burning” or “people were already taking sides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 50 k4e8 grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But Jesus uses this word to indicate that he cannot do what the previous sentence describes until after he does what this sentence describes. Alternate translation: “But first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 12 50 hn1j figs-metaphor βάπτισμα…ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι 1 I have a baptism to be baptized with Jesus speaks figuratively of **baptism** to describe how he must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. Alternate translation: “I must be overwhelmed by suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 50 l822 figs-activepassive βάπτισμα…ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι 1 I have a baptism to be baptized with If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “suffering must overwhelm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 50 r2yj figs-exclamations πῶς συνέχομαι ἕως ὅτου τελεσθῇ 1 how I am distressed until it is completed This exclamation emphasizes how distressed Jesus is. Alternate translation: “I am terribly distressed and will continue to be until my suffering is completed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 12 50 l823 figs-activepassive πῶς συνέχομαι 1 how I am distressed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “this suffering will continue to distress me terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 50 l824 figs-activepassive ἕως ὅτου τελεσθῇ 1 until it is completed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “until I have endured all of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 51 s32r figs-rquestion δοκεῖτε ὅτι εἰρήνην παρεγενόμην δοῦναι ἐν τῇ γῇ? 1 Do you think that I came to give peace on the earth? Jesus is not asking the people in the crowd to tell him what they think. He is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate these words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not think that I came to bring peace on the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 51 l825 figs-metonymy δοκεῖτε ὅτι εἰρήνην παρεγενόμην δοῦναι ἐν τῇ γῇ 1 Do you think that I came to give peace on the earth Jesus says **the earth** figuratively to mean the people living on the earth. Alternate translation: “Do you think that I came to make peace between people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 51 l826 figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνην…δοῦναι ἐν τῇ γῇ 1 to give peace on the earth If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **peace** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “to make people get along with one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 12 51 l827 figs-ellipsis οὐχί…ἀλλ’ ἢ διαμερισμόν 1 No…but rather division Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “No…I came to bring division instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 12 51 np4v figs-abstractnouns οὐχί…ἀλλ’ ἢ διαμερισμόν 1 No…but rather division If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **division** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “No…my coming will cause people to oppose each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 12 51 l828 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus uses this expression to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples and the crowd. Alternate translation: “I want you to understand that”
LUK 12 52 vrt5 figs-metonymy πέντε ἐν ἑνὶ οἴκῳ 1 five in one house Jesus uses the term **house** to refer figuratively to people who live together in a house, that is, to a family. Alternate translation: “five members of the same family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 12 52 l829 figs-activepassive διαμεμερισμένοι 1 divided If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “who will take sides against one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 52 fln4 figs-ellipsis τρεῖς ἐπὶ δυσὶν, καὶ δύο ἐπὶ τρισίν 1 three against two, and two against three Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from what he says figuratively earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “three of the family members will be on one side, and the other two will be on the opposing side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 12 52 l830 figs-parallelism τρεῖς ἐπὶ δυσὶν, καὶ δύο ἐπὶ τρισίν 1 three against two, and two against three These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “three of the family members will be on one side, and the other two will be on the opposing side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 53 qr7s figs-activepassive διαμερισθήσονται 1 They will be divided If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Family members will oppose one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 53 l831 figs-parallelism πατὴρ ἐπὶ υἱῷ, καὶ υἱὸς ἐπὶ πατρί 1 father against son, and son against father These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases and make them a sentence of their own. Alternate translation: “Fathers and sons will oppose one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 53 l832 figs-parallelism μήτηρ ἐπὶ τὴν θυγατέρα, καὶ θυγάτηρ ἐπὶ τὴν μητέρα 1 mother against her daughter, and daughter against her mother These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases and make them a sentence of their own. Alternate translation: “mothers and daughters will oppose one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 53 l833 figs-parallelism πενθερὰ ἐπὶ τὴν νύμφην αὐτῆς, καὶ νύμφη ἐπὶ τὴν πενθεράν 1 mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law, and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases and make them a sentence of their own. Alternate translation: “mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law will oppose one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 54 i84z figs-explicit ὅταν ἴδητε νεφέλην ἀνατέλλουσαν 1 a cloud rising in the west Clouds forming in this direction would indicate that rain was coming in Israel, because the sea was to the **west**. If rainstorms tend to come from a different direction in your region, you could use a general expression here. Alternate translation: “clouds forming in a certain direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 54 d3gk figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε ὅτι ὄμβρος ἔρχεται 1 you say, ‘A shower is coming’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that it is going to rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 54 l834 καὶ γίνεται οὕτως 1 and it happens thus Alternate translation: “and it does rain”
LUK 12 55 gq22 figs-explicit νότον πνέοντα 1 a south wind is blowing Wind coming from this direction would indicate that hot weather was coming in Israel, because the desert was to the **south**. If hot winds blow from a different direction in your region, you could use a general expression here. Alternate translation: “the wind is blowing from a certain direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 55 l835 figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε ὅτι καύσων ἔσται 1 you say, ‘There will be scorching heat’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that it is going to be very hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 12 55 l836 καὶ γίνεται 1 and it happens Alternate translation: “and it does get hot”
LUK 12 56 l837 figs-explicit ὑποκριταί! 1 Hypocrites! The implication, which Jesus draws out in the rest of this verse, is that people who could understand the weather from signs such as wind and clouds also ought to be able to understand what God was doing through Jesus from the signs surrounding his ministry. So if they did not welcome him, it was not because they did not see or understand these signs. Rather, it was because they were pretending not to see or understand them. Alternate translation: “You are pretending not to understand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 56 jdj7 figs-metaphor τὸ πρόσωπον 1 the face Jesus uses the term **face** figuratively to mean “appearance.” Alternate translation: “the appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 56 y3yj figs-rquestion τὸν καιρὸν δὲ τοῦτον, πῶς οὐκ οἴδατε δοκιμάζειν? 1 but how do you not know how to interpret this time? Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the crowd. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “so you ought to be able to understand what is happening right now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 57 w8rz figs-rquestion τί δὲ καὶ ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν, οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον? 1 And why do you not even judge for yourselves what is right? Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the crowd. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “You ought to discern on your own initiative what is right.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 58 y75j figs-hypo ὡς γὰρ ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου ἐπ’ ἄρχοντα 1 For as you are going with your adversary to the magistrate Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach the crowd. Alternate translation: “Suppose you owed someone money, and suppose they were taking you to court to collect it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 58 l838 figs-parables ὡς γὰρ ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου ἐπ’ ἄρχοντα 1 For as you are going with your adversary to the magistrate This hypothetical situation is also an illustration designed to help the people understand that they should be welcoming Jesus. Just as the debtor is going to be judged imminently, God is going to judge them imminently based on their responses to Jesus, and so they should make a positive response now, before it is too late. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave the crowd this illustration to help them understand. ‘Suppose you owed someone money, and suppose they were taking you to court to collect it’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 12 58 f1ea figs-youcrowd ὑπάγεις…σου…σε 1 you are going…your…you Even though Jesus is speaking to the crowd, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 12 58 t4v8 translate-unknown τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου 1 your adversary In the context of this story, this term means specifically an opponent in a legal proceeding. You could translate it with the equivalent term in your language. Alternatively, since the next verse indicates that the **adversary** is trying to collect a debt, you could describe him in a way that indicates that. Alternate translation: “your opponent” or “your creditor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 58 e7hz translate-unknown ἄρχοντα 1 the magistrate This is a general term for a person in legal authority. You can translate it with the equivalent general term in your language. Alternate translation: “the official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 58 b7sh figs-activepassive ἀπηλλάχθαι ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 to be released from him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “to settle the matter out of court” or “to have him forgive your debt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 58 l839 translate-unknown τὸν κριτήν 1 the judge This refers to the same person as the **magistrate**, but the term here is more specific and threatening. In your translation you can use the specific term in your language that describes someone with the power to deliver a verdict and pass sentence on a defendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 58 l840 translate-unknown τῷ πράκτορι 1 the officer In the context of the story, this term refers to a court official who was empowered to collect debts that a judge had ruled were owed and to put the debtor in prison if he did not pay. Your language may have a similar term that you can use. Alternate translation: “the bailiff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 12 59 wi7m figs-hypo λέγω σοι 1 I say to you Jesus uses this expression to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples and the crowd. If you translated the previous verse as a hypothetical condition, you could translate this expression as an introduction to the result of that condition. Alternate translation: “If that happens, then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 12 59 l841 figs-youcrowd λέγω σοι 1 I say to you Even though Jesus is speaking directly to the crowd, he is still addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular here and in the rest of this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 12 59 i124 translate-bmoney καὶ τὸ ἔσχατον λεπτὸν 1 the very last lepton An **lepton** was the smallest and least valuable coin in circulation in this place and time. It was equivalent to about a tenth of an hour’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might use the name of the least valuable coin in your culture, or a general expression. Alternate translation: “the very last penny” or “every bit of money that your creditor demands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 13 intro xaa2 0 # Luke 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus teaches with parables and heals (13:1–30)<br>2. Jesus speaks about Herod and Jerusalem (13:31–35)<br><br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Unknown events<br><br>The people and Jesus speak about two events that they knew about, but about which no one today knows anything except what Luke has written. These events are Pilate executing some Galileans in the temple, 13:1–2, and 18 people being killed when a tower collapsed in Jerusalem, 13:4. In your translation, you should tell your readers no more than what Luke tells about what happened. Your translation should tell only what Luke tells.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a statement that describes two things that seem as if they cannot both be true at the same time, but which actually are both true. Jesus speaks a paradox in this chapter: “Those who are least important will be first, and those who are most important will be last” (Luke 13:30)
LUK 13 1 t1fi grammar-connect-time-background δέ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what Jesus teaches next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 13 1 l842 writing-participants παρῆσαν…τινες ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ ἀπαγγέλλοντες αὐτῷ 1 some were present at that time who were reporting to him Luke uses this phrase to introduce new characters into the story. Alternate translation: “There were some people present at that time who were telling him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 13 1 wg2k figs-explicit ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ 1 at that time This implicitly means while Jesus was still teaching the crowds, as Luke said he was doing in [11:54](../11/54.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “while he was still teaching the crowds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 1 l843 figs-metaphor ὧν τὸ αἷμα Πειλᾶτος ἔμιξεν μετὰ τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν 1 whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices Luke is speaking figuratively about this event to indicate that the **blood** of the Galileans was shed at the same time as the blood of their animal **sacrifices**. Alternate translation: “whom Pilate had killed while they were offering sacrifices at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 1 fj2c figs-metonymy ὧν τὸ αἷμα Πειλᾶτος ἔμιξεν μετὰ τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν 1 whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices Luke uses the term **blood** figuratively to refer to the death of these Galileans. Alternate translation: “whom Pilate had killed while they were offering sacrifices at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 13 1 l844 figs-metonymy ὧν τὸ αἷμα Πειλᾶτος ἔμιξεν μετὰ τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν 1 whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices Pilate likely did not kill these Galileans personally. Rather, he ordered his soldiers to kill them. Alternate translation: “whom Pilate’s soldiers had killed as they were offering sacrifices at the temple” or “whom Pilate had ordered his soldiers to kill as they were offering sacrifices at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 13 1 l845 translate-names Πειλᾶτος 1 Pilate This is the name of a man, who was the Roman ruler of Judea in this time. See how you translated his name in [3:1](../03/01.md). His name occurs many times later in the book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 13 2 l846 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 answering he said to them Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to what the people in the crowd told him. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 13 2 zfa8 figs-rquestion δοκεῖτε ὅτι 1 Do you think that Jesus is using the question form to teach these people and the whole crowd. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not think that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 2 l847 ἁμαρτωλοὶ παρὰ πάντας τοὺς Γαλιλαίους 1 more sinful than all the Galileans Alternate translation: “more sinful than all the other Galileans” or “the most sinful of all Galileans”
LUK 13 2 l848 ταῦτα πεπόνθασιν 1 they suffered this Alternate translation: “this happened to them”
LUK 13 3 xl6m οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 No, I say to you Jesus uses this expression to emphasize what he is about to tell these people and the crowd. Alternate translation: “That is certainly not the case”
LUK 13 3 a3ez figs-explicit πάντες ὁμοίως ἀπολεῖσθε 1 you will all perish in the same way This statement seems to be similar to the one that Jesus makes in [19:41–44](../19/41.md), in which he says that if the Jewish people reject him and instead follow violent false messiahs, this will bring them into conflict with the Romans and they will be destroyed. That seems to be the implicit meaning here as well, and you could say that in your translation. Alternate translation: “you too will be destroyed by the Romans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 4 hj5w ἢ ἐκεῖνοι 1 Or those Jesus is giving a second example of people who suffered. Alternate translation: “Also consider those”
LUK 13 4 e2s8 figs-nominaladj ἐκεῖνοι οἱ δεκαοκτὼ 1 those 18 Jesus is using the adjective **18** (eighteen) as a noun, to refer to a certain group of people. Alternate translation: “those 18 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 13 4 p6r8 translate-names Σιλωὰμ 1 Siloam This is the name of an area in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 13 4 vg9j figs-rquestion δοκεῖτε ὅτι 1 do you think that Jesus is using the question form to teach these the crowd. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “do not think that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 4 at9i figs-metaphor ὀφειλέται 1 debtors This is a figurative way of describing someone as a sinner. Alternate translation: “sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 4 l849 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώπους 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 13 5 m77t οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 No, I say to you Jesus uses this expression to emphasize what he is about to tell these people and the crowd. Alternate translation: “That is certainly not the case”
LUK 13 5 ckc2 figs-explicit πάντες ὡσαύτως ἀπολεῖσθε 1 you will all likewise perish See how you translated the similar statement in [13:3](../13/03.md). In this case, the people whom Jesus is using as an example were not destroyed by the Romans, so the comparison does not include that detail. Alternate translation: “you too will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 6 sm1p figs-parables ἔλεγεν δὲ ταύτην τὴν παραβολήν 1 Then he spoke this parable Jesus now gives a brief illustration to help the crowd understand what he has been saying. Alternate translation: “Then he told them this story to help them understand what he had been saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 13 6 l850 writing-participants συκῆν εἶχέν τις πεφυτευμένην ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι αὐτοῦ 1 Someone had a fig tree planted in his vineyard This introduces a character in the parable. Alternate translation: “There was a man who owned a vineyard in which a fig tree had been planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 13 6 x42j figs-activepassive συκῆν εἶχέν τις πεφυτευμένην 1 had a fig tree planted If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “had planted a fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 6 l851 translate-unknown συκῆν 1 a fig tree A **fig tree** is a type of fruit tree that is common in the land of Israel. If your readers would not know what a fig tree is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a fruit tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 6 l852 writing-background ἦλθεν ζητῶν καρπὸν ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ οὐχ εὗρεν 1 he came seeking fruit on it, but did not find any This is background information that helps listeners understand what happens next in the story. Alternate translation: “he went to see if there were any figs on the tree, but there were none” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 13 6 l853 figs-go ἦλθεν ζητῶν καρπὸν ἐν αὐτῇ 1 he came seeking fruit on it You language might use a form of “go” here rather than a form of “come.” Alternate translation: “he went to see if there were any figs on the tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
LUK 13 7 l854 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν…πρὸς τὸν ἀμπελουργόν, ἰδοὺ, τρία ἔτη ἀφ’ οὗ ἔρχομαι ζητῶν καρπὸν ἐν τῇ συκῇ ταύτῃ, καὶ οὐχ εὑρίσκω. ἔκκοψον αὐτήν, ἵνα τί καὶ τὴν γῆν καταργεῖ? 1 he said to the gardener, ‘Behold, for three years I came seeking fruit on this fig tree and did not find any. Cut it down. Why is it even idling the ground?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he told the gardener to pay attention, that he had been coming for three years to look for fruit on the fig tree, but he had not found any, and so the gardener should cut the tree down because it was keeping the ground from being productive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 7 l855 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold The man uses the term **behold** to get the gardener to pay attention to what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 7 hg35 figs-rquestion ἵνα τί καὶ τὴν γῆν καταργεῖ? 1 Why is it even idling the ground? The man uses the question form to emphasize that the tree is useless and that the gardener should cut it down. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let it keep the ground from being productive any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 7 l856 figs-metaphor τὴν γῆν καταργεῖ 1 idling the ground The man speaks figuratively of the tree as if it were keeping the ground from working, since the ground would be productive if a different tree that actually was bearing fruit were in its place. Alternate translation: “keeping the ground from being productive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 8 pm3j ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει αὐτῷ 1 But answering he says to him To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “But he responded”
LUK 13 8 l857 figs-hendiadys ὁ…ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει 1 answering he says Together the terms **answering** and **says** mean that the gardener responded to what his master told him to do. Alternate translation: “he responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 13 8 l2ks ἄφες αὐτὴν καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔτος 1 leaveitthisyearalso Alternate translation: “wait one more year before cutting down the tree”
LUK 13 8 st4w translate-unknown βάλω κόπρια 1 put on manure The word **manure** means animal dung. In some places people mix it into the ground to make the soil fertile for plants and trees. If your readers would not be familiar with this practice, you could explain it, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “mix animal dung into the soil to enrich it” or “fertilize it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 9 w5qh figs-ellipsis κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον 1 If indeed it bears fruit in the coming one The gardener does not specify what he thinks the master should do with the tree if it does bear fruit, but you can supply that information from the context. Alternate translation: “If the tree has figs on it next year, then you can allow it to keep growing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 13 9 l928 figs-nominaladj εἰς τὸ μέλλον 1 in the coming one The gardener is using the participle **coming**, which functions as an adjective, as a noun. ULT adds the term **one** to show this. In context, this means “in the coming year.” If your language does not use adjectives this way, you can use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “next year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 13 9 j4ul figs-declarative ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν 1 you will cut it down The servant is using a statement to make a suggestion. He is not giving a command in the form of a future statement, as some languages allow speakers to do. Alternate translation: “you can have me cut it down for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 13 10 p3el grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 13 10 c3j8 ἐν τοῖς Σάββασιν 1 on the Sabbath Your language might use an indefinite article rather than the definite article here, since Luke does not specify which particular Sabbath day this was. Alternate translation: “on a Sabbath day”
LUK 13 11 l858 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 11 wn7u writing-participants γυνὴ 1 a woman Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a woman there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 13 11 hqj5 πνεῦμα ἔχουσα ἀσθενείας 1 having a spirit of weakness Alternate translation: “whom an evil spirit had been making weak”
LUK 13 11 l859 figs-nominaladj εἰς τὸ παντελές 1 to the complete Luke is using the adjective **complete** as a noun, to mean the woman’s full height. Alternate translation: “to her complete height” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 13 12 l860 figs-idiom γύναι 1 Woman Unlike the term **Man** in [12:14](../12/14.md), in this context Jesus uses the term **Woman** gently and compassionately. Alternate translation: “My dear woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 12 h6ne figs-declarative ἀπολέλυσαι τῆς ἀσθενείας σου 1 you are released from your weakness By saying this, Jesus healed the woman. You could express this in your translation with a statement that shows that Jesus was causing this to happen. Alternate translation: “I now set you free from your weakness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 13 12 l29y figs-activepassive γύναι, ἀπολέλυσαι τῆς ἀσθενείας σου 1 you are released from your weakness If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I now set you free from your weakness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 13 k3k1 figs-activepassive ἀνωρθώθη 1 she was straightened up If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “she stood up straight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 14 d8ir figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς…ἔλεγεν 1 answering…said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that the synagogue leader spoke in response to the healing he had just witnessed. Alternate translation: “responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 13 14 l861 ἓξ ἡμέραι εἰσὶν ἐν αἷς δεῖ ἐργάζεσθαι 1 There are six days in which it is necessary to work Alternate translation: “You must only do work on the first six days of the week”
LUK 13 14 ai1f figs-activepassive ἐν αὐταῖς…ἐρχόμενοι θεραπεύεσθε 1 come and be healed on them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “come and have Jesus heal you on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 14 qap4 τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 the day of the Sabbath Your language might use an indefinite article rather than the definite article here, since the synagogue ruler is not speaking of a specific Sabbath. Alternate translation: “on a Sabbath day”
LUK 13 15 l862 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 13 15 k7p8 figs-hendiadys ἀπεκρίθη…αὐτῷ…καὶ εἶπεν 1 answered him and said Together the two words **answered** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the synagogue ruler. Alternate translation: “responded to the synagogue ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 13 15 u6zr figs-explicit ὑποκριταί 1 Hypocrites Jesus is speaking directly to the synagogue ruler, but the plural form indicates that he is including other religious leaders as well. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You and your fellow religious leaders are hypocrites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 15 xt5y figs-rquestion ἕκαστος ὑμῶν τῷ Σαββάτῳ οὐ λύει 1 Does not each of you on the Sabbath untie Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. He is not asking his listeners to tell him whether they would do this. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “On the Sabbath, each one of you unties” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 15 ha7b translate-unknown τὸν βοῦν αὐτοῦ ἢ τὸν ὄνον 1 his ox or donkey These are domesticated animals. If your readers would not be familiar with what an **ox** or a **donkey** is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “his farm animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 15 kbj4 τῷ Σαββάτῳ 1 on the Sabbath Your language might use an indefinite article rather than the definite article here, since Jesus is not speaking of a specific Sabbath. Alternate translation: “even on a Sabbath day”
LUK 13 16 br72 figs-metaphor θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ 1 a daughter of Abraham Jesus is using the word **daughter** figuratively to mean “descendant.” Alternate translation: “a descendant of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 16 euq2 figs-metaphor ἣν ἔδησεν ὁ Σατανᾶς 1 whom Satan bound Jesus speaks figuratively of the evil spirit causing the crippling disease as if Satan had tied the woman up. Alternate translation: “whom Satan kept crippled by this illness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 16 l863 figs-metonymy ὁ Σατανᾶς 1 Satan Jesus figuratively calls the evil spirit **Satan**, by association with the leader of the evil spirits. Alternate translation: “this evil spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 13 16 mh31 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ, δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη 1 behold, for 18 years Jesus uses the term **behold** to emphasize the fact that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Your language may have its own way of emphasizing this. Alternate translation: “for eighteen long years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 16 g5b7 figs-rquestion οὐκ ἔδει λυθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσμοῦ τούτου τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου? 1 ought she not to have been released Jesus is using the question form to challenge the synagogue ruler’s assertion that people should not come for healing on the Sabbath. If it would be clearer in your language, you can translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “it is right to free her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 16 l864 figs-metaphor ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσμοῦ τούτου 1 from this bond Jesus speaks again about the women’s disease figuratively as if it had kept her tied up. Alternate translation: “from this crippling illness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 16 l865 τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 on the day of the Sabbath Your language might use an indefinite article rather than the definite article here, since Jesus is not speaking of a specific Sabbath. Alternate translation: “on a Sabbath day”
LUK 13 17 l866 figs-activepassive κατῃσχύνοντο 1 were put to shame If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “felt ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 17 r1jn figs-activepassive τοῖς ἐνδόξοις τοῖς γινομένοις ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 the glorious things that were being done by him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the glorious things Jesus was doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 18 wdq9 figs-parallelism τίνι ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τίνι ὁμοιώσω αὐτήν 1 What is the kingdom of God like, and to what will I compare it These two questions mean basically the same thing. Jesus uses the repetition to catch the attention of his audience. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the questions, especially if it might be confusing for your readers if you put both of them in. Alternate translation: “What example can I use to show you what the kingdom of God is like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 13 18 ua3y figs-rquestion τίνι ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τίνι ὁμοιώσω αὐτήν? 1 What is the kingdom of God like, and to what will I compare it? Jesus is using the question form as teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. It may be helpful to make this two sentences. Alternate translation: “I want to tell you what the kingdom of God. I am going to compare it with something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 18 l867 figs-abstractnouns τίνι ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 What is the kingdom of God like See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “what is it like when God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 13 19 g4hr figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν κόκκῳ σινάπεως 1 It is like a mustard seed This is a simile or comparison. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 13 19 l868 figs-parables ὁμοία ἐστὶν κόκκῳ σινάπεως 1 It is like a mustard seed This comparison is also a parable, a brief illustration designed to help the people understand what Jesus is teaching. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave the people in the synagogue this illustration to help them understand. ‘The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 13 19 x3p8 translate-unknown κόκκῳ σινάπεως 1 a mustard seed A **mustard seed** is a very small seed that grows into a large plant. If your readers would not be familiar with it, in your translation you can use the name of another seed like it, or you can use a general phrase. Alternate translation: “a very small seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 19 l869 figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπος 1 a man There are two possibilities here. (1) Jesus may be using the term **man** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “a person” (2) Since Jesus speaks in his next illustration of a **woman** doing something, he may be using a man and a woman in paired examples to offer a comprehensive teaching about the kingdom of God. In that case, it would be appropriate to say **a man** here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 13 19 wv4q figs-explicit ἔβαλεν εἰς κῆπον ἑαυτοῦ 1 took and threw into his garden In this culture, people planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in a garden. Jesus assumes that his listeners will know this. Alternate translation: “planted in his garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 19 avk2 figs-explicitinfo τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατεσκήνωσεν ἐν τοῖς κλάδοις αὐτοῦ 1 the birds of the sky nested in its branches In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could abbreviate it. However, you could also use an action clause to keep the sense of “sky.” Alternate translation: “birds built their nests in its branches” or “birds flew down and made nests in its branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 13 20 hn4n figs-rquestion τίνι ὁμοιώσω τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ? 1 To what will I compare the kingdom of God? Jesus once again uses a question as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am going to compare to the kingdom of God to something else.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 13 20 l870 figs-abstractnouns τίνι ὁμοιώσω τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ? 1 To what will I compare the kingdom of God? See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “I am going to use another comparison to show you what is it like when God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 13 21 ub44 figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ζύμῃ 1 It is like yeast This is a simile or comparison. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God is like yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 13 21 l871 figs-parables ὁμοία ἐστὶν ζύμῃ 1 It is like yeast This comparison is also a parable, a brief illustration designed to help the crowds understand what Jesus is teaching. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave them this further illustration to help them understand. ‘The kingdom of God is like yeast’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 13 21 l872 translate-unknown ζύμης 1 yeast See how you translated this term in [12:1](../12/01.md). Alternate translation: “leaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 21 wms4 figs-explicit ζύμῃ 1 yeast Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that only a little bit of **yeast** is needed to make a lot of dough rise. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a little bit of yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 21 wz5u translate-unknown ἀλεύρου σάτα τρία 1 three seahs of flour The term **seahs** is the plural of “seah,” a a dry measure equivalent to nearly eight liters or two gallons. You can express this quantity in terms of a measure that your culture uses, or you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a large amount of flour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 21 l873 figs-activepassive ἐζυμώθη ὅλον 1 it was all leavened If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the yeast caused all of it to rise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 22 bh87 grammar-connect-time-background καὶ διεπορεύετο κατὰ πόλεις καὶ κώμας 1 And he was traveling through cities and villages Luke provides this background information to help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now he was traveling through cities and villages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 13 23 l874 writing-participants εἶπεν…τις αὐτῷ 1 someone said to him Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “someone in one of those places asked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 13 23 l875 figs-idiom εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σῳζόμενοι? 1 if the ones who are being saved are few? This was an idiomatic way of asking a question. Alternate translation: “is God going to save only a few people?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 23 yf6h figs-activepassive εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σῳζόμενοι? 1 if the ones who are being saved are few? If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “is God going to save only a few people?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 23 l876 figs-explicit ὁ…εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 he said to them The implication is that a crowd had gathered to meet Jesus as he went through this place on his journey, and that the questioner was one person in the crowd. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus replied to this person and to the whole crowd that was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 24 i39q figs-metaphor ἀγωνίζεσθε εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τῆς στενῆς θύρας 1 Struggle to enter through the narrow door Jesus is speaking about God’s kingdom as if people had to go through a small doorway with great difficulty to enter it. Alternate translation: “work hard to overcome every difficulty that would keep you from entering God’s kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 24 l877 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is telling the crowd. Alternate translation: “you must understand”
LUK 13 24 l878 figs-you λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Even though Jesus is answering an individual’s question, he is talking to the whole crowd, so the word **you** is plural. The implied **you** in the command to **struggle** earlier in this verse is also plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 13 24 x137 figs-explicit πολλοί…ζητήσουσιν εἰσελθεῖν καὶ οὐκ ἰσχύσουσιν 1 many…will seek to enter, but will not be able The implication is that they will not be able to enter because it is so difficult. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “many of the people who try to enter the kingdom of God…will not be able to, because it is so difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 25 b35z figs-exmetaphor ἀφ’ οὗ ἂν ἐγερθῇ ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης καὶ ἀποκλείσῃ τὴν θύραν 1 After the master of the house gets up and closes the door Jesus extends the metaphor of the **door** by speaking of God at the time of final judgment as if God were the owner of a house and the people he is addressing were outside the house trying to get in. Alternate translation: “After God has admitted everyone who is going to enter his kingdom and is not letting anyone else in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
LUK 13 25 gk3c figs-you ἄρξησθε…ὑμῖν…ὑμᾶς 1 you will begin…you…you Even though Jesus is answering an individual’s question, he is talking to the whole crowd, so the word **you** is plural in all of these cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 13 25 l879 figs-quotesinquotes κρούειν τὴν θύραν λέγοντες, κύριε, ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν 1 knock on the door, saying, ‘Lord, open for us’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “knock on the door and ask the Lord to open it for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 25 jqh7 translate-unknown κρούειν τὴν θύραν 1 knock on the door See how you translated the word “knock” in [11:9](../11/09.md). Alternate translation: “call out” or “cough” or “clap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 25 l880 figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 us The people knocking on the door mean themselves but not the owner of the house, so if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive **us,** use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 13 25 l881 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς ἐρεῖ 1 will answer and say Together the two words **answer** and **say** mean that the owner of the house will respond to the people who are knocking on the door. Alternate translation: “will respond” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 13 25 l882 figs-quotesinquotes ἀποκριθεὶς ἐρεῖ ὑμῖν, οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς, πόθεν ἐστέ 1 he will answer and say to you, ‘I do not know you, where you are from’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he will respond that he does not know you or where you are from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 25 l883 figs-ellipsis οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς, πόθεν ἐστέ 1 Idonotknowyou,whereyouarefrom The owner is speaking in an abbreviated way. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could draw on the first phrase to supply the words that are missing from the second phrase, as UST does. Alternate translation: “I do not know you, and I do not know where you are from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 13 25 l884 figs-parallelism οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς, πόθεν ἐστέ 1 Idonotknowyou,whereyouarefrom The owner is also using repetition for emphasis. If this would not be clear in your language and your readers might wonder why he was saying the same thing twice, you could translate this with a single phrase that expresses the basic meaning. Alternate translation: “I do not know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 13 26 l885 figs-quotesinquotes ἄρξεσθε λέγειν, ἐφάγομεν ἐνώπιόν σου καὶ ἐπίομεν, καὶ ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις ἡμῶν ἐδίδαξας 1 you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your sight, and you taught in our streets’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you will begin to tell him that you shared meals with him and he taught in the streets of your town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 26 l886 figs-metaphor ἐφάγομεν ἐνώπιόν σου καὶ ἐπίομεν 1 we ate and drank before you The term **before** here figuratively means “in the presence” of another person. Alternate translation: “you were with us when we ate and drank” or “we ate and drank together with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 26 l887 figs-merism ἐφάγομεν…καὶ ἐπίομεν 1 ate and drank The people are figuratively using the two components of a meal to mean an entire meal. Alternate translation: “shared meals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 13 26 l888 figs-you σου 1 you Since the people are addressing the owner alone, the term **you** would be singular here, and also in any case where it is needed in your language as a pronoun for a verb, for example, **you taught**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 13 26 l889 figs-exclusive ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις ἡμῶν 1 in our streets Within the extended metaphor, the people are addressing Jesus, who was not from their town, but who taught them as he traveled through. So the people would consider the streets to be theirs but not his, and **our** would be exclusive, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 13 27 l890 figs-quotesinquotes ἐρεῖ λέγων ὑμῖν, οὐκ οἶδα πόθεν ἐστέ; ἀπόστητε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ, πάντες ἐργάται ἀδικίας 1 he will speak, saying to you, ‘I do not know where you are from. Get away from me, all you workers of unrighteousness’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he will reply that he does not know where you are from, and he will tell you to go away because you are evildoers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 27 l891 figs-explicitinfo ἐρεῖ λέγων ὑμῖν 1 he will speak, saying to you In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could abbreviate it. Alternate translation: “he will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 13 27 l892 figs-you ὑμῖν…πάντες 1 you…all you Since the owner of the house is speaking to the people outside, **you** would be plural in these instances. The implied “you” in the command to **get away** would also be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 13 27 l893 figs-explicit οὐκ οἶδα πόθεν ἐστέ 1 I do not know where you are from This is a shorter version of what the house owner says at first. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the implicit meaning in your translation. Alternate translation: “I do not know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 27 n39n ἀπόστητε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Get away from me Alternate translation: “Go away from here”
LUK 13 28 uhh8 translate-symaction ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 wailing and the grinding of teeth These are actions that indicate deep regret and sadness. If people in your culture would not express themselves in this way, you could use a general expression. Alternate Alternate translation: “actions that express great mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 13 28 l895 translate-names Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Ἰακὼβ 1 Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob These are the names of three men. See how you translated them in [3:34](../03/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 13 28 crf9 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 in the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “in the place where God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 13 28 ep1b figs-activepassive ὑμᾶς δὲ ἐκβαλλομένους ἔξω 1 but you are thrown out If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will have done the action. Alternate translation: “when God will have thrown you outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 29 wcg6 figs-merism ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν καὶ ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ νότου 1 from east and west, and from north and south Jesus speaks figuratively of all directions in order to include everything in between. Alternate translation: “from all over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 13 29 sbv1 figs-metaphor ἀνακλιθήσονται ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 will recline to eat in the kingdom of God Jesus speaks of the joy that people will share in God’s kingdom as if they were all having a feast. Alternate translation: “will feast together in the kingdom of God” or “will rejoice together in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 29 l896 translate-unknown ἀνακλιθήσονται 1 will recline to eat If you decide to translate this term literally, see how you did that in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “will take their places at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 29 l897 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 in the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [13:28](../13/28.md). Alternate translation: “in the place where God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 13 30 l898 figs-metaphor καὶ ἰδοὺ 1 And behold Jesus uses this expression to call attention to what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 30 lk75 figs-metaphor εἰσὶν ἔσχατοι οἳ ἔσονται πρῶτοι 1 there are last ones who will be first Being **last** figuratively represents being insignificant or unimportant, and being **first** figuratively represents being significant or important. Alternate translation: “people who are insignificant now will become very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 30 l899 figs-nominaladj ἔσχατοι 1 last ones Jesus is using the adjective **last** as a noun, to describe a group of people. ULT adds the word **ones** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are unimportant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 13 30 l900 figs-metaphor εἰσὶν πρῶτοι οἳ ἔσονται ἔσχατοι 1 there are first ones who will be last Being **first** figuratively represents being significant or important, and being **last** figuratively represents being insignificant or unimportant. Alternate translation: “people who are very important now will become insignificant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 30 l901 figs-nominaladj πρῶτοι 1 first ones Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun, to describe a group of people. ULT adds the word **ones** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this term with an equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who are important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 13 31 pe5i figs-idiom ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 At that hour Luke uses the term **hour** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “At that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 31 l902 writing-newevent ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 At that hour Luke also uses this time reference to introduce a new event in the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate the phrase in a way that shows how this next event follows the previous event. Alternate translation: “Soon after Jesus finished speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 13 31 l903 writing-participants προσῆλθάν τινες Φαρισαῖοι λέγοντες αὐτῷ 1 certain Pharisees approached, saying to him Luke uses this phrase to introduce new characters into the story. Alternate translation: “some Pharisees who were there came and told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 13 31 r41z figs-doublet ἔξελθε καὶ πορεύου ἐντεῦθεν 1 Leaveandgoawayfromhere These two expressions mean the same thing. The Pharisees are using repetition to emphasize how urgent they believe it is for Jesus to flee for his life. Alternate translation: “You need to get away from here right now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 13 31 l7fe figs-metonymy Ἡρῴδης θέλει σε ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Herod wants to kill you Herod would not kill Jesus personally. Rather, he would order people to do it. Alternate translation: “Herod plans to send his soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 13 32 l904 figs-quotesinquotes πορευθέντες εἴπατε τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ, ἰδοὺ, ἐκβάλλω δαιμόνια, καὶ ἰάσεις ἀποτελῶ 1 Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I am driving out demons and perform healings’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Go and tell that fox that I will certainly continue to drive out demons and perform healings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 32 l905 translate-unknown τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ 1 that fox A **fox** is a small wild dog. If your readers would not be familiar with what a **fox** is, you could use the name of a similar animal in your region, or a general expression. Alternate translation: “that little dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 32 af7k figs-metaphor τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ 1 that fox Jesus is referring to Herod figuratively as a **fox**. This could mean one of two things. (1) Since foxes need to rely on cunning to catch their prey, Jesus could be saying that Herod is devious. Alternate translation: “that devious person” (2) Since a fox is a small animal, Jesus could be saying that Herod was not much of a threat. Alternate translation: “that insignificant person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 32 l906 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to call attention to what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 32 l907 figs-idiom ἐκβάλλω δαιμόνια, καὶ ἰάσεις ἀποτελῶ σήμερον καὶ αὔριον 1 I am driving out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow The expression **today and tomorrow** is an idiom that means “at the present time” or “for now.” Alternate translation: “for now I will continue to drive out demons and perform healings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 32 l908 figs-synecdoche ἐκβάλλω δαιμόνια, καὶ ἰάσεις ἀποτελῶ σήμερον καὶ αὔριον 1 I am driving out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow Jesus speaks of two parts of his ministry, **driving out demons and performing healings**, to mean all of his ministry, which also included teaching and other things. Alternate translation: “for now I will continue to carry on my ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 32 l909 figs-explicit ἐκβάλλω δαιμόνια, καὶ ἰάσεις ἀποτελῶ σήμερον καὶ αὔριον 1 I am driving out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow The implication is that Jesus is saying he knows he does not need to be afraid of Herod’s deadly intentions, even though he is in territory that Herod rules, because God will keep him safe while he carries out his ministry. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I know that for now, with God’s protection, I can safely carry on my ministry even in Herod’s territory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 32 l910 figs-idiom τῇ τρίτῃ 1 on the third day In this culture, **the third day** meant “the day after tomorrow.” Jesus is using the expression as an idiom. Alternate translation: “at a short time in the future” or “soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 32 l911 figs-activepassive τελειοῦμαι 1 I will be finished If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. This expression could mean one of several things. (1) Jesus could mean that he will soon complete his work of teaching and healing. Alternate translation: “I will complete my ministry” (2) This expression can also refer to someone reaching a goal or destination. Alternate translation: “I will finish traveling through Herod’s territory and reach Jerusalem” (3) Jesus could be referring to a goal or destination figuratively, and mean that he will reach the end of his life. Alternate translation: “I will give my life as a sacrifice” (4) The expression can also describe someone reaching maturity or perfection of character, and if that is what it means hear, it would describe the character that Jesus demonstrated when he gave his life as the Savior. Alternate translation: “I will demonstrate supreme love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 33 p9za πλὴν δεῖ με…πορεύεσθαι 1 Nevertheless, it is necessary for me to journey Alternate translation: “But I must keep traveling”
LUK 13 33 l912 figs-idiom σήμερον καὶ αὔριον καὶ τῇ ἐχομένῃ 1 today, and tomorrow, and the following day This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “now and in the time just ahead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 13 33 nbk7 figs-irony οὐκ ἐνδέχεται προφήτην ἀπολέσθαι ἔξω Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 it is not possible for a prophet to perish outside of Jerusalem This could also mean “it is not acceptable.” Either way, Jesus is speaking ironically. The Jewish leaders claimed to serve God, and yet their ancestors killed many of God’s prophets in Jerusalem. Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. Alternate translation: “it is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders have killed so many of God’s messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 13 34 cac7 figs-apostrophe Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jerusalem, Jerusalem Jesus is figuratively addressing something he knows cannot hear him, the city of Jerusalem, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. Alternate translation: “I am very upset with the city of Jerusalem” or, if you decide to use the second person (see later note), “I am very upset with you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LUK 13 34 l913 figs-parallelism ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases. Alternate translation: “who kills the prophets God sends her by stoning them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 13 34 l914 figs-personification ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her Jesus speaks figuratively of the city as if it were female. Your language may customarily use neuter pronouns for cities. Alternate translation: “which kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 13 34 gb6w figs-metonymy ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her If your readers would find it strange that Jesus is addressing the city, you could make it clear that he is really speaking about the people who live in the city: “whose people kill the prophets and stone those sent to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 13 34 l915 figs-123person ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her Jesus speaks of the city in the third person, even though he is addressing it directly. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 13 34 zhg8 figs-activepassive τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 those who are sent to her If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “those God has sent to her” or “those God has sent to it” or “those God has sent to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 34 rj48 figs-exclamations ποσάκις ἠθέλησα 1 How often have I desired This is an exclamation and not a question. Alternate translation: “I have desired so often” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 13 34 q1i3 figs-metaphor ἐπισυνάξαι τὰ τέκνα σου 1 to gather your children Jesus is figuratively describing the people who live in Jerusalem as if they were the **children** of the city. Alternate translation: “to gather your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 34 l916 figs-you σου 1 your Even though Jesus is speaking of the people who live in Jerusalem, he is figuratively addressing the city, so **your** would be singular. The term **you** would also be a singular pronoun in any case where it is needed in your language as a pronoun for a verb, for example, **you were not willing**, and in the phrase “sent to you,” if you decide to use the second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 13 34 kb9t figs-simile ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις τὴν ἑαυτῆς νοσσιὰν ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας 1 the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings Jesus uses this comparison to describe how he wishes he could care for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “just as if I were a hen gathering her chicks under her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 13 34 l917 translate-unknown τὴν ἑαυτῆς νοσσιὰν 1 her brood The term **brood** refers collectively to all of the young offspring of a bird. Alternate translation: “her chicks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 13 34 l918 figs-explicit ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας 1 under her wings The implication is that a hen would put her baby chicks there to protect them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “under her wings to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 35 l919 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Jesus uses the term **Behold** to call attention to what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 35 l920 figs-pastforfuture ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house has been left to you Jesus is figuratively using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “your house will be left to you alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
LUK 13 35 w1v2 figs-metaphor ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house has been left to you Jesus speaks figuratively of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a **house** in which its people lived. Alternate translation: “your city will be left to you alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 35 l921 figs-activepassive ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house has been left to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God is going to leave your city to you alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 13 35 l922 figs-explicit ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house has been left to you The implications of this statement are that God will no longer consider that Jerusalem belongs to him, as a holy city where he dwells in his temple, and that God will therefore not protect the people of Jerusalem from their enemies. Alternate translation: “God will not protect you from your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 13 35 l923 figs-you ὑμῖν…ὑμῶν…ὑμῖν 1 your…you…you Jesus is now speaking directly to the people who live in Jerusalem, so **your** and **you** would be plural. The term **you** would also be a plural pronoun in any case where it is needed in your language as a pronoun for a verb, for example, “yousay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 13 35 l924 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν 1 Isaytoyou Jesus says this to emphasize what he is telling the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “you can be certain that”
LUK 13 35 x4y6 οὐ μὴ με ἴδητέ ἕως ἥξει ὅτε εἴπητε 1 you will certainly not see me until it comes when you say If it would be clearer in your language, you could make this a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the next time you see me, you will say”
LUK 13 35 l925 ἕως ἥξει ὅτε εἴπητε 1 until it comes when you say The expression **it comes** means “the time comes.” You could say that in your translation, or, if your language does not speak of time as “coming,” you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “until the time comes when you say” or “until the time when you say”
LUK 13 35 l926 figs-quotesinquotes ὅτε εἴπητε, εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 when you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “when you say that the one who comes in the name of the Lord is blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 13 35 v6lj figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord God’s **name** figuratively represents his power and authority. Alternate translation: “as God’s representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 14 intro xk3w 0 # Luke 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus attends a banquet and tells a parable about a banquet (14:1–24)<br>2. Jesus teaches more about being his disciple (14:25–35)<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Parable<br><br>Jesus told the parable in Luke 14:15-24 to teach that the kingdom of God will be something that everyone can enjoy, but many people will refuse to be part of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a statement that describes two things that seem as if they cannot both be true at the same time, but which actually are both true. Jesus speaks a paradox in this chapter: “For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted” (14:11).
LUK 14 1 dj2d writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 14 1 a3ya grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 14 1 l893 writing-pronouns αὐτὸν 1 he The word **he** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 14 1 lh8g figs-synecdoche φαγεῖν ἄρτον 1 to eat bread Luke refers figuratively to **bread**, one kind of food, to mean food in general. Alternate translation: “to have a meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 14 1 jst8 figs-explicit καὶ αὐτοὶ ἦσαν παρατηρούμενοι αὐτόν 1 and they were watching him closely The implication is that other Pharisees were also present, as [14:3](../14/03.md) indicates explicitly, and that they all wanted to find a way to accuse Jesus of saying or doing something wrong. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It might be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Many other Pharisees were present, and they were all watching Jesus closely to try to catch him saying or doing something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 2 l927 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 behold Luke uses the term **behold** to calls the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 2 f5gh writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις 1 a certain man Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a man there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 14 2 l4a1 translate-unknown ἦν ὑδρωπικὸς 1 who was edematous This means that the man had edema. That is a condition that causes swelling when water builds up in parts of the body. Your language may have a specific name for this condition. If not, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “who was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 2 l929 writing-background ἦν ὑδρωπικὸς 1 who was edematous Luke provides this background information about the man to help readers understand what happens in this episode. Jesus was facing the issue of whether to heal this man on the Sabbath, which the Pharisees thought was wrong. Alternate translation: “who was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 14 2 l930 figs-metaphor ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ 1 before him The word **before** here means “in front of” or “in the presence of” another person. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Jesus” or “where Jesus could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 3 l931 figs-explicit ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 answering Jesus spoke The term **answering** indicates that Jesus **spoke** in response to the situation that he observed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When he saw the man, Jesus spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 3 l932 translate-unknown τοὺς νομικοὺς 1 the lawyers See how you translated this in [7:30](../07/30.md). In this context, the term **lawyers** refers to experts in the law of Moses and its application to various situations. Alternate translation: “the experts in the Jewish law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 3 qak4 figs-rquestion ἔξεστιν τῷ Σαββάτῳ θεραπεῦσαι ἢ οὔ? 1 IsitlawfultohealontheSabbath,ornot? Jesus is not asking this question for information or to get guidance about what he should do. Rather, he is using the question to challenge the Pharisees and lawyers to think about the meaning and purpose of the Sabbath. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as an imperative. Alternate translation: “If you think the law does not permit healing on the Sabbath, explain why.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 14 4 pj9t οἱ δὲ ἡσύχασαν 1 But they kept silent Alternate translation: “But the religious leaders would not answer Jesus’ question”
LUK 14 4 l933 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Because the religious leaders made no objection to healing on the Sabbath, as a result, Jesus healed the man. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 14 4 x4lq writing-pronouns ἐπιλαβόμενος 1 taking holdofhim Alternate translation: “Jesus took hold of the man who was suffering from edema and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 14 5 l934 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 14 5 rr5z figs-rquestion τίνος ὑμῶν υἱὸς ἢ βοῦς εἰς φρέαρ πεσεῖται, καὶ οὐκ εὐθέως ἀνασπάσει αὐτὸν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 Of which of you will a son or an ox fall into a well, and he will not immediately pull him out on the Sabbath day Jesus does not expect these religious leaders to tell him whether they would do this. Rather, he is using the question form as a teaching tool. He wants these religious leaders to recognize that on the Sabbath day, they themselves would do something to address a situation of suffering and need. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. It may be helpful to make this two sentences. Alternate translation: “If one of you had a son who fell into a well on the Sabbath, surely you would pull him out immediately. You would even do the same thing for your ox.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 14 6 cti5 οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἀνταποκριθῆναι πρὸς ταῦτα 1 they were not able to give an answer to these things Alternate translation: “There was nothing they could say in response”
LUK 14 7 l935 grammar-connect-logic-result ἔλεγεν…παραβολήν…ἐπέχων πῶς τὰς πρωτοκλισίας ἐξελέγοντο 1 he was was speaking a parable…noticing how they were choosing the first places If it would be clearer in your language, you could reverse the order of the phrases in this verse, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Jesus noticed that those whom the leader of the Pharisees had invited to the meal were trying to sit in the seats for honored guests, so he gave them an illustration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 14 7 u86b figs-parables ἔλεγεν…παραβολήν 1 he was speaking a parable In this instance, Luke is not using the term **parable** to mean a brief story that teaches something true in a way that is easy to understand and remember. Rather, Luke means that Jesus gave the guests at this meal an illustration, in the form of a hypothetical situation, to get them to consider how they should behave at feasts. Alternate translation: “he gave them an illustration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 14 7 em4u figs-activepassive τοὺς κεκλημένους 1 those who were invited If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who had done the action. Alternate translation: “those whom this Pharisees had invited to the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 7 yd4g figs-metaphor τὰς πρωτοκλισίας 1 the first places The term **first** figuratively represents being important and honored. If you culture has a way of placing people at meals to show honor, you can use that in your translation. Otherwise, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the seats closest to the host” or “the seats for honored guests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 8 l936 figs-hypo ὅταν κληθῇς ὑπό τινος εἰς γάμους, μὴ κατακλιθῇς 1 When you are invited by someone to a wedding feast, do not recline to eat Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach the guests at this meal. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone invites you to a wedding celebration. Then you should not take your place at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 14 8 pd7w figs-activepassive ὅταν κληθῇς ὑπό τινος 1 When you are invited by someone If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “When someone invites you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 8 l937 translate-unknown κατακλιθῇς 1 recline to eat See how you translated this in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “take your place at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 8 l938 figs-metaphor τὴν πρωτοκλισίαν 1 the first place See how you translated this in [14:7](../14/07.md). Alternate translation: “in a seat for an honored guest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 8 l939 figs-nominaladj μήποτε ἐντιμότερός 1 a more honorable Jesus is using the comparative adjective **more honorable** as a noun. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a person who is more important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 14 8 m5b9 figs-youcrowd σου 1 you Even though Jesus is speaking to the crowd, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular in [14:8–10](../14/08.md). But if the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 14 8 t1r5 figs-activepassive ᾖ κεκλημένος ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 may have been invited by him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the host may also have invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 9 l940 translate-unknown ἐλθὼν, ὁ σὲ καὶ αὐτὸν καλέσας 1 when the one who invited you and him arrives In this culture, the host would come into the banquet hall after all the guests were seated. If the practice is different in your culture, you can use a general expression in your translation here. Alternate translation: “when the person who invited both of you sees the seating arrangements” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 9 ecp7 figs-idiom ἄρξῃ μετὰ αἰσχύνης τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον κατέχειν 1 you will begin with shame to take the last place Jesus uses the term **begin** idiomatically to suggest slowly unfolding, reluctant action. Alternate translation: “you will be ashamed and reluctantly have to take the last place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 9 gqa6 figs-metaphor τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον 1 the last place The term **last** figuratively represents being unimportant and not honored. If you culture has a way of placing people at meals to show honor, you can use that in your translation. Otherwise, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a seat far from the host” or “a seat for the least important person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 9 l941 figs-explicit τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον 1 the last place The implication is that this guest must go to the least important section of seats because all the other places have been taken in the meantime. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a seat for the least important person, since all the other seats will be taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 10 x5qh figs-activepassive ὅταν κληθῇς 1 when you are invited If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who who does the action. Alternate translation: “when someone invites you to a feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 10 l942 translate-unknown ἀνάπεσε 1 recline to eat See how you translated this in [14:8](../14/08.md). Alternate translation: “take your place at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 10 by81 figs-metaphor εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον 1 in the last place See how you translated this in [14:9](../14/09.md). Alternate translation: “among the least important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 10 l943 translate-unknown ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ κεκληκώς σε 1 when the one who has invited you comes In this culture, the host would come into the banqueting hall after all the guests were seated. If the practice is different in your culture, you can use a general expression in your translation here. Alternate translation: “when the person who invited you sees where you are sitting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 10 ck9k figs-metaphor προσανάβηθι ἀνώτερον 1 come up higher The host speaks figuratively of the more important places at the feast being **higher** than the less important ones. Alternate translation: “move to a seat for a more important person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 10 h5ee figs-idiom ἔσται σοι δόξα 1 there will be honor to you This is an idiom. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say who would make this happen. Alternate translation: “your host will honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 10 l944 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον 1 before all those reclining to eat with you The word **before** here means “in front of” or “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of all the other guests” or “as all the other guests are watching”
LUK 14 11 i5e7 ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν 1 who exalts himself Alternate translation: “who tries to look important” or “who takes an important position”
LUK 14 11 zrs1 figs-activepassive ταπεινωθήσεται 1 will be humbled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “will have to act humbly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 11 dk2c ὁ ταπεινῶν ἑαυτὸν 1 the one who humbles himself Alternate translation: “who chooses to look unimportant” or “who takes an unimportant position”
LUK 14 11 eki7 figs-activepassive ὑψωθήσεται 1 will be exalted If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “will receive honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 12 p9hc τῷ κεκληκότι αὐτόν 1 the one who had invited him Alternate translation: “the Pharisee who had invited him to his house for a meal”
LUK 14 12 v4uk figs-you ὅταν ποιῇς 1 when you make Even though this is general advice for everyone listening, the word **you** is singular here, and **you** and **your** are singular in all of [14:12–14](../14/12.md), because Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisee who invited him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 14 12 gmh6 figs-hyperbole μὴ φώνει 1 do not invite Jesus is probably not telling his host never to invite such people. Rather, this is likely a generalization that means he should invite others as well. Alternate translation: “do not invite only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 14 12 l945 figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου…τοὺς συγγενεῖς σου 1 your brothers…your relatives The term **brothers** probably refers figuratively to close family members, while the term **relatives** likely indicates more distant members of an extended family. Alternate translation: “your close family members…other relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 12 l946 figs-gendernotations τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου 1 your brothers If **brothers** is a figurative term, then Jesus is using it in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “your close family members” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 14 12 l947 μήποτε καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀντικαλέσωσίν σε 1 lest they also invite you in return Alternate translation: “because they might feel an obligation to invite you to a banquet of their own”
LUK 14 12 l948 γένηται ἀνταπόδομά σοι 1 and repayment happen to you Your language may require you to say who would make this happen. Alternate translation: “and they would repay you”
LUK 14 13 uc5f κάλει 1 invite It may be helpful to add “also” in your translation, since, as in [14:12](../14/12.md), Jesus probably does not mean to invite only these people. Alternate translation: “also invite”
LUK 14 13 abcf figs-nominaladj πτωχούς, ἀναπείρους, χωλούς, τυφλούς 1 thepoor,thecrippled,thelame,andtheblind Jesus is using these adjectives as nouns, to refer to groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who are poor, people with disabilities, people who are handicapped, and people who are blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 14 14 vpt9 figs-activepassive μακάριος ἔσῃ 1 you will be blessed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 14 r6cp figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἀνταποδοῦναί σοι 1 they do not have to repay you This expression does not mean that these people would not have a social obligation to return hospitality, the way others would. Rather, Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “they do not have the means to repay you” or “they cannot invite you to a banquet in return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 14 14 z4tv figs-activepassive ἀνταποδοθήσεται…σοι 1 it will be repaid to you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will repay you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 14 rd75 ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν δικαίων 1 in the resurrection of the righteous Alternate translation: “when God brings righteous people back to life”
LUK 14 15 cm12 grammar-connect-time-background καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 14 15 h4wu writing-participants τις τῶν συνανακειμένων 1 one of those who reclined to eat Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “another one of the guests at that meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 14 15 l949 translate-unknown τις τῶν συνανακειμένων 1 one of those who reclined to eat See how you translated the expression “recline to eat” in [14:8](../14/08.md). Alternate translation: “another one of the guests at that meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 15 a8pf figs-synecdoche ὅστις φάγεται ἄρτον ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 whoever will eat bread in the kingdom of God This man is using the word **bread** to refer an entire meal. Alternate translation: “anyone who is invited to the feast in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 14 15 gu4r figs-metaphor ὅστις φάγεται ἄρτον ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 whoever will eat bread in the kingdom of God This man is using the image of a feast to depict the joy that people will share in God’s kingdom. Alternate translation: “who will rejoice with others in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 15 l950 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 in the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [13:28](../13/28.md). Alternate translation: “in the place where God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 14 16 m4y2 figs-parables ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, ἄνθρωπός τις ἐποίει δεῖπνον μέγα 1 But he said to him, “A certain man made a large supper” To help this guest understand better what he has been teaching, Jesus tells a brief story that provides an illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “In response, Jesus told this guest a story to help him understand. ‘There was a man who prepared a large banquet’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 14 16 m7bc writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις 1 A certain man This introduces a character in the parable. Alternate translation: “There was a man who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 14 16 yrp5 figs-explicit ἐποίει δεῖπνον μέγα, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν πολλούς 1 made a large supper and invited many The implication is that this man had his servants prepare the meal and invite the guests. Alternate translation: “had his servants prepare a large banquet and go and invite many guests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 17 us3d figs-idiom τῇ ὥρᾳ τοῦ δείπνου 1 at the hour of the supper Jesus is using the term **hour** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time for the dinner” or “when the dinner was about to begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 17 xkp8 figs-activepassive τοῖς κεκλημένοις 1 the ones who were invited If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “those he had invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 17 l951 figs-quotesinquotes ἔρχεσθε, ὅτι ἤδη ἕτοιμά ἐστιν 1 ‘Come, because it is now ready’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that they should come because everything was now ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 18 eh3h grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 And This word introduces a contrast between what was expected, that all the invited guests would come to the dinner, and what happened, that they all declined to do that. Alternate translation: “But” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 14 18 l952 figs-ellipsis ἀπὸ μιᾶς πάντες 1 all from one Jesus is leaving out a word that this sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. This could mean a number of things, depending on what word is supplied, but the general sense is the same in every case. (1) “All from one mind” or “all from one voice,” that is, unanimously. Alternate translation: “all alike” (2) “All from one manner.” Alternate translation: “all in the same way” (3) “All from one time” Alternate translation: “all, as soon as the servant came to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 14 18 s9as παραιτεῖσθαι 1 to excuse themselves Alternate translation: “to give polite reasons why they could not come to the dinner”
LUK 14 18 l3r6 figs-explicit ὁ πρῶτος εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 The first said to him While **him** refers to the servant, the implication is that this first guest was giving the servant a message for his master, since it would be the master, not the servant, who would excuse him from attending the banquet. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The first guest whom the servant approached told him to give this message to his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 18 l953 figs-nominaladj ὁ πρῶτος 1 The first Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun, to refer to a person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “The first guest whom the servant approached” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 14 18 l954 figs-quotesinquotes ἀγρὸν ἠγόρασα καὶ ἔχω ἀνάγκην ἐξελθὼν ἰδεῖν αὐτόν; ἐρωτῶ σε ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 ‘I have bought a field, and I have need to go out to see it. I ask you, have me excused’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that he had just bought a field and that he needed to go out and look at it, so he wanted to be excused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 18 l955 figs-idiom ἐρωτῶ σε ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 I ask you, have me excused In this culture, this was a polite formula for declining a social invitation. If your language has a similar formula, you can use it in your translation. Alternate translation: “Please accept my apology for not being able to attend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 18 l956 figs-activepassive ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 have me excused If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “excuse me from attending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 19 d9p2 figs-explicit ἕτερος εἶπεν 1 another said See how you translated this in [14:18](../14/18.md). Alternate translation: “another guest told the servant to give this message to his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 19 l957 figs-quotesinquotes ζεύγη βοῶν ἠγόρασα πέντε καὶ πορεύομαι δοκιμάσαι αὐτά; ἐρωτῶ σε ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 ‘I have bought five pairs of oxen, and I am going to try them out. I ask you to have me excused’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that he had just bought five pairs of oxen and that he was going to try them out, so he wanted to be excused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 19 cd9b translate-unknown ζεύγη βοῶν…πέντε 1 five pairs of oxen In this culture, **oxen** were used in pairs to pull farming tools such as plows. Alternate translation: “five pairs of oxen to work in my fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 19 l958 figs-idiom ἐρωτῶ σε ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 I ask you to have me excused See how you translated this in [14:18](../14/18.md). Alternate translation: “Please accept my apology for not being able to attend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 19 l959 figs-activepassive ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 have me excused If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “excuse me from attending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 20 lf9h figs-explicit ἕτερος εἶπεν 1 another said See how you translated this in [14:18](../14/18.md). Alternate translation: “Another guest told the to give this message to his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 20 l960 figs-quotesinquotes γυναῖκα ἔγημα καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐ δύναμαι ἐλθεῖν 1 ‘Ihavemarriedawife,andbecauseofthisIamnotabletocome’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that he had just gotten married and so he could not come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 20 gy6v figs-explicitinfo γυναῖκα ἔγημα 1 I have married a wife In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could abbreviate it. Use the expression that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have just gotten married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
LUK 14 20 l961 οὐ δύναμαι ἐλθεῖν 1 I cannot come This is not the same polite formula that the previous two people used. This man feels he has solid grounds to decline the invitation, and he says so directly. Reflect this difference in the way your language naturally would. Alternate translation: “I will not be coming”
LUK 14 21 v7v7 figs-explicit ὀργισθεὶς 1 becoming angry The implication is that the host became angry with the people who had turned down his invitation, not with his servant. Alternate translation: “becoming angry with the people he had invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 21 s88p εἰσάγαγε ὧδε 1 bringinhere Alternate translation: “invite to come here and eat the dinner I have prepared”
LUK 14 21 l962 figs-nominaladj τοὺς πτωχοὺς, καὶ ἀναπείρους, καὶ τυφλοὺς, καὶ χωλοὺς 1 the poor, and crippled, and blind, and lame Jesus is using these adjectives as nouns, to refer to groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who are poor, people with disabilities, people who are blind, and people who are handicapped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 14 22 y4rb figs-explicit καὶ εἶπεν ὁ δοῦλος 1 Andtheservantsaid The implication is that the servant did what the master commanded him and then came back with this report. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “After the servant went out and did that, he came back and reported” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 22 l963 figs-quotesinquotes Κύριε, γέγονεν ὃ ἐπέταξας, καὶ ἔτι τόπος ἐστίν 1 ‘Master,whatyoucommandedhashappened,andthereisstillroom’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “that he had done what the master had commanded but there was still room at the banquet for more people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 22 dgt3 γέγονεν ὃ ἐπέταξας 1 whatyoucommandedhashappened Alternate translation: “I have done what you commanded”
LUK 14 23 l964 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν ὁ κύριος πρὸς τὸν δοῦλον, ἔξελθε εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμοὺς, καὶ ἀνάγκασον εἰσελθεῖν, ἵνα γεμισθῇ μου ὁ οἶκος 1 the master said to the servant, ‘Go out into the roads and hedges and compel them to come in, so that my house may be filled’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the master told the servant to go out into the roads and hedges and compel people to come in so that his house would be filled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 23 n9x7 figs-metonymy φραγμοὺς 1 hedges The word **hedges** describes boundary fences that enclose and protect fields and buildings. They may be made of bushes and shrubs growing closely together, or they may be made of wood or stone or similar building materials. The term could mean one of two things here. (1) Jesus could be referring to actual hedges. In that case, you could use the equivalent term in your language, or a general expression. Alternate translation: “boundary fences” (2) Since the term is paired with **roads**, it could figuratively mean the footpaths that run along hedges at the borders of fields. Alternate translation: “paths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 14 23 w5w6 figs-activepassive ἵνα γεμισθῇ μου ὁ οἶκος 1 so that my house may be filled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “so that guests may fill my house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 24 v5m6 figs-you λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐδεὶς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων τῶν κεκλημένων γεύσεταί μου τοῦ δείπνου 1 For I say to you that none of those men who were invited will taste of my supper While the word **you** is singular in [14:21–23](../14/23.md), since the master and the servant are addressing one another individually, here the word **you** is plural. It is not clear why. (1) One possibility is that it may be assumed that other servants have been helping and that the master is now addressing all of the servants at once. In that case, you could translate all of this as a statement by the master, using the plural form of **you** if your language marks that distinction. (2) Another possibility is that Jesus is using the expression **I say to you** to get everyone who is listening to the parable to pay attention to the master’s final words. In that case, you could show that Jesus is interrupting the master’s statement to address his listeners. Alternate translation: “‘For’—now listen carefully—‘none of those men who were invited will taste my supper’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 14 24 l965 figs-quotesinquotes λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐδεὶς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων τῶν κεκλημένων γεύσεταί μου τοῦ δείπνου 1 For I say to you that none of those men who were invited will taste of my supper If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. You could accommodate either possibility discussed in the previous note. (1) Alternate translation: “The master told all of his servants that he did not want any of the men he had invited to taste his supper” (2) Alternate translation, continuing the sentence from the previous verse: “because—now listen carefully—he did not want any of the men he had invited to taste his supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 14 24 liz5 figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων 1 those men The word for **men** here means “male adults,” not people in general. So it would be appropriate to use a specifically masculine term in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 14 24 n867 figs-activepassive τῶν κεκλημένων 1 who were invited If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “whom I invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 24 hl7q figs-metonymy γεύσεταί μου τοῦ δείπνου 1 will taste of my supper The master may be using the word **taste** figuratively to mean eating the meal. Alternate translation: “will enjoy the dinner that I have prepared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 14 24 l984 figs-hyperbole γεύσεταί μου τοῦ δείπνου 1 will taste of my supper Alternatively, the master may be making an extreme statement for emphasis. Alternate translation: “will get even a taste of the dinner that I have prepared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 14 24 l966 μου τοῦ δείπνου 1 my supper By this expression, the master does not mean his own meal, but the dinner that he has prepared for others. Alternate translation: “the dinner that I have prepared”
LUK 14 25 l967 grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 14 25 gv94 writing-newevent συνεπορεύοντο…αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοί 1 large crowds were journeying with him Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Jesus is no longer at the dinner at the home of the Pharisee. He has resumed his journey to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could introduce this new situation more fully. Alternate translation: “Jesus then continued on his way to Jerusalem, and large crowds were traveling with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 14 26 l968 figs-idiom εἴ τις ἔρχεται πρός με, 1 If anyone comes to me This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “If anyone wants to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 26 l969 figs-doublenegatives εἴ τις…οὐ μισεῖ…οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής 1 If anyone…does not hate…he is not able to be my disciple If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Only someone…who loves me more than…is able to be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 14 26 l985 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 and Jesus uses this word to introduce a contrast. Alternate translation: “but” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 14 26 rmt8 figs-hyperbole οὐ μισεῖ 1 does not hate Jesus is using the word **hate** figuratively as an exaggeration to say that his disciples are not to love other people and themselves more than they love Jesus. Alternate translation: “does not love me more than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 14 27 pm44 figs-doublenegatives ὅστις οὐ βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔρχεται ὀπίσω μου, οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής 1 Whoever does not carry his cross and come after me is not able to be my disciple If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Whoever who wants to be my disciple must carry his cross and follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 14 27 l970 figs-explicit βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ 1 carry his cross Jesus assumes that the crowds will know that the Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with crossbar that was set upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. Jesus assumes that the crowds will also know that the Romans made these criminals carry these wooden crosses through the streets to the place where they were going to be executed. Alternate translation: “carry the wooden cross on which he will be executed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 27 jn5u figs-metaphor βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ 1 carry his cross Jesus refers to this practice of execution figuratively to say that his disciples must be people who have given up their lives to God and who are willing to suffer. Alternate translation: “surrender his life to God and be willing to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 14 27 l971 figs-idiom ἔρχεται ὀπίσω μου 1 come after me This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “follow my example” or “obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 14 28 q3cx figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ ἐξ ὑμῶν θέλων πύργον οἰκοδομῆσαι, οὐχὶ πρῶτον καθίσας, ψηφίζει τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ ἔχει εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν? 1 For which of you, desiring to build a tower, does not first sit down and calculate the cost—whether he has for completion? Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool. Alternate translation: “If one of you wanted to build a tower, he would certainly sit down first and determine whether he had enough money to complete it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 14 28 l972 figs-hypo τίς γὰρ ἐξ ὑμῶν θέλων πύργον οἰκοδομῆσαι, οὐχὶ πρῶτον καθίσας, ψηφίζει τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ ἔχει εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν? 1 For which of you, desiring to build a tower, does not first sit down and calculate the cost—whether he has for completion? Jesus is offering the crowds an illustration that involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose one of you wanted to build a tower. Then you would certainly sit down first and determine whether you had enough money to complete it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 14 28 eyx4 translate-unknown πύργον 1 a tower This may mean a watchtower. In one of his parables, recorded in Matthew [21:33](../mat/21/33.md), Jesus uses this same word to describe a watchtower that a man built for a vineyard he was planting. Alternate translation: “a high lookout platform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 28 l973 figs-ellipsis εἰ ἔχει εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν 1 whether he has for completion Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “to see whether he has enough money to complete the project” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 14 29 qj4i figs-explicit ἵνα μήποτε 1 Otherwise If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the implicit meaning here. Alternate translation: “If he does not first calculate the cost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 29 axc7 translate-unknown θέντος αὐτοῦ θεμέλιον 1 whenhehaslaidafoundation See how you translated the word **foundation** in [6:48](../06/48.md). Alternate translation: “once he has built a base” or “once he has completed the lower part of the building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 29 ym3a figs-explicit καὶ μὴ ἰσχύοντος ἐκτελέσαι 1 andisnotabletofinish The implication is that this person was not able to finish the building because he did not have enough money. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but does not have enough money to finish the whole building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 29 l974 figs-hyperbole πάντες οἱ θεωροῦντες 1 all who see it This is a generalization that describes what the common reaction would be. Alternate translation: “those who see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 14 30 l975 figs-gendernotations οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 this man Since Jesus addresses his question in [14:28](../14/28.md) to the whole crowd, his illustration envisions all of them, so the term **man** here may be generic. Alternate translation: “this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 14 30 l976 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 and This word introduces a contrast between what the man planned to do and what he failed to do in the end. Alternate translation: “but” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 14 31 vp3u figs-rquestion ἢ τίς βασιλεὺς πορευόμενος ἑτέρῳ βασιλεῖ συμβαλεῖν εἰς πόλεμον, οὐχὶ καθίσας πρῶτον βουλεύσεται, εἰ δυνατός ἐστιν ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι τῷ μετὰ εἴκοσι χιλιάδων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπ’ αὐτόν? 1 Or what king, going to engage another king in war, will not sit down and first determine whether he is able with 10,000 to meet the one coming against him with 20,000? Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly a king who had 10,000 troops would sit down first and determine whether there was a way for him to defeat a king who was invading with 20,000 troops before going to battle against him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 14 31 l977 figs-hypo ἢ τίς βασιλεὺς πορευόμενος ἑτέρῳ βασιλεῖ συμβαλεῖν εἰς πόλεμον, οὐχὶ καθίσας πρῶτον βουλεύσεται 1 Or what king, going to engage another king in war, will not sit down and first determine figs-hypo Jesus is offering the crowds an illustration that involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Or suppose one king were going to fight a war against another king. Then he would certainly sit down first and determine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 14 31 tl37 βουλεύσεται 1 determine This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “think carefully about” or (2) “consult to his advisors to decide”
LUK 14 32 dpc5 figs-explicit εἰ δὲ μή γε 1 But if not If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the implicit meaning here. Alternate translation: “If he realizes that he will not be able to defeat the other king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 14 32 l978 ἔτι αὐτοῦ πόρρω ὄντος, πρεσβείαν ἀποστείλας 1 while he is still far away, sending a delegation Alternate translation: “while the other king is still far away, the first king sends a delegation and”
LUK 14 32 p5h6 τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην 1 the things for peace Alternate translation: “for terms to end the war” or “what the other king wants him to do so that he will not attack”
LUK 14 33 is32 figs-doublenegatives πᾶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ὃς οὐκ ἀποτάσσεται πᾶσιν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν, οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής 1 every one of you who does not renounce all the things that he himself possesses is not able to be my disciple If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “only those of you who give up all that you have are able be my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 14 33 f2he ὃς οὐκ ἀποτάσσεται πᾶσιν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν 1 who does not renounce all the things that he himself possesses Alternate translation: “is not willing to give up everything he owns”
LUK 14 34 tz7c figs-parables καλὸν οὖν τὸ ἅλας 1 Salt then is good To help the people in the crowd understand what he has been teaching, Jesus provides an illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus gave the crowd this illustration to help them understand. ‘Salt is certainly useful’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 14 34 l979 figs-activepassive ἐὰν…τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ 1 if the salt…is made tasteless If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “if something causes salt to lose its flavor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 34 l980 figs-activepassive ἐν τίνι ἀρτυθήσεται 1 with what will it be seasoned If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what can make it salty again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 14 34 cz52 figs-rquestion ἐν τίνι ἀρτυθήσεται? 1 with what will it be seasoned? Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool. He does not expect the crowd to tell him how the flavor of salt can be restored. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “nothing can make it salty again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 14 35 bp1b translate-unknown εἰς κοπρίαν 1 for the manure pile See how you translated this term in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “to use as fertilizer” or “to add to the compost heap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 14 35 n5a9 writing-pronouns ἔξω βάλλουσιν αὐτό 1 They throw it outside **They** does not refer to any individuals in particular. This is an indefinite usage. Alternate translation: “People throw it outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 14 35 u9h3 figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize that what he has just said is important and that it may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **ears to hear** figuratively represents the willingness to understand and obey, by association with the part of the body by which his listeners have been taking in his teaching. Alternate translation: “If anyone is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 14 35 c5fb figs-123person ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, then listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 14 35 l981 figs-you ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear If you choose to translate this in the second person, **you** would be plural, since Jesus is speaking to the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 15 intro p1ba 0 # Luke 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus tells parables about a lost sheep, a lost coin, and a lost son (15:1–32)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The parable of the prodigal son<br><br>The story that Jesus tells in Luke 15:11-32 is known as The Parable of the Prodigal Son, although he does not give the story that title himself. Most interpreters understand the father in the story to represent God (the Father), the sinful younger son to represent those who repent and come to faith in Jesus, and the self-righteous older son to represent the Pharisees. In the story, the older son becomes angry at the father for forgiving the younger son’s sins. He will not even go in to the party that the father is giving to welcome the younger son home. Jesus knew that the Pharisees wanted God to think that only they were good and not forgive other people’s sins. Jesus was teaching them that they would never become part of God’s kingdom if they continued to think that way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])<br><br>### Sinners<br><br>When the people of Jesus’ time spoke of “sinners,” they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins such as stealing or sexual sins. But Jesus told three parables (15:4-7, 15:8-10, and 15:11-32) to teach that the people who acknowledge that they are sinners and who repent are the people who truly please God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 15 1 yj6b grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 15 1 l982 writing-participants ἦσαν…αὐτῷ ἐγγίζοντες πάντες οἱ τελῶναι καὶ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ 1 all the tax collectors and sinners were coming to him to listen to him Luke uses this phrase to introduce new characters into the story. These people were part of the crowd that Luke described generally in [14:25](../14/25.md). Alternate translation: “many of the people who were coming to listen to Jesus were tax collectors and sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 15 1 ss52 figs-hyperbole ἦσαν…αὐτῷ ἐγγίζοντες πάντες οἱ τελῶναι καὶ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ 1 all the tax collectors and sinners were coming to him to listen to him The word **all** is an overstatement for emphasis. Alternate translation: “many of the people who were coming to listen to Jesus were tax collectors and sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 15 2 l986 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 2 l987 writing-participants διεγόγγυζον οἵ τε Φαρισαῖοι καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς 1 both thePhariseesandthescribes were grumbling Luke uses this phrase to reintroduce these characters into the story. While these may not be exactly the same individuals whom Jesus encountered in places such as [5:17–30](../05/30.md), the members of this group in general function as the same character throughout the story. Alternate translation: “some Pharisees and scribes were there, and they were grumbling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 15 2 dd9b οὗτος ἁμαρτωλοὺς προσδέχεται 1 This one receives sinners Alternate translation: “This man lets sinners into his presence” or “This man associates with sinners”
LUK 15 2 ec2r figs-explicit οὗτος 1 This one This expression implicitly means Jesus. Alternate translation: “This man” or “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 3 l988 grammar-connect-logic-result δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to indicate the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 3 ill7 figs-parables εἶπεν…πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην 1 hespokethisparabletothem Alternate translation: “Jesus told this story to the Pharisees and scribes to help them understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 15 4 pxm3 figs-rquestion τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν, ἔχων ἑκατὸν πρόβατα καὶ ἀπολέσας ἐξ αὐτῶν ἓν, οὐ καταλείπει τὰ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καὶ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τὸ ἀπολωλὸς, ἕως εὕρῃ αὐτό? 1 Which man among you, having 100 sheep and having lost one of them, will not leave the 99 in the wilderness and go after the lost one until he finds it? Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “If one of you had 100 sheep and lost one of them, he would certainly leave the other 99 sheep in the wilderness and go looking for the sheep that had wandered off until he found it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 15 4 l989 τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν, ἔχων ἑκατὸν πρόβατα καὶ ἀπολέσας ἐξ αὐτῶν ἓν, οὐ καταλείπει Which man among you, having 100 sheep and having lost one of them, will not leave figs-hypo 1 Jesus is offering the Pharisees and scribes an illustration that involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose one of you had 100 sheep and you lost one of them. Then you would certainly leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 15 4 m048 figs-123person τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν, ἔχων ἑκατὸν πρόβατα…ἕως εὕρῃ αὐτό 1 Which man among you, having 100 sheep…until he finds it Since Jesus begins the parable by asking, “Which man among you,” some languages would continue the parable in the second person. Alternate translation: “Which one of you, if you had 100 sheep…until you found it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 15 4 l990 figs-gendernotations τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν 1 Which man among you There are two possibilities here. (1) While all of the Pharisees and scribes who are grumbling are probably men, Jesus is describing what any person, man or woman, would likely do in this situation, and he is telling the parable for the whole crowd to hear. So the term **man** here may be generic. Alternate translation: “Which person among you” (2) Since Jesus speaks in his next parable of a woman doing something, he may be using a man and a woman in paired examples to offer a comprehensive teaching about the kingdom of God. In that case, the term **man** here would not be generic. Alternate translation: “Which of you men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 15 4 l991 figs-nominaladj τὸ ἀπολωλὸς 1 the lost one Jesus is using the participle **lost**, which functions here as an adjective, as a noun. ULT adds the term **one** to show that. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the term with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the sheep that had wandered off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 15 5 l992 figs-123person καὶ εὑρὼν, ἐπιτίθησιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους αὐτοῦ χαίρων 1 And having found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing If you decided in the previous verse that your language would continue this parable in the second person, use the second person here as well. Alternate translation: “Once you found it, you would very happily lay it across your shoulders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 15 5 xwa5 figs-explicit ἐπιτίθησιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους αὐτοῦ 1 he lays it on his shoulders This is the way a shepherd carries a sheep. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he lays it across his shoulders to carry it home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 6 g3f3 figs-123person καὶ ἐλθὼν εἰς τὸν οἶκον, συνκαλεῖ τοὺς φίλους καὶ τοὺς γείτονας 1 And coming to the house,hecallstogetherhisfriendsandhisneighbors If you decided that your language would continue this parable in the second person, use the second person here as well. Alternate translation: “And when you got back to your house, you would call together your friends and neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 15 6 l993 figs-quotesinquotes λέγων αὐτοῖς, συνχάρητέ μοι, ὅτι εὗρον τὸ πρόβατόν μου τὸ ἀπολωλός 1 saying to them, ‘Rejoice together with me, for I have found my lost sheep’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and tells them to rejoice with him because he has found his sheep that was lost” or, if you decided to use the second person, “and you would tell them to rejoice with you because you had found your sheep that was lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 7 l994 λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι 1 I say to you that Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell these Pharisees and scribes. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 15 7 k1l2 figs-explicit οὕτως 1 in the same way If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the implicit meaning here. Alternate translation: “just as the shepherd and his friends and neighbors would rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 7 k8k6 figs-metonymy χαρὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἔσται 1 there will be joy in heaven Jesus is using the word **heaven** figuratively to mean the inhabitants of heaven. Alternate translation: “everyone in heaven will rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 15 7 abcg figs-nominaladj δικαίοις 1 righteous Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 15 8 ly5c figs-rquestion τίς γυνὴ δραχμὰς ἔχουσα δέκα, ἐὰν ἀπολέσῃ δραχμὴν μίαν, οὐχὶ ἅπτει λύχνον, καὶ σαροῖ τὴν οἰκίαν, καὶ ζητεῖ ἐπιμελῶς, ἕως οὗ εὕρῃ? 1 what woman, having ten drachmas, if she would lose one drachma, would not light a lamp, and sweep the house, and seek diligently until she has found it? Jesus is using this question as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “if a woman had ten drachma coins and she lost one of them, she would certainly light a lamp, sweep the house, and seek diligently until she found it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 15 8 qr36 figs-hypo τίς γυνὴ δραχμὰς ἔχουσα δέκα, ἐὰν ἀπολέσῃ δραχμὴν μίαν, οὐχὶ ἅπτει λύχνον 1 what woman, having ten drachmas, if she would lose one drachma, would not light a lamp Jesus is offering an illustration that involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose a woman had ten drachma coins and she lost one of them. Then she would certainly light a lamp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 15 8 l995 translate-bmoney δραχμὰς 1 drachmas A **drachma** was a silver coin equivalent to a day’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might say something more general, or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “valuable silver coins” or “coins each worth a day’s wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 15 8 l996 figs-synecdoche σαροῖ τὴν οἰκίαν 1 sweepthehouse Jesus speaks of the whole **house** to refer figuratively to one part of it, the floor. Alternate translation: “sweep the floor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 15 9 l997 figs-quotesinquotes λέγουσα, συνχάρητέ μοι, ὅτι εὗρον τὴν δραχμὴν ἣν ἀπώλεσα 1 saying, ‘Rejoice together with me, for I have found the drachma that I lost’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and tells them to rejoice with her because she has found the drachma that she lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 10 wrs9 figs-explicit οὕτως 1 In the same way If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the implicit meaning here. Alternate translation: “Just as the woman and her friends and neighbors would rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 10 l998 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell these Pharisees and scribes. Alternate translation: “now listen carefully”
LUK 15 10 m8zl figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀγγέλων τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before the angels of God The term **before** figuratively means “in the presence” of someone. Alternate translation: “in the presence of God’s angels” or “among the angels of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 11 ib6s figs-parables εἶπεν δέ 1 Then he said To help the Pharisees and scribes understand what he has been teaching, Jesus tells a brief story that provides a further illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told the Pharisees and scribes this story to help them understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 15 11 c2t6 writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις εἶχεν δύο υἱούς 1 A certain man had two sons Jesus uses this phrase to introduce the main characters in the parable. Alternate translation: “There was a man who had two sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 15 12 l999 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν…τῷ πατρί, Πάτερ, δός μοι τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος τῆς οὐσίας 1 saidtohisfather, ‘Father,givemetheportionofthewealththatfallstome’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “told his father that he wanted the share of the estate that he would inherit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 12 y6uq figs-imperative δός μοι 1 give me The son wanted his father to give him his inheritance immediately. If your language has a command form that indicates that the speaker wants something done immediately, it would be appropriate to use that form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 15 12 m000 figs-idiom τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος τῆς οὐσίας 1 the portion of the wealth that falls to me This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the part of your wealth that you intend to leave to me when you die” or “the share of the estate that I would inherit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 12 m001 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 2 And Jesus uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 12 r2q7 διεῖλεν αὐτοῖς τὸν βίον 1 he distributed his livelihood to them Alternate translation: “he divided his wealth between his two sons”
LUK 15 13 m002 figs-litotes οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας 1 not many days This is a figure of speech that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “only a few days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 15 13 lu69 συναγαγὼν πάντα 1 gathered everything together Alternate translation: “packed all of his things”
LUK 15 13 ew56 ἀσώτως 1 recklessly Alternate translation: “without thinking about the consequences of his actions”
LUK 15 14 z99l grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Jesus uses this word to introduce background information that will help his listeners understand what happens next in the parable. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 15 14 kpb8 ἐγένετο λιμὸς ἰσχυρὰ κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 1 a severe famine happened throughout that country Alternate translation: “something happened so that the entire country did not have enough food”
LUK 15 14 y8mf ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 to be in need Alternate translation: “to lack what he needed” or “not to have enough to live on”
LUK 15 15 cdn2 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Jesus uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 15 y3bf figs-idiom ἐκολλήθη 1 attached himself to This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “began to work for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 15 k19m ἑνὶ τῶν πολιτῶν τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης 1 oneofthecitizensofthatcountry Alternate translation: “someone who lived in that country”
LUK 15 15 rxt4 βόσκειν χοίρους 1 to feed pigs Alternate translation: “to feed the pigs that the man owned”
LUK 15 16 m8zd figs-activepassive ἐπεθύμει χορτασθῆναι 1 he was longing to be satisfied If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “he wished he could satisfy his hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 15 16 pd3c translate-unknown κερατίων 1 carobpods These are the husks of beans that grow on the **carob** tree. If your readers would not be familiar with this tree, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “bean husks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 15 16 m003 καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐδίδου αὐτῷ 1 and no one gave to him This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: “because no one was giving him anything else to eat” or “but his master would not allow him to eat even those”
LUK 15 17 x4jc figs-idiom εἰς ἑαυτὸν…ἐλθὼν 1 coming to himself This idiom means that he became able to understand his situation clearly and realized that he had made a terrible mistake. Alternate translation: “realizing the situation he was in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 17 m004 figs-quotesinquotes ἔφη, πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι 1 he said, ‘How many hired servants of my father have more than enough bread, but I am perishing from hunger here’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he told himself that all of his father’s hired servants had more than enough food to eat, but he was perishing from hunger where he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 17 xw1a figs-exclamations πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι 1 How many hired servants of my father have more than enough bread, but I am perishing from hunger here This is an exclamation, not a question. Alternate translation: “All of my father’s hired servants have more than enough food to eat, but I am perishing from hunger here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 15 17 m005 figs-synecdoche ἄρτων 1 bread The young man is using one kind of food, **bread**, figuratively to mean food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 15 17 tal2 figs-hyperbole λιμῷ…ἀπόλλυμαι 1 I am perishing from hunger This could mean one of two things. (1) It could be a figurative overstatement for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have so little to eat” (2) The young man may literally have been starving. Alternate translation: “I am about to die of starvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 15 18 m006 figs-quotesinquotes ἀναστὰς, πορεύσομαι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου, καὶ ἐρῶ αὐτῷ, Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου 1 I will get up and go to my father, and I will say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, and then another quotation within that one. Alternate translation: “He decided that he would leave that place and go to his father and tell him that he had sinned against God and directly against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 18 m007 figs-idiom ἀναστὰς 1 get up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “leave this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 18 m4pj figs-euphemism τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 heaven In order to honor the commandment not to misuse God’s name, Jewish people often avoided saying the word “God” and used the word **heaven** instead. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 15 18 m008 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιόν 1 before The term **before** figuratively means “in the presence” of another person. In the speech he is planning, the younger son makes a distinction between the way he has sinned **against** heaven, by committing many sins, and **before** his father, by causing him personal shame and loss. Alternate translation: “directly against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 19 m009 figs-quotesinquotes οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου. ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου 1 Iamnolongerworthytobecalledyourson;makemeasoneofyourhiredservants If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that it is not a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He decided he would tell his father that he did not deserve to be his son any more, but that he hoped he would hire him as one of his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 19 aug2 figs-activepassive οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 1 I am no longer worthy to be called your son If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “I am no longer worthy for you to call me your son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 15 19 m010 figs-idiom κληθῆναι 1 to be called This expression could also be an idiom that means “to be.” See how you translated it in [1:32](../01/32.md), [1:76](../01/76.md), and [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 19 up55 figs-imperative ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου 1 make me as one of your hired servants This is a request, not a command. To show that, it may be helpful to add “please,” as UST does. Alternate translation: “please hire me as one of your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 15 20 m43r grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentences described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 20 m011 figs-idiom ἀναστὰς 1 hegotup This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he left that place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 20 za3c ἔτι δὲ αὐτοῦ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος 1 while he was still far away This does not mean that the younger son was still in the other country. Alternate translation: “while he was still at a great distance from his father’s house”
LUK 15 20 a7ls figs-activepassive ἐσπλαγχνίσθη 1 wasmovedwithcompassion If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “had pity on him” or “loved him deeply from his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 15 20 z7p3 translate-symaction ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν 1 fell upon his neck, and kissed him The father did these things to show his son that he loved him and that he was glad he was coming home. If men in your culture would not show affection to their sons in this way, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “welcomed him affectionately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 15 20 m012 figs-idiom ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ 1 fell upon his neck This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “gave him a hug” or “hugged him tightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 21 m013 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν δὲ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτῷ, Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου; οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 1 Then the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and in your sight. I am no longer worthy to be called your son’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that it is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Then the son told his father that he had sinned against God and directly against him, and that he did not deserve to be his son any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 21 xz93 figs-euphemism τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 heaven In order to honor the commandment not to misuse God’s name, Jewish people often avoided saying the word “God” and used the word **heaven** instead. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LUK 15 21 m014 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιόν 1 before The term **before** figuratively means “in the presence” of another person. The young man is making a distinction between the way he has sinned **against** heaven, by committing many sins, and **before** his father, by causing him personal shame and loss. Alternate translation: “directly against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 21 qxg5 figs-activepassive οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 1 I am no longer worthy to be called your son If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “I am no longer worthy for you to call me your son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 15 21 m015 figs-idiom κληθῆναι 1 to be called This expression could also be an idiom that means “to be.” See how you translated it in [1:32](../01/32.md), [1:76](../01/76.md), and [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 15 22 m016 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν δὲ ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ, ταχὺ ἐξενέγκατε στολὴν τὴν πρώτην, καὶ ἐνδύσατε αὐτόν, καὶ δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὑποδήματα εἰς τοὺς πόδας 1 But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring quickly the best robe, and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and sandals on his feet If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that it is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But the father told his servants quickly to bring the best robe they had and put it on his son, and to put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 22 m017 figs-you ἐξενέγκατε…ἐνδύσατε…δότε 1 bring…clothe…put Since the father is speaking to a number of servants, the implied **you** in these imperatives would be plural. Your language may need to show that distinction explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 15 22 nlx9 translate-symaction στολὴν τὴν πρώτην…δακτύλιον…ὑποδήματα 1 the first robe…a ring…sandals By having his servants put these things on his son, the father was showing that he was welcoming his son back as a member of the family in good standing. These were all signs of status, authority, and privilege. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in some way in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 15 22 b3hv figs-metaphor στολὴν τὴν πρώτην 1 the first robe As in [14:7](../14/07.md), here the word **first** figuratively means “best.” Alternate translation: “the best robe we have” or “the festive garment we save for special occasions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 22 m018 figs-synecdoche δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ 1 put a ring on his hand The father figuratively says **hand** to mean one part of the hand, a finger. Alternate translation: “put a ring on his finger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 15 22 xat6 figs-explicit ὑποδήματα 1 sandals At this time, people who could afford them wore **sandals**. Poorer people went barefoot. The modern equivalent in many cultures would be shoes. Alternate translation: “shoes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 23 m019 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ φέρετε τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν, θύσατε, καὶ φαγόντες εὐφρανθῶμεν 1 And bring the fattened calf, slaughter it, and let us eat and celebrate If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that it is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He also told his servants to bring the calf they had been fattening and butcher it so that they could have a celebration feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 23 m020 figs-you φέρετε…θύσατε 1 bring…slaughter Since the father is speaking to a number of servants, the implied **you** in these imperatives would be plural. Your language may need to show that distinction explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 15 23 ll8j translate-unknown μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν 1 the fattened calf A **calf** is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then, when they wanted to have a special feast, they would butcher and eat that calf. If your readers would not know what a **calf** or a cow is, or if a description of eating a cow would be offensive to them, you could use a general expression here. Alternate translation: “the young animal we have been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 15 23 t3cu figs-explicit θύσατε 1 kill In this context, the term **kill** means to slaughter an animal and prepare its meat to be eaten. The implication is that the servants were also to cook the meat for the feast that the father wanted to have. Alternate translation: “butcher and cook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 23 m021 figs-hendiadys φαγόντες εὐφρανθῶμεν 1 let us eat and celebrate The phrase **eat and celebrate** expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **eat** indicates how the father wants to **celebrate** his son’s homecoming. Alternate translation: “celebrate by having a feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 15 23 m022 figs-exclusive φαγόντες εὐφρανθῶμεν 1 let us eat and celebrate The word **us** includes the addresses, since the father means the whole household, including the servants he is speaking to. So use the inclusive form of **us** in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Other langauges might say “all of us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 15 24 m023 figs-quotesinquotes ὅτι οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησεν, ἦν ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη 1 ‘For this son of mine was dead, and has come back to life; he was lost, and has been found’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that it is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “The father said that it was as if his son had died and come back to life, as if he had lost him and found him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 24 ubz3 figs-metaphor ὁ υἱός μου νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησεν 1 this son of mine was dead, and has come back to life The father says figuratively that when his **son** was in the faraway country, it was as if the he was **dead**. You could translate this as a simile or comparison if your readers might otherwise take the father’s statement to mean that the son actually had died. Alternate translation: “it was as if my son had died, but now I see he is very much alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 24 izx2 figs-metaphor ἦν ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη 1 he was lost, and has been found The father says figuratively that when his **son** was in faraway country, it was as if he was **lost** and no one knew where to find him. You could translate this as a simile or comparison if your readers might otherwise take the father’s statement to mean that the son actually had been missing. Alternate translation: “it was as if my son was missing, but now I have found him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 24 m024 figs-activepassive εὑρέθη 1 he…has been found If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “I have found him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 15 24 m025 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ ἤρξαντο εὐφραίνεσθαι 1 And they began to celebrate **And** introduces the results of what the previous sentence described. The servants carried out the father’s orders and prepared a feast, and the people in the household then began to enjoy it. Alternate translation: “Then they began to celebrate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 25 jd7l grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 Now Jesus uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 15 25 bk6d figs-explicit ἦν…ἐν ἀγρῷ 1 was in the field The implication was that he was out in the field because he was working there. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “was out working in the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 25 m026 figs-explicit ὡς ἐρχόμενος 1 as he came Alternate translation: “as he came back home from the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 25 m027 figs-metonymy ἤκουσεν συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν 1 heheardmusicanddancing The older son could not literally hear **dancing**, so Jesus is using the term **heard** figuratively in that case. Alternate translation: “he heard music and the sound of people dancing” or “he heard music and could tell that people were dancing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 15 26 m028 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Jesus uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. When the older son heard these sounds, he wondered what was going on, so he called for a servant and asked him. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 26 m029 figs-explicit ἕνα τῶν παίδων 1 one of the servants The word that is translated as **servant** here ordinarily means “boy.” Here it may indicate that the servant was young. Alternate translation: “a young servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 27 m030 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἥκει, καὶ ἔθυσεν ὁ πατήρ σου τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν, ὅτι ὑγιαίνοντα αὐτὸν ἀπέλαβεν 1 And he said to him, ‘Your brother has come and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has received him back in good health If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “The servant told him that his brother had come home and that his father had killed the fattened calf because he had received him back in good health” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 27 m031 figs-metonymy ἔθυσεν ὁ πατήρ σου τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν 1 your father haskilledthefattenedcalf The father did not do this personally. Alternate translation: “your father ordered us to butcher and cook the fattened calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 15 27 m032 figs-metonymy ἔθυσεν ὁ πατήρ σου τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν 1 your father haskilledthefattenedcalf The implication, as the father says explicitly in [15:23](../15/23.md), was that this was in order to have a celebration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “your father ordered us to butcher and cook the fattened calf so we could have a celebration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 15 27 r8py translate-unknown τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν 1 the fattened calf See how you translated this in [15:23](../15/23.md). Alternate translation: “the young animal we had been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 15 27 m033 ὅτι ὑγιαίνοντα αὐτὸν ἀπέλαβεν 1 because he has received him in good health Alternate translation: “because his son has come home safely”
LUK 15 28 m034 grammar-connect-logic-result ὁ δὲ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἐξελθὼν παρεκάλει αὐτόν 1 and his father came out and entreated him Jesus uses the term **and** here to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So his father came outside and pleaded with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 15 29 m035 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ, ἰδοὺ, τοσαῦτα ἔτη δουλεύω σοι, καὶ οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον, καὶ ἐμοὶ οὐδέποτε ἔδωκας ἔριφον, ἵνα μετὰ τῶν φίλων μου εὐφρανθῶ 1 But answering he said to his father, ‘Behold, for so many years I am slaving for you, and I have never disregarded your command, and you never gave a young goat to me so that I might celebrate with my friends If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But he responded to his father that even though he had been slaving for him for so many years and had never disobeyed one of his commands, his father had never given him a young goat so that he could celebrate with his friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 29 m036 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν 1 answering he said Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that the older son said what follows in response to his father’s pleadings. Alternate translation: “he responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 15 29 m037 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold The older son uses this term to get his father to focus his attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 29 f8w9 figs-metaphor δουλεύω σοι 1 I am slaving for you To emphasize how hard he believes he has worked for his father, the older son figuratively describes himself as a slave. You could translate this metaphor as a simile. Alternate translation: “I have been working like a slave for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 29 m038 figs-doublenegatives οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον 1 I have never disregarded your command If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “I have always done what you told me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 15 29 d2t6 figs-hyperbole οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον 1 I have never disregarded your command To emphasize how carefully he believes he has obeyed his father, the older son makes a figurative generalization and says **never**. Alternate translation: “I have not disobeyed your commands” or “I have done what you told me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 15 29 ph4q figs-explicit ἔριφον 1 a young goat A young goat was smaller and much less expensive than a fatted calf. The son’s implication is that his father has not done even a small thing to show appreciation for him. You could express that more explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “even a young goat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 30 m039 figs-quotesinquotes ὅτε δὲ ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος, ὁ καταφαγών σου τὸν βίον μετὰ πορνῶν ἦλθεν, ἔθυσας αὐτῷ τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον 1 but when this son of yours came, who has devoured your property with prostitutes, you killed for him the fattened calf If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation (continuing the sentence from the previous verse): “but that when this son of his came home, who had wasted his money on prostitutes, he killed the fattened calf for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 30 y27h ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος 1 this son of yours The older son refers to his brother this way because he does not want to be associated with him. He does not want to call him “my brother.” Alternate translation: “that other son of yours”
LUK 15 30 vip3 figs-metaphor ὁ καταφαγών σου τὸν βίον 1 having devoured your livelihood The older son figuratively describes his brother as having eaten up the wealth his father gave him, to the point where there is nothing left. Alternate translation: “who squandered your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 30 e6ig figs-synecdoche μετὰ πορνῶν 1 with prostitutes In order to depict how the younger son wasted his father’s money on reckless living, the older son speaks figuratively of one thing he assumes the younger son spent money on. Alternate translation: “living recklessly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 15 30 m040 figs-metonymy ἔθυσας αὐτῷ τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον 1 you killed for himthefattenedcalf The father did not do this personally. Alternate translation: “you told the servants to butcher and cook the fattened calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 15 30 m041 figs-explicit ἔθυσας αὐτῷ τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον 1 you killed for himthefattenedcalf If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly the implicit purpose for this action. Alternate translation: “you told the servants to butcher and cook the fattened calf so you could hold a celebration for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 30 vf31 translate-unknown τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον 1 the fattened calf See how you translated this in [15:23](../15/23.md). Alternate translation: “the young animal we had been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 15 31 b5s3 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, τέκνον, σὺ πάντοτε μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἶ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμὰ σά ἐστιν 1 But he said to him, ‘Child, you are always with me, and all my things are yours’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But his father called him his dear son and acknowledged his loyal service and reminded him that now he was heir to the entire remaining estate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 31 m042 τέκνον 1 Child The father is using this word as a term of affection. Alternate translation: “My dear son”
LUK 15 31 m043 σὺ πάντοτε μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἶ 1 you are always with me Alternate translation: “I appreciate the way you have stayed here and helped me”
LUK 15 32 m044 figs-quotesinquotes εὐφρανθῆναι δὲ καὶ χαρῆναι ἔδει…ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη 1 But it was proper to celebrate and to rejoice, for this brother of yours was dead, and lived, and he had been lost, and was found If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But he insisted that it was right to have a celebration for his brother, since it was as if he had died and come back to life, and as if he had been lost and had been found” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 15 32 m045 figs-hendiadys εὐφρανθῆναι…καὶ χαρῆναι 1 celebrate and rejoice The phrase **celebrate and rejoice** expresses a single idea emphatically by using two similar words connected with **and**. Alternate translation: “celebrate joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 15 32 c35s ὁ ἀδελφός σου οὗτος 1 this brother of yours The older son had referred to “this son of yours,” but the father wants him to recognize him as his **brother**. Alternate translation: “your very own brother”
LUK 15 32 due5 figs-metaphor ὁ ἀδελφός σου οὗτος νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἔζησεν 1 this brother of yours was dead, and lived See how you translated this figurative expression in [15:24](../15/24.md). Alternate translation: “it is as if your very own brother had died and come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 32 v55y figs-metaphor ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη 1 he had been lost, and was found See how you translated this figurative expression in [15:24](../15/24.md). Alternate translation: “it is as if he had been missing and we found him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 32 m046 figs-activepassive καὶ εὑρέθη 1 and was found If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we found him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 intro qz3g 0 # Luke 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus tells a parable about a household manager (16:1–15)<br>2. Jesus gives further teachings (16:16–18)<br>3. Jesus tells a parable about a rich man who died (16:19–31)
LUK 16 1 m047 grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what Jesus teaches next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 16 1 p54g writing-participants ἔλεγεν…καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς 1 he also said to his disciples Luke uses this phrase to reintroduce these characters into the story. Jesus directed the previous three parables to the Pharisees and scribes, although **his disciples**may have been part of the crowd that was listening. He directs this next parable to **his disciples**. Alternate translation: “Jesus then said to his disciples, who were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 16 1 r6ck figs-parables ἔλεγεν δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς 1 And he also said to his disciples One theme of the story of the two sons was the use of possessions. To help his disciples understand something further about that, Jesus tells them a brief story that provides an illustration. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Jesus then told his disciples an illustrative story” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 16 1 k6jv writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος, ὃς εἶχεν οἰκονόμον 1 There was a certain rich man who had a manager This introduces the main characters in the parable. Alternate translation: “There once was a rich man who employed a manager” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 16 1 blp5 figs-activepassive οὗτος διεβλήθη αὐτῷ ὡς 1 he was reported to him as If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “people reported to the rich man that his manager was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 1 lpc3 διασκορπίζων τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ 1 wasting his possessions Alternate translation: “managing his wealth badly”
LUK 16 2 m049 grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Jesus uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 16 2 abci writing-pronouns φωνήσας αὐτὸν 1 he called him The word **he** refers to the rich man, and the word **him** refers to the manager. Alternate translation: “the rich man called the manager” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 16 2 m050 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν αὐτῷ, τί τοῦτο ἀκούω περὶ σοῦ? ἀπόδος τὸν λόγον τῆς οἰκονομίας σου; οὐ γὰρ δύνῃ ἔτι οἰκονομεῖν 1 said to him, ‘What is this that I hear about you? Give an account of your management, for you are no longer able to manage If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “told him that he had been hearing bad things about him and that he needed to turn over his financial records, since he would not be the manager any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 2 p7y7 figs-rquestion τί τοῦτο ἀκούω περὶ σοῦ? 1 What is this I hear about you? The rich man is not looking for information. He is using the question form to scold the manager. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I have heard what you are doing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 16 2 q433 ἀπόδος τὸν λόγον τῆς οἰκονομίας σου 1 Give a report of your management Alternate translation: “Turn over your financial records” or “Set your records in order to pass on to someone else”
LUK 16 2 m051 οὐ γὰρ δύνῃ ἔτι οἰκονομεῖν 1 you are no longer able to manage Alternate translation: “you cannot be my financial manager any longer”
LUK 16 3 m052 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν…ἐν ἑαυτῷ…τί ποιήσω, ὅτι ὁ κύριός μου ἀφαιρεῖται τὴν οἰκονομίαν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ? σκάπτειν οὐκ ἰσχύω; ἐπαιτεῖν αἰσχύνομαι 1 said to himself, ‘What should I do, since my master is taking away the management from me? I am not strong enough to dig, and I am ashamed to beg’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “asked himself what he should do, since his master was taking the management job away from him. He realized that he was not strong enough to dig ditches, and that he would be ashamed to beg for money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 3 kng1 figs-explicit ὁ κύριός μου 1 mymaster This expression refers to the rich man. The manager was not a slave. Alternate translation: “my employer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 3 t3kj figs-synecdoche σκάπτειν οὐκ ἰσχύω 1 I am not strong to dig The manager is saying that he is not strong enough to work all day digging ditches in the ground. He is likely using this one kind of manual work figuratively to represent all work that would require sustained physical exertion. Alternate translation: “I am not strong enough to do manual labor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 16 4 m053 figs-quotesinquotes ἔγνων τί ποιήσω, ἵνα ὅταν μετασταθῶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκονομίας, δέξωνταί με εἰς τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν 1 I know what I will do, so that when I am removed from the management, they will welcome me into their houses If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He realized that there was something he could do so that when his master took away his management job, his master’s debtors would welcome him into their houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 4 xxe2 figs-activepassive ὅταν μετασταθῶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκονομίας 1 when I am removed from the management If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “when my master takes away my management job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 4 m054 writing-pronouns δέξωνταί με εἰς τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν 1 they will welcome me into their houses By **they**, the manager means his master’s debtors, as the next verse indicates explicitly. Alternate translation: “my master’s debtors will welcome me into their houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 16 4 m4za figs-metonymy δέξωνταί με εἰς τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν 1 they will welcome me into their houses This expression likely refers to providing food and lodging, and perhaps other necessities, for some period of time in acknowledgment of a previous favor. The manager speaks figuratively of this by reference to where it would happen. Alternate translation: “my master’s debtors will provide for my needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 5 rze8 τῶν χρεοφιλετῶν τοῦ κυρίου ἑαυτοῦ 1 the debtors of his master Alternate translation: “the people who were in debt to his master” or “the people who owed things to his master”
LUK 16 5 m055 figs-nominaladj τῷ πρώτῳ 1 the first Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate the term with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the first of the debtors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 16 5 m056 figs-quotesinquotes ἔλεγεν τῷ πρώτῳ, πόσον ὀφείλεις τῷ κυρίῳ μου? 1 he said to the first, ‘How much do you owe to my master?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he asked the first of the debtors how much he owed his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 6 xp6d figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, ἑκατὸν βάτους ἐλαίου 1 And he said, ‘100 baths of olive oil’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “This first debtor told the manager that he owed 100 baths of olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 6 u8nh translate-bvolume ἑκατὸν βάτους 1 100 baths The word **baths** is the plural of “bath,” an ancient measurement equal to about 30 liters or about 8 gallons. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation. Alternate translation: “3,000 liters” or “800 gallons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
LUK 16 6 m057 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, δέξαι σου τὰ γράμματα καὶ καθίσας ταχέως γράψον πεντήκοντα 1 Then he said to him, ‘Take your bill and, sitting down, quickly write 50’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “So the manager told him to take his bill and sit down and quickly change that to 50 baths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 6 m058 translate-unknown σου τὰ γράμματα 1 your bill A **bill** is a piece of paper that tells how much someone owes. Your language may have a specific term for this. Alternate translation: “your statement” or “your note” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 16 6 m059 translate-bvolume πεντήκοντα 1 50 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation. Alternate translation: “1,500 liters” or “400 gallons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
LUK 16 7 sy3y figs-quotesinquotes ἔπειτα ἑτέρῳ εἶπεν, σὺ δὲ πόσον ὀφείλεις? 1 Then to another he said, ‘And you, how much do you owe?’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Then the manager asked another debtor how much he owed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 7 pq2u translate-bvolume ἑκατὸν κόρους 1 100 cors The word **cors** is the plural of “cor,” an ancient measurement equal to about one fifth of a metric ton or about ten bushels. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation. You could also use a general term, as UST does. Alternate translation: “20 tons” (metric tons) or “1,000 bushels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
LUK 16 7 m060 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, δέξαι σου τὰ γράμματα καὶ καθίσας ταχέως γράψον πεντήκοντα 1 He says to him, ‘Take your bill, and write 80’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “The manager told him to take his bill and change that to 80 cors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 7 m061 λέγει αὐτῷ 1 He says to him To convey vividness and immediacy, the parable uses the present tense in past narration here. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said to him”
LUK 16 7 m062 translate-unknown σου τὰ γράμματα 1 your bill See how you translated this in [16:6](../16/06.md). Alternate translation: “your statement” or “your note” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 16 7 tn17 translate-bvolume ὀγδοήκοντα 1 80 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use an equivalent modern measurement in your translation. Alternate translation: “16 tons” or “800 bushels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
LUK 16 8 nfz3 φρονίμως ἐποίησεν 1 he had acted shrewdly Alternate translation: “he had looked out for himself” or “he had planned for the future”
LUK 16 8 a1yq figs-idiom οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 the sons of this age The expression **sons of** is an idiom that means the people in view share the qualities of something. In this case, Jesus is describing people who share the values and outlook of the present world. Alternate translation: “the people of this present world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 16 8 m063 figs-metonymy τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 this age The term **age** means specifically the long period of time defined by the duration of the created world and, by association, the world itself. Alternate translation: “this present world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 8 lvx7 figs-metaphor τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς 1 the sons of light The expression **sons of** is once again an idiom that means the people in view share the qualities of something, in this case the influence of God. Alternate translation: “the people of God” or “godly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 8 m064 figs-metaphor τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς 1 the sons of light The term **light** is a metaphor for the presence and influence of God in the world. Alternate translation: “the people of God” or “godly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 8 m065 figs-metaphor εἰς τὴν γενεὰν τὴν ἑαυτῶν 1 in their own generation Jesus speaks figuratively of **the sons of this age** as if they had all been born in the same **generation**. Alternate translation: “in relation to their own kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 9 agp3 writing-endofstory καὶ ἐγὼ ὑμῖν λέγω 1 And I say to you Jesus uses the phrase **I say to you** to mark the end of the story and to introduce a teaching about how his disciples can apply the story to their lives. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “And you should do something similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 16 9 jkn7 figs-explicit ἑαυτοῖς ποιήσατε φίλους ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous wealth Since Jesus says that these **friends** are able to welcome a person into “eternal dwellings,” the implication is that the term refers to God. Alternate translation: “use the money you have in this world to make friends with God” or “use the money you have in this world in ways that please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 9 q2jb figs-metonymy τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 unrighteous wealth The term **unrighteous** here is an echo of the previous verse, in which Jesus described the manager by the same term. It likely refers to the various shrewd means by which the people of this world make money. Jesus is applying it by association to money itself. Alternate translation: “the money you have in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 9 m066 ὅταν ἐκλίπῃ 1 when it fails Alternate translation: “when it is gone” or “when it no longer has any value”
LUK 16 9 u394 δέξωνται ὑμᾶς εἰς τὰς αἰωνίους σκηνάς 1 they may receive you into the eternal dwellings The term **they** refers back to **friends**, and so it also means “God.” Alternate translation: “God will welcome you into heaven”
LUK 16 10 we3j ὁ πιστὸς ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ 1 The one who is faithful in very little Be sure that this does not sound as if it is describing a person who is not very faithful. Alternate translation: “Someone who is trustworthy even in very small matters”
LUK 16 10 r8hz ὁ ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ ἄδικος 1 the one who is unrighteous in very little Be sure that this does not sound as if it is describing a person who is only infrequently unrighteous. Alternate translation: “someone who is not trustworthy even in very small matters”
LUK 16 11 tm3w figs-metonymy τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ 1 in unrighteous wealth See how you translated this in [16:9](../16/09.md). Alternate translation: “with the money that you have in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 11 cv6s figs-rquestion τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει? 1 who will entrust the true to you? Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one will trust you with genuine wealth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 16 11 x2hr figs-nominaladj τὸ ἀληθινὸν 1 the true Jesus is using the adjective **true** as a noun to mean wealth that is more genuine, real, or lasting than money. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate the term with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “genuine wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 16 12 uy96 figs-rquestion τὸ ὑμέτερον τίς ὑμῖν δώσει? 1 who will give to you what is your own? Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one will give you property of your own.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 16 13 w2sf οὐδεὶς οἰκέτης δύναται 1 No servant can If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the subject positive and the verb negative in this expression. Alternate translation: “A servant cannot”
LUK 16 13 msb6 figs-explicit δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν 1 serve two masters The implication is that a servant could not meet the competing demands of two different masters at the same time with equal loyalty. Alternate translation: “serve two different masters equally well at the same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 13 u1lk figs-parallelism ἢ γὰρ τὸν ἕνα μισήσει, καὶ τὸν ἕτερον ἀγαπήσει; ἢ ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται, καὶ τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει 1 for either he will hate the one and he will love the other, or else he will be devoted to one and he will despise the other Jesus is basically saying the same thing in two different ways. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these statements. Alternate translation: “for he is certain to love and serve one of them much better than the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 16 13 ba2m ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται 1 be devoted to one Alternate translation: “love the first master very strongly”
LUK 16 13 dd9z τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει 1 despise the other Alternate translation: “hold the second master in contempt” or “hate the second master”
LUK 16 13 pw7q figs-you οὐ δύνασθε…δουλεύειν 1 You are not able to serve Even though Jesus has been describing the situation of an individual servant, as he draws this application, he is addressing his disciples as a group, so **you** is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 16 14 taq3 grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 16 14 m067 writing-participants οἱ Φαρισαῖοι 1 the Pharisees Luke reintroduces **the Pharisees** as participants in the story here, but they have been present all along. Jesus told them the three parables in [15:3–32](../15/03.md), and they have since been listening to what Jesus has been teaching his disciples. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees who were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 16 14 lbq9 φιλάργυροι ὑπάρχοντες 1 who were lovers of money Alternate translation: “who loved having money” or “who were very greedy for money”
LUK 16 15 cqs ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ δικαιοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς 1 the ones justifying yourselves Alternate translation: “people who try to make yourselves look good”
LUK 16 15 m068 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 before men Jesus is using this expression to mean “where people can see,” and it refers figuratively to perception and judgment. Alternate translation: “from the perspective of others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 15 m069 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώπων 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” or “others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 16 15 lx4f figs-metaphor ὁ δὲ Θεὸς γινώσκει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 but God knows your hearts The **heart** here figuratively represents a person’s motivations and desires. Alternate translation: “God understands your true desires” or “God knows your real motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 15 q82t figs-metaphor τὸ ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὑψηλὸν 1 what is exalted among men Jesus is using a spatial metaphor to describe things that are valued or honored as if they were high up. Alternate translation: “what people value” or “what people respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 15 m070 figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώποις 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 16 15 m071 translate-unknown βδέλυγμα 1 is an abomination This term comes from the regulations for religious life in the Jewish law. It refers to something that provokes feelings of horror and revulsion and must be avoided. Alternate translation: “is detestable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 16 15 m072 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God Jesus is using this expression to mean “where God can see,” and it refers figuratively to perception and judgment. Alternate translation: “from God’s perspective” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 16 m566 figs-merism ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται 1 The Law and the Prophets Jesus is referring figuratively to all of God’s word that had been written up to that time. He is using the names of two of its major components to do so. Alternate translation: “The Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 16 16 a2ra μέχρι 1 were until Alternate translation: “led up to the time of”
LUK 16 16 b78c figs-explicit Ἰωάννου 1 John Jesus assumes that the Pharisees will know that he is referring to John the Baptist. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 16 mrl3 figs-activepassive ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίζεται 1 the kingdom of God is proclaimed as good news If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has been doing the action. Alternate translation: “I have been teaching people the good news about the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 16 m073 figs-abstractnouns ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate this phrase in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “how God will rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 16 16 m074 figs-hyperbole πᾶς εἰς αὐτὴν βιάζεται 1 everyone is forcing their way into it Jesus says figuratively that people have been **forcing their way** into the kingdom to mean that they have been doing everything they can to enter it. Alternate translation: “people have been doing everything they can to enter it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 16 lyw7 figs-hyperbole πᾶς 1 everyone The term **everyone** is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 17 stl8 εὐκοπώτερον δέ ἐστιν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν παρελθεῖν, ἢ τοῦ νόμου μίαν κερέαν πεσεῖν 1 But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of the law to fall If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this contrast in the reverse order. Alternate translation: “Even the smallest detail of the law will remain valid for longer than the whole creation exists”
LUK 16 17 m075 figs-merism τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν 1 heaven and earth Jesus is figuratively describing all of creation by referring to its two components. Alternate translation: “all of creation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 16 17 m076 παρελθεῖν 1 to pass away Alternate translation: “to go out of existence”
LUK 16 17 ke7y figs-metonymy ἢ τοῦ νόμου μίαν κερέαν 1 than for one stroke of the law A **stroke** is the smallest part of a letter. Jesus is referring figuratively to the teachings of the law by association with the way they have been recorded in written letters. Alternate translation: “than for any of the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 17 t33k figs-metaphor πεσεῖν 1 to fall Jesus uses the term **fall** figuratively to mean to be of no further use, such as a building would be if it collapsed. Alternate translation: “to become invalid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 18 m077 figs-explicit πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ 1 Everyone who divorces his wife Jesus is implicitly giving an example here of something in the law that is still valid. Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that the Pharisees allowed divorce, and he is teaching that they should not do that. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “For example, you Pharisees allow divorce. But that is not what God wants. Anyone who divorces his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 18 j8fn πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ 1 Everyone who divorces his wife Alternate translation: “Anyone who divorces his wife” or “Any man who divorces his wife”
LUK 16 18 sq24 ὁ…γαμῶν 1 the one who marries Alternate translation: “any man who marries”
LUK 16 18 m078 figs-activepassive ὁ ἀπολελυμένην ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς γαμῶν 1 one divorced from her husband If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whose husband has divorced her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 19 kd1x figs-parables δέ 1 Now Jesus uses this term to introduce a story that will help people understand better what he has been teaching. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly, as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Here is an illustration to help you understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 16 19 r67p writing-participants ἄνθρωπος…τις ἦν πλούσιος 1 there was a certain rich man This introduces one of the characters in the parable. It is not clear whether this is a real person, or simply a person in a story that Jesus is telling in order to make a point. You may need to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “There once was a rich man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 16 19 fu76 figs-synecdoche καὶ ἐνεδιδύσκετο πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον 1 and he was putting on purple and fine linen Jesus is figuratively using two specific types of expensive clothing to mean expensive clothing in general. These were likely not the only types of clothes that the man owned and wore. Alternate translation: “who wore very expensive clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 16 19 m079 figs-metonymy πορφύραν 1 purple Jesus uses the term **purple** figuratively to mean clothing colored with purple dye, which was very expensive. Alternate translation: “clothing colored with purple dye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 19 sz7t εὐφραινόμενος καθ’ ἡμέραν λαμπρῶς 1 feasting sumptuously every day Alternate translation: “and who enjoyed eating expensive food every day”
LUK 16 20 mmw2 writing-participants πτωχὸς δέ τις ὀνόματι Λάζαρος 1 But a certain poor man named Lazarus This introduces another character in the parable. It is not clear whether this is a real person or simply a person in a story that Jesus is telling in order to make a point. Alternate translation: “There was also a poor man named Lazarus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 16 20 m080 translate-names Λάζαρος 1 Lazarus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 16 20 m081 figs-activepassive ἐβέβλητο πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αὐτοῦ 1 was laid at his gate If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “whom people laid at his gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 20 ax4v figs-explicit πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αὐτοῦ 1 at his gate The implication is that people brought Lazarus there so that he could beg for money and food from those who went in and out. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the gate to the rich man’s house so that he could beg there” or “at the entrance to the rich man’s property so that he could beg there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 20 ex57 εἱλκωμένος 1 afflicted with sores It might be helpful to make this a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He was covered with sores” or “He had sores all over his body”
LUK 16 21 i2fn figs-activepassive ἐπιθυμῶν χορτασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πιπτόντων 1 longing to be fed from the things falling If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “wishing he could eat the scraps of food that fell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 21 vnk5 ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ κύνες ἐρχόμενοι 1 But even the dogs were coming Jesus uses the word **even** to show that what follows is worse than what he has already told about Lazarus. Alternate translation: “Worse yet, the dogs came”
LUK 16 21 xby9 figs-explicit οἱ κύνες 1 the dogs The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Lazarus was too sick and weak to stop them from licking his wounds, so in addition to being poor and sick, he was always ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the unclean dogs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 22 y7pb writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 16 22 hrm6 figs-activepassive ἀπενεχθῆναι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 he was carried away by the angels If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the angels carried him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 22 r2k1 figs-explicit εἰς τὸν κόλπον Ἀβραάμ 1 to the bosom of Abraham The implication is that Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast. Within the story, this feast likely represents the joys of heaven, and Jesus may be depicting Abraham, the ancestor of the Jews, as the host. In that case, Lazarus would be in a place of honor next to him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to a place of honor next to Abraham at the heavenly feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 22 hn6v figs-activepassive ἐτάφη 1 was buried If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “people buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 23 m082 translate-names ἐν τῷ ᾍδῃ 1 in Hades **Hades** was the Greek name for the abode of the dead. You could use that name in your translation, or you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “he went to Hades, where” or “he went to hell, where” or “he went to the place of the dead, where” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 16 23 tl8x figs-idiom ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 lifting up his eyes This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 16 23 vca4 ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις 1 being in torment Alternate translation: “while suffering in terrible pain”
LUK 16 23 m083 ὁρᾷ 1 he sees To call attention to a significant development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “and he saw”
LUK 16 23 qpd2 figs-explicit ἐν τοῖς κόλποις αὐτοῦ 1 in his bosom See how you translated this expression in [16:22](../16/22.md). Alternate translation: “in a place of honor next to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 24 m084 figs-quotesinquotes αὐτὸς φωνήσας εἶπεν, Πάτερ Ἀβραάμ, ἐλέησόν με καὶ πέμψον Λάζαρον, ἵνα βάψῃ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ δακτύλου αὐτοῦ ὕδατος, καὶ καταψύξῃ τὴν γλῶσσάν μου; ὅτι ὀδυνῶμαι ἐν τῇ φλογὶ ταύτῃ 1 crying out he said, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, for I am tormented in this flame If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he shouted over to Abraham, addressing him respectfully as his ancestor, and asked him to have mercy on him and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool his tongue, because he was in a flame that was making him suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 24 dpp9 figs-hendiadys αὐτὸς φωνήσας εἶπεν 1 crying out he said Together the terms **crying out** and **said** mean that the rich man spoke what follows as a loud cry. Alternate translation: “the rich man shouted out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 16 24 m95a figs-metaphor Πάτερ Ἀβραάμ 1 Father Abraham The rich man is using the term **Father**, which figuratively means “ancestor,” as a respectful title. Abraham was the ancestor of all the Jews. Alternate translation: “Abraham, my father” or “Abraham, my ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 24 b2rc figs-imperative ἐλέησόν με 1 have mercy on me This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please have pity on me” or “please help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 16 24 ly9k καὶ πέμψον Λάζαρον 1 and send Lazarus Alternate translation: “by sending Lazarus” or “and tell Lazarus to come to me”
LUK 16 24 rc6p figs-hyperbole βάψῃ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ δακτύλου αὐτοῦ καὶ καταψύξῃ τὴν γλῶσσάν μου 1 that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue The rich man is making an exaggeratedly small request in order to emphasize how hot and thirsty he is. In your translation, you could indicate that this is not the most he would want Lazarus to do. Alternate translation: “so that he can at least dip his finger in water and cool my tongue with a drop of it” or “so he can bring me water to drink that will cool my tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 24 rc6p figs-hyperbole καὶ καταψύξῃ τὴν γλῶσσάν μου 1 and cool my tongue The rich man is figuratively describing how thirsty he is by association with the way his **tongue** feels hot. Alternate translation: “so that I will not be so thirsty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 24 qix8 figs-activepassive ὀδυνῶμαι ἐν τῇ φλογὶ ταύτῃ 1 I am tormented in this flame If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “this flame is making me suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 25 m085 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν δὲ Ἀβραάμ, τέκνον, μνήσθητι ὅτι ἀπέλαβες τὰ ἀγαθά σου ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου, καὶ Λάζαρος ὁμοίως τὰ κακά. νῦν δὲ ὧδε παρακαλεῖται, σὺ δὲ ὀδυνᾶσαι 1 But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner bad things. But now he is comforted here, and you are suffering greatly If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But Abraham, addressing the rich man as his descendant, told him to remember that he had received good things in his lifetime, while Lazarus had received bad things in his lifetime, and so Lazarus was receiving comforts with him, while the rich man was suffering greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 25 m086 figs-metaphor τέκνον 1 Child Abraham is using the term **child** figuratively to mean “descendant.” As a Jew, the rich man was a descendant of Abraham. Abraham is likely using the term in a compassionate way. Alternate translation: “My dear child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 25 we9w figs-nominaladj τὰ ἀγαθά σου 1 the good of yours Abraham is using the adjective **good** as a noun. It is plural. If your language does not use adjectives as nouns, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “your good things” or “things that you enjoyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 16 25 rv17 ὁμοίως 1 likewise Abraham is referring to the fact that both men received something while they lived on earth. He is not saying that what they received was the same. Alternate translation: “while he was living received”
LUK 16 25 hwc8 figs-nominaladj τὰ κακά 1 the bad Abraham is using the adjective **bad** as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. It is plural. Alternate translation: “bad things” or “things that caused him to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 16 25 g4js figs-activepassive παρακαλεῖται 1 he is comforted If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “he is comfortable” or “he is receiving things that make him happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 25 cn8i figs-activepassive σὺ…ὀδυνᾶσαι 1 you are tormented If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “you are suffering greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 26 m087 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις, μεταξὺ ἡμῶν καὶ ὑμῶν χάσμα μέγα ἐστήρικται, ὅπως οἱ θέλοντες διαβῆναι ἔνθεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς μὴ δύνωνται, μηδὲ ἐκεῖθεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς διαπερῶσιν 1 And with all these things, between us and you a great chasm has been put in place, so that those who want to cross over from here to you are not able, and none may cross over from there to us If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Abraham also told him that God had placed a huge pit between them, so that no one who wanted to cross over to where the rich man was, and no one who wanted to come over from there to where Abraham was, would be able to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 26 af4h figs-idiom καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις 1 And with all these things This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “In addition to this reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 16 26 m088 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν…ἡμᾶς 1 us…us Abraham means himself and the people who are with him, but not the rich man, so **us** is exclusive in both instances in this verse, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 16 26 m089 figs-you ὑμῶν…ὑμᾶς 1 you…you Even though Abraham is speaking to the rich man individually, he is referring to all of the people who are in Hades with him, so **you** is plural in both instances in this verse. Alternate translation: “all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 16 26 tu5w figs-activepassive χάσμα μέγα ἐστήρικται 1 a great chasm has been set in place If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “God has placed a huge pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 26 sg6d figs-ellipsis μηδὲ ἐκεῖθεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς διαπερῶσιν 1 and that they may not go across from there to us Abraham is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and so that those who want to come across from where you are to here will not be able to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 16 27 abcj figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν δέ, ἐρωτῶ οὖν σε Πάτερ, ἵνα πέμψῃς αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου 1 Then he said, ‘I beg you then, Father, that you would send him to the house of my father figs-quotesinquotes If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “So the rich man then begged Abraham, addressing him respectfully as his ancestor, to send Lazarus his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 27 m090 figs-metaphor Πάτερ 1 Father The rich man is using the term **Father**, which figuratively means “ancestor,” as a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Abraham, my father” or “Abraham, my ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 27 m091 figs-metonymy εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου 1 to the house of my father The rich man is using the word **house** figuratively to mean the people who live together in a household. Alternate translation: “to my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 28 y1xn figs-quotesinquotes ἔχω γὰρ πέντε ἀδελφούς, ὅπως διαμαρτύρηται αὐτοῖς, ἵνα μὴ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔλθωσιν εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον τῆς βασάνου 1 for I have five brothers—in order that he might warn them, so that they would not also come to this place of torment If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “The rich man explained that he had five brothers and that he wanted Lazarus to warn them so that they would not also come to where he was, in a place where they would suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 28 x8xk figs-explicit ὅπως διαμαρτύρηται αὐτοῖς 1 in order that he might warn them The implication is that the rich man wanted Lazarus to warn his brothers not to act as he had. He had been selfish, self-indulgent, and unconcerned about the needs of people around him who were poor and suffering. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that he can warn them not to be self-indulgent and callous, as I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 29 m092 λέγει δὲ Ἀβραάμ 1 But Abraham says To call attention to a significant development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration here. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “But Abraham said”
LUK 16 29 m093 figs-quotesinquotes λέγει δὲ Ἀβραάμ, ἔχουσι Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας; ἀκουσάτωσαν αὐτῶν 1 But Abraham says, ‘They have Moses and the prophets; let them listen to them’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But Abraham told the rich man that his brothers had what Moses and the prophets had written, and that they should obey their teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 29 v8eh figs-explicit ἔχουσι Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας 1 They have Moses and the prophets The implication is that Abraham is refusing to send Lazarus to the rich man’s brothers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “No, I will not do that, because your brothers have what Moses and the prophets have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 29 x8pt figs-metonymy Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας 1 Moses and the prophets Abraham is using the names of the authors of the biblical books to refer figuratively to their writings. Alternate translation: “what Moses and the prophets have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 29 m094 figs-merism Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας 1 Moses and the prophets Abraham is referring figuratively to all of God’s word that had been written up to that time. He is using two of its major collections of writings to do so. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 16 29 l3in figs-idiom ἀκουσάτωσαν αὐτῶν 1 let them listen to them The term **listen to** here is an idiom that means “obey.” Alternate translation: “let them obey their teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 16 29 m095 figs-explicit ἀκουσάτωσαν αὐτῶν 1 let them listen to them The implication is that the rich man’s brothers do not need Lazarus to come and warn them because they already have all the warning they need in the Scriptures. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “your brothers should obey their teaching, because it provides all the warning they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 30 m096 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, οὐχί, Πάτερ Ἀβραάμ, ἀλλ’ ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν πορευθῇ πρὸς αὐτοὺς, μετανοήσουσιν 1 But he replied, ‘No, Father Abraham, but if someone would go to them from the dead, they will repent If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But the rich man told Abraham, addressing him respectfully as his ancestor, that his brothers would not repent based on the teaching of the Scriptures, but that if someone came to them from the dead, then they would repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 30 m097 figs-explicit οὐχί 1 No The rich man uses this word to indicate that what Abraham has just said is not true. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the meaning more fully. Alternate translation: “No, my brothers would not repent based on the teaching of the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 16 30 d84a figs-hypo ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν πορευθῇ πρὸς αὐτοὺς, μετανοήσουσιν 1 if someone would go to them from the dead, they will repent The rich man is describing a hypothetical situation that he would like to happen. Alternate translation: “suppose someone who had died went and warned them. Then they would repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 16 30 m098 figs-nominaladj ἀπὸ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead The rich man is using the adjective **dead** as a noun, to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “from among the people who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 16 31 abcl figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ, εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν, οὐδ’ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ, πεισθήσονται 1 But he said to him, ‘If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded if someone would rise from the dead’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But Abraham told the rich man that if his brothers would not obey the teaching of Moses and the prophets, then they would not change their ways even if someone who had died came back to life and warned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 16 31 n9s4 grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν, οὐδ’ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ, πεισθήσονται 1 If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded if someone should rise from the dead Abraham is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Abraham is saying is not actually the case, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since they will not obey the teaching of Moses and the prophets, a dead person who came back to life would not be able to convince them either” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
LUK 16 31 m099 figs-idiom εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν 1 If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets The term **listen to** is an idiom that means “obey.” See how you translated this idiom in [16:29](../16/29.md). Alternate translation: “If they will not obey what Moses and the prophets have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 16 31 xkr7 figs-metonymy Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν 1 Moses and the prophets Abraham is using the names of the authors of the biblical books to refer figuratively to their writings. Alternate translation: “what Moses and the prophets have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 16 31 m100 figs-merism Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν 1 Moses and the prophets Abraham is referring figuratively to all of God’s word that had been written up to that time. He is using two of its major collections of writings to do so. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 16 31 m101 figs-activepassive οὐδ’ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ, πεισθήσονται 1 neither will they be persuaded if someone should rise from the dead If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “a dead person who came back to life would not be able to convince them either” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 16 31 gf1b figs-nominaladj ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead Abraham is using the adjective **dead** as a noun, to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “from among the people who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 17 intro c4am 0 # Luke 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus teaches about forgiveness, faith, and service (17:1–10)<br>2. Jesus heals ten lepers (17:11–19)<br>3. Jesus teaches about the kingdom of God coming (17:20–37)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Old Testament Examples<br><br>Jesus uses Noah and Lot’s wife as examples to teach his followers. Noah was ready for the flood when it came, and followers of Jesus need to be ready for him to return, because he will not warn them when he is about to come. Lot’s wife loved the evil city she had been living in so much that God also punished her when he destroyed it. Followers of Jesus need to love him more than anything else. You may need to provide some background information that Jesus assumed his listeners would know so that people who read your translation today can understand what Jesus is teaching here.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br><br>Jesus asks his disciples three questions in (17:7–9) to teach them that even those who serve him well are righteous only because of his grace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>AA paradox is a statement that describes two things that seem as if they cannot both be true at the same time, but which actually are both true. Jesus speaks a paradox in this chapter: “Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will save it” (17:33).<br><br>## Important textual issues in this chapter<br><br>### “In his day”<br><br>At the end of 17:24, some ancient manuscripts of the Bible have the phrase “in his day,” but the manuscripts considered to be the most accurate do not. ULT does not have the phrase in its text, but it does have it in a footnote.<br><br>### “There will be two in the field”<br><br>Some ancient manuscripts of the Bible include the verse 17:36, but the manuscripts considered to be the most accurate do not. ULT does not have this verse in its text, but it does have it in a footnote.<br><br>In both of these cases, if a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to include the verse if it does, but leave it out if it does not include it. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the example of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 17 1 ej1e figs-doublenegatives ἀνένδεκτόν ἐστιν τοῦ τὰ σκάνδαλα μὴ ἐλθεῖν 1 It is impossible for traps not to come If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Traps will certainly come” or “Things that tempt people to sin will certainly happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 17 1 m102 translate-unknown τὰ σκάνδαλα 1 traps This particular term refers to a device that a person or animal would unknowingly activate and that would then confine them in a net, cage, or pit. Your language may have a term for a similar device, and you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 1 m103 figs-metaphor τὰ σκάνδαλα 1 traps Jesus is using the word **traps** figuratively. Alternate translation: “things that tempt people to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 1 zck5 figs-ellipsis οὐαὶ δι’ οὗ ἔρχεται! 1 woe through whom they come! Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “how terrible it will be for anyone who causes these temptations to come” or “how terrible it will be for any person who tempts others to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 17 2 dvz5 figs-explicit λυσιτελεῖ αὐτῷ εἰ 1 It would be better for him if Jesus is drawing a comparison to the punishment for causing people to sin. He means that this person’s punishment for causing people to sin will be worse than if he had drowned in the sea. No one would actually put a stone around his neck and throw him into the sea as an alternative to that punishment, and Jesus is not saying that anyone will do so. Alternate translation: “The punishment he will receive will be worse than if” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 2 uk6e figs-explicit λίθος μυλικὸς περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ 1 a millstone were lying around his neck The implication is that someone would tie the stone around the person’s neck. Alternate translation: “if someone were to tie a millstone around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 2 gr89 translate-unknown λίθος μυλικὸς 1 a millstone A **millstone** is a very large, heavy, circular stone that is used for grinding grain into flour. If your readers would not be familiar with a millstone, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “a heavy stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 2 k9xl figs-metaphor σκανδαλίσῃ 1 he should trap See how you translated this in [17:1](../17/01.md). Jesus is using the word **trap** figuratively. Alternate translation: “he should tempt to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 2 xm7x figs-metaphor τῶν μικρῶν τούτων 1 these little ones This could mean one of several things. (1) It could refer to children who love Jesus and who are physically **little** compared to adults. Alternate translation: “these children who believe in me” (2) It could refer figuratively to people whose faith is new and has not yet become mature and strong. Alternate translation: “these new believers” (3) It could refer figuratively to people who are not important from a human perspective. Alternate translation: “these common people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 3 m104 figs-explicit προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς 1 Pay attention to yourselves Since Jesus is teaching about how important it is not to sin and not to encourage others to sin, the implication is that this statement means that he wants his disciples to help one another not to sin. Alternate translation: “Help one another not to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 3 m105 figs-you προσέχετε 1 Pay attention The implied “you” in this imperative is plural, since Jesus is speaking to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 17 3 m106 figs-youcrowd σου…ἐπιτίμησον…ἄφες 1 your…rebuke…forgive The word **your** and the implied “you” in the imperatives **rebuke** and **forgive** are singular, since Jesus is addressing an individual situation, even though he is speaking to a group. If these singular forms would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 17 3 hyn8 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ ὁ ἀδελφός σου, ἐπιτίμησον αὐτῷ 1 If your brother sins, rebuke him Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell his disciples what they should do if it takes place. Alternate translation: “Suppose a fellow believer were to sin. Then you should rebuke him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 17 3 kkp3 figs-metaphor ὁ ἀδελφός σου 1 your brother Jesus is using the term **brother** figuratively to mean someone who shares the same faith. Alternate translation: “a fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 3 m107 figs-gendernotations ὁ ἀδελφός σου 1 your brother Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “a fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 17 3 p35i ἐπιτίμησον αὐτῷ 1 rebuke him Alternate translation: “correct him” or “tell him strongly that what he did was wrong”
LUK 17 3 m108 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical καὶ ἐὰν μετανοήσῃ, ἄφες αὐτῷ 1 and if he repents, forgive him Jesus is describing another hypothetical situation in order to tell his disciples what they should do if it takes place. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “And suppose that believer were to repent. Then you should forgive him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 17 4 x8a3 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν ἑπτάκις τῆς ἡμέρας ἁμαρτήσῃ εἰς σὲ, καὶ ἑπτάκις ἐπιστρέψῃ πρὸς σὲ, λέγων μετανοῶ, ἀφήσεις αὐτῷ 1 And if he sins against you seven times in the day, and seven times returns to you, saying, ‘I repent,’ you will forgive him Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell his disciples what they should do if it takes place. Alternate translation: “Suppose a fellow believers were to sin against you seven times in the same day. And suppose each time he came to you and said, ‘I am sorry.’ Then you would have to forgive him each time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 17 4 k5va figs-idiom ἑπτάκις τῆς ἡμέρας…καὶ ἑπτάκις 1 seven times in the day, and seven times The number **seven** in the Bible figuratively represents a large or sufficient quantity. Alternate translation: “many times in the same day, and each time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 4 m109 τῆς ἡμέρας 1 in the day Alternate translation: “in the same day”
LUK 17 4 m110 figs-youcrowd σὲ…σὲ…ἀφήσεις 1 you…you…you will forgive The word **you** is singular in this verse, since Jesus is addressing an individual situation, even though he is speaking to a group. If these singular forms would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 17 4 m111 figs-quotesinquotes ἐπιστρέψῃ πρὸς σὲ, λέγων μετανοῶ, ἀφήσεις αὐτῷ 1 returns to you, saying, ‘I repent,’ you will forgive him If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “comes to you and says that he is sorry, you must forgive him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 4 m112 figs-declarative ἀφήσεις αὐτῷ 1 you will forgive him Jesus is using a future statement to give an instruction and command. Alternate translation: “you must forgive him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 17 5 s4dy οἱ ἀπόστολοι 1 the apostles This means the 12 disciples whom Jesus appointed as his authoritative representatives in [6:13](../06/13.md). See how you translated the term there.
LUK 17 5 m114 τῷ Κυρίῳ 1 the Lord Luke is referring to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 17 5 pji3 figs-imperative πρόσθες ἡμῖν πίστιν 1 Increase faith to us This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give us more faith” or “Please help us to trust God better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 17 6 m115 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke is referring to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 17 6 m116 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐλέγετε ἂν τῇ συκαμίνῳ ταύτῃ 1 If you had faith like a mustard seed, you would say to this mulberry tree Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation. He is asserting that if the condition is true, then the result will necessarily follow. Alternate translation: “I can assure you that if you had faith like a mustard seed, you could say to this mulberry tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
LUK 17 6 m117 figs-you ἔχετε…ἐλέγετε…ὑμῖν 1 you had…you would say…you Even though Jesus is describing something that an individual might do, **you** is plural in this verse because he is speaking to his 12 apostles in response to their request. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 17 6 ep7z figs-simile εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως 1 If you had faith like a mustard seed A **mustard seed** is a very small seed. Jesus is using this seed figuratively in a simile to mean a very small amount. Alternate translation: “If you had even a tiny amount of faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 17 6 m118 translate-unknown κόκκον σινάπεως 1 a mustard seed If your readers would not be familiar with a **mustard seed**, you could use the name of another small seed they would be familiar with, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a very small seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 6 i31l translate-unknown συκαμίνῳ 1 mulberrytree Jesus likely uses a **mulberry tree** as an example because it has an extensive root system that makes it very difficult to uproot. If your readers would not be familiar with this tree, you could use the name of another type of tree with extensive roots that they would be familiar with, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “firmly rooted tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 6 m119 figs-quotesinquotes ἐλέγετε ἂν τῇ συκαμίνῳ ταύτῃ, ἐκριζώθητι καὶ φυτεύθητι ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ 1 you would say to this mulberry tree, ‘Be uprooted, and be planted in the sea’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you could tell this mulberry tree to pull its roots out of the ground and put them down in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 6 ky7z figs-activepassive ἐκριζώθητι καὶ φυτεύθητι ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ 1 Be uprooted, and be planted in the sea If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active forms for both of these verbs. Alternate translation: “Uproot yourself and plant yourself in the sea” or “Take your roots out of the ground and put them down into the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 6 g53n figs-idiom ὑπήκουσεν ἂν ὑμῖν 1 it would listen to you The term **listen to** here is an idiom that means “obey.” Alternate translation: “the tree would obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 7 dk3q figs-rquestion τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν δοῦλον ἔχων, ἀροτριῶντα ἢ ποιμαίνοντα, ὃς εἰσελθόντι ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ, εὐθέως παρελθὼν ἀνάπεσε? 1 But which of you is it, having a servant plowing or tending sheep, who will say to him, having come in from the field, ‘Come immediately and recline to eat’? Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “But none of you who had a servant who was out plowing or tending sheep would say to him when he came in from the field, ‘Come immediately and recline to eat’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 17 7 m120 figs-hypo τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν δοῦλον ἔχων, ἀροτριῶντα ἢ ποιμαίνοντα, ὃς εἰσελθόντι ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ, εὐθέως παρελθὼν ἀνάπεσε? 1 But which of you is it, having a servant plowing or tending sheep, who will say to him, having come in from the field, ‘Come immediately and recline to eat’? Jesus is using an illustration that involves a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose one of you had a servant who was out plowing or tending sheep. You would not say to him when he came in from the field, ‘Come immediately and recline to eat.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 7 m121 figs-quotesinquotes εἰσελθόντι ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ, εὐθέως παρελθὼν ἀνάπεσε 1 will say to him, having come in from the field, ‘Come immediately and recline to eat’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “would tell him as soon as he came in from the field to sit right down and have his own supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 7 va34 figs-explicit δοῦλον…ἀροτριῶντα ἢ ποιμαίνοντα 1 a servant plowing or tending sheep It may be helpful to say explicitly that the land and sheep hypothetically belong to the person who is being asked to consider what he would do in this situation. Alternate translation: “a servant who had been out plowing your land or taking care of your sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 7 m122 translate-unknown ἀνάπεσε 1 recline to eat See how you translated this in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “sit down to eat” or “sit down and have your supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 8 iw9j figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ, ἑτοίμασον τί δειπνήσω, καὶ περιζωσάμενος διακόνει μοι, ἕως φάγω καὶ πίω; καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα φάγεσαι καὶ πίεσαι σύ? 1 will he not say to him, ‘Prepare something I may eat, and girding yourself, serve me while I eat and drink, and after these things you will eat and drink’? Jesus uses a second question as a further teaching tool, to emphasize how a person actually would treat a servant. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would certainly say to him, ‘Prepare something for me to eat, and then wrap your robe around your hips so you can serve me while I eat and drink, and after that you can eat and drink yourself’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 17 8 m123 figs-quotesinquotes οὐχὶ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ, ἑτοίμασον τί δειπνήσω, καὶ περιζωσάμενος διακόνει μοι, ἕως φάγω καὶ πίω; καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα φάγεσαι καὶ πίεσαι σύ? 1 will he not say to him, ‘Prepare something I may eat, and girding yourself, serve me while I eat and drink, and after these things you will eat and drink’? If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he would certainly tell the servant to prepare something for him to eat, and then to wrap his robe around his hips so he could serve him while he ate and drank, and that only after doing that the servant could eat and drink himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 8 kr7u translate-unknown περιζωσάμενος διακόνει μοι 1 girding yourself serve me See how you translated this in [12:35](../12/35.md). Alternate translation: “wrap the lower part of your robe around your hips so that you can serve me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 8 ds77 καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα 1 and after these things Alternate translation: “Then, after you have served me”
LUK 17 8 m124 figs-declarative φάγεσαι καὶ πίεσαι σύ 1 you will eat and drink The master is using a future statement to give permission. Alternate translation: “you may eat and drink” or “you may have your own supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
LUK 17 9 qs51 figs-doublenegatives μὴ ἔχει χάριν τῷ δούλῳ, ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὰ διαταχθέντα? 1 He does not have gratitude to the servant because he did the things commanded, does he? The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding, “does he?” Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Would he thank the servant for doing what he had been commanded to do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 17 9 m125 figs-explicit μὴ ἔχει χάριν τῷ δούλῳ, ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὰ διαταχθέντα? 1 He does not have gratitude to the servant because he did the things commanded, does he? The implicit answer to the question is “no.” Masters expect their servants to do what they command them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation, add an additional sentence: “No, a master would not do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 9 jn5s figs-rquestion μὴ ἔχει χάριν τῷ δούλῳ, ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὰ διαταχθέντα? 1 He does not have gratitude to the servant because he did the things commanded, does he? Jesus is using the question form to teach. He wants his disciples to reflect on the nature of the master-servant relationship in order to understand better how they should relate to God. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “A master would certainly not thank a servant for doing just what he had been commanded to do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 17 9 m126 μὴ ἔχει χάριν τῷ δούλῳ 1 he does not have gratitude to the servant Alternate translation: “he does not need to thank the servant”
LUK 17 9 m127 figs-nominaladj τὰ διαταχθέντα 1 the things commanded Jesus is using a participle, which functions here as an adjective, as a noun. It is plural, and ULT supplies the noun **things** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the things he commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 17 9 a1fm figs-activepassive τὰ διαταχθέντα 1 the things commanded If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the things he commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 10 m128 figs-nominaladj τὰ διαταχθέντα ὑμῖν 1 the things commanded you Jesus is using a participle, which functions here as an adjective, as a noun. It is plural, and ULT supplies the noun **things** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the things God commanded you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 17 10 ub27 figs-activepassive τὰ διαταχθέντα ὑμῖν 1 the things commanded you If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the things God commanded you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 10 m129 figs-quotesinquotes έγετε, ὅτι δοῦλοι ἀχρεῖοί ἐσμεν, ὃ ὠφείλομεν ποιῆσαι πεποιήκαμεν 1 say, ‘We are worthless servants. We have done what we ought to do If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “say that you are unworthy servants and that you have only what you ought to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 10 m130 figs-exclusive δοῦλοι ἀχρεῖοί ἐσμεν, ὃ ὠφείλομεν ποιῆσαι πεποιήκαμεν 1 We are worthless servants. We have done what we ought to do People who would say this would be speaking about themselves but not about God, to whom they would be speaking, so if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive **we**, use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 17 10 dga7 figs-hyperbole δοῦλοι ἀχρεῖοί ἐσμεν 1 We are worthless servants This is an exaggeration that means the servants have not done anything worthy of praise or thanks or a special reward. Alternate translation: “We are unworthy servants” or “We have not done anything while serving you that deserves special thanks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 17 10 m132 ὃ ὠφείλομεν ποιῆσαι πεποιήκαμεν 1 We have done what we ought to do Alternate translation: “We have only done our duty”
LUK 17 11 g442 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 17 11 f5rk ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 in the journeying to Jerusalem Alternate translation: “as Jesus continued his journey to Jerusalem”
LUK 17 11 m133 writing-background αὐτὸς διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας 1 he was passing through between Samaria and Galilee Luke provides this background information about Jesus’ location to help readers understand what happens in this episode, in which Jesus engages a group of men that includes both Jews and at least one Samaritan. Alternate translation: “Jesus was traveling along the border between Samaria and Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 17 12 d9mg writing-participants ἀπήντησαν δέκα λεπροὶ ἄνδρες 1 ten men who were lepers met him Luke uses this phrase to introduce these new characters into the story. Alternate translation: “ten men who were lepers came out to meet him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 17 12 i1sc figs-explicit οἳ ἔστησαν πόρρωθεν 1 who stood at a distance The **lepers** were not reluctant to engage Jesus. Rather, this was a respectful gesture, since they were not allowed to approach other people. Luke assumes that his readers will know that, but if it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate it explicitly. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “They stood at a distance, as they were required to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 13 l1j4 figs-idiom αὐτοὶ ἦραν φωνὴν 1 they lifted up their voice This idiom means that they spoke loudly. Alternate translation: “they called out in loud voices” or “they shouted out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 13 m134 φωνὴν 1 their voice If it would be unusual in your language for someone to speak as if a group of people had only one **voice**, you can use the plural form here. Alternate translation: “they called out in loud voices”
LUK 17 13 fsn5 figs-imperative ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς 1 have mercy on us This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please have mercy on us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 17 13 m135 figs-explicit ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς 1 have mercy on us The ten lepers assume that Jesus will know that they are specifically asking to be healed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “please have mercy on us and heal us” or “please be merciful to us by healing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 14 mrx8 figs-explicit πορευθέντες ἐπιδείξατε ἑαυτοὺς τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν 1 Go show yourselves to the priests People who had been lepers but who had been healed were required under the law of Moses to have the priests verify that fact. So the implication of this command is that Jesus is healing the men. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You are healed. Now go and show yourselves to the priests so they can verify that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 14 m137 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a significant development in the episode. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 17 14 jpk2 figs-activepassive ἐκαθαρίσθησαν 1 they were cleansed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 14 m138 figs-explicit ἐκαθαρίσθησαν 1 they were cleansed Luke uses the term **cleansed** for the healing of these lepers because when they were healed, they were no longer ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God healed them and so they were no longer ceremonially unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 15 tdt1 figs-activepassive ἰδὼν ὅτι ἰάθη 1 seeing that he had been healed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when he realized that Jesus had healed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 15 x5ja ὑπέστρεψεν 1 returned Alternate translation: “came back to where Jesus was”
LUK 17 15 pe1z figs-idiom μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης δοξάζων τὸν Θεόν 1 glorifying God with a loud voice This is an idiom that means the leper raised the volume of his voice. Alternate translation: “loudly praising God” or “shouting praises God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 16 ca9n translate-symaction ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 he fell on his face at his feet Bowing or lying down in front of Jesus was a humble sign of gratitude and respect for him. Be sure that it is clear in your translation that this man did not fall down accidentally. Alternate translation: “he bowed down in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 17 16 m139 writing-background καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν Σαμαρείτης 1 And he was a Samaritan Luke provides this background information about the man to help readers understand what happens next. Alternate translation: “Now he was a Samaritan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 17 17 m140 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 Then Jesus answering said Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus spoke in response to the Samaritan man coming back to thank him. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 17 17 hfa2 figs-explicit ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 Then Jesus answering said Jesus responded to what the man did, but he did so by speaking about the man to the group of people around him, rather than to the man directly. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus said to the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 17 m141 figs-activepassive οὐχὶ οἱ δέκα ἐκαθαρίσθησαν? 1 Were not the ten cleansed? If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Did I not cleanse ten lepers?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 17 cvb2 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ οἱ δέκα ἐκαθαρίσθησαν? 1 Were not the ten cleansed? Jesus is using the question form for emphasis, to show the people around him how surprised and disappointed he is that only one of the ten men whom he healed came back to thank and praise God. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that I healed ten men of their leprosy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 17 17 w8y3 figs-rquestion οἱ δὲ ἐννέα ποῦ? 1 But where are the nine? Jesus is not asking the crowd to tell him where the other nine men are. He is using the question form for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “The other nine men should have come back too!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 17 18 m142 grammar-connect-exceptions οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες δοῦναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος 1 Were they not found returning to give glory to God except this foreigner If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “Was this foreigner the only one who returned to give glory to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
LUK 17 18 rxh9 figs-rquestion οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες δοῦναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος? 1 Were they not found returning to give glory to God except this foreigner? Jesus is using the question form for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 17 18 m143 writing-pronouns οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες 1 Were they not found returning The word **they** refers to the lepers who were healed. Alternate translation: “Did none of the lepers I healed return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 17 18 m144 οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες 1 Were they not found returning If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the subject negative and the verb positive here. Alternate translation: “Did none of the lepers I healed return”
LUK 17 18 m145 figs-idiom οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες 1 Were they not found returning The term **found** is an idiom that means “could be found” or “was there.” Alternate translation: “Was there no one else who returned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 18 x64q figs-explicit ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος 1 this foreigner Samaritans had non-Jewish ancestors, and they did not worship God in the same way that the Jews did. The implication is that some of the lepers in the group were Jews, and Jesus would have expected them to return to give thanks to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “this foreigner, when the Jewish men should certainly have returned to thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 19 n2ce figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **faith** with a verb such as “believe.” Alternate translation: “Because you believed, that has saved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 17 19 m196 figs-explicit ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you While the word **saved** can mean “healed,” as in [7:3](../07/03.md) and [8:48](../08/48.md), that does not seem to be the meaning here. Since all ten of the lepers were healed, but only this man demonstrated that he believed, Jesus seems to be saying that beyond being healed, he received salvation through faith. Alternate translation: “Because you believed, you have received salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 19 m146 figs-personification ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you Jesus speaks figuratively of the leper’s **faith** as if it had actively saved him. Alternate translation: “Because you believed, you have received salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 17 20 lvu1 grammar-connect-time-background ἐπερωτηθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Φαρισαίων πότε ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 And having been asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God was coming Luke uses this phrase to begin relating a new event by introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens next. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Now some Pharisees asked Jesus when the kingdom of God was coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 17 20 m147 figs-quotations ἐπερωτηθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Φαρισαίων πότε ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 And having been asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God was coming If it would be clearer in your language, you could present this as a direct quotation rather than as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Now some Pharisees asked Jesus, ‘When is the kingdom of God coming?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 17 20 m148 figs-activepassive ἐπερωτηθεὶς…ὑπὸ τῶν Φαρισαίων 1 having been asked by the Pharisees If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who was the recipient of the action. Alternate translation: “some Pharisees asked Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 20 m149 figs-abstractnouns πότε ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 when the kingdom of God was coming See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “when God would begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 17 20 m150 figs-hendiadys ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν 1 he answered them and said Together the two words **answered** and **said** mean that Jesus said what follows in response to the question that the Pharisees asked him. Alternate translation: “he responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 17 20 yc3i figs-metonymy οὐκ ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ μετὰ παρατηρήσεως 1 The kingdom of God is not coming with observation Jesus uses the word **observation** figuratively to mean things that people can observe. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God is not coming with signs that people can observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 17 20 m151 figs-abstractnouns οὐκ ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The kingdom of God is not coming See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “God is not going to begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 17 21 m152 figs-quotesinquotes οὐδὲ ἐροῦσιν, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε, ἤ, ἐκεῖ 1 Neither will they say, ‘Behold, here!’ or ‘There!’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “People will not say that they see it near them in one place or over in another place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 21 m153 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ, ὧδε, ἤ, ἐκεῖ 1 ‘Behold, here!’ or ‘There!’ These people would be using the term **behold** to get others to focus their attention on what they were saying. In this case, it would be appropriate to translate the term with a popular expression in your language that has this meaning. Alternate translation: “‘Hey, here it is!’ or ‘There it is!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 21 m154 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 For behold Jesus is using the term **behold** to get the Pharisees to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Because—listen carefully now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 21 xj7z figs-you ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is within you This could mean one of two things. (1) Jesus could be saying that the kingdom is not coming with observable signs because it is a matter of what people believe and decide within themselves. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is inside of you” (2) Since the word **you** is plural here, Jesus could be saying that the kingdom is not coming with observable signs because it is a matter of something that happens within communities of people. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is in your midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 17 21 xpi7 figs-abstractnouns ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is within you See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “God is ruling inside of you” or “God is ruling in your midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 17 22 x3y2 figs-idiom ἐλεύσονται ἡμέραι ὅτε 1 The days will come when Jesus is using the term **days** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “There will be a time when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 22 v2i3 figs-idiom ἐπιθυμήσετε…ἰδεῖν 1 you will desire to see Jesus is using the term **see** figuratively to mean “experience.” Alternate translation: “you will want very much to experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 22 ly8x figs-metonymy μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 one of the days of the Son of Man Jesus is using his title **the Son of Man** figuratively to refer to the time when he will rule as king. Alternate translation: “one of the days when the Son of Man will rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 17 22 m155 figs-synecdoche μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 one of the days of the Son of Man Jesus is using one of these **days** to refer figuratively to the whole time that it belongs to. Alternate translation: “the time when the Son of Man will rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 17 22 z11c figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 17 22 m156 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 22 x7sq figs-idiom καὶ οὐκ ὄψεσθε 1 but you will not see it Jesus is using the term **see** figuratively to mean “experience.” Alternate translation: “but you will not experience it yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 23 dp8g figs-explicit ἐροῦσιν ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐκεῖ, ἤ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε 1 they will say to you, ‘Behold, there!’ or ‘Behold, here!’ The implication in context is that Jesus is speaking of the Son of Man or Messiah. Alternate translation: “People will say to you, ‘Look, the Messiah is over there!’ or, ‘Look, the Messiah is over here!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 23 m157 figs-quotesinquotes ἐροῦσιν ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐκεῖ, ἤ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε 1 they will say to you, ‘Behold, there!’ or ‘Behold, here!’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “People will tell you that the Messiah is over in one place or with them in another place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 17 23 m158 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ…ἰδοὺ 1 Behold…Behold These people would be using the term **behold** to get others to focus their attention on what they were saying. Alternate translation: “Hey…Hey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 23 m159 figs-doublet μὴ ἀπέλθητε μηδὲ διώξητε 1 Do not go out or run after them The expressions **go out** and **run after** mean similar things. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms into a single expression. Alternate translation: “Do not go where they tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 17 23 kjy2 figs-explicit μὴ ἀπέλθητε μηδὲ διώξητε 1 Do not go out or run after them The implication is that people would **go** to look for the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not go where they tell you to look for the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 24 m160 ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἀστράπτουσα ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν εἰς τὴν ὑπ’ οὐρανὸν λάμπει 1 just as the lightning flashing from a place under the sky shines to a place under the sky Alternate translation: “just as lightning that flashes lights up the sky from one end to the other”
LUK 17 24 i5rz figs-simile ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἀστράπτουσα ἐκ τῆς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν εἰς τὴν ὑπ’ οὐρανὸν λάμπει 1 just as the lightning flashing from a place under the sky shines to a place under the sky Jesus is using this comparison to indicate that he will be revealed suddenly and visibly as the Messiah and the world’s reigning king. Alternate translation: “for as the lightning appears suddenly and visibly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 17 24 m161 translate-textvariants οὕτως ἔσται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 so will the Son of Man be See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include the phrase “in his day” at the end of this verse in your translation. The note below suggests one way to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 17 24 m162 figs-explicit οὕτως ἔσται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 so will the Son of Man be The implication is that this refers to the future reign of Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. (If you have chosen to represent the phrase “in his day” in your translation, the alternate translation offered here would be expressing that as explicit meaning.) Alternate translation: “it will be like that when the Son of Man comes to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 24 m163 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 17 24 m164 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 25 csa3 figs-123person δεῖ αὐτὸν…παθεῖν 1 it is necessary for him to suffer Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “it is necessary for me to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 17 25 dp8a figs-activepassive ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 be rejected by this generation If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “the people of this generation must reject him” or, if you translated with the first person, “the people of this generation must reject me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 25 m165 figs-metonymy τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation Jesus is using the term **generation** figuratively to mean the people who were born in the current generation. Alternate translation: “the people living at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 17 26 d2ne καθὼς ἐγένετο…οὕτως ἔσται καὶ 1 just as it happened…so it will also be Alternate translation: “just as people were doing certain things…so people will be doing the same things”
LUK 17 26 v1sr figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Νῶε 1 in the days of Noah Jesus is using the term **days** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time when Noah was living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 26 m166 translate-names Νῶε 1 Noah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 17 26 ktl1 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 in the days of the Son of Man Jesus is using the term **days** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time when the Son of Man is about to return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 26 m167 figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 17 26 m168 figs-explicit τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 27 eu24 figs-synecdoche ἤσθιον, ἔπινον, ἐγάμουν, ἐγαμίζοντο 1 They were eating, they were drinking, they were marrying, they were being given in marriage Jesus describes several regular activities to refer figuratively to regular activities in general. Alternate translation: “they were going about their normal lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 17 27 uh5k figs-activepassive ἐγαμίζοντο 1 they were being given in marriage If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who was doing the action. Alternate translation: “parents were giving their daughters in marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 27 m169 figs-idiom ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας 1 until the day While Noah and his family did enter the ark on a specific **day**, Jesus is likely using the word **day** figuratively to mean a specific time. Alternate translation: “right up to the moment when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 27 hb8s translate-unknown τὴν κιβωτόν 1 the ark This term refers to the structure that Noah built on God’s instructions to save himself and his family from the flood. If your readers would not recognize this specific term, you could use a more general one. Alternate translation: “the ship he built” or “the barge he built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 27 qt8b figs-hyperbole πάντας 1 them all This does not include Noah and his family, who were in the ark. Alternate translation: “all those who were not in the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 17 28 m170 figs-ellipsis καθὼς ἐγένετο ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Λώτ 1 just as it happened in the days of Lot Jesus is drawing another analogy here like the one in [17:27](../17/27.md), but in this case he does not specify the object of the comparison right away. He does not do so explicitly until [17:30](../17/30.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply that information here. Alternate translation: “people were doing certain things at the time when Lot lived, and people will be doing the same things at the time when I am about to return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 17 28 m171 figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Λώτ 1 in the days of Lot Jesus is using the term **days** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time when Lot was living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 28 m172 translate-names Λώτ 1 Lot This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 17 28 m173 figs-synecdoche ἤσθιον, ἔπινον, ἠγόραζον, ἐπώλουν, ἐφύτευον, ᾠκοδόμουν 1 they were eating, they were drinking, they were buying, they were selling, they were planting, they were building Jesus describes several regular activities to refer figuratively to regular activities in general. Alternate translation: “they were going about their normal lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 17 28 u93v writing-pronouns ἤσθιον 1 they were eating The implication from [17:29](../17/29.md) is that the word **they** refers to the people of Sodom. Alternate translation: “the people of Sodom were eating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 17 29 m174 figs-idiom ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ 1 but in the day While Lot did leave Sodom on a specific **day**, Jesus is likely using the word **day** figuratively to mean a specific time. Alternate translation: “but at the moment when” or “but as soon as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 29 m175 translate-names Σοδόμων 1 Sodom This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 17 29 gp77 figs-simile ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ 1 it rained fire and sulfur from heaven In some languages, **rained** can mean “fell in large quantities.” If the verb for water falling from the sky does not have that extended meaning in your language, you can translate this as a simile. Alternate translation: “fire and burning sulfur fell from the sky like rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 17 29 skp4 figs-hyperbole πάντας 1 them all This does not include Lot and his family. Alternate translation: “all those who stayed in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 17 30 m176 κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἔσται 1 It will be according to these things Alternate translation: “It will be just like that”
LUK 17 30 w3uh figs-explicit κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἔσται 1 It will be according to these things The implication is that people will be occupied with ordinary activities and not expecting anything out of the ordinary to happen. Alternate translation: “In the same way, people will not be ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 30 m177 figs-idiom ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ 1 in the day Jesus is using the term **day** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 30 v9ki figs-activepassive ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἀποκαλύπτεται 1 the Son of Man is revealed If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man appears” or “the Son of man returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 30 pfe1 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 17 30 m178 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 31 m179 figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 In that day Jesus is using the term **day** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “At that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 17 31 i9eq figs-hypo ὃς ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι αὐτά 1 whoever is on the housetop and his goods are in the house, let him not go down to take them away Jesus is speaking of a hypothetical situation that might occur at this time. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone is doing something on the roof of his house. Then he should not go inside to get his valuables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 31 ep81 translate-unknown ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος 1 on the housetop In this culture, housetops were flat and people could go up onto them without being in danger of sliding off. Housetops were used for a variety of purposes, such as storing and ripening grain and fruit, sleeping in hot weather, and gathering in a large open space. If housetops or roofs are different in your culture and your readers would not understand that Jesus is speaking of someone doing an ordinary activity, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “doing something outside the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 31 jj9c τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ 1 his goods Alternate translation: “his possessions” or “his valuables”
LUK 17 31 m180 figs-explicit μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι αὐτά 1 let him not go down to take them away The implication is that people should flee immediately without even taking the time to secure their valuables. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he should flee immediately, without going inside to get his valuables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 31 m181 figs-hypo καὶ ὁ ἐν ἀγρῷ, ὁμοίως ἐπιστρεψάτω εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω 1 and the one in the field, likewise let him not turn to the things behind Jesus is speaking of a hypothetical situation that might occur at this time. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone is out working in the field. Then he too should not go back into the house for anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 31 suh5 figs-explicit ἐπιστρεψάτω εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω 1 let him not turn to the things behind The implication once again is that people should flee immediately without even taking the time to secure their valuables. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he should flee immediately, without going back to the house to get his valuables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 32 fz8m figs-explicit μνημονεύετε τῆς γυναικὸς Λώτ 1 Remember the wife of Lot Jesus assumes that his disciples will know that Lot’s **wife** looked back toward Sodom and that God punished her along with the people of Sodom. Alternate translation: “Remember what happened to Lot’s wife when she looked back toward Sodom” or “Do not do what Lot’s wife did and wish you were back among people whom God is punishing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 32 m182 translate-names Λώτ 1 Lot This is the name of a man. See how you translated it in [17:28](../17/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 17 33 d9fl ὃς ἐὰν ζητήσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ περιποιήσασθαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτήν 1 Whoever seeks to keep his life will lose it Alternate translation: “Whoever tries to save his old way of living will lose his life”
LUK 17 33 kvw6 ὃς δ’ ἂν ἀπολέσει, ζῳογονήσει αὐτήν 1 but whoever will lose it will preserve it Alternate translation: “but whoever gives up his old way of living will save his life”
LUK 17 34 p84l λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully”
LUK 17 34 j3b6 figs-hypo ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ ἔσονται δύο ἐπὶ κλίνης μιᾶς 1 in that night there will be two in one bed Jesus is speaking of a hypothetical situation that might occur at this time. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Suppose this were to happen at night, and suppose there were two people sleeping in the same bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 34 at99 translate-unknown ἐπὶ κλίνης μιᾶς 1 in one bed If your readers would not be familiar with what a **bed** is, you could use the name of the sleeping furniture that people in your own culture use, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “on one mat” or “side by side” or “in the same place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 34 e9hj figs-activepassive ὁ εἷς παραλημφθήσεται, καὶ ὁ ἕτερος ἀφεθήσεται 1 The one will be taken and the other will be left If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active forms for both of these verbs, and you can say who would do the actions. This could mean one of two things. (1) The person who is **taken** may be one whom God takes out of a situation in which they would be destroyed, as God brought Lot out of Sodom, and the person who is **left** may be one who remains in a situation where they will be destroyed, like the people who remained in Sodom. That is the interpretation of UST. Alternate translation: “God will spare one of them but destroy the other” (2) In the parallel to this passage in the gospel of Matthew, Jesus says that the people living in Noah’s time “knew nothing until the flood came and took them all away” (Matthew 24:39 ULT). So the person who is **taken** may actually be one whom God destroys, and the one who is **left** may be one whom God spares and allows to remain alive. Alternate translation: “God will destroy one of them but spare the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 34 m183 figs-hypo ὁ εἷς παραλημφθήσεται 1 The one will be taken If you translated the first sentence in this verse as the condition of a hypothetical situation, translate this sentence as the result of that condition. Alternate translation: “Then one of them will be taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 35 il9v figs-hypo ἔσονται δύο ἀλήθουσαι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό 1 There will be two grinding together Jesus is speaking of a hypothetical situation that might occur at this time. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Suppose that when this happens, two women are grinding grain together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 35 m184 δύο 1 two The verb is feminine, so this means “two women.” (In [17:34](../17/34.md) and [17:36](../17/36.md), grammatically masculine forms are used, but conventionally in Greek that means that the people are not known to be all women, they could be men or women, so a general term such as “people” would be appropriate in those verses.) Alternate translation: “two women”
LUK 17 35 t4zn translate-unknown ἀλήθουσαι 1 grinding This refers to the process of breaking up grain into very small pieces so that it can be used for cooking. If your readers would not be familiar with grain, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “grinding grain” or “preparing food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 35 m185 figs-activepassive ἡ μία παραλημφθήσεται, ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα ἀφεθήσεται 1 The one will be taken, but the other will be left If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active forms for both of these verbs, and you can say who would do the actions. See how you decided to translate this in [17:34](../17/34.md). Alternate translation: “God will spare one of them but destroy the other” or “God will destroy one of them but spare the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 35 m186 figs-hypo ἡ μία παραλημφθήσεται 1 The one will be taken If you translated the first sentence in this verse as the condition of a hypothetical situation, translate this sentence as the result of that condition. Alternate translation: “Then one of them will be taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 36 m187 translate-textvariants δύο ἐν ἀγρῷ εἰς παραληφθήσεται καὶ ὁ ἕτερος ἀφεθήσεται 1 There will be two in the field; one will be taken and the other will be left See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include this verse in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in the verse, for those who decide to include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 17 36 m188 figs-hypo δύο ἐν ἀγρῷ 1 There will be two in the field Jesus is speaking of a hypothetical situation that might occur at this time. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Suppose that when this happens, two people are out working in a field (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 36 m189 figs-activepassive εἰς παραληφθήσεται καὶ ὁ ἕτερος ἀφεθήσεται 1 one will be taken and the other will be left If it would be clearer in your language, you could use active forms for both of these verbs, and you can say who would do the actions. See how you decided to translate this in [17:34](../17/34.md). Alternate translation: “God will spare one of them but destroy the other” or “God will destroy one of them but spare the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 17 36 m190 figs-hypo εἰς παραληφθήσεται 1 one will be taken If you translated the beginning of this verse as the condition of a hypothetical situation, translate as the result of that condition, as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Then one of them will be taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 17 37 m191 ἀποκριθέντες λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 answering they say to him To convey the vividness and immediacy of the disciples’ question, Luke uses the present tense in past narration here. See how you decided to approach this usage in [7:40](../07/40.md). If it would not be natural to use the present tense in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “the disciples responded to him”
LUK 17 37 m192 figs-hendiadys ἀποκριθέντες λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 answering they say to him Together the two words **answering** and **say** mean that the disciples responded to what Jesus had been telling them by asking him a question about it. Alternate translation: “the disciples responded to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 17 37 wmg6 figs-explicit ποῦ, Κύριε 1 Where, Lord The implication is that the disciples are asking where the things that Jesus has been describing will happen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Lord, where will these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 37 fen1 writing-proverbs ὅπου τὸ σῶμα, ἐκεῖ καὶ οἱ ἀετοὶ ἐπισυναχθήσονται 1 Where the body is, there also the vultures will be gathered together Jesus may be quoting a popular proverb of the time. Alternate translation: “The location will be obvious from the things that you see happening there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
LUK 17 37 m193 figs-metaphor ὅπου τὸ σῶμα, ἐκεῖ καὶ οἱ ἀετοὶ ἐπισυναχθήσονται 1 Where the body is, there also the vultures will be gathered together In this proverb, **the body** and **the vultures** are figurative. If you would like present the same image to your readers but your language does not use metaphors, you could express this as a simile. Alternate translation: “Just as vultures gather where there is a dead body, so the things I have described will indicate where this is about to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 37 m6ca translate-unknown οἱ ἀετοὶ 1 the vultures The word **vultures** describes large birds that travel in flocks and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find. If your readers would not be familiar with **vultures**, you could use the name of similar birds in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the scavenger birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 17 37 m194 figs-activepassive ἐπισυναχθήσονται 1 will be gathered together If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “will flock together” or “will assemble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 intro v92v 0 # Luke 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus tells a parable about a widow and a judge (18:1–8)<br>2. Jesus tells a parable about a Pharisee and a tax collector (18:9–14)<br>3. Jesus blesses little children (18:15–17)<br>4. Jesus teaches about wealth and the kingdom of God (18:18–30)<br>5. Jesus warns about his impending death (18:31–34)<br>6. Jesus heals a blind man in Jericho (18:35–43)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judges<br><br>People expected judges always to do what God said was right and to make sure that other people did what was right. But some judges did not care about doing right or making sure others did right. Jesus called this kind of judge “unjust.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Pharisees and tax collectors<br><br>The Pharisees thought that they themselves were the best examples of righteous good people, and they thought that tax collectors were the most unrighteous sinners. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important textual issues in this chapter<br><br>### “that he had become sad”<br><br>At the beginning of 18:24, in the story of the ruler who asked Jesus how he could have eternal life, some ancient manuscripts of the Bible say that Jesus saw “that he had become sad.” However, the ancient manuscripts considered to be the most accurate do not have that phrase. They say simply that Jesus looked at him. ULT does not have the phrase in its text, but it does have it in a footnote. UST represents the phrase in its text.<br><br>### “we have left everything”<br><br>In 18:28, in some ancient manuscripts of the Bible, Peter says that the disciples have left “everything” to follow Jesus. In other manuscripts, the expression is “our own possessions.” ULT says “everything” in its text, but it acknowledges the possibility “our own possessions” in a footnote. UST, expanding on the meaning of “everything,” accommodates both possibilities by saying “everything we had.”<br><br>In each of these cases, if a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow its reading. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the example of ULT, or you may wish to offer a reading like the one in UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 18 1 r26t figs-parables ἔλεγεν δὲ παραβολὴν αὐτοῖς, πρὸς τὸ 1 Then he spoke a parable to them to show that Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told his disciples this story to help them understand that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 18 2 l2qr λέγων 1 saying If it would be clearer in your language, you could begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He said”
LUK 18 2 ph5w writing-participants κριτής τις ἦν ἔν τινι πόλει 1 In a certain city there was a certain judge Jesus uses this phrase to introduce one of the main characters in this parable. Alternate translation: “There once was a judge who lived in a certain city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 18 2 d77j writing-background τὸν Θεὸν μὴ φοβούμενος καὶ ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος 1 not fearing God and not respecting men Jesus provides this background information about the **judge** to help his disciples understand what happens in the story. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He did not make his decisions based on what God wanted or on what other people thought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 18 2 m195 figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπον 1 men Jesus is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 18 3 ie2v writing-participants χήρα δὲ ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ 1 And there was a widow in that city Jesus uses this phrase to introduce the other main character into the story. Alternate translation: “There was also a woman who lived in that city whose husband had died” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 18 3 jhk6 figs-explicit χήρα 1 a widow A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried. Jesus assumes that his disciples will know that in this culture, she would have had no one to protect her from anyone who was trying to take advantage of her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a woman whose husband had died, and so she had no one to protect her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 3 xfg3 ἤρχετο πρὸς αὐτὸν 1 she was coming to him The Greek verb here indicates repeated or continual action. Alternate translation: “she kept coming to the judge”
LUK 18 3 m131 figs-quotesinquotes λέγουσα, ἐκδίκησόν με ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου μου 1 saying, ‘Vindicate me against my opponent’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and asking him to make a fair ruling in her case against her opponent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 3 kj2l figs-imperative ἐκδίκησόν με ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου μου 1 Vindicate me against my opponent This is an imperative, but since the woman is not in a position to make a demand, it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give me a fair ruling in my case against my opponent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 18 3 xc7k translate-unknown τοῦ ἀντιδίκου μου 1 my opponent This term refers specifically to the opposing party in a lawsuit. It is not clear whether the widow is suing the man to protect her interests, or the man is suing the widow to try to take things from her unfairly. If your language has a specific term for a legal adversary, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 18 4 m197 μετὰ ταῦτα 1 after these things Alternate translation: “later on” or “eventually”
LUK 18 4 m198 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, εἰ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν οὐ φοβοῦμαι οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον ἐντρέπομαι 1 he said to himself, ‘Even if I do not fear God or respect man’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he decided that even though he did not make his decisions based on what God wanted or on what other people thought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 4 m199 grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν οὐ φοβοῦμαι οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον ἐντρέπομαι 1 Even if I do not fear God or respect man The judge speaks as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what the judge is saying is not actually the case, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Even though I do not make my decisions based on what God wants or on what other people think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
LUK 18 4 bh3q figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπον 1 men The judge is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 18 5 m200 figs-quotesinquotes διά γε τὸ παρέχειν μοι κόπον τὴν χήραν ταύτην, ἐκδικήσω αὐτήν, ἵνα μὴ εἰς τέλος ἐρχομένη ὑπωπιάζῃ με 1 yet because this widow causes me trouble, I will vindicate her, so that she will not beat me up by coming to the end If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation (continuing the sentence from the previous verse): “because this widow bothered him, he would give a fair ruling in her case, so that she would not wear him out by coming incessantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 5 cf4e figs-metaphor ὑπωπιάζῃ με 1 beat me up The judge speaks figuratively of the wearying effect of the widow’s constant pleas as if they were physically pummeling him. Alternate translation: “wear me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 5 ub29 figs-idiom εἰς τέλος ἐρχομένη 1 by coming to the end The expression **to the end** is an idiom that means “perpetually” or “forever.” Alternate translation: “by coming to me incessantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 6 m201 ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord Luke refers to Jesus here by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “the Lord Jesus”
LUK 18 6 t9mg figs-idiom ἀκούσατε τί ὁ κριτὴς τῆς ἀδικίας λέγει 1 Listen to what the unrighteous judge says The term **listen to** is an idiom here that means “think about.” Jesus says this to get his disciples to reflect on what the judge said at the end of the parable. He is not introducing a further statement from the judge. Translate this in such a way that your readers will understand that Jesus has already related what the judge said. Alternate translation: “Think about what the unjust judge said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 7 t1sk figs-rquestion ὁ δὲ Θεὸς οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ τὴν ἐκδίκησιν τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν αὐτοῦ 1 And will not God do the vindication of his elect Jesus is using the question form for emphasis as he teaches his disciples. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now God will certainly answer the prayers of the people he has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 18 7 e2lv figs-explicit ὁ δὲ Θεὸς οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ τὴν ἐκδίκησιν τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν αὐτοῦ 1 And will not God do the vindication of his elect Jesus is drawing an implicit comparison between the unrighteous human judge and **God**, who is the perfectly righteous divine judge. The implication is that if even the human judge would ensure justice for someone who persevered in pleading for it, God would certainly do so. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “If an unrighteous human judge would ensure justice for someone who persevered in pleading for it, God will certainly answer the prayers of the people he has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 7 m202 figs-merism τῶν βοώντων αὐτῷ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός 1 the ones crying out to him day and night Jesus is using the phrase **day and night** figuratively to describe all of time, by referring to its two components. Alternate translation: “who pray to him all the time” or “who ask him for help continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
LUK 18 7 ljb4 figs-idiom καὶ μακροθυμεῖ ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς 1 and he delays long over them Jesus may be using the word **and** here in an idiomatic sense to mean “even if.” (UST offers another possible interpretation of this phrase.) Alternate translation: “even if he takes a long time to answer their prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 8 m203 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
LUK 18 8 m204 figs-explicit ποιήσει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν αὐτῶν ἐν τάχει 1 he will do the vindication of them quickly The point of the parable and of this teaching is that people should continue to pray even if God does not answer right away. So this statement might seem contradictory, since it suggests that God will answer right away. The implication may be that God is concerned for his people and will begin to act immediately to help them, even if his actions do not become apparent for some time. If you think your readers would be puzzled or troubled by the apparent contradiction, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will start to answer their prayers right away” or “he will begin to send them help right away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 8 zi1f figs-rquestion πλὴν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐλθὼν, ἆρα εὑρήσει τὴν πίστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς? 1 Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he indeed find faith on the earth? Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. This particular question uses a word that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, it is doubtful that the Son of Man will find faith on the earth when he returns.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 18 8 m205 figs-explicit πλὴν 1 Nevertheless The reference of this word is implied in the context. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make it explicit. Alternate translation: “Even though God readily answers prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 8 inw3 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 18 8 m206 figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 8 m207 figs-explicit τὴν πίστιν 1 faith When Jesus asks whether he will find **faith** on the earth, he may be referring implicitly to the kind of persevering trust in God that would lead a person to continue praying even when the answer was delayed. (UST offers another possible interpretation of this word.) Alternate translation: “this kind of persevering faith” or “this kind of persevering trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 9 n2b5 figs-parables εἶπεν δὲ καὶ πρός τινας…τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην 1 Then he also spoke this parable to some Jesus now tells a brief story to correct some wrong attitudes that he realized certain people had. The story is designed teach something that is true in a way that is easy to understand and remember. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told this story to correct certain people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 18 9 pmp1 writing-participants πρός τινας 1 to some Luke uses this phrase to introduce some new characters, but he does not say specifically who these people were. (The story that Jesus tells suggests that they may have been Pharisees.) Alternate translation: “to some people who were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 18 9 b6zy τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς ὅτι εἰσὶν δίκαιοι 1 who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous Alternate translation: “who had convinced themselves that they were righteous” or “who considered themselves to be righteous”
LUK 18 9 rs6q καὶ ἐξουθενοῦντας τοὺς λοιποὺς 1 who disdained others Alternate translation: “who thought they were superior to other people”
LUK 18 10 m208 writing-participants ἄνθρωποι δύο 1 Two men Jesus uses this phrase to introduce the characters in this parable. Alternate translation: “Once there were two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 18 10 m209 figs-idiom ἀνέβησαν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν προσεύξασθαι 1 went up to the temple to pray When Jesus says that these men **went up**, he likely means that they traveled to Jerusalem. That was the customary way of speaking about going there, since the city was up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “who went to pray in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 10 qp39 figs-synecdoche εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 to the temple Since only priests could enter the **temple** building, this means the **temple** courtyard. Jesus is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 18 10 m210 writing-background ὁ εἷς Φαρισαῖος καὶ ὁ ἕτερος τελώνης 1 the one a Pharisee, and the other a tax collector Jesus provides this background information to help his listeners understand what happens in the story. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Now one of these men was a Pharisee, and the other man was a tax collector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 18 11 mi9g figs-quotesinquotes ταῦτα πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο, ὁ Θεός, εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ ὥσπερ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἅρπαγες, ἄδικοι, μοιχοί, ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 1 was praying these things about himself, ‘God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of men—robbers, unrighteous, adulterers—or even like this tax collector If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “prayed about himself and thanked God that he was not like other people, who were robbers, unrighteous, and adulterers, or even like the tax collector who was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 11 m211 figs-youformal εὐχαριστῶ σοι 1 I thank you The word **you** is singular here because the Pharisee is addressing God. If your language has a formal form of **you** that it uses to address a superior respectfully, you may wish to use that form here. Alternatively, it might be effective to show this man addressing God using a familiar form, as if he could presume on God’s friendship and approval. Use your best judgment about what form to use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]])
LUK 18 11 m212 figs-gendernotations οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 the rest of men The Pharisee is using the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 18 11 lud3 translate-unknown ἅρπαγες 1 robbers The word **robbers** describes people who steal from other people by forcing them to give things to them. Your language may have a specific term for this kind of person. Alternate translation: “bandits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 18 11 m213 figs-nominaladj ἄδικοι 1 unrighteous The Pharisee is using the adjective **unrighteous** as a noun, to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “evildoers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 18 11 z78w figs-explicit ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 1 or even like this tax collector The Pharisees believed that any **tax collector** would be dishonest and cheat others, and so as a group they were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. Alternate translation: “and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 12 m214 figs-quotesinquotes νηστεύω δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου; ἀποδεκατεύω πάντα, ὅσα κτῶμαι 1 I fast twice a week. I tithe all that I acquire If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He boasted that he fasted twice a week and that he gave ten percent of all his income to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 12 ru63 figs-idiom ἀποδεκατεύω πάντα ὅσα κτῶμαι 1 I tithe all that I acquire To **tithe** means to give ten percent of one’s income to God, as required in the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “I give you ten percent of all my income” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 13 c37t translate-symaction ὁ δὲ τελώνης μακρόθεν ἑστὼς 1 But the tax collector, standing at a distance This was a sign of humility. The **tax collector** did not feel worthy to be near the Pharisee and the other people in the temple courtyard. It may be helpful to make each of the phrases in this verse a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “But the tax collector humbly stood by himself, away from the other people who were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 18 13 qtt7 figs-idiom οὐκ ἤθελεν οὐδὲ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπᾶραι εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 1 not even willing to lift his eyes toward heaven The phrase **lift his eyes** means to look at something. Alternate translation: “He did not even want to look up toward heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 13 m215 figs-explicit εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 1 toward heaven See how you translated the similar expression in [9:16](../09/16.md). Alternate translation: “beyond the sky towards God in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 13 c7x7 translate-symaction ἀλλ’ ἔτυπτε τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ 1 but was beating his breast This was a physical expression of great sorrow, and it showed this man’s repentance and humility. Alternate translation: “Instead, he hit his chest to demonstrate his shame and sorrow over his sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 18 13 m216 figs-quotesinquotes λέγων, ὁ Θεός, ἱλάσθητί μοι, τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ 1 saying, ‘God,havemercyonme,thesinner’ If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He admitted that he was a sinner and asked God to have mercy on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 13 mx5p figs-imperative ὁ Θεός, ἱλάσθητί μοι, τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ 1 God, have mercy on me, the sinner This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “God, please be merciful to me, I confess that I am a sinner” or “God, please forgive me, even though I have committed many sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 18 14 m217 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully”
LUK 18 14 m218 οὗτος…παρ’ ἐκεῖνον 1 this one…rather than that one Alternate translation: “the latter…rather than the former” or “the tax collector…rather than the Pharisee”
LUK 18 14 m219 figs-activepassive κατέβη οὗτος δεδικαιωμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 this one went down to his house justified If it would be clearer in your language, you could use an active verbal form in place of the passive form **justified**. Alternate translation: “the tax collector was right with God when he went home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 14 s1yr figs-explicit κατέβη οὗτος δεδικαιωμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 this one went down to his house justified The implication is that the tax collector was right with God because God forgave his sin when he prayed humbly and repentantly. Alternate translation: “the tax collector was right with God when he went home, because God forgave his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 14 m220 figs-idiom κατέβη…εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 went down to his house When Jesus says that this man **went down** to his house, he likely means that he returned home from Jerusalem, since the city was up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “returned to his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 14 qrg3 figs-explicit παρ’ ἐκεῖνον 1 rather than that one The implication is that the Pharisee was not right with God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the Pharisee was not right with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 14 n7xr figs-activepassive ταπεινωθήσεται 1 will be humbled If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 14 uuc5 figs-activepassive ὑψωθήσεται 1 will be exalted If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 14 m221 figs-metaphor ὑψωθήσεται 1 will be exalted Jesus is using a spatial metaphor to describe someone who is honored as if he were high up. Alternate translation: “God will honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 15 m260 grammar-connect-time-background δὲ 1 And Luke uses this word to begin relating a new event by introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
LUK 18 15 abcm writing-pronouns προσέφερον…αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ βρέφη 1 they were bringing even the infants to him The word **they** here refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “people were bringing their children to Jesus, even their newborns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 18 15 m222 translate-symaction ἵνα αὐτῶν ἅπτηται 1 so that he might touch them If Jesus would **touch** the babies, this would express God’s love for them and convey God’s blessing to them. Alternate translation: “so that he could put his hands on them and bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 18 15 kxd9 figs-explicit ἐπετίμων αὐτοῖς 1 they were rebuking them If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more explicitly what this means. Alternate translation: “they tried to stop the parents from bringing their children to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 16 y3qg ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς προσεκαλέσατο αὐτὰ 1 But Jesus summoned them Alternate translation: “But Jesus called the children to come to him”
LUK 18 16 j8x3 figs-verbs ἄφετε τὰ παιδία ἔρχεσθαι πρός με, καὶ μὴ κωλύετε αὐτά 1 Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them The verb in the first phrase indicates a one-time action, while the verb in the second phrase indicates an ongoing action. Alternate translation: “Allow these children to come to me, and do not ever forbid children to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]])
LUK 18 16 u7sq figs-simile τῶν…τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of such is the kingdom of God It becomes clear in [18:17](../18/17.md) that this is simile. You could express it as one here. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God consists of people who are like these little children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 18 16 m223 figs-abstractnouns τῶν…τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of such is the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “people who are like children will let God rule their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 17 p5lq ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 18 17 m224 figs-abstractnouns δέξηται τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 receive the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “let God rule over him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 17 ar8e figs-simile ὡς παιδίον 1 like a child If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the basis of this comparison. Alternate translation: “with trust and humility like a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 18 17 m225 οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτήν 1 will certainly not enter into it Alternate translation: “will not let God rule over him at all”
LUK 18 18 a5qz writing-participants καὶ ἐπηρώτησέν τις αὐτὸν ἄρχων 1 And a certain ruler asked him Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “Then a Jewish leader came up to Jesus and asked him a question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 18 18 d6kf τί ποιήσας 1 doing what Alternate translation: “what do I need to do” or “what does God require of me”
LUK 18 18 xrs8 figs-metaphor κληρονομήσω 1 will I inherit The ruler is using the term **inherit** figuratively to mean coming into possession of something. Alternate translation: “will I receive” or “will I obtain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 19 fxi2 figs-rquestion τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν? οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς, εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ Θεός 1 Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone Jesus is using the question form as a teaching tool. He is not asking the ruler to explain why he used this term. Jesus is also not denying that he is God. Rather, he is challenging the ruler to reflect on whether, in light of God’s holiness, he should consider any human being to be **good**. The ruler apparently considers Jesus to be a **good** human being, and he wants to know how he can be **good** enough himself to earn God’s approval. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate Jesus’ words as a statement, and it may be helpful to combine that statement with the next sentence in the verse. Alternate translation: “You should not consider any human being to be good, since no one is good except God alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 18 20 m226 figs-explicit τὰς ἐντολὰς οἶδας 1 You know the commandments The implication is that Jesus is saying this in response to the ruler’s question. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “As for what God expects from us, you know what he has commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 20 m227 figs-quotesinquotes μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, μὴ φονεύσῃς, μὴ κλέψῃς, μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα 1 do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not testify falsely, honor your father and mother You may wish to represent these commandments as a second-level direct quotation within Jesus’ reply to the ruler, using the capitalization and punctuation conventions of your language. That is what UST does. However, if you do not wish to have a quotation within a quotation in your translation, you could represent these commandments as an indirect quotation. That is what ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
LUK 18 20 m261 figs-youcrowd σου 1 your Jesus is reciting these commandments from the Scriptures, and the word **your** is singular because that is the way Moses spoke the commandments, since even though he gave them to the Israelites as a group, each individual person was supposed to obey them. So in your translation, it would be appropriate to use the singular form of **your**. The implied **you** in the imperative verbs would also be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
LUK 18 21 m5qf figs-abstractnouns ταῦτα πάντα ἐφύλαξα ἐκ νεότητος μου 1 All these things I have kept from my youth If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **youth** with an adjective such as “young.” Alternate translation: “I have obeyed all of these commandments ever since I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 22 e8il ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 But Jesus, hearing, said to him Alternate translation: “When Jesus heard the ruler say that, he responded”
LUK 18 22 t2cw ἔτι ἕν σοι λείπει 1 One thing is still lacking to you Alternate translation: “You still need to do one more thing” or “There is one thing that you have not yet done”
LUK 18 22 d3ar πάντα ὅσα ἔχεις, πώλησον 1 Sell all that you have Alternate translation: “Sell all your possessions” or “Sell everything that you own”
LUK 18 22 c4s5 figs-nominaladj πτωχοῖς 1 distribute to the poor Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun, to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “give away the money to people who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 18 22 hy6a figs-metaphor δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει μοι 1 come, follow me As in [5:27](../05/27.md), to **follow** Jesus means to be one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “come with me as my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 23 m228 ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας ταῦτα 1 But he, hearing these things Alternate translation: “But when the ruler heard what Jesus said”
LUK 18 24 m229 translate-textvariants ἰδὼν δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Then Jesus, looking at him Many manuscripts have two additional Greek words here, so that this says, “Then Jesus, seeing him having become sad.” See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to represent those words in your translation. Alternate translation (if you choose to represent them): “Then Jesus, noticing how sad the ruler had become” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 18 24 qcm7 figs-exclamations πῶς δυσκόλως οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες, εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσπορεύονται 1 How difficultly those who have riches are entering into the kingdom of God This is an exclamation, not a question. Alternate translation: “It is so very difficult for those who are rich to enter the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 18 24 m230 figs-abstractnouns πῶς δυσκόλως οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες, εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσπορεύονται 1 How difficultly those who have riches are entering into the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “It is so very difficult for those who are rich to allow God to rule their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 25 hdz1 figs-hyperbole εὐκοπώτερον γάρ ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τρήματος βελόνης εἰσελθεῖν ἢ 1 it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for It is impossible for **a camel** to fit through **the eye of a needle** Jesus is using an exaggeration to express how difficult it is for a rich person to enter God’s kingdom. Alternate translation: “it is extremely difficult for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 18 25 m231 translate-unknown κάμηλον 1 camel A **camel** is a large animal that was used in this culture to transport people and goods. If your readers would not know what a **camel** is, you could use the name of a similar animal that they would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a huge beast of burden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 18 25 j7x3 translate-unknown τρήματος βελόνης 1 the eye of a needle The **eye of a needle** is the hole in a sewing needle through which the thread is passed. If your language has an expression of its own that describes this hole, you can use it in your translation. Otherwise, you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the tiny hole for thread in a needle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 18 25 m232 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν 1 to enter into the kingdom of God See how you translated this phrase in [18:24](../18/24.md). Alternate translation: “to allow God to rule his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 26 ycm3 οἱ ἀκούσαντες 1 the ones who heard Alternate translation: “the people who were listening to Jesus”
LUK 18 26 vu3z figs-rquestion καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 And who is able to be saved? It is possible that these people were asking for an answer. But it is more likely that they were using the question form to emphasize their surprise at what Jesus said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “Then no one can be saved!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 18 26 m233 figs-activepassive καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 And who is able to be saved? If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could specify the agent. Alternate translation: “Then God is not going to save anyone!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 27 ms9b figs-nominaladj τὰ ἀδύνατα παρὰ ἀνθρώποις δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ ἐστιν 1 The impossible with men is possible with God Jesus is using the adjectives **impossible** and **impossible** as nouns, to describe types of things. The terms are plural. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these terms with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “The things that are impossible for people to do are possible for God to do” or “God is able to do the things that people are not able to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]
LUK 18 28 m235 figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Peter uses the term **Behold** to get Jesus to focus his attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 28 znu6 figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν…ἠκολουθήσαμέν 1 we have left…we have followed Peter is referring to himself and his fellow disciples, but not to Jesus, so if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive **we**, use the exclusive form in both of these cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 18 28 yk9b πάντα 1 everything This is not hyperbole. Peter and the others did leave behind everything they had in order to become Jesus’ disciples. Alternate translation: “all our possessions”
LUK 18 28 m236 translate-textvariants πάντα 1 everything Some manuscripts say “our own possessions” here instead of “everything.” See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide which reading to use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
LUK 18 28 m262 figs-metaphor καὶ ἠκολουθήσαμέν σοι 1 and we have followed you As in [18:22](../18/22.md), to **follow** Jesus means to be one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “in order to become your disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 29 vz2w ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize the importance of what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this carefully”
LUK 18 29 sk6z figs-doublenegatives οὐδείς ἐστιν ὃς ἀφῆκεν 1 there is no one who has left A double negative statement begins in this verse and concludes in the next verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the entire double negative statement as a positive statement. Alternate translation, beginning here: “anyone who has left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 18 29 m237 figs-abstractnouns εἵνεκεν τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for the sake of the kingdom of God See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [4:43](../04/43.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “in order to allow God to rule over his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 30 s6rp figs-doublenegatives ὃς οὐχὶ μὴ ἀπολάβῃ 1 who will by no means not receive This is the conclusion of the double negative statement that began in the previous verse with “there is no one who has left.” If you started to translate it there as a positive statement, you can finish that translation here. Alternate translation: “will certainly receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
LUK 18 30 m238 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ…ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ 1 in this time…in the age that is coming Jesus is using the word **time** in the same figurative sense as the word **age** in [16:8](../16/08.md), to mean the long period of time defined by the duration of the created world, and by association the world itself. Jesus is using the word **age** here similarly to mean the new world that God will introduce after the end of this present world. Alternate translation: “in this present world…in the world to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 18 30 d3xa figs-ellipsis καὶ ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 and in the age that is coming, eternal life Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from what he says earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and they will also receive eternal life in the world to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 18 31 pwk9 παραλαβὼν…τοὺς δώδεκα 1 he took the Twelve aside Alternate translation: “Jesus took the Twelve to a place away from other people where they would be alone”
LUK 18 31 m239 figs-nominaladj τοὺς δώδεκα 1 the Twelve See how you translated this in [8:1](../08/01.md). You may have decided to translate the nominal adjective **Twelve** with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “his 12 apostles” or “the 12 men he had appointed to be apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 18 31 m240 translate-names τοὺς δώδεκα 1 the Twelve You may have decided instead in [8:1](../08/01.md) to translate this as a title, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns. If so, you can do the same thing here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 18 31 g4yx figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Jesus uses the term **behold** to get his disciples to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 31 m241 figs-idiom ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 we are going up to Jerusalem When Jesus says that they are **going up** to Jerusalem, he means that they are traveling there. That was the customary way of speaking about going to Jerusalem, since the city was up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “we are traveling to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 18 31 pg4k figs-activepassive πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν 1 all the things that have been written by the prophets If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “all the things that the prophets have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 31 ss78 figs-explicit τὰ γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν 1 the things that have been written by the prophets Jesus assumes that his disciples will know that he is referring to the Old Testament prophets. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the things that the prophets have written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 31 zj2x figs-123person τῷ Υἱῷ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 18 31 m242 figs-explicit τῷ Υἱῷ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “me, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 31 i5ya figs-activepassive τελεσθήσεται 1 will be accomplished If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “will occur” or “will take place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 32 h2a3 figs-activepassive παραδοθήσεται 1 he will be delivered If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders will hand him over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 32 es98 figs-123person παραδοθήσεται 1 he will be delivered If you decided in [18:31](../18/31.md) to use the second person for what Jesus is telling his disciples, also use it here. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders will hand me over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 18 32 m243 figs-metonymy τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 to the Gentiles Jesus is speaking figuratively of the Roman authorities by association with the fact that they are not Jews. Alternate translation: “to the Roman authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 18 32 hc2k figs-activepassive ἐμπαιχθήσεται, καὶ ὑβρισθήσεται, καὶ ἐμπτυσθήσεται 1 he be mocked, and will be mistreated, and will be spit upon If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “they will mock him, mistreat him, and spit on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 32 m244 figs-123person ἐμπαιχθήσεται, καὶ ὑβρισθήσεται, καὶ ἐμπτυσθήσεται 1 he be mocked, and will be mistreated, and will be spit upon If you decided in [18:31](../18/31.md) to use the second person for what Jesus is telling his disciples, also use it here. Alternate translation: “they will mock me, mistreat me, and spit on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 18 33 u86r figs-123person καὶ μαστιγώσαντες, ἀποκτενοῦσιν αὐτόν; καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, ἀναστήσεται 1 And having whipped him, they will kill him. And on the third day he will rise up If you decided in [18:31](../18/31.md) to use the second person for what Jesus is telling his disciples, use it here as well. Alternate translation: “And after they have whipped me, they will kill me. But two days later I will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 18 33 fie4 figs-explicit καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ἀναστήσεται 1 And on the third day he will rise up See how you translated this in [9:22](../09/22.md). In the idiom of this culture, today was the “first day,” tomorrow was the “second day,” and the day after tomorrow was the **third day**. To make sure that this is clear to your readers, you may wish to use a different expression than “the third day,” especially if, in your culture, this would mean one day longer than Jesus intends. Otherwise, your readers may be confused when they read later in the book that Jesus died on a Friday and came back to life on a Sunday, if that would be “the second day” according to the way your culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “and he will spend the next full day in the grave, but on the day after that, he will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 33 m245 grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ 1 And on the third day Jesus uses the word **And** to introduce a contrast between the belief of the authorities that they could kill him and the fact that he would come back to life. Alternate translation: “But on the third day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
LUK 18 33 m246 translate-ordinal τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ 1 on the third day If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “on day three” or, depending on how your culture reckons time, “on day two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 18 33 m247 figs-metonymy ἀναστήσεται 1 he will rise up Jesus speaks figuratively of coming back to life as **rising up**, since it involves coming **up** out of the grave. Alternate translation: “he will come back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 18 34 bm7h αὐτοὶ οὐδὲν τούτων συνῆκαν 1 they understood none of these things If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the verb negative and the object positive here. Alternate translation: “they did not understand any of these things”
LUK 18 34 b29z figs-explicit οὐδὲν τούτων 1 none of these things Implicitly, **these things** refers to Jesus’ description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem and then rise from the dead. Alternate translation: “none of what Jesus had told them about what was going to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 34 fn58 figs-activepassive ἦν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο κεκρυμμένον ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 this word was hidden from them If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God prevented them from understanding the meaning of what Jesus was telling them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 34 m248 τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο 1 this word Luke uses the term **word** in a specific sense here. Alternate translation: “this saying” or “what Jesus was telling them”
LUK 18 34 qx2n figs-activepassive τὰ λεγόμενα 1 the things that were spoken If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the things that Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 35 w3sw writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 And it happened that Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 18 35 m249 translate-names ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰερειχὼ 1 as he came near to Jericho **Jericho** is the name of a city. Alternate translation: “as Jesus approached the city of Jericho” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 18 35 dyf9 writing-participants τυφλός τις 1 a certain blind man Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. Alternate translation: “there was a blind man who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 18 37 ckr3 writing-pronouns ἀπήγγειλαν…αὐτῷ 1 they reported to him The word **they** is indefinite here. It does not refer to particular individuals. Alternate translation: “people in the crowd told the blind man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
LUK 18 37 ku9j translate-names Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος 1 Jesus the Nazarene The people call Jesus **the Nazarene** because he was from the town of Nazareth in Galilee. Alternate translation: “Jesus from the town of Nazareth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 18 38 u9ct grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 1 And Luke uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. When the blind man learned that Jesus was walking by, he knew that Jesus would hear him if he called out, so as a result, he shouted to him. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
LUK 18 38 yaj2 ἐβόησεν 1 cried out Alternate translation: “called out” or “shouted”
LUK 18 38 m250 figs-metaphor Υἱὲ Δαυείδ 1 Son of David The blind man is using the word **Son** figuratively to mean “descendant.” Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 18 38 ehf6 figs-explicit Υἱὲ Δαυείδ 1 Son of David **David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title **Son of David** implicitly meant “Messiah.” Alternate translation: “Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 38 m251 translate-names Δαυείδ 1 David This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 18 38 u69g figs-imperative ἐλέησόν με 1 have mercy on me This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please be merciful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 18 38 m252 figs-explicit ἐλέησόν με 1 have mercy on me The blind man assumes that Jesus will know that he is asking specifically to be healed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “please have mercy on me and heal me” or “please be merciful to me by healing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 39 m253 οἱ προάγοντες 1 the ones who were walking ahead Alternate translation: “the people who were walking ahead of Jesus”
LUK 18 39 z7r6 πετίμων αὐτῷ, ἵνα σιγήσῃ 1 were rebuking him, so that he would be silent Alternate translation: “kept telling him not to shout”
LUK 18 39 zug7 πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν 1 he kept crying out much more This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “he shouted even louder” or (2) “he called out even more persistently”
LUK 18 39 m254 figs-explicit Υἱὲ Δαυείδ, ἐλέησόν με 1 Son of David, have mercy on me See how you decided to translate this phrase in [18:38](../18/38.md). Alternate translation: “Messiah, please have mercy on me and heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 40 m255 figs-activepassive αὐτὸν ἀχθῆναι πρὸς αὐτόν 1 him to be brought to him If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the people to bring the blind man to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 18 41 al8g ἵνα ἀναβλέψω 1 that I might see again Alternate translation: “I want to be able to see again” or “I want you to restore my sight”
LUK 18 42 n67h figs-imperative ἀνάβλεψον 1 See again This was not a command that the man was capable of obeying. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. Alternate translation: “I have restored your sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
LUK 18 42 m256 figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **faith** with a verb such as “believe.” Alternate translation: “Because you believed, you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 18 42 gcv1 figs-personification ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you Jesus speaks figuratively of the man’s **faith** as if it had actively healed him. Alternate translation: “Because you believed, you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LUK 18 42 m257 ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you Jesus seems to be using the word **saved** here in one of its particular senses, to mean “healed.” Alternate translation: “Because you believed, you have been healed”
LUK 18 43 m258 ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ 1 he followed him The word **followed** here does not necessarily have the figurative meaning of “became a disciple.” Alternate translation: “he walked down the road with the rest of the crowd that was around Jesus”
LUK 18 43 d1kk δοξάζων τὸν Θεόν 1 glorifying God Alternate translation: “giving glory to God” or “praising God”
LUK 19 intro zn2b 0 # Luke 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Jesus helps a man named Zacchaeus repent of his sins (19:1–10)<br>2. Jesus tells a parable about a man who entrusted money to his servants (19:11–27)<br>3. Jesus rides into Jerusalem on a colt (19:28–48)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Sinner”<br>The Pharisees refer to a group of people as “sinners.” The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### Servants<br><br>God expects his people to remember that everything in the world belongs to God. God gives his people things so they can serve him. He wants them to please him by doing what he wants them to do with everything he has given them. One day Jesus will ask his servants what they have done with everything he gave them to use. He will give a reward to those who have done what he wanted them to do, and he will punish those who have not.<br><br>### The donkey and the colt<br><br>Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: Matthew 21:1-7 and Mark 11:1-7 and Luke 19:29-36 and John 12:14-15)<br><br>### Spreading garments and branches<br><br>When kings would enter the cities they ruled, people would cut branches from trees and take off the outer garments that they wore to stay warm in cold weather and spread them all on the road so the king would ride over them. They did this to honor the king and show that they loved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/honor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])<br><br>### The merchants in the temple<br><br>Jesus forced the people who were selling animals in the temple to leave. He did this to show everyone that he had authority over the temple and that only those who were righteous, who did what God said was good, could be in it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
LUK 19 1 j35m writing-background 0 General Information: Verses 1-2 begin to give background information for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 19 2 y5i5 writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἀνὴρ 1 Now, there was a man The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “There was a man who was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 19 2 z91v writing-background αὐτὸς ἦν ἀρχιτελώνης, καὶ αὐτὸς πλούσιος 1 he was a chief tax collector, and he was rich This is background information about Zacchaeus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 19 3 lf9m writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 3 completes the background information begun in [Luke 19:1-2](./01.md) for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 19 4 pzr6 συκομορέαν 1 a sycamore tree “a sycamore fig tree.” It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. Alternate translation: “a fig tree” or “a tree”
LUK 19 5 mr51 τὸν τόπον 1 the place “the tree” or “where Zacchaeus was”
LUK 19 6 zrw4 καὶ σπεύσας 1 So he hurried “So Zacchaeus hurried”
LUK 19 7 mit4 figs-explicit πάντες διεγόγγυζον 1 they all complained The Jews hated the tax collectors and did not think any good person should associate with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 7 k2cl παρὰ ἁμαρτωλῷ ἀνδρὶ εἰσῆλθεν καταλῦσαι 1 He has gone in to visit with a sinful man “Jesus has gone into the house of a sinner to visit him”
LUK 19 7 yl4h ἁμαρτωλῷ ἀνδρὶ 1 a sinful man “an obvious sinner” or “a real sinner”
LUK 19 8 u2bt ἀποδίδωμι τετραπλοῦν 1 I will restore four times the amount “return to them four times as much as I took from them”
LUK 19 9 h8ep figs-abstractnouns σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο 1 salvation has come to this house It was understood that salvation comes from God. Alternate translation: “God has saved this household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 9 i8yg figs-metonymy τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 this house The word “house” here refers to the people living in the house or the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 19 9 f65b καὶ αὐτὸς 1 he too “this man too” or “Zacchaeus also”
LUK 19 11 vue7 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell a parable to the crowd. Verse 11 gives background information about why Jesus tells the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 19 11 qs7z figs-explicit ὅτι παραχρῆμα μέλλει ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναφαίνεσθαι 1 that the kingdom of God was about to appear immediately The Jews believed that the Messiah would establish the kingdom as soon as he came to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that Jesus would immediately begin to rule over God’s kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 12 m9j6 ἄνθρωπός τις εὐγενὴς 1 A certain man of noble birth “A certain man who was a member of the ruling class” or “A certain man from an important family”
LUK 19 12 mtz9 figs-explicit λαβεῖν ἑαυτῷ βασιλείαν 1 to receive for himself a kingdom This is the image of a lesser king going to a greater king. The greater king would give the lesser king the right and authority to rule over his own country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 13 m387 καλέσας 1 he called “The nobleman called.” It may be helpful to state that the man did this before he left to receive his kingdom. Alternate translation: “Before he left, he called”
LUK 19 13 xx6p ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς δέκα μνᾶς 1 gave them ten minas “gave each of them one mina”
LUK 19 13 t82q translate-bweight δέκα μνᾶς 1 ten minas A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work, so ten minas would have been about three years’ wages. Alternate translation: “ten valuable coins” or “a large amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 19 13 vwp2 πραγματεύσασθαι 1 Conduct business “Trade with this money” or “Use this money in order to earn more”
LUK 19 15 g3jp καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
LUK 19 15 s9a7 λαβόντα τὴν βασιλείαν 1 having received the kingdom “after he had become king”
LUK 19 15 s2x2 figs-activepassive φωνηθῆναι αὐτῷ 1 be called to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 16 mf96 translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος 1 the first “The first servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 19 16 n37f παρεγένετο 1 came before him “came before the nobleman”
LUK 19 16 ejx9 figs-explicit ἡ μνᾶ σου, δέκα προσηργάσατο μνᾶς 1 your mina has made ten minas more It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. Alternate translation: “I used your mina to make a profit of ten more minas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 16 j7ag translate-bweight ἡ μνᾶ 1 mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
LUK 19 18 ic7p translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος 1 The second “The second servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 19 18 irh6 figs-explicit ἡ μνᾶ σου, Κύριε, ἐποίησεν πέντε μνᾶς 1 Your mina, master, has made five minas It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. Alternate translation: “Lord, I used your mina to make a profit of five more minas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 18 d811 translate-bweight ἡ μνᾶ 1 mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
LUK 19 20 n71e ὁ ἕτερος ἦλθεν 1 the other came “Another servant came”
LUK 19 20 r25f translate-bweight ἡ μνᾶ 1 mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
LUK 19 20 l2wr εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ 1 I kept put away in a cloth “wrapped in a cloth and stored away”
LUK 19 21 w5yw ἄνθρωπος αὐστηρὸς 1 a demanding man “a stern man” or “a man who expects a lot from his servants”
LUK 19 21 a6ja figs-metaphor αἴρεις ὃ οὐκ ἔθηκας 1 You take up what you did not put down This was probably a proverb. A person who takes out of storage or out of a bank things that he did not put in is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people’s hard work. Alternate translation: “You take out what you did not put in” or “You are like a person how takes out what other people put in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 19 21 mi5b figs-metaphor θερίζεις ὃ οὐκ ἔσπειρας 1 you reap what you did not sow This was probably a proverb. A person who harvests food that someone else has planted is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people’s hard work. Alternate translation: “you are like a person who reaps the fruit of what other people sowed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 19 22 wt8q figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου 1 By your mouth His “words” refer to all that he had said. Alternate translation: “Based on what you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 19 22 xga8 ᾔδεις ὅτι ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος αὐστηρός εἰμι 1 Did you know that I am a demanding man The nobleman was repeating what the servant had said about him. He was not saying that it was true. Alternate translation: “You say that I am a demanding person”
LUK 19 23 spx7 figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὐκ ἔδωκάς μου τὸ ἀργύριον…σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα? 1 why did you not put the money…I would have collected it with interest? The nobleman uses a question to rebuke the wicked servant. Alternate translation: “you should have put my money…interest.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 19 23 e1yh ἔδωκάς…τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τράπεζαν 1 put the money in a bank “lent my money to a bank.” Cultures that do not have banks might translate it as “let someone borrow my money.”
LUK 19 23 k39i τράπεζαν 1 a bank A bank is a business that safely holds money for people. A bank lends that money to others for a profit. Therefore it pays an extra amount, or interest, to the people who keep their money in the bank.
LUK 19 23 c8ca σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα 1 I would have collected it with interest “I could have collected that amount plus the interest it would have earned” or “I would have gained a profit from it”
LUK 19 24 aj1c τοῖς παρεστῶσιν 1 to those who were standing by “the people who were standing near them”
LUK 19 24 zh5s translate-bweight τὴν μνᾶν 1 the mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
LUK 19 25 m7ql ἔχει δέκα μνᾶς 1 he has ten minas. “he already has ten minas!”
LUK 19 26 x6ay λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you This was the king speaking. Some translators may want to start this verse with “And the king replied, ‘I say to you’” or “But the king said ‘I tell you this’” .
LUK 19 26 f5hn figs-explicit παντὶ τῷ ἔχοντι, δοθήσεται 1 everyone who has will be given more It is implied that what he has is the money he earned by using his mina faithfully. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone who uses well what he has been given, I will give him more” or “to everyone who uses well what I have given him I will give more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 26 ab42 figs-explicit ἀπὸ…τοῦ μὴ ἔχοντος 1 from the one who does not have It is implied that the reason he does not have money is because he did not use his mina faithfully. Alternate translation: “from the person who does not use well what I have given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 26 d1g9 figs-activepassive ἀρθήσεται 1 will be taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take away from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 27 u44z τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου τούτους 1 these enemies of mine Since the enemies were not right there, some languages would say “those enemies of mine.”
LUK 19 28 x7bx writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about Zacchaeus. This verse tells us what Jesus does after this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 19 28 ja5p ἀναβαίνων εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 going up to Jerusalem Jerusalem was higher than Jericho, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem.
LUK 19 29 y9q8 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 19 29 q1wn translate-names Βηθφαγὴ 1 Bethphage Bethphage was (and still is) a village on the Mount of Olives, which is across the Kidron Valley from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 19 29 lj69 τὸ ὄρος τὸ καλούμενον Ἐλαιῶν 1 the hill that is called Olivet “the hill that is called the Mount of Olives” or “the hill that is called ‘Olive Tree Mountain’”
LUK 19 30 qq5c πῶλον 1 a colt “a young donkey” or “a young riding animal”
LUK 19 30 w1yp figs-activepassive ἐφ’ ὃν οὐδεὶς πώποτε ἀνθρώπων ἐκάθισεν 1 on which no man has ever sat This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one has ever ridden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 31 px4k figs-hypo καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμᾶς…αὐτοῦ χρείαν ἔχει 1 If anyone asks you…has need of it Jesus tells the disciples how to answer a question that has not yet been asked. However, people in the village will soon ask the question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 19 31 emu8 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμᾶς ἐρωτᾷ, διὰ τί λύετε? οὕτως ἐρεῖτε 1 If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ you will say thus The inner quote can also be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “If any one asks you why you are untying it, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 19 32 hdd8 figs-activepassive οἱ ἀπεσταλμένοι 1 those who were sent This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The two disciples that Jesus sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 33 biw8 οἱ κύριοι 1 the owners “the owners of the colt”
LUK 19 35 scz2 ἐπιρίψαντες αὐτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐπὶ τὸν πῶλον 1 they threw their cloaks upon the colt “put their robes on the young donkey.” Cloaks are outer robes.
LUK 19 35 g49k ἐπεβίβασαν τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 they put Jesus on it “helped Jesus get up on and ride on the colt”
LUK 19 36 lxj5 translate-symaction ὑπεστρώννυον τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτῶν 1 they were spreading their cloaks “people spread their cloaks.” This is a sign of giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 19 37 ba9e ἐγγίζοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἤδη 1 Then as he was already coming near “As Jesus was going near.” Jesus’ disciples were traveling with him.
LUK 19 37 t4nk πρὸς τῇ καταβάσει τοῦ Ὄρους τῶν Ἐλαιῶν 1 to the descent of the Mount of Olives “where the road goes down from the Mount of Olives”
LUK 19 37 m8hn ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων 1 mighty works which they had seen “great things they had seen Jesus do”
LUK 19 38 nsg4 figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord Here “name” refers to power and authority. Also, “Lord” refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 19 38 d7b4 ἐν οὐρανῷ εἰρήνη 1 Peace in heaven “May there be peace in heaven” or “We want to see peace in heaven”
LUK 19 38 vb29 figs-metonymy δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις 1 glory in the highest “May there be glory in the highest” or “We want to see glory in the highest.” The words “the highest” refer to heaven, which is a metonym for God, who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “Let everyone give glory to God in the highest heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 19 39 sq8q ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου 1 from the crowd “in the large crowd”
LUK 19 39 yv21 ἐπιτίμησον τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου 1 rebuke your disciples “tell your disciples to stop doing these things”
LUK 19 40 b2w6 figs-hypo ἐὰν οὗτοι σιωπήσουσιν, οἱ λίθοι κράξουσιν 1 if these were silent, the stones would cry out This is a hypothetical situation. Some translators may need to make it clear what Jesus was implying when he said this: “no, I will not rebuke them, for if these people were to be silent…cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 41 k4l2 figs-metonymy ἔκλαυσεν ἐπ’ αὐτήν 1 he wept over it The word “it” refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 19 42 g1ee εἰ ἔγνως…τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην 1 If only you had known…the things which bring peace Jesus expresses his sadness that the people of Jerusalem had missed the opportunity to be at peace with God.
LUK 19 42 q8fm figs-you ἔγνως 1 you had known The word “you” is singular because Jesus is speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 19 42 tgs6 figs-metonymy ἐκρύβη ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν σου 1 they are hidden from your eyes “your eyes” refer to the ability to see. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you can no longer see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 43 y3g2 ὅτι 1 For What follows is the reason for Jesus’ sadness.
LUK 19 43 tib4 ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπὶ σὲ, καὶ περιβαλοῦσίν οἱ ἐχθροί σου 1 the days will come upon you when indeed your enemies will build This indicates that they will experience difficult times. Some languages do not talk about time “coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future these things will happen to you: Your enemies” or “soon you will endure troublesome times. Your enemies”
LUK 19 43 n88i figs-you σὲ…σου 1 you…your The word “you” is singular because Jesus is speaking to the city as he would to a woman. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LUK 19 44 p7qg figs-apostrophe ἐδαφιοῦσίν σε καὶ τὰ τέκνα σου ἐν σοί 1 They will strike you down to the ground and your children with you Jesus is speaking to the people of the city as if he were speaking to the city itself as he would speak to a woman. He speaks of the people who live in the city as if they are the woman’s children, and thus the city’s children. To strike down a city is to destroy its walls and buildings, and to strike down its children is to kill those who live in it. Alternate translation: “They will completely destroy you and kill all who live in you” or “They will completely destroy your city and kill all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LUK 19 44 f51h figs-hyperbole οὐκ ἀφήσουσιν λίθον ἐπὶ λίθον 1 They will not leave one stone upon another “They will not leave any of the stones in place.” This is a hyperbole to express that the enemies will completely destroy the city, which is built of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 19 45 u91v figs-explicit καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Then entering into the temple You may need to make explicit that he first entered Jerusalem, where the temple was located. Alternate translation: “Jesus entered Jerusalem and then went to the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 45 j6ce figs-explicit καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 entered the temple Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building. Alternate translation: “went into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 45 py1x ἐκβάλλειν 1 to cast out “throw out” or “force out”
LUK 19 46 v81e figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written This is a quotation from Isaiah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The scriptures say” or “A prophet wrote these words in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 19 46 uvf7 ὁ οἶκός μου 1 My house The word “My” refers to God and “house” refers to the temple.
LUK 19 46 wac1 οἶκος προσευχῆς 1 a house of prayer “a place where people pray to me”
LUK 19 46 ba8w figs-metaphor σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 a den of robbers Jesus speaks of the temple as if it were a place where thieves come together. Alternate translation: “a place where thieves hide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 19 47 mn6e writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of this part of the story. These verses tell about ongoing action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 20 intro h6in 0 # Luke 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:17, 42-43, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Using questions to trap people<br><br>When Jesus asked the Pharisees who gave John the authority to baptize ([Luke 20:4](../../luk/20/04.md)), they could not answer because any answer they gave would give someone a reason to say that they were wrong ([Luke 20:5-6](./05.md)). They thought that they would be able to say that Jesus was wrong when they asked him if people should pay taxes to Caesar ([Luke 20:22](../../luk/20/22.md)), but Jesus gave them an answer that they had not thought of.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm that records David calling his son “lord,” that is, “master.” However, to the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he himself is the Messiah. ([Luke 20:41-44](./41.md)).
LUK 20 1 h8gv writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happend that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 20 3 ku6a ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς κἀγὼ λόγον καὶ εἴπατέ μοι 1 I will also ask you a question, and you tell me The words “I will…ask you a question” are a statement. The words “you tell me” are a command.
LUK 20 4 uph3 figs-rquestion ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 was it from heaven or from men Jesus knows that John’s authority comes from heaven, so he is not asking for information. He asks the question so the Jewish leaders will have to tell what they think to all who are listening. This question is rhetorical, but you will probably have to translate it as a question. Alternate translation: “do you think John’s authority to baptize people came from heaven or from men” or “was it God who told John to baptize people, or did people tell him to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 4 z7cg figs-metonymy ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 from heaven “from God.” Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name “Yahweh.” Often they used the word “heaven” to refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 20 5 a3r8 πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς 1 among themselves “among themselves” or “with each other”
LUK 20 5 z599 figs-quotations ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ 1 If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “If we say that John’s authority is from heaven, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 20 5 m4l7 figs-metonymy ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 From heaven “From God.” Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name “Yahweh.” Often they used the word “heaven” to refer to him. See how these words are translated in [Luke 20:4](../20/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 20 6 e9ps figs-quotations ἐὰν…εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 if we say, ‘From men,’ Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “if we say that John’s authority is from men,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 20 6 nns5 figs-explicit καταλιθάσει ἡμᾶς 1 will stone us “kill us by throwing stones on us.” God’s Law commanded that his people stone those of his people who mocked him or his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 7 ia28 καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν 1 So they answered that “So the chief priests, scribes and elders answered.” The word “so” marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they had reasoned with themselves ([Luke 20:5-6](./05.md)), and they did not have an answer they wanted to say.
LUK 20 7 w2bc figs-quotations ἀπεκρίθησαν, μὴ εἰδέναι πόθεν 1 they answered that they did not know where it was from. This could be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “they said, ‘We do not know where it came from.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 20 7 eeg7 πόθεν 1 where it was from “where John’s baptism came from.” Alternate translation: “where John’s authority to baptize came from” or “who authorized John to baptize people”
LUK 20 8 d3bg οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Neither will I tell you “And I will not tell you.” Jesus knew they were not willing to tell him the answer, so he responded in the same manner. Alternate translation: “Just as you will not tell me, I will not tell you”
LUK 20 9 mf5e figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 20 9 s8tt ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς 1 rented it out to vine growers “allowed some vine growers to use it in exchange for payment” or “allowed some vine growers to use it and pay him later.” Payment might be in the form of money, or a portion of the harvest.
LUK 20 9 y37s γεωργοῖς 1 vine growers These are people who tend grape vines and grow grapes. Alternate translation: “grape farmers”
LUK 20 10 wm51 καιρῷ 1 the appointed time “the time they had agreed to pay him.” This would have been at the harvest time.
LUK 20 10 kr7j ἀπὸ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 of the fruit of the vineyard “some of the grapes” or “some of what they produced in the vineyard.” It could also refer to the things they made from grapes or the money they earned by selling the grapes.
LUK 20 10 isk1 figs-metaphor ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν…κενόν 1 sent him away empty-handed An empty hand is a metaphor for “nothing.” Alternate translation: “sent him away without paying him” or “sent him away without the grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 20 11 vxh2 figs-metaphor ἐξαπέστειλαν κενόν 1 sent him away empty-handed Having an empty hand is a metaphor for having nothing. Alternate translation: “sent him away without paying him” or “sent him away without any grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 20 12 lr3h translate-ordinal τρίτον 1 a third “even a third servant” or “yet another servant.” The word “yet” hints at the fact that the landowner should not have had to send the second servant, but he went beyond that and sent a third servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 20 12 ub4g τοῦτον τραυματίσαντες 1 wounded that one “injured that servant”
LUK 20 12 h32a ἐξέβαλον 1 threw him out “threw him out of the vineyard”
LUK 20 13 kt8i figs-rquestion τί ποιήσω? 1 What should I do? This question emphasizes that the vineyard owner thought carefully about what he was going to do. Alternate translation: “Here is what I will do:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 15 m6en ἐκβαλόντες αὐτὸν ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 they threw him out of the vineyard “The vine growers forced the son out of the vineyard”
LUK 20 15 dlu4 figs-rquestion τί οὖν ποιήσει αὐτοῖς ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος? 1 What then will the lord of the vineyard do to them? Jesus uses a question to get his listeners to pay attention to what the owner of the vineyard will do. Alternate translation: “So now, listen to what the lord of the vineyard will do to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 16 k18g μὴ γένοιτο! 1 May it never be! “May it never happen”
LUK 20 17 qtb7 ὁ δὲ ἐμβλέψας αὐτοῖς 1 But Jesus looked at them “But Jesus stared at them” or “But he looked straight at them.” He did this to hold them accountable to understand what he was saying.
LUK 20 17 rf5f figs-rquestion τί οὖν ἐστιν τὸ γεγραμμένον τοῦτο, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας? 1 What then is this that is written: ‘The stone…the cornerstone’? Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. Alternate translation: “You should be able to understand that which is written: ‘The stone…cornerstone.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 17 a5kc figs-metaphor λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone This is the first of three metaphors in a prophecy from the book of Psalms. This one refers to the Messiah as if he were a stone that builders chose not to use, but that God made the most important stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 20 17 bd2f λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες 1 The stone that the builders rejected “The stone that the builders said was not good enough to use for building.” In those days people used stones to build the walls of houses and other buildings.
LUK 20 18 d7n2 figs-metaphor πᾶς ὁ πεσὼν…συνθλασθήσεται 1 Every one who falls…broken to pieces This second metaphor speaks of people who reject the Messiah as if they fall over a stone and are injured. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 20 18 n3n5 figs-activepassive συνθλασθήσεται 1 will be broken to pieces This is a result of falling onto the stone. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will break up into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 18 fdu6 figs-metaphor ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ 1 But on whomever it falls “But whomever that stone falls on.” This third metaphor speaks about the Messiah judging those who reject him as if he were a large stone that would crush them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 20 19 vbf7 figs-metonymy ἐζήτησαν…ἐπιβαλεῖν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας 1 sought to lay hands on him In this verse, to “lay hands on” someone is to arrest that person. Alternate translation: “looked for a way to arrest Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 20 19 u4tz ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 in that very hour “immediately”
LUK 20 19 u4ta figs-explicit ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν λαόν 1 they were afraid of the people This is the reason that they did not arrest Jesus right away. The people respected Jesus, and the religious leaders were afraid of what the people might do if they arrested him. Alternate translation: “they did not arrest him because they were afraid of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 20 f1en ἀπέστειλαν ἐνκαθέτους 1 they sent out spies “the scribes and chief priests sent spies to watch Jesus”
LUK 20 20 ml5w ἵνα ἐπιλάβωνται αὐτοῦ λόγου 1 so that they might find fault with his speech “because they wanted to accuse Jesus of saying something bad”
LUK 20 20 r84a figs-explicit τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος 1 to the rule and to the authority of the governor “Rule” and “authority” are two ways of saying that they wanted the governor to judge Jesus. It can be translated with one or both expressions. Alternate translation: “so that the governor would punish Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 21 q9q4 0 Connecting Statement: This is the beginning of the next event in this part of the story. Some time has passed since Jesus was questioned in the temple by the chief priests. The spies are now questioning Jesus.
LUK 20 21 i3fr Διδάσκαλε, οἴδαμεν…ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις 1 Teacher, we know…you teach the way of God in truth The spies were trying to deceive Jesus. They did not believe these things about Jesus.
LUK 20 21 fi1t figs-activepassive οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον 1 do not show partiality Possible meanings are (1) “you tell the truth even if important people do not like it” or (2) “you do not favor one person over another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 21 ubu9 ἀλλ’ ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις 1 but you teach the truth about the way of God This is part of what the spies were saying that they knew about Jesus.
LUK 20 22 fi6p ἔξεστιν…ἢ οὔ? 1 Is it lawful…or not? They hoped that Jesus would say either “yes” or “no.” If he said “yes,” then the Jewish people would be angry with him for telling them to pay taxes to a foreign government. If he said “no,” then the religious leaders could tell the Romans that Jesus was teaching the people to break the Roman laws.
LUK 20 22 j6wb ἔξεστιν 1 Is it lawful They were asking about God’s law, not about Caesar’s law. Alternate translation: “Does our law permit us”
LUK 20 22 h4cc figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 Caesar Because Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 20 23 z9dm κατανοήσας δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν πανουργίαν 1 But he understood their craftiness “But Jesus understood how tricky they were” or “But Jesus saw that they were trying to trap him.” The word “their” refers to the spies.
LUK 20 24 j21y translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 a denarius This is a Roman silver coin worth a day’s wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 20 24 cvs9 figs-rquestion τίνος ἔχει εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν? 1 Whose image and inscription does it have? Jesus uses a question to respond to those who were trying to trick him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 25 z96i 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of this event about the spies and the part of the story which began in [Luke 20:1](../20/01.md).
LUK 20 25 bh1x ὁ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Then he said to them “Then Jesus said to them”
LUK 20 25 rey9 figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 to Caesar Here “Caesar” refers to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 20 25 gj71 figs-ellipsis τῷ Θεῷ 1 to God The word “give” is understood from the previous phrase. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “and give to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 20 26 wa3s καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἐπιλαβέσθαι τοῦ ῥήματος 1 So they were not able to trap him in what he said “The spies could not find anything wrong with what he said”
LUK 20 26 yc1y καὶ θαυμάσαντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἀποκρίσει αὐτοῦ, ἐσίγησαν 1 but marveling at his answer, they were silent “but they were amazed at his answer and did not say anything”
LUK 20 27 c6s4 0 General Information: We do not know where this takes place, though it possibly took place in the temple courtyard. Jesus is talking with some Sadducees.
LUK 20 27 f9e3 figs-distinguish οἱ, λέγοντες ἀνάστασιν μὴ εἶναι 1 the ones who say that there is no resurrection This phrase identifies the Sadducees as being the group of Jews that say that no one would rise from the dead. It does not imply that some Sadducees believed that there is a resurrection and some did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
LUK 20 28 d6yl ἐάν τινος ἀδελφὸς ἀποθάνῃ ἔχων γυναῖκα, καὶ οὗτος ἄτεκνος ᾖ 1 if anyone’s brother dies having a wife, and he is childless “if a man’s brother dies when he has a wife but does not have children”
LUK 20 28 sjt5 ἵνα λάβῃ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα 1 that his brother should take his wife “the man should marry his dead brother’s widow”
LUK 20 28 pn1c figs-explicit ἐξαναστήσῃ σπέρμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 raise up offspring for his brother The Jews considered the first son born to a woman who married her dead husband’s brother as if he were the son of the woman’s first husband. This son inherited the property of his mother’s first husband and carried on his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 29 e1b5 0 General Information: The Sadducees tell Jesus a short story in verses 29-32. This is a story they made up as an example. In verse 33, they ask Jesus a question about the story they told.
LUK 20 29 si57 translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος 1 the first “brother number one” or “the oldest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 20 29 qt6a ἀπέθανεν ἄτεκνος 1 died childless “died without having any children” or “died, but did not have any children”
LUK 20 30 p5mw figs-ellipsis καὶ ὁ δεύτερος 1 and the second Jesus kept the story short by not repeating many of the details. Alternate translation: “the second married her and the same thing happened” or “the second brother married her and died without having any children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 20 30 r4xe translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος 1 the second “brother number two” or “the oldest brother who was still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 20 31 d5tq ὁ τρίτος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν 1 the third took her “The third married her”
LUK 20 31 ky9p translate-ordinal ὁ τρίτος 1 the third “Brother number three” or “The oldest brother who was still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 20 31 f1fj figs-ellipsis ὡσαύτως…καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ, οὐ κατέλιπον τέκνα, καὶ ἀπέθανον 1 likewise the seven also left no children, and died They did not repeat many of the details to keep the story short. Alternate translation: “in the same way the rest of the seven brothers married her and had no children and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 20 33 avu1 ἐν τῇ…ἀναστάσει 1 In the resurrection “When people are raised from the dead” or “When dead people will become alive again.” Some languages have a way of showing that the Sadducees did not believe that there would be a resurrection, such as “In the supposed resurrection” or “When dead people are supposedly raised from the dead.”
LUK 20 34 n91c οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 The sons of this age “The people of this world” or “The people of this time.” This is in contrast with those in heaven or the people who live after the resurrection.
LUK 20 34 nlu3 figs-explicit γαμοῦσιν καὶ γαμίσκονται 1 marry and are given in marriage In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “get married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 35 m8m9 figs-activepassive οἱ…καταξιωθέντες τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐκείνου 1 those who are regarded as worthy to obtain that age This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people in that age whom God will consider to be worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 35 m3gm ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To receive resurrection from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
LUK 20 35 rh62 figs-explicit οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίζονται 1 will neither marry nor be given in marriage In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not marry” or “will not get married.” This is after the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 36 lk28 figs-explicit οὐδὲ…ἀποθανεῖν ἔτι δύνανται 1 neither are they able to die anymore This is after the resurrection. Alternate translation: “They will not be able to die anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 36 btb3 υἱοί εἰσιν Θεοῦ, τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοὶ ὄντες 1 they are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection “are children of God because he has brought them back from the dead”
LUK 20 37 g3xg figs-activepassive ὅτι δὲ ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροὶ, καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐμήνυσεν 1 But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed The word “even” is here because the Sadducees might not have been surprised that some scriptures say that the dead are raised, but they did not expect Moses to have written something like that. Alternate translation: “But even Moses showed that dead people rise from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 37 j8z5 figs-activepassive ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροὶ 1 the dead are raised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God causes the dead to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 37 n82t figs-explicit ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου 1 at the bush “in the part of scripture where he wrote about the burning bush” or “in the scripture about the burning bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 37 nx7f ὡς λέγει Κύριον 1 where he calls the Lord “where Moses called the Lord”
LUK 20 37 pqm8 τὸν Θεὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Θεὸν Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Θεὸν Ἰακώβ 1 the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jaco “the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” They all worshiped the same God.
LUK 20 38 tdq7 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Jesus explains how this story proves that people rise from the dead.
LUK 20 38 u1y5 figs-parallelism Θεὸς…οὐκ ἔστιν νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων 1 he is not the God of the dead, but of the living These two sentences have similar meaning said twice for emphasis. Some languages have different ways of showing emphasis. Alternate translation: “the Lord is the God of living people only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 20 38 dxi9 figs-explicit ἀλλὰ ζώντων 1 but of the living “but the God of living people.” Since these people died physically, they must still be alive spiritually. Alternate translation: “but the God of people whose spirits are alive, even though their bodies may have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 38 i6am πάντες γὰρ αὐτῷ ζῶσιν 1 because all live to him “because in God’s sight they all are still alive” or “because their spirits are alive in God’s presence”
LUK 20 39 n5nq figs-explicit ἀποκριθέντες…τινες τῶν γραμματέων 1 some of the scribes answered “Some of the scribes said to Jesus.” There were scribes present when the Sadducees were questioning Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 40 i6sv οὐκέτι γὰρ ἐτόλμων 1 For they did not dare It is unclear if this refers to the scribes, or the Sadducees, or both. It is best to keep the statement general.
LUK 20 40 vjx9 figs-explicit οὐκέτι…ἐτόλμων ἐπερωτᾶν αὐτὸν οὐδέν 1 they did not dare ask him anything “they were afraid to ask…questions” or “they did not risk asking…questions.” They understood that they did not know as much as Jesus did, but they did not want to say that. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they did ask him any more tricky questions because they feared that his wise answers would make them appear foolish again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 41 mda6 figs-rquestion πῶς λέγουσιν…Δαυεὶδ Υἱόν? 1 How do they say…David’s son? “Why do they say…son?” Jesus uses a question to make the scribes think about who the Messiah is. Alternate translation: “Let’s think about them saying…son.” or “I will talk about them saying…son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 41 sq2g figs-explicit λέγουσιν 1 they say The prophets, the religious rulers, and the Jewish people in general knew that the Messiah was the son of David. Alternate translation: “everyone says” or “people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 41 b7rb figs-synecdoche Δαυεὶδ Υἱόν 1 David’s son “King David’s descendant.” The word “son” is used here to refer to a descendant. In this case it refers to the one who would reign over God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 20 42 h2al εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου 1 The Lord said to my Lord This is a quotation from the book of Psalms which says “Yahweh said to my Lord.” But the Jews stopped saying “Yahweh” and often said “Lord” instead. Alternate translation: “The Lord God said to my Lord” or “God said to my Lord”
LUK 20 42 e1i2 Κυρίῳ μου 1 my Lord David was referring to the Christ as “my Lord.”
LUK 20 42 pse3 translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 Sit at my right hand To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 20 43 fl1h figs-metaphor ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet The Messiah’s enemies are spoken of as if they were furniture on which he would rest his feet. This was an image of submission. Alternate translation: “until I make your enemies like a footstool for you” or “until I conquer your enemies for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 20 44 zk2h figs-explicit Δαυεὶδ οὖν, Κύριον, αὐτὸν καλεῖ 1 David therefore calls him ‘Lord’ In the culture of that time, a father was more respected than a son. David’s us of the title ‘Lord’ for the Christ implies that he was greater than David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 44 k1tp figs-rquestion καὶ πῶς υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστιν 1 so how is he his son? “so how can the Christ be David’s son?” This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “this shows that the Christ is not merely David’s descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 20 46 m2yu προσέχετε ἀπὸ 1 Beware of “Be on guard against”
LUK 20 46 ang2 figs-explicit θελόντων περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς 1 who desire to walk in long robes Long robes would show that they were important. Alternate translation: “who like to walk around wearing their important robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 20 47 c7yv figs-metaphor οἳ κατεσθίουσιν τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν 1 They devour the houses of widows “They also eat up widows’ houses.” The scribes are spoken of as if they were hungry animals that eat up the widows’ houses. The word “houses” is a synecdoche for both where the widow lives and all the possessions she puts in her home. Alternate translation: “They also take away from widows all their possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 20 47 g67x προφάσει μακρὰ προσεύχονται 1 for a show they pray at length “they pretend to be righteous and make long prayers” or “they make long prayers so that people will see them”
LUK 20 47 zpp5 figs-activepassive οὗτοι λήμψονται περισσότερον κρίμα 1 These will receive greater condemnation “They will receive a more severe judgment.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish them very severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 intro ny7d 0 # Luke 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Jesus told his disciples much about what would happen before he returned.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’”<br><br>Jesus taught that before he returned many people would falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time when many people will hate Jesus’ followers and even want to kill them.<br><br>### “Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled”<br><br>The Jews spoke of the time between when the Babylonians forced their ancestors to go to Babylon and the time when the Messiah would come as “the times of the Gentiles,” the time when the Gentiles would rule over the Jews.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 21:27](../../luk/21/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 21 1 k2zb writing-background 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in the story. Jesus begins teaching his disciples, either on the same day that the Sadducees question Jesus ([Luke 20:27](../20/27.md)) or on a different day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 21 1 nf4c figs-explicit τὰ δῶρα 1 gifts You may need to make explicit what the gifts were. Alternate translation: “gifts of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 2 xrk2 writing-participants τινα χήραν πενιχρὰν 1 a certain poor widow This is a way of introducing a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 21 2 vzu8 translate-bmoney λεπτὰ δύο 1 two mites “two small coins” or “two tiny copper coins.” These were the least valuable of the coins people used then. Alternate translation: “two pennies” or “two small coins of little value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
LUK 21 3 i8gf figs-you λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 21 3 rwt3 figs-hyperbole ἡ χήρα αὕτη ἡ πτωχὴ, πλεῖον πάντων ἔβαλεν 1 this poor widow put in more than all of them God considers her gift, a small amount of money, more significant than the large amounts of money the men gave. Alternate translation: “the small gift of this widow is more valuable than the larger gifts of the rich men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 4 x3qb ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύοντος αὐτοῖς ἔβαλον εἰς τὰ δῶρα 1 put in the gifts out of their abundance “have a lot of money but only gave a small portion of it”
LUK 21 4 gaj8 ἐκ τοῦ ὑστερήματος αὐτῆς 1 out of her poverty “who has very little money”
LUK 21 6 ajx2 figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται…ἐπὶ λίθῳ, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 will be left on another which will not be torn down A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “left on another. They will all be torn down” or “left on another. Enemies will tear down every stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 6 dps1 οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται λίθος…οὐ καταλυθήσεται 0 not one stone will be left…not be torn down This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every stone will be removed from its place and they will all be torn down”
LUK 21 6 jfl1 figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται…ἐπὶ λίθῳ, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 left on another which will not be torn down A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “left on another. They will all be torn down” or “left on another. Enemies will tear down every stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 7 rix4 ἐπηρώτησαν…αὐτὸν 1 they asked him “the disciples asked Jesus” or “Jesus’ disciples asked him”
LUK 21 8 vu18 figs-you μὴ πλανηθῆτε 1 you are not deceived Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word “you” is plural. Alternate translation: “that you do not believe lies” or “that no one deceives you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 8 f1ed figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name People coming in his name claim to represent him. Alternate translation: “claiming to be me” or “claiming to have my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 8 h6zp ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am he “I am the Christ” or “I am the Messiah”
LUK 21 8 sls1 μὴ πορευθῆτε ὀπίσω αὐτῶν 1 Do not go after them “Do not believe them” or “Do not become their disciples”
LUK 21 9 p5w5 πολέμους καὶ ἀκαταστασίας 1 wars and riots Here “wars” probably refers to fighting between countries, and “riots” probably refers to people fighting against their own leaders or against others in their country. Alternate translation: “wars and rebellions” or “wars and revolutions”
LUK 21 9 eze2 μὴ πτοηθῆτε 1 do not be terrified “do not let these things terrify you” or “do not be afraid”
LUK 21 9 msn6 figs-explicit οὐκ εὐθέως τὸ τέλος 1 it will not immediately be the end This refers to the final judgment. Alternate translation: “the end of the world will not happen immediately after the wars and riots” or “the world will not end immediately after those things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 9 jyh8 τὸ τέλος 1 the end “the end of everything” or “the end of the age”
LUK 21 10 yj1i τότε ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς 1 Then he said to them “Then Jesus said to his disciples.” Since this is a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say “Then he said to them.”
LUK 21 10 ms79 figs-metonymy ἐγερθήσεται ἔθνος ἐπ’ ἔθνος 1 Nation will rise against nation Here “nation” is a metonym for the people of the nation, and “rise against” is a metonym for attack. The word “nation” represents nations in general, not one particular nation. Alternate translation: “The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations” or “The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
LUK 21 10 e65b figs-ellipsis βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 kingdom against kingdom The words “will rise” are understood from the previous phrase and mean attack. Alternate translation: “kingdom will rise against kingdom” or “the people of some kingdoms will attack the people of other kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
LUK 21 11 gw7x figs-ellipsis κατὰ τόπους, λιμοὶ καὶ λοιμοὶ 1 famines and plagues in various places The words “there will be” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “there will be famines and plagues in many places” or “there will be times of hunger and diseases in different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 21 11 ib3l φόβηθρά 1 terrifying events “events that terrify people” or “events that cause people to be very afraid”
LUK 21 12 w5uz figs-metonymy ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν 1 they will lay their hands on you “they will grab you.” This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. Alternate translation: “they will arrest you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 12 qd99 ἐπιβαλοῦσιν 1 they will lay “people will” or “enemies will”
LUK 21 12 c44t figs-you ὑμᾶς 1 you Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 21 12 w2i4 figs-metonymy παραδιδόντες εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς 1 delivering you over to the synagogues The word “synagogues” is a metonym for the people in the synagogues, specifically the leaders. Alternate translation: “giving you over to the leaders of the synagogues” or “taking you to the synagogues so that the people there can do to you whatever they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 12 xt6d καὶ φυλακάς 1 and prisons “and delivering you over to the prisons” or “and putting you in prisons”
LUK 21 12 cwq9 figs-metonymy ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματός μου 1 because of my name The word “name” is here used to refer to Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 13 d98x εἰς μαρτύριον 1 for a testimony “for you to tell them your testimony about me”
LUK 21 14 q1s1 grammar-connect-words-phrases οὖν 1 Therefore “Because of this,” referring to everything Jesus has said, beginning in [Luke 21:10](../21/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
LUK 21 14 he8s figs-metonymy θέτε…ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 resolve in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “make up your mind” or “decide firmly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 14 usf9 μὴ προμελετᾶν ἀπολογηθῆναι 1 not to prepare your defense ahead of time “not to figure out ahead of time what you will say in order to defend yourself against their accusations”
LUK 21 15 d3zh σοφίαν, ᾗ οὐ δυνήσονται ἀντιστῆναι ἢ ἀντειπεῖν, πάντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοι ὑμῖν 1 wisdom that all your adversaries will not be able to resist or contradict “wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict”
LUK 21 15 gm5t figs-hendiadys στόμα καὶ σοφίαν 1 speech and wisdom These can be combined into one phrase. Alternate translation: “words of wisdom” or “wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 21 16 xc2s figs-activepassive παραδοθήσεσθε…καὶ ὑπὸ γονέων, καὶ ἀδελφῶν, καὶ συγγενῶν, καὶ φίλων 1 you will also be delivered up by parents, brothers, relatives, and friends This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “even your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends will give you over to the authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 16 ue17 θανατώσουσιν ἐξ ὑμῶν 1 they will put some of you to death “they will kill some of you.” Possible meanings are (1) “the authorities will kill some of you” or (2) “those who deliver you up will kill some of you.” The first meaning is more likely.
LUK 21 17 wbh8 figs-hyperbole ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων 1 You will be hated by everyone This can be translated in active form. The word “everyone” emphasizes how many people will hate the disciples, either through (1) exaggeration Alternate translation: “It will seem like you are hated by everyone” or “It will seem like everyone hates you” or (2) a generalization. Alternate translation: “You will be hated by most people” or “Most people will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 17 lm66 figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 because of my name “my name” here refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 18 y7bi figs-synecdoche καὶ θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν, οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται 1 But not a hair of your head will perish Jesus speaks of one of the smallest parts of a person. He is emphasizing that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death, so some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually. Alternate translation: “But these things cannot really harm you” or “Even every hair on your head will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 21 19 g85h ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν 1 By your endurance “By holding firm.” This can be stated in the opposite way. Alternate translation: “If you do not quit”
LUK 21 19 r5zc κτήσασθε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν 1 you will gain your souls The “soul” was understood to represent the eternal part of a person. Alternate translation: “you will receive life” or “you will save yourselves”
LUK 21 20 nqb6 figs-activepassive κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jerusalem surrounded by armies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “armies surrounding Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 20 dfy7 ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς 1 that its desolation is near “that it will soon be destroyed” or “that they will soon destroy it”
LUK 21 21 htg9 ἐν ταῖς χώραις 1 out in the country This refers to the rural areas outside Jerusalem, and not to the nation. Alternate translation: “outside the city”
LUK 21 21 ubh7 εἰσερχέσθωσαν εἰς αὐτήν 1 enter into it “enter Jerusalem”
LUK 21 22 vs2g ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως αὗταί εἰσιν 1 these are days of vengeance “these are days of punishment” or “this will be the time when God will punish this city”
LUK 21 22 eba2 figs-activepassive τοῦ…πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα 1 all the things that have been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the things that the prophets wrote in the scriptures long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 22 f9es figs-activepassive πλησθῆναι 1 to fulfill This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 23 e1pj ταῖς θηλαζούσαις 1 to those who are nursing “to mothers who are nursing their babies”
LUK 21 23 mzp3 ἔσται…ἀνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 there will be great distress upon the land Possible meanings are (1) the people of the land will be distressed or (2) there will be physical disasters in the land.
LUK 21 23 iw4r figs-explicit ὀργὴ τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ 1 wrath to this people “there will be wrath to the people at that time.” God will bring this wrath. Alternate translation: “this people will experience God’s anger” or “God will be very angry and will punish this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 24 lmj8 figs-metonymy πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρης 1 They will fall by the mouth of the sword “They will be killed by the edge of the sword.” Here “fall by the mouth of the sword” represents being killed by enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “Enemy soldiers will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 24 cg3n figs-activepassive αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα 1 they will be led captive into all the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 24 zn4e figs-hyperbole εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα 1 into all the nations The word “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will be led into many countries. Alternate translation: “into many other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 24 j7kw figs-activepassive Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles Possible meanings are (1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or (2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or (3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 24 d356 figs-metaphor πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 trampled by the Gentiles This metaphor speaks of Jerusalem as if the people of other nations was walking on it and crushing it down with their feet. This refers to domination. Alternate translation: “conquered by the Gentiles” or “destroyed by the other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 21 24 na6l figs-activepassive πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν 1 the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the period of the Gentiles has come to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 25 bza4 συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν 1 the nations will be distressed Here “the nations” refers to the people in them. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will be distressed”
LUK 21 25 sz1c συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν, ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἤχους θαλάσσης καὶ σάλου 1 will be distressed and anxious at the roaring and tossing of the sea “distress because they will be anxious about the roar of the sea and its waves” or “distress, and the loud noise of the sea and its rough movements will frighten them.” This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas.
LUK 21 26 az37 τῶν ἐπερχομένων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ 1 the things which are coming upon the world “the things that will happen in the world” or “the things that will happen to the world”
LUK 21 26 wn9g figs-activepassive αἱ…δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται 1 the powers of the heavens will be shaken This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) that God will shake the sun moon and stars so they do not move in their normal way or (2) God will trouble the powerful spirits in the heavens. The first is recommended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 27 k9pr figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἐρχόμενον 1 the Son of Man coming Jesus is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “me, the Son Man, coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 21 27 wyj9 ἐρχόμενον ἐν νεφέλῃ 1 coming in a cloud “coming down in a cloud”
LUK 21 27 acp6 μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης πολλῆς 1 with power and great glory Here “power” probably refers to his authority to judge the world. Here “glory” may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. Alternate translation: “powerfully and gloriously” or “and he will be powerful and very glorious”
LUK 21 28 mv82 ἀνακύψατε 1 stand up Sometimes when people are afraid, they crouch down in order to avoid being seen or hurt. When they are no longer afraid, they get up. Alternate translation: “stand up with confidence”
LUK 21 28 gx6d figs-metonymy ἐπάρατε τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑμῶν 1 lift up your heads Lifting the head is a metonym for looking up. When they lift their heads up, they will be able to see their rescuer coming to them. Alternate translation: “look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 28 up9z figs-metonymy διότι ἐγγίζει ἡ ἀπολύτρωσις ὑμῶν 1 because your deliverance is coming near God, who delivers, is spoken of as if he were the deliverance that he causes. The word “deliverance” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because God will soon deliver you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 21 29 h6a9 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: As Jesus continues teaching his disciples, he tells them a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 21 30 l2ts ὅταν προβάλωσιν 1 When they sprout buds “When new leaves start to grow”
LUK 21 30 yic5 figs-explicit ἤδη ἐγγὺς τὸ θέρος ἐστίν 1 summer is already near “summer is about to start.” Summer in Israel follows the sprouting of fig tree leaves and is the time when the figs ripen. Alternate translation: “harvest time is ready to start” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 31 y81z οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὅταν ἴδητε ταῦτα γινόμενα 1 So also, when you see these things happening The appearance of the signs that Jesus just described signal the arrival of the kingdom of God just as appearance of the leaves of the fig tree signal the arrival of summer.
LUK 21 31 t1ca figs-metonymy ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God is near “God will soon establish his kingdom.” Alternate translation: “God will soon rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 32 h921 ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation Possible meanings are (1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus speaks of or (2) the generation Jesus is speaking to. The first is more likely.
LUK 21 32 m3il οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ…ἕως ἂν 1 will not pass away until This could be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will still be alive when”
LUK 21 33 t53u ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσονται 1 Heaven and earth will pass away “Heaven and earth will cease to exist.” The word “heaven” here refers to the sky and the universe beyond it.
LUK 21 33 c3yl figs-metonymy οἱ…λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρελεύσονται 1 my words will never pass away “my words will never cease to exist” or “my words will never fail.” Jesus uses “words” here to refer to everything he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 33 kym8 οὐ μὴ παρελεύσονται 1 will never pass away This could be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will remain forever”
LUK 21 34 r69y figs-metonymy μήποτε βαρηθῶσιν ὑμῶν αἱ καρδίαι 1 so that your hearts are not burdened The “heart” here refers to the mind and thoughts of the person. Alternate translation: “so that you are not occupied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 34 y2qk figs-metaphor μήποτε βαρηθῶσιν 1 so that…are not burdened Jesus here speaks of the following sins as if they were a physical weight that a person had to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 21 34 x8jh figs-simile ἐπιστῇ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς αἰφνίδιος ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη 1 that day will close on you suddenly Just as a trap closes on an animal when the animal does not expect it, that day will happen when people do not expect it. Alternate translation: “that day will happen when you are not expecting it, as when a trap closes suddenly on an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 21 34 r486 figs-explicit ἐπιστῇ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς αἰφνίδιος ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη 1 that day will close on you suddenly The coming of that day will appear to be sudden and unexpected to those who are not ready and watching for it. Alternate translation: “life. For if you are not careful, that day will close on you suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 35 ry3f figs-metaphor ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς 1 on the face of the whole earth The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it were the outward part of the face of a person. Alternate translation: “on the surface of the whole earth” or “on the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 21 36 y5ny κατισχύσητε ἐκφυγεῖν ταῦτα πάντα 1 you may be strong enough to escape all these things Possible meanings are (1) “strong enough to endure these things” or (2) “able to avoid these things.”
LUK 21 36 hjy1 ταῦτα πάντα τὰ μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι 1 all these things that are about to take place “these things that will happen.” Jesus has just told them about terrible things that will happen, such as persecution, war, and captivity.
LUK 21 36 h83d σταθῆναι ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 to stand before the Son of Man “to stand with confidence before the Son of Man.” This probably refers to when the Son of Man judges everyone. A person who is not ready will be afraid of the Son of Man and will not stand with confidence.
LUK 21 37 tfe8 writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story that begins in [Luke 20:1](../20/01.md). These verses tell about ongoing action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 21 37 c4uk ἦν…τὰς ἡμέρας…διδάσκων 1 during the days he was teaching “during the daytime he would teach” or “he would teach each day.” The following verses tell about things that Jesus and the people did each day during the week before he died.
LUK 21 37 zh1m figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Only priests were allowed in the temple. Alternate translation: “at the temple” or “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 38 mu6l figs-hyperbole πᾶς ὁ λαὸς 1 all of the people The word “all” is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that the crowd was very large. Alternate translation: “A very large number of people in the city” or “Almost everyone in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 38 bky8 ὤρθριζεν 1 were coming early in the morning “would come early each morning”
LUK 21 38 cbx2 ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ 1 to hear him “to hear him teach”
LUK 22 intro y8nr 0 # Luke 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The eating of the body and blood<br><br>[Luke 22:19-20](./19.md) describes Jesus’ last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate “the Lord’s Supper,” the “Eucharist”, or “Holy Communion” to remember this meal.<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>Some people think that Jesus established the new covenant during the supper. Others think he established it after he went up to heaven. Others think it will not be established until Jesus comes again. Your translation should say no more about this than the ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 22:22](../../luk/22/22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 22 1 cf6p writing-background 0 General Information: Judas agrees to betray Jesus. These verses give background information about this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 22 1 jjy9 figs-explicit ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the Festival of Unleavened Bread The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. Alternate translation: “festival when they would eat unleavened bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 1 u5jm ἤγγιζεν 1 was approaching “was almost ready to begin”
LUK 22 2 n9v6 τὸ πῶς ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν 1 how they might put him to death The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. Alternate translation: “how they might cause Jesus to be put to death” or “how they could cause someone to kill Jesus”
LUK 22 2 aij5 ἐφοβοῦντο…τὸν λαόν 1 they were afraid of the people Possible meanings are (1) “scared of what the people might do” or (2) “scared that the people would make Jesus king.”
LUK 22 6 w2i9 writing-endofstory ἐζήτει εὐκαιρίαν τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν ἄτερ ὄχλου αὐτοῖς 1 began seeking an opportunity to deliver him to them away from the crowd This is an ongoing action that continues after this part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 22 7 hh9a writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare for the Passover meal. Verse 7 gives background information about the event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 22 7 veh1 ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the day of unleavened bread “the day of bread without yeast.” This was the day the Jews would take all bread made with yeast out of their homes. Then they would celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days.
LUK 22 7 rqi1 figs-explicit ἔδει θύεσθαι τὸ Πάσχα 1 it was necessary to sacrifice the Passover lamb Each family or group of people would kill a lamb and eat it together, so many lambs were killed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people had to kill a lamb for their Passover meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 8 nkz4 ἑτοιμάσατε 1 prepare This is a general word meaning “make ready.” Jesus was not necessarily telling Peter and John to do all the cooking.
LUK 22 8 e4ev figs-inclusive ἵνα φάγωμεν 1 so that we may eat it Jesus was including Peter and John when he said “we.” Peter and John would be part of the group of the disciples that would eat the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
LUK 22 9 j52e figs-exclusive θέλεις ἑτοιμάσωμεν 1 you want us to make preparations The word “us” does not include Jesus. Jesus would not be part of the group that would prepare the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 22 9 s8yw ἑτοιμάσωμεν 1 to make preparations “make preparations for the meal” or “prepare the meal”
LUK 22 10 i45e συναντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος, κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων 1 a man bearing a pitcher of water will meet you “you will see a man carrying a pitcher of water”
LUK 22 10 a677 κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων 1 bearing a pitcher of water “carrying a jar with water in it.” He probably would be carrying the jar on his shoulder.
LUK 22 10 cc34 ἀκολουθήσατε αὐτῷ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν 1 Follow him into the house “Follow him, and go into the house”
LUK 22 11 khy9 figs-quotations λέγει σοι ὁ διδάσκαλος, ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμα, ὅπου τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω? 1 The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room, where I will eat the Passover with my disciples?” The quote beginning with “Where is the guest room” is a direct quote of what Jesus, the teacher, wants to say to the master of his house. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Our teacher asks where the guest room is in which he will eat the Passover with his disciples.” or “Our teacher says to show us the guest room where he will eat the Passover with us and the rest of his disciples.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 22 12 lpw6 κἀκεῖνος ὑμῖν δείξει 1 He will show you “The owner of the house will show you”
LUK 22 12 lg2z ἀνάγαιον 1 upper room “room upstairs.” If your community does not have houses with rooms above other rooms, you may need to consider how to describe buildings in the city.
LUK 22 13 g9ty ἀπελθόντες δὲ 1 So they went “So Peter and John went”
LUK 22 14 u3c6 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in the part of the story about the Passover. Jesus and his disciples are sitting to eat the Passover meal.
LUK 22 14 j1dn καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡ ὥρα 1 Now when the hour came “When it was time to eat the meal”
LUK 22 14 lnc6 ἀνέπεσεν 1 he reclined at table “Jesus sat down”
LUK 22 15 hue3 ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα 1 I have greatly desired “I have wanted very much”
LUK 22 15 s1sj πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν 1 before I suffer Jesus is referring ahead to his death. The word for “suffer” here means to go through an unusually difficult or painful experience.
LUK 22 16 k28r figs-activepassive ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ 1 until when it is fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished. Alternate translation: “until God fulfills it” or “until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival” or (2) “until we celebrate the final Passover Festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 17 l5e6 δεξάμενος ποτήριον 1 he took a cup “picked up a cup of wine”
LUK 22 17 d7pc εὐχαριστήσας 1 when he had given thanks “when he had given thanks to God”
LUK 22 17 li2n εἶπεν 1 he said “he said to his apostles”
LUK 22 17 xvm7 figs-metonymy διαμερίσατε εἰς ἑαυτούς 1 divide it among yourselves They were to share the contents of the cup, and not the cup itself. Alternate translation: “share the wine in the cup among yourselves” or “each of you drink some of the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 18 h5tl τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 the fruit of the vine This refers to the juice that is squeezed from the grapes that grow on grapevines. Wine is made from fermented grape juice.
LUK 22 18 crv5 ἕως οὗ ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔλθῃ 1 until the kingdom of God comes “until God establishes his kingdom” or “until God rules in his kingdom”
LUK 22 19 d3yc ἔκλασεν 1 he broke it “he ripped it” or “he tore it.” He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation.
LUK 22 19 lc9m figs-activepassive τὸ σῶμά μου, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον 1 my body which is given for you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my body, which I will give for you” or “my body, which I will sacrifice for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 19 cxy5 τοῦτο ποιεῖτε 1 Do this “Eat this bread”
LUK 22 19 c4hy εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν 1 in remembrance of me “in order to remember me”
LUK 22 20 z3cx figs-metonymy τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον 1 This cup The word “cup” refers to the wine in the cup. Alternate translation: “The wine in this cup” or “This cup of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 20 gc8h ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου 1 the new covenant in my blood This new covenant will take effect as soon his blood is shed. Alternate translation: “the new covenant that will be ratified through my blood”
LUK 22 20 v4d3 figs-metonymy τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον 1 which is poured out for you Jesus speaks of his death by referring to his blood being poured out. Alternate translation: “which is poured out in death for you” or “which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 22 wtj2 ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς μὲν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…πορεύεται 1 For the Son of Man indeed goes “For, indeed, the Son of Man will go” or “For the Son of Man will die”
LUK 22 22 mk3q figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς μὲν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…πορεύεται 1 the Son of Man indeed goes Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, indeed go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 22 22 p2qa figs-activepassive κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον 1 as it has been determined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as God has determined” or “as God has planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 22 wy2s figs-activepassive πλὴν οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ παραδίδοται 1 But woe to that man through whom he is betrayed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man” or “But how terrible it will be for that man who betrays the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 24 yyw9 ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ φιλονικία ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 Then there arose also a quarrel among them “Then the apostles began to argue among themselves”
LUK 22 24 y9ce figs-activepassive δοκεῖ εἶναι μείζων 1 was considered to be greatest This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was the most important” or “the people would think was most important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 25 vc5d ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 So he said to them “Jesus said to the apostles”
LUK 22 25 zjf5 κυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν 1 are masters over themlord it over them “rule forcefully over the Gentiles”
LUK 22 25 tw4y καλοῦνται 1 are referred to as The people probably did not think of those rulers as people who do good to their people. Alternate translation: “like to be called” or “call themselves”
LUK 22 26 cdq7 figs-metaphor ὁ νεώτερος 1 the youngest Older people were respected in that culture. The leaders were usually older people and were called “elders.” The youngest person would be the least likely to lead, and the least important. Alternate translation: “the least important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 22 26 y4n1 ὁ διακονῶν 1 the one who serves “a servant”
LUK 22 27 mw2l γὰρ 1 For This connects Jesus’ commands in verse 26 with the whole of verse 27. It means that the most important person should serve because Jesus is a servant.
LUK 22 27 jt7r figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ μείζων…ὁ ἀνακείμενος? 1 For who is greater…the one who serves? “For who is more important…serves?” Jesus uses this question to begin to explain to the apostles who is truly great. Alternate translation: “I want you to think about who is greater…serves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 27 n3dl ὁ ἀνακείμενος 1 the one who reclines at table “the one who is dining”
LUK 22 27 lu3a figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ὁ ἀνακείμενος? 1 Is it not the one who reclines at table? Jesus uses another question to teach the disciples. Alternate translation: “Of course the one who sits at the table is more important than the servant!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 27 qbn6 ἐγὼ δὲ ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν εἰμι ὡς ὁ διακονῶν 1 Yet I am among you as one who serves “But I am with you to be a servant” or “But I am with you to show you how a servant acts.” The word “yet” is here because there is a contrast between what people would expect Jesus to be like and what he really was like.
LUK 22 28 i9xb οἱ διαμεμενηκότες μετ’ ἐμοῦ, ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς μου 1 the ones who have continued with me in my temptations “have stayed with me through my struggles”
LUK 22 29 w4pd κἀγὼ διατίθεμαι ὑμῖν, καθὼς διέθετό μοι ὁ Πατήρ μου βασιλείαν 1 I grant to you, just as my Father has granted to me, a kingdom Some languages may need to change the order. Alternate translation: “Just as my father has given a kingdom to me, I give a kingdom to you”
LUK 22 29 nly5 κἀγὼ διατίθεμαι ὑμῖν…βασιλείαν 1 I grant to you a kingdom “I make you rulers in God’s kingdom” or “I give you authority to rule in the kingdom” or “I will make you kings”
LUK 22 29 ii65 καθὼς διέθετό μοι ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 just as my Father has granted to me “just as my Father has given me authority to rule as king in his kingdom”
LUK 22 30 us1j figs-metonymy καθῆσθε ἐπὶ θρόνων 1 you will sit on thrones Kings sit on thrones. Sitting on a throne is a symbol of ruling. Alternate translation: “you will work as kings” or “you will do the work of kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 31 dmw8 figs-you ὑμᾶς 1 you The word “you” refers to all of the apostles. Languages that have different forms of “you” should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 22 31 qyy7 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς τοῦ σινιάσαι ὡς τὸν σῖτον 1 to sift you as wheat This means that Satan wanted to test the disciples to find something wrong. Alternate translation: “test you like someone passes grain through a sieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 22 32 pd1t figs-you ἐγὼ δὲ ἐδεήθην περὶ σοῦ 1 But I have prayed for you The word “you” here refers specifically to Simon. Languages that have different forms of you should use the singular form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 22 32 zp8w ἵνα μὴ ἐκλίπῃ ἡ πίστις σου 1 so that your faith may not fail This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you will continue to have faith” or “that you will continue to trust me”
LUK 22 32 qxk7 figs-metaphor ποτε ἐπιστρέψας 1 when you have turned back Here “turned back again” is a metaphor for starting to believe in someone again. Alternate translation: “After you start believing in me again” or “After you start serving me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 22 32 f9v8 στήρισον τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου 1 strengthen your brothers “encourage your brothers to be strong in their faith” or “help your brothers believe in me”
LUK 22 32 r7ux τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου 1 your brothers This refers to the other disciples. Alternate translation: “your fellow believers” or “the other disciples”
LUK 22 34 zt8v οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ, ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι 1 the rooster will not crow today, before you deny three times that you know me The order of the parts of the verse can be reversed. Alternate translation: “you will deny three times that you know me before the rooster crows this day”
LUK 22 34 tu15 οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ, ἕως…ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 the rooster will not crow today, before you deny This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the rooster will crow this day only after you deny” or “before the rooster crows today, you will deny”
LUK 22 34 pwj1 figs-metonymy οὐ φωνήσει…ἀλέκτωρ 1 the rooster will not crow Here, the crowing of the rooster refers to a certain time of day. Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. Therefore, this refers to dawn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 34 zaq1 figs-explicit σήμερον 1 today The Jewish day begins at sunset. Jesus was speaking after the sun had set. The rooster would crow just before morning. The morning was part of “this day.” Alternate translation: “tonight” or “in the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 35 cv68 figs-rquestion καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, ὅτε…μή τινος ὑστερήσατε? οἱ δὲ εἶπαν, οὐθενός. 1 Then he said to them, “When…did you lack anything?” They answered, “Nothing.” Jesus uses a question to help the apostles remember how well the people provided for them as they traveled. Though this is a rhetorical question and Jesus is not asking for information, you should translate it as a question unless only a statement would cause the disciples to reply that they had lacked nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 35 a5jt figs-you ὅτε ἀπέστειλα ὑμᾶς 1 When I sent you out Jesus was talking to his apostles. So languages that have different forms of “you” should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 22 35 dny3 figs-metonymy βαλλαντίου 1 purse A purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to “money.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 35 dr5g πήρας 1 a bag of provisions “travelers’ bag” or “bag of food”
LUK 22 35 tb51 figs-ellipsis οὐθενός 1 Nothing It may be helpful to some audiences to include more about the conversation. Alternate translation: “We did not lack anything” or “We had everything we needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 22 36 h7j7 ὁ μὴ ἔχων, πωλησάτω τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ…μάχαιραν 1 The one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak Jesus was not referring to a specific person who did not have a sword. Alternate translation: “If anyone does not have a sword, he should sell his cloak”
LUK 22 37 g4l7 figs-activepassive τὸ γεγραμμένον 1 this which is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what a prophet wrote about me in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 37 u9jx figs-activepassive δεῖ τελεσθῆναι 1 must be fulfilled The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. Alternate translation: “God will fulfill” or “God will cause to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 37 jf1f figs-activepassive μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη 1 He was counted with the lawless ones Here Jesus is quoting the scriptures. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People counted him as a member of the group of lawless men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 37 jz9d ἀνόμων 1 the lawless ones “those who break the law” or “the criminals”
LUK 22 37 se1d figs-activepassive καὶ γὰρ τὸ περὶ ἐμοῦ τέλος ἔχει 1 For indeed the things concerning me are being fulfilled Possible meanings are (1) “For what the prophet predicted about me is about to happen” or (2) “For my life is coming to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 38 kbt8 ἱκανόν ἐστιν 1 It is enough Possible meanings are (1) they have enough swords. “We now have enough swords.” or (2) Jesus wants them to stop talking about having swords. “No more of this talk about swords.” When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight.
LUK 22 40 b6pz προσεύχεσθε μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμόν 1 Pray that you do not enter into temptation “that you are not tempted” or “that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin”
LUK 22 41 sp1s figs-idiom ὡσεὶ λίθου βολήν 1 about a stone’s throw “about the distance that someone can throw a stone.” Alternate translation: “a short distance” or with an estimated measurement like “about thirty meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 22 42 j48l Πάτερ, εἰ βούλει 1 Father, if you are willing Jesus will bear the guilt of every person’s sin on the cross. He prays to his Father, asking if there is another way.
LUK 22 42 y51l guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 22 42 ic7y figs-metaphor παρένεγκε τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 remove this cup from me Jesus refers to what he will soon experience as if it were a cup of bitter liquid that he would have to drink. Alternate translation: “allow me to not drink from this cup” or “allow me to not experience what is about to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 22 42 zw2y figs-activepassive πλὴν μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου, ἀλλὰ τὸ σὸν γινέσθω 1 Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “However, do what is according to your will rather than what is according to my will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 45 a9fg ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῆς προσευχῆς, ἐλθὼν 1 When he rose up from his prayer, he came “When Jesus got up after praying, he” or “After praying, Jesus got up and he”
LUK 22 45 gb3z εὗρεν κοιμωμένους αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης 1 found them sleeping because of their sorrow “saw that they were sleeping because they were tired from their sadness”
LUK 22 46 in7g figs-rquestion τί καθεύδετε? 1 Why are you sleeping? Possible meanings are (1) “I am surprised that you are sleeping now.” or (2) “You should not be sleeping now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 46 nl7w ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 so that you may not enter into temptation “so that you may not be tempted” or “so that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin”
LUK 22 47 kt25 writing-participants ἰδοὺ, ὄχλος 1 behold, a crowd appeared The word “behold” alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “there was a crowd that appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 22 47 mva7 προήρχετο αὐτούς 1 was leading them Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. Alternate translation: “leading them to Jesus”
LUK 22 47 c2l7 translate-unknown φιλῆσαι αὐτόν 1 to kiss him “to greet him with a kiss” or “to greet him by kissing him.” When men greeted other men who were family or friends, they would kiss them on one cheek or both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing to say that a man would kiss another man, you could translate it in a more general way: “to give him a friendly greeting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 22 48 e2n9 figs-rquestion φιλήματι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδως? 1 are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss? Jesus uses a question to rebuke Judas for betraying him with a kiss. Normally a kiss is a sign of love. Alternate translation: “it is a kiss you are using to betray the Son of Man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 48 zvk8 figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is using this term to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man, with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 22 49 njs1 οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν 1 those who were around Jesus This refers to Jesus’ disciples.
LUK 22 49 gv81 figs-explicit εἰ πατάξομεν ἐν μαχαίρῃ? 1 should we strike with the sword? The question is about the type of fight they should engage in (a sword fight), not what weapon they should use (the swords that they brought, [Luke 22:38](../22/38.md)), but your translation may need to speak of the weapons they brought. Alternate translation: “fight against them with the swords we brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 50 b4ij εἷς τις ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 a certain one of them “one of the disciples”
LUK 22 51 c6pz ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὠτίου 1 touching his ear “touched the servant where his ear had been cut off”
LUK 22 52 fa7z figs-rquestion ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων? 1 Do you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? “Do you come out with swords and clubs because you think I am a robber?” Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “You know that I am not a robber, yet you come out to me bringing swords and clubs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 53 g1tu καθ’ ἡμέραν ὄντος μου μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 When I was daily with you “I was among you every day”
LUK 22 53 a6qu ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Only priests entered the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courts” or “at the temple”
LUK 22 53 c4is figs-metonymy οὐκ ἐξετείνατε τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ ἐμέ 1 you did not lay your hands on me In this verse, to lay hands on someone is to arrest that person. Alternate translation: “arrest me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 53 gw9n αὕτη ἐστὶν ὑμῶν ἡ ὥρα 1 this is your hour “this is the time for you to do whatever you want”
LUK 22 53 mzb4 figs-ellipsis ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους 1 the authority of the darkness It may be helpful to repeat the reference to time. “Darkness” is a metonym for Satan. Alternate translation: “the time of the authority of darkness” or “the time when God is allowing Satan to do whatever he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 54 mtp8 ἤγαγον 1 they led him away “led Jesus away from the garden where they had arrested him”
LUK 22 54 ct8h εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως 1 into the house of the high priest “into the courtyard of the high priest’s house”
LUK 22 55 b3x7 περιαψάντων…πῦρ 1 they had kindled a fire “some people had made a fire.” The fire was to keep the people warm during the cool night. Alternate translation: “some people started a fire to keep warm”
LUK 22 56 fxz3 καὶ ἀτενίσασα αὐτῷ εἶπεν 1 and looking straight at him, said “and she looked straight at Peter and said to the other people in the courtyard”
LUK 22 56 zu63 καὶ οὗτος σὺν αὐτῷ ἦν 1 This man also was with him The woman was telling the people about Peter being with Jesus. She probably did not know Peter’s name.
LUK 22 57 dzq9 ὁ δὲ ἠρνήσατο 1 But Peter denied it “But Peter said that it was not true”
LUK 22 57 vdm1 οὐκ οἶδα αὐτόν, γύναι 1 Woman, I do not know him Peter did not know the woman’s name. He was not insulting her by calling her “woman.” If people would think he was insulting her, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a woman he does not know, or you could leave out the word.
LUK 22 58 i65s καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ 1 You are also one of them “You are also one of those who were with Jesus”
LUK 22 58 cyv7 ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ εἰμί 1 Man, I am not Peter did not know the man’s name. He was not insulting him by calling him “Man.” If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word.
LUK 22 59 qwf7 figs-explicit Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν 1 he is a Galilean The man could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 60 ck93 ἄνθρωπε 1 Man Peter did not know the man’s name. He was not insulting him by calling him “Man.” If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. See how you translated this in [Luke 22:58](../22/58.md).
LUK 22 60 al3s figs-idiom οὐκ οἶδα ὃ λέγεις 1 I do not know what you are saying “I do not know what you are talking about.” This expression means that Peter completely disagrees with the man. Alternate translation: “what you said is not true at all” or “what you said is completely false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 22 60 p6c5 ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦ 1 while he was still speaking “while Peter was speaking”
LUK 22 60 lt62 ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ 1 a rooster crowed Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](../22/34.md).
LUK 22 61 kkq8 ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι 1 a rooster crows Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](../22/34.md).
LUK 22 61 ui26 figs-explicit σήμερον 1 today The Jewish day started at sundown and continued to the next evening. Jesus had spoken the previous evening about what would happen shortly before dawn or at dawn. Alternate translation: “tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 61 zjc6 ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς 1 deny me three times “deny three times that you know me”
LUK 22 62 m5gu ἐξελθὼν ἔξω 1 he went outside “Peter went out of the courtyard”
LUK 22 63 abcu οἱ συνέχοντες αὐτὸν, ἐνέπαιζον αὐτῷ δέροντες 1 who were guarding him mocked and beat him “who were guarding Jesus mocked and beat Jesus”
LUK 22 64 zn1p περικαλύψαντες αὐτὸν 1 They put a cover over him “They covered his eyes so that he could not see”
LUK 22 64 cl2v figs-irony προφήτευσον, τίς ἐστιν ὁ παίσας σε 1 Prophesy! Who is the one who hit you? The guards did not believe that Jesus was a prophet. Rather, they believed that a real prophet would know who hit him even if he could not see. They called Jesus a prophet, but they were teasing him and showing him why they did not think that he was a prophet. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are a prophet. Tell us who hit you!” or “Hey prophet, who hit you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 22 64 q4g1 figs-explicit προφήτευσον 1 Prophesy! “Speak words from God!” The implied information is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him since Jesus was blindfolded and could not see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 66 vp8u figs-activepassive ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ Συνέδριον αὐτῶν 1 They led him into their council Possible meanings are (1) “The elders had Jesus brought into the council” or (2) “The guards led Jesus into the council of the elders.” Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun “they” or by using a passive verb: “Jesus was led into the council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 67 g8iy figs-hypo ἐὰν ὑμῖν εἴπω, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 If I tell you, you will certainly not believe This is the first of two hypothetical statements by Jesus. It was a way for Jesus to respond without giving them a reason to say that he was guilty of blasphemy. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 22 68 l7nz figs-hypo ἐὰν…ἐρωτήσω, οὐ μὴ ἀποκριθῆτε 1 if I ask you, you will certainly not answer This is the second hypothetical statement. It was a way for Jesus to rebuke them without giving them a reason to convict him. These words, along with “If I tell you, you will not believe” (verse 67), show that Jesus did not believe that the council was really looking for the truth. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. Jesus is saying that whether he speaks or asks them to speak, they will not respond correctly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
LUK 22 69 z3ea ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν 1 from now on “from this day” or “starting from today”
LUK 22 69 p8kt figs-123person ἔσται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man will be Jesus uses this phrase to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 22 69 nka9 translate-symaction καθήμενος ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 seated at the right hand of the power of God To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “seated in the place of honor beside the power of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 22 69 h4n3 figs-metonymy τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the power of God “the all-powerful God.” Here “power” refers to his supreme authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 22 70 udh2 figs-explicit σὺ οὖν εἶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Then you are the Son of God? The council asked this question because they wanted Jesus to explicitly confirm their understanding that he was saying he was the Son of God. Alternate translation: “So when you said that, did you mean that you are the Son of God?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 70 l4j7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 22 70 jtr9 ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι 1 You are saying that I am “Yes, it is just like you say”
LUK 22 71 u3m3 figs-rquestion τί ἔτι ἔχομεν μαρτυρίας χρείαν? 1 What further need do we have of a witness? They use a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: “We have no further need for witnesses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 71 lpm4 figs-metonymy ἠκούσαμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 we have heard from his own mouth The phrase “his own mouth” refers to his speech. Alternate translation: “heard him say that he believes he is the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 23 intro p6wq 0 # Luke 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the last line of this chapter apart because it is more connected with chapter 24 than with chapter 23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Accuse<br><br>The chief priests and scribes accused Jesus of doing evil because they wanted Pilate to kill Jesus. But they were accusing him falsely, because Jesus had never done what they accused him of doing.<br><br>### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”<br><br>The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.<br><br>### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 23:53](../../luk/23/53.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “I find no fault in this man”<br><br>Pilate was saying that he did not know of any reason why he should punish Jesus because Jesus had not broken any laws. Pilate was not saying that Jesus was perfect.
LUK 23 1 sgf1 ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν 1 The whole company of them “All of the Jewish leaders” or “All the members of the Council”
LUK 23 1 mvn9 ἀναστὰν 1 rose up “stood” or “stood to their feet”
LUK 23 1 k4aa figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τὸν Πειλᾶτον 1 before Pilate To appear before someone means to enter into their authority. Alternate translation: “to be judged by Pilate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 23 2 mtc8 figs-exclusive εὕρομεν 1 We found “We” refers only the Council members, and not to Pilate of any other people nearby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 23 2 im4v διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 1 perverting our nation “causing our people to do things that are not right” or “causing trouble by telling lies to our people”
LUK 23 2 l68k figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 to Caesar Caesar represents the Emperor of Rome. Alternate translation: “to the Emperor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 23 3 z5hu ὁ δὲ Πειλᾶτος ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν 1 So Pilate questioned him “Pilate asked Jesus”
LUK 23 3 ve4s figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are (1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” or (2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 4 s8fi οὐδὲν εὑρίσκω αἴτιον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ 1 I find no fault in this man “I do not find this man guilty of anything”
LUK 23 5 yy6w ἀνασείει 1 He stirs up “causes trouble among”
LUK 23 5 cr78 ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἕως ὧδε 1 all Judea, and beginning from Galilee, even to this place This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “all Judea. He began causing trouble in Galilee and now is causing trouble here”
LUK 23 6 vvp6 ἀκούσας 1 when heard this “heard that Jesus began to teach in Galilee”
LUK 23 6 px94 ἐπηρώτησεν εἰ ὁ ἄνθρωπος Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν 1 he asked whether the man was a Galilean Pilate wanted to know from which area Jesus came because he wanted to have a lower-ranking government official judge Jesus. If Jesus were from Galilee, Pilate could have Herod judge Jesus because Herod had authority over Galilee.
LUK 23 7 cbn1 ἐπιγνοὺς 1 When he discovered “Pilate found out”
LUK 23 7 mn6i figs-explicit ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστὶν 1 he was under Herod’s authority The passage does not state the implied fact that Herod was the ruler of Galilee. Alternate translation: “Jesus was under the authority of Herod because Herod ruled over Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 7 ys2n ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 in those days “at that time”
LUK 23 8 k9z8 ἐχάρη λείαν; ἦν 1 he was very glad “Herod was very glad”
LUK 23 8 z3zz θέλων ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν 1 he had wanted to see him “Herod had wanted to see Jesus”
LUK 23 8 gp7u τὸ ἀκούειν περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 he had heard about him “Herod had heard about Jesus”
LUK 23 8 vg5u ἤλπιζέν 1 he was hoping “Herod hoped”
LUK 23 8 b424 figs-activepassive τι σημεῖον ἰδεῖν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ γινόμενον 1 to see some sign done by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to see him perform some kind of miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 9 hbp3 ἐπηρώτα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς 1 So he questioned him in many words “Herod asked Jesus a lot of questions”
LUK 23 9 c8li οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ 1 answered him nothing “did not reply” or “did not give Herod an answer”
LUK 23 10 hn8g εὐτόνως κατηγοροῦντες αὐτοῦ 1 violently accusing him “severely accusing Jesus” or “accusing him of all kinds of crimes”
LUK 23 11 p9yl ὁ Ἡρῴδης σὺν τοῖς στρατεύμασιν αὐτοῦ 1 Herod and his soldiers “Herod and his soldiers”
LUK 23 11 qt1c περιβαλὼν ἐσθῆτα λαμπρὰν 1 Dressing him in elegant clothes “put beautiful clothes on him.” The translation should not imply that this was done to honor or care for Jesus. They did it to mock Jesus and to make fun of him.
LUK 23 12 b6f1 figs-explicit ἐγένοντο…φίλοι ὅ τε Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πειλᾶτος ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ μετ’ ἀλλήλων 1 both Herod and Pilate had become friends with each other that day The implied information is that they became friends because Herod appreciated Pilate allowing him to judge Jesus. Alternate translation: “Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day because Pilate had sent Jesus to Herod for judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 12 x7r8 writing-background προϋπῆρχον γὰρ ἐν ἔχθρᾳ ὄντες πρὸς αὑτούς 1 for previously there had been hostility between them This information is enclosed in parentheses to show that it is background information. Use a format that your audience would understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 23 13 h89l συνκαλεσάμενος τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς, καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ τὸν λαὸν 1 called together the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people “called the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people to come meet together”
LUK 23 13 d7gn figs-explicit τὸν λαὸν 1 the people It is not likely that Pilate asked a crowd to come. The crowd was probably still there waiting to see what would happen to Jesus. Alternate translation: “the crowd that was still there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 14 wsw6 ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα 1 as perverting “saying that he”
LUK 23 14 ee53 figs-explicit ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ἀνακρίνας 1 having questioned him before you “I have questioned Jesus in your presence, and.” It is implied that they were witnesses to the proceedings. Alternate translation: “I have questioned Jesus with you here as witnesses, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 15 h623 figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ Ἡρῴδης 1 But neither did Herod It may be helpful to add information that is not included in the short statement. Alternate translation: “Even Herod does not think he is guilty” or “Even Herod thinks he is innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 23 15 bn7l οὐδὲ Ἡρῴδης…γὰρ 1 neither did Herod, for “nor does Herod, because” or “nor does Herod. We know this because”
LUK 23 15 i2ba figs-exclusive ἀνέπεμψεν…αὐτὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς 1 he sent him back to us “Herod sent Jesus to return to us.” The word “us” refers to Pilate, his soldiers, and the priests and scribes, but not those who were listening to Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 23 15 gs4m figs-activepassive οὐδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἐστὶν πεπραγμένον αὐτῷ 1 nothing that is worthy of death has been done by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he has not done anything to deserve a death sentence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 16 p5wa παιδεύσας οὖν αὐτὸν 1 I will therefore punish him Because Pilate had found no fault in Jesus he should have released him without punishment. It is not necessary to try to make this statement fit logically into the translation. Pilate punished Jesus, whom he knew to be innocent, only because he was afraid of the crowd.
LUK 23 18 cx37 writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 19 tells us background information about who Barabbas is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 23 18 ib9q figs-explicit αἶρε τοῦτον, ἀπόλυσον δὲ 1 Away with this man, but release “Take this man away! Release.” They are asking him to have his soldiers kill Jesus. Alternate translation: “Take this man away and execute him! Release” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 18 i6pj figs-exclusive ἀπόλυσον…ἡμῖν 1 release to us “us” refers to the crowd only, and not to Pilate and his soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 23 19 vd6b writing-background ὅστις ἦν…φόνον, βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ 1 He was put into prison…for murder This is background information that Luke gives about who Barabbas was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 23 19 qdv7 figs-activepassive ὅστις ἦν…βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ 1 He was put into prison This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Romans had put in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 19 zl1f στάσιν τινὰ γενομένην ἐν τῇ πόλει 1 a certain rebellion that happened in the city “trying to persuade the people of the city to rebel against the Roman government”
LUK 23 20 vbp4 πάλιν…προσεφώνησεν αὐτοῖς 1 again addressed them “spoke to them again” or “spoke again to the people in the crowd and to the religious rulers”
LUK 23 20 t1i2 θέλων ἀπολῦσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 desiring to release Jesus “because he wanted to set Jesus free”
LUK 23 22 iz5v translate-ordinal ὁ δὲ τρίτον εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Then he said to them a third time “Pilate said to the crowd again, for the third time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 23 22 ck75 figs-rquestion τί…κακὸν ἐποίησεν οὗτος? 1 what evil has this man done? Pilate uses this question to cause the crowd to understand that Jesus is innocent. Alternate translation: “this man has not done anything wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 23 22 mij1 παιδεύσας…αὐτὸν, ἀπολύσω 1 after punishing him, I will release him As in [Luke 23:16](../23/16.md), Pilate should have released Jesus without punishment because he was innocent. However, he offered to punish Jesus to appease the crowd.
LUK 23 23 pst8 figs-activepassive αὐτὸν σταυρωθῆναι 1 for him to be crucified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Pilate to have his soldiers crucify Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 23 pgz9 κατίσχυον αἱ φωναὶ αὐτῶν 1 their voices prevailed “The crowd kept shouting until they convinced Pilate”
LUK 23 24 tfw2 γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν 1 to grant their demand “to do what the crowd requested”
LUK 23 25 nwd3 ἀπέλυσεν δὲ τὸν…ὃν ᾐτοῦντο 1 He released the one whom they asked for Pilate released Barrabas from prison. Alternate translation: “Pilate freed Barabbas, whom the crowd had asked be released”
LUK 23 25 t66f writing-background διὰ στάσιν καὶ φόνον βεβλημένον εἰς φυλακὴν 1 who had been put in prison for rioting and murder This is background information about where Barrabas was at that time. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Romans had put in prison…murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 23 25 z8v8 τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν τῷ θελήματι αὐτῶν 1 but he handed over Jesus to their will “Pilate commanded the soldiers to bring Jesus to them to do whatever the crowd wanted to do”
LUK 23 26 s9kc ὡς ἀπήγαγον αὐτόν 1 As they led him away “While the soldiers led Jesus away from where Pilate was”
LUK 23 26 ysu3 ἐπιλαβόμενοι 1 they seized The Roman soldiers had the authority to compel people to carry their loads. Do not translate this in a way that indicates that Simon was arrested or had done anything wrong.
LUK 23 26 x5qz translate-names Σίμωνά, τινα Κυρηναῖον 1 a certain Simon of Cyrene “a man named Simon, from the city of Cyrene” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 23 26 i5ua ἐρχόμενον ἀπ’ ἀγροῦ 1 coming from the country “who was coming into Jerusalem from the countryside”
LUK 23 26 fub3 ἐπέθηκαν αὐτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν 1 putting the cross on him “put the cross on his shoulders”
LUK 23 26 y3p6 ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 behind Jesus “and he followed behind Jesus”
LUK 23 27 nvg3 πολὺ πλῆθος 1 A great crowd “A large crowd”
LUK 23 27 ad9f πολὺ πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ γυναικῶν 1 a great crowd of the people, and of women The woman were part of the large crowd, and not a separate crowd.
LUK 23 27 bp3x ἠκολούθει…αὐτῷ 1 were following him This does not mean that they were Jesus’ disciples. It simply means they were walking along behind him.
LUK 23 28 s3ka στραφεὶς…πρὸς αὐτὰς 1 turning to them This indicates that Jesus turned to face the women and address them directly.
LUK 23 28 nl38 θυγατέρες Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Daughters of Jerusalem The “daughter” of a city means the women of the city. This was not rude. It was a normal form of address to a group of women from one location. Alternate translation: “You women who are from Jerusalem”
LUK 23 28 wi15 figs-metonymy μὴ κλαίετε ἐπ’ ἐμέ, πλὴν ἐφ’ ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children The person is a metonym for what happens to the person. Alternate translation: “do not weep about the bad things that will happen to me. Instead, weep because worse things will happen to you and to your children” or “you are weeping because bad things are happening to me, but you will weep even more when worse things happen to you and your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 23 29 bjb7 ἔρχονται ἡμέραι 1 days are coming “there will soon be a time”
LUK 23 29 xi9e ἐν αἷς ἐροῦσιν 1 in which they will say “when people will say”
LUK 23 29 rat4 αἱ στεῖραι 1 the barren “women who have not given birth to children”
LUK 23 29 rgj1 αἱ κοιλίαι αἳ οὐκ ἐγέννησαν, καὶ μαστοὶ οἳ οὐκ ἔθρεψαν 1 the wombs that did not bear, and the breasts that did not nurse These clauses are used to more fully describe “the barren.” Those women neither gave birth nor nursed children. It may be helpful to combine these together with “the barren.” Alternate translation: “the women who have never given birth to children or nursed babies”
LUK 23 30 gya6 figs-ellipsis τοῖς βουνοῖς 1 to the hills Words are left out to keep the phrase short. Alternate translation: “they will say to the hills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 23 31 y238 figs-rquestion ὅτι εἰ ἐν τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ, ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν; ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ, τί γένηται? 1 For if they do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry? Jesus uses a question to help the crowd understand that people are doing bad things now in good times, so certainly they will do worse things in the bad times in the future. Alternate translation: “You can see that they are doing these bad things while the tree is green, so you can be sure that they will do worse things when the tree is dry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 23 31 nkk3 figs-metaphor τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ 1 the tree is green The green tree is a metaphor for something that is good. If your language has a similar metaphor, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 23 31 zt5s figs-metaphor τῷ ξηρῷ 1 it is dry The dry wood is a metaphor for something that will be useful only to burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 23 32 w8yj figs-activepassive ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ ἕτεροι κακοῦργοι δύο σὺν αὐτῷ ἀναιρεθῆναι 1 Now two other criminals, were also being led away with him to be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The soldiers led away with Jesus two criminals to execute them also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 32 m2nh ἕτεροι κακοῦργοι δύο 1 two other criminals “Two other men who were criminals” or “Two criminals.” Luke avoids saying “other criminals” because Jesus was innocent, even though he was treated as a criminal. Luke calls the other two men criminals, but not Jesus.
LUK 23 33 wj2q ὅτε ἦλθον 1 When they came The word “they” includes the soldiers, the criminals, and Jesus.
LUK 23 33 i3vx ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτὸν 1 they crucified him “the Roman soldiers crucified Jesus”
LUK 23 33 bjr2 ὃν μὲν ἐκ δεξιῶν, ὃν δὲ ἐξ ἀριστερῶν 1 one on his right and one on his left “they crucified one criminal on Jesus’ right side and the other criminal on Jesus’ left side”
LUK 23 34 uk4s ἔβαλον κλῆρον 1 they cast lots The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. Alternate translation: “they gambled”
LUK 23 34 qbj8 διαμεριζόμενοι…τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, ἔβαλον κλῆρον 1 dividing up his garments, they cast lots “cast lots to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus’ clothing”
LUK 23 35 t7mb figs-irony ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, σωσάτω ἑαυτόν 1 He saved others. Let him save himself Luke records the ironic words of the rulers. The only way Jesus could save others was by dying instead of saving himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 23 35 m3f6 σωσάτω ἑαυτόν 1 Let him save himself “Jesus should be able to save himself.” They said this to mock Jesus. They did not believe he could save himself. Alternate translation: “We would like to see him prove who he is by saving himself from the cross”
LUK 23 36 q9w9 προσερχόμενοι 1 coming up “coming close to Jesus”
LUK 23 36 b3jz ὄξος προσφέροντες αὐτῷ 1 offering him vinegar “offering Jesus vinegar to drink.” Vinegar is a cheap drink that common people drink. The soldiers were mocking Jesus by giving a cheap drink to someone who claims to be a king.
LUK 23 37 x5wr figs-explicit εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, σῶσον σεαυτόν 1 If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself The soldiers were mocking Jesus. Alternate translation: “We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are, prove us wrong by saving yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 38 l5be ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ 1 an inscription over him “a placard at the top of Jesus’ cross that stated”
LUK 23 38 w7aw ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος 1 This is the King of the Jews The people who put this sign above Jesus were mocking him. They did not really think he was a king.
LUK 23 39 tmy7 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός? σῶσον σεαυτὸν 1 Are you not the Christ? Save yourself The criminal uses a question to mock Jesus. Alternate translation: “You claim to be the Christ. Save yourself” or “If you really were the Christ, you would save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 23 39 g6uk figs-irony σῶσον σεαυτὸν καὶ ἡμᾶς 1 Save yourself and us The criminal did not really think that Jesus could rescue them from the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 23 40 lb4e ὁ ἕτερος ἐπιτιμῶν αὐτῷ 1 the other rebuked him “the other criminal rebuked him”
LUK 23 40 nk1r figs-rquestion οὐδὲ φοβῇ σὺ τὸν Θεόν, ὅτι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κρίματι εἶ 1 Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same condemnation? The criminal uses a question to scold the other criminal. Alternate translation: “You should fear God, because they are punishing you the same way they are punishing him” or “You must have no fear of God, since you mock him while you are hanging on a cross the same as he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 23 41 qyp6 figs-123person ἡμεῖς μὲν…ἐπράξαμεν ἀπολαμβάνομεν 1 We indeed…we are receiving…we did These usages of “we” refer only to the two criminals, and not to Jesus or the other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 23 42 mht9 καὶ ἔλεγεν 1 Then he said “The criminal also said”
LUK 23 42 j9d9 μνήσθητί μου 1 remember me “think about me and treat me well”
LUK 23 42 zyv3 figs-metonymy ὅταν ἔλθῃς ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ σου 1 when you come into your kingdom To “come into” a kingdom means to begin to rule. Alternate translation: “begin to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 23 43 n6w9 ἀμήν, σοι λέγω, σήμερον 1 Truly I say to you, today “Truly” adds emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: “I want you to know that today”
LUK 23 43 f1fl τῷ Παραδείσῳ 1 paradise This is the place that righteous people go to when they die. Jesus was assuring the man that he would be with God and God would accept him. Alternate translation: “the place where the righteous people live” or “the place where people live well”
LUK 23 44 x7fl ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη 1 about the sixth hour “about noon.” This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m.
LUK 23 44 q4t3 σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν γῆν 1 darkness came over the whole land “the entire land became dark”
LUK 23 44 e8zn ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 until the ninth hour “until 3 p.m.” This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m.
LUK 23 45 hjt3 τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλειπόντος 1 The sun was darkened This does not refer to sundown. Rather, the light of the sun darkened during the middle of the day. Use a term to describe the sun becoming dark rather than the sun going down.
LUK 23 45 ssh2 τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ 1 the curtain of the temple “the curtain inside the temple.” This was the curtain that separated the most holy place from the rest of the temple.
LUK 23 45 ah4k figs-activepassive ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον 1 the curtain of the temple was torn in two “the curtain of the temple was torn into two pieces.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God tore the temple curtain into two pieces from the top to the bottom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 46 z1fq φωνήσας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 crying out with a loud voice “Shouting loudly.” It may be helpful to show how this is related to the events of the previous verses. Alternate translation: “When that happened, Jesus shouted loudly”
LUK 23 46 r4ub guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 23 46 mix5 figs-metonymy εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ Πνεῦμά μου 1 into your hands I commit my spirit “The phrase “into your hands” refers to God’s care. Alternate translation: “I entrust my spirit to your care” or “I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 23 46 k5rv τοῦτο δὲ εἰπὼν 1 Now having said this “After Jesus said this”
LUK 23 46 bd6y ἐξέπνευσεν 1 he breathed his last “Jesus died”
LUK 23 47 p6lh ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης 1 the centurion This was the title for the Roman officer who was in charge of the other Roman soldiers. He supervised the crucifixion.
LUK 23 47 ar1d figs-activepassive τὸ γενόμενον 1 what happened This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the things that had happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 47 c2ti ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος ἦν 1 this man was righteous “this man did nothing wrong” or “this man did not do anything wrong”
LUK 23 48 jth1 οἱ συνπαραγενόμενοι 1 who had come together “who gathered together”
LUK 23 48 gt8y ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην 1 for this spectacle “see this event” or “observe what was happening”
LUK 23 48 yq19 figs-activepassive τὰ γενόμενα 1 the things that had happened This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what had happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 48 ft9q translate-symaction τύπτοντες τὰ στήθη 1 beating their breasts This was a symbol of sorrow and regret. Alternate translation: “hitting their own chests to show that they were sorrowful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 23 49 xzh8 αἱ συνακολουθοῦσαι αὐτῷ 1 who followed him “traveled with Jesus”
LUK 23 49 evb4 ἀπὸ μακρόθεν 1 at a distance “some distance away from Jesus”
LUK 23 49 s74u ταῦτα 1 these things “what happened”
LUK 23 50 cbj7 writing-background 0 General Information: Joseph asks Pilate for Jesus’ body. These verses give us background information about who Joseph is. It may be helpful to reorder some of this information with a verse bridge, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
LUK 23 50 ud7p writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἀνὴρ 1 Now there was a man The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “There was a man who was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 23 50 wx2z βουλευτὴς 1 a council member “the Jewish Council”
LUK 23 51 ddr1 figs-explicit οὗτος οὐκ ἦν συνκατατεθειμένος τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῇ πράξει αὐτῶν 1 He did not agree with the council and their action What the decision was can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with either the Council’s decision to kill Jesus or with their action in killing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 51 rba6 translate-names ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας 1 He was from Arimathea Here “Judean town” means it was located in Judea. Alternate translation: “the town called Arimathea, which is in Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 23 52 tk6r οὗτος, προσελθὼν τῷ Πειλάτῳ, ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 He approached Pilate, asking for the body of Jesus “This man went to Pilate and requested the body of Jesus, to bury it.”
LUK 23 53 ec9d καθελὼν 1 he took it down “Joseph took Jesus’ body from the cross”
LUK 23 53 f5bq ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι 1 wrapped it in a linen cloth “wrapped the body in a fine linen cloth.” This was the normal burial custom at that time.
LUK 23 53 yy3n figs-activepassive λαξευτῷ 1 that was cut in the rock This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which someone had cut in a rock cliff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 53 m5wu οὗ οὐκ ἦν οὐδεὶς οὔπω κείμενος 1 in which no one had yet been laid This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “No one had ever before put a body in that tomb”
LUK 23 54 b4i1 figs-metaphor Σάββατον ἐπέφωσκεν 1 the Sabbath was about to begin For the Jews, the day began at sunset. Alternate translation: “it was soon going to be sunset, the start of the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 23 55 pu3i αἵτινες ἦσαν συνεληλυθυῖαι ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας αὐτῷ 1 who had come with Jesus out of Galilee “who had traveled with Jesus from the region of Galilee”
LUK 23 55 nhd9 figs-activepassive κατακολουθήσασαι…ἐθεάσαντο τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ ὡς ἐτέθη τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “walked along behind Joseph and the men who were with him; the women saw the tomb and how the men laid Jesus’ body inside the tomb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 23 56 sm68 ὑποστρέψασαι 1 They returned “The women went to the houses where the women were staying”
LUK 23 56 mj6q figs-explicit ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα καὶ μύρα 1 prepared spices and ointments Because they had had no time to honor Jesus by putting fragrant spices and ointments on his body on the day he died, they were going to do it on the morning of the first day of the week. Alternate translation: “prepared spices and ointments to put on Jesus’ body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 56 uzk9 ἡσύχασαν 1 they rested “the women did no work”
LUK 23 56 tk6s κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν 1 according to the commandment “according to the Jewish law” or “as the Jewish law required.” They were not allowed to prepare his body on the Sabbath according to the law.
LUK 24 intro r5qx 0 # Luke 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 24:1](../../luk/24/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>### The faith of the women<br><br>Most of Luke’s original readers would have thought of women as less important than men, but Luke carefully shows that some women loved Jesus very much and had more faith than the twelve disciples had.<br><br>### Resurrection<br><br>Luke wants his readers to understand that Jesus came alive again in a physical body ([Luke 24:38-43](./38.md)).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 24:7](../../luk/24/07.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br><br>### “On the third day”<br><br>Jesus told his followers that he would become alive again “on the third day” ([Luke 18:33](../../luk/18/33.md)). He died on a Friday afternoon (before sunset) and became alive again on a Sunday, so he became alive again “on the third day” because the Jews said that the day began and ended at sunset, and they counted any part of the day as a day. Friday was the first day, Saturday was the second day, and Sunday was the third day.<br><br>### Two men in bright shining robes<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md))
LUK 24 1 b46u 0 General Information: The women ([Luke 23:55](../23/55.md)) return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus’ body.
LUK 24 1 r62f translate-ordinal τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων, ὄρθρου βαθέως 1 Now at early dawn on the first day of the week “Before dawn on Sunday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 24 1 qg7a ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἦλθαν 1 they came to the tomb “the women arrived at the tomb.” These were the women spoken of in [Luke 23:55](../23/55.md).
LUK 24 2 l6uk figs-activepassive τὸν λίθον ἀποκεκυλισμένον 1 the stone rolled away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone had rolled the stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 2 t4mf τὸν λίθον 1 the stone This was a large, cut, round stone big enough to completely block the doorway to the tomb. It required several men to roll it.
LUK 24 3 elq2 figs-explicit οὐχ εὗρον τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus You can state explicitly that they did not find it because it was not there. Alternate translation: “the body of the Lord Jesus was not there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 24 4 bmt4 καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
LUK 24 5 n5xf translate-symaction κλινουσῶν τὰ πρόσωπα εἰς τὴν γῆν 1 bowed down their faces to the earth “bowed low to the ground.” This action expresses their humility and submission to the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 24 5 fs3y figs-rquestion τί ζητεῖτε τὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τῶν νεκρῶν? 1 Why do you seek the living among the dead? The men use a question to mildly criticize the women for looking in a tomb for a living person. Alternate translation: “You are looking for a living person among dead people!” or “You should not be looking for someone who is alive in a place where they bury dead people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 24 5 x4vy figs-you τί ζητεῖτε 1 Why do you seek Here “you” is plural, referring to the women who came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 24 6 awf1 figs-activepassive ἀλλὰ ἠγέρθη 1 but has been raised “but he has been made alive again.” “Raised” here is an idiom for “caused to live again.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God has made him alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 24 6 rt89 figs-you ὑμῖν 1 to you The word “you” is plural. It refers to the women and possibly the other disciples in addition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 24 7 sj3u figs-quotations τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὅτι 1 that the Son of Man This is the beginning of an indirect quote. It can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 24 7 pl6b figs-activepassive τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…δεῖ παραδοθῆναι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλῶν, καὶ σταυρωθῆναι 1 the Son of Man must be delivered up into the hands of sinful men and be crucified The phrase “must be” means this is something that would certainly happen because God had already decided that it would happen. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “it was necessary that they hand the Son of Man over to sinful men who would crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 7 e4ca figs-metonymy εἰς χεῖρας 1 into the hands Here “hands” refers to power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 24 7 dta4 translate-ordinal τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on the third day The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the “third day” because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 24 8 rew5 figs-metonymy ἐμνήσθησαν τῶν ῥημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 they remembered his words Here “words” refers to the statement that Jesus made. Alternate translation: “remembered what Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 24 9 fnh6 τοῖς ἕνδεκα, καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς λοιποῖς 1 to the eleven and to all the rest “the eleven apostles and all the rest of the disciples who were with them”
LUK 24 9 iz68 τοῖς ἕνδεκα 1 the eleven This is Luke’s first reference to the eleven, because Judas left the twelve and betrayed Jesus.
LUK 24 10 h1ml δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke gives the names of some of the women who came from the tomb and told the apostles what had happened there.
LUK 24 11 apl7 καὶ ἐφάνησαν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 1 But these words seemed like idle talk to the apostles “But the apostles thought that what the women said was foolish talk”
LUK 24 12 e7tt ὁ δὲ Πέτρος 1 Peter, however This phrase contrasts Peter to the other apostles. He did not dismiss what the women said, but ran to the tomb to see for himself.
LUK 24 12 rm1d figs-idiom ἀναστὰς 1 rose up This is an idiom that means “began to act.” Whether Peter was sitting or standing when he decided to act is not important. Alternate translation: “started out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 24 12 ax6s παρακύψας 1 stooping down Peter had to bend over in order to see inside the tomb because tombs cut in solid rock were very low. Alternate translation: “bending himself at the waist”
LUK 24 12 n1tg figs-explicit τὰ ὀθόνια μόνα 1 only the linen cloths “only the linen cloths.” This refers to the cloths that had been wrapped around Jesus’ body when he was buried in [Luke 23:53](../23/53.md). It is implied that the body of Jesus was not there. Alternate translation: “the linen cloths in which Jesus’ body had been wrapped, but Jesus was not there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 24 12 fxd2 ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν 1 went away to his home “went away to his home”
LUK 24 13 a1e3 writing-newevent 0 General Information: Two of the disciples are on their way to Emmaus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 24 13 emc5 writing-newevent ἰδοὺ 1 behold The author uses this word to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 24 15 tl6s καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. It starts with Jesus approaching them. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
LUK 24 15 b3sl αὐτὸς Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus himself The word “himself” emphasizes the fact that the very Jesus they were talking about actually appeared to them. So far the women had seen the angels, but no one had seen Jesus.
LUK 24 16 q6nk figs-synecdoche οἱ…ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν ἐκρατοῦντο τοῦ μὴ ἐπιγνῶναι αὐτόν 1 their eyes were prevented from recognizing him “their eyes were kept from recognizing Jesus.” The men’s ability to recognize Jesus is spoken of as their eyes’ ability to recognize him. This can be stated in active form. It is most likely that it was God who prevented them from recognizing Jesus. Alternate translation: “something happened to them so they could not recognize him” or “God prevented them from recognizing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 17 xak8 εἶπεν…πρὸς αὐτούς 1 he said to them “Jesus said to the two men”
LUK 24 18 qx7m figs-rquestion σὺ μόνος παροικεῖς…ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις? 1 Are you alone visiting…in it in these days? Cleopas uses this question to show his surprise that this man appears not to know about the things that have happened in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You must be the only person…days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 24 18 e8gg figs-you σὺ 1 e you Here “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 24 19 aj5c ποῖα 1 What things? “What things have happened?” or “What things have taken place?”
LUK 24 19 x25r προφήτης, δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ, ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ 1 a prophet, mighty in deed and word before God and all the people This means that God caused Jesus to be mighty and that the people saw that he was mighty. Alternate translation: “a prophet to whom God gave power to do and teach great things that were amazing to all the people”
LUK 24 20 a6aw παρέδωκαν αὐτὸν 1 delivered him up “gave him over”
LUK 24 20 e5zt figs-activepassive εἰς κρίμα θανάτου, καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν 1 to be condemned to death and crucified him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in order for the governor to put Jesus to death by crucifying him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 21 ljb1 figs-explicit ὁ μέλλων λυτροῦσθαι τὸν Ἰσραήλ 1 the one who was going to redeem Israel The Romans ruled over the Jews. Alternate translation: “who would free the Israelites from our Roman enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 24 21 d52i ἀλλά γε καὶ σὺν πᾶσιν τούτοις 1 But in addition to all these things This introduces another reason why they believed Jesus would not free Israel. Alternate translation: “Now that does not seem possible because”
LUK 24 21 xqc3 translate-ordinal τρίτην…ἡμέραν 1 the third day The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the “third day” because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](../24/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 24 25 vg3z figs-metonymy βραδεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ, τοῦ πιστεύειν 1 slow of heart to believe Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “your minds are slow to believe” or “you are slow to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 24 26 n85k figs-rquestion οὐχὶ…ἔδει…τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ? 1 Was it not necessary…his glory? Jesus uses a question to remind the disciples about what the prophets said. Alternate translation: “It was necessary…glory.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 24 27 g4t7 figs-metonymy ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως 1 beginning from Moses Moses wrote the first books of the Bible. Alternate translation: “beginning with the writings of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 24 27 vb2e διερμήνευσεν αὐτοῖς 1 he interpreted to them “Jesus explained to them”
LUK 24 28 cdj2 αὐτὸς προσεποιήσατο πορρώτερον πορεύεσθαι 1 he acted as though he were going further The two men understood from his actions that he was going on to another destination. Perhaps he kept walking on the road when they turned off to enter the gate into the village. There is no indication that Jesus deceived them with words.
LUK 24 29 pn4d figs-hyperbole παρεβιάσαντο αὐτὸν 1 they compelled him You may need to make explicit what they compelled him to do. This is probably an exaggeration to show that they needed to speak with him for a long time before they could change his mind. The word “compel” means to use physical force, but it seems that they persuaded him using only words. Alternate translation: “they were able to persuade him to stay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 24 30 k6ud καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
LUK 24 30 ecm2 εὐλόγησεν 1 blessed it “gave thanks for it” or “thanked God for it”
LUK 24 31 h4yr figs-metonymy αὐτῶν δὲ διηνοίχθησαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ 1 Then their eyes were opened Their “eyes” represent their understanding. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they understood” or “Then they realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 31 q89z ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν 1 they recognized him “they recognized him.” These disciples had known him before his death.
LUK 24 31 yev2 αὐτὸς ἄφαντος ἐγένετο ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 he vanished from their sight This means that suddenly he was no longer there. It does not mean that he became invisible.
LUK 24 32 inw4 figs-metaphor οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν…τὰς Γραφάς? 1 Was not our heart burning…the scriptures? They use a question to emphasize how amazed they were about their encounter with Jesus. The intense feelings they had while talking to Jesus are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside them. Alternate translation: “Our hearts were burning…scriptures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 24 32 xy6p ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς Γραφάς 1 while he opened to us the scriptures Jesus did not open a book or scroll. “opened” refers to their understanding. Alternate translation: “while he explained the scriptures to us” or “while he enabled us to understand the scriptures”
LUK 24 35 fb1r τὰ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 the things that happened on the way This refers to Jesus appearing to them while they were on their way to the village of Emmaus.
LUK 24 35 mnn2 figs-activepassive ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς 1 how Jesus was made known to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “how they recognized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 35 y3f8 ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου 1 in the breaking of the bread “when Jesus broke the bread” or “when Jesus tore the bread”
LUK 24 36 e8i4 0 General Information: Jesus appears to the disciples. When the two men previously arrived at the house where the Eleven were, Jesus was not with them.
LUK 24 36 rt8d figs-rpronouns αὐτὸς 1 Jesus himself The word “himself” focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. Most of them had not seen him after his resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
LUK 24 36 q7yl ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν 1 in the midst of them “among them”
LUK 24 36 pnl1 figs-you εἰρήνη ὑμῖν 1 Peace be to you “May you have peace” or “May God give you peace!” The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
LUK 24 37 i2tu πτοηθέντες δὲ 1 But they were terrified “But” indicates a strong contrast. Jesus told them to be at peace, but they were very afraid instead.
LUK 24 37 kf17 figs-doublet πτοηθέντες…καὶ ἔμφοβοι γενόμενοι 1 they were terrified, and became very afraid “startled and afraid.” These two phrases mean about the same thing, and are used together to emphasize their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 24 37 z4q5 ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν 1 thinking that they saw a spirit “thought that they were seeing a ghost.” They did not yet truly understand that Jesus was really alive.
LUK 24 38 jj1h figs-rquestion τί τεταραγμένοι ἐστέ 1 Why are you troubled? Jesus uses a question to comfort them. Alternate translation: “Do not be frightened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 24 38 ic97 figs-rquestion διὰ τί διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν? 1 Why do doubts arise in your heart? Jesus uses a question to mildly rebuke them. Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. The word “heart” is a metonym for a persons’ mind. Alternate translation: “Do not doubt in your minds!” or “Stop doubting!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 24 39 a12n ψηλαφήσατέ με καὶ ἴδετε…ἐμὲ θεωρεῖτε ἔχοντα 1 Touch me and see…you see me having Jesus asks them to confirm by touch that he is not a ghost. It may be helpful to combine and reorder these two sentences. Alternate translation: “Touch me and feel that I have flesh and bones that a ghost would not have”
LUK 24 40 qm9p τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας 1 his hands and his feet It is understood that his hands and feet contained the nail marks from his crucifixion that would prove it was really Jesus. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the wounds in his hands and his feet”
LUK 24 41 hr4f ἔτι δὲ ἀπιστούντων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς 1 Now when they still could not believe it because of the joy “They were so full of joy that they still could not believe it was really true”
LUK 24 43 tyh4 figs-explicit ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ἔφαγεν 1 ate it before them Jesus did this to prove that he had a physical body. Spirits would not be able to eat food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 24 44 g76a figs-activepassive δεῖ πληρωθῆναι πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα…ψαλμοῖς, περὶ ἐμοῦ 1 all that was written…the Psalms must be fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God would fulfill all that was written…Psalms” or “God would cause all that was written…Psalms to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 44 q7x8 figs-activepassive πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωϋσέως, καὶ τοῖς προφήταις, καὶ ψαλμοῖς, περὶ ἐμοῦ 1 all that was written in the law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms The words “law of Moses,” “the Prophets,” and “the Psalms” are proper names for parts of the Hebrew Bible. This can be stated in active form and using common nouns. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law, all that the prophets wrote, and all that the writers of the Psalms wrote about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 45 qf61 figs-idiom τότε διήνοιξεν αὐτῶν τὸν νοῦν τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς Γραφάς 1 Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures To “open the mind” is an idiom that means to enable someone to understand. Alternate translation: “Then he enabled them to understand the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 24 46 cwr5 figs-activepassive οὕτως γέγραπται 1 Thus it has been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is what people long ago wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 46 e75f ἀναστῆναι ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 rise again from the dead In this verse, “to rise” is to come alive again. The words “from the dead” speak of all dead people together in the underworld.
LUK 24 46 r2zy translate-ordinal τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 the third day The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the “third day” because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](../24/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LUK 24 47 w5j5 figs-activepassive κηρυχθῆναι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 repentance for forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in his name to all the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Followers of the Christ should preach to people in all the nations that they need to repent and that they need God to forgive their sins through Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 47 lty6 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 in his name His “name” here refers to his authority. Alternate translation: “by the Christ’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 24 47 w1ha πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 all the nations “all the ethnic communities” or “all the people groups”
LUK 24 47 wiq7 ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 beginning from Jerusalem “starting in Jerusalem”
LUK 24 48 wp38 ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες 1 You are witnesses “You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true.” The disciples had observed Jesus’ life, death and resurrection, and could describe to other people what he did.
LUK 24 49 m2lm figs-explicit ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρός μου ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς 1 I am sending upon you the promise of my Father “I will give you what my Father promised to give you.” God had promised to give the Holy Spirit. The UST makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 24 49 ynm2 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 24 49 c4iv figs-metaphor ἐνδύσησθε…δύναμιν 1 you are clothed with power God’s power will cover them in the same way that clothes cover a person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you receive power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 50 cm9a translate-symaction ἐπάρας τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ 1 lifting up his hands This was the action that priests performed when they blessed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 24 51 dzr3 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that “It came about.” This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 24 51 zx4t ἐν τῷ εὐλογεῖν αὐτὸν αὐτοὺς 1 while he was blessing them “while Jesus was asking God to do good to them”
LUK 24 51 clx9 figs-activepassive ἀνεφέρετο 1 was carried up Since Luke does not specify who carried Jesus up, we do not know if it was God himself or one or more angels. If your language would have to specify who did the carrying, it would be better to use “went” instead, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 24 52 a8vw writing-endofstory 0 General Information: These verses tell us about the ongoing actions of the disciples as the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
LUK 24 53 wa3d figs-hyperbole διὰ…ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 continually in the temple This is an exaggeration to express that they went into the temple courtyard every day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 24 53 edm3 figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Only priests were allowed into the temple building. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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