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Close parentheses used to label possible meanings. (#1367)

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Larry Sallee 2020-04-06 21:54:35 +00:00 committed by Gogs
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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ GEN 1 24 r6l3 0 beasts of the earth “wild animals” or “dangerous animals
GEN 1 24 l3v2 0 It was so “It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:7](../01/07.md).
GEN 1 25 m7h6 0 God made the beasts “In this way God made the beasts”
GEN 1 25 s88h 0 He saw that it was good Here “it” refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 1:4](../01/04.md).
GEN 1 26 x8fd figs-pronouns 0 Let us make The word “us” here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun “us” is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are 1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or 2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as “Let me make” or “I will make.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
GEN 1 26 x8fd figs-pronouns 0 Let us make The word “us” here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun “us” is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are (1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or (2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as “Let me make” or “I will make.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
GEN 1 26 xk37 0 man human beings
GEN 1 26 kt75 figs-doublet 0 in our image, after our likeness These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
GEN 1 26 st51 0 have dominion over “rule over” or “have authority over”
@ -105,18 +105,18 @@ GEN 2 1 yv5z figs-activepassive 0 were finished This can be stated in active fo
GEN 2 2 hi76 0 On the seventh day God came to the end of his work God did not work at all on the seventh day.
GEN 2 2 qf2n figs-idiom 0 came to the end of This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “had finished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 2 2 a69h 0 he rested on the seventh day from all his work “on that day he did not work”
GEN 2 3 k8jv 0 God blessed the seventh day Possible meanings are 1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or 2) God said that the seventh day was good.
GEN 2 3 k8jv 0 God blessed the seventh day Possible meanings are (1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or (2) God said that the seventh day was good.
GEN 2 3 k5p6 0 sanctified it “set it apart” or “called it his own”
GEN 2 3 dc8y 0 in it he rested from all his work “on it he did not work”
GEN 2 4 br8g 0 General Information: The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day.
GEN 2 4 f65q 0 These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth “This is the account of the heavens and the earth” or “This is the story about the heavens and the earth.” Possible meanings are 1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or 2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.
GEN 2 4 f65q 0 These were the events concerning the heavens and the earth “This is the account of the heavens and the earth” or “This is the story about the heavens and the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or (2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.
GEN 2 4 e8kg 0 they were created “Yahweh God created them.” In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as “God,” but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as “Yahweh God.”
GEN 2 4 j1fv 0 on the day that Yahweh God made “when Yahweh God created.” The word “day” refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day.
GEN 2 4 rpv8 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
GEN 2 5 s14i 0 No bush of the field no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat
GEN 2 5 rk64 0 no plant of the field no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat
GEN 2 5 ef6d 0 to cultivate to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well
GEN 2 6 xfl8 0 mist Possible meanings are 1) something like dew or morning fog o 2) springs from underground streams.
GEN 2 6 xfl8 0 mist Possible meanings are (1) something like dew or morning fog o (2) springs from underground streams.
GEN 2 6 v3yt 0 the whole surface of the ground the entire earth
GEN 2 7 id8h 0 formed man “molded man” or “shaped man” or “created man”
GEN 2 7 dk8k 0 man…man “a human being…the human” or “a person…the person” not specifically a male
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ GEN 3 15 iyz4 figs-pronouns 0 He will bruise…his heel The words “he” and
GEN 3 15 k4z3 0 bruise “crush” or “strike” or “attack”
GEN 3 16 hk7l 0 I will greatly multiply your pain “I will make your pain increase much” or “I will make your pain to be very severe”
GEN 3 16 a74c 0 in having children “in giving birth to children” or “when you give birth to children”
GEN 3 16 rt5m 0 Your desire will be for your husband “You will have a strong desire for your husband.” Possible meanings are 1) “You will want very much to be with your husband” or 2) “You will want to control your husband”
GEN 3 16 rt5m 0 Your desire will be for your husband “You will have a strong desire for your husband.” Possible meanings are (1) “You will want very much to be with your husband” or (2) “You will want to control your husband”
GEN 3 16 mk2u 0 he will rule over you “he will be your master” or “he will control you”
GEN 3 17 vtq5 0 Adam The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for “man.” Some translations say “Adam” and some say “the man.” You may use either form as it refers to the same person.
GEN 3 17 f2pb figs-idiom 0 you have listened to the voice of your wife This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what your wife said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ GEN 3 17 fhp5 0 You may not eat from it “You must not eat from it” or “D
GEN 3 17 rlw9 figs-activepassive 0 cursed is the ground The word “curse” comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been “good” ([Genesis 1:10](../01/10.md)), was now under God’s curse. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 3 17 zjr5 0 through painful work “by doing hard work”
GEN 3 17 dg63 figs-metonymy 0 you will eat from it The word “it” refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. Alternate translation: “you will eat what grows from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 3 18 zc9v 0 the plants of the field Possible meanings are 1) “the plants that you take care of in your fields” or 2) “the wild plants that grow in the open fields.”
GEN 3 18 zc9v 0 the plants of the field Possible meanings are (1) “the plants that you take care of in your fields” or (2) “the wild plants that grow in the open fields.”
GEN 3 19 kc7j 0 By the sweat of your face “By doing hard work that makes your face sweat”
GEN 3 19 pl6i figs-synecdoche 0 you will eat bread Here the word “bread” is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: “you will eat food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 3 19 z9pa 0 until you return to the ground “until you die and your body is put in the ground.” In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man’s hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial.
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ GEN 3 20 qic8 0 called his wife’s name Eve “gave his wife the name Eve”
GEN 3 20 pn1z 0 Eve Translators may write a footnote saying “The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘living.’”
GEN 3 20 wq8p figs-nominaladj 0 all the living The word “living” refers to people. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
GEN 3 21 an9a 0 garments of skins “clothing made out of animal skins”
GEN 3 22 ve6w 0 the man Possible meanings are 1) God was referring to one human, the man, or 2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.
GEN 3 22 ve6w 0 the man Possible meanings are (1) God was referring to one human, the man, or (2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.
GEN 3 22 gnj9 0 like one of us “like us.” The pronoun “us” is plural. See how you translated “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md).
GEN 3 22 x7q6 figs-merism 0 knowing good and evil Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in [Genesis 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
GEN 3 22 vz41 figs-activepassive 0 he must not be allowed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ GEN 3 23 t7zb 0 the ground from which he had been taken “dirt because he had
GEN 3 23 dri1 0 to cultivate This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
GEN 3 24 lwk4 0 So God drove the man out of the garden “God forced the man to leave the garden.” This refers to the event in [Genesis 3:23](../03/23.md), where it says “Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden.” God did not send the man out a second time.
GEN 3 24 jgc5 0 in order to guard the way to the tree of life “in order to stop people from going to the tree of life”
GEN 3 24 uuj7 0 flaming sword Possible meanings are 1) a sword that had flames coming from it or 2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.
GEN 3 24 uuj7 0 flaming sword Possible meanings are (1) a sword that had flames coming from it or (2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.
GEN 4 intro a2f7 0 # Genesis 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Vengeance<br><br>The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God’s protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him:<br>“I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much” (Gen. 4:23b-24).<br>
GEN 4 1 eg45 figs-euphemism 0 The man knew Eve This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 4 1 vph2 0 The man “the human being” or “Adam”
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ GEN 4 1 g2tx figs-explicit 0 Cain Translators may want to include a footnote th
GEN 4 2 hv71 0 Then she gave birth We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed.
GEN 4 2 bpy1 0 cultivated This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in [Genesis 2:5](../02/05.md).
GEN 4 3 x19b 0 It came about that This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here.
GEN 4 3 pvj2 0 in the course of time Possible meanings are 1) “after some time had passed” or 2) “at the right time”
GEN 4 3 pvj2 0 in the course of time Possible meanings are (1) “after some time had passed” or (2) “at the right time”
GEN 4 3 ph1l figs-explicit 0 fruit of the ground This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate translation: “crops” or “harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 4 4 zq2f figs-explicit 0 some of the fat This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate translation: “some of their fat parts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 4 4 mi4f 0 accepted “looked favorably upon” or “was pleased with”
@ -278,9 +278,9 @@ GEN 4 18 n5ni figs-explicit 0 To Enoch was born Irad It is implied that Enoch g
GEN 4 18 l1gq translate-names 0 Irad This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 4 19 bm1j translate-names 0 Adah…Zillah women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 4 20 urt3 0 Adah See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
GEN 4 20 ll8c 0 He was the father of those who lived in tents Possible meanings are 1) “He was the first person to live in a tent” or 2) “He and his descendants lived in tents.”
GEN 4 20 ll8c 0 He was the father of those who lived in tents Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to live in a tent” or (2) “He and his descendants lived in tents.”
GEN 4 20 fpv4 0 who lived in tents who have livestock people who both live in tents and also take care of animals
GEN 4 21 fv9d 0 He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe Possible meanings are 1) “He was the first person to play the harp and pipe” or 2) “He and his descendants played the harp and pipe.”
GEN 4 21 fv9d 0 He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to play the harp and pipe” or (2) “He and his descendants played the harp and pipe.”
GEN 4 22 m5qg 0 Zillah See how you translated this woman’s name in [Genesis 4:19](../04/19.md).
GEN 4 22 n1k8 translate-names 0 Tubal-Cain the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 4 22 c64b 0 the forger of tools of bronze and iron “who made tools out of bronze and iron”
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ GEN 6 1 dj4v figs-activepassive 0 daughters were born to them This can be activ
GEN 6 2 l1va 0 sons of God Translators could add a footnote saying: “It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created.” Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth.
GEN 6 3 lz4s 0 My spirit Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God.
GEN 6 3 et8s 0 flesh This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die.
GEN 6 3 pvv2 translate-numbers 0 They will live 120 years “They will live one hundred and twenty years.” Possible meanings are 1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: “They will not live more than 120 years” or 2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: “They will live only 120 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
GEN 6 3 pvv2 translate-numbers 0 They will live 120 years “They will live one hundred and twenty years.” Possible meanings are (1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: “They will not live more than 120 years” or (2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: “They will live only 120 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
GEN 6 4 e44a 0 Giants very tall, large people
GEN 6 4 ih17 0 This happened when “The giants were born because”
GEN 6 4 et78 0 sons of God See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:2](../06/02.md).
@ -367,12 +367,12 @@ GEN 6 9 nwq5 0 These were the events concerning Noah “This is the account of
GEN 6 9 eh9u 0 walked with God See how you translated this in [Genesis 5:21](../05/21.md).
GEN 6 10 sf7p 0 Noah became the father of three sons “Noah had three sons” or “Noah’s wife had three sons”
GEN 6 10 kk5r 0 Shem, Ham, and Japheth Translators may add the following footnote: “The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born.”
GEN 6 11 ym2f figs-metonymy 0 The earth Possible meanings are 1) the people who lived on the earth or 2) “The earth itself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 6 11 ym2f figs-metonymy 0 The earth Possible meanings are (1) the people who lived on the earth or (2) “The earth itself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 6 11 cmt9 figs-metaphor 0 was corrupt The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. Alternate translation: “was rotten” or “was completely evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 6 11 uj42 0 before God Possible meanings are 1) “in God’s sight” or 2) “in the presence of Yahweh” as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md).
GEN 6 11 uj42 0 before God Possible meanings are (1) “in God’s sight” or (2) “in the presence of Yahweh” as in [Genesis 4:16](../04/16.md).
GEN 6 11 taq9 figs-metaphor 0 and it was filled with violence The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. Alternate translation: “and there were very many violent people on the earth” or “because it was full of people who did evil things to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 6 12 j3ek 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
GEN 6 12 ut53 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 6 12 ut53 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 6 12 ds5x figs-metaphor 0 had corrupted their way How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “had stopped living the way God wanted” or “had behaved in an evil way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 6 13 qem8 0 all flesh See how you translated these words in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
GEN 6 13 hw2i 0 the earth is filled with violence through them “people everywhere on earth are violent”
@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ GEN 9 9 cpy2 0 As for me This phrase is used in English to mark the change fro
GEN 9 9 maf2 0 confirm my covenant with you “make a covenant between you and me.” See how you translated this in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).
GEN 9 11 q967 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
GEN 9 11 lay9 0 I hereby confirm my covenant with you “By saying this, I make my covenant with you.” See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 6:18](../06/18.md).
GEN 9 11 zug5 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 9 11 zug5 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 9 11 wr5z 0 Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth “There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth.” There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth.
GEN 9 12 r1uh 0 sign This means a reminder of something that was promised.
GEN 9 12 tl5l 0 covenant…for all future generations The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow.
@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ GEN 9 14 kg5c 0 rainbow the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain w
GEN 9 15 i9p6 0 I will call to mind my covenant This does not mean that God would first forget. Alternate translation: “I will think about my covenant”
GEN 9 15 d7pg 0 me and you The word “you” is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah’s sons.
GEN 9 15 lk6n 0 every living creature of all flesh “every kind of living being”
GEN 9 15 vn2n figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 9 15 vn2n figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 9 16 kbz5 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
GEN 9 16 b2e4 0 in order to remember “so that I will remember” or “so that I will think about”
GEN 9 16 kf45 0 between God and every living creature God is speaking here. Alternate translation: “between me and every living creature”
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ GEN 9 25 ey5x 0 his brothers This could refer either to Canaan’s brothers or
GEN 9 26 rx6d 0 General Information: If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry.
GEN 9 26 w1a7 0 May Yahweh, the God of Shem, be blessed “Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem,” or “Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise” or “I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem”
GEN 9 27 s54q 0 May Canaan be his servant “And let Canaan be Shem’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Shem’s descendants.
GEN 9 27 hh2y 0 May God extend the territory of Japheth Possible meanings are 1) “May God make Japheth’s territory larger” or 2) “May God cause Japheth to have many descendants.”
GEN 9 27 hh2y 0 May God extend the territory of Japheth Possible meanings are (1) “May God make Japheth’s territory larger” or (2) “May God cause Japheth to have many descendants.”
GEN 9 27 bxj1 0 let him make his home in the tents of Shem “let him leave peacefully with Shem.” This includes Japheth’s and Shem’s descendants.
GEN 9 27 x2sl 0 May Canaan be his servant “Let Canaan be Japheth’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Japheth’s descendants.
GEN 10 intro z42v 0 # Genesis 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Assyria and Nineveh<br>While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Sons were born to”<br>This is an unusual phrase meaning “were sons of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br>
@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ GEN 10 5 pl9t 0 coastland peoples This refers to people who lived along the co
GEN 10 5 xw9u 0 their lands “their homelands.” These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.
GEN 10 5 nhz9 0 every one with its own language “Each people group spoke its own language” or “The people groups divided themselves according to their languages”
GEN 10 6 s5fj 0 Mizraim Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.”
GEN 10 8 f6b4 0 conqueror Possible meanings are 1) “mighty warrior” or 2) “mighty man” or 3) “powerful ruler.”
GEN 10 9 k3vf 0 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “in Yahweh’s sight” or 2) “with Yahweh’s help”
GEN 10 8 f6b4 0 conqueror Possible meanings are (1) “mighty warrior” or (2) “mighty man” or (3) “powerful ruler.”
GEN 10 9 k3vf 0 before Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “in Yahweh’s sight” or (2) “with Yahweh’s help”
GEN 10 9 ig4i writing-proverbs 0 That is why it is said This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. Alternate translation: “This is the reason people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
GEN 10 10 i218 0 The first centers Possible meanings are 1) the first centers he developed or 2) the important cities.
GEN 10 10 i218 0 The first centers Possible meanings are (1) the first centers he developed or (2) the important cities.
GEN 10 11 ufj6 0 he went to Assyria “Nimrod went into Assyria”
GEN 10 13 d3j7 0 Mizraim became The list of Noah’s descendants continues.
GEN 10 13 yc8k 0 Mizraim Mizraim was one of Ham’s sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt.
@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ GEN 11 1 ar7x 0 Now This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of
GEN 11 1 gr4c figs-metonymy 0 the whole earth This represents all the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 11 1 y7c6 figs-parallelism 0 used one language and had the same words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
GEN 11 2 c5a7 0 they journeyed “they moved around”
GEN 11 2 p5qy 0 in the east Possible meanings are 1) “in the east” or 2) “from the east” or 3) “to the east.” The preferred choice is “in the east” because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.
GEN 11 2 p5qy 0 in the east Possible meanings are (1) “in the east” or (2) “from the east” or (3) “to the east.” The preferred choice is “in the east” because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.
GEN 11 2 a3c6 0 settled stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location
GEN 11 3 mad2 0 Come If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here.
GEN 11 3 z6gz 0 bake them thoroughly People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong.
@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ GEN 11 5 v8n7 0 the descendants of Adam “the people”
GEN 11 5 t6pt figs-explicit 0 came down The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: “came down from heaven.” This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning “came down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 11 5 b3yl 0 to see “to observe” or “to look more closely”
GEN 11 6 uzm2 0 one people with the same language All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language.
GEN 11 6 a83e 0 they are beginning to do this Possible meanings are 1) “they have begun to do this,” meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or 2) “this is just the first thing they have done,” meaning that in future they will do greater things.
GEN 11 6 a83e 0 they are beginning to do this Possible meanings are (1) “they have begun to do this,” meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or (2) “this is just the first thing they have done,” meaning that in future they will do greater things.
GEN 11 6 ux98 figs-doublenegatives 0 nothing that they intend to do will be impossible for them This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “anything they intend to do will be possible for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
GEN 11 7 i5gb 0 Come If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).
GEN 11 7 i17m figs-pronouns 0 let us go down The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as “let me go down” or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on “Let us make” in [Genesis 1:26](../01/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ GEN 12 3 xec4 0 whoever dishonors you I will curse “I will curse whoever tre
GEN 12 3 cpj9 figs-activepassive 0 Through you will all the families of the earth be blessed This can be made active. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the families of the earth through you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 12 3 xd5b 0 Through you “Because of you” or “Because I have blessed you”
GEN 12 5 lvz6 0 possessions This includes animals and non-living property.
GEN 12 5 nv12 0 the people that they had acquired Possible meanings are 1) “slaves that they had accumulated” or 2) “the people whom they had gathered to be with them.”
GEN 12 5 nv12 0 the people that they had acquired Possible meanings are (1) “slaves that they had accumulated” or (2) “the people whom they had gathered to be with them.”
GEN 12 6 j4pb figs-explicit 0 Abram passed through the land Only Abram’s name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate translation: “So Abram and his family went through the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 12 6 lgv1 0 the land “the land of Canaan”
GEN 12 6 jvj4 translate-names 0 the oak of Moreh Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -690,14 +690,14 @@ GEN 12 9 vbq7 figs-explicit 0 Then Abram continued journeying You may need to m
GEN 12 9 t22q 0 toward the Negev “toward the Negev region” or “toward the south” or “south to the Negev desert”
GEN 12 10 lv6b figs-explicit 0 There was a famine The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “There was a shortage of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 12 10 c2c3 0 in the land “in the area” or “in the land where Abram was living”
GEN 12 10 me1z 0 went down into Possible meanings are 1) “went further south” or 2) “went away from Canaan into.” It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.
GEN 12 10 me1z 0 went down into Possible meanings are (1) “went further south” or (2) “went away from Canaan into.” It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.
GEN 12 12 hmn5 figs-explicit 0 they will kill me…you alive The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: “they will kill me so that they can marry you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 12 13 sj7i figs-activepassive 0 so that my life will be spared because of you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that, because of you, they will not kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 12 14 stl2 0 It came about that Possible meanings are 1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or 2) “And that was what happened” .
GEN 12 14 stl2 0 It came about that Possible meanings are (1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or (2) “And that was what happened” .
GEN 12 15 cnd8 0 The princes of Pharaoh saw her “Pharaoh’s officials saw Sarai” or “the king’s officials saw her”
GEN 12 15 n3fw figs-activepassive 0 the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s household This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh took her into his household” or “Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 12 15 hw84 0 the woman Sarai
GEN 12 15 y2tk figs-euphemism 0 Pharaoh’s household Possible meanings are 1) “Pharoah’s family,” that is, as a wife, or 2) “Pharaoah’s house” or “Pharaoh’s palace,” a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 12 15 y2tk figs-euphemism 0 Pharaoh’s household Possible meanings are (1) “Pharoah’s family,” that is, as a wife, or (2) “Pharaoah’s house” or “Pharaoh’s palace,” a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 12 16 m9jr 0 for her sake “for Sarai’s sake” or “because of her”
GEN 12 17 kb9r figs-explicit 0 because of Sarai, Abram’s wife This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram’s wife, to be his own wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 12 18 r9kt 0 Pharaoh summoned Abram “Pharaoh called Abram” or “Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him”
@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ GEN 13 8 l8eq 0 after all, we are family “because we are family”
GEN 13 8 vz47 0 family “kinsmen” or “relatives.” Lot was Abraham’s nephew.
GEN 13 9 n7k3 figs-rquestion 0 Is not the whole land before you? This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The whole land is available for you to use.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GEN 13 9 av37 0 Go ahead and separate yourself from me Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. “Let’s separate.”
GEN 13 9 flm1 0 If you go to the left, then I will go to the right Possible meanings are 1) “If you go one way, then I will go the other” or 2) “If you go to the north, I will go to the south.” Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.
GEN 13 9 flm1 0 If you go to the left, then I will go to the right Possible meanings are (1) “If you go one way, then I will go the other” or (2) “If you go to the north, I will go to the south.” Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.
GEN 13 10 v189 0 the whole plain of the Jordan This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
GEN 13 10 ve9r 0 was well watered “had much water”
GEN 13 10 zs4c 0 like the garden of Yahweh, like the land of Egypt “like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt.” These were two different places.
@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ GEN 13 10 z1zy 0 This was before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah This anti
GEN 13 11 c5bb 0 the relatives “the kinsmen” or “the families.” This refers to Lot and Abram with their households.
GEN 13 12 hc2t 0 Abram lived “Abram made his home” or “Abram stayed”
GEN 13 12 cpm2 0 the land of Canaan “the land of the Canaanites”
GEN 13 12 umy1 0 He set up his tents as far away as Sodom Possible meanings are 1) “He set up his tents near Sodom” or 2) “He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom.”
GEN 13 12 umy1 0 He set up his tents as far away as Sodom Possible meanings are (1) “He set up his tents near Sodom” or (2) “He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom.”
GEN 13 14 y61m 0 after Lot had departed from him “after Lot left Abraham”
GEN 13 17 xil7 0 walk through the length and breadth of the land “walk around all over the whole land”
GEN 13 18 zy7q translate-names 0 Mamre This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ GEN 14 10 yn7e writing-background 0 Now This word introduces background informa
GEN 14 10 u9qi 0 was full of tar pits “had many tar pits.” These were holes in the ground that had tar in them.
GEN 14 10 f98l 0 tar a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in [Genesis 11:3](../11/03.md).
GEN 14 10 mp8k figs-synecdoche 0 the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 14 10 kj2n figs-metonymy 0 they fell in there Possible meanings are 1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or 2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](../14/17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 14 10 kj2n figs-metonymy 0 they fell in there Possible meanings are (1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or (2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since [Genesis 14:17](../14/17.md) says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 14 10 ern2 0 Those who were left “Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits”
GEN 14 11 rk4u figs-metonymy 0 the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah The words “Sodom” and “Gomorrah” are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. Alternate translation: “the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” or “the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 14 11 c7vp 0 their provisions “their food and drink”
@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ GEN 15 1 u7m1 0 After these things “These things” refers to when the kings
GEN 15 1 y6sg figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Fear The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, ‘Fear” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: ‘Fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 15 1 f5jx figs-metaphor 0 shield…reward God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 15 1 q9jg figs-metaphor 0 I am your shield Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: “I will protect you like shield” or “I am your shield to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 15 1 a84d 0 I am…your very great reward Possible meanings are 1) “I myself will be all that you need” or 2) “I will give you all you need.”
GEN 15 1 a84d 0 I am…your very great reward Possible meanings are (1) “I myself will be all that you need” or (2) “I will give you all you need.”
GEN 15 1 d6eq figs-metonymy 0 reward the result of a person’s actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 15 3 e54g 0 Abram said, “Since you have given me “Abram continued speaking and said, ‘Since you have given me’”
GEN 15 4 ym81 0 Then, behold The word “behold” emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again.
@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ GEN 16 6 xrl3 0 See here “Listen to me” or “Pay attention”
GEN 16 6 dgm6 0 in your power “under your authority”
GEN 16 6 j5i9 0 Sarai dealt harshly with her “Sarai treated Hagar very badly”
GEN 16 6 t433 0 she fled from her “Hagar fled from Sarai”
GEN 16 7 e27g 0 The angel of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
GEN 16 7 e27g 0 The angel of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
GEN 16 7 w6d6 0 wilderness The wilderness area she went to was a desert. Alternate translation: “desert”
GEN 16 7 y62e 0 Shur This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt.
GEN 16 8 mk7v 0 my mistress Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how “her mistress” is translated in [Genesis 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “my owner”
@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ GEN 17 10 ib6l figs-activepassive 0 Every male among you must be circumcised Th
GEN 17 10 xjr3 0 Every male This refers to human males.
GEN 17 11 j6pm figs-euphemism 0 You must be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as “You must be circumcised.” If your translation of “be circumcised” already includes the word for “foreskin”, you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 17 11 i3l8 0 the sign of the covenant “the sign that shows that the covenant exists”
GEN 17 11 s7vs 0 the sign Possible meanings are 1) “the sign” or 2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word “sign” means a reminder of something that God had promised.
GEN 17 11 s7vs 0 the sign Possible meanings are (1) “the sign” or (2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word “sign” means a reminder of something that God had promised.
GEN 17 12 t92x 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Abraham.
GEN 17 12 xpc8 0 Every male “Every human male”
GEN 17 12 ev7m 0 throughout your people’s generations “in every generation”
@ -925,8 +925,8 @@ GEN 17 12 ed5x figs-activepassive 0 him who is bought with money This refers to
GEN 17 13 fim6 figs-activepassive 0 my covenant will be in your flesh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will mark my covenant in your flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 17 13 ea1n 0 for an everlasting covenant “as a permanent covenant.” Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it.
GEN 17 14 lpi7 figs-activepassive 0 uncircumcised male who is not circumcised This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “male whom you have not circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 17 14 any2 0 Any uncircumcised male…foreskin will be cut off from his people Possible meanings are 1) “I will cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people” or 2) “I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people.”
GEN 17 14 pi4v figs-euphemism 0 cut off from his people Possible meanings are 1) “killed” or 2) “sent away from the community.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 17 14 any2 0 Any uncircumcised male…foreskin will be cut off from his people Possible meanings are (1) “I will cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people” or (2) “I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male…foreskin from his people.”
GEN 17 14 pi4v figs-euphemism 0 cut off from his people Possible meanings are (1) “killed” or (2) “sent away from the community.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 17 14 e2n7 0 He has broken my covenant “He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant.” This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people.
GEN 17 15 w67t 0 As for Sarai The words “As for” introduce the next person God talks about.
GEN 17 16 fpk7 0 I will give you a son by her “I will make her bear a son for you”
@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ GEN 18 2 t35m 0 He looked up and, behold, he saw three men standing “He look
GEN 18 2 m2pv 0 behold, he saw “he was surprised because he saw”
GEN 18 2 xd3c 0 across from him “nearby” or “there.” They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them.
GEN 18 2 ygs8 0 bowed This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
GEN 18 3 cj7j 0 Lord This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are 1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or 2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.
GEN 18 3 cj7j 0 Lord This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are (1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or (2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.
GEN 18 3 s5jg figs-idiom 0 if I have found favor in your sight Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that the Lord is pleased with him, and “your sight” is a metaphor representing the Lord’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 18 3 i86z figs-you 0 in your sight Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GEN 18 3 ie2s 0 do not pass by “please do not keep on going past”
@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ GEN 19 9 c9uq figs-idiom 0 and now The speaker would not expect a foreigner to
GEN 19 9 sa6c figs-idiom 0 he has become our judge Here “has become our judge” is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. Alternate translation: “he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 19 9 x79u 0 Now we “Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we”
GEN 19 9 xi8x figs-idiom 0 we will deal worse with you than with them The men are angry that Lot said, “Do not act so wickedly” ([Genesis 19:7](../19/07.md)), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. Alternate translation: “we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 19 9 gdw3 0 They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door Possible meanings are 1) “They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door” or 2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.
GEN 19 9 gdw3 0 They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door Possible meanings are (1) “They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door” or (2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.
GEN 19 9 q8f7 0 the man…Lot This is two ways of referring to Lot.
GEN 19 10 u4re 0 But the men “But Lot’s two guests” or “But the two angels”
GEN 19 10 ri1g figs-explicit 0 the men reached out their hands and brought…them and shut Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate translation: ‘the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull…them, and then they shut” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1137,13 +1137,13 @@ GEN 19 32 tlh6 figs-explicit 0 drink wine It can be made explicit that their go
GEN 19 32 cr2n figs-euphemism 0 we will lie with him To “lie with” someone is a euphemism for having sexual relations with that person. Alternate translation: “we will have sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 32 j57q figs-metaphor 0 so that we may extend our father’s line This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 19 33 ufz5 figs-euphemism 0 lay with her father This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with her father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 33 r7ai figs-euphemism 0 when she lay down Possible meanings are 1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or 2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 33 r7ai figs-euphemism 0 when she lay down Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 34 pyk6 0 Let us make him drink wine…father’s line See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32](./32.md).
GEN 19 34 mb9p figs-explicit 0 drink wine It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 19 34 qf2v figs-metaphor 0 so that we may extend our father’s line This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 19 35 hm3h 0 So they made…or when she got up See how you translated similar phrases in [Genesis 19:33](./33.md).
GEN 19 35 l4nj figs-euphemism 0 lay with him This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 35 x62y figs-euphemism 0 when she lay down Possible meanings are 1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or 2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in [Genesis 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 35 x62y figs-euphemism 0 when she lay down Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in [Genesis 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 19 36 bq86 0 were pregnant by their father “became pregnant by their father” or “conceived children with their father”
GEN 19 37 ur5a 0 He became “He is”
GEN 19 37 u4u4 0 the Moabites of today “the Moab people who are now living”
@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ GEN 21 12 r6u6 0 Do not be grieved because of the lad, and because of your ser
GEN 21 12 t2a7 0 Listen to her words in all she says to you about this matter “Do everything that Sarah says to you about them”
GEN 21 12 wzl5 figs-activepassive 0 it is through Isaac that your descendants will be named The phrase “will be named” means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 21 13 k7jw figs-metonymy 0 I will also make the son of the servant woman into a nation The word “nation” means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. Alternate translation: “I will make the servant woman’s son also become the father of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 21 14 u9q1 figs-synecdoche 0 took bread Possible meanings are 1) this refers to food in general or 2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 21 14 u9q1 figs-synecdoche 0 took bread Possible meanings are (1) this refers to food in general or (2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 21 14 hbx9 0 a skin of water “a bag of water.” The water container was made out of animal skin.
GEN 21 15 ad5u 0 When the water in the waterskin was gone “When the water bag was empty” or “When they had drank all of the water”
GEN 21 16 z7c3 0 about the distance of a bowshot away This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters.
@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ GEN 21 23 z3n7 figs-doublenegatives 0 will not deal falsely…with my descendan
GEN 21 23 s3ki figs-abstractnouns 0 Show to me…covenant faithfulness that I have shown to you The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GEN 21 23 cj4i figs-metonymy 0 to the land Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 21 24 s11p figs-ellipsis 0 I swear This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
GEN 21 25 v44s 0 Abraham also complained to Abimelech Possible meanings are 1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or 2) “Abraham also rebuked Abimelech”
GEN 21 25 v44s 0 Abraham also complained to Abimelech Possible meanings are (1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or (2) “Abraham also rebuked Abimelech”
GEN 21 25 ph9l 0 concerning a well of water that Abimelech’s servants had seized from him “because Abimelech’s servants had taken one of Abraham’s wells”
GEN 21 25 t12g 0 seized from him “taken from Abraham” or “had taken control of”
GEN 21 26 i3se 0 I have not heard of it until today “This is the first time I have heard about it”
@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ GEN 22 9 yn6m 0 When they came to the place “When Abraham and Isaac arrived
GEN 22 9 x21f 0 he bound “he tied up”
GEN 22 9 g9i8 0 on the altar, on top of the wood “on top of the wood that was on the altar”
GEN 22 10 a5eg 0 reached out with his hand and took up the knife “picked up the knife”
GEN 22 11 d82r 0 the angel of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
GEN 22 11 d82r 0 the angel of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
GEN 22 11 yu4c 0 from heaven This refers to the place where God lives.
GEN 22 11 w9zz 0 Here I am “Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
GEN 22 12 m8d6 figs-idiom 0 Do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything to harm him The phrase “Do no lay your hand upon” is a way of saying “do not harm.” God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt the boy in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ GEN 22 13 i7l2 0 went and took the ram “Abraham went over to the ram and too
GEN 22 14 fk9q 0 will provide…will be provided Use the same word for “provide” as you used in [Genesis 22:8](../22/08.md).
GEN 22 14 cbx8 0 to this day “even now.” This means even to the time that the author was writing this book.
GEN 22 14 qmx7 figs-activepassive 0 it will be provided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 22 15 qcn7 0 The angel of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or 2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or 3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “The angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
GEN 22 15 qcn7 0 The angel of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “The angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in [Genesis 16:7](../16/07.md).
GEN 22 15 aa8z translate-ordinal 0 a second time The word “second” is the ordinal number for two. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
GEN 22 15 e8jz 0 from heaven Here the word “heaven” refers to the place where God lives.
GEN 22 16 t7gg 0 said—this is Yahweh’s declaration “spoke this message from Yahweh” or “declared these words of Yahweh.” This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh.
@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ GEN 23 18 e2hk 0 his city “the city where he lived.” This phrase shows tha
GEN 23 19 ekx3 0 After this “After he bought the field”
GEN 23 19 fv26 0 the cave of the field “the cave in the field”
GEN 23 19 b38v 0 the field of Machpelah “the field in Machpelah”
GEN 23 19 ey3f 0 that is, Hebron Possible meanings are 1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or 2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or 3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.
GEN 23 19 ey3f 0 that is, Hebron Possible meanings are (1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or (2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or (3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.
GEN 23 20 cs4e 0 passed to Abraham as a property for a burial place from the sons of Heth “became Abraham’s property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth”
GEN 23 20 fx6q translate-names 0 the sons of Heth Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in [Genesis 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 24 intro t2cz 0 # Genesis 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:60.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br><br>Abraham would not allow his son to marry anyone from the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause his son to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham’s descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>### Abraham’s wealth<br><br>There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham’s significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Put your hand under my thigh”<br><br>Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one’s hand on a man’s genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ GEN 24 9 k6wb 0 concerning this matter “concerning Abraham’s request” or
GEN 24 10 qz3v 0 departed. He also took The sentence starting with “He also took” gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed.
GEN 24 10 t2ji 0 He also took with him all kinds of gifts from his master This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman’s family.
GEN 24 10 yq2h 0 departed and went “set out and went” or “he left and went”
GEN 24 10 nmn4 translate-names 0 the city of Nahor Possible meanings are 1) the city where Nahor lived” or 2) “the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 24 10 nmn4 translate-names 0 the city of Nahor Possible meanings are (1) the city where Nahor lived” or (2) “the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 24 11 x8ge 0 He made the camels kneel down Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. “He made the camels lie down”
GEN 24 11 c8xs 0 well of water “water well” or “well”
GEN 24 11 n18k 0 draw water “get water”
@ -1541,7 +1541,7 @@ GEN 24 39 xvk8 figs-hypo 0 Perhaps the woman will not follow me. This is someth
GEN 24 40 mp4m figs-metaphor 0 before whom I walk Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 24 40 uj9t 0 he will prosper your way “he will make your journey successful”
GEN 24 40 f64z 0 family line “family”
GEN 24 41 x3ph figs-hypo 0 But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are 1) “There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath” or, 2) building on verse 40, “If you go to my father’s family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
GEN 24 41 x3ph figs-hypo 0 But you will be free from my oath if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are (1) “There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath” or, (2) building on verse 40, “If you go to my father’s family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
GEN 24 41 ijt4 figs-metaphor 0 you will be free from my oath “you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 24 41 wll8 figs-go 0 if you come to my relatives Languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translation: “if you arrive at my relatives’ home” or “if you go to my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
GEN 24 42 t1j2 0 General Information: Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ GEN 24 49 yac9 figs-explicit 0 if you are prepared to show covenant faithfulnes
GEN 24 49 q5fw figs-you 0 you The word “you” refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GEN 24 49 bf6u figs-abstractnouns 0 faithfulness and trustworthiness These abstract nouns can be stated as “faithful and trustworthy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GEN 24 49 r8l1 figs-ellipsis 0 But if not The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
GEN 24 49 yjd9 figs-metaphor 0 so that I may turn to the right hand or to the left Possible meanings are 1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: “so that I will know what do” or 2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: “so that I may continue on my journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 24 49 yjd9 figs-metaphor 0 so that I may turn to the right hand or to the left Possible meanings are (1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: “so that I will know what do” or (2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: “so that I may continue on my journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 24 50 jew5 0 Bethuel This was the father of Laban and Rebekah.
GEN 24 50 x54j 0 The thing has come from Yahweh “Yahweh has caused all of this to happen”
GEN 24 50 e21v figs-idiom 0 we cannot speak to you either bad or good They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. Alternate translation: “we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ GEN 25 18 q1vv 0 They lived “His descendants settled”
GEN 25 18 z9aa 0 from Havilah to Ashhur “between Havilah and Ashhur”
GEN 25 18 pk2r translate-names 0 Havilah Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in [Genesis 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 25 18 ev35 0 as one goes toward “in the direction of”
GEN 25 18 p8m3 0 They lived in hostility with each other Possible meanings are 1) “they did not live in peace together,” or 2) “they lived away from their other relatives.”
GEN 25 18 p8m3 0 They lived in hostility with each other Possible meanings are (1) “they did not live in peace together,” or (2) “they lived away from their other relatives.”
GEN 25 19 t67i figs-explicit 0 These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham’s son This sentence introduces the account of Isaac’s descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. Alternate translation: “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 25 20 gih8 translate-numbers 0 forty years old “40 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
GEN 25 20 g4lq 0 when he took as his wife Rebekah “when he married Rebekah”
@ -1657,9 +1657,9 @@ GEN 25 23 y9m7 0 said to her “said to Rebekah”
GEN 25 23 m836 writing-poetry 0 Two nations…serve the younger This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
GEN 25 23 s1wf figs-metonymy 0 Two nations are in your womb Here “two nations” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. Alternate translation: “Two nations will come from the twins within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 25 23 lxl5 figs-metonymy 0 two peoples will be separated from within you Here “two peoples” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 25 23 pgz5 0 the older will serve the younger Possible meanings are 1) “the older son will serve the younger son” or 2) “the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son.” If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.
GEN 25 23 pgz5 0 the older will serve the younger Possible meanings are (1) “the older son will serve the younger son” or (2) “the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son.” If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.
GEN 25 24 urq6 0 behold, there “she was surprised to learn that there”
GEN 25 25 wyy1 figs-simile 0 red all over like a hairy garment Possible meanings are 1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or 2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: “red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
GEN 25 25 wyy1 figs-simile 0 red all over like a hairy garment Possible meanings are (1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or (2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: “red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
GEN 25 25 p7lj 0 Esau Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Esau sounds like the word ‘hairy.’”
GEN 25 26 u57z 0 grasping Esau’s heel “holding the back part of Esau’s foot”
GEN 25 26 gls8 0 Jacob Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’”
@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ GEN 26 6 wr4q figs-explicit 0 So Isaac settled in Gerar Only Isaac is mentioned
GEN 26 7 rr88 0 He feared to say Here “fear” refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. “He was afraid to say”
GEN 26 7 j128 0 to get Rebekah “in order to take Rebekah”
GEN 26 8 z63l 0 He saw, behold, Isaac The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. Alternate translation: “And he was surprised to see that Isaac”
GEN 26 8 i16v 0 was caressing Rebekah Possible meanings are 1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or 2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.
GEN 26 8 i16v 0 was caressing Rebekah Possible meanings are (1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or (2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.
GEN 26 9 hv6m figs-metonymy 0 Abimelech called Isaac to him Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. Alternate translation: “Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 26 9 aeb1 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’? This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
GEN 26 9 m9n4 0 to get her “so he could take her”
@ -1722,13 +1722,13 @@ GEN 26 14 h37m figs-metonymy 0 a large household Here “household” stands fo
GEN 26 14 f17g 0 The Philistines envied him “The Philistines were jealous of him”
GEN 26 15 rue9 grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Now Here this word does not mean “at this moment.” It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word “So” to show that this is a result of what happened in [Genesis 26:12-14](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
GEN 26 15 xy1c 0 in the days of Abraham his father The phrase “in the days of” stands for a person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “when Abraham, his father, was living” or “during his father Abraham’s lifetime”
GEN 26 16 f5ia grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Abimelech said Possible meanings are 1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: “Then Abimelech said” or “Finally Abimelech said” or 2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: “Therefore Abimelech said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
GEN 26 16 f5ia grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Abimelech said Possible meanings are (1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: “Then Abimelech said” or “Finally Abimelech said” or (2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: “Therefore Abimelech said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
GEN 26 16 e8vy 0 much mightier than we “much stronger than we are”
GEN 26 17 tz3u figs-explicit 0 So Isaac departed Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his household left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 26 18 r15b figs-synecdoche 0 Isaac dug out Here “Isaac” stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate translation: “Isaac and his servants dug out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 26 18 hly9 0 which they had dug “which Abraham’s servants had dug”
GEN 26 18 c6vy 0 in the days of Abraham his father “during his father Abraham’s lifetime” or “when Abraham, his father, was living”
GEN 26 18 sn3p figs-events 0 The Philistines had stopped them up This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: 1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UST. or 2) This sentence can start with “Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
GEN 26 18 sn3p figs-events 0 The Philistines had stopped them up This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: (1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UST. or (2) This sentence can start with “Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
GEN 26 18 jfl7 0 had stopped them up “had filled them with earth”
GEN 26 19 b9ic figs-idiom 0 flowing water This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. Alternate translation: “fresh water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 26 20 m6un 0 herdsmen men who tended livestock
@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@ GEN 26 25 g525 figs-explicit 0 Isaac built an altar there You can make explicit
GEN 26 25 pam6 figs-metonymy 0 called on the name of Yahweh To “call on” means to pray or to worship. Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 26 26 k6ep 0 went to him “went to Isaac”
GEN 26 26 ls17 translate-names 0 Ahuzzath This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 26 26 lca7 0 his friend Possible meanings are 1) “Abimelech’s friend” or 2) “Abimelech’s advisor.”
GEN 26 26 lca7 0 his friend Possible meanings are (1) “Abimelech’s friend” or (2) “Abimelech’s advisor.”
GEN 26 26 mcz9 translate-names 0 Phicol This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in [Genesis 21:22](../21/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 26 28 pw9y 0 they said This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. Alternate translation: “one of them said”
GEN 26 28 pt6d 0 We have clearly seen “We know” or “We are certain”
@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ GEN 28 12 mwk8 0 He dreamed “Jacob had a dream”
GEN 28 12 z48g 0 set up on the earth “with the bottom of it touching the ground”
GEN 28 12 pn7d 0 reached to heaven This refers to the place where God lives.
GEN 28 13 ax75 0 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
GEN 28 13 wwx2 0 Yahweh stood above it Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway” or 2) “Yahweh was standing next to Jacob”
GEN 28 13 wwx2 0 Yahweh stood above it Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway” or (2) “Yahweh was standing next to Jacob”
GEN 28 13 a91d 0 Abraham your father Here “father” means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham your ancestor” or “Abraham your forefather”
GEN 28 14 j413 0 General Information: God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream.
GEN 28 14 wu5i figs-simile 0 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth God compares Jacob’s descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: “You will have more descendants than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1977,7 +1977,7 @@ GEN 29 13 ze3q 0 Jacob told Laban all these things “then Jacob told Laban ev
GEN 29 14 klc2 figs-metonymy 0 my bone and my flesh This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: “my relative” or “a member of my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 29 15 i5a9 figs-rquestion 0 Should you serve me for nothing…my relative? Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
GEN 29 16 yvd6 writing-background 0 Now Laban had The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
GEN 29 17 daa9 0 Leah’s eyes were tender Possible meanings are 1) “Leah’s eyes were pretty” or 2) “Leah’s eyes were plain”
GEN 29 17 daa9 0 Leah’s eyes were tender Possible meanings are (1) “Leah’s eyes were pretty” or (2) “Leah’s eyes were plain”
GEN 29 18 jsx9 0 Jacob loved Rachel Here the word “loved” refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman.
GEN 29 19 d6zk 0 than that I should give her to another man “rather than give her to another man”
GEN 29 20 p6uz 0 and they seemed to him only a few days “but the time seemed to him to be only a few days”
@ -2123,7 +2123,7 @@ GEN 31 5 m3hk 0 I see your father’s attitude toward me has changed “I have
GEN 31 6 j527 figs-you 0 You know that it is with all my strength that I have served your father The word “you” here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: “You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GEN 31 7 z2br 0 has deceived me “has lied to me” or “has not treated me fairly”
GEN 31 7 gi9n 0 my wages “what he said he would pay me”
GEN 31 7 j7hr 0 to hurt me Possible meanings are 1) physical harm or 2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.
GEN 31 7 j7hr 0 to hurt me Possible meanings are (1) physical harm or (2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.
GEN 31 8 czw6 0 The speckled animals “The animals with spots”
GEN 31 8 cah9 0 the flock bore “the flock gave birth to”
GEN 31 8 yfc5 0 The striped “The animals with stripes”
@ -2132,7 +2132,7 @@ GEN 31 10 ff24 0 General Information: Jacob continues his story to his wives L
GEN 31 10 b7lk 0 Once at the time of breeding season “During the breeding season”
GEN 31 10 g7hi figs-synecdoche 0 mating with the flock Here “flock” represents only the female goats. Alternate translation: “mating with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 31 10 bp2h 0 were striped, speckled, and spotted “had stripes, little spots, and big spots”
GEN 31 11 sp9t 0 angel of God Possible meanings are 1) God himself appeared as a man or 2) one of God’s messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God,” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
GEN 31 11 sp9t 0 angel of God Possible meanings are (1) God himself appeared as a man or (2) one of God’s messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God,” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
GEN 31 11 t3sj 0 I said “And I answered”
GEN 31 11 z5w7 0 Here I am “Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:1](../22/01.md).
GEN 31 12 qi7z 0 General Information: The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob ([Genesis 31:10](../31/10.md)).
@ -2274,7 +2274,7 @@ GEN 32 18 i8qf 0 your servant Jacob’s Jacob is referring to himself in a pol
GEN 32 18 nk58 0 to my master Esau Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master.
GEN 32 18 a5zw figs-exclusive 0 coming after us Here “us” refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
GEN 32 19 mb2s 0 gave instructions to the second group “commanded the second group”
GEN 32 20 l71w 0 You must also say, ‘Your servant Jacob Possible meanings are 1) “You will say also, ‘Your servant Jacob’” or 2) “You will say, ‘Also, Your servant Jacob.’”
GEN 32 20 l71w 0 You must also say, ‘Your servant Jacob Possible meanings are (1) “You will say also, ‘Your servant Jacob’” or (2) “You will say, ‘Also, Your servant Jacob.’”
GEN 32 20 kth9 0 I will appease him “I will calm him down” or “I will make his anger go away”
GEN 32 20 fz2r 0 he will receive me “he will welcome me kindly”
GEN 32 21 mgp1 figs-metonymy 0 So the gifts went on ahead of him Here “gifts” stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2321,7 +2321,7 @@ GEN 33 9 fvu3 figs-ellipsis 0 I have enough The word “animals” or “proper
GEN 33 10 c8jk figs-idiom 0 if I have found favor in your eyes The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 33 10 g919 figs-synecdoche 0 my gift from my hand Here “hand” refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: “this gift that I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 33 10 cv9s 0 my hand, for indeed This can be translated as a new sentence: “my hand. For certainly”
GEN 33 10 qp99 figs-simile 0 I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or 2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or 3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau’s presence like he was humbled to be in God’s presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
GEN 33 10 qp99 figs-simile 0 I have seen your face, and it is like seeing the face of God The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or (2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or (3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau’s presence like he was humbled to be in God’s presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
GEN 33 10 ni5g figs-synecdoche 0 I have seen your face Here “face” stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as “face” because of the importance of the word “face” here with “face of God” and “face to face” in [Genesis 32:30](../32/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 33 11 i3ez figs-activepassive 0 that was brought to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my servants brought to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 33 11 c581 0 God has dealt graciously with me “God has treated me very well” or “God has blessed me very much”
@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ GEN 34 1 g89z 0 Now Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story.
GEN 34 1 q1ki translate-names 0 Dinah This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 30:21](../30/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 34 2 y29n translate-names 0 the Hivite This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word “Hivites” in [Genesis 10:17](../10/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 34 2 x58u 0 the prince of the land This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, “prince” here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area.
GEN 34 2 hx1e figs-hendiadys 0 He took her and lay with her Possible meanings are 1) “took” and “lay with” are two separate actions. Alternate translation: “he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her” or 2) “took” and “lay with” are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: “raped her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
GEN 34 2 hx1e figs-hendiadys 0 He took her and lay with her Possible meanings are (1) “took” and “lay with” are two separate actions. Alternate translation: “he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her” or (2) “took” and “lay with” are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: “raped her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
GEN 34 2 mrp5 figs-euphemism 0 lay with her This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
GEN 34 3 d96a figs-metaphor 0 He was drawn to Dinah “He was very attracted to her.” This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He wanted very much to be with Dinah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 34 3 bz11 0 spoke tenderly to her He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also.
@ -2420,7 +2420,7 @@ GEN 35 2 p78p translate-symaction 0 change your clothes Putting on a new clothe
GEN 35 3 uv67 0 in the day of my distress “in the time of my distress” or “when I was in trouble”
GEN 35 4 k9aj 0 So they gave “so everyone in Jacob’s household gave” or “so all of his family and servants gave”
GEN 35 4 v6i9 figs-metonymy 0 that were in their hand Here “in their hand” stands for what they own. Alternate translation: “that were in their possession” or “that they had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 35 4 q9se 0 the rings that were in their ears “their earrings.” Possible meanings are 1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or 2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.
GEN 35 4 q9se 0 the rings that were in their ears “their earrings.” Possible meanings are (1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or (2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.
GEN 35 5 kv2s figs-metaphor 0 God made panic to fall on the cities God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun “panic” can be stated as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GEN 35 5 nn7z figs-metonymy 0 on the cities Here “cities” stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 35 5 gee5 figs-explicit 0 the sons of Jacob It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob’s family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob’s daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). Alternate translation: “Jacob’s family” or “Jacob’s household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ GEN 39 2 fn2m figs-metaphor 0 He lived in the house Here the author speaks of w
GEN 39 2 j4w7 0 his Egyptian master Joseph was now Potiphar’s slave.
GEN 39 3 xvx7 figs-idiom 0 His master saw that Yahweh was with him This means that the master saw how Yahweh was helping Joseph. Alternate translation: “His master saw that Yahweh was helping him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 39 3 jq22 0 that Yahweh prospered everything that he did “Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper”
GEN 39 4 hd1r figs-idiom 0 Joseph found favor in his sight “To find favor” means to be approved by someone. The idiom “in his sight” refers to a person’s opinion. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “Potiphar was pleased with Joseph” or 2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh was pleased with Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 39 4 hd1r figs-idiom 0 Joseph found favor in his sight “To find favor” means to be approved by someone. The idiom “in his sight” refers to a person’s opinion. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Potiphar was pleased with Joseph” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh was pleased with Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 39 4 wv9x 0 He served Potiphar This means that he was Potiphar’s personal servant.
GEN 39 4 ld27 0 Potiphar made Joseph manager over his house, and everything that he possessed “Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar”
GEN 39 4 t3u1 figs-metaphor 0 put under his care When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “he had Joseph care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2836,7 +2836,7 @@ GEN 40 16 z4gg 0 behold, three baskets of bread were on my head “there were
GEN 40 17 ya56 0 baked goods for Pharaoh “baked foods for Pharaoh”
GEN 40 18 xb3a 0 This is the interpretation “Here is what the dream means”
GEN 40 18 g2ud 0 The three baskets are three days “The three baskets represent three days”
GEN 40 19 r5pe 0 will lift up your head from you Joseph also used the phrase “will lift up your head” when he spoke to the cupbearer in [Genesis 40:13](../40/13.md). Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are 1) “will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck” or 2) “will lift up your head to cut it off.”
GEN 40 19 r5pe 0 will lift up your head from you Joseph also used the phrase “will lift up your head” when he spoke to the cupbearer in [Genesis 40:13](../40/13.md). Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are (1) “will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck” or (2) “will lift up your head to cut it off.”
GEN 40 19 wcp5 0 flesh Here “flesh” literally means the soft tissue on a person’s body.
GEN 40 20 va7b writing-newevent 0 It came about on the third day that “Afterward, on the third day.” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
GEN 40 20 dfq1 0 He made a feast “He had a feast”
@ -3160,7 +3160,7 @@ GEN 43 28 uc51 0 Your servant our father They refer to their father as “Your
GEN 43 28 lk7k translate-symaction 0 They prostrated themselves and bowed down These words basically mean the same thing. They laid down in front of the man to show him respect. Alternate translation: “They bowed down in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
GEN 43 29 ca4h figs-idiom 0 he lifted up his eyes This means “he looked up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 43 29 vr6v 0 his mother’s son, and he said This can be translated with a new sentence. Alternate translation: “his mother’s son. Joseph said”
GEN 43 29 j5nt figs-rquestion 0 Is this your youngest brother…me? Possible meanings are 1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or 2) it is a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “So this is your youngest brother…me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GEN 43 29 j5nt figs-rquestion 0 Is this your youngest brother…me? Possible meanings are (1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or (2) it is a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “So this is your youngest brother…me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GEN 43 29 en2a 0 my son This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. Alternate translation: “young man”
GEN 43 30 w15d 0 hurried to go out of the room “hurried out of the room”
GEN 43 30 ttv5 figs-idiom 0 for he was deeply moved about his brother The phrase “deeply moved” refers to having a strong feeling or emotion when something important happens. Alternate translation: “for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother” or “for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3323,7 +3323,7 @@ GEN 45 21 xs2g 0 gave them provisions for the journey “gave them what they n
GEN 45 22 g75s figs-explicit 0 he gave each man changes of clothing Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 45 22 p9qe translate-numbers 0 three hundred pieces “300 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
GEN 45 23 rt4v figs-explicit 0 ten donkeys…and ten female donkeys The donkeys were included as part of the gift. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 45 24 idu3 0 do not quarrel Possible meanings include 1) “do not argue” and 2) “do not become afraid”
GEN 45 24 idu3 0 do not quarrel Possible meanings include (1) “do not argue” and (2) “do not become afraid”
GEN 45 25 wlf6 0 went up out of Egypt It was common to use the word “up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
GEN 45 26 z3lq figs-metonymy 0 he is ruler over all the land of Egypt Here “land of Egypt” stands for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “he rules all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 45 26 ry8a figs-synecdoche 0 His heart was astonished Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “and he was astonished” or “he was very surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -3470,7 +3470,7 @@ GEN 48 4 u2iy figs-metonymy 0 I will make of you an assembly of nations Here
GEN 48 4 nwj2 0 an everlasting possession “a permanent possession”
GEN 48 5 xs2x 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
GEN 48 5 y3v7 0 Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine Ephraim and Manasseh each will receive a portion of land just like Joseph’s brothers.
GEN 48 6 a5iu 0 they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance Possible meanings are 1)the rest of Joseph’s children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or 2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph’s other children will inherit that land. Alternate translation: “as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers”
GEN 48 6 a5iu 0 they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance Possible meanings are (1) the rest of Joseph’s children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or (2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph’s other children will inherit that land. Alternate translation: “as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers”
GEN 48 7 kg2u 0 Ephrath This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. See how you translated the name of this city in [Genesis 35:16](../35/16.md).
GEN 48 8 drw1 0 Whose are these? “Whose sons are these?”
GEN 48 9 dr78 0 bless A father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children or grandchildren.
@ -3484,7 +3484,7 @@ GEN 48 14 fm1u translate-symaction 0 his right hand and laid it upon Ephraim’
GEN 48 15 g5ng figs-synecdoche 0 Israel blessed Joseph Here “Joseph” also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GEN 48 15 nw5z figs-metaphor 0 The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked Serving God is spoken of as if it were walking before God. Alternate translation: “The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 48 15 r9ve figs-explicit 0 who has cared for me God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate translation: “who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 48 16 hs6i 0 the angel Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or 2) this refers to God who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob.
GEN 48 16 hs6i 0 the angel Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or (2) this refers to God who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob.
GEN 48 16 i8qg 0 protected me “delivered me”
GEN 48 16 dd6n figs-metonymy 0 May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac Here “name” stands for the person. The phrase “my name be named in them” is an idiom that means a person is remembered because of another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GEN 48 16 tm7y figs-metonymy 0 May they grow into a multitude on the earth Here “they” refers to Ephraim and Manasseh, but it stands for their descendants. Alternate translation: “May they have many descendants who will live all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3499,7 +3499,7 @@ GEN 48 21 vk8j figs-you 0 will be with you…bring you back…your fathers Here
GEN 48 21 p9kl figs-idiom 0 will be with you This is an idiom that means God will help and bless the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 48 21 ild4 figs-go 0 will bring you back Here “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
GEN 48 21 w4x7 0 land of your fathers “land of your ancestors”
GEN 48 22 m9zy figs-metaphor 0 To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope Possible meanings are 1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. Alternate translation: “To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope” or 2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph’s brothers. Alternate translation: “To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 48 22 m9zy figs-metaphor 0 To you, as one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope Possible meanings are (1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. Alternate translation: “To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope” or (2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph’s brothers. Alternate translation: “To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 48 22 e2r2 figs-you 0 To you Here “you” is singular and refers to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GEN 48 22 q143 figs-metonymy 0 the mountain slope that I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow Here “sword” and “bow” stands for fighting in battle. Alternate translation: “the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 49 intro lp3i 0 # Genesis 49 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 49:1-27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecies<br>These statements made by Jacob to his sons are probably prophecies. These prophecies are concerned with the descendants of each of Jacob’s sons who would become the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The scepter will not depart from Judah”<br>This prophecy indicates Judah will be the ruling tribe of Israel. The future kings of Israel all come from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### “I buried Leah”<br>Since Moses wrote the book of Genesis, this is an editorial comment he makes in the text as the narrator.<br>
@ -3531,27 +3531,27 @@ GEN 49 9 hzl6 0 My son, you have gone up from your victims “You, my son, hav
GEN 49 9 tf4l figs-simile 0 like a lioness Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
GEN 49 9 xsu7 figs-rquestion 0 Who would dare to awaken him? Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. Alternate translation: “No one wants to wake him up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GEN 49 10 eev8 figs-metonymy 0 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet The “scepter” and the “staff” are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they are metonymies that stand for the power to rule. And, “Judah” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
GEN 49 10 p8q1 0 until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him Possible meanings are 1) “Shiloh” means “tribute.” Alternate translation: “until the nations obey him and bring him tribute” or 2) “Shiloh” refers to the city of Shiloh. Alternate translation: “until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him” Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah, who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah.
GEN 49 10 p8q1 0 until Shiloh comes. The nations will obey him Possible meanings are (1) “Shiloh” means “tribute.” Alternate translation: “until the nations obey him and bring him tribute” or (2) “Shiloh” refers to the city of Shiloh. Alternate translation: “until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him” Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah, who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah.
GEN 49 10 i8y2 figs-metonymy 0 The nations will obey him Here “nations” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 49 11 bgs1 figs-parallelism 0 Binding his donkey…to the choice vine Both statements mean the same thing. It is implied that the vines are so full of grapes that the master does not mind that his donkey eats some of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 49 11 h3ji 0 his…he Possible meanings for all occurrences of “his” or “he” are 1) they refer to Judah’s descendants. Alternate translation: “their…they” or 2) they refer to the ruler in [Genesis 49:10](../49/10.md), which may refer to the Messiah.
GEN 49 11 h3ji 0 his…he Possible meanings for all occurrences of “his” or “he” are (1) they refer to Judah’s descendants. Alternate translation: “their…they” or (2) they refer to the ruler in [Genesis 49:10](../49/10.md), which may refer to the Messiah.
GEN 49 11 m97e figs-parallelism 0 he has washed…in the blood of grapes Both statements mean the same thing. It implies that there are so many grapes that they can wash their clothes in the juice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 49 11 g59h figs-pastforfuture 0 he has washed Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “they will wash” or “he will wash” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
GEN 49 11 c5rw figs-metaphor 0 the blood of grapes This speaks about the grape juice as if it were blood. This emphasizes how red the juice is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 49 12 y4wg figs-simile 0 His eyes will be as dark as wine This refers to the color of a person’s eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are 1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or 2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 49 12 y4wg figs-simile 0 His eyes will be as dark as wine This refers to the color of a person’s eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are (1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or (2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 49 12 va4p figs-simile 0 his teeth as white as milk This compare the color of the person’s teeth to the white color of milk. This implies that there will be so many healthy cows they will have much milk to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 49 13 d53q figs-metonymy 0 Zebulun will live This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Zebulun will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 49 13 jb4b figs-metonymy 0 He will be a harbor Here “He” stands for sea towns that the people of Zebulun will inhabit or build. These cities will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 49 13 rl71 0 harbor a part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships
GEN 49 14 v1n4 figs-metaphor 0 Issachar is a strong donkey Jacob speaks about Issachar and his descendants as if they are a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 49 14 yd1r 0 Issachar is Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that is already happening. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. It can be stated in the future tense. Alternate translation: “Issachar will be” or “The descendants of Issachar will be”
GEN 49 14 n39a figs-metaphor 0 lying down between the sheepfolds Possible meanings are 1) “lying down between the packs they were carrying” or 2) “lying down between two sheep pens.” Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar’s descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 49 14 n39a figs-metaphor 0 lying down between the sheepfolds Possible meanings are (1) “lying down between the packs they were carrying” or (2) “lying down between two sheep pens.” Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar’s descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 49 15 u9r3 figs-metonymy 0 He sees…He will These words refer to the descendants of Issachar (verse 14). Alternate translation: “They see…They will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 49 15 fp1p 0 a good resting place and the pleasant land “a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant”
GEN 49 15 r8tu figs-idiom 0 He will bend his shoulder to the burden The phrase “bend his shoulder to the burden” is a way of saying “work very hard to carry the load” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
GEN 49 15 vc3z 0 become a servant for the task “will work for others as slaves”
GEN 49 16 p8vr figs-metonymy 0 Dan will judge his people Here “Dan” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Dan will judge their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 49 16 qup4 0 his people Possible meanings for “his people” are 1) “the people of Dan” or 2) “the people of Israel”
GEN 49 16 qup4 0 his people Possible meanings for “his people” are (1) “the people of Dan” or (2) “the people of Israel”
GEN 49 17 wp5h figs-metaphor 0 Dan will be a snake beside the road Jacob speaks about Dan and his descendants as if they were snakes. Though a snake is small, it can bring down a rider off his horse. So Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Dan will be like a snake beside the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GEN 49 18 b7p5 0 I wait for your salvation, Yahweh The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated as “save.” Alternate translation: “I wait for you, Yahweh, to save me”
GEN 49 18 z88u 0 I wait The word “I” refers to Jacob.
@ -3624,10 +3624,10 @@ GEN 50 8 c423 figs-events 0 with all Joseph’s household and his brothers, and
GEN 50 9 skq7 figs-metonymy 0 Chariots Here this stands for the men riding in the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GEN 50 9 fl9t 0 It was a very large group of people “It was a very large gathering”
GEN 50 10 g71k 0 When they came The word “they” refers to the participants in the burial procession.
GEN 50 10 b54f translate-names 0 floor of Atad Possible meanings are 1) the word “Atad” means “thorn” and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or 2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 50 10 b54f translate-names 0 floor of Atad Possible meanings are (1) the word “Atad” means “thorn” and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or (2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 50 10 d971 0 they mourned with very great and grievous sorrow “they were extremely sad and they mourned very much”
GEN 50 10 p63w translate-numbers 0 a seven-day “a 7-day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
GEN 50 11 er7s translate-names 0 in the floor of Atad Possible meanings are 1) “on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad” or “in the threshing floor at a place called Atad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 50 11 er7s translate-names 0 in the floor of Atad Possible meanings are (1) “on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad” or (2) “in the threshing floor at a place called Atad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 50 11 c318 0 This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians “The mourning of the Egyptians is very great”
GEN 50 11 rj7q translate-names 0 Abel Mizraim The translator can add a footnote that says: “The name Abel Mizraim means “the mourning of Egypt.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
GEN 50 12 fj26 0 So his sons “So Jacob’s sons”

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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ EXO 3 2 x5ci 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people i
EXO 3 2 d3tf 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected.
EXO 3 5 prv9 0 set apart “made holy”
EXO 3 6 sxk8 0 the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”
EXO 3 6 l5sy 0 your father Possible meanings are 1) “your ancestor” or 2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father.
EXO 3 6 l5sy 0 your father Possible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father.
EXO 3 7 xx7r 0 taskmasters Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
EXO 3 8 pxy8 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 8 dtz9 0 flowing with “full of” or “with an abundance of”
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ EXO 3 8 l1as figs-metonymy 0 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this r
EXO 3 9 uup9 figs-personification 0 the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me Here the word “shouts” are spoken of as if they were persons who are capable of moving on their own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EXO 3 11 y8cr figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt? Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is a nobody and no one will listen to him. Alternate translation: “I am not important enough to go to Pharaoh…Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EXO 3 14 cli8 0 God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.” This is God’s response to Moses’ question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is, “I AM THAT I AM.”’”
EXO 3 14 b6vk 0 I AM THAT I AM Possible meanings are 1) this whole sentence is God’s name or 2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
EXO 3 14 b6vk 0 I AM THAT I AM Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
EXO 3 14 s62u 0 I AM Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”
EXO 3 16 ec3v 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 3 16 xqy9 0 the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of Moses’s ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ EXO 3 17 rtr5 figs-metonymy 0 milk Since milk comes from cows and goats, this r
EXO 3 17 msf8 figs-metonymy 0 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 18 j24k 0 They will listen to you The word “you” refers to Moses. Alternate translation: “The elders will listen to you”
EXO 3 19 idp7 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 3 19 qf46 figs-metonymy 0 unless his hand is forced This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are 1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, 2) “only if I force him to let you go” or 3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 3 19 qf46 figs-metonymy 0 unless his hand is forced This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 3 20 yds5 figs-metonymy 0 I will reach out with my hand and attack Here “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will powerfully attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 3 21 kt7b figs-doublenegatives 0 will not go empty-handed The word here “empty-handed” is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EXO 3 22 w2av 0 any women staying in her neighbors’ houses “any Egyptian woman staying in the houses of her Egyptian neighbors”
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ EXO 4 27 wy4n 0 at the mountain of God This may have been the mountain at Sina
EXO 4 28 b429 0 he had sent him to say The word “he” refers to Yahweh, and “him” refers to Moses.
EXO 4 30 bm2x 0 in the sight of the people “before the people” or “in the presence of the people”
EXO 4 31 q1er 0 had observed the Israelites “saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”
EXO 4 31 g83a translate-symaction 0 they bowed their heads Possible meanings are 1) “they bowed their heads in awe” or 2) “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EXO 4 31 g83a translate-symaction 0 they bowed their heads Possible meanings are (1) “they bowed their heads in awe” or (2) “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EXO 5 intro kea2 0 # Exodus 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A slave’s work<br>The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let my people go”<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Titles<br>The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.<br>
EXO 5 1 q9kn 0 After these things happened It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah.
EXO 5 1 u2vt 0 festival for me This is a celebration to worship Yahweh.
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ EXO 12 11 r789 figs-explicit 0 It is Yahweh’s Passover Here the word “it”
EXO 12 12 sa5n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will punish all the gods of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EXO 12 13 bxm9 figs-explicit 0 for my coming to you This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate translation: “that I will see when I come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 12 13 zt5d figs-idiom 0 I will pass over you The words “pass over” were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. Alternate translation: “I will not enter your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 12 15 i9n3 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 15 i9n3 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 16 bzj6 figs-activepassive 0 an assembly that is set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an assembly that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 16 l7pj figs-activepassive 0 No work will be done on these days This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 16 qr65 figs-activepassive 0 That must be the only work that may be done by you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ EXO 12 18 x8m9 0 twilight This refers to the time of evening after the sun has
EXO 12 18 m475 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day in the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 12 18 uss3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the twenty-first day of the month “the twenty-first day of the first month.” This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EXO 12 19 aej1 figs-activepassive 0 no yeast must be found in your houses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there must not be any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 19 vy72 figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from the community of Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 19 vy72 figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from the community of Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 20 t17e figs-activepassive 0 bread made without yeast This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 12 21 y9qt 0 summoned officially called
EXO 12 22 qwv1 0 hyssop a woody plant with small leaves that can be used for sprinkling liquids
@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ EXO 15 1 kw29 figs-explicit 0 he has triumphed gloriously It can be stated expl
EXO 15 1 f6ue figs-metaphor 0 the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider” or “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 1 cr5u figs-genericnoun 0 the horse and its rider This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
EXO 15 1 ex3p 0 rider This is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling.
EXO 15 2 pb23 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh is my strength Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or 2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 2 pb23 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh is my strength Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 2 vk6l figs-metonymy 0 song Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 2 kbv7 figs-metonymy 0 he has become my salvation Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 3 p1d5 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is a warrior Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ EXO 15 16 m1kt 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to sing about how the p
EXO 15 16 nk67 figs-doublet 0 Terror and dread will fall on them These two words mean that fear will come upon them. Alternate translation: “Fear will come upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EXO 15 16 fc8v 0 dread Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen.
EXO 15 16 t2yp figs-metonymy 0 Because of your arm’s power God’s arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 15 16 umm7 figs-simile 0 they will become as still as a stone Possible meanings are 1) “They will be silent like stone” or 2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 15 16 umm7 figs-simile 0 they will become as still as a stone Possible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EXO 15 17 n5i5 figs-explicit 0 You will bring them Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than “bring.” Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EXO 15 17 t6wg figs-metaphor 0 plant them on the mountain Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain” or “let them live on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 15 17 p7kb 0 the mountain of your inheritance This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan.
@ -556,9 +556,9 @@ EXO 17 16 bw78 figs-metonymy 0 a hand was lifted up People would raise their ha
EXO 17 16 s86d figs-activepassive 0 a hand was lifted up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh lifted up his hand” or “Yahweh made a solemn promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 18 intro t8g2 0 # Exodus 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Leadership lessons<br>Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br>
EXO 18 1 nl86 0 Moses’ father-in-law This refers to the father of the wife of Moses.
EXO 18 2 zw6h 0 took Zipporah, Moses’ wife Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah.
EXO 18 2 zw6h 0 took Zipporah, Moses’ wife Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah.
EXO 18 2 chy6 figs-explicit 0 after he had sent her home This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 3 khs1 0 and her two sons This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.
EXO 18 3 khs1 0 and her two sons This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.
EXO 18 3 k4mb translate-names 0 Gershom This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 18 4 xi35 translate-names 0 Eliezer This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EXO 18 4 z2km figs-metonymy 0 Pharaoh’s sword This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh’s army. Alternate translation: “being killed by Pharaoh” or “being killed by Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -580,14 +580,14 @@ EXO 18 20 w3vf figs-metaphor 0 You must show them the way to walk Jethro speaks
EXO 18 21 p2rq 0 Connecting Statement: Jethro continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 18 21 p5ap 0 Furthermore, you must choose “In addition, you must choose” or “You must also choose”
EXO 18 21 n936 figs-metaphor 0 You must put them over people Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 21 d2hv translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 18 21 d2hv translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 18 22 p4sr 0 routine cases “the simple cases”
EXO 18 22 y5n2 figs-metaphor 0 the difficult cases they will bring to you Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 22 u42p figs-metaphor 0 they will carry the burden with you Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. Alternate translation: “they will do the hard work with you” or “they will help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 23 wyq4 figs-explicit 0 endure What they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “endure the stress of the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 25 n2ws figs-metaphor 0 heads over the people Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 25 tb18 figs-explicit 0 capable men What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EXO 18 25 iqn8 translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 18 25 iqn8 translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 18 26 abx4 0 judged the people in normal circumstances “judged the people most of the time” or “judged the people’s easy cases”
EXO 18 26 z7j4 figs-metaphor 0 The difficult cases they brought to Moses The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they told Moses about” or “when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 18 26 ve8h 0 the small cases “the easy cases”
@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ EXO 19 18 m1b5 0 Yahweh descended “Yahweh came down”
EXO 19 18 a8p7 0 like the smoke of a furnace This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire”
EXO 19 18 np1s translate-unknown 0 furnace an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 19 19 m8ae 0 grew louder and louder “continued to become louder and louder”
EXO 19 19 f5e6 figs-metonymy 0 in a voice The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are 1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or 2) “by speaking” or 3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 19 19 f5e6 figs-metonymy 0 in a voice The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 19 20 v7mh 0 he summoned Moses “he commanded Moses to come up”
EXO 19 21 d2qm figs-metaphor 0 not to break through God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in [Exodus 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 19 24 w8lx 0 get down “go down”
@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ EXO 20 8 kwn7 0 set it apart “set it apart for a special purpose”
EXO 20 9 sad1 0 do all your work “do all your usual duties”
EXO 20 10 t1ky figs-metonymy 0 within your gates Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 20 11 vw1f translate-ordinal 0 on the seventh day “on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EXO 20 11 s8ds 0 blessed the Sabbath day Possible meanings are that 1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or 2) God said that the Sabbath day was good.
EXO 20 11 s8ds 0 blessed the Sabbath day Possible meanings are that (1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or (2) God said that the Sabbath day was good.
EXO 20 14 wyv9 0 You must not commit adultery “You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse”
EXO 20 16 zix8 0 must not give false testimony “must not speak a false report” or “must not tell lies about someone”
EXO 20 17 vt9t 0 must not covet “must not strongly want to have” or “must not want to take”
@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ EXO 25 intro t23a 0 # Exodus 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this
EXO 25 2 r5yr figs-idiom 0 who is motivated by a willing heart This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 25 2 k78q figs-you 0 You must receive The word “you” refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 25 3 s2ls 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 25 4 c1qn 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are 1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
EXO 25 4 c1qn 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
EXO 25 4 c958 0 scarlet bright red
EXO 25 6 i6gp translate-unknown 0 spices dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EXO 25 7 mg4f translate-unknown 0 onyx a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ EXO 26 34 b9m2 0 on the ark of the testimony “on the chest that contains the
EXO 26 35 lv9e figs-explicit 0 The table must be on the north side This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Place the table for the bread of God’s presence on the north side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 26 36 h3s1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle.
EXO 26 36 p5wf 0 a hanging This was a large curtain made of cloth.
EXO 26 36 rr16 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are 1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
EXO 26 36 rr16 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
EXO 26 36 f6td 0 fine twined linen “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread.
EXO 26 36 r2fy 0 an embroiderer “a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders”
EXO 27 intro x4f7 0 # Exodus 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br>
@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ EXO 27 14 gz7s 0 bases These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep
EXO 27 14 u8nm translate-bdistance 0 fifteen cubits about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EXO 27 16 wv46 0 The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate”
EXO 27 16 h4tw figs-activepassive 0 The curtain must be made…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must make the curtain…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer” or “Embroiderers must make the curtain…fine twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 27 16 kn9u 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen Possible meanings are 1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
EXO 27 16 kn9u 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
EXO 27 16 g5wi 0 an embroiderer a person who sews designs into cloth
EXO 27 17 wal2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 27 18 wt7n translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits “100 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ EXO 30 9 ckf9 0 But you must offer Though the word “you” is addressed to M
EXO 30 10 ez2s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 30 10 k6xk 0 horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
EXO 30 10 san2 0 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you 0 When you take Possible meanings are 1) “you” refers to just Moses or 2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you 0 When you take Possible meanings are (1) “you” refers to just Moses or (2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 12 k5p1 0 a census of the Israelites The leaders only counted the Israelite men.
EXO 30 13 s69s figs-activepassive 0 Everyone who is counted This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 13 i4wk translate-bmoney 0 half a shekel of silver “1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ EXO 30 14 k4h9 figs-metaphor 0 from twenty years old and up Larger numbers are
EXO 30 15 r7fd 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
EXO 30 15 rll6 0 the people Only the men made this offering.
EXO 30 15 e8xa translate-bmoney 0 the half shekel Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 30 16 z6tn 0 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Possible meanings are 1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or 2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
EXO 30 16 z6tn 0 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Possible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
EXO 30 18 ye18 figs-you 0 You must also make Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 18 v88y 0 bronze basin “bronze bowl” or “bronze tub”
EXO 30 18 bh82 0 a bronze stand This is what the basin would be put on.
@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ EXO 30 24 p9jh translate-unknown 0 cassia This is a sweet spice. (See: [[rc://e
EXO 30 24 n38f translate-bweight 0 the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EXO 30 24 dv89 translate-bvolume 0 one hin Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “3.7 liters” or “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EXO 30 25 juf3 0 with these ingredients “with these items”
EXO 30 25 k3s5 0 the work of a perfumer Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
EXO 30 25 k3s5 0 the work of a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
EXO 30 25 yv9l 0 a perfumer a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils
EXO 30 26 f7k5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you 0 You must anoint Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -1243,10 +1243,10 @@ EXO 30 31 k4s7 0 throughout your people’s generations “all the generations
EXO 30 32 w4dt 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people.
EXO 30 32 rlk4 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be applied to people’s skin This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person’s skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 32 v3br 0 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items”
EXO 30 33 pa53 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” 2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 33 pa53 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 34 r3j2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of “you” are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
EXO 30 35 as9y figs-activepassive 0 Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer The phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 35 y8yj 0 blended by a perfumer Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
EXO 30 35 y8yj 0 blended by a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
EXO 30 36 nz2a figs-you 0 You will grind it “You will crush it.” Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 36 t8y9 figs-you 0 You will regard Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 30 37 z4p5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ EXO 30 37 dq6c 0 you must not make any The word “you” here refers to the p
EXO 30 37 yv1y 0 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
EXO 30 37 wh25 0 It must be most holy to you “You must consider it to be most holy”
EXO 30 38 xn6v 0 perfume This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body.
EXO 30 38 sa1m figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” 2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 30 38 sa1m figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 intro wfk7 0 # Exodus 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sabbath<br>As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br>
EXO 31 2 m8ju figs-metonymy 0 I have called by name God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 31 2 hf5r translate-names 0 Bezalel…Uri…Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ EXO 31 13 h75a figs-metaphor 0 who sets you apart for himself God speaks of cho
EXO 31 14 g83p figs-activepassive 0 for it must be treated by you as holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 14 mv4l figs-metaphor 0 Everyone who defiles it God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 31 14 plq5 figs-activepassive 0 must surely be put to death “must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 14 fz1g figs-metaphor 0 must surely be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” 2) “you must surely send him away” or 3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 14 fz1g figs-metaphor 0 must surely be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EXO 31 15 v4dv translate-numbers 0 but the seventh day “but day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EXO 31 16 iv7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel.
EXO 31 16 t9hw figs-metaphor 0 must keep the Sabbath God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ EXO 33 12 unz8 0 See “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what
EXO 33 12 w7fs figs-idiom 0 I know you by name To know someone by name is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EXO 33 12 a7jr figs-idiom 0 you have also found favor in my eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “I have evaluated you and approve” or “I am pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 13 e6vv figs-idiom 0 Now if I have found favor in your eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 33 13 zi7j 0 show me your ways Possible meanings: 1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or 2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
EXO 33 13 zi7j 0 show me your ways Possible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
EXO 33 14 gh8q figs-metonymy 0 My own presence will go God’s presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 33 14 hl15 figs-you 0 go with you…give you The word “you” here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EXO 33 14 hc5n 0 I will give you rest “I will let you rest”
@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ EXO 34 3 fk8z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
EXO 34 3 ck6d figs-metonymy 0 Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain Being seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 3 x3rx 0 No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain “Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.”
EXO 34 5 sp7f 0 stood with Moses there “stood with Moses on the mountain”
EXO 34 5 r9ey figs-metonymy 0 he pronounced the name “Yahweh.” Possible meanings are 1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or 2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 5 r9ey figs-metonymy 0 he pronounced the name “Yahweh.” Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EXO 34 6 fz1q figs-123person 0 Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EXO 34 6 e1k3 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness “always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
EXO 34 6 j7we figs-abstractnouns 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ EXO 35 21 be9z figs-synecdoche 0 whom his spirit made willing Here “spirit”
EXO 35 22 mwx8 figs-synecdoche 0 all who had a willing heart Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EXO 35 22 wwp2 0 brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments These are different kinds of jewelry.
EXO 35 23 s3ky 0 Everyone who had…brought them For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/04.md).
EXO 35 25 ebm5 0 blue, purple, or scarlet wool Possible meanings are 1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
EXO 35 25 ebm5 0 blue, purple, or scarlet wool Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
EXO 35 26 k1gy figs-synecdoche 0 whose hearts stirred them up Here “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EXO 35 27 f13n 0 The leaders brought…breastpiece For 35:27 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).
EXO 35 28 h3a1 0 they brought spices…fragrant incense For 35:28 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md)

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
77 EXO 3 2 d3tf 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected.
78 EXO 3 5 prv9 0 set apart “made holy”
79 EXO 3 6 sxk8 0 the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”
80 EXO 3 6 l5sy 0 your father Possible meanings are 1) “your ancestor” or 2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father. Possible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father.
81 EXO 3 7 xx7r 0 taskmasters Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
82 EXO 3 8 pxy8 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
83 EXO 3 8 dtz9 0 flowing with “full of” or “with an abundance of”
86 EXO 3 9 uup9 figs-personification 0 the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me Here the word “shouts” are spoken of as if they were persons who are capable of moving on their own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
87 EXO 3 11 y8cr figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt? Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is a nobody and no one will listen to him. Alternate translation: “I am not important enough to go to Pharaoh…Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
88 EXO 3 14 cli8 0 God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.” This is God’s response to Moses’ question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is, “I AM THAT I AM.”’”
89 EXO 3 14 b6vk 0 I AM THAT I AM Possible meanings are 1) this whole sentence is God’s name or 2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
90 EXO 3 14 s62u 0 I AM Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”
91 EXO 3 16 ec3v 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Moses.
92 EXO 3 16 xqy9 0 the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of Moses’s ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
97 EXO 3 17 msf8 figs-metonymy 0 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98 EXO 3 18 j24k 0 They will listen to you The word “you” refers to Moses. Alternate translation: “The elders will listen to you”
99 EXO 3 19 idp7 0 General Information: God continues speaking to Moses.
100 EXO 3 19 qf46 figs-metonymy 0 unless his hand is forced This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are 1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, 2) “only if I force him to let you go” or 3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101 EXO 3 20 yds5 figs-metonymy 0 I will reach out with my hand and attack Here “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will powerfully attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
102 EXO 3 21 kt7b figs-doublenegatives 0 will not go empty-handed The word here “empty-handed” is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
103 EXO 3 22 w2av 0 any women staying in her neighbors’ houses “any Egyptian woman staying in the houses of her Egyptian neighbors”
138 EXO 4 28 b429 0 he had sent him to say The word “he” refers to Yahweh, and “him” refers to Moses.
139 EXO 4 30 bm2x 0 in the sight of the people “before the people” or “in the presence of the people”
140 EXO 4 31 q1er 0 had observed the Israelites “saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”
141 EXO 4 31 g83a translate-symaction 0 they bowed their heads Possible meanings are 1) “they bowed their heads in awe” or 2) “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) Possible meanings are (1) “they bowed their heads in awe” or (2) “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
142 EXO 5 intro kea2 0 # Exodus 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A slave’s work<br>The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let my people go”<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Titles<br>The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.<br>
143 EXO 5 1 q9kn 0 After these things happened It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah.
144 EXO 5 1 u2vt 0 festival for me This is a celebration to worship Yahweh.
309 EXO 12 12 sa5n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will punish all the gods of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
310 EXO 12 13 bxm9 figs-explicit 0 for my coming to you This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate translation: “that I will see when I come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
311 EXO 12 13 zt5d figs-idiom 0 I will pass over you The words “pass over” were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. Alternate translation: “I will not enter your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
312 EXO 12 15 i9n3 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
313 EXO 12 16 bzj6 figs-activepassive 0 an assembly that is set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an assembly that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
314 EXO 12 16 l7pj figs-activepassive 0 No work will be done on these days This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
315 EXO 12 16 qr65 figs-activepassive 0 That must be the only work that may be done by you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
318 EXO 12 18 m475 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day in the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
319 EXO 12 18 uss3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the twenty-first day of the month “the twenty-first day of the first month.” This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
320 EXO 12 19 aej1 figs-activepassive 0 no yeast must be found in your houses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there must not be any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
321 EXO 12 19 vy72 figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from the community of Israel The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
322 EXO 12 20 t17e figs-activepassive 0 bread made without yeast This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
323 EXO 12 21 y9qt 0 summoned officially called
324 EXO 12 22 qwv1 0 hyssop a woody plant with small leaves that can be used for sprinkling liquids
439 EXO 15 1 f6ue figs-metaphor 0 the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider” or “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
440 EXO 15 1 cr5u figs-genericnoun 0 the horse and its rider This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
441 EXO 15 1 ex3p 0 rider This is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling.
442 EXO 15 2 pb23 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh is my strength Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or 2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
443 EXO 15 2 vk6l figs-metonymy 0 song Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
444 EXO 15 2 kbv7 figs-metonymy 0 he has become my salvation Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
445 EXO 15 3 p1d5 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is a warrior Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
468 EXO 15 16 nk67 figs-doublet 0 Terror and dread will fall on them These two words mean that fear will come upon them. Alternate translation: “Fear will come upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
469 EXO 15 16 fc8v 0 dread Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen.
470 EXO 15 16 t2yp figs-metonymy 0 Because of your arm’s power God’s arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
471 EXO 15 16 umm7 figs-simile 0 they will become as still as a stone Possible meanings are 1) “They will be silent like stone” or 2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Possible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
472 EXO 15 17 n5i5 figs-explicit 0 You will bring them Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than “bring.” Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
473 EXO 15 17 t6wg figs-metaphor 0 plant them on the mountain Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain” or “let them live on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
474 EXO 15 17 p7kb 0 the mountain of your inheritance This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan.
556 EXO 17 16 s86d figs-activepassive 0 a hand was lifted up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh lifted up his hand” or “Yahweh made a solemn promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
557 EXO 18 intro t8g2 0 # Exodus 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Leadership lessons<br>Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br>
558 EXO 18 1 nl86 0 Moses’ father-in-law This refers to the father of the wife of Moses.
559 EXO 18 2 zw6h 0 took Zipporah, Moses’ wife Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah.
560 EXO 18 2 chy6 figs-explicit 0 after he had sent her home This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
561 EXO 18 3 khs1 0 and her two sons This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons. This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.
562 EXO 18 3 k4mb translate-names 0 Gershom This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
563 EXO 18 4 xi35 translate-names 0 Eliezer This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
564 EXO 18 4 z2km figs-metonymy 0 Pharaoh’s sword This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh’s army. Alternate translation: “being killed by Pharaoh” or “being killed by Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
580 EXO 18 21 p2rq 0 Connecting Statement: Jethro continues speaking to Moses.
581 EXO 18 21 p5ap 0 Furthermore, you must choose “In addition, you must choose” or “You must also choose”
582 EXO 18 21 n936 figs-metaphor 0 You must put them over people Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
583 EXO 18 21 d2hv translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
584 EXO 18 22 p4sr 0 routine cases “the simple cases”
585 EXO 18 22 y5n2 figs-metaphor 0 the difficult cases they will bring to you Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
586 EXO 18 22 u42p figs-metaphor 0 they will carry the burden with you Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. Alternate translation: “they will do the hard work with you” or “they will help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
587 EXO 18 23 wyq4 figs-explicit 0 endure What they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “endure the stress of the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
588 EXO 18 25 n2ws figs-metaphor 0 heads over the people Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
589 EXO 18 25 tb18 figs-explicit 0 capable men What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
590 EXO 18 25 iqn8 translate-numbers 0 leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
591 EXO 18 26 abx4 0 judged the people in normal circumstances “judged the people most of the time” or “judged the people’s easy cases”
592 EXO 18 26 z7j4 figs-metaphor 0 The difficult cases they brought to Moses The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they told Moses about” or “when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
593 EXO 18 26 ve8h 0 the small cases “the easy cases”
625 EXO 19 18 a8p7 0 like the smoke of a furnace This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire”
626 EXO 19 18 np1s translate-unknown 0 furnace an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
627 EXO 19 19 m8ae 0 grew louder and louder “continued to become louder and louder”
628 EXO 19 19 f5e6 figs-metonymy 0 in a voice The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are 1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or 2) “by speaking” or 3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
629 EXO 19 20 v7mh 0 he summoned Moses “he commanded Moses to come up”
630 EXO 19 21 d2qm figs-metaphor 0 not to break through God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in [Exodus 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
631 EXO 19 24 w8lx 0 get down “go down”
647 EXO 20 9 sad1 0 do all your work “do all your usual duties”
648 EXO 20 10 t1ky figs-metonymy 0 within your gates Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
649 EXO 20 11 vw1f translate-ordinal 0 on the seventh day “on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
650 EXO 20 11 s8ds 0 blessed the Sabbath day Possible meanings are that 1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or 2) God said that the Sabbath day was good. Possible meanings are that (1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or (2) God said that the Sabbath day was good.
651 EXO 20 14 wyv9 0 You must not commit adultery “You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse”
652 EXO 20 16 zix8 0 must not give false testimony “must not speak a false report” or “must not tell lies about someone”
653 EXO 20 17 vt9t 0 must not covet “must not strongly want to have” or “must not want to take”
868 EXO 25 2 r5yr figs-idiom 0 who is motivated by a willing heart This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
869 EXO 25 2 k78q figs-you 0 You must receive The word “you” refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
870 EXO 25 3 s2ls 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
871 EXO 25 4 c1qn 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are 1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
872 EXO 25 4 c958 0 scarlet bright red
873 EXO 25 6 i6gp translate-unknown 0 spices dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
874 EXO 25 7 mg4f translate-unknown 0 onyx a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
974 EXO 26 35 lv9e figs-explicit 0 The table must be on the north side This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Place the table for the bread of God’s presence on the north side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
975 EXO 26 36 h3s1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle.
976 EXO 26 36 p5wf 0 a hanging This was a large curtain made of cloth.
977 EXO 26 36 rr16 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are 1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md). Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
978 EXO 26 36 f6td 0 fine twined linen “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread.
979 EXO 26 36 r2fy 0 an embroiderer “a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders”
980 EXO 27 intro x4f7 0 # Exodus 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br>
1019 EXO 27 14 u8nm translate-bdistance 0 fifteen cubits about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1020 EXO 27 16 wv46 0 The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate”
1021 EXO 27 16 h4tw figs-activepassive 0 The curtain must be made…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must make the curtain…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer” or “Embroiderers must make the curtain…fine twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1022 EXO 27 16 kn9u 0 blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen Possible meanings are 1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
1023 EXO 27 16 g5wi 0 an embroiderer a person who sews designs into cloth
1024 EXO 27 17 wal2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1025 EXO 27 18 wt7n translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits “100 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1204 EXO 30 10 ez2s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1205 EXO 30 10 k6xk 0 horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
1206 EXO 30 10 san2 0 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1207 EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you 0 When you take Possible meanings are 1) “you” refers to just Moses or 2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) Possible meanings are (1) “you” refers to just Moses or (2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1208 EXO 30 12 k5p1 0 a census of the Israelites The leaders only counted the Israelite men.
1209 EXO 30 13 s69s figs-activepassive 0 Everyone who is counted This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1210 EXO 30 13 i4wk translate-bmoney 0 half a shekel of silver “1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1214 EXO 30 15 r7fd 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1215 EXO 30 15 rll6 0 the people Only the men made this offering.
1216 EXO 30 15 e8xa translate-bmoney 0 the half shekel Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1217 EXO 30 16 z6tn 0 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Possible meanings are 1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or 2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.” Possible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
1218 EXO 30 18 ye18 figs-you 0 You must also make Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1219 EXO 30 18 v88y 0 bronze basin “bronze bowl” or “bronze tub”
1220 EXO 30 18 bh82 0 a bronze stand This is what the basin would be put on.
1231 EXO 30 24 n38f translate-bweight 0 the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1232 EXO 30 24 dv89 translate-bvolume 0 one hin Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “3.7 liters” or “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1233 EXO 30 25 juf3 0 with these ingredients “with these items”
1234 EXO 30 25 k3s5 0 the work of a perfumer Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
1235 EXO 30 25 yv9l 0 a perfumer a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils
1236 EXO 30 26 f7k5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1237 EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you 0 You must anoint Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1243 EXO 30 32 w4dt 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people.
1244 EXO 30 32 rlk4 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be applied to people’s skin This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person’s skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1245 EXO 30 32 v3br 0 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items”
1246 EXO 30 33 pa53 figs-metaphor 0 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” 2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1247 EXO 30 34 r3j2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of “you” are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
1248 EXO 30 35 as9y figs-activepassive 0 Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer The phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1249 EXO 30 35 y8yj 0 blended by a perfumer Possible meanings are 1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or 2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md). Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
1250 EXO 30 36 nz2a figs-you 0 You will grind it “You will crush it.” Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1251 EXO 30 36 t8y9 figs-you 0 You will regard Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1252 EXO 30 37 z4p5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1254 EXO 30 37 yv1y 0 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
1255 EXO 30 37 wh25 0 It must be most holy to you “You must consider it to be most holy”
1256 EXO 30 38 xn6v 0 perfume This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body.
1257 EXO 30 38 sa1m figs-metaphor 0 must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” 2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or 3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1258 EXO 31 intro wfk7 0 # Exodus 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sabbath<br>As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br>
1259 EXO 31 2 m8ju figs-metonymy 0 I have called by name God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1260 EXO 31 2 hf5r translate-names 0 Bezalel…Uri…Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1277 EXO 31 14 g83p figs-activepassive 0 for it must be treated by you as holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1278 EXO 31 14 mv4l figs-metaphor 0 Everyone who defiles it God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279 EXO 31 14 plq5 figs-activepassive 0 must surely be put to death “must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1280 EXO 31 14 fz1g figs-metaphor 0 must surely be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” 2) “you must surely send him away” or 3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1281 EXO 31 15 v4dv translate-numbers 0 but the seventh day “but day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1282 EXO 31 16 iv7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel.
1283 EXO 31 16 t9hw figs-metaphor 0 must keep the Sabbath God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1354 EXO 33 12 w7fs figs-idiom 0 I know you by name To know someone by name is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1355 EXO 33 12 a7jr figs-idiom 0 you have also found favor in my eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “I have evaluated you and approve” or “I am pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1356 EXO 33 13 e6vv figs-idiom 0 Now if I have found favor in your eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1357 EXO 33 13 zi7j 0 show me your ways Possible meanings: 1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or 2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.” Possible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
1358 EXO 33 14 gh8q figs-metonymy 0 My own presence will go God’s presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1359 EXO 33 14 hl15 figs-you 0 go with you…give you The word “you” here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1360 EXO 33 14 hc5n 0 I will give you rest “I will let you rest”
1375 EXO 34 3 ck6d figs-metonymy 0 Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain Being seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1376 EXO 34 3 x3rx 0 No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain “Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.”
1377 EXO 34 5 sp7f 0 stood with Moses there “stood with Moses on the mountain”
1378 EXO 34 5 r9ey figs-metonymy 0 he pronounced the name “Yahweh.” Possible meanings are 1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or 2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1379 EXO 34 6 fz1q figs-123person 0 Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1380 EXO 34 6 e1k3 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness “always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
1381 EXO 34 6 j7we figs-abstractnouns 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1451 EXO 35 22 mwx8 figs-synecdoche 0 all who had a willing heart Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1452 EXO 35 22 wwp2 0 brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments These are different kinds of jewelry.
1453 EXO 35 23 s3ky 0 Everyone who had…brought them For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/04.md).
1454 EXO 35 25 ebm5 0 blue, purple, or scarlet wool Possible meanings are 1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or 2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md). Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
1455 EXO 35 26 k1gy figs-synecdoche 0 whose hearts stirred them up Here “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1456 EXO 35 27 f13n 0 The leaders brought…breastpiece For 35:27 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).
1457 EXO 35 28 h3a1 0 they brought spices…fragrant incense For 35:28 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md)

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en_tn_03-LEV.tsv
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@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ LEV 16 12 rb7j 0 sweet incense “sweet-smelling incense.” This refers to th
LEV 16 14 q6jm 0 the blood of the bull This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in [Leviticus 16:11](../16/11.md).
LEV 16 14 an6m 0 sprinkle it with his finger He used his finger to splash the blood.
LEV 16 14 l8cz 0 on the front of the atonement lid He put the blood on the top part of the lid. He also put it on the side of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place.
LEV 16 14 c3u7 0 before the atonement lid Possible meanings are 1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or 2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.”
LEV 16 14 c3u7 0 before the atonement lid Possible meanings are (1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.”
LEV 16 15 y7sm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement.
LEV 16 15 z5rn 0 He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](../16/14.md).
LEV 16 16 p9s9 0 He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people of Israel The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean.
@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ LEV 18 9 u8th figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphem
LEV 18 9 i3mf 0 whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father.
LEV 18 9 c7dm figs-activepassive 0 whether she was raised at your home or distant from you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whether she grew up at your home or far away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 18 10 hn2p 0 their nakedness is your own nakedness “you will dishonor both them and yourself”
LEV 18 11 g9ak 0 your father’s wife’s daughter Possible meanings are 1) “your half-sister” or 2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married.
LEV 18 11 g9ak 0 your father’s wife’s daughter Possible meanings are (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married.
LEV 18 12 pz5f figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LEV 18 14 pwu9 figs-explicit 0 you must not approach his wife You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. Alternate translation: “do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LEV 18 15 dj86 figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ LEV 19 intro q5dy 0 # Leviticus 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in th
LEV 19 3 h3qu 0 keep my Sabbaths “observe my Sabbaths” or “respect my day of rest”
LEV 19 4 h2g1 figs-metaphor 0 Do not turn to worthless idols Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LEV 19 5 y6kv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit 0 you must offer it that you may be accepted This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or 2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit 0 you must offer it that you may be accepted This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 19 6 l911 figs-activepassive 0 It must be eaten This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 19 6 en6s figs-activepassive 0 it must be burned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 19 7 prl2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is eaten at all This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you eat any of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ LEV 19 23 qe8e figs-activepassive 0 you must regard the fruit they produce as f
LEV 19 23 q42h figs-activepassive 0 The fruit must be forbidden to you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forbidden the fruit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 19 23 qi36 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be eaten This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 19 29 h86v figs-metonymy 0 the nation will fall to prostitution and the land will become full of wickedness Here the words “nation” and “land” represent the people who live there. Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LEV 19 31 r7ep figs-doublet 0 the dead or with spirits Possible meanings are 1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or 2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LEV 19 31 r7ep figs-doublet 0 the dead or with spirits Possible meanings are (1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or (2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LEV 19 31 d3wn 0 Do not seek them out, or they will defile you “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you”
LEV 19 32 han2 translate-symaction 0 You must rise Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LEV 19 32 kg1f 0 the gray-headed person This refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or “an old person.”
@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ LEV 20 15 c3hj figs-activepassive 0 he must surely be put to death This can be
LEV 20 16 wb4d figs-euphemism 0 lies with it This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LEV 20 16 k7m4 figs-parallelism 0 you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LEV 20 16 yw4l figs-activepassive 0 They must certainly be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put them to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 20 17 x8tw figs-euphemism 0 takes Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or 2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LEV 20 17 x8tw figs-euphemism 0 takes Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LEV 20 17 cv3p figs-explicit 0 a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “whether it is his full sister or half-sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LEV 20 17 d1dr 0 he uncovers her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness “they have sexual relations”
LEV 20 17 d2px figs-euphemism 0 has uncovered the nakedness of This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ LEV 21 intro l1al 0 # Leviticus 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in th
LEV 21 1 nwz2 figs-metaphor 0 make himself unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LEV 21 1 gv2c 0 among his people “among the Israelites”
LEV 21 3 kba1 0 virgin This can also be translated as “young woman”
LEV 21 5 fy55 0 shave off the corners of their beards It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. Possible meanings are 1) shave off certain parts of their beards or 2) cut or shave any part of their beards.
LEV 21 5 fy55 0 shave off the corners of their beards It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. Possible meanings are (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards.
LEV 21 6 vam1 0 They must be holy “They must be set apart”
LEV 21 6 q1bp figs-metonymy 0 not disgrace the name of their God This word “name” is used to represent Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “not disgrace God’s reputation” or “not disgrace their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LEV 21 6 t99p figs-synecdoche 0 the bread of their God Here “bread” represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1058,10 +1058,10 @@ LEV 22 7 w1dk figs-metaphor 0 he will then be clean “the priest will then be
LEV 22 8 tve2 figs-activepassive 0 found dead or killed by wild animals This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 22 10 iqy2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do.
LEV 22 12 dg4g figs-abstractnouns 0 the holy contribution offerings The word “contribution” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LEV 22 14 rd8r 0 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it Possible meanings are 1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or 2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten.
LEV 22 14 rd8r 0 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it Possible meanings are (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten.
LEV 22 14 kg3k translate-fraction 0 one-fifth This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
LEV 22 15 qr33 translate-symaction 0 that they have raised high and presented The phrase “raised high” refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they have offered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor 0 cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are 1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or 2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor 0 cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are (1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LEV 22 18 nkn4 0 an alien “a foreigner”
LEV 22 19 fhu4 figs-activepassive 0 if it is to be accepted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh is to accept it” or “if I, Yahweh, am to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 22 21 z634 figs-activepassive 0 to be accepted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ LEV 23 39 i44i 0 Festival of Shelters This is a celebration during which the p
LEV 23 39 s52d translate-hebrewmonths 0 fifteenth day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
LEV 23 39 mz9z figs-synecdoche 0 when you have gathered in the fruits The word “fruits” here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LEV 23 40 br1c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters.
LEV 23 40 ven2 figs-explicit 0 branches of palm trees…willows from streams Possible uses for these branches are 1) to make temporary shelters or 2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LEV 23 40 ven2 figs-explicit 0 branches of palm trees…willows from streams Possible uses for these branches are (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LEV 23 40 cnz9 translate-unknown 0 willows trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LEV 23 42 w2iy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters.
LEV 23 43 ig75 figs-idiom 0 your descendants, generation after generation, may learn “Generation after generation” here is an idiom that refers to each generation that lives after another. Alternate translation: “your descendants belonging to all future generations may learn” or “all your descendants may learn forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
813 LEV 16 14 q6jm 0 the blood of the bull This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in [Leviticus 16:11](../16/11.md).
814 LEV 16 14 an6m 0 sprinkle it with his finger He used his finger to splash the blood.
815 LEV 16 14 l8cz 0 on the front of the atonement lid He put the blood on the top part of the lid. He also put it on the side of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place.
816 LEV 16 14 c3u7 0 before the atonement lid Possible meanings are 1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or 2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.” Possible meanings are (1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.”
817 LEV 16 15 y7sm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement.
818 LEV 16 15 z5rn 0 He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](../16/14.md).
819 LEV 16 16 p9s9 0 He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people of Israel The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean.
885 LEV 18 9 i3mf 0 whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father.
886 LEV 18 9 c7dm figs-activepassive 0 whether she was raised at your home or distant from you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whether she grew up at your home or far away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
887 LEV 18 10 hn2p 0 their nakedness is your own nakedness “you will dishonor both them and yourself”
888 LEV 18 11 g9ak 0 your father’s wife’s daughter Possible meanings are 1) “your half-sister” or 2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. Possible meanings are (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married.
889 LEV 18 12 pz5f figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
890 LEV 18 14 pwu9 figs-explicit 0 you must not approach his wife You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. Alternate translation: “do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
891 LEV 18 15 dj86 figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
917 LEV 19 3 h3qu 0 keep my Sabbaths “observe my Sabbaths” or “respect my day of rest”
918 LEV 19 4 h2g1 figs-metaphor 0 Do not turn to worthless idols Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
919 LEV 19 5 y6kv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
920 LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit 0 you must offer it that you may be accepted This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or 2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
921 LEV 19 6 l911 figs-activepassive 0 It must be eaten This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
922 LEV 19 6 en6s figs-activepassive 0 it must be burned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
923 LEV 19 7 prl2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is eaten at all This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you eat any of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
950 LEV 19 23 q42h figs-activepassive 0 The fruit must be forbidden to you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forbidden the fruit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
951 LEV 19 23 qi36 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be eaten This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
952 LEV 19 29 h86v figs-metonymy 0 the nation will fall to prostitution and the land will become full of wickedness Here the words “nation” and “land” represent the people who live there. Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
953 LEV 19 31 r7ep figs-doublet 0 the dead or with spirits Possible meanings are 1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or 2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Possible meanings are (1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or (2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
954 LEV 19 31 d3wn 0 Do not seek them out, or they will defile you “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you”
955 LEV 19 32 han2 translate-symaction 0 You must rise Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
956 LEV 19 32 kg1f 0 the gray-headed person This refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or “an old person.”
987 LEV 20 16 wb4d figs-euphemism 0 lies with it This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
988 LEV 20 16 k7m4 figs-parallelism 0 you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
989 LEV 20 16 yw4l figs-activepassive 0 They must certainly be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put them to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
990 LEV 20 17 x8tw figs-euphemism 0 takes Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or 2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
991 LEV 20 17 cv3p figs-explicit 0 a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “whether it is his full sister or half-sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
992 LEV 20 17 d1dr 0 he uncovers her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness “they have sexual relations”
993 LEV 20 17 d2px figs-euphemism 0 has uncovered the nakedness of This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1013 LEV 21 1 nwz2 figs-metaphor 0 make himself unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1014 LEV 21 1 gv2c 0 among his people “among the Israelites”
1015 LEV 21 3 kba1 0 virgin This can also be translated as “young woman”
1016 LEV 21 5 fy55 0 shave off the corners of their beards It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. Possible meanings are 1) shave off certain parts of their beards or 2) cut or shave any part of their beards. It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. Possible meanings are (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards.
1017 LEV 21 6 vam1 0 They must be holy “They must be set apart”
1018 LEV 21 6 q1bp figs-metonymy 0 not disgrace the name of their God This word “name” is used to represent Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “not disgrace God’s reputation” or “not disgrace their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1019 LEV 21 6 t99p figs-synecdoche 0 the bread of their God Here “bread” represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1058 LEV 22 8 tve2 figs-activepassive 0 found dead or killed by wild animals This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1059 LEV 22 10 iqy2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do.
1060 LEV 22 12 dg4g figs-abstractnouns 0 the holy contribution offerings The word “contribution” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1061 LEV 22 14 rd8r 0 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it Possible meanings are 1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or 2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. Possible meanings are (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten.
1062 LEV 22 14 kg3k translate-fraction 0 one-fifth This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1063 LEV 22 15 qr33 translate-symaction 0 that they have raised high and presented The phrase “raised high” refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they have offered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1064 LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor 0 cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are 1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or 2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are (1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1065 LEV 22 18 nkn4 0 an alien “a foreigner”
1066 LEV 22 19 fhu4 figs-activepassive 0 if it is to be accepted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh is to accept it” or “if I, Yahweh, am to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1067 LEV 22 21 z634 figs-activepassive 0 to be accepted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1131 LEV 23 39 s52d translate-hebrewmonths 0 fifteenth day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1132 LEV 23 39 mz9z figs-synecdoche 0 when you have gathered in the fruits The word “fruits” here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1133 LEV 23 40 br1c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters.
1134 LEV 23 40 ven2 figs-explicit 0 branches of palm trees…willows from streams Possible uses for these branches are 1) to make temporary shelters or 2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible uses for these branches are (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1135 LEV 23 40 cnz9 translate-unknown 0 willows trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1136 LEV 23 42 w2iy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters.
1137 LEV 23 43 ig75 figs-idiom 0 your descendants, generation after generation, may learn “Generation after generation” here is an idiom that refers to each generation that lives after another. Alternate translation: “your descendants belonging to all future generations may learn” or “all your descendants may learn forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

36
en_tn_04-NUM.tsv
View File

@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ NUM 5 20 ulh8 figs-idiom 0 have gone astray The words “gone astray” is an i
NUM 5 21 p7jm figs-idiom 0 that can bring down a curse on her The phrase “bring down a curse” is an idiom meaning for a curse to come upon her. Alternate translation: “that can cause a curse to come upon her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 5 21 z7wf figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will make you into a curse…your people to be such Here the author speaks about the woman bearing the curse that Yahweh gives her, which causes other people to curse her. This is spoken of as if the woman herself becomes a curse. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh curses you, other people will curse you as well, and Yahweh will show people that you are truly cursed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 5 21 d46k figs-activepassive 0 that will be shown to your people to be such This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he will show to your people as a curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 5 21 qcf7 0 your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die.
NUM 5 21 qcf7 0 your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell Possible meanings are (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die.
NUM 5 21 b27i figs-euphemism 0 your thigh to waste away Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. Alternate translation: “your womb to be useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
NUM 5 23 lqe7 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
NUM 5 23 rp5w 0 he must wash away the written curses This means that he is to wash the ink off of the scroll.
@ -335,11 +335,11 @@ NUM 5 26 tvx7 0 a representative offering The handful of the grain offering re
NUM 5 27 jf5e 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
NUM 5 27 eld4 figs-activepassive 0 if she is defiled because she has committed This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “if she has defined herself by committing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 5 27 dzq6 figs-explicit 0 committed a sin Here the “sin” refers specifically to committing adultery. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “committed adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 5 27 c4b4 figs-euphemism 0 Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](../05/21.md).
NUM 5 27 c4b4 figs-euphemism 0 Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away Possible meanings are (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](../05/21.md).
NUM 5 27 md3y figs-activepassive 0 The woman will be cursed among her people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Her people will curse her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 5 28 y738 figs-activepassive 0 is not defiled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “has not defiled herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 5 28 g4sp figs-metaphor 0 if she is clean Here “being innocent” is spoken of as “being clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 5 28 qh3a figs-explicit 0 then she must be free Possible meanings are 1) “then she will not be cursed” or 2) “then she is free from guilt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 5 28 qh3a figs-explicit 0 then she must be free Possible meanings are (1) “then she will not be cursed” or (2) “then she is free from guilt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 5 28 ud3t 0 conceive children “become pregnant”
NUM 5 29 r1im 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
NUM 5 29 l3rj 0 the law of jealousy “the law for dealing with jealousy”
@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ NUM 11 17 dz3z figs-metaphor 0 They will bear the burden of the people with you
NUM 11 17 qll3 figs-metaphor 0 You will not have to bear it alone God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. Alternate translation: “You will not care for them alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 11 18 l15u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
NUM 11 18 mc86 figs-rquestion 0 Who will give us meat to eat? The Israelites had asked this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had meat to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 11 20 mhi2 figs-metaphor 0 until it comes out of your nostrils Possible meanings are 1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until you are sick and vomit” or 2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 11 20 mhi2 figs-metaphor 0 until it comes out of your nostrils Possible meanings are (1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until you are sick and vomit” or (2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 11 20 r2iy figs-rquestion 0 Why did we leave Egypt? The people had used this question to express regret and to complain. Alternate translation: “We never should have left Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 11 21 sej6 translate-numbers 0 600,000 people “six hundred thousand people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 11 22 tbn5 figs-rquestion 0 Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Should we catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them? Moses uses these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. Alternate translation: “We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ NUM 14 9 z1a2 figs-abstractnouns 0 Their protection The abstract noun “protec
NUM 14 11 g9t8 figs-rquestion 0 How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs…them? Yahweh uses these questions to show that he was angry and had lost patience with the people. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs…them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 14 12 fg73 0 disinherit them “reject them from being my people.” This may imply that he would destroy them, and some versions translate it that way.
NUM 14 12 i52q figs-you 0 make from your own clan Here “your” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
NUM 14 14 ugy1 figs-metaphor 0 you are seen face to face Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. Alternate translation: “they have seen you” or 2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God’s face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you speak directly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 14 14 ugy1 figs-metaphor 0 you are seen face to face Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. Alternate translation: “they have seen you” or (2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God’s face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you speak directly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 14 15 py5f figs-metaphor 0 as one man Killing them all at the same time is spoken of as killing them as one person. Alternate translation: “all at one time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 14 18 rp6d figs-abstractnouns 0 abundant in covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always faithfully loves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NUM 14 18 gp2r figs-metaphor 0 He will by no means clear the guilty “he will certainly not clear guilty people.” Clearing away people’s sin is a metaphor for refusing to punish them. God would not clear away the sin of guilty people. Alternate translation: “He will always punish the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -889,10 +889,10 @@ NUM 15 13 p4pt figs-activepassive 0 made by fire This can be stated in active f
NUM 15 13 ziu6 figs-metaphor 0 to produce an aroma that is pleasing to Yahweh “to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh.” Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to please Yahweh by offering it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 15 14 l1di figs-activepassive 0 he must make an offering made by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must burn an offering on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 14 b1ia figs-metaphor 0 to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh “to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh.” The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to please Yahweh by offering it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 15 15 wi5k 0 As you are, so also must be the traveler Possible meanings are 1) “You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh” or 2) “The same law applies to both you and the traveler”
NUM 15 15 wi5k 0 As you are, so also must be the traveler Possible meanings are (1) “You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh” or (2) “The same law applies to both you and the traveler”
NUM 15 15 l678 figs-explicit 0 He must act as you act before Yahweh “He must act as you act in Yahweh’s presence.” Because it says that they must act as the Israelites in Yahweh’s presence, it is implied that they must obey all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “he must act as you act and obey all of Yahweh’s commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 15 19 w5ic figs-activepassive 0 the food produced in the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the food that the land produces” or “the food that you produce in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 20 yt5q figs-metonymy 0 the first of your dough Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or 2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 15 20 yt5q figs-metonymy 0 the first of your dough Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or (2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 15 20 i3c9 0 a loaf Calling it a loaf implies that they would cooked the dough first.
NUM 15 20 huf4 figs-idiom 0 to raise it up as a raised offering This idiom “raise it up” refers to offering it as a gift. Alternate translation: “to offer it as a gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 15 20 hum8 0 a raised offering from the threshing floor The offering is spoken of as being from the threshing floor because this is where they would separate the grain from the other parts of the plant.
@ -906,9 +906,9 @@ NUM 15 25 gs8c figs-activepassive 0 made by fire This can be stated in active f
NUM 15 26 scd4 figs-activepassive 0 all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will forgive all the community of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 27 de37 0 a female goat a year old “a 1-year-old female goat”
NUM 15 28 xn5j figs-activepassive 0 That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 30 i7a8 figs-metaphor 0 That person must be cut off from among his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “his people must send him away” or 2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or 3) “his people must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 30 i7a8 figs-metaphor 0 That person must be cut off from among his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “his people must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “his people must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 31 jjv8 figs-metonymy 0 has broken my commandment Not obeying a commandment is spoken of as breaking it. Alternate translation: “has disobeyed my commandment” or “has not obeyed what I commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 15 31 d6w9 figs-metonymy 0 His sin will be on him Here “sin” represents either 1) punishment for that sin or 2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either 1) being punished or 2) being guilty. Alternate translation: 1) “I will punish him because of his sin” or 2) “I will consider him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 15 31 d6w9 figs-metonymy 0 His sin will be on him Here “sin” represents either (1) punishment for that sin or (2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either (1) being punished or (2) being guilty. Alternate translation: (1) “I will punish him because of his sin” or (2) “I will consider him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 15 34 rs36 figs-activepassive 0 it had not been declared what should be done with him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 35 hw5x figs-activepassive 0 The man must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put the man to death” or “The man must surely die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 15 38 k8rm 0 the descendants of Israel “the people of Israel”
@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ NUM 18 3 yig6 figs-pronouns 0 or they and also you will die Here “they” ref
NUM 18 4 b6pc figs-you 0 They must join you “They” refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word “you” is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
NUM 18 4 nn6e figs-you 0 not come near you Here “you” is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
NUM 18 5 zaj3 figs-you 0 You must take responsibility Here “you” is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
NUM 18 5 lc1d figs-metonymy 0 so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again Possible meanings are 1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. Alternate translation: “so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again” or 2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. Alternate translation: “so that I do not punish the people of Israel again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 18 5 lc1d figs-metonymy 0 so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again Possible meanings are (1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. Alternate translation: “so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again” or (2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. Alternate translation: “so that I do not punish the people of Israel again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 18 6 ken5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron.
NUM 18 6 y9nk figs-metaphor 0 They are a gift to you Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron. Alternate translation: “They are like a gift to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 18 6 h66d figs-metonymy 0 given to me Here “given” to God represents being set apart to serve God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which I have set apart for myself” or “and I have set them apart for myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ NUM 22 38 y1j1 figs-rquestion 0 Do I now have any power to say anything? Balaam
NUM 22 38 re6i figs-metaphor 0 the words that God puts into my mouth The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. Alternate translation: “the message that God wants me to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 22 39 lt48 translate-names 0 Kiriath Huzoth This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 22 40 e9l3 0 some meat “some of the meat from the sacrifices”
NUM 22 41 sx5n 0 the high place of Baal Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means “the high place,” or 2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal.
NUM 22 41 sx5n 0 the high place of Baal Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means “the high place,” or (2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal.
NUM 23 intro kt51 0 # Numbers 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:7-10, 18-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cursing God’s people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
NUM 23 1 js8j 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
NUM 23 1 yr7z 0 prepare seven bulls and seven rams “kill seven bulls and seven rams as a sacrifice”
@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ NUM 23 18 kka5 figs-parallelism 0 Balak, and hear…Listen to me, you son of Zi
NUM 23 18 d6y8 0 Balak…son of Zippor See how you translated these names in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
NUM 23 19 q4wm figs-parallelism 0 Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out? Both of these questions mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 23 20 tga7 figs-activepassive 0 I have been commanded to bless This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has commanded me to bless the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 23 21 w1xp figs-parallelism 0 hardship in Jacob…trouble in Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) God has given Israel only good things or 2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 23 21 w1xp figs-parallelism 0 hardship in Jacob…trouble in Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) God has given Israel only good things or (2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 23 21 i4xz 0 shouts for their king are among them “they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king”
NUM 23 22 bnk6 figs-simile 0 with strength like that of a wild ox This simile says that Yahweh’s great strength is equal to an ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NUM 23 23 q3q1 figs-parallelism 0 There is no sorcery that works against Jacob…no fortune-telling harms Israel These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of Israel will be effective. Here “Jacob” is a metonym that refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ NUM 24 17 zg5v writing-symlanguage 0 A star will come out of Jacob Here “star
NUM 24 17 dbs9 figs-metonymy 0 out of Jacob Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “from among the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 24 17 ev9h figs-parallelism 0 a scepter will rise out of Israel This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Here “scepter” refers to a powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 24 17 m5w5 figs-metonymy 0 out of Israel Here “Israel” refers to future Israelites. Alternate translation: “from among the Israelites in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 24 17 evy3 0 shatter Moab’s leaders Possible meanings are 1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or 2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab.
NUM 24 17 evy3 0 shatter Moab’s leaders Possible meanings are (1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or (2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab.
NUM 24 17 r3pg 0 all the descendants of Seth This also refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth.
NUM 24 18 l7jt 0 General Information: Balaam finishes the first of his four prophecies.
NUM 24 18 nu8t figs-activepassive 0 Edom will become a possession of Israel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Israelites will occupy Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ NUM 27 14 uty1 figs-explicit 0 when the water flowed from the rock, in your ang
NUM 27 14 xyy8 0 you failed to honor me as holy “you did not treat me as holy”
NUM 27 14 a4ny figs-synecdoche 0 before the eyes of the whole community Here the people of the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: “in front of the whole community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NUM 27 14 u1wv 0 waters of Meribah See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 20:13](../20/13.md).
NUM 27 16 z8x6 figs-synecdoche 0 the God of the spirits of all humanity Possible meaning are 1) here “spirits” refers to all people.” Alternate translation: “the God over all of humanity” or 2) the reference to “spirits” refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate translation: “the God who gives breath to all people” or “the God who give life to all humanity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NUM 27 16 z8x6 figs-synecdoche 0 the God of the spirits of all humanity Possible meaning are (1) here “spirits” refers to all people.” Alternate translation: “the God over all of humanity” or (2) the reference to “spirits” refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate translation: “the God who gives breath to all people” or “the God who give life to all humanity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NUM 27 16 zz8p figs-idiom 0 a man over the community To be “over” a group of people means to have authority to lead them. Alternate translation: “a man to lead the community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 27 17 s1me figs-idiom 0 a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in This is an idiom that means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 27 17 t27b figs-simile 0 so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd This is a simile that means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1681,7 +1681,7 @@ NUM 31 10 xji1 0 They burned all their cities where they lived and all their c
NUM 31 11 yll7 0 They took “The army of Israel took”
NUM 31 11 ghi1 0 plunder This refers to the material goods they recovered from killing the Midianite men.
NUM 31 12 zi9f 0 plains a large area of flat land
NUM 31 14 r7xx translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 14 r7xx translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 15 q7z6 figs-rquestion 0 Have you let all the women live? The law was explicit on who would be permitted to live. The army violated the law by allowing all the women and children to live. This was a rebuke to the army leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 31 16 zwr2 figs-idiom 0 Look This word is used here to draw the audience’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 31 17 x8nq figs-euphemism 0 has known a man by lying with him “has had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ NUM 31 44 iiy9 translate-numbers 0 thirty-six thousand oxen 36,000 oxen (See: [
NUM 31 46 ad6b translate-numbers 0 sixteen thousand women “16,000 women.” It has been stated earlier that all the males and the married women captives were put to death (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 31 47 kg6l translate-numbers 0 General Information: Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 47 kg6m translate-numbers 0 General Information: The tax on the people’s portion was higher than the tax on the soldiers’ portion.
NUM 31 48 vf7u translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 48 vf7u translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 49 f2pw 0 Your servants have counted The commanders refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
NUM 31 49 v7td figs-litotes 0 not one man is missing This can be stated in a positive statement. “we know for certain that every man is here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
NUM 31 50 xin3 0 General Information: The officers of the army continue speaking to Moses.
@ -1738,7 +1738,7 @@ NUM 31 50 a59f 0 armlets and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces
NUM 31 50 zw94 0 to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh “to thank God for saving our lives”
NUM 31 51 q5dj 0 the gold and all the articles of craftsmanship “all the articles of gold” or “all the golden jewelry”
NUM 31 52 grf3 0 All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed “All the gold of the offering that the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds gave to Yahweh weighed”
NUM 31 52 qri3 translate-numbers 0 from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 52 qri3 translate-numbers 0 from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 52 b57h translate-numbers 0 16750 “sixteen thousand, seven hundred and fifty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 52 gj47 translate-bmoney 0 shekels A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
NUM 31 54 r1uq 0 as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites.
@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ NUM 32 20 sb1z figs-idiom 0 before Yahweh This means Yahweh will go with them t
NUM 32 21 w22a figs-metaphor 0 until he has driven out his enemies from before him “until Yahweh has driven out his enemies from his presence.” The pronouns here all refer to Yahweh. Yahweh enabling the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were fighting their battles. Alternate translation: “until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and force them away from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 32 22 he19 figs-metonymy 0 the land is subdued before him Here the word “land” refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in his presence the Israelites have subdued the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 32 22 i7x4 figs-explicit 0 you may return It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. Alternate translation: “you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 32 22 rj5v 0 You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel Possible meanings are 1) “You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel” or 2) “There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you.”
NUM 32 22 rj5v 0 You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel Possible meanings are (1) “You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel” or (2) “There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you.”
NUM 32 23 g2nz figs-personification 0 Be sure that your sin will find you out Moses speaks of sin as if it were a person who will condemn the guilty person. This means that the people cannot escape the punishment that their sin deserves. Alternate translation: “Know for sure that Yahweh will punish you for your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
NUM 32 25 ygw2 0 Your servants The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority.
NUM 32 27 j571 figs-explicit 0 will cross over You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. Alternate translation: “will cross over the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
323 NUM 5 21 p7jm figs-idiom 0 that can bring down a curse on her The phrase “bring down a curse” is an idiom meaning for a curse to come upon her. Alternate translation: “that can cause a curse to come upon her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
324 NUM 5 21 z7wf figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will make you into a curse…your people to be such Here the author speaks about the woman bearing the curse that Yahweh gives her, which causes other people to curse her. This is spoken of as if the woman herself becomes a curse. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh curses you, other people will curse you as well, and Yahweh will show people that you are truly cursed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
325 NUM 5 21 d46k figs-activepassive 0 that will be shown to your people to be such This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he will show to your people as a curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
326 NUM 5 21 qcf7 0 your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Possible meanings are (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die.
327 NUM 5 21 b27i figs-euphemism 0 your thigh to waste away Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. Alternate translation: “your womb to be useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
328 NUM 5 23 lqe7 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
329 NUM 5 23 rp5w 0 he must wash away the written curses This means that he is to wash the ink off of the scroll.
335 NUM 5 27 jf5e 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
336 NUM 5 27 eld4 figs-activepassive 0 if she is defiled because she has committed This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “if she has defined herself by committing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
337 NUM 5 27 dzq6 figs-explicit 0 committed a sin Here the “sin” refers specifically to committing adultery. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “committed adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
338 NUM 5 27 c4b4 figs-euphemism 0 Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away Possible meanings are 1) that the woman will become unable to have children or 2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](../05/21.md). Possible meanings are (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](../05/21.md).
339 NUM 5 27 md3y figs-activepassive 0 The woman will be cursed among her people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Her people will curse her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
340 NUM 5 28 y738 figs-activepassive 0 is not defiled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “has not defiled herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
341 NUM 5 28 g4sp figs-metaphor 0 if she is clean Here “being innocent” is spoken of as “being clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
342 NUM 5 28 qh3a figs-explicit 0 then she must be free Possible meanings are 1) “then she will not be cursed” or 2) “then she is free from guilt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) “then she will not be cursed” or (2) “then she is free from guilt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
343 NUM 5 28 ud3t 0 conceive children “become pregnant”
344 NUM 5 29 r1im 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
345 NUM 5 29 l3rj 0 the law of jealousy “the law for dealing with jealousy”
737 NUM 11 17 qll3 figs-metaphor 0 You will not have to bear it alone God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. Alternate translation: “You will not care for them alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
738 NUM 11 18 l15u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
739 NUM 11 18 mc86 figs-rquestion 0 Who will give us meat to eat? The Israelites had asked this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had meat to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
740 NUM 11 20 mhi2 figs-metaphor 0 until it comes out of your nostrils Possible meanings are 1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until you are sick and vomit” or 2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until you are sick and vomit” or (2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
741 NUM 11 20 r2iy figs-rquestion 0 Why did we leave Egypt? The people had used this question to express regret and to complain. Alternate translation: “We never should have left Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
742 NUM 11 21 sej6 translate-numbers 0 600,000 people “six hundred thousand people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
743 NUM 11 22 tbn5 figs-rquestion 0 Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Should we catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them? Moses uses these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. Alternate translation: “We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
837 NUM 14 11 g9t8 figs-rquestion 0 How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs…them? Yahweh uses these questions to show that he was angry and had lost patience with the people. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs…them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
838 NUM 14 12 fg73 0 disinherit them “reject them from being my people.” This may imply that he would destroy them, and some versions translate it that way.
839 NUM 14 12 i52q figs-you 0 make from your own clan Here “your” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
840 NUM 14 14 ugy1 figs-metaphor 0 you are seen face to face Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. Alternate translation: “they have seen you” or 2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God’s face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you speak directly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. Alternate translation: “they have seen you” or (2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God’s face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you speak directly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
841 NUM 14 15 py5f figs-metaphor 0 as one man Killing them all at the same time is spoken of as killing them as one person. Alternate translation: “all at one time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
842 NUM 14 18 rp6d figs-abstractnouns 0 abundant in covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always faithfully loves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
843 NUM 14 18 gp2r figs-metaphor 0 He will by no means clear the guilty “he will certainly not clear guilty people.” Clearing away people’s sin is a metaphor for refusing to punish them. God would not clear away the sin of guilty people. Alternate translation: “He will always punish the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
889 NUM 15 13 ziu6 figs-metaphor 0 to produce an aroma that is pleasing to Yahweh “to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh.” Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to please Yahweh by offering it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
890 NUM 15 14 l1di figs-activepassive 0 he must make an offering made by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must burn an offering on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
891 NUM 15 14 b1ia figs-metaphor 0 to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh “to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh.” The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to please Yahweh by offering it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
892 NUM 15 15 wi5k 0 As you are, so also must be the traveler Possible meanings are 1) “You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh” or 2) “The same law applies to both you and the traveler” Possible meanings are (1) “You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh” or (2) “The same law applies to both you and the traveler”
893 NUM 15 15 l678 figs-explicit 0 He must act as you act before Yahweh “He must act as you act in Yahweh’s presence.” Because it says that they must act as the Israelites in Yahweh’s presence, it is implied that they must obey all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “he must act as you act and obey all of Yahweh’s commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
894 NUM 15 19 w5ic figs-activepassive 0 the food produced in the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the food that the land produces” or “the food that you produce in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
895 NUM 15 20 yt5q figs-metonymy 0 the first of your dough Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or 2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or (2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
896 NUM 15 20 i3c9 0 a loaf Calling it a loaf implies that they would cooked the dough first.
897 NUM 15 20 huf4 figs-idiom 0 to raise it up as a raised offering This idiom “raise it up” refers to offering it as a gift. Alternate translation: “to offer it as a gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
898 NUM 15 20 hum8 0 a raised offering from the threshing floor The offering is spoken of as being from the threshing floor because this is where they would separate the grain from the other parts of the plant.
906 NUM 15 26 scd4 figs-activepassive 0 all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will forgive all the community of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
907 NUM 15 27 de37 0 a female goat a year old “a 1-year-old female goat”
908 NUM 15 28 xn5j figs-activepassive 0 That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
909 NUM 15 30 i7a8 figs-metaphor 0 That person must be cut off from among his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: 1) “his people must send him away” or 2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or 3) “his people must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “his people must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “his people must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
910 NUM 15 31 jjv8 figs-metonymy 0 has broken my commandment Not obeying a commandment is spoken of as breaking it. Alternate translation: “has disobeyed my commandment” or “has not obeyed what I commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
911 NUM 15 31 d6w9 figs-metonymy 0 His sin will be on him Here “sin” represents either 1) punishment for that sin or 2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either 1) being punished or 2) being guilty. Alternate translation: 1) “I will punish him because of his sin” or 2) “I will consider him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here “sin” represents either (1) punishment for that sin or (2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either (1) being punished or (2) being guilty. Alternate translation: (1) “I will punish him because of his sin” or (2) “I will consider him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
912 NUM 15 34 rs36 figs-activepassive 0 it had not been declared what should be done with him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
913 NUM 15 35 hw5x figs-activepassive 0 The man must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put the man to death” or “The man must surely die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
914 NUM 15 38 k8rm 0 the descendants of Israel “the people of Israel”
1001 NUM 18 4 b6pc figs-you 0 They must join you “They” refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word “you” is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1002 NUM 18 4 nn6e figs-you 0 not come near you Here “you” is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1003 NUM 18 5 zaj3 figs-you 0 You must take responsibility Here “you” is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1004 NUM 18 5 lc1d figs-metonymy 0 so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again Possible meanings are 1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. Alternate translation: “so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again” or 2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. Alternate translation: “so that I do not punish the people of Israel again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. Alternate translation: “so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again” or (2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. Alternate translation: “so that I do not punish the people of Israel again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1005 NUM 18 6 ken5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron.
1006 NUM 18 6 y9nk figs-metaphor 0 They are a gift to you Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron. Alternate translation: “They are like a gift to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1007 NUM 18 6 h66d figs-metonymy 0 given to me Here “given” to God represents being set apart to serve God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which I have set apart for myself” or “and I have set them apart for myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1244 NUM 22 38 re6i figs-metaphor 0 the words that God puts into my mouth The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. Alternate translation: “the message that God wants me to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1245 NUM 22 39 lt48 translate-names 0 Kiriath Huzoth This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1246 NUM 22 40 e9l3 0 some meat “some of the meat from the sacrifices”
1247 NUM 22 41 sx5n 0 the high place of Baal Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means “the high place,” or 2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means “the high place,” or (2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal.
1248 NUM 23 intro kt51 0 # Numbers 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:7-10, 18-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cursing God’s people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
1249 NUM 23 1 js8j 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
1250 NUM 23 1 yr7z 0 prepare seven bulls and seven rams “kill seven bulls and seven rams as a sacrifice”
1275 NUM 23 18 d6y8 0 Balak…son of Zippor See how you translated these names in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
1276 NUM 23 19 q4wm figs-parallelism 0 Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out? Both of these questions mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1277 NUM 23 20 tga7 figs-activepassive 0 I have been commanded to bless This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has commanded me to bless the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1278 NUM 23 21 w1xp figs-parallelism 0 hardship in Jacob…trouble in Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) God has given Israel only good things or 2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) God has given Israel only good things or (2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1279 NUM 23 21 i4xz 0 shouts for their king are among them “they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king”
1280 NUM 23 22 bnk6 figs-simile 0 with strength like that of a wild ox This simile says that Yahweh’s great strength is equal to an ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1281 NUM 23 23 q3q1 figs-parallelism 0 There is no sorcery that works against Jacob…no fortune-telling harms Israel These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of Israel will be effective. Here “Jacob” is a metonym that refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1331 NUM 24 17 dbs9 figs-metonymy 0 out of Jacob Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “from among the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1332 NUM 24 17 ev9h figs-parallelism 0 a scepter will rise out of Israel This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Here “scepter” refers to a powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1333 NUM 24 17 m5w5 figs-metonymy 0 out of Israel Here “Israel” refers to future Israelites. Alternate translation: “from among the Israelites in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1334 NUM 24 17 evy3 0 shatter Moab’s leaders Possible meanings are 1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or 2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab. Possible meanings are (1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or (2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab.
1335 NUM 24 17 r3pg 0 all the descendants of Seth This also refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth.
1336 NUM 24 18 l7jt 0 General Information: Balaam finishes the first of his four prophecies.
1337 NUM 24 18 nu8t figs-activepassive 0 Edom will become a possession of Israel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Israelites will occupy Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1476 NUM 27 14 xyy8 0 you failed to honor me as holy “you did not treat me as holy”
1477 NUM 27 14 a4ny figs-synecdoche 0 before the eyes of the whole community Here the people of the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: “in front of the whole community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1478 NUM 27 14 u1wv 0 waters of Meribah See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 20:13](../20/13.md).
1479 NUM 27 16 z8x6 figs-synecdoche 0 the God of the spirits of all humanity Possible meaning are 1) here “spirits” refers to all people.” Alternate translation: “the God over all of humanity” or 2) the reference to “spirits” refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate translation: “the God who gives breath to all people” or “the God who give life to all humanity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meaning are (1) here “spirits” refers to all people.” Alternate translation: “the God over all of humanity” or (2) the reference to “spirits” refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate translation: “the God who gives breath to all people” or “the God who give life to all humanity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1480 NUM 27 16 zz8p figs-idiom 0 a man over the community To be “over” a group of people means to have authority to lead them. Alternate translation: “a man to lead the community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1481 NUM 27 17 s1me figs-idiom 0 a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in This is an idiom that means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1482 NUM 27 17 t27b figs-simile 0 so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd This is a simile that means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1681 NUM 31 11 yll7 0 They took “The army of Israel took”
1682 NUM 31 11 ghi1 0 plunder This refers to the material goods they recovered from killing the Midianite men.
1683 NUM 31 12 zi9f 0 plains a large area of flat land
1684 NUM 31 14 r7xx translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1685 NUM 31 15 q7z6 figs-rquestion 0 Have you let all the women live? The law was explicit on who would be permitted to live. The army violated the law by allowing all the women and children to live. This was a rebuke to the army leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1686 NUM 31 16 zwr2 figs-idiom 0 Look This word is used here to draw the audience’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1687 NUM 31 17 x8nq figs-euphemism 0 has known a man by lying with him “has had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1730 NUM 31 46 ad6b translate-numbers 0 sixteen thousand women “16,000 women.” It has been stated earlier that all the males and the married women captives were put to death (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1731 NUM 31 47 kg6l translate-numbers 0 General Information: Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1732 NUM 31 47 kg6m translate-numbers 0 General Information: The tax on the people’s portion was higher than the tax on the soldiers’ portion.
1733 NUM 31 48 vf7u translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1734 NUM 31 49 f2pw 0 Your servants have counted The commanders refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
1735 NUM 31 49 v7td figs-litotes 0 not one man is missing This can be stated in a positive statement. “we know for certain that every man is here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1736 NUM 31 50 xin3 0 General Information: The officers of the army continue speaking to Moses.
1738 NUM 31 50 zw94 0 to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh “to thank God for saving our lives”
1739 NUM 31 51 q5dj 0 the gold and all the articles of craftsmanship “all the articles of gold” or “all the golden jewelry”
1740 NUM 31 52 grf3 0 All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed “All the gold of the offering that the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds gave to Yahweh weighed”
1741 NUM 31 52 qri3 translate-numbers 0 from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1742 NUM 31 52 b57h translate-numbers 0 16750 “sixteen thousand, seven hundred and fifty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1743 NUM 31 52 gj47 translate-bmoney 0 shekels A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1744 NUM 31 54 r1uq 0 as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites.
1780 NUM 32 21 w22a figs-metaphor 0 until he has driven out his enemies from before him “until Yahweh has driven out his enemies from his presence.” The pronouns here all refer to Yahweh. Yahweh enabling the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were fighting their battles. Alternate translation: “until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and force them away from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1781 NUM 32 22 he19 figs-metonymy 0 the land is subdued before him Here the word “land” refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in his presence the Israelites have subdued the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1782 NUM 32 22 i7x4 figs-explicit 0 you may return It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. Alternate translation: “you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1783 NUM 32 22 rj5v 0 You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel Possible meanings are 1) “You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel” or 2) “There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you.” Possible meanings are (1) “You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel” or (2) “There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you.”
1784 NUM 32 23 g2nz figs-personification 0 Be sure that your sin will find you out Moses speaks of sin as if it were a person who will condemn the guilty person. This means that the people cannot escape the punishment that their sin deserves. Alternate translation: “Know for sure that Yahweh will punish you for your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1785 NUM 32 25 ygw2 0 Your servants The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority.
1786 NUM 32 27 j571 figs-explicit 0 will cross over You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. Alternate translation: “will cross over the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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en_tn_05-DEU.tsv
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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ DEU 1 45 yrs7 0 returned and wept “returned to Kadesh and wept”
DEU 2 intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
DEU 2 1 ys5a 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU 2 1 b9af 0 Then we turned and took our journey “Then we turned around and went”
DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
DEU 2 1 r626 translate-names 0 Mount Seir This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 2 1 lng2 0 many days Some languages translate this as “many nights.”
DEU 2 4 t4vc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ DEU 3 11 nd7p 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of
DEU 3 11 ju5n writing-background 0 For of the remnant…the way people measure This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU 3 11 mdg3 0 Rephaim See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
DEU 3 11 i4qm 0 Look! “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.”
DEU 3 11 ev4b figs-rquestion 0 Was it not in Rabbah,…live? The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or 2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU 3 11 ev4b figs-rquestion 0 Was it not in Rabbah,…live? The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU 3 11 b98u translate-bdistance 0 cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
DEU 3 11 z43d 0 the way people measure “according to the cubit most people use”
DEU 3 12 ac8k 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past.
@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ DEU 4 25 sw65 0 you beget…Yahweh your God The words “you” and “your”
DEU 4 25 txa1 0 beget become the father of, or become the ancestor of
DEU 4 25 r6pb 0 if you corrupt yourselves “if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
DEU 4 25 v824 figs-idiom 0 do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 4 26 lbi9 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU 4 26 lbi9 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU 4 26 tz2p figs-metaphor 0 you will not prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 4 26 eme2 figs-hyperbole 0 but you will be completely destroyed As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 4 27 yy63 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ DEU 5 intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatt
DEU 5 1 d5qb 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU 5 1 vj47 figs-hyperbole 0 called to all Israel Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DEU 5 1 rwb1 figs-synecdoche 0 that I will speak in your ears today Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 5 3 hf3s 0 Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
DEU 5 3 hf3s 0 Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
DEU 5 4 ijj6 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 5 4 h6t4 figs-idiom 0 face to face Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 5 4 n291 0 on the mount “on the mountain”
@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ DEU 7 19 a3ur figs-synecdoche 0 that your eyes saw Here “eyes” represent th
DEU 7 19 ph4a figs-metaphor 0 the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 7 20 xr3w figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 7 20 pwt4 0 Moreover, Yahweh “And also, Yahweh”
DEU 7 20 sji2 0 send the hornet Possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.
DEU 7 20 sji2 0 send the hornet Possible meanings are (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.
DEU 7 20 w9sm figs-idiom 0 perish from your presence This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die so you do not see them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 7 21 at6h 0 You will not “Never”
DEU 7 21 v7bu 0 a great and fearsome God “a great and awesome God” or “a great God who causes the people to fear”
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ DEU 8 17 sd9i figs-metonymy 0 but you may say in your heart This is the third t
DEU 8 17 g2bf figs-metonymy 0 My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 8 18 ftx1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 8 18 nl2a figs-idiom 0 But you will call to mind This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 8 18 g9fc 0 that he may establish Possible meanings are 1) “in this way he establishes” or 2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.”
DEU 8 18 g9fc 0 that he may establish Possible meanings are (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.”
DEU 8 18 i5v9 0 that he may “so he can”
DEU 8 18 axw6 0 establish cause to stand or to remain
DEU 8 18 in9j 0 as it is today “as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now”
@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ DEU 10 20 m1qe 0 him will you worship “he is the one you must worship”
DEU 10 20 zn42 figs-metaphor 0 To him you must cling To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 10 20 t17w figs-metonymy 0 by his name will you swear To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 10 21 d1ih figs-synecdoche 0 which your eyes have seen Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 10 21 ltw9 0 He is your praise Possible meanings are 1) “He is the one you must praise” or 2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you”
DEU 10 21 ltw9 0 He is your praise Possible meanings are (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you”
DEU 10 22 es8i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 10 22 p41a 0 went down into Egypt “traveled south to Egypt” or “went to Egypt”
DEU 10 22 ap9n translate-numbers 0 seventy persons “70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ DEU 11 8 b5ga 0 possess the land “take the land”
DEU 11 8 z7fm 0 where you are going over to possess it The phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan.
DEU 11 9 h376 figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 11 9 gfv3 figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 11 10 nbu8 figs-metonymy 0 watered it with your foot Possible meanings are 1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or 2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 11 10 nbu8 figs-metonymy 0 watered it with your foot Possible meanings are (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 11 10 kfl7 0 garden of herbs “vegetable garden” or “garden of vegetables”
DEU 11 11 wn5t figs-personification 0 drinks water of the rain of the heavens The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU 11 12 a1x8 figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it Here “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ DEU 17 15 q7px figs-doublet 0 a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourse
DEU 17 16 pr1w figs-quotesinquotes 0 for Yahweh had said to you, ‘You will never return that way again.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU 17 17 zj8g figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart does not turn away Here “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 17 18 tt3z figs-metonymy 0 When he sits on the throne of his kingdom Here “throne” represents the person’s power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 17 18 h6x6 0 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law Possible meanings are 1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or 2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him”
DEU 17 18 h6x6 0 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law Possible meanings are (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him”
DEU 17 18 xh2p 0 from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites “from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep”
DEU 17 19 f877 figs-parallelism 0 so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 17 20 b7e5 figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers Here “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ DEU 21 14 ft5h figs-explicit 0 But if you take no delight in her You may need t
DEU 21 14 m4xj 0 let her go where she wishes “let her go wherever she wants to go”
DEU 21 14 p6ul 0 because you have humiliated her “because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away”
DEU 21 15 s91j 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 21 15 v2gp figs-activepassive 0 one is loved and the other is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or 2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 15 v2gp figs-activepassive 0 one is loved and the other is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 15 jg5e figs-activepassive 0 if the firstborn son is of her that is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 16 f8q7 0 then on the day that the man “when the man”
DEU 21 16 ym4g 0 the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses “the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance”
@ -1438,9 +1438,9 @@ DEU 21 21 dpr6 figs-explicit 0 will hear of it and fear The full meaning of thi
DEU 21 22 bv2t figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 21 22 nh6m 0 If a man has committed a sin worthy of death “If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him”
DEU 21 22 h9vx figs-activepassive 0 he is put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree Possible meanings are 1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or 2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post”
DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree Possible meanings are (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post”
DEU 21 23 y9lb 0 bury him the same day “bury him on the same day as when you execute him”
DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and 2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 23 i54a 0 do not defile the land by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree
DEU 22 intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people’s sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 22 1 b8pa figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ DEU 22 30 hh8b figs-explicit 0 must not take his father’s wife as his own The
DEU 23 intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
DEU 23 1 r8v9 0 man injured by crushing or cutting off “man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off”
DEU 23 1 z8kb figs-idiom 0 may enter the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute.
DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child Possible meanings are (1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or (2) a child born to a prostitute.
DEU 23 2 eh16 translate-ordinal 0 as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate child’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU 23 2 i3u2 0 none of them “none of these descendants”
DEU 23 3 zk3j figs-idiom 0 may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ DEU 23 4 l814 figs-you 0 against you…curse you Moses speaks to the Israelites
DEU 23 5 nd5k figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 23 5 zpa9 figs-idiom 0 would not listen This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 23 5 ag3p 0 turned the curse into a blessing for you “had him bless you and not curse you”
DEU 23 6 nk42 0 You must never seek their peace or prosperity Possible meanings are 1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or 2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” .
DEU 23 6 nk42 0 You must never seek their peace or prosperity Possible meanings are (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” .
DEU 23 6 nxp6 figs-idiom 0 during all your days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 23 7 erl6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 23 7 pb1s 0 You must not detest an Edomite “Do not hate an Edomite”
@ -1560,7 +1560,7 @@ DEU 23 15 ba2u figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites a
DEU 23 15 cfk6 figs-explicit 0 a slave who has escaped from his master The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU 23 16 c3m8 0 Let him live with you “Let the slave live among your people”
DEU 23 17 kr1e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 23 17 cmz6 figs-euphemism 0 cultic prostitute…among any of the daughters…among the sons Possible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU 23 17 cmz6 figs-euphemism 0 cultic prostitute…among any of the daughters…among the sons Possible meanings are that Moses (1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or (2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU 23 18 i3pv 0 You must not bring the wages of a prostitute…into the house “A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money…into the house”
DEU 23 18 cdx2 0 a dog a man who allows men to have sex with him for money
DEU 23 18 p7wu 0 into the house of Yahweh your God “into the temple”
@ -1677,7 +1677,7 @@ DEU 25 3 s8b7 figs-synecdoche 0 humiliated before your eyes Here the people are
DEU 25 4 zw1w 0 You must not muzzle the ox “You must not put something over the mouth of an ox”
DEU 25 4 jy42 0 when he treads out the grain while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it
DEU 25 5 w7si 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 25 5 a1gx 0 If brothers live together Possible meanings are: 1) “If brothers live on the same property” or 2) “If brothers live near each other.”
DEU 25 5 a1gx 0 If brothers live together Possible meanings are: (1) “If brothers live on the same property” or (2) “If brothers live near each other.”
DEU 25 5 e3vx figs-activepassive 0 then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 25 5 y2p8 figs-euphemism 0 shall go in to her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “shall have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU 25 5 j4zw 0 do the duty of a husband’s brother to her “do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do”
@ -1758,7 +1758,7 @@ DEU 26 17 v3dx figs-parallelism 0 that you will walk in his ways and keep his s
DEU 26 18 c7hk figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 26 18 wri1 0 a people who are his own possession “a people who belong to him”
DEU 26 19 q8jb figs-idiom 0 he will set you high above This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor Possible meanings are 1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or 2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.”
DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor Possible meanings are (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.”
DEU 26 19 lg4i figs-metaphor 0 You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 27 intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “May the man be cursed”<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
DEU 27 1 mu7e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ DEU 30 17 a2vl figs-synecdoche 0 if your heart turns away…but instead are dra
DEU 30 18 sr3z figs-you 0 to you today that you…you will not prolong your days Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 30 18 ee9y figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 30 19 t3ji figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 30 19 gap6 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 30 19 gap6 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 30 19 qj9t 0 to witness against you “to be willing to say that you have done evil things”
DEU 30 19 wxe8 figs-you 0 against you today Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 30 20 k5mz figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here “voice” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2116,17 +2116,17 @@ DEU 31 27 dc8v figs-you 0 your rebellion and your stiff neck Moses speaks to th
DEU 31 27 e3am 0 your stiff neck See how you translated “stubborn” in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md).
DEU 31 27 yin7 figs-rquestion 0 how much more after my death? This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU 31 28 ge9z figs-synecdoche 0 so that I may speak these words in their ears Here “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 31 28 rbf8 figs-metonymy 0 call heaven and earth to witness against them Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 31 28 rbf8 figs-metonymy 0 call heaven and earth to witness against them Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 31 29 h4je 0 you will utterly corrupt yourselves “you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
DEU 31 29 w6b1 0 turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you “stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md).
DEU 31 29 yvi1 figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 31 29 i596 figs-synecdoche 0 through the work of your hands Here “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 31 30 upf2 figs-synecdoche 0 Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel Here “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited Possible meanings are 1) “sang” or 2) “spoke.”
DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited Possible meanings are (1) “sang” or (2) “spoke.”
DEU 31 30 wx6q figs-ellipsis 0 the words of this song You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU 32 intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
DEU 32 1 bfi8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 32 2 zk7l figs-simile 0 Let my teaching drop down like the rain…and like the showers on the plants This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU 32 2 x67x 0 distill Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears.
DEU 32 2 s3mw 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings
@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@ DEU 32 23 g9k3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic so
DEU 32 23 p1xb figs-metaphor 0 I will heap disasters on them Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that many bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 32 23 ys8x figs-metaphor 0 I will shoot all my arrows at them Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. Alternate translation: “I will do all I can do to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 32 24 vr46 figs-activepassive 0 They will be wasted by hunger This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “hunger” can be translated as the verb “be hungry.” Alternate translation: “They will grow weak and die because they are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU 32 24 sj74 figs-activepassive 0 They will…hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction Possible meanings of “burning heat” are 1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or 2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will…hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will…hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 32 24 sj74 figs-activepassive 0 They will…hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction Possible meanings of “burning heat” are (1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or (2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will…hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will…hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 32 24 l8d2 figs-synecdoche 0 I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate translation: “I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 32 25 ci4t figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 32 25 fy8e figs-metonymy 0 Outside the sword will bereave Here “sword” represents the army of the enemy. Alternate translation: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2261,12 +2261,12 @@ DEU 32 42 ml4t 0 from the heads of the leaders of the enemy A possible meaning
DEU 32 43 mm3z figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This is the end of Moses’ song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 32 43 hzi1 figs-metonymy 0 Rejoice, you nations Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 32 43 h5mv figs-metonymy 0 for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies Here “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 32 44 q6l6 0 recited Possible meanings are 1) “spoke” or 2) “sang.”
DEU 32 44 q6l6 0 recited Possible meanings are (1) “spoke” or (2) “sang.”
DEU 32 44 zdk4 figs-synecdoche 0 in the ears of the people Here “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 32 45 a69v 0 reciting Possible meanings are 1) “speaking” or 2) “singing.”
DEU 32 45 a69v 0 reciting Possible meanings are (1) “speaking” or (2) “singing.”
DEU 32 46 llt8 0 He said to them “Moses said to the people of Israel”
DEU 32 46 sqq3 figs-idiom 0 Fix your mind on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 32 46 iw4n 0 I have witnessed to you Possible meanings are 1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or 2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do.
DEU 32 46 iw4n 0 I have witnessed to you Possible meanings are (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do.
DEU 32 46 a9uh 0 your children “your children and descendants”
DEU 32 47 v8tt 0 this is “this law is”
DEU 32 47 wd7v figs-litotes 0 no trivial matter This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ DEU 33 1 p6db figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses begins to bless the
DEU 33 2 b26n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 2 d9h2 0 upon them “upon the people of Israel”
DEU 33 2 d89e translate-numbers 0 ten thousands of holy ones “10,000 angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU 33 2 v2fc 0 In his right hand were flashes of lightning Other possible meanings are 1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or 2) “He gave them a law of fire” or 3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.”
DEU 33 2 v2fc 0 In his right hand were flashes of lightning Other possible meanings are (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.”
DEU 33 3 dj5y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 3 pjq4 0 the peoples “the people of Israel”
DEU 33 3 uuu1 figs-pronouns 0 all his holy ones are in your hand…your feet…your words The pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahweh’s holy ones are in his hand…his feet…his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -2296,7 +2296,7 @@ DEU 33 5 eer4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Verse 5 is difficult to u
DEU 33 5 c2d9 0 there was a king “Yahweh became king”
DEU 33 5 g63w 0 Jeshurun This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md).
DEU 33 6 xmf7 0 Let Reuben live This begins Moses’ blessings to the individual tribes of Israel.
DEU 33 6 qs86 0 but may his men be few Other possible meanings are 1) “and may his men not be few” or 2) “even though his men are few.”
DEU 33 6 qs86 0 but may his men be few Other possible meanings are (1) “and may his men not be few” or (2) “even though his men are few.”
DEU 33 7 e9mj figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 7 hxx8 figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Judah Here “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 33 7 v8f7 figs-abstractnouns 0 be a help The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help him to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -2320,7 +2320,7 @@ DEU 33 11 d2c2 figs-idiom 0 rise up against This is an idiom. Alternate transla
DEU 33 12 c4ca figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 12 wbv9 figs-activepassive 0 The one loved by Yahweh lives Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 33 12 rf48 figs-abstractnouns 0 lives in security The abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU 33 12 t7re 0 he lives between Yahweh’s arms Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.
DEU 33 12 t7re 0 he lives between Yahweh’s arms Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.
DEU 33 13 bn1r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 13 l4ua 0 About Joseph This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph.
DEU 33 13 vty3 figs-metonymy 0 May his land be blessed by Yahweh The word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2350,10 +2350,10 @@ DEU 33 18 g9eh figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless
DEU 33 18 m1l6 figs-explicit 0 Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU 33 19 bwp6 0 There will they offer “It is there that they will offer”
DEU 33 19 h5jn 0 sacrifices of righteousness “acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices”
DEU 33 19 ime2 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore Possible meanings are 1) they will trade with people across the sea or 2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.
DEU 33 19 ime2 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore Possible meanings are (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.
DEU 33 19 cl5x figs-metaphor 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas The Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother’s breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 20 r21i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 20 sb7w figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be he who enlarges Gad This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or 2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 33 20 sb7w figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be he who enlarges Gad This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 33 20 qa5j figs-simile 0 He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU 33 21 ypm2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 21 nad9 0 the leader’s portion This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took.
@ -2377,16 +2377,16 @@ DEU 33 27 bk5r figs-metaphor 0 underneath are the everlasting arms The words
DEU 33 27 hrf2 figs-pastforfuture 0 He thrust out…he said Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out…he will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
DEU 33 27 zfz8 figs-you 0 before you…Destroy Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 33 27 an79 figs-quotations 0 he said, “Destroy!” If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU 33 28 c8xi figs-pastforfuture 0 Israel dwelt…Jacob’s spring was secure Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or 2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
DEU 33 28 cp65 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s spring Possible meanings are 1) Jacob’s home or 2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 33 28 ze3a figs-metaphor 0 let his heavens drop dew The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are 1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or 2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 28 c8xi figs-pastforfuture 0 Israel dwelt…Jacob’s spring was secure Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
DEU 33 28 cp65 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s spring Possible meanings are (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 33 28 ze3a figs-metaphor 0 let his heavens drop dew The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 28 qcg6 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
DEU 33 29 hn5q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 33 29 q9sn figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh…majesty? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved…majesty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 33 29 n3du figs-merism 0 the shield…the sword This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU 33 29 tm9a figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your help The word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU 33 29 cur3 figs-metaphor 0 the sword of your majesty The word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
DEU 34 intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses’ death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 34 1 ayb8 0 Mount Nebo This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md).
DEU 34 1 r9wl 0 Pisgah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
107 DEU 2 intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
108 DEU 2 1 ys5a 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
109 DEU 2 1 b9af 0 Then we turned and took our journey “Then we turned around and went”
110 DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time. Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
111 DEU 2 1 r626 translate-names 0 Mount Seir This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
112 DEU 2 1 lng2 0 many days Some languages translate this as “many nights.”
113 DEU 2 4 t4vc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
239 DEU 3 11 ju5n writing-background 0 For of the remnant…the way people measure This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
240 DEU 3 11 mdg3 0 Rephaim See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
241 DEU 3 11 i4qm 0 Look! “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.”
242 DEU 3 11 ev4b figs-rquestion 0 Was it not in Rabbah,…live? The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or 2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
243 DEU 3 11 b98u translate-bdistance 0 cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
244 DEU 3 11 z43d 0 the way people measure “according to the cubit most people use”
245 DEU 3 12 ac8k 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past.
338 DEU 4 25 txa1 0 beget become the father of, or become the ancestor of
339 DEU 4 25 r6pb 0 if you corrupt yourselves “if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
340 DEU 4 25 v824 figs-idiom 0 do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
341 DEU 4 26 lbi9 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
342 DEU 4 26 tz2p figs-metaphor 0 you will not prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343 DEU 4 26 eme2 figs-hyperbole 0 but you will be completely destroyed As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
344 DEU 4 27 yy63 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
386 DEU 5 1 d5qb 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
387 DEU 5 1 vj47 figs-hyperbole 0 called to all Israel Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
388 DEU 5 1 rwb1 figs-synecdoche 0 that I will speak in your ears today Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
389 DEU 5 3 hf3s 0 Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
390 DEU 5 4 ijj6 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
391 DEU 5 4 h6t4 figs-idiom 0 face to face Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
392 DEU 5 4 n291 0 on the mount “on the mountain”
535 DEU 7 19 ph4a figs-metaphor 0 the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
536 DEU 7 20 xr3w figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
537 DEU 7 20 pwt4 0 Moreover, Yahweh “And also, Yahweh”
538 DEU 7 20 sji2 0 send the hornet Possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away. Possible meanings are (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.
539 DEU 7 20 w9sm figs-idiom 0 perish from your presence This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die so you do not see them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
540 DEU 7 21 at6h 0 You will not “Never”
541 DEU 7 21 v7bu 0 a great and fearsome God “a great and awesome God” or “a great God who causes the people to fear”
609 DEU 8 17 g2bf figs-metonymy 0 My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
610 DEU 8 18 ftx1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
611 DEU 8 18 nl2a figs-idiom 0 But you will call to mind This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
612 DEU 8 18 g9fc 0 that he may establish Possible meanings are 1) “in this way he establishes” or 2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.” Possible meanings are (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.”
613 DEU 8 18 i5v9 0 that he may “so he can”
614 DEU 8 18 axw6 0 establish cause to stand or to remain
615 DEU 8 18 in9j 0 as it is today “as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now”
749 DEU 10 20 zn42 figs-metaphor 0 To him you must cling To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750 DEU 10 20 t17w figs-metonymy 0 by his name will you swear To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
751 DEU 10 21 d1ih figs-synecdoche 0 which your eyes have seen Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
752 DEU 10 21 ltw9 0 He is your praise Possible meanings are 1) “He is the one you must praise” or 2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you” Possible meanings are (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you”
753 DEU 10 22 es8i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
754 DEU 10 22 p41a 0 went down into Egypt “traveled south to Egypt” or “went to Egypt”
755 DEU 10 22 ap9n translate-numbers 0 seventy persons “70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
779 DEU 11 8 z7fm 0 where you are going over to possess it The phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan.
780 DEU 11 9 h376 figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
781 DEU 11 9 gfv3 figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
782 DEU 11 10 nbu8 figs-metonymy 0 watered it with your foot Possible meanings are 1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or 2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
783 DEU 11 10 kfl7 0 garden of herbs “vegetable garden” or “garden of vegetables”
784 DEU 11 11 wn5t figs-personification 0 drinks water of the rain of the heavens The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
785 DEU 11 12 a1x8 figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it Here “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1190 DEU 17 16 pr1w figs-quotesinquotes 0 for Yahweh had said to you, ‘You will never return that way again.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1191 DEU 17 17 zj8g figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart does not turn away Here “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1192 DEU 17 18 tt3z figs-metonymy 0 When he sits on the throne of his kingdom Here “throne” represents the person’s power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193 DEU 17 18 h6x6 0 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law Possible meanings are 1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or 2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him” Possible meanings are (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him”
1194 DEU 17 18 xh2p 0 from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites “from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep”
1195 DEU 17 19 f877 figs-parallelism 0 so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1196 DEU 17 20 b7e5 figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers Here “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1415 DEU 21 14 m4xj 0 let her go where she wishes “let her go wherever she wants to go”
1416 DEU 21 14 p6ul 0 because you have humiliated her “because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away”
1417 DEU 21 15 s91j 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1418 DEU 21 15 v2gp figs-activepassive 0 one is loved and the other is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or 2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1419 DEU 21 15 jg5e figs-activepassive 0 if the firstborn son is of her that is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1420 DEU 21 16 f8q7 0 then on the day that the man “when the man”
1421 DEU 21 16 ym4g 0 the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses “the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance”
1438 DEU 21 22 bv2t figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1439 DEU 21 22 nh6m 0 If a man has committed a sin worthy of death “If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him”
1440 DEU 21 22 h9vx figs-activepassive 0 he is put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1441 DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree Possible meanings are 1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or 2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post” Possible meanings are (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post”
1442 DEU 21 23 y9lb 0 bury him the same day “bury him on the same day as when you execute him”
1443 DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and 2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1444 DEU 21 23 i54a 0 do not defile the land by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree
1445 DEU 22 intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people’s sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
1446 DEU 22 1 b8pa figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1529 DEU 23 intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1530 DEU 23 1 r8v9 0 man injured by crushing or cutting off “man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off”
1531 DEU 23 1 z8kb figs-idiom 0 may enter the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1532 DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute. Possible meanings are (1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or (2) a child born to a prostitute.
1533 DEU 23 2 eh16 translate-ordinal 0 as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate child’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1534 DEU 23 2 i3u2 0 none of them “none of these descendants”
1535 DEU 23 3 zk3j figs-idiom 0 may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1539 DEU 23 5 nd5k figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1540 DEU 23 5 zpa9 figs-idiom 0 would not listen This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1541 DEU 23 5 ag3p 0 turned the curse into a blessing for you “had him bless you and not curse you”
1542 DEU 23 6 nk42 0 You must never seek their peace or prosperity Possible meanings are 1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or 2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” . Possible meanings are (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” .
1543 DEU 23 6 nxp6 figs-idiom 0 during all your days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1544 DEU 23 7 erl6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1545 DEU 23 7 pb1s 0 You must not detest an Edomite “Do not hate an Edomite”
1560 DEU 23 15 cfk6 figs-explicit 0 a slave who has escaped from his master The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1561 DEU 23 16 c3m8 0 Let him live with you “Let the slave live among your people”
1562 DEU 23 17 kr1e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1563 DEU 23 17 cmz6 figs-euphemism 0 cultic prostitute…among any of the daughters…among the sons Possible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) Possible meanings are that Moses (1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or (2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1564 DEU 23 18 i3pv 0 You must not bring the wages of a prostitute…into the house “A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money…into the house”
1565 DEU 23 18 cdx2 0 a dog a man who allows men to have sex with him for money
1566 DEU 23 18 p7wu 0 into the house of Yahweh your God “into the temple”
1677 DEU 25 4 zw1w 0 You must not muzzle the ox “You must not put something over the mouth of an ox”
1678 DEU 25 4 jy42 0 when he treads out the grain while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it
1679 DEU 25 5 w7si 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
1680 DEU 25 5 a1gx 0 If brothers live together Possible meanings are: 1) “If brothers live on the same property” or 2) “If brothers live near each other.” Possible meanings are: (1) “If brothers live on the same property” or (2) “If brothers live near each other.”
1681 DEU 25 5 e3vx figs-activepassive 0 then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1682 DEU 25 5 y2p8 figs-euphemism 0 shall go in to her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “shall have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1683 DEU 25 5 j4zw 0 do the duty of a husband’s brother to her “do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do”
1758 DEU 26 18 c7hk figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1759 DEU 26 18 wri1 0 a people who are his own possession “a people who belong to him”
1760 DEU 26 19 q8jb figs-idiom 0 he will set you high above This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1761 DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor Possible meanings are 1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or 2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.” Possible meanings are (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.”
1762 DEU 26 19 lg4i figs-metaphor 0 You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1763 DEU 27 intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “May the man be cursed”<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
1764 DEU 27 1 mu7e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2054 DEU 30 18 sr3z figs-you 0 to you today that you…you will not prolong your days Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2055 DEU 30 18 ee9y figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2056 DEU 30 19 t3ji figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2057 DEU 30 19 gap6 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2058 DEU 30 19 qj9t 0 to witness against you “to be willing to say that you have done evil things”
2059 DEU 30 19 wxe8 figs-you 0 against you today Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2060 DEU 30 20 k5mz figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here “voice” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2116 DEU 31 27 e3am 0 your stiff neck See how you translated “stubborn” in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md).
2117 DEU 31 27 yin7 figs-rquestion 0 how much more after my death? This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2118 DEU 31 28 ge9z figs-synecdoche 0 so that I may speak these words in their ears Here “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2119 DEU 31 28 rbf8 figs-metonymy 0 call heaven and earth to witness against them Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2120 DEU 31 29 h4je 0 you will utterly corrupt yourselves “you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
2121 DEU 31 29 w6b1 0 turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you “stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md).
2122 DEU 31 29 yvi1 figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2123 DEU 31 29 i596 figs-synecdoche 0 through the work of your hands Here “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2124 DEU 31 30 upf2 figs-synecdoche 0 Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel Here “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2125 DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited Possible meanings are 1) “sang” or 2) “spoke.” Possible meanings are (1) “sang” or (2) “spoke.”
2126 DEU 31 30 wx6q figs-ellipsis 0 the words of this song You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2127 DEU 32 intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
2128 DEU 32 1 bfi8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2129 DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2130 DEU 32 2 zk7l figs-simile 0 Let my teaching drop down like the rain…and like the showers on the plants This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2131 DEU 32 2 x67x 0 distill Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears.
2132 DEU 32 2 s3mw 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings
2203 DEU 32 23 p1xb figs-metaphor 0 I will heap disasters on them Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that many bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2204 DEU 32 23 ys8x figs-metaphor 0 I will shoot all my arrows at them Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. Alternate translation: “I will do all I can do to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2205 DEU 32 24 vr46 figs-activepassive 0 They will be wasted by hunger This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “hunger” can be translated as the verb “be hungry.” Alternate translation: “They will grow weak and die because they are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2206 DEU 32 24 sj74 figs-activepassive 0 They will…hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction Possible meanings of “burning heat” are 1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or 2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will…hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will…hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings of “burning heat” are (1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or (2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will…hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will…hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2207 DEU 32 24 l8d2 figs-synecdoche 0 I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate translation: “I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2208 DEU 32 25 ci4t figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2209 DEU 32 25 fy8e figs-metonymy 0 Outside the sword will bereave Here “sword” represents the army of the enemy. Alternate translation: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2261 DEU 32 43 mm3z figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This is the end of Moses’ song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2262 DEU 32 43 hzi1 figs-metonymy 0 Rejoice, you nations Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2263 DEU 32 43 h5mv figs-metonymy 0 for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies Here “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2264 DEU 32 44 q6l6 0 recited Possible meanings are 1) “spoke” or 2) “sang.” Possible meanings are (1) “spoke” or (2) “sang.”
2265 DEU 32 44 zdk4 figs-synecdoche 0 in the ears of the people Here “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2266 DEU 32 45 a69v 0 reciting Possible meanings are 1) “speaking” or 2) “singing.” Possible meanings are (1) “speaking” or (2) “singing.”
2267 DEU 32 46 llt8 0 He said to them “Moses said to the people of Israel”
2268 DEU 32 46 sqq3 figs-idiom 0 Fix your mind on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2269 DEU 32 46 iw4n 0 I have witnessed to you Possible meanings are 1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or 2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do. Possible meanings are (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do.
2270 DEU 32 46 a9uh 0 your children “your children and descendants”
2271 DEU 32 47 v8tt 0 this is “this law is”
2272 DEU 32 47 wd7v figs-litotes 0 no trivial matter This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2286 DEU 33 2 b26n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2287 DEU 33 2 d9h2 0 upon them “upon the people of Israel”
2288 DEU 33 2 d89e translate-numbers 0 ten thousands of holy ones “10,000 angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2289 DEU 33 2 v2fc 0 In his right hand were flashes of lightning Other possible meanings are 1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or 2) “He gave them a law of fire” or 3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.” Other possible meanings are (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.”
2290 DEU 33 3 dj5y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2291 DEU 33 3 pjq4 0 the peoples “the people of Israel”
2292 DEU 33 3 uuu1 figs-pronouns 0 all his holy ones are in your hand…your feet…your words The pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahweh’s holy ones are in his hand…his feet…his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2296 DEU 33 5 c2d9 0 there was a king “Yahweh became king”
2297 DEU 33 5 g63w 0 Jeshurun This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md).
2298 DEU 33 6 xmf7 0 Let Reuben live This begins Moses’ blessings to the individual tribes of Israel.
2299 DEU 33 6 qs86 0 but may his men be few Other possible meanings are 1) “and may his men not be few” or 2) “even though his men are few.” Other possible meanings are (1) “and may his men not be few” or (2) “even though his men are few.”
2300 DEU 33 7 e9mj figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2301 DEU 33 7 hxx8 figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Judah Here “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2302 DEU 33 7 v8f7 figs-abstractnouns 0 be a help The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help him to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2320 DEU 33 12 c4ca figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2321 DEU 33 12 wbv9 figs-activepassive 0 The one loved by Yahweh lives Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2322 DEU 33 12 rf48 figs-abstractnouns 0 lives in security The abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2323 DEU 33 12 t7re 0 he lives between Yahweh’s arms Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.
2324 DEU 33 13 bn1r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2325 DEU 33 13 l4ua 0 About Joseph This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph.
2326 DEU 33 13 vty3 figs-metonymy 0 May his land be blessed by Yahweh The word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2350 DEU 33 18 m1l6 figs-explicit 0 Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2351 DEU 33 19 bwp6 0 There will they offer “It is there that they will offer”
2352 DEU 33 19 h5jn 0 sacrifices of righteousness “acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices”
2353 DEU 33 19 ime2 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore Possible meanings are 1) they will trade with people across the sea or 2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery. Possible meanings are (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.
2354 DEU 33 19 cl5x figs-metaphor 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas The Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother’s breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2355 DEU 33 20 r21i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2356 DEU 33 20 sb7w figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be he who enlarges Gad This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or 2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2357 DEU 33 20 qa5j figs-simile 0 He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2358 DEU 33 21 ypm2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2359 DEU 33 21 nad9 0 the leader’s portion This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took.
2377 DEU 33 27 hrf2 figs-pastforfuture 0 He thrust out…he said Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out…he will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2378 DEU 33 27 zfz8 figs-you 0 before you…Destroy Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2379 DEU 33 27 an79 figs-quotations 0 he said, “Destroy!” If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2380 DEU 33 28 c8xi figs-pastforfuture 0 Israel dwelt…Jacob’s spring was secure Possible meanings are 1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or 2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2381 DEU 33 28 cp65 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s spring Possible meanings are 1) Jacob’s home or 2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2382 DEU 33 28 ze3a figs-metaphor 0 let his heavens drop dew The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are 1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or 2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2383 DEU 33 28 qcg6 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
2384 DEU 33 29 hn5q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2385 DEU 33 29 q9sn figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh…majesty? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved…majesty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2386 DEU 33 29 n3du figs-merism 0 the shield…the sword This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2387 DEU 33 29 tm9a figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your help The word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2388 DEU 33 29 cur3 figs-metaphor 0 the sword of your majesty The word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2389 DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them. Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
2390 DEU 34 intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses’ death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
2391 DEU 34 1 ayb8 0 Mount Nebo This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md).
2392 DEU 34 1 r9wl 0 Pisgah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).

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en_tn_06-JOS.tsv
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ JOS 2 7 p4sx הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 fords places where a river o
JOS 2 8 ds5e figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 not yet lain down This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are (1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or (2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג 1 Sihon…Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ JOS 6 5 d5rg בִּ⁠מְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶן הַ⁠יּוֹ
JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָ⁠עִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַ⁠בְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or (2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 8 vk7j וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 they gave a blast on the trumpets “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS 6 8 ayf9 figs-explicit וַֽ⁠אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 6 10 ls5v figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִ⁠פִּי⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 No sound must leave your mouths Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ JOS 7 21 xw3j figs-activepassive טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּ⁠אָ֛רֶץ 1 Th
JOS 7 23 vh7i וַ⁠יַּצִּקֻ֖⁠ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
JOS 7 24 ta3l translate-names עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר 1 the Valley of Achor The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔⁠נוּ 1 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 7 25 i3rq וַ⁠יִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָ⁠ם֙ בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וַ⁠יִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בָּ⁠אֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS 7 25 i3rq וַ⁠יִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָ⁠ם֙ בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וַ⁠יִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בָּ⁠אֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or (2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or (3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵ⁠חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 26 hfq5 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ JOS 14 10 m9sn הִנֵּה֩ 1 look “pay attention, because what I am about
JOS 14 10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 while Israel walked in the wilderness “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
JOS 14 11 q443 כְּ⁠כֹ֥חִ⁠י אָ֖ז וּ⁠כְ⁠כֹ֣חִ⁠י עָ֑תָּה 1 My strength is now as my strength was then “I am still as strong now as I was then”
JOS 14 11 y4nf figs-idiom וְ⁠לָ⁠צֵ֥את וְ⁠לָ⁠בֽוֹא 1 for going and coming This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָ⁠הָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָ⁠הָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are (1) many large hills or small mountains or (2) one mountain.
JOS 14 12 ner3 translate-names עֲנָקִ֣ים 1 Anakim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 13 q6ae figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְ⁠כָלֵ֥ב 1 gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 14 gji6 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ JOS 17 3 u2e9 translate-names וְ⁠לִ⁠צְלָפְחָד֩…חֵ֨פֶ 1
JOS 17 3 k5z5 translate-names מַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה 1 Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 4 x2q2 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֨ר 1 Eleazar This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 4 q55m figs-metaphor לָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 to give to us an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 4 s6fd וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
JOS 17 4 s6fd וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are (1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or (2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
JOS 17 5 d1c3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels of land were assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 5 z7zr חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels “Ten portions”
JOS 17 6 d9gb figs-metaphor נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 received an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ JOS 17 7 dfe9 translate-names הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָ֔ת…תַּפּֽוּ
JOS 17 9 k7gp הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ 1 The border “The border of Manasseh’s land”
JOS 17 9 l2af נַ֨חַל 1 brook a very small river
JOS 17 9 qvi8 translate-names קָנָ֜ה 1 Kanah name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are (1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or (2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 10 fj36 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח 1 to the east, Issachar The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 17 11 s1sn translate-names בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת 1 Beth Shan…Ibleam…Dor…Endor…Taanach…Megiddo…Napheth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 14 b4j6 figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ JOS 23 2 vyz9 figs-doublet זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּ⁠יּ
JOS 23 4 t22f הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 23 4 bf99 מְב֥וֹא הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
JOS 23 6 w84i figs-metaphor לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול 1 turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 7 mc72 לְ⁠בִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
JOS 23 7 mc72 לְ⁠בִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are (1) having close friendship with them or (2) intermarrying with them.
JOS 23 7 vkw6 תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙ 1 mention to speak of
JOS 23 7 wbj7 אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֤ 1 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
JOS 23 8 k6my figs-metaphor בַּ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ 1 cling to Yahweh “hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
53 JOS 2 8 ds5e figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 not yet lain down This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
54 JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
55 JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56 JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are (1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or (2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57 JOS 2 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
58 JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
59 JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג 1 Sihon…Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172 JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָ⁠עִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
173 JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
174 JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַ⁠בְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
175 JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or (2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
176 JOS 6 8 vk7j וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 they gave a blast on the trumpets “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
177 JOS 6 8 ayf9 figs-explicit וַֽ⁠אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
178 JOS 6 10 ls5v figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִ⁠פִּי⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 No sound must leave your mouths Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
255 JOS 7 23 vh7i וַ⁠יַּצִּקֻ֖⁠ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
256 JOS 7 24 ta3l translate-names עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר 1 the Valley of Achor The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
257 JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔⁠נוּ 1 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
258 JOS 7 25 i3rq וַ⁠יִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָ⁠ם֙ בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וַ⁠יִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בָּ⁠אֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned. Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or (2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or (3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
259 JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵ⁠חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260 JOS 7 26 hfq5 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
261 JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
505 JOS 14 10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 while Israel walked in the wilderness “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
506 JOS 14 11 q443 כְּ⁠כֹ֥חִ⁠י אָ֖ז וּ⁠כְ⁠כֹ֣חִ⁠י עָ֑תָּה 1 My strength is now as my strength was then “I am still as strong now as I was then”
507 JOS 14 11 y4nf figs-idiom וְ⁠לָ⁠צֵ֥את וְ⁠לָ⁠בֽוֹא 1 for going and coming This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
508 JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָ⁠הָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain. Possible meanings are (1) many large hills or small mountains or (2) one mountain.
509 JOS 14 12 ner3 translate-names עֲנָקִ֣ים 1 Anakim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
510 JOS 14 13 q6ae figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְ⁠כָלֵ֥ב 1 gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
511 JOS 14 14 gji6 עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
576 JOS 17 3 k5z5 translate-names מַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה 1 Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
577 JOS 17 4 x2q2 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֨ר 1 Eleazar This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
578 JOS 17 4 q55m figs-metaphor לָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 to give to us an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
579 JOS 17 4 s6fd וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.” Possible meanings are (1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or (2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
580 JOS 17 5 d1c3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels of land were assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
581 JOS 17 5 z7zr חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels “Ten portions”
582 JOS 17 6 d9gb figs-metaphor נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 received an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
586 JOS 17 9 k7gp הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ 1 The border “The border of Manasseh’s land”
587 JOS 17 9 l2af נַ֨חַל 1 brook a very small river
588 JOS 17 9 qvi8 translate-names קָנָ֜ה 1 Kanah name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
589 JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or (2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590 JOS 17 10 fj36 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח 1 to the east, Issachar The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
591 JOS 17 11 s1sn translate-names בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת 1 Beth Shan…Ibleam…Dor…Endor…Taanach…Megiddo…Napheth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
592 JOS 17 14 b4j6 figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
840 JOS 23 4 t22f הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
841 JOS 23 4 bf99 מְב֥וֹא הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
842 JOS 23 6 w84i figs-metaphor לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול 1 turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
843 JOS 23 7 mc72 לְ⁠בִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them. Possible meanings are (1) having close friendship with them or (2) intermarrying with them.
844 JOS 23 7 vkw6 תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙ 1 mention to speak of
845 JOS 23 7 wbj7 אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֤ 1 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
846 JOS 23 8 k6my figs-metaphor בַּ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ 1 cling to Yahweh “hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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en_tn_07-JDG.tsv
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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ JDG 1 35 uvw1 figs-metonymy 0 house of Joseph Here “house” represents desce
JDG 1 36 g7nx translate-names 0 the hill of Akrabbim This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 36 qr2w translate-names 0 Sela This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br>
JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh Possible meaning are 1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or 2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or 3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh Possible meaning are (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
JDG 2 1 q2ka 0 went up from Gilgal to Bokim “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
JDG 2 1 x66i translate-names 0 Bokim This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 1 te37 figs-ellipsis 0 and said It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders De
JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings…you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water Possible meanings are 1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or 2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water Possible meanings are (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 5 db6h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ JDG 5 11 v16w 0 General Information: The song of Deborah and Barak continues.
JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 12 q8vl writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are 1) the people of Israel or 2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or 3) the poet who wrote the song.
JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
JDG 5 12 jc43 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 12 qc51 0 Barak…Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 5 13 tl3e 0 to me with the warriors The word “me” refers to Deborah.
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ JDG 8 10 vw38 translate-names 0 Karkor This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc:/
JDG 8 10 bh2j translate-numbers 0 fifteen thousand men “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 10 p2iw figs-euphemism 0 had fallen This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 8 10 j3dk translate-numbers 0 120,000 men “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. Possible meanings are 1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or 2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. Possible meanings are (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 11 t81p figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon went up Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 11 y551 figs-synecdoche 0 He defeated Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 11 jbu9 translate-names 0 Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ JDG 9 9 ns1k 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling the parable he be
JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance…over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
JDG 9 9 ctc8 0 gods It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so possible meanings here are 1) “gods” or 2) “God.”
JDG 9 9 ctc8 0 gods It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so possible meanings here are (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
JDG 9 9 a9cy figs-metaphor 0 sway over To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness…over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ JDG 14 14 bdu6 0 his guests “the men at his feast”
JDG 14 14 mf31 figs-metaphor 0 could not find the answer Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 14 15 wrs2 translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day “day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 15 w5dc 0 Trick mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or 2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 14 15 t8sh figs-idiom 0 will burn up The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 15 si25 figs-rquestion 0 Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 15 sg4i figs-explicit 0 to make us poor They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ JDG 14 16 hr3k figs-parallelism 0 All you do is hate me! You do not love me Sam
JDG 14 16 d72a 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
JDG 14 16 j4gp 0 Look here This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JDG 14 16 zq8z figs-rquestion 0 if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted Possible meanings are 1) “during the seven days of their feast” or 2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted Possible meanings are (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
JDG 14 17 rfq6 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 17 xid1 figs-idiom 0 she pressured him very much Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 18 ui6t figs-explicit 0 the men of the city This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ JDG 15 16 dzp6 0 the jawbone of a donkey “a donkey’s jawbone”
JDG 15 16 dm4v figs-explicit 0 heaps upon heaps This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 17 ra2d translate-names 0 Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 18 ta26 0 was very thirsty “needed water to drink”
JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into…uncircumcised? Possible meanings are 1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or 2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into…uncircumcised? Possible meanings are (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 15 18 h9yr figs-idiom 0 die of thirst This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 18 u4x9 figs-idiom 0 fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 19 c7pf 0 split open the hollow place “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place…they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night Possible meanings are 1) “They did not make any noise all night” or 2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night Possible meanings are (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
JDG 16 3 iye2 0 until midnight “until the middle of the night”
JDG 16 3 fv5x 0 its two posts These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
JDG 16 3 c2m4 0 bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
85 JDG 1 36 g7nx translate-names 0 the hill of Akrabbim This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86 JDG 1 36 qr2w translate-names 0 Sela This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
87 JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br>
88 JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh Possible meaning are 1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or 2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or 3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking. Possible meaning are (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
89 JDG 2 1 q2ka 0 went up from Gilgal to Bokim “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
90 JDG 2 1 x66i translate-names 0 Bokim This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91 JDG 2 1 te37 figs-ellipsis 0 and said It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
296 JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings…you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
297 JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298 JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
299 JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water Possible meanings are 1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or 2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
300 JDG 5 5 db6h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
301 JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
302 JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318 JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
319 JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
320 JDG 5 12 q8vl writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
321 JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are 1) the people of Israel or 2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or 3) the poet who wrote the song. Possible speakers are (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
322 JDG 5 12 jc43 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
323 JDG 5 12 qc51 0 Barak…Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
324 JDG 5 13 tl3e 0 to me with the warriors The word “me” refers to Deborah.
543 JDG 8 10 bh2j translate-numbers 0 fifteen thousand men “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
544 JDG 8 10 p2iw figs-euphemism 0 had fallen This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
545 JDG 8 10 j3dk translate-numbers 0 120,000 men “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
546 JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. Possible meanings are 1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or 2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. Possible meanings are (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
547 JDG 8 11 t81p figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon went up Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
548 JDG 8 11 y551 figs-synecdoche 0 He defeated Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
549 JDG 8 11 jbu9 translate-names 0 Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
629 JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance…over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
630 JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
631 JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
632 JDG 9 9 ctc8 0 gods It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so possible meanings here are 1) “gods” or 2) “God.” It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so possible meanings here are (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
633 JDG 9 9 a9cy figs-metaphor 0 sway over To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
634 JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
635 JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness…over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
983 JDG 14 14 mf31 figs-metaphor 0 could not find the answer Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
984 JDG 14 15 wrs2 translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day “day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
985 JDG 14 15 w5dc 0 Trick mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
986 JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or 2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
987 JDG 14 15 t8sh figs-idiom 0 will burn up The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
988 JDG 14 15 si25 figs-rquestion 0 Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
989 JDG 14 15 sg4i figs-explicit 0 to make us poor They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
991 JDG 14 16 d72a 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
992 JDG 14 16 j4gp 0 Look here This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
993 JDG 14 16 zq8z figs-rquestion 0 if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
994 JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted Possible meanings are 1) “during the seven days of their feast” or 2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.” Possible meanings are (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
995 JDG 14 17 rfq6 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
996 JDG 14 17 xid1 figs-idiom 0 she pressured him very much Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
997 JDG 14 18 ui6t figs-explicit 0 the men of the city This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1057 JDG 15 16 dm4v figs-explicit 0 heaps upon heaps This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1058 JDG 15 17 ra2d translate-names 0 Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1059 JDG 15 18 ta26 0 was very thirsty “needed water to drink”
1060 JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into…uncircumcised? Possible meanings are 1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or 2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) Possible meanings are (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1061 JDG 15 18 h9yr figs-idiom 0 die of thirst This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1062 JDG 15 18 u4x9 figs-idiom 0 fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1063 JDG 15 19 c7pf 0 split open the hollow place “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
1071 JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1072 JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1073 JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place…they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
1074 JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night Possible meanings are 1) “They did not make any noise all night” or 2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.” Possible meanings are (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
1075 JDG 16 3 iye2 0 until midnight “until the middle of the night”
1076 JDG 16 3 fv5x 0 its two posts These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
1077 JDG 16 3 c2m4 0 bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.

4
en_tn_08-RUT.tsv
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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ RUT 2 20 zu5f מִֽ⁠גֹּאֲלֵ֖⁠נוּ 1 kinsman-redeemers A kinsman-
RUT 2 21 k2lz גַּ֣ם׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗⁠י 1 In addition, he said to me ***He even said to me***. This indicates that what follows is beyond what they would have expected a landowner to say to Ruth.
RUT 2 21 g585 עִם־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִ⁠י֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔י⁠ן 1 You should keep close by the servants who belong to me Boaz was expressing confidence that his workers would not harm Ruth.
RUT 2 22 f2tw תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם 1 you go out with ***you work with***
RUT 2 22 bcc4 וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖⁠ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to rape her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning while they are harvesting.
RUT 2 22 bcc4 וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖⁠ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you Possible meanings are (1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to rape her or (2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning while they are harvesting.
RUT 2 22 ab64 grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖⁠ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you This is the reason why Ruth should continue to work with Boaz’s servants. If it is more clear in your language to state the reason before the result, you can state this part of the sentence first, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
RUT 2 23 e2vq וַ⁠תִּדְבַּ֞ק 1 So she stayed close by Ruth worked in Boaz’s fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe.
RUT 2 23 a7qp וַ⁠תֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽ⁠הּ 1 She lived with her mother-in-law Ruth went to Naomi’s home to sleep at night.
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ RUT 4 3 es9g חֶלְקַת֙ הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֔ה…מָכְרָ֣ה נָע
RUT 4 4 ab41 figs-idiom אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְ⁠ךָ֣ 1 I should uncover your ear This is an idiom that means “I should tell you” or “I should let you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 4 c6xi נֶ֥גֶד 1 in the presence of ***in the presence of***. Having these men as witnesses would make the transaction legal and binding.
RUT 4 4 lgq1 גְּאָ֔ל 1 redeem it ***redeem*** means to buy the land to keep it within the family.
RUT 4 4 ab42 grammar-connect-exceptions אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ לִ⁠גְא֔וֹל וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 there is no one to redeem it besides you, and I am after you In some languages, it may be confusing to say these things together: 1) there is no one to redeem the land, 2) only you can redeem the land, 3) then I can redeem the land. If that is so in your language, see the UST for a way that is more clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
RUT 4 4 ab42 grammar-connect-exceptions אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ לִ⁠גְא֔וֹל וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 there is no one to redeem it besides you, and I am after you In some languages, it may be confusing to say these things together: (1) there is no one to redeem the land, (2) only you can redeem the land, (3) then I can redeem the land. If that is so in your language, see the UST for a way that is more clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
RUT 4 4 u548 וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 and I am after you Boaz was the next nearest kinsman to Elimelek, and so had the second right to redeem the land.
RUT 4 5 ut23 בְּ⁠יוֹם־קְנוֹתְ⁠ךָ֥…וּ֠⁠מֵ⁠אֵת…קָנִ֔יתָה 1 On the day that you buy…you also acquire Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. Alternate translation: “When you buy the land, you also get”
RUT 4 5 ymn8 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יַּ֣ד נָעֳמִ֑י 1 from the hand of Naomi Here the word **hand** represents Naomi, who owns the field. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
137 RUT 2 21 k2lz גַּ֣ם׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗⁠י 1 In addition, he said to me ***He even said to me***. This indicates that what follows is beyond what they would have expected a landowner to say to Ruth.
138 RUT 2 21 g585 עִם־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִ⁠י֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔י⁠ן 1 You should keep close by the servants who belong to me Boaz was expressing confidence that his workers would not harm Ruth.
139 RUT 2 22 f2tw תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם 1 you go out with ***you work with***
140 RUT 2 22 bcc4 וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖⁠ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to rape her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning while they are harvesting. Possible meanings are (1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to rape her or (2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning while they are harvesting.
141 RUT 2 22 ab64 grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖⁠ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you This is the reason why Ruth should continue to work with Boaz’s servants. If it is more clear in your language to state the reason before the result, you can state this part of the sentence first, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
142 RUT 2 23 e2vq וַ⁠תִּדְבַּ֞ק 1 So she stayed close by Ruth worked in Boaz’s fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe.
143 RUT 2 23 a7qp וַ⁠תֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽ⁠הּ 1 She lived with her mother-in-law Ruth went to Naomi’s home to sleep at night.
215 RUT 4 4 ab41 figs-idiom אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְ⁠ךָ֣ 1 I should uncover your ear This is an idiom that means “I should tell you” or “I should let you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
216 RUT 4 4 c6xi נֶ֥גֶד 1 in the presence of ***in the presence of***. Having these men as witnesses would make the transaction legal and binding.
217 RUT 4 4 lgq1 גְּאָ֔ל 1 redeem it ***redeem*** means to buy the land to keep it within the family.
218 RUT 4 4 ab42 grammar-connect-exceptions אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ לִ⁠גְא֔וֹל וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 there is no one to redeem it besides you, and I am after you In some languages, it may be confusing to say these things together: 1) there is no one to redeem the land, 2) only you can redeem the land, 3) then I can redeem the land. If that is so in your language, see the UST for a way that is more clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) In some languages, it may be confusing to say these things together: (1) there is no one to redeem the land, (2) only you can redeem the land, (3) then I can redeem the land. If that is so in your language, see the UST for a way that is more clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
219 RUT 4 4 u548 וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 and I am after you Boaz was the next nearest kinsman to Elimelek, and so had the second right to redeem the land.
220 RUT 4 5 ut23 בְּ⁠יוֹם־קְנוֹתְ⁠ךָ֥…וּ֠⁠מֵ⁠אֵת…קָנִ֔יתָה 1 On the day that you buy…you also acquire Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. Alternate translation: “When you buy the land, you also get”
221 RUT 4 5 ymn8 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יַּ֣ד נָעֳמִ֑י 1 from the hand of Naomi Here the word **hand** represents Naomi, who owns the field. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 1 9 qdl6 0 the temple of Yahweh The “temple” was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate as “temple” here.
1SA 1 10 b85f figs-explicit 0 She was deeply distressed Hannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband’s other wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 1 11 peh3 0 Connecting Statement: Hannah’s prayer to Yahweh continues.
1SA 1 11 ri9r figs-abstractnouns 0 the affliction of your servant The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated as a verb phrase. This refers either to 1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” or 2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. Alternate translation: “how that woman is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 1 11 ri9r figs-abstractnouns 0 the affliction of your servant The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated as a verb phrase. This refers either to (1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” or (2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. Alternate translation: “how that woman is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 1 11 l71a 0 call me to mind This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah’s behalf. God does know what is happening to Hannah; he has not forgotten.
1SA 1 11 ee3h figs-parallelism 0 do not forget your servant This phrase says almost the same thing as “call me to mind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1SA 1 12 js4q translate-names 0 Eli watched her Eli was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 1 26 r835 figs-idiom 0 Oh, my master! As you live, my master Here the idiom “As you live” shows that Hannah is being sincere and truthful. Alternate translation: “Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 1 27 m76r figs-abstractnouns 0 has given me my petition which I asked of him The noun “petition” refers to a formal request for another person to do something. It can be translated with a verb. The idiom “to give a petition” means to do what the person requests. Alternate translation: “has agreed to do what I solemnly requested that he do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 1 28 fp77 figs-activepassive 0 he is lent to Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am loaning him to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 1 28 f1d4 figs-synecdoche 0 he worshiped Yahweh Possible meanings: 1) “He” refers to Elkanah or 2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 1 28 f1d4 figs-synecdoche 0 he worshiped Yahweh Possible meanings: (1) “He” refers to Elkanah or (2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 2 intro fe7v 0 # 1 Samuel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with Hannah’s poetic prayer in 2:1-10 .<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hannah’s song of praise to God<br><br>This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles the rich, provides for the poor, and defeats his enemies.<br><br>### Eli’s Sons<br><br>Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter has many figures of speech because the first part of the chapter is a song and the last part of the chapter is a prophecy. Songs and prophecy tend to have many figures of speech.<br><br>### Synecdoches<br><br>“My heart” and “my mouth” are synecdoches referencing the speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br><br>### Metonymies<br><br>Body parts are often used to stand for activities involving that part of the body. “The feet of his faithful people” is a metonym meaning what they are doing or where they are going. Place names are often used for people in that place such as “the ends of the earth” meaning the people living in the ends of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Hannah used many military metaphors: “rock,” representing protection; “the bows of the mighty men are broken,” representing military defeat; “the horn of his anointed,” representing the power of the one that God has chosen to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>God used three rhetorical questions to correct and condemn Eli. “Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh’s house?” “Why then do you scorn my offerings that I required in the place where I live?” “Why do you honor your sons above me by making yourselves fat with the best of every offering of my people Israel?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
1SA 2 1 e9ks figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Hannah recites a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1SA 2 1 aq77 0 My heart exults “I have great joy”
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 2 3 l38w 0 no arrogance “no arrogant words”
1SA 2 3 tzn5 figs-activepassive 0 by him actions are weighed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he weighs people’s actions” or “he understands why people act as they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 2 4 v82q figs-parallelism 0 Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1SA 2 4 rd1s 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken Possible meanings are 1) the bows themselves are broken or 2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting”
1SA 2 4 rd1s 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken Possible meanings are (1) the bows themselves are broken or (2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting”
1SA 2 4 re5w figs-activepassive 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh breaks the bows of the mighty men” or “Yahweh can make even the strongest of people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 2 4 nr6l figs-metaphor 0 those who stumble put on strength like a belt This metaphor means they will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as a belt. Alternate translation: “he will make those who stumble strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 2 4 u785 0 put on…a belt This is the general term for putting something around one’s waist to prepare for work.
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 3 6 mt8g figs-metaphor 0 my son Eli was not Samuel’s true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel’s father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 3 7 s4pa figs-activepassive 0 nor had any message from Yahweh ever been revealed to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nor had Yahweh ever revealed any message to him” or “and Yahweh had never revealed any message to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 3 9 m2t2 figs-pronouns 0 your servant is Eli tells Samuel to speak to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person so that Samuel would show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 3 10 tcr3 0 Yahweh came and stood Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or 2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel.
1SA 3 10 tcr3 0 Yahweh came and stood Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or (2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel.
1SA 3 10 z33m figs-pronouns 0 your servant is Samuel speaks to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person to show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 3 11 huj9 figs-idiom 0 at which the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle Here “ears…will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “that will shock everyone who hears it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 3 11 z6qj 0 tingle This means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand.
@ -201,35 +201,35 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 5 5 l4ma writing-background 0 This is why, even today The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1SA 5 5 ey39 0 even today Here “today” means up to the day when the author was writing this book.
1SA 5 6 l5he figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s hand was heavy upon This is an idiom. “Yahweh severely judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 5 6 ddj3 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids.
1SA 5 6 ddj3 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids.
1SA 5 6 uhg9 figs-metonymy 0 both Ashdod and its territories The name of the town is a metonym for the people living in the town. “both the people of Ashdod and the people in the land surrounding Ashdod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 5 7 y9dm 0 the men of Ashdod realized “the men of Ashdod understood”
1SA 5 7 l6t8 0 ark of the God of Israel See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
1SA 5 9 b7z1 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s hand was against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 5 9 buz5 figs-merism 0 both small and great Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or 2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1SA 5 9 sxg1 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md)
1SA 5 9 buz5 figs-merism 0 both small and great Possible meanings are (1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or (2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1SA 5 9 sxg1 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md)
1SA 5 10 gk7m figs-explicit 0 cried out Why they cried out can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “cried out in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 5 11 cb8i 0 the ark of the God of Israel See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
1SA 5 11 s7pb 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
1SA 5 11 s7pb 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
1SA 5 11 se4g 0 there was a deathly panic throughout the city “people all over the city were afraid that they were going to die”
1SA 5 11 vn4h figs-metonymy 0 the hand of God was very heavy there The hand is a metonym for God punishing the people. “Yahweh was punishing the people there very severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 5 12 djg2 figs-explicit 0 The men who did not die This implies that many men actually died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 5 12 u8uu 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 5 12 vm1y figs-metonymy 0 the cry of the city went up to the heavens The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are 1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or 2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 5 12 u8uu 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 5 12 vm1y figs-metonymy 0 the cry of the city went up to the heavens The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are (1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or (2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 6 intro z9kg 0 # 1 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel<br><br>The Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim.<br>
1SA 6 2 rk4s 0 the priests and the diviners These were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon.
1SA 6 2 nd2k 0 Tell us how we should send it The Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further.
1SA 6 3 gg7q 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
1SA 6 3 gg7q 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
1SA 6 3 nl22 figs-idiom 0 by all means send him a guilt offering The words “by all means” are a forceful way of saying something. Alternate translation: “you must send a guilt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 6 3 ly3u 0 you will be healed “you will no longer be ill”
1SA 6 3 r6j5 figs-you 0 you The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1SA 6 3 g77h figs-metonymy 0 why his hand has not been lifted off of you Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “why he has not relieved your suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 6 4 ej9d 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 4 ej9d 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 4 kn78 0 mice more than one mouse
1SA 6 5 b9t4 0 models A model is something that looks like a real thing.
1SA 6 5 jv13 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 5 jv13 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 5 n47l 0 that ravage “that are destroying”
1SA 6 5 fu6m 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
1SA 6 5 fu6m 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
1SA 6 5 yp97 figs-metonymy 0 lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “stop punishing you, your gods and your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 6 6 ix9s figs-rquestion 0 Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. Alternate translation: “Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 6 6 txz5 figs-idiom 0 harden your hearts This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuse to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 6 10 vqs4 0 two nursing cows “two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 6:7](../06/07.md).
1SA 6 11 l2qq 0 mice Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
1SA 6 11 hg4l 0 castings of their tumors “models of their tumors”
1SA 6 11 h2re 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 11 h2re 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 12 d3ub 0 The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh Nursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh.
1SA 6 12 iv94 0 lowing as they went Lowing is the noise cows make with their voices.
1SA 6 12 kpn8 0 they did not turn aside either to the right or to the left “they did not wander off of the highway.” This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they stayed on the highway” or “they went straight ahead”
@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 6 15 km1p 0 The Levites took down the ark According to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark.
1SA 6 15 lq8f 0 the box that was with it, where the golden figures were “the box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors”
1SA 6 16 ke9z 0 the five rulers of the Philistines “the five Philistine kings”
1SA 6 17 rf99 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 17 rf99 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1SA 6 18 vv5i 0 mice Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
1SA 6 18 j566 0 fortified cities These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies.
1SA 6 18 jy47 figs-personification 0 The great stone…remains a witness The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. Alternate translation: “The great stone…is still there, and people remember what happened on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 6 18 ksv7 0 to this day to the time at which the writer wrote the book
1SA 6 19 gl4f 0 they had looked into the ark The ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark.
1SA 6 19 vv74 translate-numbers 0 50,070 men “fifty thousand and seventy men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 6 20 zwk1 figs-rquestion 0 Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or 2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 6 20 zwk1 figs-rquestion 0 Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or (2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 6 20 bc1z figs-explicit 0 To whom will the ark go up from us? This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. Alternate translation: “Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 6 21 n5gr translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim This was a town in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 7 intro hd2a 0 # 1 Samuel 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter completes the section on Samuel leading Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel begins to worship Yahweh again<br><br>Samuel told the people to get rid of all their idols and worship Yahweh alone. The people were obedient. When the Philistines heard the Israelites were all gathered together, the Philistines attacked, but God defeated them. There was a time of peace during which Samuel settled disputes between the people as the judges had done before.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idioms<br><br>Whenever Samuel spoke to a group of people, he used many idioms: “to turn to” means “to worship”; “with your whole heart” means “completely”; and “rescue from the hand” means “rescued from the power.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 7 3 iz8m figs-metonymy 0 the entire house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house and their descendants. Alternate translation: “all of the descendants of Israel” or “all of the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 7 3 yb5d figs-idiom 0 return to Yahweh with your whole heart Here “with your whole heart” is an idiom that means to be completely devoted to something. Alternate translation: “become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 7 5 bsu1 0 all Israel “all the people of Israel” or “all the Israelites”
1SA 7 6 a817 figs-explicit 0 drew water and poured it out before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 7 6 a817 figs-explicit 0 drew water and poured it out before Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or (2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 7 7 ey3d figs-explicit 0 the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 7 8 n5ch figs-metonymy 0 save us from the hand of the Philistines The “hand” is a metonym for the power of the person. Alternate translation: “save us from the Philistine army” or “keep the Philistine army from harming us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 7 9 b1zp 0 nursing lamb a lamb that is still drinking its mother’s milk
@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 7 9 plu5 0 Yahweh answered him “Yahweh did what Samuel asked him to do”
1SA 7 10 k1nw 0 As Samuel…they were routed before Israel This begins to explain what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)).
1SA 7 10 cd8j figs-idiom 0 threw them into confusion The word “confusion” here is used as a casual way of saying the Philistines were unable to think clearly. Alternate translation: “made them unable to think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 7 10 k6pl figs-activepassive 0 they were routed before Israel This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or 2) “Israel routed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 7 10 k6pl figs-activepassive 0 they were routed before Israel This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or (2) “Israel routed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 7 10 i1ra 0 routed To rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm.
1SA 7 11 h1ei 0 The men of Israel…Beth Kar This finishes explaining what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)).
1SA 7 11 z9iq translate-names 0 Beth Kar This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -289,14 +289,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 7 13 xt6p figs-activepassive 0 the Philistines were subdued This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh subdued the Philistines” or “Yahweh kept the Philistines from causing harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 7 13 xr1h 0 they did not enter the border of Israel The Philistines did not enter Israel’s border to attack them.
1SA 7 13 lb3d figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 7 14 li9a figs-activepassive 0 The towns…from Israel were restored to Israel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns…from Israel” or 2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns…from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 7 14 li9a figs-activepassive 0 The towns…from Israel were restored to Israel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns…from Israel” or (2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns…from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 7 16 p2sh 0 went on a circuit traveled from place to place in a rough circle
1SA 7 16 qa19 0 He decided disputes Disputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people.
1SA 8 intro ek6j 0 # 1 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### Saul and Samuel<br><br>The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want a king<br><br>When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel’s warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1SA 8 3 d1qv figs-metaphor 0 chased after dishonest gain The writer speaks of money that people would give Samuel’s sons as if it were a person or animal running away from Samuel’s sons, and he speaks of Samuel’s sons as if they were physically chasing that person or animal. Alternate translation: “they worked hard to gain money by being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 8 3 pt6z 0 perverted justice “judged in favor of those who did evil”
1SA 8 5 rx69 figs-idiom 0 do not walk in your ways The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “do not do the things you do” or “do not do what is just the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 8 5 qj8f 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations Possible meanings are 1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or 2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them”
1SA 8 5 qj8f 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations Possible meanings are (1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or (2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them”
1SA 8 5 jwe4 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us The leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly.
1SA 8 6 z6je 0 But it displeased Samuel…Give us a king to judge us Samuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had.
1SA 8 7 lz95 figs-metonymy 0 Obey the voice of the people Here “the voice” is a metonym for the will or the desire of the people. Alternate translation: “Do what the people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -317,14 +317,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 8 16 eii9 0 Connecting Statement: Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
1SA 8 17 yl2b translate-fraction 0 the tenth of your flocks They will have to divide their flocks into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king’s officers and servants. See how you translated “tenth” in [1 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1SA 8 17 t81y 0 you will be his slaves “you will feel as if you are his slaves”
1SA 8 18 l9mn 0 you will cry out Possible meanings are 1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or 2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly .
1SA 8 18 l9mn 0 you will cry out Possible meanings are (1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or (2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly .
1SA 8 21 mk43 figs-synecdoche 0 he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh Here “the ears of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. Alternate translation: “he repeated them to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 8 22 d8pw figs-metonymy 0 Obey their voice Here the metonym “their voice” refers to the will of the people. Alternate translation: “Obey the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 8 22 s4b6 0 cause someone to be king for them “make someone king over them.” Use the common term in your language for making someone king.
1SA 8 22 vjc2 0 go to his own city “go home”
1SA 9 intro kus3 0 # 1 Samuel 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Samuel chooses Saul to be their king<br><br>When the donkeys of Saul’s father strayed away, Saul went looking for them. When he could not find them, he asked Samuel to ask God where they were. Samuel said the donkeys had been found. He invited Saul as the guest of honor to a feast and gave him a place to sleep for the night.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Saul uses two rhetorical questions to convince Samuel he is not important: “Am not I a Benjamite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel? Is not my clan the least of all the clans of the tribe of Benjamin?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
1SA 9 1 y487 writing-background 0 General Information: If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1SA 9 1 k9kq 0 a man of influence Possible meanings are 1) he was a wealthy man or 2) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man.
1SA 9 1 k9kq 0 a man of influence Possible meanings are (1) he was a wealthy man or (2) he was a nobleman or (3) he was a mighty and brave man.
1SA 9 1 sxy3 translate-names 0 Kish…Abiel…Zeror…Bekorath…Aphiah These are names of the men of Saul’s family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 9 1 q9zb 0 Benjamite A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin.
1SA 9 2 b5il 0 handsome someone who looks good
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 9 22 wn3v 0 the hall The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together.
1SA 9 22 rw25 0 head place This is the seat of honor.
1SA 9 22 tpy7 translate-numbers 0 thirty people “30 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 9 24 s46f 0 what was on it Possible meanings are 1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or 2) other parts of the bull.
1SA 9 24 s46f 0 what was on it Possible meanings are (1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or (2) other parts of the bull.
1SA 9 24 v2sc 0 Then Samuel said In the original language it is not clear who is speaking. It is possible that the cook is speaking to Saul. Alternate translation: “Then the cook said”
1SA 9 25 i36v 0 on the rooftop This is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house.
1SA 9 26 r8sh figs-explicit 0 Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 10 7 drt6 figs-personification 0 do whatever your hand finds to do Here Samuel speaks of Saul’s hand as if it were a person trying to find things. Alternate translation: “do whatever you think is right to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1SA 10 9 ifw6 figs-idiom 0 God gave him another heart God enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 10 10 lyd4 figs-personification 0 the Spirit of God rushed upon him Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? Possible meanings are 1) the people are asking for information or 2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? Possible meanings are (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 10 11 us3j 0 the son of Kish “Saul, the son of Kish”
1SA 10 12 g5tt figs-rquestion 0 Then who is their father? This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 10 12 v7kp writing-proverbs 0 Because of this, it became a saying, “Is Saul also one of the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, ‘Is Saul really one of the prophets?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 13 2 esc4 0 The rest of the soldiers he sent home “He sent the rest of the soldiers home”
1SA 13 3 j52z 0 garrison of the Philistines “military base of the Philistines” or “military camp of the Philistines”
1SA 13 3 ia2v translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 13 4 m9rj 0 All Israel heard that Saul had defeated Possible meanings are that 1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or 2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions.
1SA 13 4 m9rj 0 All Israel heard that Saul had defeated Possible meanings are that (1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or (2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions.
1SA 13 4 mef1 figs-metaphor 0 Israel had become a rotten smell to the Philistines The Philistines hating the Israelites is spoken of as if the Israelites had become a bad smell that offended the Philistines. Alternate translation: “the Philistines hated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 13 4 en9q figs-activepassive 0 the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 13 5 ez1f translate-numbers 0 three thousand…six thousand “3,000…6,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 14 42 rw4a figs-activepassive 0 Then Jonathan was taken by lot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the lot indicated that Jonathan was guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 14 43 am45 0 General Information: The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned.
1SA 14 43 h3ee 0 Tell me what you have done “Tell me how you have sinned” or “Tell me what you have done that was wrong”
1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die Possible meanings are 1) “I am willing to die” or 2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?”
1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die Possible meanings are (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?”
1SA 14 44 bhu1 0 God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. Alternate translation: “May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan”
1SA 14 45 sym5 0 General Information: The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul.
1SA 14 45 q95l figs-rquestion 0 Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! The people scold Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 15 11 u8i3 0 It grieves me “I am sorry”
1SA 15 11 fu9h figs-metaphor 0 he has turned back from following me Saul not obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if Saul had physically turned away from walking behind God. Alternate translation: “he has stopped following me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 15 11 zml2 0 has not performed my commandments “has not obeyed what I commanded him to do.” Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live.
1SA 15 11 uwz4 0 Samuel was angry Possible meanings are 1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or 2) Samuel was disturbed.
1SA 15 11 uwz4 0 Samuel was angry Possible meanings are (1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or (2) Samuel was disturbed.
1SA 15 12 g77w 0 Samuel was told “Someone told Samuel”
1SA 15 12 hh8y 0 he set up a monument to himself Saul was full of pride.
1SA 15 12 fp2t 0 down to Gilgal Gilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel.
@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 16 16 y7wp figs-123person 0 Let our master now command The servants refer to Saul in the third person as “our master.” Alternate translation: “We ask that you, our master, command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 16 16 qwf8 figs-123person 0 command your servants who are before you to look The servants refer to themselves in the third person as “your servants.” Alternate translation: “command us, your servants who attend to you, to look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 16 16 u14z 0 is on you “troubles you”
1SA 16 18 jui1 0 a strong, courageous man Possible meanings are 1) “a great warrior” or 2) “a very brave man.”
1SA 16 18 jui1 0 a strong, courageous man Possible meanings are (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very brave man.”
1SA 16 18 bp1w 0 one prudent in speech “one wise in speech” or “one who speaks wisely”
1SA 16 18 l27k figs-idiom 0 Yahweh is with him Here “with him” means Yahweh helps and blesses David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 16 21 g496 figs-go 0 David came to Saul Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 17 16 wi92 translate-numbers 0 For forty days “For 40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 17 16 vf87 0 to present himself for battle “to show that he was ready to fight”
1SA 17 17 t66s translate-bvolume 0 ephah An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1SA 17 18 n9tr translate-numbers 0 the captain of their thousand “the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 17 18 n9tr translate-numbers 0 the captain of their thousand “the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 17 18 ms2j 0 See how your brothers are doing “Check and find out how your brothers are doing”
1SA 17 19 i8wt 0 all the men of Israel “all the soldiers of Israel”
1SA 17 19 fa7e translate-names 0 the Valley of Elah This is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](../17/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 18 10 me9n 0 he raved “he acted crazy”
1SA 18 12 d2h6 0 Yahweh was with him “Yahweh was with David”
1SA 18 13 a354 0 So Saul removed him from his presence “So Saul removed David from his presence”
1SA 18 13 uwr1 translate-numbers 0 a commander of a thousand Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 18 13 uwr1 translate-numbers 0 a commander of a thousand Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 18 13 zlq6 figs-idiom 0 David went out and came in before the people Here “the people” refers to the soldiers under David’s command. The phrases “went out” and “came in” are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. Alternate translation: “David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 18 15 cml9 figs-idiom 0 he stood in awe of him Here “stood in awe” is an idiom that means to fear. Alternate translation: “he feared David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 18 16 bgb3 figs-metonymy 0 all Israel and Judah loved David Here “Israel and Judah” represent the people of all of the tribes. Alternate translation: “all the people in Israel and Judah loved David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -865,14 +865,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 19 11 zcu4 figs-idiom 0 If you do not save your life Here “save your life” is an idiom that refers to escape. Alternate translation: “If you do not escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 19 11 www7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 19 12 rx5e 0 General Information: Michal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David’s bed look like he is sleeping in it.
1SA 19 13 pt3r 0 she put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes Possible meanings are 1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or 2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes.
1SA 19 13 pt3r 0 she put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes Possible meanings are (1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or (2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes.
1SA 19 14 bsi6 0 General Information: Saul acts out his desire to kill David.
1SA 19 14 ar16 0 take David “take David back to Saul”
1SA 19 14 er9p 0 she said Here “she” refers to Michal.
1SA 19 15 uu8k figs-explicit 0 Bring him up to me in the bed The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 19 16 gw7d 0 pillow of goats’ hair See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md).
1SA 19 16 mmv5 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw.
1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? Possible meanings are 1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or 2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? Possible meanings are (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 17 g47n figs-rquestion 0 Let me go. Why should I kill you? Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 18 e48b 0 General Information: David flees to Samuel.
1SA 19 18 hj2z 0 Now This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story.
@ -912,9 +912,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 20 13 yn8n figs-idiom 0 may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 20 14 q3ac 0 General Information: Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain.
1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Possible meanings for “of Yahweh” are 1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or 2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Possible meanings for “of Yahweh” are (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 20 16 n5b7 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are 1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or 2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 20 17 l3uj figs-synecdoche 0 he loved him as he loved his own soul Here “his own soul” refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 20 18 f5bi figs-activepassive 0 You will be missed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My father will miss you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 20 19 ki6m figs-idiom 0 when the business was in hand Here “business was in hand” is an idiom that refers to when everything happened. Alternate translation: “when everything happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -925,8 +925,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 20 21 qr7r 0 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1SA 20 21 qbg1 0 then come “then you, David, come”
1SA 20 22 ch37 0 Connecting Statement: Jonathan continues to speak to David.
1SA 20 23 r1jg 0 see, Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “we know that Yahweh” or 2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.”
1SA 20 23 hmt6 0 Yahweh is between you and me Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or 2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other”
1SA 20 23 r1jg 0 see, Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “we know that Yahweh” or (2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.”
1SA 20 23 hmt6 0 Yahweh is between you and me Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other”
1SA 20 25 upz8 translate-manuscripts 0 Jonathan stood up Some ancient copies have “Jonathan sat across from him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]])
1SA 20 26 j8dr 0 He is not clean; surely he is not clean According to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself.
1SA 20 28 e5rh 0 asked permission from me to go “asked me to allow him to go”
@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 20 38 s42f 0 called after the young man, “Hurry “called out to the young man, who was running away from him, ‘Hurry”
1SA 20 41 b73c 0 the mound It seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones.
1SA 20 41 pg9k 0 lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times. David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King’s son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan.
1SA 20 42 t28c 0 May Yahweh be between you and me Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or 2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md).
1SA 20 42 t28c 0 May Yahweh be between you and me Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md).
1SA 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Samuel 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 21:11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David and the chief priest<br>David visits the chief priest and lies to him about being on a special mission for the king. He asks for food, weapons, and prayer. The chief priest gives him some sacred bread and Goliath’s sword and prays for him.<br><br>### David and the king of Gath<br>David flees to Gath. The advisers to the king tell him that David is almost the king of Israel. David becomes afraid of the king and pretends to be insane.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>The king of Gath’s advisers use two rhetorical questions to warn him about how dangerous David could be: “Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
1SA 21 1 sxr5 translate-names 0 Nob This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 21 1 lxn7 translate-names 0 Ahimelech This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 21 5 hx9a figs-activepassive 0 How much more today will what they have be set apart This is a statement, not a question. It can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is especially true today that they will set apart what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 21 6 u4vn figs-activepassive 0 the bread that was set apart This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the bread that the priests had set apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 21 6 vbr7 figs-activepassive 0 which was removed from before Yahweh, in order to put This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the priests had removed from before Yahweh so that they could put” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 21 7 tmz8 figs-activepassive 0 detained before Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or 2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 21 7 tmz8 figs-activepassive 0 detained before Yahweh Possible meanings are that (1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 21 7 z642 figs-explicit 0 Doeg…herdsmen You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. Alternate translation: “Doeg…herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 21 7 zg8g translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man from the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 21 7 ye4p 0 herdsmen the keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep
@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 21 11 sc99 figs-rquestion 0 Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul…thousands?’ This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul…thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 12 rqg7 figs-metonymy 0 David took these words to heart Here “took…to heart” is a metonym to think seriously about what was said. Alternate translation: “David thought seriously about what the servants said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 21 13 ai6n figs-synecdoche 0 in their hands Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? Possible meanings are 1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or 2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? Possible meanings are (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 15 kl34 figs-rquestion 0 Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: “There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 21 15 k152 figs-rquestion 0 Will this fellow really come into my house? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David assembles a force of unhappy people<br>David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Saul and the chief priest’s family<br>Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God’s representatives and are rebelling against God’s king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])<br>
@ -994,13 +994,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 22 5 xg56 translate-names 0 Hereth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 22 6 jvw8 figs-activepassive 0 David had been discovered, along with the men who were with him Saul was most interested in David, so the writer mentions the other men separately. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had discovered where David and all the men who were with him were hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 22 6 yk86 translate-unknown 0 the tamarisk tree This is a type of tree. Alternate translation: “a large shade tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1SA 22 6 bpn2 0 in Ramah Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” Possible meanings are 1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or 2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill”
1SA 22 6 bpn2 0 in Ramah Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” Possible meanings are (1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or (2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill”
1SA 22 7 h9sv figs-rquestion 0 Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards? Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The son of Jesse will not give you fields or vineyards.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 7 ft1b figs-explicit 0 Will the son of Jesse give The time when he will give can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 22 7 fhn5 0 the son of Jesse “David”
1SA 22 7 p8rr figs-rquestion 0 Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “He will not make you captains of thousands and captains of hundreds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 7 hy7f figs-explicit 0 Will he make you all captains You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king, will he make you all captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 22 7 ktw6 translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 22 7 ktw6 translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 22 8 r9wd 0 Connecting Statement: This continues what Saul said to his servants.
1SA 22 9 e96p translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 22 9 mj61 translate-names 0 Nob…Ahimelech This is a place name and the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1022,10 +1022,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 22 17 nr49 figs-synecdoche 0 their hand also is with David The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “they also help David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 22 17 gd4u figs-metonymy 0 would not put out their hand to kill The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “did not do anything to kill” or “refused to kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 22 18 kxa2 figs-idiom 0 Turn and kill the priests…turned and attacked the priests Here “Turn” means to turn around or turn away from the king. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Go and kill the priests…went and attacked” or “Kill the priest…attacked the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 22 18 g41e figs-explicit 0 Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked…he killed Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked…they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 22 18 g41e figs-explicit 0 Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked…he killed Possible meanings are (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked…they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 22 18 lsc1 translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 22 18 c5xv translate-numbers 0 eighty-five persons “85 men” or “85 priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 22 19 qi5d figs-explicit 0 He also put to the sword…he put to the sword Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword…they put to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 22 19 qi5d figs-explicit 0 He also put to the sword…he put to the sword Possible meanings are (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword…they put to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 22 19 eh6l 0 put to the sword “killed with the sword”
1SA 22 19 ru75 translate-names 0 Nob Nob is the name of a city. Here the name “Nob” represents the people of that city. Alternate translation: “the people in the city of Nob” or “the people of Nob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 22 20 g9ps translate-names 0 Abiathar This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 24 14 ng1t figs-rquestion 0 After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. When David asks the questions, he knows that he will answer the questions himself. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you who the king of Israel has come out after. Let me tell you who it is that you are pursuing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 24 14 jfp1 figs-metaphor 0 After a dead dog The words “dead dog” are a metaphor for a powerless person. This sentence can be made complete. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as powerless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1SA 24 14 u7sh figs-metaphor 0 After a flea The word “flea” is a metaphor for a person whom others do not consider important. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as unimportant as a flea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1SA 24 15 cbv2 0 see to it, and plead my cause Possible meanings are 1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or 2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.”
1SA 24 15 cbv2 0 see to it, and plead my cause Possible meanings are (1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or (2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.”
1SA 24 15 g89c figs-metonymy 0 from your hand The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “so that you have no power over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 24 16 wzm1 figs-metaphor 0 my son David Saul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 24 16 jg3p figs-metaphor 0 lifted up his voice and wept The writer writes as if a voice were something a person could lift up with his hands. Alternate translation: “wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 24 18 p931 0 for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy Saul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh’s anointed.
1SA 24 19 s8ie figs-rquestion 0 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. Alternate translation: “For if a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 24 19 p5v5 0 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh’s appointed time.
1SA 24 20 j61i figs-activepassive 0 the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or 2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 24 20 j61i figs-activepassive 0 the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or (2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 24 20 ge3u figs-metonymy 0 in your hand The word “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 24 21 lj2i 0 you will not cut off my descendants after me “you will not kill my sons and their families.” It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne.
1SA 24 21 hr5u figs-metonymy 0 you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house It is important for each family in Israel to have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. Alternate translation: “you will not destroy my family and descendants” or “you will allow my family to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 25 intro abcp 0 # 1 Samuel 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Revenge<br>When David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal’s household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br><br>
1SA 25 1 nvn1 figs-hyperbole 0 All Israel gathered together and mourned for him This is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1SA 25 1 xdb3 0 gathered together “met together”
1SA 25 1 n1il 0 buried him in his house at Ramah Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel 1) in his home town of Ramah or 2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or 3) in his house in Ramah.
1SA 25 1 n1il 0 buried him in his house at Ramah Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel (1) in his home town of Ramah or (2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or (3) in his house in Ramah.
1SA 25 1 l3mw 0 David rose and went down “David and his men moved on and they went down”
1SA 25 2 na8t 0 There was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy. Some translators may need to put the ideas in these verses in a different order. Alternate translation: “There was a very wealthy man in Maon whose possessions were in Carmel.”
1SA 25 2 alm4 translate-names 0 Maon This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 25 18 e7nf 0 parched grain “grain that someone had cooked”
1SA 25 18 twx7 0 clusters of raisins “cakes of raisins” or “masses of raisins”
1SA 25 20 d3l8 0 David and his men “David and his army”
1SA 25 20 wcs5 0 by the cover of the mountain Possible meanings are 1) into a low, narrow stream bed or 2) to where the men were hiding.
1SA 25 20 wcs5 0 by the cover of the mountain Possible meanings are (1) into a low, narrow stream bed or (2) to where the men were hiding.
1SA 25 21 h5uv writing-background 0 The writer gives background information before he continues with the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1SA 25 21 nzw1 0 Now David had said, “Surely…for good. The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, “Every man strap on his sword” in [1 Samuel 25:13](../25/13.md).
1SA 25 21 vv7p 0 Now David The word “Now” shows that the writer has stopped writing about Abigail and started writing about David.
@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 25 31 bql2 figs-pronouns 0 my master…himself…my master…your servant Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people, to show that she respects David. “you…yourself…you…me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 25 31 m9fd 0 when Yahweh will do good for my master That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul’s reign is over.
1SA 25 32 i5t4 0 General Information: David accepts Abigail’s counsel and gifts.
1SA 25 32 ze7a figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh…be blessed, he who This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “I praise Yahweh…who” or 2) “May all people praise Yahweh…who.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 32 ze7a figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh…be blessed, he who This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “I praise Yahweh…who” or (2) “May all people praise Yahweh…who.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 33 xel2 figs-activepassive 0 Your wisdom is blessed and you are blessed, because This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I thank Yahweh because he has blessed you by making you wise and because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 33 m4g6 0 bloodshed murder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](../25/26.md).
1SA 25 33 er78 figs-metonymy 0 with my own hand The word “hand” here is a metonym for the action taken by the hand. Alternate translation: “by my own actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1216,9 +1216,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 25 37 u2tf 0 the wine had gone out of Nabal Nabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy.
1SA 25 37 g4h6 0 his heart died within him Nabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke.
1SA 25 39 y8vj 0 General Information: David offers to protect Abigail by marrying her.
1SA 25 39 ir6z figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or 2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 39 ir6z figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 39 j9hl figs-idiom 0 has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or 2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 39 w9kj figs-pronouns 0 has kept back his servant from evil David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 25 39 cq6p figs-abstractnouns 0 has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head The abstract noun “action” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 25 39 lb46 figs-synecdoche 0 on his own head The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1261,12 +1261,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 26 14 i2zz 0 David shouted “David spoke as loudly as he could” so Saul and his men could hear him
1SA 26 15 e3xd figs-rquestion 0 Are not you a courageous man? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are a very brave man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 15 it27 figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you in Israel? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are the greatest soldier in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? Possible meanings are 1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or 2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? Possible meanings are (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 17 d5y6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 ah3m figs-123person 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him “my master,” and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself “his servant.” David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?” or “Why are you pursuing me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 19 xsj9 figs-pronouns 0 you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you my king, listen to my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 26 19 xi81 0 stirred you up against me “caused you to be angry with me”
1SA 26 19 sn5d figs-explicit 0 let him accept an offering You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate translation: “I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 26 20 dm6i figs-euphemism 0 do not let my blood fall to the earth This is a polite way of saying “do not kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1SA 26 20 km1g figs-metaphor 0 the one flea David uses the word “flea” as a metaphor for a person, himself, who cannot do any great harm. Alternate translation: “this single flea” or “me, and I cannot harm you any more than one flea can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 26 20 ua6e figs-simile 0 as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1SA 26 21 w8jk 0 Return Possible meanings are 1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or “Return to your home.”
1SA 26 21 w8jk 0 Return Possible meanings are (1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or (2) “Return to your home.”
1SA 26 21 l7a6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 26 21 sy9u figs-metaphor 0 my life was precious in your eyes today Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “today you have considered my life to be very valuable” or “today you showed me that you really do respect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 26 21 zs9x 0 played the fool “been very foolish”
@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 28 8 mj1t 0 Divine for me…with a spirit “Talk to the dead for me”
1SA 28 9 qv53 0 those who talk with the dead or with spirits The words “those who talk with the dead” translate as one word in the original language, and the words “those who…talk with spirits” also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
1SA 28 9 fdu8 figs-synecdoche 0 my life The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 28 13 bz39 0 a god Other possible meanings are 1) “one like God” or 2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)).
1SA 28 13 bz39 0 a god Other possible meanings are (1) “one like God” or (2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)).
1SA 28 17 wpr2 figs-metaphor 0 torn the kingdom out of your hand Samuel speaks as if the kingdom were a physical object that could be held in the hand and grabbed out by another person. Alternate translation: “made you so you are no longer king” or “made another person king in your place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 28 19 wl9u figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will give Israel along with you into the hand of the Philistines Samuel speaks as if the people of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to you and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 28 19 i48b figs-euphemism 0 will be with me This is a polite way to say that Saul will die. Alternate translation: “will be dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 29 2 tq6l 0 passed on by hundreds and by thousands “divided their men into groups; some groups had one hundred soldiers and some groups had one thousand soldiers”
1SA 29 2 j1vs translate-numbers 0 hundreds…thousands 100s…1,000s (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 29 2 vft1 0 David and his men passed on in the rear guard with Achish The groups of hundreds and thousands passed on first, then Achish and his helpers, and then David, his men, and the other Philistine soldiers, who were guarding Achish.
1SA 29 3 s77q figs-rquestion 0 What are these Hebrews doing here? Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are Alternate translation: 1) “You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us.” or 2) “Tell us who these Hebrews are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 29 3 s77q figs-rquestion 0 What are these Hebrews doing here? Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are Alternate translation: (1) “You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us.” or (2) “Tell us who these Hebrews are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 29 3 sj73 figs-rquestion 0 Is not this David…these years, and I have found…this day? Another possible translation is “Is not this David,…these years? I have found…this day.” The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that this is David…these years. I have found…this day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 29 3 ri13 figs-litotes 0 I have found no fault with him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know of nothing that he has done wrong” or “I am very pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1SA 29 4 i611 figs-synecdoche 0 He will not go down with us into battle The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 30 intro abcu 0 # 1 Samuel 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David fights the Amalekites<br>When David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled.
1SA 30 1 u6dp 0 Ziklag Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families.
1SA 30 2 i8bg 0 they the Amalekites
1SA 30 2 l5au 0 both small and great Possible meanings are 1) “both unimportant people and important people” or 2) “both physically small and physically large.”
1SA 30 2 l5au 0 both small and great Possible meanings are (1) “both unimportant people and important people” or (2) “both physically small and physically large.”
1SA 30 3 tr67 0 their wives…sons…daughters belonging to David and his men
1SA 30 3 hh3k figs-activepassive 0 it was burned, and their wives…daughters were taken captive This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they saw that someone had burned it and taken their wives…captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 30 4 i5ts 0 the people that were with him These were mainly his army of men.
@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 30 5 acw2 translate-names 0 Ahinoam…Abigail women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 30 6 e6z1 0 distressed suffering
1SA 30 6 q4yw figs-synecdoche 0 all the people were bitter in spirit The word “bitter” is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word “spirit” is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “all the people were ready to rebel against David” or “all the people were very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 30 6 plf4 0 David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God Possible meanings are 1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or 2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.”
1SA 30 6 plf4 0 David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God Possible meanings are (1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or (2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.”
1SA 30 7 na36 0 General Information: David seeks Yahweh’s direction in dealing with the raid on his people.
1SA 30 8 l4pe figs-abstractnouns 0 David prayed to Yahweh for direction The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 30 8 a2ps 0 pursue chase and try to catch
@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 30 18 gv1e 0 recovered…rescued “got back…got back.” These two words translate the same Hebrew word. Your language may also have a word for a person getting his own property back from the person who stole it that is different from the word for a person getting his wife back from those who have captured her.
1SA 30 18 zen4 0 rescued his two wives “got his two wives back” or “saved his two wives from danger”
1SA 30 19 f95n 0 Nothing was missing “None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost”
1SA 30 19 h16q 0 neither small nor great Possible meanings are 1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or 2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md).
1SA 30 19 h16q 0 neither small nor great Possible meanings are (1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or (2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md).
1SA 30 19 we47 0 booty goods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
1SA 30 21 r2q2 translate-numbers 0 two hundred 200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 30 21 e3fw translate-names 0 the brook Besor a small stream or creek named Besor. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](../30/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
20 1SA 1 9 qdl6 0 the temple of Yahweh The “temple” was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate as “temple” here.
21 1SA 1 10 b85f figs-explicit 0 She was deeply distressed Hannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband’s other wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22 1SA 1 11 peh3 0 Connecting Statement: Hannah’s prayer to Yahweh continues.
23 1SA 1 11 ri9r figs-abstractnouns 0 the affliction of your servant The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated as a verb phrase. This refers either to 1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” or 2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. Alternate translation: “how that woman is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated as a verb phrase. This refers either to (1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” or (2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. Alternate translation: “how that woman is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
24 1SA 1 11 l71a 0 call me to mind This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah’s behalf. God does know what is happening to Hannah; he has not forgotten.
25 1SA 1 11 ee3h figs-parallelism 0 do not forget your servant This phrase says almost the same thing as “call me to mind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
26 1SA 1 12 js4q translate-names 0 Eli watched her Eli was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
47 1SA 1 26 r835 figs-idiom 0 Oh, my master! As you live, my master Here the idiom “As you live” shows that Hannah is being sincere and truthful. Alternate translation: “Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
48 1SA 1 27 m76r figs-abstractnouns 0 has given me my petition which I asked of him The noun “petition” refers to a formal request for another person to do something. It can be translated with a verb. The idiom “to give a petition” means to do what the person requests. Alternate translation: “has agreed to do what I solemnly requested that he do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
49 1SA 1 28 fp77 figs-activepassive 0 he is lent to Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am loaning him to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
50 1SA 1 28 f1d4 figs-synecdoche 0 he worshiped Yahweh Possible meanings: 1) “He” refers to Elkanah or 2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings: (1) “He” refers to Elkanah or (2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
51 1SA 2 intro fe7v 0 # 1 Samuel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with Hannah’s poetic prayer in 2:1-10 .<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hannah’s song of praise to God<br><br>This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles the rich, provides for the poor, and defeats his enemies.<br><br>### Eli’s Sons<br><br>Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter has many figures of speech because the first part of the chapter is a song and the last part of the chapter is a prophecy. Songs and prophecy tend to have many figures of speech.<br><br>### Synecdoches<br><br>“My heart” and “my mouth” are synecdoches referencing the speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br><br>### Metonymies<br><br>Body parts are often used to stand for activities involving that part of the body. “The feet of his faithful people” is a metonym meaning what they are doing or where they are going. Place names are often used for people in that place such as “the ends of the earth” meaning the people living in the ends of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Hannah used many military metaphors: “rock,” representing protection; “the bows of the mighty men are broken,” representing military defeat; “the horn of his anointed,” representing the power of the one that God has chosen to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>God used three rhetorical questions to correct and condemn Eli. “Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh’s house?” “Why then do you scorn my offerings that I required in the place where I live?” “Why do you honor your sons above me by making yourselves fat with the best of every offering of my people Israel?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
52 1SA 2 1 e9ks figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Hannah recites a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
53 1SA 2 1 aq77 0 My heart exults “I have great joy”
60 1SA 2 3 l38w 0 no arrogance “no arrogant words”
61 1SA 2 3 tzn5 figs-activepassive 0 by him actions are weighed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he weighs people’s actions” or “he understands why people act as they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
62 1SA 2 4 v82q figs-parallelism 0 Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
63 1SA 2 4 rd1s 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken Possible meanings are 1) the bows themselves are broken or 2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting” Possible meanings are (1) the bows themselves are broken or (2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting”
64 1SA 2 4 re5w figs-activepassive 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh breaks the bows of the mighty men” or “Yahweh can make even the strongest of people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
65 1SA 2 4 nr6l figs-metaphor 0 those who stumble put on strength like a belt This metaphor means they will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as a belt. Alternate translation: “he will make those who stumble strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66 1SA 2 4 u785 0 put on…a belt This is the general term for putting something around one’s waist to prepare for work.
139 1SA 3 6 mt8g figs-metaphor 0 my son Eli was not Samuel’s true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel’s father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140 1SA 3 7 s4pa figs-activepassive 0 nor had any message from Yahweh ever been revealed to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nor had Yahweh ever revealed any message to him” or “and Yahweh had never revealed any message to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
141 1SA 3 9 m2t2 figs-pronouns 0 your servant is Eli tells Samuel to speak to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person so that Samuel would show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
142 1SA 3 10 tcr3 0 Yahweh came and stood Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or 2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or (2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel.
143 1SA 3 10 z33m figs-pronouns 0 your servant is Samuel speaks to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person to show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
144 1SA 3 11 huj9 figs-idiom 0 at which the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle Here “ears…will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “that will shock everyone who hears it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
145 1SA 3 11 z6qj 0 tingle This means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand.
201 1SA 5 5 l4ma writing-background 0 This is why, even today The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
202 1SA 5 5 ey39 0 even today Here “today” means up to the day when the author was writing this book.
203 1SA 5 6 l5he figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s hand was heavy upon This is an idiom. “Yahweh severely judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
204 1SA 5 6 ddj3 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids.
205 1SA 5 6 uhg9 figs-metonymy 0 both Ashdod and its territories The name of the town is a metonym for the people living in the town. “both the people of Ashdod and the people in the land surrounding Ashdod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
206 1SA 5 7 y9dm 0 the men of Ashdod realized “the men of Ashdod understood”
207 1SA 5 7 l6t8 0 ark of the God of Israel See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
208 1SA 5 9 b7z1 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s hand was against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
209 1SA 5 9 buz5 figs-merism 0 both small and great Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or 2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or (2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
210 1SA 5 9 sxg1 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md) Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md)
211 1SA 5 10 gk7m figs-explicit 0 cried out Why they cried out can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “cried out in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
212 1SA 5 11 cb8i 0 the ark of the God of Israel See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
213 1SA 5 11 s7pb 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
214 1SA 5 11 se4g 0 there was a deathly panic throughout the city “people all over the city were afraid that they were going to die”
215 1SA 5 11 vn4h figs-metonymy 0 the hand of God was very heavy there The hand is a metonym for God punishing the people. “Yahweh was punishing the people there very severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216 1SA 5 12 djg2 figs-explicit 0 The men who did not die This implies that many men actually died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
217 1SA 5 12 u8uu 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
218 1SA 5 12 vm1y figs-metonymy 0 the cry of the city went up to the heavens The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are 1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or 2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are (1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or (2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
219 1SA 6 intro z9kg 0 # 1 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel<br><br>The Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim.<br>
220 1SA 6 2 rk4s 0 the priests and the diviners These were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon.
221 1SA 6 2 nd2k 0 Tell us how we should send it The Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further.
222 1SA 6 3 gg7q 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
223 1SA 6 3 nl22 figs-idiom 0 by all means send him a guilt offering The words “by all means” are a forceful way of saying something. Alternate translation: “you must send a guilt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
224 1SA 6 3 ly3u 0 you will be healed “you will no longer be ill”
225 1SA 6 3 r6j5 figs-you 0 you The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
226 1SA 6 3 g77h figs-metonymy 0 why his hand has not been lifted off of you Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “why he has not relieved your suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
227 1SA 6 4 ej9d 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
228 1SA 6 4 kn78 0 mice more than one mouse
229 1SA 6 5 b9t4 0 models A model is something that looks like a real thing.
230 1SA 6 5 jv13 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
231 1SA 6 5 n47l 0 that ravage “that are destroying”
232 1SA 6 5 fu6m 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are 1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or 2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
233 1SA 6 5 yp97 figs-metonymy 0 lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “stop punishing you, your gods and your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
234 1SA 6 6 ix9s figs-rquestion 0 Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. Alternate translation: “Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
235 1SA 6 6 txz5 figs-idiom 0 harden your hearts This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuse to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
240 1SA 6 10 vqs4 0 two nursing cows “two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 6:7](../06/07.md).
241 1SA 6 11 l2qq 0 mice Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
242 1SA 6 11 hg4l 0 castings of their tumors “models of their tumors”
243 1SA 6 11 h2re 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
244 1SA 6 12 d3ub 0 The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh Nursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh.
245 1SA 6 12 iv94 0 lowing as they went Lowing is the noise cows make with their voices.
246 1SA 6 12 kpn8 0 they did not turn aside either to the right or to the left “they did not wander off of the highway.” This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they stayed on the highway” or “they went straight ahead”
252 1SA 6 15 km1p 0 The Levites took down the ark According to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark.
253 1SA 6 15 lq8f 0 the box that was with it, where the golden figures were “the box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors”
254 1SA 6 16 ke9z 0 the five rulers of the Philistines “the five Philistine kings”
255 1SA 6 17 rf99 0 tumors Possible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
256 1SA 6 18 vv5i 0 mice Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
257 1SA 6 18 j566 0 fortified cities These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies.
258 1SA 6 18 jy47 figs-personification 0 The great stone…remains a witness The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. Alternate translation: “The great stone…is still there, and people remember what happened on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
261 1SA 6 18 ksv7 0 to this day to the time at which the writer wrote the book
262 1SA 6 19 gl4f 0 they had looked into the ark The ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark.
263 1SA 6 19 vv74 translate-numbers 0 50,070 men “fifty thousand and seventy men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
264 1SA 6 20 zwk1 figs-rquestion 0 Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or 2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or (2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
265 1SA 6 20 bc1z figs-explicit 0 To whom will the ark go up from us? This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. Alternate translation: “Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
266 1SA 6 21 n5gr translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim This was a town in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
267 1SA 7 intro hd2a 0 # 1 Samuel 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter completes the section on Samuel leading Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel begins to worship Yahweh again<br><br>Samuel told the people to get rid of all their idols and worship Yahweh alone. The people were obedient. When the Philistines heard the Israelites were all gathered together, the Philistines attacked, but God defeated them. There was a time of peace during which Samuel settled disputes between the people as the judges had done before.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idioms<br><br>Whenever Samuel spoke to a group of people, he used many idioms: “to turn to” means “to worship”; “with your whole heart” means “completely”; and “rescue from the hand” means “rescued from the power.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
271 1SA 7 3 iz8m figs-metonymy 0 the entire house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house and their descendants. Alternate translation: “all of the descendants of Israel” or “all of the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
272 1SA 7 3 yb5d figs-idiom 0 return to Yahweh with your whole heart Here “with your whole heart” is an idiom that means to be completely devoted to something. Alternate translation: “become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
273 1SA 7 5 bsu1 0 all Israel “all the people of Israel” or “all the Israelites”
274 1SA 7 6 a817 figs-explicit 0 drew water and poured it out before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or (2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
275 1SA 7 7 ey3d figs-explicit 0 the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
276 1SA 7 8 n5ch figs-metonymy 0 save us from the hand of the Philistines The “hand” is a metonym for the power of the person. Alternate translation: “save us from the Philistine army” or “keep the Philistine army from harming us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277 1SA 7 9 b1zp 0 nursing lamb a lamb that is still drinking its mother’s milk
279 1SA 7 9 plu5 0 Yahweh answered him “Yahweh did what Samuel asked him to do”
280 1SA 7 10 k1nw 0 As Samuel…they were routed before Israel This begins to explain what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)).
281 1SA 7 10 cd8j figs-idiom 0 threw them into confusion The word “confusion” here is used as a casual way of saying the Philistines were unable to think clearly. Alternate translation: “made them unable to think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
282 1SA 7 10 k6pl figs-activepassive 0 they were routed before Israel This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or 2) “Israel routed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or (2) “Israel routed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
283 1SA 7 10 i1ra 0 routed To rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm.
284 1SA 7 11 h1ei 0 The men of Israel…Beth Kar This finishes explaining what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)).
285 1SA 7 11 z9iq translate-names 0 Beth Kar This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
289 1SA 7 13 xt6p figs-activepassive 0 the Philistines were subdued This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh subdued the Philistines” or “Yahweh kept the Philistines from causing harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
290 1SA 7 13 xr1h 0 they did not enter the border of Israel The Philistines did not enter Israel’s border to attack them.
291 1SA 7 13 lb3d figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
292 1SA 7 14 li9a figs-activepassive 0 The towns…from Israel were restored to Israel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns…from Israel” or 2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns…from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns…from Israel” or (2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns…from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293 1SA 7 16 p2sh 0 went on a circuit traveled from place to place in a rough circle
294 1SA 7 16 qa19 0 He decided disputes Disputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people.
295 1SA 8 intro ek6j 0 # 1 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### Saul and Samuel<br><br>The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want a king<br><br>When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel’s warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
296 1SA 8 3 d1qv figs-metaphor 0 chased after dishonest gain The writer speaks of money that people would give Samuel’s sons as if it were a person or animal running away from Samuel’s sons, and he speaks of Samuel’s sons as if they were physically chasing that person or animal. Alternate translation: “they worked hard to gain money by being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
297 1SA 8 3 pt6z 0 perverted justice “judged in favor of those who did evil”
298 1SA 8 5 rx69 figs-idiom 0 do not walk in your ways The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “do not do the things you do” or “do not do what is just the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
299 1SA 8 5 qj8f 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations Possible meanings are 1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or 2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them” Possible meanings are (1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or (2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them”
300 1SA 8 5 jwe4 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us The leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly.
301 1SA 8 6 z6je 0 But it displeased Samuel…Give us a king to judge us Samuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had.
302 1SA 8 7 lz95 figs-metonymy 0 Obey the voice of the people Here “the voice” is a metonym for the will or the desire of the people. Alternate translation: “Do what the people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
317 1SA 8 16 eii9 0 Connecting Statement: Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
318 1SA 8 17 yl2b translate-fraction 0 the tenth of your flocks They will have to divide their flocks into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king’s officers and servants. See how you translated “tenth” in [1 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
319 1SA 8 17 t81y 0 you will be his slaves “you will feel as if you are his slaves”
320 1SA 8 18 l9mn 0 you will cry out Possible meanings are 1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or 2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly . Possible meanings are (1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or (2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly .
321 1SA 8 21 mk43 figs-synecdoche 0 he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh Here “the ears of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. Alternate translation: “he repeated them to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
322 1SA 8 22 d8pw figs-metonymy 0 Obey their voice Here the metonym “their voice” refers to the will of the people. Alternate translation: “Obey the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
323 1SA 8 22 s4b6 0 cause someone to be king for them “make someone king over them.” Use the common term in your language for making someone king.
324 1SA 8 22 vjc2 0 go to his own city “go home”
325 1SA 9 intro kus3 0 # 1 Samuel 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Samuel chooses Saul to be their king<br><br>When the donkeys of Saul’s father strayed away, Saul went looking for them. When he could not find them, he asked Samuel to ask God where they were. Samuel said the donkeys had been found. He invited Saul as the guest of honor to a feast and gave him a place to sleep for the night.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Saul uses two rhetorical questions to convince Samuel he is not important: “Am not I a Benjamite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel? Is not my clan the least of all the clans of the tribe of Benjamin?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
326 1SA 9 1 y487 writing-background 0 General Information: If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
327 1SA 9 1 k9kq 0 a man of influence Possible meanings are 1) he was a wealthy man or 2) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man. Possible meanings are (1) he was a wealthy man or (2) he was a nobleman or (3) he was a mighty and brave man.
328 1SA 9 1 sxy3 translate-names 0 Kish…Abiel…Zeror…Bekorath…Aphiah These are names of the men of Saul’s family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
329 1SA 9 1 q9zb 0 Benjamite A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin.
330 1SA 9 2 b5il 0 handsome someone who looks good
355 1SA 9 22 wn3v 0 the hall The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together.
356 1SA 9 22 rw25 0 head place This is the seat of honor.
357 1SA 9 22 tpy7 translate-numbers 0 thirty people “30 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
358 1SA 9 24 s46f 0 what was on it Possible meanings are 1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or 2) other parts of the bull. Possible meanings are (1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or (2) other parts of the bull.
359 1SA 9 24 v2sc 0 Then Samuel said In the original language it is not clear who is speaking. It is possible that the cook is speaking to Saul. Alternate translation: “Then the cook said”
360 1SA 9 25 i36v 0 on the rooftop This is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house.
361 1SA 9 26 r8sh figs-explicit 0 Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
374 1SA 10 7 drt6 figs-personification 0 do whatever your hand finds to do Here Samuel speaks of Saul’s hand as if it were a person trying to find things. Alternate translation: “do whatever you think is right to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
375 1SA 10 9 ifw6 figs-idiom 0 God gave him another heart God enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
376 1SA 10 10 lyd4 figs-personification 0 the Spirit of God rushed upon him Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
377 1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? Possible meanings are 1) the people are asking for information or 2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
378 1SA 10 11 us3j 0 the son of Kish “Saul, the son of Kish”
379 1SA 10 12 g5tt figs-rquestion 0 Then who is their father? This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
380 1SA 10 12 v7kp writing-proverbs 0 Because of this, it became a saying, “Is Saul also one of the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, ‘Is Saul really one of the prophets?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
452 1SA 13 2 esc4 0 The rest of the soldiers he sent home “He sent the rest of the soldiers home”
453 1SA 13 3 j52z 0 garrison of the Philistines “military base of the Philistines” or “military camp of the Philistines”
454 1SA 13 3 ia2v translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
455 1SA 13 4 m9rj 0 All Israel heard that Saul had defeated Possible meanings are that 1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or 2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions. Possible meanings are that (1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or (2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions.
456 1SA 13 4 mef1 figs-metaphor 0 Israel had become a rotten smell to the Philistines The Philistines hating the Israelites is spoken of as if the Israelites had become a bad smell that offended the Philistines. Alternate translation: “the Philistines hated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
457 1SA 13 4 en9q figs-activepassive 0 the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
458 1SA 13 5 ez1f translate-numbers 0 three thousand…six thousand “3,000…6,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
576 1SA 14 42 rw4a figs-activepassive 0 Then Jonathan was taken by lot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the lot indicated that Jonathan was guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
577 1SA 14 43 am45 0 General Information: The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned.
578 1SA 14 43 h3ee 0 Tell me what you have done “Tell me how you have sinned” or “Tell me what you have done that was wrong”
579 1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die Possible meanings are 1) “I am willing to die” or 2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?” Possible meanings are (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?”
580 1SA 14 44 bhu1 0 God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. Alternate translation: “May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan”
581 1SA 14 45 sym5 0 General Information: The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul.
582 1SA 14 45 q95l figs-rquestion 0 Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! The people scold Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
614 1SA 15 11 u8i3 0 It grieves me “I am sorry”
615 1SA 15 11 fu9h figs-metaphor 0 he has turned back from following me Saul not obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if Saul had physically turned away from walking behind God. Alternate translation: “he has stopped following me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
616 1SA 15 11 zml2 0 has not performed my commandments “has not obeyed what I commanded him to do.” Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live.
617 1SA 15 11 uwz4 0 Samuel was angry Possible meanings are 1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or 2) Samuel was disturbed. Possible meanings are (1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or (2) Samuel was disturbed.
618 1SA 15 12 g77w 0 Samuel was told “Someone told Samuel”
619 1SA 15 12 hh8y 0 he set up a monument to himself Saul was full of pride.
620 1SA 15 12 fp2t 0 down to Gilgal Gilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel.
704 1SA 16 16 y7wp figs-123person 0 Let our master now command The servants refer to Saul in the third person as “our master.” Alternate translation: “We ask that you, our master, command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
705 1SA 16 16 qwf8 figs-123person 0 command your servants who are before you to look The servants refer to themselves in the third person as “your servants.” Alternate translation: “command us, your servants who attend to you, to look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
706 1SA 16 16 u14z 0 is on you “troubles you”
707 1SA 16 18 jui1 0 a strong, courageous man Possible meanings are 1) “a great warrior” or 2) “a very brave man.” Possible meanings are (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very brave man.”
708 1SA 16 18 bp1w 0 one prudent in speech “one wise in speech” or “one who speaks wisely”
709 1SA 16 18 l27k figs-idiom 0 Yahweh is with him Here “with him” means Yahweh helps and blesses David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
710 1SA 16 21 g496 figs-go 0 David came to Saul Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
737 1SA 17 16 wi92 translate-numbers 0 For forty days “For 40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
738 1SA 17 16 vf87 0 to present himself for battle “to show that he was ready to fight”
739 1SA 17 17 t66s translate-bvolume 0 ephah An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
740 1SA 17 18 n9tr translate-numbers 0 the captain of their thousand “the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) “the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
741 1SA 17 18 ms2j 0 See how your brothers are doing “Check and find out how your brothers are doing”
742 1SA 17 19 i8wt 0 all the men of Israel “all the soldiers of Israel”
743 1SA 17 19 fa7e translate-names 0 the Valley of Elah This is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](../17/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
823 1SA 18 10 me9n 0 he raved “he acted crazy”
824 1SA 18 12 d2h6 0 Yahweh was with him “Yahweh was with David”
825 1SA 18 13 a354 0 So Saul removed him from his presence “So Saul removed David from his presence”
826 1SA 18 13 uwr1 translate-numbers 0 a commander of a thousand Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
827 1SA 18 13 zlq6 figs-idiom 0 David went out and came in before the people Here “the people” refers to the soldiers under David’s command. The phrases “went out” and “came in” are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. Alternate translation: “David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
828 1SA 18 15 cml9 figs-idiom 0 he stood in awe of him Here “stood in awe” is an idiom that means to fear. Alternate translation: “he feared David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
829 1SA 18 16 bgb3 figs-metonymy 0 all Israel and Judah loved David Here “Israel and Judah” represent the people of all of the tribes. Alternate translation: “all the people in Israel and Judah loved David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
865 1SA 19 11 zcu4 figs-idiom 0 If you do not save your life Here “save your life” is an idiom that refers to escape. Alternate translation: “If you do not escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
866 1SA 19 11 www7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
867 1SA 19 12 rx5e 0 General Information: Michal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David’s bed look like he is sleeping in it.
868 1SA 19 13 pt3r 0 she put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes Possible meanings are 1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or 2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes. Possible meanings are (1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or (2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes.
869 1SA 19 14 bsi6 0 General Information: Saul acts out his desire to kill David.
870 1SA 19 14 ar16 0 take David “take David back to Saul”
871 1SA 19 14 er9p 0 she said Here “she” refers to Michal.
872 1SA 19 15 uu8k figs-explicit 0 Bring him up to me in the bed The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
873 1SA 19 16 gw7d 0 pillow of goats’ hair See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md).
874 1SA 19 16 mmv5 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw.
875 1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? Possible meanings are 1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or 2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
876 1SA 19 17 g47n figs-rquestion 0 Let me go. Why should I kill you? Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
877 1SA 19 18 e48b 0 General Information: David flees to Samuel.
878 1SA 19 18 hj2z 0 Now This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story.
912 1SA 20 13 yn8n figs-idiom 0 may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
913 1SA 20 14 q3ac 0 General Information: Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain.
914 1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
915 1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Possible meanings for “of Yahweh” are 1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or 2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Possible meanings for “of Yahweh” are (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
916 1SA 20 16 n5b7 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
917 1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are 1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or 2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
918 1SA 20 17 l3uj figs-synecdoche 0 he loved him as he loved his own soul Here “his own soul” refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
919 1SA 20 18 f5bi figs-activepassive 0 You will be missed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My father will miss you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
920 1SA 20 19 ki6m figs-idiom 0 when the business was in hand Here “business was in hand” is an idiom that refers to when everything happened. Alternate translation: “when everything happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
925 1SA 20 21 qr7r 0 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
926 1SA 20 21 qbg1 0 then come “then you, David, come”
927 1SA 20 22 ch37 0 Connecting Statement: Jonathan continues to speak to David.
928 1SA 20 23 r1jg 0 see, Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “we know that Yahweh” or 2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.” Possible meanings are (1) “we know that Yahweh” or (2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.”
929 1SA 20 23 hmt6 0 Yahweh is between you and me Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or 2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other” Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other”
930 1SA 20 25 upz8 translate-manuscripts 0 Jonathan stood up Some ancient copies have “Jonathan sat across from him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]])
931 1SA 20 26 j8dr 0 He is not clean; surely he is not clean According to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself.
932 1SA 20 28 e5rh 0 asked permission from me to go “asked me to allow him to go”
947 1SA 20 38 s42f 0 called after the young man, “Hurry “called out to the young man, who was running away from him, ‘Hurry”
948 1SA 20 41 b73c 0 the mound It seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones.
949 1SA 20 41 pg9k 0 lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times. David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King’s son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan.
950 1SA 20 42 t28c 0 May Yahweh be between you and me Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or 2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md). Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md).
951 1SA 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Samuel 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 21:11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David and the chief priest<br>David visits the chief priest and lies to him about being on a special mission for the king. He asks for food, weapons, and prayer. The chief priest gives him some sacred bread and Goliath’s sword and prays for him.<br><br>### David and the king of Gath<br>David flees to Gath. The advisers to the king tell him that David is almost the king of Israel. David becomes afraid of the king and pretends to be insane.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>The king of Gath’s advisers use two rhetorical questions to warn him about how dangerous David could be: “Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
952 1SA 21 1 sxr5 translate-names 0 Nob This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
953 1SA 21 1 lxn7 translate-names 0 Ahimelech This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
966 1SA 21 5 hx9a figs-activepassive 0 How much more today will what they have be set apart This is a statement, not a question. It can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is especially true today that they will set apart what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967 1SA 21 6 u4vn figs-activepassive 0 the bread that was set apart This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the bread that the priests had set apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
968 1SA 21 6 vbr7 figs-activepassive 0 which was removed from before Yahweh, in order to put This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the priests had removed from before Yahweh so that they could put” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
969 1SA 21 7 tmz8 figs-activepassive 0 detained before Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or 2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are that (1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
970 1SA 21 7 z642 figs-explicit 0 Doeg…herdsmen You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. Alternate translation: “Doeg…herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
971 1SA 21 7 zg8g translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man from the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
972 1SA 21 7 ye4p 0 herdsmen the keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep
977 1SA 21 11 sc99 figs-rquestion 0 Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul…thousands?’ This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul…thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
978 1SA 21 12 rqg7 figs-metonymy 0 David took these words to heart Here “took…to heart” is a metonym to think seriously about what was said. Alternate translation: “David thought seriously about what the servants said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
979 1SA 21 13 ai6n figs-synecdoche 0 in their hands Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
980 1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? Possible meanings are 1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or 2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
981 1SA 21 15 kl34 figs-rquestion 0 Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: “There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
982 1SA 21 15 k152 figs-rquestion 0 Will this fellow really come into my house? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
983 1SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David assembles a force of unhappy people<br>David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Saul and the chief priest’s family<br>Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God’s representatives and are rebelling against God’s king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])<br>
994 1SA 22 5 xg56 translate-names 0 Hereth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
995 1SA 22 6 jvw8 figs-activepassive 0 David had been discovered, along with the men who were with him Saul was most interested in David, so the writer mentions the other men separately. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had discovered where David and all the men who were with him were hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
996 1SA 22 6 yk86 translate-unknown 0 the tamarisk tree This is a type of tree. Alternate translation: “a large shade tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
997 1SA 22 6 bpn2 0 in Ramah Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” Possible meanings are 1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or 2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill” Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” Possible meanings are (1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or (2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill”
998 1SA 22 7 h9sv figs-rquestion 0 Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards? Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The son of Jesse will not give you fields or vineyards.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
999 1SA 22 7 ft1b figs-explicit 0 Will the son of Jesse give The time when he will give can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1000 1SA 22 7 fhn5 0 the son of Jesse “David”
1001 1SA 22 7 p8rr figs-rquestion 0 Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “He will not make you captains of thousands and captains of hundreds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1002 1SA 22 7 hy7f figs-explicit 0 Will he make you all captains You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king, will he make you all captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1003 1SA 22 7 ktw6 translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1004 1SA 22 8 r9wd 0 Connecting Statement: This continues what Saul said to his servants.
1005 1SA 22 9 e96p translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1006 1SA 22 9 mj61 translate-names 0 Nob…Ahimelech This is a place name and the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1022 1SA 22 17 nr49 figs-synecdoche 0 their hand also is with David The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “they also help David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1023 1SA 22 17 gd4u figs-metonymy 0 would not put out their hand to kill The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “did not do anything to kill” or “refused to kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1024 1SA 22 18 kxa2 figs-idiom 0 Turn and kill the priests…turned and attacked the priests Here “Turn” means to turn around or turn away from the king. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Go and kill the priests…went and attacked” or “Kill the priest…attacked the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1025 1SA 22 18 g41e figs-explicit 0 Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked…he killed Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked…they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked…they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1026 1SA 22 18 lsc1 translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1027 1SA 22 18 c5xv translate-numbers 0 eighty-five persons “85 men” or “85 priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1028 1SA 22 19 qi5d figs-explicit 0 He also put to the sword…he put to the sword Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword…they put to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword…they put to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1029 1SA 22 19 eh6l 0 put to the sword “killed with the sword”
1030 1SA 22 19 ru75 translate-names 0 Nob Nob is the name of a city. Here the name “Nob” represents the people of that city. Alternate translation: “the people in the city of Nob” or “the people of Nob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1031 1SA 22 20 g9ps translate-names 0 Abiathar This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1098 1SA 24 14 ng1t figs-rquestion 0 After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. When David asks the questions, he knows that he will answer the questions himself. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you who the king of Israel has come out after. Let me tell you who it is that you are pursuing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1099 1SA 24 14 jfp1 figs-metaphor 0 After a dead dog The words “dead dog” are a metaphor for a powerless person. This sentence can be made complete. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as powerless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1100 1SA 24 14 u7sh figs-metaphor 0 After a flea The word “flea” is a metaphor for a person whom others do not consider important. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as unimportant as a flea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1101 1SA 24 15 cbv2 0 see to it, and plead my cause Possible meanings are 1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or 2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.” Possible meanings are (1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or (2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.”
1102 1SA 24 15 g89c figs-metonymy 0 from your hand The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “so that you have no power over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1103 1SA 24 16 wzm1 figs-metaphor 0 my son David Saul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1104 1SA 24 16 jg3p figs-metaphor 0 lifted up his voice and wept The writer writes as if a voice were something a person could lift up with his hands. Alternate translation: “wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1106 1SA 24 18 p931 0 for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy Saul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh’s anointed.
1107 1SA 24 19 s8ie figs-rquestion 0 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. Alternate translation: “For if a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1108 1SA 24 19 p5v5 0 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh’s appointed time.
1109 1SA 24 20 j61i figs-activepassive 0 the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or 2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or (2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1110 1SA 24 20 ge3u figs-metonymy 0 in your hand The word “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1111 1SA 24 21 lj2i 0 you will not cut off my descendants after me “you will not kill my sons and their families.” It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne.
1112 1SA 24 21 hr5u figs-metonymy 0 you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house It is important for each family in Israel to have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. Alternate translation: “you will not destroy my family and descendants” or “you will allow my family to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1114 1SA 25 intro abcp 0 # 1 Samuel 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Revenge<br>When David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal’s household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br><br>
1115 1SA 25 1 nvn1 figs-hyperbole 0 All Israel gathered together and mourned for him This is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1116 1SA 25 1 xdb3 0 gathered together “met together”
1117 1SA 25 1 n1il 0 buried him in his house at Ramah Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel 1) in his home town of Ramah or 2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or 3) in his house in Ramah. Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel (1) in his home town of Ramah or (2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or (3) in his house in Ramah.
1118 1SA 25 1 l3mw 0 David rose and went down “David and his men moved on and they went down”
1119 1SA 25 2 na8t 0 There was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy. Some translators may need to put the ideas in these verses in a different order. Alternate translation: “There was a very wealthy man in Maon whose possessions were in Carmel.”
1120 1SA 25 2 alm4 translate-names 0 Maon This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1160 1SA 25 18 e7nf 0 parched grain “grain that someone had cooked”
1161 1SA 25 18 twx7 0 clusters of raisins “cakes of raisins” or “masses of raisins”
1162 1SA 25 20 d3l8 0 David and his men “David and his army”
1163 1SA 25 20 wcs5 0 by the cover of the mountain Possible meanings are 1) into a low, narrow stream bed or 2) to where the men were hiding. Possible meanings are (1) into a low, narrow stream bed or (2) to where the men were hiding.
1164 1SA 25 21 h5uv writing-background 0 The writer gives background information before he continues with the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1165 1SA 25 21 nzw1 0 Now David had said, “Surely…for good. The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, “Every man strap on his sword” in [1 Samuel 25:13](../25/13.md).
1166 1SA 25 21 vv7p 0 Now David The word “Now” shows that the writer has stopped writing about Abigail and started writing about David.
1202 1SA 25 31 bql2 figs-pronouns 0 my master…himself…my master…your servant Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people, to show that she respects David. “you…yourself…you…me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1203 1SA 25 31 m9fd 0 when Yahweh will do good for my master That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul’s reign is over.
1204 1SA 25 32 i5t4 0 General Information: David accepts Abigail’s counsel and gifts.
1205 1SA 25 32 ze7a figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh…be blessed, he who This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “I praise Yahweh…who” or 2) “May all people praise Yahweh…who.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “I praise Yahweh…who” or (2) “May all people praise Yahweh…who.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1206 1SA 25 33 xel2 figs-activepassive 0 Your wisdom is blessed and you are blessed, because This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I thank Yahweh because he has blessed you by making you wise and because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1207 1SA 25 33 m4g6 0 bloodshed murder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](../25/26.md).
1208 1SA 25 33 er78 figs-metonymy 0 with my own hand The word “hand” here is a metonym for the action taken by the hand. Alternate translation: “by my own actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1216 1SA 25 37 u2tf 0 the wine had gone out of Nabal Nabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy.
1217 1SA 25 37 g4h6 0 his heart died within him Nabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke.
1218 1SA 25 39 y8vj 0 General Information: David offers to protect Abigail by marrying her.
1219 1SA 25 39 ir6z figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or 2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1220 1SA 25 39 j9hl figs-idiom 0 has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1221 1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or 2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1222 1SA 25 39 w9kj figs-pronouns 0 has kept back his servant from evil David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1223 1SA 25 39 cq6p figs-abstractnouns 0 has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head The abstract noun “action” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1224 1SA 25 39 lb46 figs-synecdoche 0 on his own head The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1261 1SA 26 14 i2zz 0 David shouted “David spoke as loudly as he could” so Saul and his men could hear him
1262 1SA 26 15 e3xd figs-rquestion 0 Are not you a courageous man? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are a very brave man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1263 1SA 26 15 it27 figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you in Israel? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are the greatest soldier in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1264 1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? Possible meanings are 1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or 2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1265 1SA 26 17 d5y6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1266 1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1267 1SA 26 18 ah3m figs-123person 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him “my master,” and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself “his servant.” David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?” or “Why are you pursuing me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1268 1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1269 1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are 1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or 2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1270 1SA 26 19 xsj9 figs-pronouns 0 you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you my king, listen to my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1271 1SA 26 19 xi81 0 stirred you up against me “caused you to be angry with me”
1272 1SA 26 19 sn5d figs-explicit 0 let him accept an offering You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate translation: “I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1277 1SA 26 20 dm6i figs-euphemism 0 do not let my blood fall to the earth This is a polite way of saying “do not kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1278 1SA 26 20 km1g figs-metaphor 0 the one flea David uses the word “flea” as a metaphor for a person, himself, who cannot do any great harm. Alternate translation: “this single flea” or “me, and I cannot harm you any more than one flea can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279 1SA 26 20 ua6e figs-simile 0 as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1280 1SA 26 21 w8jk 0 Return Possible meanings are 1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or “Return to your home.” Possible meanings are (1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or (2) “Return to your home.”
1281 1SA 26 21 l7a6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1282 1SA 26 21 sy9u figs-metaphor 0 my life was precious in your eyes today Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “today you have considered my life to be very valuable” or “today you showed me that you really do respect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1283 1SA 26 21 zs9x 0 played the fool “been very foolish”
1338 1SA 28 8 mj1t 0 Divine for me…with a spirit “Talk to the dead for me”
1339 1SA 28 9 qv53 0 those who talk with the dead or with spirits The words “those who talk with the dead” translate as one word in the original language, and the words “those who…talk with spirits” also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
1340 1SA 28 9 fdu8 figs-synecdoche 0 my life The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1341 1SA 28 13 bz39 0 a god Other possible meanings are 1) “one like God” or 2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)). Other possible meanings are (1) “one like God” or (2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)).
1342 1SA 28 17 wpr2 figs-metaphor 0 torn the kingdom out of your hand Samuel speaks as if the kingdom were a physical object that could be held in the hand and grabbed out by another person. Alternate translation: “made you so you are no longer king” or “made another person king in your place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1343 1SA 28 19 wl9u figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will give Israel along with you into the hand of the Philistines Samuel speaks as if the people of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to you and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344 1SA 28 19 i48b figs-euphemism 0 will be with me This is a polite way to say that Saul will die. Alternate translation: “will be dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1355 1SA 29 2 tq6l 0 passed on by hundreds and by thousands “divided their men into groups; some groups had one hundred soldiers and some groups had one thousand soldiers”
1356 1SA 29 2 j1vs translate-numbers 0 hundreds…thousands 100s…1,000s (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1357 1SA 29 2 vft1 0 David and his men passed on in the rear guard with Achish The groups of hundreds and thousands passed on first, then Achish and his helpers, and then David, his men, and the other Philistine soldiers, who were guarding Achish.
1358 1SA 29 3 s77q figs-rquestion 0 What are these Hebrews doing here? Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are Alternate translation: 1) “You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us.” or 2) “Tell us who these Hebrews are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are Alternate translation: (1) “You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us.” or (2) “Tell us who these Hebrews are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1359 1SA 29 3 sj73 figs-rquestion 0 Is not this David…these years, and I have found…this day? Another possible translation is “Is not this David,…these years? I have found…this day.” The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that this is David…these years. I have found…this day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1360 1SA 29 3 ri13 figs-litotes 0 I have found no fault with him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know of nothing that he has done wrong” or “I am very pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1361 1SA 29 4 i611 figs-synecdoche 0 He will not go down with us into battle The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1371 1SA 30 intro abcu 0 # 1 Samuel 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David fights the Amalekites<br>When David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled.
1372 1SA 30 1 u6dp 0 Ziklag Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families.
1373 1SA 30 2 i8bg 0 they the Amalekites
1374 1SA 30 2 l5au 0 both small and great Possible meanings are 1) “both unimportant people and important people” or 2) “both physically small and physically large.” Possible meanings are (1) “both unimportant people and important people” or (2) “both physically small and physically large.”
1375 1SA 30 3 tr67 0 their wives…sons…daughters belonging to David and his men
1376 1SA 30 3 hh3k figs-activepassive 0 it was burned, and their wives…daughters were taken captive This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they saw that someone had burned it and taken their wives…captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1377 1SA 30 4 i5ts 0 the people that were with him These were mainly his army of men.
1381 1SA 30 5 acw2 translate-names 0 Ahinoam…Abigail women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1382 1SA 30 6 e6z1 0 distressed suffering
1383 1SA 30 6 q4yw figs-synecdoche 0 all the people were bitter in spirit The word “bitter” is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word “spirit” is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “all the people were ready to rebel against David” or “all the people were very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1384 1SA 30 6 plf4 0 David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God Possible meanings are 1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or 2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.” Possible meanings are (1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or (2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.”
1385 1SA 30 7 na36 0 General Information: David seeks Yahweh’s direction in dealing with the raid on his people.
1386 1SA 30 8 l4pe figs-abstractnouns 0 David prayed to Yahweh for direction The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1387 1SA 30 8 a2ps 0 pursue chase and try to catch
1405 1SA 30 18 gv1e 0 recovered…rescued “got back…got back.” These two words translate the same Hebrew word. Your language may also have a word for a person getting his own property back from the person who stole it that is different from the word for a person getting his wife back from those who have captured her.
1406 1SA 30 18 zen4 0 rescued his two wives “got his two wives back” or “saved his two wives from danger”
1407 1SA 30 19 f95n 0 Nothing was missing “None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost”
1408 1SA 30 19 h16q 0 neither small nor great Possible meanings are 1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or 2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md). Possible meanings are (1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or (2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md).
1409 1SA 30 19 we47 0 booty goods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
1410 1SA 30 21 r2q2 translate-numbers 0 two hundred 200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1411 1SA 30 21 e3fw translate-names 0 the brook Besor a small stream or creek named Besor. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](../30/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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en_tn_10-2SA.tsv
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@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 1 2 vci9 translate-ordinal 0 On the third day “After three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2SA 1 2 v6vv translate-symaction 0 with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 1 2 js3t translate-symaction 0 he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 1 4 j45j 0 Many have fallen and many are dead Possible meanings are 1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or 2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
2SA 1 4 j45j 0 Many have fallen and many are dead Possible meanings are (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
2SA 1 6 uks7 0 By chance I happened to be This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
2SA 1 6 g386 figs-euphemism 0 Saul was leaning on his spear Possible meanings are 1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or 2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 1 6 g386 figs-euphemism 0 Saul was leaning on his spear Possible meanings are (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 1 8 x88n figs-quotations 0 He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA 1 8 nvy8 0 I am an Amalekite These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
2SA 1 9 t8ly figs-personification 0 great suffering has taken hold of me Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -128,12 +128,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 3 8 jcd6 figs-rquestion 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 8 rjr7 figs-metaphor 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 3 8 jb39 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of David Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are 1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or 2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 9 a45s 0 May God do so to me…and more also, if I do not This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
2SA 3 10 h7qr 0 the house of Saul Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
2SA 3 10 m8b2 figs-metonymy 0 throne of David This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 3 12 y24c translate-textvariants 0 to David Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
2SA 3 12 alc7 figs-rquestion 0 Whose land is this? The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or 2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 12 alc7 figs-rquestion 0 Whose land is this? The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 12 mm4s figs-metonymy 0 my hand is with you Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 3 13 r77z figs-synecdoche 0 you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 3 13 mks3 translate-names 0 Michal This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 5 6 j73y 0 You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
2SA 5 6 m16b figs-nominaladj 0 the blind and the lame Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2SA 5 8 c5p9 0 David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
2SA 5 8 z3vc figs-metonymy 0 The ‘blind and the lame’ Possible meanings are 1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or 2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 5 8 z3vc figs-metonymy 0 The ‘blind and the lame’ Possible meanings are (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 5 11 m9gy translate-names 0 Hiram This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 5 11 fv7z 0 carpenters those who work with wood
2SA 5 11 s2rm 0 masons those who work with stone or brick
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 11 5 e4v5 figs-idiom 0 she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.” Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 6 bds8 figs-idiom 0 Then David sent Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 7 vjr7 figs-idiom 0 how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 8 qzu2 figs-idiom 0 Go down to your house Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are 1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or 2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 8 qzu2 figs-idiom 0 Go down to your house Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 8 f1gh figs-metonymy 0 wash your feet This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 11 8 s4b9 figs-metonymy 0 the king sent a gift for Uriah David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 11 9 fp1u 0 his master The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 11 11 k6b2 figs-euphemism 0 to lie with my wife This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 11 11 ww5l figs-simile 0 As sure as you are alive, I will not do this Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA 11 13 a9yz 0 he ate and drank before him “Uriah ate and drank with David”
2SA 11 13 xex1 figs-idiom 0 down to his house Possible meanings of the word “down” are 1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or 2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 13 xex1 figs-idiom 0 down to his house Possible meanings of the word “down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 11 14 c9uz figs-synecdoche 0 sent it by the hand of Uriah The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 11 15 r9ph 0 very front of the most intense battle “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
2SA 11 15 z3us 0 withdraw from him “command the soldiers to back away from him”
@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 14 9 uik4 figs-explicit 0 are guiltless “are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 14 10 fz7h figs-synecdoche 0 says anything to you Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 14 10 pq9j figs-metaphor 0 he will not touch you anymore Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 14 11 jfs2 figs-idiom 0 Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God Possible meanings are 1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or 2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 14 11 jfs2 figs-idiom 0 Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God Possible meanings are (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 14 11 xm1u figs-explicit 0 the avenger of blood This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 14 11 ez62 0 destroy anyone further “cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
2SA 14 11 yv76 0 that they will not destroy my son “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 17 29 hpg5 0 thirsty in need of water or some other drink
2SA 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s mercy<br>David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br>
2SA 18 1 y2u4 figs-metonymy 0 David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 18 1 qt9x translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 18 1 qt9x translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 18 1 pa96 0 captains A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
2SA 18 2 x31q translate-fraction 0 one-third…another third “one-third of the army…another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2SA 18 2 lu6k translate-names 0 Abishai…Zeruiah See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 22 dn85 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you…that you should today be adversaries to me? David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 22 s4fe figs-rquestion 0 Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 22 f3ky figs-idiom 0 Will any man be put to death This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or 2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 24 kg79 translate-names 0 Mephibosheth See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 24 sc2i 0 He had not dressed his feet “He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
2SA 19 25 zrh9 figs-explicit 0 Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth? David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 22 12 mit5 figs-metaphor 0 rain clouds in the skies David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 12 ee39 figs-metaphor 0 He made darkness a tent around him Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 13 x4bf figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell Possible meanings are 1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or 2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell Possible meanings are (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
2SA 22 13 g4lk figs-metaphor 0 From the lightning before him David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 14 d4ht figs-personification 0 The Most High shouted. David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 15 h783 figs-personification 0 He shot arrows David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 22 40 u95h 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 40 k5cg figs-simile 0 You put strength on me like a belt for battle Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA 22 40 ea24 0 you put under me those who rise up against me “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks Possible meanings are 1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or 2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks Possible meanings are (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
2SA 22 41 ip4h 0 I annihilated “I completely destroyed”
2SA 22 42 a9ti 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 42 h32w 0 They cried “My enemies cried”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
5 2SA 1 2 vci9 translate-ordinal 0 On the third day “After three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6 2SA 1 2 v6vv translate-symaction 0 with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
7 2SA 1 2 js3t translate-symaction 0 he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
8 2SA 1 4 j45j 0 Many have fallen and many are dead Possible meanings are 1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or 2) “Many were wounded and killed.” Possible meanings are (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
9 2SA 1 6 uks7 0 By chance I happened to be This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
10 2SA 1 6 g386 figs-euphemism 0 Saul was leaning on his spear Possible meanings are 1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or 2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) Possible meanings are (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11 2SA 1 8 x88n figs-quotations 0 He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
12 2SA 1 8 nvy8 0 I am an Amalekite These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
13 2SA 1 9 t8ly figs-personification 0 great suffering has taken hold of me Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
128 2SA 3 8 jcd6 figs-rquestion 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
129 2SA 3 8 rjr7 figs-metaphor 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130 2SA 3 8 jb39 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of David Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
131 2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are 1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or 2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
132 2SA 3 9 a45s 0 May God do so to me…and more also, if I do not This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
133 2SA 3 10 h7qr 0 the house of Saul Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
134 2SA 3 10 m8b2 figs-metonymy 0 throne of David This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135 2SA 3 12 y24c translate-textvariants 0 to David Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
136 2SA 3 12 alc7 figs-rquestion 0 Whose land is this? The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or 2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
137 2SA 3 12 mm4s figs-metonymy 0 my hand is with you Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
138 2SA 3 13 r77z figs-synecdoche 0 you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
139 2SA 3 13 mks3 translate-names 0 Michal This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
218 2SA 5 6 j73y 0 You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
219 2SA 5 6 m16b figs-nominaladj 0 the blind and the lame Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
220 2SA 5 8 c5p9 0 David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
221 2SA 5 8 z3vc figs-metonymy 0 The ‘blind and the lame’ Possible meanings are 1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or 2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
222 2SA 5 11 m9gy translate-names 0 Hiram This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
223 2SA 5 11 fv7z 0 carpenters those who work with wood
224 2SA 5 11 s2rm 0 masons those who work with stone or brick
484 2SA 11 5 e4v5 figs-idiom 0 she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.” Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
485 2SA 11 6 bds8 figs-idiom 0 Then David sent Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
486 2SA 11 7 vjr7 figs-idiom 0 how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
487 2SA 11 8 qzu2 figs-idiom 0 Go down to your house Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are 1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or 2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
488 2SA 11 8 f1gh figs-metonymy 0 wash your feet This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
489 2SA 11 8 s4b9 figs-metonymy 0 the king sent a gift for Uriah David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
490 2SA 11 9 fp1u 0 his master The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
494 2SA 11 11 k6b2 figs-euphemism 0 to lie with my wife This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
495 2SA 11 11 ww5l figs-simile 0 As sure as you are alive, I will not do this Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
496 2SA 11 13 a9yz 0 he ate and drank before him “Uriah ate and drank with David”
497 2SA 11 13 xex1 figs-idiom 0 down to his house Possible meanings of the word “down” are 1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or 2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings of the word “down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
498 2SA 11 14 c9uz figs-synecdoche 0 sent it by the hand of Uriah The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
499 2SA 11 15 r9ph 0 very front of the most intense battle “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
500 2SA 11 15 z3us 0 withdraw from him “command the soldiers to back away from him”
689 2SA 14 9 uik4 figs-explicit 0 are guiltless “are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
690 2SA 14 10 fz7h figs-synecdoche 0 says anything to you Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
691 2SA 14 10 pq9j figs-metaphor 0 he will not touch you anymore Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
692 2SA 14 11 jfs2 figs-idiom 0 Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God Possible meanings are 1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or 2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
693 2SA 14 11 xm1u figs-explicit 0 the avenger of blood This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
694 2SA 14 11 ez62 0 destroy anyone further “cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
695 2SA 14 11 yv76 0 that they will not destroy my son “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
955 2SA 17 29 hpg5 0 thirsty in need of water or some other drink
956 2SA 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s mercy<br>David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br>
957 2SA 18 1 y2u4 figs-metonymy 0 David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
958 2SA 18 1 qt9x translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
959 2SA 18 1 pa96 0 captains A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
960 2SA 18 2 x31q translate-fraction 0 one-third…another third “one-third of the army…another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
961 2SA 18 2 lu6k translate-names 0 Abishai…Zeruiah See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1069 2SA 19 22 dn85 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you…that you should today be adversaries to me? David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1070 2SA 19 22 s4fe figs-rquestion 0 Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1071 2SA 19 22 f3ky figs-idiom 0 Will any man be put to death This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1072 2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or 2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1073 2SA 19 24 kg79 translate-names 0 Mephibosheth See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1074 2SA 19 24 sc2i 0 He had not dressed his feet “He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
1075 2SA 19 25 zrh9 figs-explicit 0 Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth? David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1256 2SA 22 12 mit5 figs-metaphor 0 rain clouds in the skies David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1257 2SA 22 12 ee39 figs-metaphor 0 He made darkness a tent around him Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1258 2SA 22 13 x4bf figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1259 2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell Possible meanings are 1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or 2) “From his brightness he sent lightning” Possible meanings are (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
1260 2SA 22 13 g4lk figs-metaphor 0 From the lightning before him David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1261 2SA 22 14 d4ht figs-personification 0 The Most High shouted. David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1262 2SA 22 15 h783 figs-personification 0 He shot arrows David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1312 2SA 22 40 u95h 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1313 2SA 22 40 k5cg figs-simile 0 You put strength on me like a belt for battle Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1314 2SA 22 40 ea24 0 you put under me those who rise up against me “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
1315 2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks Possible meanings are 1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or 2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him. Possible meanings are (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
1316 2SA 22 41 ip4h 0 I annihilated “I completely destroyed”
1317 2SA 22 42 a9ti 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1318 2SA 22 42 h32w 0 They cried “My enemies cried”

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@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 36 q1hs 0 So let it be! They agree and will do what King David said.
1KI 1 36 u4b9 figs-pronouns 0 May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1KI 1 37 v83u figs-pronouns 0 has been with my master the king, so Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “has been with you, my master the king, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1KI 1 37 l4nd figs-metonymy 0 make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David The word “throne” is a metonym for either 1) the person who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David” or 2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. Alternate translation: “make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 37 l4nd figs-metonymy 0 make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David The word “throne” is a metonym for either (1) the person who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David” or (2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. Alternate translation: “make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 37 fzr9 figs-pronouns 0 the throne of my master King David Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “your throne, my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1KI 1 38 ec4p 0 General Information: The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel.
1KI 1 38 nk4t translate-names 0 Kerethites…Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 38 t1rd translate-names 0 Gihon This is the name of a spring, where fresh water comes out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 39 l324 0 took the horn of oil out of the tent This means the priest took the special animal horn filled with olive oil that was kept in Yahweh’s special tent.
1KI 1 39 v593 0 took the horn of oil Possible meanings are 1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or 2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. Alternate translation: “took a container of oil”
1KI 1 39 v593 0 took the horn of oil Possible meanings are (1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or (2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. Alternate translation: “took a container of oil”
1KI 1 39 uf1x figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 1 41 qc57 0 General Information: Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news.
1KI 1 43 m386 0 General Information: Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king.
1KI 1 44 bah7 translate-names 0 Kerethites…Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 46 lbn6 0 General Information: Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon.
1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom Possible meanings are (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day Possible meanings are (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 49 k3ln 0 General Information: Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon.
1KI 1 49 iqg3 figs-idiom 0 They stood up Another possible meaning is “They began to act quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 1 50 lg7j 0 Adonijah…took hold of the horns of the altar The “horns of the altar” symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh, but because Adonijah literally went into the area of the physical tent to take literal hold of the physical horns, you should translate this literally.
@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 2 4 j114 figs-metonymy 0 you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel The word “throne” is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes “will never cease to have” can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel” or “one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1KI 2 5 ypg2 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
1KI 2 5 vc4k 0 what Joab…did to me, and what he did David is referring to the same thing twice. Alternate translation: “what Joab…did to me—that is, what he did”
1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace Possible meanings are 1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or 2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet Possible meanings are 1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or 2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace Possible meanings are (1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or (2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet Possible meanings are (1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or (2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 6 hm11 figs-metonymy 0 do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a “gray head.” Alternate translation: “make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 7 d2gq 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
1KI 2 7 p85c translate-names 0 Barzillai a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 2 41 mvk6 figs-activepassive 0 Solomon was told This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 2 42 c16y figs-rquestion 0 Did I not make you swear…saying, ‘Know…die’? Solomon is reminding Shimei of what Shimei had promised. Alternate translation: “You know very well that I made you swear…saying, ‘Know…die’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 2 43 bt3j 0 General Information: King Solomon pronounces judgment upon Shimei for leaving Jerusalem.
1KI 2 43 pue7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept your oath…you? Possible meanings are 1) Solomon is asking for an answer or 2) Alternate translation: “You have done wrong by breaking your oath…you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 2 43 pue7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept your oath…you? Possible meanings are (1) Solomon is asking for an answer or (2) Alternate translation: “You have done wrong by breaking your oath…you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 2 44 f7q3 figs-synecdoche 0 will return your wickedness on your own head Here the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person’s head. Alternate translation: “will hold you responsible for all your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 2 45 r843 0 General Information: King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death.
1KI 2 45 fx8t figs-metonymy 0 the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever Here “throne of David” represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 6 11 czi8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Solomon, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Solomon. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Solomon:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 6 12 vb8r figs-metonymy 0 which you are building Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “which you are having your workers build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 6 12 af43 figs-metaphor 0 walk in my statutes The word “walk” is a metaphor for “live” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “continually obey all my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 6 12 qx38 0 do justice Possible meanings are 1) “carry out all of my laws” or 2) “treat the people whom you are ruling justly.”
1KI 6 12 qx38 0 do justice Possible meanings are (1) “carry out all of my laws” or (2) “treat the people whom you are ruling justly.”
1KI 6 12 g495 figs-parallelism 0 keep all my commandments and walk in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the importance of obeying God’s commandments. AT “carefully obey all I tell you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1KI 6 12 x4rb 0 I will confirm my promise with you that I had made to David your father “I will do everything I promised David your father that I would do for you”
1KI 6 14 k3ad figs-metonymy 0 Solomon Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 7 6 nzf9 0 portico an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building’s entrance door. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:3](../06/03.md)
1KI 7 7 u94c 0 General Information: The author writes about the hall of the throne.
1KI 7 7 t73g figs-metonymy 0 Solomon built Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: “Solomon had them build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne Possible meanings are 1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or 2) “a house named The King’s Chair House”
1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne Possible meanings are (1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or (2) “a house named The King’s Chair House”
1KI 7 7 va4a figs-activepassive 0 It was covered with cedar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers covered the floor with cedar wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 7 7 h3cp 0 from floor to floor This refers to the entire floor. Alternate translation: “from one wall to the other”
1KI 7 8 vv7n 0 General Information: The author continues to write about the palace area.
@ -561,11 +561,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 7 48 e2d6 figs-activepassive 0 on which the bread of the presence was to be placed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 7 49 kb8t 0 the flowers, the lamps The “flowers” and “lamps” were part of the lampstands.
1KI 7 50 tev9 figs-activepassive 0 had made the cups…all of which were made of pure gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “had his workers make all the cups…out of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 7 50 y2nn 0 sockets of gold made for the doors Here “sockets” may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung.
1KI 7 50 y2nn 0 sockets of gold made for the doors Here “sockets” may refer to either (1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or (2) the hinges on which the doors hung.
1KI 7 51 x9f6 figs-activepassive 0 the work that King Solomon directed for the house of Yahweh was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 8 intro h96s 0 # 1 Kings 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Celebration of the temple’s completion<br>When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>Solomon prayed that God would respond to people’s prayers using an idiom: “that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
1KI 8 1 kla2 0 assembled the elders of Israel “called together the leaders of Israel”
1KI 8 2 vy83 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 2 vy83 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 2 uam7 0 at the feast This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also known as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters .
1KI 8 2 j1l1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Ethanim, which is the seventh month “Ethanim” is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 8 5 wl1z figs-hyperbole 0 all the assembly of Israel This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 8 24 zl94 figs-metonymy 0 fulfilled it with your hand The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. Alternate translation: “by your power fulfilled what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 8 25 u5vi figs-metonymy 0 to sit on the throne of Israel The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 8 25 k2lb figs-metaphor 0 walk before me…have walked before me The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “live as I want you to…have lived as I want you to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 8 27 ke8z figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 8 27 ke8z figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 8 27 lex3 figs-123person 0 But will God Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “But will you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1KI 8 27 dxu6 0 Look “What I am about to say is important” or “The truth is that”
1KI 8 27 b6jr 0 you—how much less can this temple that I have built “you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you”
@ -613,15 +613,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 8 32 mt2d figs-synecdoche 0 upon his own head Here “head” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 8 32 ls6h 0 give to him according to his righteousness “to give him what he deserves because he is righteous”
1KI 8 33 sjq6 figs-activepassive 0 your people Israel are defeated by an enemy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
1KI 8 33 axr3 figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness from you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1KI 8 35 ij63 figs-metaphor 0 the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. Alternate translation: “you do not allow rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md).
1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md).
1KI 8 36 uz9g figs-metaphor 0 in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 8 37 e7f8 0 blight or mildew These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively.
1KI 8 37 c2vc 0 locusts or caterpillars A “locust” is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word “caterpillar” refers to an early growth stage of the locust.
1KI 8 38 li44 figs-doublet 0 prayers and requests The words “prayer” and “request” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). Alternate translation: “requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1KI 8 38 kwn9 figs-metaphor 0 knowing the plague in his own heart Possible meanings are 1) The person’s sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. Alternate translation: “knowing the sin in his own heart” or 2) The “plague” is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. Alternate translation: “knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 8 38 kwn9 figs-metaphor 0 knowing the plague in his own heart Possible meanings are (1) The person’s sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. Alternate translation: “knowing the sin in his own heart” or (2) The “plague” is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. Alternate translation: “knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 8 43 vt9q figs-activepassive 0 this house I have built is called by your name The phrase “is called by your name” shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you own this house that I have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 8 44 ha7r figs-hypo 0 Suppose that your people go out…suppose that they pray When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1KI 8 44 vjp7 figs-metonymy 0 for your name The word “name” is a metonym for the person, and “for…name” refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “in which people will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 8 59 n37s figs-merism 0 day and night This merism refers to “all the time” or “continually.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1KI 8 61 xz16 0 let your heart be true “be wholly devoted”
1KI 8 61 ke8l figs-metaphor 0 walk in his statutes The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “always obey his statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 8 62 bs3g figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 63 id7l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of Israel This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 62 bs3g figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 63 id7l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of Israel This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 63 v5e3 translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand oxen “22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 8 63 ttb5 translate-numbers 0 120,000 sheep “one hundred twenty thousand sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 8 64 yz15 0 the bronze altar that was before Yahweh “the bronze altar that was in Yahweh’s presence.” Since the temple is Yahweh’s dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as being in his presence.
1KI 8 65 k9ax figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 65 k9ax figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 8 65 reb2 translate-numbers 0 seven days…seven days…fourteen days “7 days…7 days…14 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 8 66 cs8n translate-ordinal 0 eighth day The word “eighth” is the ordinal form of “8.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1KI 8 66 nja5 figs-doublet 0 joyful and glad The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -681,21 +681,21 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 9 13 g2mb figs-activepassive 0 which they are still called today This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people still call them that today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 9 14 ppd5 translate-numbers 0 120 talents of gold “one hundred and twenty talents of gold.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “about 4,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1KI 9 15 yc64 0 the account of the forced labor which King Solomon imposed “the account of Solomon requiring men to work”
1KI 9 15 xw7y 0 the Millo Possible meanings are 1) “the terrace system” or 2) “the landfill.”
1KI 9 15 xw7y 0 the Millo Possible meanings are (1) “the terrace system” or (2) “the landfill.”
1KI 9 16 g237 figs-metonymy 0 Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up The person is a metonym for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 9 17 u6mz figs-synecdoche 0 So Solomon rebuilt Gezer It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 9 22 j3hj 0 Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel “Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor”
1KI 9 23 ql3d translate-numbers 0 550 of them “five hundred and fifty of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 9 24 yuq9 0 built the Millo Possible meanings are 1) “built the terrace system” or 2) “built the landfill.” See how you translated “the Millo” in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md).
1KI 9 24 yuq9 0 built the Millo Possible meanings are (1) “built the terrace system” or (2) “built the landfill.” See how you translated “the Millo” in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md).
1KI 9 25 z3be 0 altar that was before Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 8:64](../08/64.md).
1KI 9 25 yqb6 figs-metonymy 0 So he completed the temple Solomon is a metonym for the workers he hired to do the work. Alternate translation: “So his workers completed the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 9 26 k7ed figs-synecdoche 0 King Solomon built It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 9 26 f1yt 0 a fleet of ships “a large group of ships”
1KI 9 28 sv65 translate-numbers 0 420 talents of gold “four hundred and twenty talents of gold.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “about 14,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1KI 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Kings 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon’s wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>==Queen of Sheba ==<br>King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
1KI 10 1 ll43 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is represented by his “name.” Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which glorified Yahweh” or 2) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which Yahweh had given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 10 1 ll43 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is represented by his “name.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which glorified Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which Yahweh had given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 10 2 ktj1 figs-hyperbole 0 all that was in her heart This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “everything she wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 10 5 cyv4 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are 1) “how his servants were seated around the table” or 2) “where his servants lived.”
1KI 10 5 cyv4 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are (1) “how his servants were seated around the table” or (2) “where his servants lived.”
1KI 10 5 fj7p figs-idiom 0 there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she was utterly amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 10 6 j9u6 0 I heard in my own land “I heard while I was in my own land”
1KI 10 6 jsh6 figs-hendiadys 0 your words and your wisdom Here the word “wisdom” can describe the word “words.” Alternate translation: “your wise sayings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 11 26 dp3d translate-names 0 Zeruah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 11 26 t72j figs-metonymy 0 lifted up his hand against the king The word “hand” refers to authority, power and control. The phrase “lifted up against” refers to having opposed someone by using authority, power and control. This is a metonym used as a common idiom. Alternate translation: “rebelled against the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 11 27 zc8g 0 Solomon had built up the place located at Millo Translate “Millo” as in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md).
1KI 11 28 y6ga 0 a mighty man of valor Possible meanings are 1) “a great warrior” or 2) “a very capable man” or 3) “a wealthy and influential man.”
1KI 11 28 y6ga 0 a mighty man of valor Possible meanings are (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very capable man” or (3) “a wealthy and influential man.”
1KI 11 28 kz58 0 he gave him command “he made him commander”
1KI 11 28 xb54 figs-metonymy 0 all the labor The word “labor” refers to the work that Solomon commanded the people to do for his government. This is a metonym. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 11 28 hea7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph This refers to the descendants of Joseph who were the people groups of Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a metonym. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 12 9 w13a figs-metaphor 0 Lighten the yoke that your father put on us To “lighten the yoke” is a metaphor to represent lifting of the burden. Alternate translation: “Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did” or “Do not force us to work as hard as your father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 12 10 f3lx figs-metaphor 0 My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. Alternate translation: “What I will do to make your burden heavier is much more than what my father put on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 12 11 p1d4 figs-metaphor 0 My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. Alternate translation: “My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 12 11 y1yh 0 punish you with scorpions The word “scorpions” may refer to 1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or 2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting.
1KI 12 11 y1yh 0 punish you with scorpions The word “scorpions” may refer to (1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or (2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting.
1KI 12 14 akf3 figs-metaphor 0 burdened you with a heavy yoke A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:4](../12/04.md). Alternate translation: “treated you cruelly” or “forced you to work very hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 12 14 m7vy figs-metaphor 0 My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:11](../12/11.md). Alternate translation: “My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 12 15 tz7u figs-idiom 0 it was a turn of events brought about by Yahweh This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused things to happen like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 15 33 qka7 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
1KI 15 34 j9xv figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 15 34 i9dh figs-metaphor 0 walked in the way of Jeroboam Walking here represents behaving. Alternate translation: “did the same things that Jeroboam had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 15 34 w9fq 0 in his sin by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam.
1KI 15 34 w9fq 0 in his sin by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam.
1KI 15 34 yq78 figs-metaphor 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. Alternate translation: “and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Kings 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Incorrect worship<br>The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha’s son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri’s son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
1KI 16 1 kf7z figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1122,8 +1122,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 16 24 mkr5 figs-idiom 0 after the name of Shemer This is an idiom that means “to honor Shemer” or “so that people would remember Shemer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 16 25 q5vd figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 26 qj4k figs-metaphor 0 walked in all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat Walking represents behaving. Alternate translation: “did all the same things that Jeroboam son of Nebat did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 26 ysn6 0 in his sins by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam.
1KI 16 26 kr8r figs-metaphor 0 in his sins Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents 1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. Alternate translation: “he sinned as Jeroboam sinned” or 2) or sinning habitually. Alternate translation: “he sinned habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 26 ysn6 0 in his sins by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam.
1KI 16 26 kr8r figs-metaphor 0 in his sins Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents (1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. Alternate translation: “he sinned as Jeroboam sinned” or (2) or sinning habitually. Alternate translation: “he sinned habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 26 fza3 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to sin represents influencing them to sin. Alternate translation: “his sins, by which he influenced Israel to sin” or “and by sinning like this, he influenced people to sin.
1KI 16 26 yj3n figs-explicit 0 to provoke Yahweh…to be angry with their worthless idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](../16/13.md). Alternate translation: “to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 16 26 w3zc figs-distinguish 0 their worthless idols The word “worthless” here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. Alternate translation: “their idols, which are worthless” or “their idols, which are useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
@ -1171,8 +1171,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 17 12 b86l figs-explicit 0 that we may eat it, and die It is implied that they will die because they do not have anymore food. Alternate translation: “that we may eat. Afterwards, we will starve to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 17 13 ccq3 figs-explicit 0 afterward make some for you and for your son It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 17 14 pej5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh sends rain This is an idiom that means Yahweh causes it to rain. Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 17 15 vbj6 0 She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. Possible meanings are 1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or 2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or 3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days.
1KI 17 15 ziz7 0 along with her household Possible meanings for “household” are 1) this refers only to the widow’s son or 2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or 3) this refers to her son and others living in her house.
1KI 17 15 vbj6 0 She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. Possible meanings are (1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or (2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or (3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days.
1KI 17 15 ziz7 0 along with her household Possible meanings for “household” are (1) this refers only to the widow’s son or (2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or (3) this refers to her son and others living in her house.
1KI 17 16 x364 figs-metonymy 0 just as the word of Yahweh had said Here “word” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 17 17 bp54 0 the woman’s son, the woman who owned the house “the son of the woman who owned the house”
1KI 17 17 g2ey figs-euphemism 0 there was no more breath left in him This is a polite way of saying the boy died. Alternate translation: “he stopped breathing” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 17 18 c2gx figs-genericnoun 0 of my sin This means sins in general not a specific sin. Alternate translation: “of my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1KI 17 19 a6d1 0 where he was staying Here “he” refers to Elijah.
1KI 17 19 v27l 0 on his own bed Here “his” refers to Elijah.
1KI 17 20 q8bc figs-rquestion 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? Possible meanings are 1) Elijah is truly asking a question. Alternate translation: “why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” or 2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. Alternate translation: “surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 17 20 q8bc figs-rquestion 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? Possible meanings are (1) Elijah is truly asking a question. Alternate translation: “why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” or (2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. Alternate translation: “surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 17 20 lhy9 figs-metaphor 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow Causing the widow to suffer is spoken of as if “disaster” were an object that is placed on the widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 17 20 h37t 0 also brought disaster Here “also” means in addition to the disaster that the drought has caused.
1KI 17 21 swr1 figs-idiom 0 stretched himself on the child This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “lay on top of the child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 18 29 h5ce figs-parallelism 0 but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one responded to the prayers of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 18 29 lpf9 0 there was no voice or anyone to answer See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:26](../18/26.md).
1KI 18 31 n18f translate-numbers 0 twelve stones “12 stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 18 32 yy3l figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh “Name” here is a metonym for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are 1) “to honor Yahweh” or 2) “with the authority of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 18 32 yy3l figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh “Name” here is a metonym for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are (1) “to honor Yahweh” or (2) “with the authority of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 18 32 gh4y 0 trench a small waterway to hold water
1KI 18 32 kp7z translate-bvolume 0 two seahs of seeds A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. Alternate translation: “about 15 liters of seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1KI 18 33 m699 figs-ellipsis 0 He arranged the wood for a fire “On the altar” where he placed the wood is assumed in this sentence. Alternate translation: “He put the wood for a fire on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 20 21 k7xi figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went out and attacked “The king” is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 20 22 b52i figs-metonymy 0 strengthen yourself “Yourself” represents by metonymy the army of the king. Alternate translation: “strengthen your forces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 20 22 g9f7 figs-doublet 0 understand and plan These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “determine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1KI 20 22 u4ju 0 at the return of the year Possible meanings are 1) “in the springtime of next year” or 2) “at this time next year.”
1KI 20 22 u4ju 0 at the return of the year Possible meanings are (1) “in the springtime of next year” or (2) “at this time next year.”
1KI 20 23 kn8e figs-inclusive 0 let us fight…we will be stronger The words “us” and “we” refer to the servants, the king, and the army all together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1KI 20 24 alj2 0 Remove all the kings from their positions of authority “You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops”
1KI 20 26 ewh9 translate-names 0 Aphek This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 21 5 ib4e figs-synecdoche 0 Why is your heart so sad Here “heart” refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “Why are you so sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 21 7 k6fd figs-rquestion 0 Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel? Jezebel uses this negative rhetorical question to rebuke Ahab. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “You still rule the kingdom of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 21 7 u9rk figs-synecdoche 0 let your heart be happy Here “heart” refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “be happy” or “cheer up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 21 8 m5ey figs-metonymy 0 wrote letters in Ahab’s name Possible meanings are 1) she wrote Ahab’s name on the letters. Alternate translation: “wrote letters and signed them with Ahab’s name” or 2) the word “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “wrote letters on behalf of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 21 8 m5ey figs-metonymy 0 wrote letters in Ahab’s name Possible meanings are (1) she wrote Ahab’s name on the letters. Alternate translation: “wrote letters and signed them with Ahab’s name” or (2) the word “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “wrote letters on behalf of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 21 8 ltl3 figs-nominaladj 0 the wealthy who sat with him The word “wealthy” refers to wealthy people. Alternate translation: “the wealthy people who sat with Naboth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1KI 21 9 p5n4 figs-metaphor 0 seat Naboth above the people Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. Alternate translation: “have Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 21 10 l62b 0 let them testify against him “have them accuse him”
@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 22 31 whp5 translate-numbers 0 thirty-two captains “32 captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 22 31 faj9 figs-merism 0 Do not attack unimportant or important soldiers By mentioning both “unimportant” and “important soldiers,” the king meant all soldiers. Alternate translation: “Do not attack any of the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1KI 22 32 bl44 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1KI 22 34 zl68 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
1KI 22 34 zl68 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
1KI 22 35 yt1g figs-activepassive 0 the king was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone held the king up in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 22 36 q7gs figs-metonymy 0 a cry went up Here “a cry” represents the soldiers who were shouting. Alternate translation: “soldiers began to shout” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 22 36 n2pr figs-parallelism 0 Every man should go back to his city; and every man should go back to his region These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
73 1KI 1 36 q1hs 0 So let it be! They agree and will do what King David said.
74 1KI 1 36 u4b9 figs-pronouns 0 May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
75 1KI 1 37 v83u figs-pronouns 0 has been with my master the king, so Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “has been with you, my master the king, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
76 1KI 1 37 l4nd figs-metonymy 0 make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David The word “throne” is a metonym for either 1) the person who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David” or 2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. Alternate translation: “make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The word “throne” is a metonym for either (1) the person who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David” or (2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. Alternate translation: “make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77 1KI 1 37 fzr9 figs-pronouns 0 the throne of my master King David Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “your throne, my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
78 1KI 1 38 ec4p 0 General Information: The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel.
79 1KI 1 38 nk4t translate-names 0 Kerethites…Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80 1KI 1 38 t1rd translate-names 0 Gihon This is the name of a spring, where fresh water comes out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
81 1KI 1 39 l324 0 took the horn of oil out of the tent This means the priest took the special animal horn filled with olive oil that was kept in Yahweh’s special tent.
82 1KI 1 39 v593 0 took the horn of oil Possible meanings are 1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or 2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. Alternate translation: “took a container of oil” Possible meanings are (1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or (2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. Alternate translation: “took a container of oil”
83 1KI 1 39 uf1x figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
84 1KI 1 41 qc57 0 General Information: Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news.
85 1KI 1 43 m386 0 General Information: Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king.
86 1KI 1 44 bah7 translate-names 0 Kerethites…Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
87 1KI 1 46 lbn6 0 General Information: Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon.
88 1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
89 1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day Possible meanings are 1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or 2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90 1KI 1 49 k3ln 0 General Information: Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon.
91 1KI 1 49 iqg3 figs-idiom 0 They stood up Another possible meaning is “They began to act quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
92 1KI 1 50 lg7j 0 Adonijah…took hold of the horns of the altar The “horns of the altar” symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh, but because Adonijah literally went into the area of the physical tent to take literal hold of the physical horns, you should translate this literally.
108 1KI 2 4 j114 figs-metonymy 0 you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel The word “throne” is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes “will never cease to have” can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel” or “one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
109 1KI 2 5 ypg2 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
110 1KI 2 5 vc4k 0 what Joab…did to me, and what he did David is referring to the same thing twice. Alternate translation: “what Joab…did to me—that is, what he did”
111 1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace Possible meanings are 1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or 2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or (2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112 1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet Possible meanings are 1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or 2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or (2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
113 1KI 2 6 hm11 figs-metonymy 0 do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a “gray head.” Alternate translation: “make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
114 1KI 2 7 d2gq 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
115 1KI 2 7 p85c translate-names 0 Barzillai a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
176 1KI 2 41 mvk6 figs-activepassive 0 Solomon was told This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177 1KI 2 42 c16y figs-rquestion 0 Did I not make you swear…saying, ‘Know…die’? Solomon is reminding Shimei of what Shimei had promised. Alternate translation: “You know very well that I made you swear…saying, ‘Know…die’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
178 1KI 2 43 bt3j 0 General Information: King Solomon pronounces judgment upon Shimei for leaving Jerusalem.
179 1KI 2 43 pue7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept your oath…you? Possible meanings are 1) Solomon is asking for an answer or 2) Alternate translation: “You have done wrong by breaking your oath…you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) Solomon is asking for an answer or (2) Alternate translation: “You have done wrong by breaking your oath…you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
180 1KI 2 44 f7q3 figs-synecdoche 0 will return your wickedness on your own head Here the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person’s head. Alternate translation: “will hold you responsible for all your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
181 1KI 2 45 r843 0 General Information: King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death.
182 1KI 2 45 fx8t figs-metonymy 0 the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever Here “throne of David” represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
390 1KI 6 11 czi8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Solomon, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Solomon. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Solomon:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
391 1KI 6 12 vb8r figs-metonymy 0 which you are building Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “which you are having your workers build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
392 1KI 6 12 af43 figs-metaphor 0 walk in my statutes The word “walk” is a metaphor for “live” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “continually obey all my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
393 1KI 6 12 qx38 0 do justice Possible meanings are 1) “carry out all of my laws” or 2) “treat the people whom you are ruling justly.” Possible meanings are (1) “carry out all of my laws” or (2) “treat the people whom you are ruling justly.”
394 1KI 6 12 g495 figs-parallelism 0 keep all my commandments and walk in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the importance of obeying God’s commandments. AT “carefully obey all I tell you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
395 1KI 6 12 x4rb 0 I will confirm my promise with you that I had made to David your father “I will do everything I promised David your father that I would do for you”
396 1KI 6 14 k3ad figs-metonymy 0 Solomon Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
465 1KI 7 6 nzf9 0 portico an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building’s entrance door. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:3](../06/03.md)
466 1KI 7 7 u94c 0 General Information: The author writes about the hall of the throne.
467 1KI 7 7 t73g figs-metonymy 0 Solomon built Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: “Solomon had them build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468 1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne Possible meanings are 1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or 2) “a house named The King’s Chair House” Possible meanings are (1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or (2) “a house named The King’s Chair House”
469 1KI 7 7 va4a figs-activepassive 0 It was covered with cedar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers covered the floor with cedar wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
470 1KI 7 7 h3cp 0 from floor to floor This refers to the entire floor. Alternate translation: “from one wall to the other”
471 1KI 7 8 vv7n 0 General Information: The author continues to write about the palace area.
561 1KI 7 48 e2d6 figs-activepassive 0 on which the bread of the presence was to be placed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
562 1KI 7 49 kb8t 0 the flowers, the lamps The “flowers” and “lamps” were part of the lampstands.
563 1KI 7 50 tev9 figs-activepassive 0 had made the cups…all of which were made of pure gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “had his workers make all the cups…out of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
564 1KI 7 50 y2nn 0 sockets of gold made for the doors Here “sockets” may refer to either 1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or 2) the hinges on which the doors hung. Here “sockets” may refer to either (1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or (2) the hinges on which the doors hung.
565 1KI 7 51 x9f6 figs-activepassive 0 the work that King Solomon directed for the house of Yahweh was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
566 1KI 8 intro h96s 0 # 1 Kings 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Celebration of the temple’s completion<br>When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>Solomon prayed that God would respond to people’s prayers using an idiom: “that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
567 1KI 8 1 kla2 0 assembled the elders of Israel “called together the leaders of Israel”
568 1KI 8 2 vy83 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
569 1KI 8 2 uam7 0 at the feast This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also known as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters .
570 1KI 8 2 j1l1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Ethanim, which is the seventh month “Ethanim” is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
571 1KI 8 5 wl1z figs-hyperbole 0 all the assembly of Israel This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
598 1KI 8 24 zl94 figs-metonymy 0 fulfilled it with your hand The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. Alternate translation: “by your power fulfilled what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
599 1KI 8 25 u5vi figs-metonymy 0 to sit on the throne of Israel The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
600 1KI 8 25 k2lb figs-metaphor 0 walk before me…have walked before me The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “live as I want you to…have lived as I want you to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601 1KI 8 27 ke8z figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings of this question are (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
602 1KI 8 27 lex3 figs-123person 0 But will God Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “But will you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
603 1KI 8 27 dxu6 0 Look “What I am about to say is important” or “The truth is that”
604 1KI 8 27 b6jr 0 you—how much less can this temple that I have built “you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you”
613 1KI 8 32 mt2d figs-synecdoche 0 upon his own head Here “head” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
614 1KI 8 32 ls6h 0 give to him according to his righteousness “to give him what he deserves because he is righteous”
615 1KI 8 33 sjq6 figs-activepassive 0 your people Israel are defeated by an enemy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
616 1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
617 1KI 8 33 axr3 figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness from you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
618 1KI 8 35 ij63 figs-metaphor 0 the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. Alternate translation: “you do not allow rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
619 1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md). Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md).
620 1KI 8 36 uz9g figs-metaphor 0 in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
621 1KI 8 37 e7f8 0 blight or mildew These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively.
622 1KI 8 37 c2vc 0 locusts or caterpillars A “locust” is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word “caterpillar” refers to an early growth stage of the locust.
623 1KI 8 38 li44 figs-doublet 0 prayers and requests The words “prayer” and “request” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). Alternate translation: “requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
624 1KI 8 38 kwn9 figs-metaphor 0 knowing the plague in his own heart Possible meanings are 1) The person’s sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. Alternate translation: “knowing the sin in his own heart” or 2) The “plague” is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. Alternate translation: “knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) The person’s sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. Alternate translation: “knowing the sin in his own heart” or (2) The “plague” is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. Alternate translation: “knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625 1KI 8 43 vt9q figs-activepassive 0 this house I have built is called by your name The phrase “is called by your name” shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you own this house that I have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
626 1KI 8 44 ha7r figs-hypo 0 Suppose that your people go out…suppose that they pray When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
627 1KI 8 44 vjp7 figs-metonymy 0 for your name The word “name” is a metonym for the person, and “for…name” refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “in which people will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
650 1KI 8 59 n37s figs-merism 0 day and night This merism refers to “all the time” or “continually.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
651 1KI 8 61 xz16 0 let your heart be true “be wholly devoted”
652 1KI 8 61 ke8l figs-metaphor 0 walk in his statutes The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “always obey his statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
653 1KI 8 62 bs3g figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
654 1KI 8 63 id7l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of Israel This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
655 1KI 8 63 v5e3 translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand oxen “22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
656 1KI 8 63 ttb5 translate-numbers 0 120,000 sheep “one hundred twenty thousand sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
657 1KI 8 64 yz15 0 the bronze altar that was before Yahweh “the bronze altar that was in Yahweh’s presence.” Since the temple is Yahweh’s dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as being in his presence.
658 1KI 8 65 k9ax figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
659 1KI 8 65 reb2 translate-numbers 0 seven days…seven days…fourteen days “7 days…7 days…14 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
660 1KI 8 66 cs8n translate-ordinal 0 eighth day The word “eighth” is the ordinal form of “8.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
661 1KI 8 66 nja5 figs-doublet 0 joyful and glad The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
681 1KI 9 13 g2mb figs-activepassive 0 which they are still called today This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people still call them that today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
682 1KI 9 14 ppd5 translate-numbers 0 120 talents of gold “one hundred and twenty talents of gold.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “about 4,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
683 1KI 9 15 yc64 0 the account of the forced labor which King Solomon imposed “the account of Solomon requiring men to work”
684 1KI 9 15 xw7y 0 the Millo Possible meanings are 1) “the terrace system” or 2) “the landfill.” Possible meanings are (1) “the terrace system” or (2) “the landfill.”
685 1KI 9 16 g237 figs-metonymy 0 Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up The person is a metonym for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
686 1KI 9 17 u6mz figs-synecdoche 0 So Solomon rebuilt Gezer It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
687 1KI 9 22 j3hj 0 Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel “Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor”
688 1KI 9 23 ql3d translate-numbers 0 550 of them “five hundred and fifty of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
689 1KI 9 24 yuq9 0 built the Millo Possible meanings are 1) “built the terrace system” or 2) “built the landfill.” See how you translated “the Millo” in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). Possible meanings are (1) “built the terrace system” or (2) “built the landfill.” See how you translated “the Millo” in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md).
690 1KI 9 25 z3be 0 altar that was before Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 8:64](../08/64.md).
691 1KI 9 25 yqb6 figs-metonymy 0 So he completed the temple Solomon is a metonym for the workers he hired to do the work. Alternate translation: “So his workers completed the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
692 1KI 9 26 k7ed figs-synecdoche 0 King Solomon built It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
693 1KI 9 26 f1yt 0 a fleet of ships “a large group of ships”
694 1KI 9 28 sv65 translate-numbers 0 420 talents of gold “four hundred and twenty talents of gold.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “about 14,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
695 1KI 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Kings 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon’s wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>==Queen of Sheba ==<br>King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
696 1KI 10 1 ll43 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is represented by his “name.” Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which glorified Yahweh” or 2) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which Yahweh had given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here Yahweh is represented by his “name.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which glorified Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which Yahweh had given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
697 1KI 10 2 ktj1 figs-hyperbole 0 all that was in her heart This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “everything she wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
698 1KI 10 5 cyv4 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are 1) “how his servants were seated around the table” or 2) “where his servants lived.” Possible meanings are (1) “how his servants were seated around the table” or (2) “where his servants lived.”
699 1KI 10 5 fj7p figs-idiom 0 there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she was utterly amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
700 1KI 10 6 j9u6 0 I heard in my own land “I heard while I was in my own land”
701 1KI 10 6 jsh6 figs-hendiadys 0 your words and your wisdom Here the word “wisdom” can describe the word “words.” Alternate translation: “your wise sayings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
781 1KI 11 26 dp3d translate-names 0 Zeruah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
782 1KI 11 26 t72j figs-metonymy 0 lifted up his hand against the king The word “hand” refers to authority, power and control. The phrase “lifted up against” refers to having opposed someone by using authority, power and control. This is a metonym used as a common idiom. Alternate translation: “rebelled against the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
783 1KI 11 27 zc8g 0 Solomon had built up the place located at Millo Translate “Millo” as in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md).
784 1KI 11 28 y6ga 0 a mighty man of valor Possible meanings are 1) “a great warrior” or 2) “a very capable man” or 3) “a wealthy and influential man.” Possible meanings are (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very capable man” or (3) “a wealthy and influential man.”
785 1KI 11 28 kz58 0 he gave him command “he made him commander”
786 1KI 11 28 xb54 figs-metonymy 0 all the labor The word “labor” refers to the work that Solomon commanded the people to do for his government. This is a metonym. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
787 1KI 11 28 hea7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph This refers to the descendants of Joseph who were the people groups of Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a metonym. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
818 1KI 12 9 w13a figs-metaphor 0 Lighten the yoke that your father put on us To “lighten the yoke” is a metaphor to represent lifting of the burden. Alternate translation: “Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did” or “Do not force us to work as hard as your father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
819 1KI 12 10 f3lx figs-metaphor 0 My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. Alternate translation: “What I will do to make your burden heavier is much more than what my father put on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
820 1KI 12 11 p1d4 figs-metaphor 0 My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. Alternate translation: “My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821 1KI 12 11 y1yh 0 punish you with scorpions The word “scorpions” may refer to 1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or 2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. The word “scorpions” may refer to (1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or (2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting.
822 1KI 12 14 akf3 figs-metaphor 0 burdened you with a heavy yoke A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:4](../12/04.md). Alternate translation: “treated you cruelly” or “forced you to work very hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
823 1KI 12 14 m7vy figs-metaphor 0 My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:11](../12/11.md). Alternate translation: “My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
824 1KI 12 15 tz7u figs-idiom 0 it was a turn of events brought about by Yahweh This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused things to happen like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1065 1KI 15 33 qka7 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
1066 1KI 15 34 j9xv figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1067 1KI 15 34 i9dh figs-metaphor 0 walked in the way of Jeroboam Walking here represents behaving. Alternate translation: “did the same things that Jeroboam had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1068 1KI 15 34 w9fq 0 in his sin by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam. Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam.
1069 1KI 15 34 yq78 figs-metaphor 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. Alternate translation: “and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1070 1KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Kings 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Incorrect worship<br>The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha’s son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri’s son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
1071 1KI 16 1 kf7z figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1122 1KI 16 24 mkr5 figs-idiom 0 after the name of Shemer This is an idiom that means “to honor Shemer” or “so that people would remember Shemer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1123 1KI 16 25 q5vd figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1124 1KI 16 26 qj4k figs-metaphor 0 walked in all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat Walking represents behaving. Alternate translation: “did all the same things that Jeroboam son of Nebat did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1125 1KI 16 26 ysn6 0 in his sins by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to 1) Baasha or 2) Jeroboam. Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam.
1126 1KI 16 26 kr8r figs-metaphor 0 in his sins Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents 1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. Alternate translation: “he sinned as Jeroboam sinned” or 2) or sinning habitually. Alternate translation: “he sinned habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents (1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. Alternate translation: “he sinned as Jeroboam sinned” or (2) or sinning habitually. Alternate translation: “he sinned habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1127 1KI 16 26 fza3 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to sin represents influencing them to sin. Alternate translation: “his sins, by which he influenced Israel to sin” or “and by sinning like this, he influenced people to sin.
1128 1KI 16 26 yj3n figs-explicit 0 to provoke Yahweh…to be angry with their worthless idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](../16/13.md). Alternate translation: “to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1129 1KI 16 26 w3zc figs-distinguish 0 their worthless idols The word “worthless” here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. Alternate translation: “their idols, which are worthless” or “their idols, which are useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1171 1KI 17 12 b86l figs-explicit 0 that we may eat it, and die It is implied that they will die because they do not have anymore food. Alternate translation: “that we may eat. Afterwards, we will starve to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1172 1KI 17 13 ccq3 figs-explicit 0 afterward make some for you and for your son It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1173 1KI 17 14 pej5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh sends rain This is an idiom that means Yahweh causes it to rain. Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1174 1KI 17 15 vbj6 0 She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. Possible meanings are 1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or 2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or 3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days. In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. Possible meanings are (1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or (2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or (3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days.
1175 1KI 17 15 ziz7 0 along with her household Possible meanings for “household” are 1) this refers only to the widow’s son or 2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or 3) this refers to her son and others living in her house. Possible meanings for “household” are (1) this refers only to the widow’s son or (2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or (3) this refers to her son and others living in her house.
1176 1KI 17 16 x364 figs-metonymy 0 just as the word of Yahweh had said Here “word” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1177 1KI 17 17 bp54 0 the woman’s son, the woman who owned the house “the son of the woman who owned the house”
1178 1KI 17 17 g2ey figs-euphemism 0 there was no more breath left in him This is a polite way of saying the boy died. Alternate translation: “he stopped breathing” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1180 1KI 17 18 c2gx figs-genericnoun 0 of my sin This means sins in general not a specific sin. Alternate translation: “of my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1181 1KI 17 19 a6d1 0 where he was staying Here “he” refers to Elijah.
1182 1KI 17 19 v27l 0 on his own bed Here “his” refers to Elijah.
1183 1KI 17 20 q8bc figs-rquestion 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? Possible meanings are 1) Elijah is truly asking a question. Alternate translation: “why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” or 2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. Alternate translation: “surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) Elijah is truly asking a question. Alternate translation: “why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” or (2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. Alternate translation: “surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1184 1KI 17 20 lhy9 figs-metaphor 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow Causing the widow to suffer is spoken of as if “disaster” were an object that is placed on the widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1185 1KI 17 20 h37t 0 also brought disaster Here “also” means in addition to the disaster that the drought has caused.
1186 1KI 17 21 swr1 figs-idiom 0 stretched himself on the child This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “lay on top of the child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1238 1KI 18 29 h5ce figs-parallelism 0 but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one responded to the prayers of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1239 1KI 18 29 lpf9 0 there was no voice or anyone to answer See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:26](../18/26.md).
1240 1KI 18 31 n18f translate-numbers 0 twelve stones “12 stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1241 1KI 18 32 yy3l figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh “Name” here is a metonym for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are 1) “to honor Yahweh” or 2) “with the authority of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) “Name” here is a metonym for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are (1) “to honor Yahweh” or (2) “with the authority of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1242 1KI 18 32 gh4y 0 trench a small waterway to hold water
1243 1KI 18 32 kp7z translate-bvolume 0 two seahs of seeds A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. Alternate translation: “about 15 liters of seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1244 1KI 18 33 m699 figs-ellipsis 0 He arranged the wood for a fire “On the altar” where he placed the wood is assumed in this sentence. Alternate translation: “He put the wood for a fire on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1325 1KI 20 21 k7xi figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went out and attacked “The king” is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1326 1KI 20 22 b52i figs-metonymy 0 strengthen yourself “Yourself” represents by metonymy the army of the king. Alternate translation: “strengthen your forces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327 1KI 20 22 g9f7 figs-doublet 0 understand and plan These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “determine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1328 1KI 20 22 u4ju 0 at the return of the year Possible meanings are 1) “in the springtime of next year” or 2) “at this time next year.” Possible meanings are (1) “in the springtime of next year” or (2) “at this time next year.”
1329 1KI 20 23 kn8e figs-inclusive 0 let us fight…we will be stronger The words “us” and “we” refer to the servants, the king, and the army all together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1330 1KI 20 24 alj2 0 Remove all the kings from their positions of authority “You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops”
1331 1KI 20 26 ewh9 translate-names 0 Aphek This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1365 1KI 21 5 ib4e figs-synecdoche 0 Why is your heart so sad Here “heart” refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “Why are you so sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1366 1KI 21 7 k6fd figs-rquestion 0 Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel? Jezebel uses this negative rhetorical question to rebuke Ahab. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “You still rule the kingdom of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1367 1KI 21 7 u9rk figs-synecdoche 0 let your heart be happy Here “heart” refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “be happy” or “cheer up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1368 1KI 21 8 m5ey figs-metonymy 0 wrote letters in Ahab’s name Possible meanings are 1) she wrote Ahab’s name on the letters. Alternate translation: “wrote letters and signed them with Ahab’s name” or 2) the word “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “wrote letters on behalf of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) she wrote Ahab’s name on the letters. Alternate translation: “wrote letters and signed them with Ahab’s name” or (2) the word “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “wrote letters on behalf of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1369 1KI 21 8 ltl3 figs-nominaladj 0 the wealthy who sat with him The word “wealthy” refers to wealthy people. Alternate translation: “the wealthy people who sat with Naboth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1370 1KI 21 9 p5n4 figs-metaphor 0 seat Naboth above the people Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. Alternate translation: “have Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371 1KI 21 10 l62b 0 let them testify against him “have them accuse him”
1431 1KI 22 31 whp5 translate-numbers 0 thirty-two captains “32 captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1432 1KI 22 31 faj9 figs-merism 0 Do not attack unimportant or important soldiers By mentioning both “unimportant” and “important soldiers,” the king meant all soldiers. Alternate translation: “Do not attack any of the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1433 1KI 22 32 bl44 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1434 1KI 22 34 zl68 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. Possible meanings are (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
1435 1KI 22 35 yt1g figs-activepassive 0 the king was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone held the king up in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1436 1KI 22 36 q7gs figs-metonymy 0 a cry went up Here “a cry” represents the soldiers who were shouting. Alternate translation: “soldiers began to shout” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1437 1KI 22 36 n2pr figs-parallelism 0 Every man should go back to his city; and every man should go back to his region These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 1 5 h8rr figs-explicit 0 When the messengers returned to Ahaziah After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 1 6 hrs2 figs-rquestion 0 Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 1 6 q7jq figs-explicit 0 you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 1 8 ivq2 figs-explicit 0 He wore a garment made of hair Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or 2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 1 8 ivq2 figs-explicit 0 He wore a garment made of hair Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or (2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 1 9 n9cs figs-explicit 0 Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. Alternate translation: “Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 1 9 a83f translate-numbers 0 fifty soldiers “50 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 1 10 p9xj 0 If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven”
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 3 7 qh7x figs-explicit 0 I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 8 cld5 0 By way of the wilderness of Edom “By going through the wilderness of Edom”
2KI 3 9 luy3 figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around Possible meanings are 1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or 2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around Possible meanings are (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
2KI 3 10 w5es figs-rquestion 0 What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 3 10 lze9 figs-synecdoche 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moab’s army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moab’s control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 3 11 m7as figs-rquestion 0 Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 3 26 d77c 0 swordsmen soldiers who fight with swords
2KI 3 26 l1sy 0 break through “force their way through.” There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd.
2KI 3 27 d4k7 figs-explicit 0 offered him as a burnt offering King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 27 izf1 figs-abstractnouns 0 So there was great anger against Israel Here the word “anger” can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: 1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel” or 2) God. Alternate translation: “So God was very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2KI 3 27 izf1 figs-abstractnouns 0 So there was great anger against Israel Here the word “anger” can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: (1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel” or (2) God. Alternate translation: “So God was very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2KI 4 intro ma9j 0 # 2 Kings 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Widow<br>Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.<br>
2KI 4 1 x1ua figs-idiom 0 the sons of the prophets This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 4 1 iu5k 0 Your servant my husband “My husband, who was your servant”
@ -606,9 +606,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 10 7 dj3k figs-metonymy 0 sent them to Jehu This means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. Alternate translation: “sent people to take them to Jehu” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 10 8 jl7j 0 of the king’s sons “of Ahab’s descendants”
2KI 10 9 r1rc 0 Jehu went out and stood “Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people”
2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or 2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 10 9 dic5 0 See Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Hear my words”
2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or 2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 10 10 tky4 0 certainly realize “understand” or “be aware of the fact that”
2KI 10 10 qm1a figs-metaphor 0 no part of Yahweh’s word…will fall to the ground This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahweh’s word…will fail” or “every part of Yahweh’s word…will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 10 10 dxa2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has done This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab’s descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 11 4 qlj7 0 Connecting Statement: This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah’s other descendants were killed.
2KI 11 4 lft4 translate-numbers 0 In the seventh year “In the seventh year of Athaliah’s reign” or “In year 7 of Athaliah’s reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 4 n18c translate-names 0 Jehoiada the high priest (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 11 4 f6wi translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 4 f6wi translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 4 pvj6 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
2KI 11 4 dar3 0 brought them to himself “had them come to meet with him.” Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple.
2KI 11 4 ycq8 0 Then he showed them the king’s son Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah’s son, was still alive.
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 11 8 jp1k 0 Whoever enters within your ranks “Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers.
2KI 11 8 d88v figs-activepassive 0 let him be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 11 8 ck5g figs-merism 0 You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in These two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. Alternate translation: “You must stay near the king at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2KI 11 9 ry72 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 9 ry72 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 9 duu3 0 Each one “Each commander”
2KI 11 10 jsa1 0 were in the house of Yahweh “were stored in the temple”
2KI 11 11 tzd5 0 from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the temple Some versions translate the first two occurrences of “temple” as “palace.” These versions say, “from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple.”
@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 11 14 xwj4 0 the trumpeters “the people who played the trumpets”
2KI 11 14 kxx4 translate-symaction 0 Athaliah tore her clothes She tore her clothes to express that she was very upset and angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2KI 11 14 tc82 0 Treason! Treason! “You are traitors! You have betrayed me!”
2KI 11 15 y8gb translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 15 y8gb translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 15 i3h1 0 Bring her out between the ranks “Take her away between two rows of guards” or “Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her.” Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers.
2KI 11 15 f3f3 figs-explicit 0 Anyone who follows her It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Anyone who follows to try to rescue her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 11 16 x4a6 0 they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace grounds Some versions translate this as “the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard.”
@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 11 18 tn2k 0 the house of Baal “the temple of Baal”
2KI 11 18 qky4 translate-names 0 Mattan This is the name of a male priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 11 19 u5jn 0 General Information: They take the new king, Joash, from the temple to the palace.
2KI 11 19 u1k5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 19 u1k5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 11 19 yh95 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
2KI 11 19 j4wu 0 brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the king’s house “brought the king from the temple to the palace”
2KI 11 20 hz2a figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land rejoiced This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. Alternate translation: “many people in the land rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 12 9 sf7a 0 put into it “put into the chest” or “put in the box”
2KI 12 9 fa63 figs-activepassive 0 the money that was brought This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the money that people brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 12 10 qbt6 0 put the money in bags and then count it Many versions put this in a more logical order such as “count the money and put it in bags.”
2KI 12 10 dcd8 0 put the money in bags Possible meanings are 1) “put the money in bags” or 2) “tied up the money in bags” .
2KI 12 10 dcd8 0 put the money in bags Possible meanings are (1) “put the money in bags” or (2) “tied up the money in bags” .
2KI 12 10 ri1a 0 the money found “the money that they found in the chest”
2KI 12 11 fj3g 0 weighed out “counted”
2KI 12 11 uk5g figs-synecdoche 0 into the hands of men Here “hands” refers to the men. Alternate translation: “to men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 16 7 dh2h figs-synecdoche 0 who have attacked me The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate translation: “who have attacked me with their armies” or “whose armies have attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 16 9 u25g figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Assyria went up against Damascus The word “king” represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 16 9 zd43 figs-metaphor 0 carried off its people as prisoners to Kir Carrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. Alternate translation: “made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 16 9 dr4d translate-names 0 Kir Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of a city or 2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 16 9 dr4d translate-names 0 Kir Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of a city or (2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 16 10 l6c6 figs-activepassive 0 the design for all the workmanship needed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 16 13 jf6b 0 General Information: This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him.
2KI 16 13 w1tk 0 He made his burnt offering “King Ahaz made his burnt offering”
@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 17 9 nc6f 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
2KI 17 10 ry45 figs-hyperbole 0 on every high hill and under every green tree These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. Alternate translation: “on high hills and under green trees everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 17 11 bjz7 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
2KI 17 11 iv69 0 performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger Possible ways to render this: 1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or 2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
2KI 17 11 iv69 0 performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger Possible ways to render this: (1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or (2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
2KI 17 12 um9h 0 about which Yahweh had said to them “about which Yahweh had warned them”
2KI 17 13 pf5x 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
2KI 17 13 l95x 0 Yahweh had testified…by every prophet Yahweh spoke through the prophets.
@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 18 22 im2y 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
2KI 18 22 vr43 figs-rquestion 0 is not he the one whose high places…Jerusalem’? This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places…Jerusalem’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 24 sn27 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or 2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 18 25 s1nk figs-rquestion 0 Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 26 i5v3 translate-names 0 Eliakim…Hilkiah…Shebnah…Joah Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 26 t7mk figs-metonymy 0 in the ears of the people who are on the wall “In the ears” is metonymy for being able to listen. Alternate translation: “because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 20 10 tm24 figs-explicit 0 It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps Why “it is an easy thing” can be stated clearly. “It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 20 11 n148 figs-explicit 0 the stairway of Ahaz This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun’s rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. Alternate translation: “the steps that had been built for King Ahaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 20 12 q3u5 translate-names 0 Marduk-Baladan…Baladan These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 20 13 dh37 0 listened to those letters 1) “carefully considered those letters” or 2) “heard the message from the king of Babylon”
2KI 20 13 dh37 0 listened to those letters “carefully considered those letters” or “heard the message from the king of Babylon”
2KI 20 13 zgg3 figs-doublenegatives 0 There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them Here “There was nothing…did not show them” is an exaggeration used for emphasis. It means Hezekiah showed them all of his most valuable things. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah showed him absolutely everything valuable in his house and in all his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 20 14 neq3 0 these men This refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Marduk-Baladan.
2KI 20 15 fkx7 figs-hyperbole 0 They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 21 16 ff48 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 21 17 ce1p figs-activepassive 0 are they not written…Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written…Judah.” or “you can find them…Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 21 18 i542 figs-euphemism 0 slept with his ancestors and This is a polite way of saying he “died, as his ancestors had, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2KI 21 18 rhh9 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are 1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or 2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 21 18 rhh9 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 21 18 b29b translate-names 0 Amon This is a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 21 19 np3n translate-names 0 Amon…Haruz These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 21 19 wqq6 translate-names 0 Meshullemeth This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 21 24 pwu1 figs-hyperbole 0 the people of the land This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “some of the people in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 21 24 nj33 0 conspired against “made plans and worked together to harm.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](../21/23.md).
2KI 21 25 zcb6 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written…Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written…Judah.” or “you can find them…Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 21 26 zpi6 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are 1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or 2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 21 26 zpi6 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Kings 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The law<br>The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah’s lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
2KI 22 1 gp47 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one years “31 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 22 1 ne6n translate-names 0 Jedidah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 22 13 e5fi figs-activepassive 0 all that was written concerning us This refers to the law that was given to Israel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do” or “all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 22 14 hj95 translate-names 0 Huldah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 22 14 lc23 translate-names 0 Shallum…Tikvah…Harhas These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 22 14 fia7 0 keeper of the wardrobe Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
2KI 22 14 fia7 0 keeper of the wardrobe Possible meanings are (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
2KI 22 14 at8l figs-explicit 0 she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter Here “second quarter” refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, “second” is the ordinal form of 2. Alternate translation: “she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city” or “she lived in the new part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2KI 22 15 lf4s 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah.
2KI 22 16 y4st figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 23 10 yh8e translate-names 0 Topheth…Ben Hinnom place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 10 dx37 0 cause his son or his daughter to pass through the fire as a sacrifice to Molech “put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech”
2KI 23 11 x7tv figs-explicit 0 He took away It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 23 11 c4zx 0 the horses Possible meanings are 1) real horses or 2) statues of horses.
2KI 23 11 c4zx 0 the horses Possible meanings are (1) real horses or (2) statues of horses.
2KI 23 11 vq7r figs-metonymy 0 had given to the sun Here “given” represents being dedicated for worship. Alternate translation: “had used to worship the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 23 11 b1bh translate-names 0 Nathan-Melek a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 12 ct7r figs-metonymy 0 Josiah the king destroyed…Josiah smashed…and threw Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “Josiah the king commanded them to destroy…He had them smash…had them throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 23 33 iwc7 0 fined Judah “forced the people of Judah to give him”
2KI 23 33 g4w9 translate-bmoney 0 one hundred talents…one talent A talent was about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “3,300 kilograms…33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2KI 23 35 i68u 0 Jehoikim taxed the land “Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land”
2KI 23 35 v24z 0 people of the land “people of the land of Judah.” Possible meanings are 1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or 2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.”
2KI 23 35 v24z 0 people of the land “people of the land of Judah.” Possible meanings are (1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or (2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.”
2KI 23 36 s72q translate-names 0 Zebidah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 36 gz76 translate-names 0 Pedaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 36 j958 translate-names 0 Rumah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 25 18 ske8 0 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/10.md).
2KI 25 19 ydp7 0 took prisoner “captured and kept from escaping”
2KI 25 19 v5sk 0 an officer who was in charge of soldiers Other translations may read “a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers.” A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed.
2KI 25 19 jax7 0 officer responsible for drafting men into the army Possible meanings are 1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or 2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers.
2KI 25 19 jax7 0 officer responsible for drafting men into the army Possible meanings are (1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or (2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers.
2KI 25 20 qh76 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](../25/08.md).
2KI 25 20 cl9d 0 Riblah This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](../25/06.md).
2KI 25 21 dxm3 figs-euphemism 0 put them to death This is a polite way of saying “killed them.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
13 2KI 1 5 h8rr figs-explicit 0 When the messengers returned to Ahaziah After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14 2KI 1 6 hrs2 figs-rquestion 0 Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15 2KI 1 6 q7jq figs-explicit 0 you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16 2KI 1 8 ivq2 figs-explicit 0 He wore a garment made of hair Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or 2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or (2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17 2KI 1 9 n9cs figs-explicit 0 Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. Alternate translation: “Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18 2KI 1 9 a83f translate-numbers 0 fifty soldiers “50 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
19 2KI 1 10 p9xj 0 If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven”
97 2KI 3 7 qh7x figs-explicit 0 I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98 2KI 3 8 cld5 0 By way of the wilderness of Edom “By going through the wilderness of Edom”
99 2KI 3 9 luy3 figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
100 2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around Possible meanings are 1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or 2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)). Possible meanings are (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
101 2KI 3 10 w5es figs-rquestion 0 What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
102 2KI 3 10 lze9 figs-synecdoche 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moab’s army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moab’s control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
103 2KI 3 11 m7as figs-rquestion 0 Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
142 2KI 3 26 d77c 0 swordsmen soldiers who fight with swords
143 2KI 3 26 l1sy 0 break through “force their way through.” There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd.
144 2KI 3 27 d4k7 figs-explicit 0 offered him as a burnt offering King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
145 2KI 3 27 izf1 figs-abstractnouns 0 So there was great anger against Israel Here the word “anger” can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: 1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel” or 2) God. Alternate translation: “So God was very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here the word “anger” can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: (1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel” or (2) God. Alternate translation: “So God was very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
146 2KI 4 intro ma9j 0 # 2 Kings 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Widow<br>Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.<br>
147 2KI 4 1 x1ua figs-idiom 0 the sons of the prophets This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
148 2KI 4 1 iu5k 0 Your servant my husband “My husband, who was your servant”
606 2KI 10 7 dj3k figs-metonymy 0 sent them to Jehu This means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. Alternate translation: “sent people to take them to Jehu” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
607 2KI 10 8 jl7j 0 of the king’s sons “of Ahab’s descendants”
608 2KI 10 9 r1rc 0 Jehu went out and stood “Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people”
609 2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or 2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
610 2KI 10 9 dic5 0 See Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Hear my words”
611 2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or 2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
612 2KI 10 10 tky4 0 certainly realize “understand” or “be aware of the fact that”
613 2KI 10 10 qm1a figs-metaphor 0 no part of Yahweh’s word…will fall to the ground This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahweh’s word…will fail” or “every part of Yahweh’s word…will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
614 2KI 10 10 dxa2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has done This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab’s descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
684 2KI 11 4 qlj7 0 Connecting Statement: This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah’s other descendants were killed.
685 2KI 11 4 lft4 translate-numbers 0 In the seventh year “In the seventh year of Athaliah’s reign” or “In year 7 of Athaliah’s reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
686 2KI 11 4 n18c translate-names 0 Jehoiada the high priest (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
687 2KI 11 4 f6wi translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
688 2KI 11 4 pvj6 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
689 2KI 11 4 dar3 0 brought them to himself “had them come to meet with him.” Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple.
690 2KI 11 4 ycq8 0 Then he showed them the king’s son Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah’s son, was still alive.
693 2KI 11 8 jp1k 0 Whoever enters within your ranks “Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers.
694 2KI 11 8 d88v figs-activepassive 0 let him be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
695 2KI 11 8 ck5g figs-merism 0 You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in These two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. Alternate translation: “You must stay near the king at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
696 2KI 11 9 ry72 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
697 2KI 11 9 duu3 0 Each one “Each commander”
698 2KI 11 10 jsa1 0 were in the house of Yahweh “were stored in the temple”
699 2KI 11 11 tzd5 0 from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the temple Some versions translate the first two occurrences of “temple” as “palace.” These versions say, “from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple.”
709 2KI 11 14 xwj4 0 the trumpeters “the people who played the trumpets”
710 2KI 11 14 kxx4 translate-symaction 0 Athaliah tore her clothes She tore her clothes to express that she was very upset and angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
711 2KI 11 14 tc82 0 Treason! Treason! “You are traitors! You have betrayed me!”
712 2KI 11 15 y8gb translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
713 2KI 11 15 i3h1 0 Bring her out between the ranks “Take her away between two rows of guards” or “Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her.” Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers.
714 2KI 11 15 f3f3 figs-explicit 0 Anyone who follows her It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Anyone who follows to try to rescue her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
715 2KI 11 16 x4a6 0 they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace grounds Some versions translate this as “the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard.”
718 2KI 11 18 tn2k 0 the house of Baal “the temple of Baal”
719 2KI 11 18 qky4 translate-names 0 Mattan This is the name of a male priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
720 2KI 11 19 u5jn 0 General Information: They take the new king, Joash, from the temple to the palace.
721 2KI 11 19 u1k5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
722 2KI 11 19 yh95 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
723 2KI 11 19 j4wu 0 brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the king’s house “brought the king from the temple to the palace”
724 2KI 11 20 hz2a figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land rejoiced This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. Alternate translation: “many people in the land rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
742 2KI 12 9 sf7a 0 put into it “put into the chest” or “put in the box”
743 2KI 12 9 fa63 figs-activepassive 0 the money that was brought This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the money that people brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
744 2KI 12 10 qbt6 0 put the money in bags and then count it Many versions put this in a more logical order such as “count the money and put it in bags.”
745 2KI 12 10 dcd8 0 put the money in bags Possible meanings are 1) “put the money in bags” or 2) “tied up the money in bags” . Possible meanings are (1) “put the money in bags” or (2) “tied up the money in bags” .
746 2KI 12 10 ri1a 0 the money found “the money that they found in the chest”
747 2KI 12 11 fj3g 0 weighed out “counted”
748 2KI 12 11 uk5g figs-synecdoche 0 into the hands of men Here “hands” refers to the men. Alternate translation: “to men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1020 2KI 16 7 dh2h figs-synecdoche 0 who have attacked me The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate translation: “who have attacked me with their armies” or “whose armies have attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1021 2KI 16 9 u25g figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Assyria went up against Damascus The word “king” represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1022 2KI 16 9 zd43 figs-metaphor 0 carried off its people as prisoners to Kir Carrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. Alternate translation: “made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1023 2KI 16 9 dr4d translate-names 0 Kir Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of a city or 2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of a city or (2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1024 2KI 16 10 l6c6 figs-activepassive 0 the design for all the workmanship needed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1025 2KI 16 13 jf6b 0 General Information: This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him.
1026 2KI 16 13 w1tk 0 He made his burnt offering “King Ahaz made his burnt offering”
1056 2KI 17 9 nc6f 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
1057 2KI 17 10 ry45 figs-hyperbole 0 on every high hill and under every green tree These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. Alternate translation: “on high hills and under green trees everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1058 2KI 17 11 bjz7 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
1059 2KI 17 11 iv69 0 performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger Possible ways to render this: 1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or 2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry” Possible ways to render this: (1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or (2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
1060 2KI 17 12 um9h 0 about which Yahweh had said to them “about which Yahweh had warned them”
1061 2KI 17 13 pf5x 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
1062 2KI 17 13 l95x 0 Yahweh had testified…by every prophet Yahweh spoke through the prophets.
1144 2KI 18 22 im2y 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
1145 2KI 18 22 vr43 figs-rquestion 0 is not he the one whose high places…Jerusalem’? This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places…Jerusalem’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1146 2KI 18 24 sn27 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
1147 2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or 2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1148 2KI 18 25 s1nk figs-rquestion 0 Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1149 2KI 18 26 i5v3 translate-names 0 Eliakim…Hilkiah…Shebnah…Joah Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1150 2KI 18 26 t7mk figs-metonymy 0 in the ears of the people who are on the wall “In the ears” is metonymy for being able to listen. Alternate translation: “because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1259 2KI 20 10 tm24 figs-explicit 0 It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps Why “it is an easy thing” can be stated clearly. “It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1260 2KI 20 11 n148 figs-explicit 0 the stairway of Ahaz This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun’s rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. Alternate translation: “the steps that had been built for King Ahaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1261 2KI 20 12 q3u5 translate-names 0 Marduk-Baladan…Baladan These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1262 2KI 20 13 dh37 0 listened to those letters 1) “carefully considered those letters” or 2) “heard the message from the king of Babylon” “carefully considered those letters” or “heard the message from the king of Babylon”
1263 2KI 20 13 zgg3 figs-doublenegatives 0 There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them Here “There was nothing…did not show them” is an exaggeration used for emphasis. It means Hezekiah showed them all of his most valuable things. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah showed him absolutely everything valuable in his house and in all his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1264 2KI 20 14 neq3 0 these men This refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Marduk-Baladan.
1265 2KI 20 15 fkx7 figs-hyperbole 0 They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1301 2KI 21 16 ff48 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1302 2KI 21 17 ce1p figs-activepassive 0 are they not written…Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written…Judah.” or “you can find them…Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1303 2KI 21 18 i542 figs-euphemism 0 slept with his ancestors and This is a polite way of saying he “died, as his ancestors had, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1304 2KI 21 18 rhh9 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are 1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or 2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Possible meanings are (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1305 2KI 21 18 b29b translate-names 0 Amon This is a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1306 2KI 21 19 np3n translate-names 0 Amon…Haruz These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1307 2KI 21 19 wqq6 translate-names 0 Meshullemeth This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1313 2KI 21 24 pwu1 figs-hyperbole 0 the people of the land This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “some of the people in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1314 2KI 21 24 nj33 0 conspired against “made plans and worked together to harm.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](../21/23.md).
1315 2KI 21 25 zcb6 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written…Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written…Judah.” or “you can find them…Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1316 2KI 21 26 zpi6 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are 1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or 2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Possible meanings are (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1317 2KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Kings 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The law<br>The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah’s lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1318 2KI 22 1 gp47 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one years “31 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1319 2KI 22 1 ne6n translate-names 0 Jedidah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1353 2KI 22 13 e5fi figs-activepassive 0 all that was written concerning us This refers to the law that was given to Israel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do” or “all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1354 2KI 22 14 hj95 translate-names 0 Huldah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1355 2KI 22 14 lc23 translate-names 0 Shallum…Tikvah…Harhas These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1356 2KI 22 14 fia7 0 keeper of the wardrobe Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing. Possible meanings are (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
1357 2KI 22 14 at8l figs-explicit 0 she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter Here “second quarter” refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, “second” is the ordinal form of 2. Alternate translation: “she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city” or “she lived in the new part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1358 2KI 22 15 lf4s 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah.
1359 2KI 22 16 y4st figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1399 2KI 23 10 yh8e translate-names 0 Topheth…Ben Hinnom place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1400 2KI 23 10 dx37 0 cause his son or his daughter to pass through the fire as a sacrifice to Molech “put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech”
1401 2KI 23 11 x7tv figs-explicit 0 He took away It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1402 2KI 23 11 c4zx 0 the horses Possible meanings are 1) real horses or 2) statues of horses. Possible meanings are (1) real horses or (2) statues of horses.
1403 2KI 23 11 vq7r figs-metonymy 0 had given to the sun Here “given” represents being dedicated for worship. Alternate translation: “had used to worship the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1404 2KI 23 11 b1bh translate-names 0 Nathan-Melek a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1405 2KI 23 12 ct7r figs-metonymy 0 Josiah the king destroyed…Josiah smashed…and threw Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “Josiah the king commanded them to destroy…He had them smash…had them throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1445 2KI 23 33 iwc7 0 fined Judah “forced the people of Judah to give him”
1446 2KI 23 33 g4w9 translate-bmoney 0 one hundred talents…one talent A talent was about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “3,300 kilograms…33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1447 2KI 23 35 i68u 0 Jehoikim taxed the land “Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land”
1448 2KI 23 35 v24z 0 people of the land “people of the land of Judah.” Possible meanings are 1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or 2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.” “people of the land of Judah.” Possible meanings are (1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or (2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.”
1449 2KI 23 36 s72q translate-names 0 Zebidah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1450 2KI 23 36 gz76 translate-names 0 Pedaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1451 2KI 23 36 j958 translate-names 0 Rumah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1521 2KI 25 18 ske8 0 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/10.md).
1522 2KI 25 19 ydp7 0 took prisoner “captured and kept from escaping”
1523 2KI 25 19 v5sk 0 an officer who was in charge of soldiers Other translations may read “a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers.” A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed.
1524 2KI 25 19 jax7 0 officer responsible for drafting men into the army Possible meanings are 1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or 2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers. Possible meanings are (1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or (2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers.
1525 2KI 25 20 qh76 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](../25/08.md).
1526 2KI 25 20 cl9d 0 Riblah This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](../25/06.md).
1527 2KI 25 21 dxm3 figs-euphemism 0 put them to death This is a polite way of saying “killed them.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 4 8 tq7a 0 and of the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum A new sentence can start here. “Koz also became the ancestor of Harum and the clans that descended from Harum’s son Aharhel”
1CH 4 9 gw86 translate-names 0 Jabez This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 10 v4ht 0 expand my territory “give me more land”
1CH 4 10 yd5d figs-metonymy 0 your hand will be with me Possible meanings are that God’s hand is 1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. Alternate translation: “you will guide me” or “you will make me prosper” or “you will protect me” or 2) a synecdoche for himself. Alternate translation: “you will be with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CH 4 10 yd5d figs-metonymy 0 your hand will be with me Possible meanings are that God’s hand is (1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. Alternate translation: “you will guide me” or “you will make me prosper” or “you will protect me” or (2) a synecdoche for himself. Alternate translation: “you will be with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CH 4 10 pn9h figs-metonymy 0 granted him his prayer The words “his prayer” are a metonym for what Jabez asked in the prayer. Alternate translation: “did what Jabez had asked him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 4 11 ujx1 translate-names 0 Kelub…Shuhah…Mehir…Eshton These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 12 y95p translate-names 0 Eshton…Beth Rapha…Paseah…Tehinnah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 6 30 a61s translate-names 0 Shimea…Haggiah…Asaiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 6 31 xq65 0 the house of Yahweh “where people met with Yahweh” This was a tent in David’s time.
1CH 6 31 ns7x 0 the ark came to rest there “the people of Israel placed the ark there”
1CH 6 32 ab5r 0 the tabernacle, the tent of meeting Possible meanings are 1) that “the tent of meeting” and “the tabernacle” are two names for the same thing or 2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, “the sanctuary of the tent of meeting”
1CH 6 32 ab5r 0 the tabernacle, the tent of meeting Possible meanings are (1) that “the tent of meeting” and “the tabernacle” are two names for the same thing or (2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, “the sanctuary of the tent of meeting”
1CH 6 32 r2nn 0 They fulfilled their duties “They did their work” or “They did their various kinds of work”
1CH 6 32 c2d7 figs-activepassive 0 according to the instructions given to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions that David gave them” or “according to the instructions they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 6 33 r3ce 0 These were those “These were the musicians”
@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 11 20 kkt7 0 captain over the Three This means Abishai was the leader of the three men who went and got water for David.
1CH 11 20 sj8d translate-numbers 0 three hundred “300 men” or “300 warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 11 20 q7g6 figs-activepassive 0 He is mentioned along with the Three This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke of the Three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 11 21 v46p figs-activepassive 0 Of the Three, he was given double honor and became This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. Alternate translation: “People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became” or 2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. Alternate translation: “The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 11 21 v46p figs-activepassive 0 Of the Three, he was given double honor and became This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. Alternate translation: “People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became” or (2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. Alternate translation: “The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 11 22 y3ip translate-names 0 Benaiah…Jehoiada…Ariel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 22 k3cy translate-names 0 Kabzeel This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 23 y817 translate-bdistance 0 five cubits A “cubit” is a unit of measurement equal to 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 12 20 ek71 translate-numbers 0 captains over thousands of Manasseh This means that each of these men led groups of a thousand soldiers in the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “each a captain over 1,000 men in the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 21 yeh5 0 the roving bands “the groups of robbers.” This refers to groups of people who robbed people traveling through the countryside.
1CH 12 22 p43i 0 Day after day “Each day”
1CH 12 22 emw8 figs-idiom 0 a great army, like the army of God Possible meanings are 1) the phrase “like the army of God” means “like an army that God assembled” or 2) the word “God” is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. Alternate translation: “a very large army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 12 22 emw8 figs-idiom 0 a great army, like the army of God Possible meanings are (1) the phrase “like the army of God” means “like an army that God assembled” or (2) the word “God” is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. Alternate translation: “a very large army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 12 23 p6pq translate-numbers 0 General Information: This begins the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 23 q3ud figs-metaphor 0 to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him The men making David king in place of Saul is spoken of as if they gave possession of Saul’s kingdom to David. Alternate translation: “to make David king in place of Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CH 12 23 am4d 0 carried out Yahweh’s word “made Yahweh’s word true” or “fulfilled Yahweh’s word”
@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 12 31 kgt2 translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 32 r9s3 translate-numbers 0 This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 32 tsm5 translate-numbers 0 two hundred “200” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 32 h63a 0 who had understanding of the times Possible meanings are 1) these men knew the right time to act or 2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel.
1CH 12 32 h63a 0 who had understanding of the times Possible meanings are (1) these men knew the right time to act or (2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel.
1CH 12 33 nfx2 translate-numbers 0 This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 33 twy3 translate-numbers 0 fifty thousand “50,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 33 v2qm figs-explicit 0 ready to give undivided loyalty It is implicit that they would give loyalty to David. Alternate translation: “ready to give undivided loyalty to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 12 39 ezv1 translate-numbers 0 three days “3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 12 40 av3z figs-synecdoche 0 Israel was celebrating The word “Israel” represents the people who make up the nation. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were celebrating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ark of the covenant<br>David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br>
1CH 13 1 ba28 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 13 1 ba28 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 13 2 b7bp figs-explicit 0 all the assembly of Israel This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. Alternate translation: “all of the Israelites who were assembled there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 13 2 ie4x figs-idiom 0 if this comes from Yahweh our God This idiom means that this action is something that Yahweh approves. Alternate translation: “if this is something that Yahweh our God approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 13 2 zgc6 figs-activepassive 0 Let them be told to join us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let messengers tell them to join us” or “Let them join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 13 6 u61q 0 which belongs to Judah “which is in Judah”
1CH 13 6 bf1b figs-explicit 0 to bring up from there the ark of God It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 13 6 yv2b 0 to bring up from there Jerusalem is higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
1CH 13 6 fl1m figs-idiom 0 which is called by Yahweh’s name This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idiom “called by…name” refers to a person owning the thing. Alternate translation: “which belongs to Yahweh” or 2) the ark has Yahweh’s name written on it. Alternate translation: “which bears Yahweh’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 13 6 fl1m figs-idiom 0 which is called by Yahweh’s name This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the idiom “called by…name” refers to a person owning the thing. Alternate translation: “which belongs to Yahweh” or (2) the ark has Yahweh’s name written on it. Alternate translation: “which bears Yahweh’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 13 6 sfv5 figs-explicit 0 who sits enthroned over the cherubim You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 13 7 v3ay translate-names 0 Abinadab…Uzzah…Ahio These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 13 8 rx95 figs-hyperbole 0 David and all Israel Here the word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “David and all of the Israelites who were present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 15 22 mr6i translate-names 0 This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 15 23 l2ia translate-names 0 This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 15 24 kn9b translate-names 0 This ends the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 15 25 xai1 translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousands” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 15 25 xai1 translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousands” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 15 25 sdu8 translate-names 0 Obed Edom This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 15 27 p9xr figs-activepassive 0 David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David, the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers all wore fine linen robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 15 27 k6dh 0 linen a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 16 29 ff2x figs-abstractnouns 0 in the splendor of holiness The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 16 30 sre8 0 Tremble shake because of fear
1CH 16 30 i8cc figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This is a metonym for all the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 16 31 nw3p figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or 2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 16 31 nw3p figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 16 32 erj7 figs-explicit 0 that which fills it shout with joy The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CH 16 32 wzv5 figs-personification 0 Let the fields be joyful, and all that is in them “Let the fields and all that is in them be joyful.” The author speaks as if the fields and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CH 16 33 y73k figs-personification 0 let the trees in the forest shout for joy This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 20 1 wwm7 0 devastated the land “destroyed the land.” This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food.
1CH 20 1 ry6x figs-metonymy 0 He went and besieged Rabbah “He” refers to the soldiers as well as Joab. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers surrounded Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 20 2 gq7i translate-bmoney 0 talent about 33 kilograms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1CH 20 2 it6g figs-activepassive 0 The crown was set on David’s head This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David put the crown on his own head or 2) David’s men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 20 2 it6g figs-activepassive 0 The crown was set on David’s head This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) David put the crown on his own head or (2) David’s men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 20 2 sk4b figs-synecdoche 0 he brought out The word “he” refers to David, but also refers to David’s soldiers who helped David do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CH 20 2 sp5t 0 plunder valuable items taken in war
1CH 20 3 t578 figs-synecdoche 0 He brought out The word “He” refers to David, but also refers to David’s soldiers who helped David do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 20 8 bhd7 0 These were descendants of the Rephaim of Gath Here “these” refer to Sippai in [1 Chronicles 20:4](../20/04.md), Lahmi in [1 Chronicles 20:5](../20/05.md), and the giant in verse 6.
1CH 20 8 kv74 figs-synecdoche 0 they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>To trust in one’s own power instead of God’s protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1CH 21 1 dfl4 0 An adversary arose against Israel Possible meanings of “adversary” are 1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or 2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel.
1CH 21 1 dfl4 0 An adversary arose against Israel Possible meanings of “adversary” are (1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or (2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel.
1CH 21 1 t4tl 0 incited David to count Israel “caused David to do wrong, to count Israel.” If your language has a word for getting someone to become angry and do something he knows is wrong, you should use it here.
1CH 21 2 qcp8 0 count the people of Israel…that I may know their number It is apparent from [1 Chronicles 21:5](../21/05.md) that David wanted to count only the men who were able to fight.
1CH 21 2 yst5 figs-merism 0 from Beersheba to Dan The Israelites considered these two cities their most southern and most northern cities. David uses these cities to refer to all of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 22 18 i43s figs-activepassive 0 The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people This can be stated in active form. “The other nations no longer attack Yahweh and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 22 19 sn8d 0 Connecting Statement: David continues speaking to all the leaders of Israel.
1CH 22 19 h4y1 0 Now This word introduces something important that David is about to say.
1CH 22 19 s59s figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh your God Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CH 22 19 s59s figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh your God Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CH 22 19 ejf2 figs-you 0 your…you Here these pronouns are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CH 22 19 b3t4 figs-synecdoche 0 with all your heart and your soul Here “heart” and “soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CH 22 19 qhu2 figs-metonymy 0 Get up and build the holy place It is understood that Solomon will not do the work personally, but he will direct others to do it. Alternate translation: “Get up and direct the workers as they build the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 23 24 m224 figs-activepassive 0 These were Levi’s descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These were the names of Levi’s descendants and their families, whom David’s men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 23 24 tdq6 translate-numbers 0 from twenty years old and upward “from 20 years old and older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 23 25 vph8 0 has given rest Here “rest” refers to peace with surrounding nations. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 22:9](../22/09.md).
1CH 23 25 bfp6 0 He makes his home in Jerusalem forever Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or 2) Yahweh’s temple will be present in Jerusalem forever.
1CH 23 25 bfp6 0 He makes his home in Jerusalem forever Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or (2) Yahweh’s temple will be present in Jerusalem forever.
1CH 23 26 lg3t 0 all the equipment used in its service This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the equipment they used in its service”
1CH 23 27 xft2 figs-activepassive 0 For by David’s last words the Levites were counted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For David’s last command was for his men to count the Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 23 27 z88x translate-numbers 0 from twenty years old and upward “who were 20 years old and older.” See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 23:24](../23/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 26 25 mt17 translate-names 0 Rehabiah Translate the name of this man as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 26 25 gl1z translate-names 0 Jeshaiah…Joram…Zichri…Shelomith These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 26 26 id9e figs-idiom 0 were over This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “were in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 26 26 a6fy translate-numbers 0 commanders over thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 26 26 a6fy translate-numbers 0 commanders over thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 26 27 e184 0 plunder things an army takes from its enemies after a victory
1CH 26 28 iq33 figs-activepassive 0 everything that was set apart to Yahweh by Samuel the prophet…Joab son of Zeruiah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Samuel the prophet…Joab son of Zeruiah set apart to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 26 28 x64y translate-names 0 Kish…Ner…Zeruiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 26 32 eq1n translate-numbers 0 2,700 relatives “two thousand seven hundred family members” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br>
1CH 27 1 azm6 0 This is the list “These are the names”
1CH 27 1 j7ta translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 27 1 j7ta translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 27 1 ms1c 0 in various ways “in different ways” or “in many ways”
1CH 27 1 f9jj 0 Each military division served month by month throughout the year This means that each division took turns serving periods of a month at a time.
1CH 27 1 a223 0 Each military division “Each group”
@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s instructions<br>David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death.<br>
1CH 28 1 y878 0 assembled called together
1CH 28 1 u8rq 0 scheduled work Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month.
1CH 28 1 k8yf translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 28 1 k8yf translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 28 1 dve7 figs-idiom 0 the managers over The word “over” is used here as an idiom. Alternate translation: “the managers in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 28 1 cen6 figs-doublet 0 property and possessions These two words share similar meanings and refer to all of the items and lands that the king owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1CH 28 2 qmk3 figs-idiom 0 rose to his feet This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “stood up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 29 5 b1xt 0 give himself to him “give himself to God”
1CH 29 6 din9 translate-numbers 0 General Information: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 29 6 d694 figs-activepassive 0 Then freewill offerings were made by the leaders…and by the officials over the king’s work. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the leaders…and the officials over the king’s work made freewill offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 29 6 jr54 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 29 6 jr54 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 29 6 m3hh figs-idiom 0 the officials over the king’s work Here the word “over” is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: “the officials in charge of the king’s work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 29 7 hib8 translate-bmoney 0 five thousand talents…and 100,000 talents of iron “5,000 talents and 10,000 darics of gold, 10,000 talents of silver, 18,000 talents of bronze, and 100,000 talents of iron.” These may be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “165 metric tons and 84 kilograms of gold, 330 metric tons of silver, 600 metric tons of bronze, and 3,300 metric tons of iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1CH 29 7 f711 translate-numbers 0 100,000 talents “one hundred thousand talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
206 1CH 4 8 tq7a 0 and of the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum A new sentence can start here. “Koz also became the ancestor of Harum and the clans that descended from Harum’s son Aharhel”
207 1CH 4 9 gw86 translate-names 0 Jabez This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
208 1CH 4 10 v4ht 0 expand my territory “give me more land”
209 1CH 4 10 yd5d figs-metonymy 0 your hand will be with me Possible meanings are that God’s hand is 1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. Alternate translation: “you will guide me” or “you will make me prosper” or “you will protect me” or 2) a synecdoche for himself. Alternate translation: “you will be with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are that God’s hand is (1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. Alternate translation: “you will guide me” or “you will make me prosper” or “you will protect me” or (2) a synecdoche for himself. Alternate translation: “you will be with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
210 1CH 4 10 pn9h figs-metonymy 0 granted him his prayer The words “his prayer” are a metonym for what Jabez asked in the prayer. Alternate translation: “did what Jabez had asked him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
211 1CH 4 11 ujx1 translate-names 0 Kelub…Shuhah…Mehir…Eshton These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
212 1CH 4 12 y95p translate-names 0 Eshton…Beth Rapha…Paseah…Tehinnah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
347 1CH 6 30 a61s translate-names 0 Shimea…Haggiah…Asaiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
348 1CH 6 31 xq65 0 the house of Yahweh “where people met with Yahweh” This was a tent in David’s time.
349 1CH 6 31 ns7x 0 the ark came to rest there “the people of Israel placed the ark there”
350 1CH 6 32 ab5r 0 the tabernacle, the tent of meeting Possible meanings are 1) that “the tent of meeting” and “the tabernacle” are two names for the same thing or 2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, “the sanctuary of the tent of meeting” Possible meanings are (1) that “the tent of meeting” and “the tabernacle” are two names for the same thing or (2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, “the sanctuary of the tent of meeting”
351 1CH 6 32 r2nn 0 They fulfilled their duties “They did their work” or “They did their various kinds of work”
352 1CH 6 32 c2d7 figs-activepassive 0 according to the instructions given to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions that David gave them” or “according to the instructions they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
353 1CH 6 33 r3ce 0 These were those “These were the musicians”
705 1CH 11 20 kkt7 0 captain over the Three This means Abishai was the leader of the three men who went and got water for David.
706 1CH 11 20 sj8d translate-numbers 0 three hundred “300 men” or “300 warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
707 1CH 11 20 q7g6 figs-activepassive 0 He is mentioned along with the Three This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke of the Three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
708 1CH 11 21 v46p figs-activepassive 0 Of the Three, he was given double honor and became This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. Alternate translation: “People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became” or 2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. Alternate translation: “The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. Alternate translation: “People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became” or (2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. Alternate translation: “The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
709 1CH 11 22 y3ip translate-names 0 Benaiah…Jehoiada…Ariel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
710 1CH 11 22 k3cy translate-names 0 Kabzeel This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
711 1CH 11 23 y817 translate-bdistance 0 five cubits A “cubit” is a unit of measurement equal to 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
776 1CH 12 20 ek71 translate-numbers 0 captains over thousands of Manasseh This means that each of these men led groups of a thousand soldiers in the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “each a captain over 1,000 men in the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
777 1CH 12 21 yeh5 0 the roving bands “the groups of robbers.” This refers to groups of people who robbed people traveling through the countryside.
778 1CH 12 22 p43i 0 Day after day “Each day”
779 1CH 12 22 emw8 figs-idiom 0 a great army, like the army of God Possible meanings are 1) the phrase “like the army of God” means “like an army that God assembled” or 2) the word “God” is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. Alternate translation: “a very large army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) the phrase “like the army of God” means “like an army that God assembled” or (2) the word “God” is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. Alternate translation: “a very large army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
780 1CH 12 23 p6pq translate-numbers 0 General Information: This begins the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
781 1CH 12 23 q3ud figs-metaphor 0 to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him The men making David king in place of Saul is spoken of as if they gave possession of Saul’s kingdom to David. Alternate translation: “to make David king in place of Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782 1CH 12 23 am4d 0 carried out Yahweh’s word “made Yahweh’s word true” or “fulfilled Yahweh’s word”
802 1CH 12 31 kgt2 translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
803 1CH 12 32 r9s3 translate-numbers 0 This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
804 1CH 12 32 tsm5 translate-numbers 0 two hundred “200” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
805 1CH 12 32 h63a 0 who had understanding of the times Possible meanings are 1) these men knew the right time to act or 2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel. Possible meanings are (1) these men knew the right time to act or (2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel.
806 1CH 12 33 nfx2 translate-numbers 0 This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
807 1CH 12 33 twy3 translate-numbers 0 fifty thousand “50,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
808 1CH 12 33 v2qm figs-explicit 0 ready to give undivided loyalty It is implicit that they would give loyalty to David. Alternate translation: “ready to give undivided loyalty to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
821 1CH 12 39 ezv1 translate-numbers 0 three days “3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
822 1CH 12 40 av3z figs-synecdoche 0 Israel was celebrating The word “Israel” represents the people who make up the nation. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were celebrating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
823 1CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ark of the covenant<br>David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br>
824 1CH 13 1 ba28 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
825 1CH 13 2 b7bp figs-explicit 0 all the assembly of Israel This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. Alternate translation: “all of the Israelites who were assembled there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
826 1CH 13 2 ie4x figs-idiom 0 if this comes from Yahweh our God This idiom means that this action is something that Yahweh approves. Alternate translation: “if this is something that Yahweh our God approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
827 1CH 13 2 zgc6 figs-activepassive 0 Let them be told to join us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let messengers tell them to join us” or “Let them join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
832 1CH 13 6 u61q 0 which belongs to Judah “which is in Judah”
833 1CH 13 6 bf1b figs-explicit 0 to bring up from there the ark of God It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
834 1CH 13 6 yv2b 0 to bring up from there Jerusalem is higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
835 1CH 13 6 fl1m figs-idiom 0 which is called by Yahweh’s name This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idiom “called by…name” refers to a person owning the thing. Alternate translation: “which belongs to Yahweh” or 2) the ark has Yahweh’s name written on it. Alternate translation: “which bears Yahweh’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the idiom “called by…name” refers to a person owning the thing. Alternate translation: “which belongs to Yahweh” or (2) the ark has Yahweh’s name written on it. Alternate translation: “which bears Yahweh’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
836 1CH 13 6 sfv5 figs-explicit 0 who sits enthroned over the cherubim You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
837 1CH 13 7 v3ay translate-names 0 Abinadab…Uzzah…Ahio These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
838 1CH 13 8 rx95 figs-hyperbole 0 David and all Israel Here the word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “David and all of the Israelites who were present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
917 1CH 15 22 mr6i translate-names 0 This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
918 1CH 15 23 l2ia translate-names 0 This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
919 1CH 15 24 kn9b translate-names 0 This ends the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
920 1CH 15 25 xai1 translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousands” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousands” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
921 1CH 15 25 sdu8 translate-names 0 Obed Edom This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
922 1CH 15 27 p9xr figs-activepassive 0 David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David, the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers all wore fine linen robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
923 1CH 15 27 k6dh 0 linen a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
985 1CH 16 29 ff2x figs-abstractnouns 0 in the splendor of holiness The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
986 1CH 16 30 sre8 0 Tremble shake because of fear
987 1CH 16 30 i8cc figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This is a metonym for all the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
988 1CH 16 31 nw3p figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or 2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
989 1CH 16 32 erj7 figs-explicit 0 that which fills it shout with joy The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
990 1CH 16 32 wzv5 figs-personification 0 Let the fields be joyful, and all that is in them “Let the fields and all that is in them be joyful.” The author speaks as if the fields and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
991 1CH 16 33 y73k figs-personification 0 let the trees in the forest shout for joy This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1194 1CH 20 1 wwm7 0 devastated the land “destroyed the land.” This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food.
1195 1CH 20 1 ry6x figs-metonymy 0 He went and besieged Rabbah “He” refers to the soldiers as well as Joab. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers surrounded Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1196 1CH 20 2 gq7i translate-bmoney 0 talent about 33 kilograms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1197 1CH 20 2 it6g figs-activepassive 0 The crown was set on David’s head This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) David put the crown on his own head or 2) David’s men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) David put the crown on his own head or (2) David’s men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1198 1CH 20 2 sk4b figs-synecdoche 0 he brought out The word “he” refers to David, but also refers to David’s soldiers who helped David do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1199 1CH 20 2 sp5t 0 plunder valuable items taken in war
1200 1CH 20 3 t578 figs-synecdoche 0 He brought out The word “He” refers to David, but also refers to David’s soldiers who helped David do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1217 1CH 20 8 bhd7 0 These were descendants of the Rephaim of Gath Here “these” refer to Sippai in [1 Chronicles 20:4](../20/04.md), Lahmi in [1 Chronicles 20:5](../20/05.md), and the giant in verse 6.
1218 1CH 20 8 kv74 figs-synecdoche 0 they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1219 1CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>To trust in one’s own power instead of God’s protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1220 1CH 21 1 dfl4 0 An adversary arose against Israel Possible meanings of “adversary” are 1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or 2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel. Possible meanings of “adversary” are (1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or (2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel.
1221 1CH 21 1 t4tl 0 incited David to count Israel “caused David to do wrong, to count Israel.” If your language has a word for getting someone to become angry and do something he knows is wrong, you should use it here.
1222 1CH 21 2 qcp8 0 count the people of Israel…that I may know their number It is apparent from [1 Chronicles 21:5](../21/05.md) that David wanted to count only the men who were able to fight.
1223 1CH 21 2 yst5 figs-merism 0 from Beersheba to Dan The Israelites considered these two cities their most southern and most northern cities. David uses these cities to refer to all of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1335 1CH 22 18 i43s figs-activepassive 0 The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people This can be stated in active form. “The other nations no longer attack Yahweh and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1336 1CH 22 19 sn8d 0 Connecting Statement: David continues speaking to all the leaders of Israel.
1337 1CH 22 19 h4y1 0 Now This word introduces something important that David is about to say.
1338 1CH 22 19 s59s figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh your God Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1339 1CH 22 19 ejf2 figs-you 0 your…you Here these pronouns are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1340 1CH 22 19 b3t4 figs-synecdoche 0 with all your heart and your soul Here “heart” and “soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1341 1CH 22 19 qhu2 figs-metonymy 0 Get up and build the holy place It is understood that Solomon will not do the work personally, but he will direct others to do it. Alternate translation: “Get up and direct the workers as they build the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1378 1CH 23 24 m224 figs-activepassive 0 These were Levi’s descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These were the names of Levi’s descendants and their families, whom David’s men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1379 1CH 23 24 tdq6 translate-numbers 0 from twenty years old and upward “from 20 years old and older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1380 1CH 23 25 vph8 0 has given rest Here “rest” refers to peace with surrounding nations. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 22:9](../22/09.md).
1381 1CH 23 25 bfp6 0 He makes his home in Jerusalem forever Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or 2) Yahweh’s temple will be present in Jerusalem forever. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or (2) Yahweh’s temple will be present in Jerusalem forever.
1382 1CH 23 26 lg3t 0 all the equipment used in its service This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the equipment they used in its service”
1383 1CH 23 27 xft2 figs-activepassive 0 For by David’s last words the Levites were counted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For David’s last command was for his men to count the Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1384 1CH 23 27 z88x translate-numbers 0 from twenty years old and upward “who were 20 years old and older.” See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 23:24](../23/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1650 1CH 26 25 mt17 translate-names 0 Rehabiah Translate the name of this man as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1651 1CH 26 25 gl1z translate-names 0 Jeshaiah…Joram…Zichri…Shelomith These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1652 1CH 26 26 id9e figs-idiom 0 were over This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “were in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1653 1CH 26 26 a6fy translate-numbers 0 commanders over thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1654 1CH 26 27 e184 0 plunder things an army takes from its enemies after a victory
1655 1CH 26 28 iq33 figs-activepassive 0 everything that was set apart to Yahweh by Samuel the prophet…Joab son of Zeruiah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Samuel the prophet…Joab son of Zeruiah set apart to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1656 1CH 26 28 x64y translate-names 0 Kish…Ner…Zeruiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1671 1CH 26 32 eq1n translate-numbers 0 2,700 relatives “two thousand seven hundred family members” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1672 1CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br>
1673 1CH 27 1 azm6 0 This is the list “These are the names”
1674 1CH 27 1 j7ta translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1675 1CH 27 1 ms1c 0 in various ways “in different ways” or “in many ways”
1676 1CH 27 1 f9jj 0 Each military division served month by month throughout the year This means that each division took turns serving periods of a month at a time.
1677 1CH 27 1 a223 0 Each military division “Each group”
1777 1CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s instructions<br>David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death.<br>
1778 1CH 28 1 y878 0 assembled called together
1779 1CH 28 1 u8rq 0 scheduled work Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month.
1780 1CH 28 1 k8yf translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1781 1CH 28 1 dve7 figs-idiom 0 the managers over The word “over” is used here as an idiom. Alternate translation: “the managers in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1782 1CH 28 1 cen6 figs-doublet 0 property and possessions These two words share similar meanings and refer to all of the items and lands that the king owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1783 1CH 28 2 qmk3 figs-idiom 0 rose to his feet This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “stood up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1851 1CH 29 5 b1xt 0 give himself to him “give himself to God”
1852 1CH 29 6 din9 translate-numbers 0 General Information: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1853 1CH 29 6 d694 figs-activepassive 0 Then freewill offerings were made by the leaders…and by the officials over the king’s work. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the leaders…and the officials over the king’s work made freewill offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1854 1CH 29 6 jr54 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1855 1CH 29 6 m3hh figs-idiom 0 the officials over the king’s work Here the word “over” is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: “the officials in charge of the king’s work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1856 1CH 29 7 hib8 translate-bmoney 0 five thousand talents…and 100,000 talents of iron “5,000 talents and 10,000 darics of gold, 10,000 talents of silver, 18,000 talents of bronze, and 100,000 talents of iron.” These may be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “165 metric tons and 84 kilograms of gold, 330 metric tons of silver, 600 metric tons of bronze, and 3,300 metric tons of iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1857 1CH 29 7 f711 translate-numbers 0 100,000 talents “one hundred thousand talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 1 1 vd1l figs-idiom 0 God was with him Here “was with him” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God supported him” or “God helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 1 2 sp3p figs-events 0 General Information: It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
2CH 1 2 j3dj 0 spoke to all Israel, to the commanders…heads of the fathers’ house Here “all of Israel” means those people mentioned afterwards. They represent all of Israel. Alternate translation: “spoke to the commanders…heads of the father’s house”
2CH 1 2 sb2m translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 1 2 sb2m translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 1 2 g247 0 to every prince in all Israel, the heads of the fathers’ houses Here “the heads of the fathers’ houses” further describe the princes. Alternate translation: “to every prince in all Israel, that is, the heads of the fathers’ houses”
2CH 1 2 m8q8 0 to every prince Here “prince” means leaders in general. They are not necessarily the sons of the king. Alternate translation: “to every leader”
2CH 1 2 c8jd figs-metaphor 0 the heads of the fathers’ houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part. And “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “the leaders of the families in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 4 17 qg5k figs-metonymy 0 The king had cast them The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “The king commanded his workers to cast them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 4 17 et7r translate-names 0 Zarethan This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 4 18 wi3y figs-metonymy 0 Solomon made The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers made” or “Solomon had his workers make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 4 18 j8nk figs-activepassive 0 the weight of the bronze could not be known This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. Alternate translation: “no one even tried to weigh the bronze” or 2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. Alternate translation: “no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 4 18 j8nk figs-activepassive 0 the weight of the bronze could not be known This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. Alternate translation: “no one even tried to weigh the bronze” or (2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. Alternate translation: “no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 4 19 if8a figs-metonymy 0 Solomon made The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 4 19 ey5q 0 all the furnishings This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God.
2CH 4 19 qfi9 figs-activepassive 0 the tables on which the bread of the presence was to be placed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the tables on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 5 1 j4yx 0 treasuries storerooms, rooms where things are kept or stored
2CH 5 2 b6dz 0 assembled the elders of Israel “called together the leaders of Israel”
2CH 5 2 kxu7 figs-metaphor 0 all the heads of the tribes Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part of something. Alternate translation: “all the leaders of the tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 5 3 cnf6 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 5 3 cnf6 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 5 3 dpg6 translate-hebrewmonths 0 at the feast, which was in the seventh month This is the Festival of Shelters which is on the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 5 5 w2lc 0 furnishings This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 4:19](../04/19.md)
2CH 5 6 c9b1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the assembly of Israel Here “all” is a generalization meaning very many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -211,15 +211,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 6 mnv9 figs-metaphor 0 to be over my people Israel Being “over” people represents ruling them. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 7 y8bq 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues speaking to the people at the temple.
2CH 6 7 k1hc figs-metaphor 0 it was in the heart of David my father Here David’s heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. Alternate translation: “David my father desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 7 xz4b figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh…for me” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 7 xz4b figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh…for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 8 q89x figs-metaphor 0 it was in your heart…for it to be in your heart Here David’s heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. Alternate translation: “you desired…to desire to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 8 rdt9 figs-metonymy 0 for my name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 8 rdt9 figs-metonymy 0 for my name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 8 a4hn 0 In that it was in your heart “Because it was in your heart” or “Because you wanted”
2CH 6 9 d23q 0 one who will come from your loins “one who will be your own offspring” or “one whom you yourself will father”
2CH 6 10 vx39 figs-idiom 0 has carried out the word that he had said This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has done exactly what he said he would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 6 10 guj3 figs-metaphor 0 I have arisen in the place of David my father Height is a metaphor for power. Alternate translation: “I have gained the power that David my father had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 10 k9b9 figs-metonymy 0 I sit on the throne of Israel The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “I rule over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 10 t3t5 figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 10 t3t5 figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 11 k9lc figs-metonymy 0 in which is Yahweh’s covenant, which The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “in which are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 12 t8dh 0 in the presence of all the assembly of Israel “in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there”
2CH 6 12 exs6 translate-symaction 0 spread out his hands “raised his hands.” This was to show that he was praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 17 p4ke figs-activepassive 0 let your word be confirmed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “confirm your word” or “make your word come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 17 vt96 0 your word “your promise”
2CH 6 18 vj82 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying.
2CH 6 18 rnm5 figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 6 18 rnm5 figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 6 18 svl5 figs-123person 0 But will God Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person to show his great respect for God. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “But will you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2CH 6 18 h52u 0 Look Here “Look” indicates that he is about to say something important.
2CH 6 18 j36j 0 you—how much less can this temple that I have built “you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you”
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 19 lvk6 figs-doublet 0 listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you The words “cry” and “prayer” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “listen to me, your servant, as I call for you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2CH 6 20 eck3 figs-metaphor 0 May your eyes be open toward this temple The eyes being open is a metonym for watching, and here watching represents protecting. “Please watch over this temple” or “Please protect this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 20 h167 figs-merism 0 day and night This is a merism. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2CH 6 20 e2zd figs-metonymy 0 where you promised to put your name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “where you promised to be” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “where you promised to make people know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 20 e2zd figs-metonymy 0 where you promised to put your name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “where you promised to be” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “where you promised to make people know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 20 it7w figs-123person 0 the prayer your servant prays toward this place Solomon refers to himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “the prayer that I, your servant, pray toward this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2CH 6 21 beg5 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying.
2CH 6 21 ae79 figs-123person 0 So listen to the requests of your servant and of your people Israel Solomon speaks of himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “So listen to my requests and the requests of your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -264,12 +264,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 24 jp9m figs-activepassive 0 When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 24 mve8 0 because they have sinned against you “because your people Israel have sinned against you”
2CH 6 24 b8g1 figs-metaphor 0 if they turn back to you Here “turn back to you” represents submitting again to God. Alternate translation: “if they submit to you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
2CH 6 24 tl3k figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness before you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 25 ejw4 figs-idiom 0 please listen from the heavens To “listen” is an idiom for responding to prayer. Alternate translation: “please honor their prayer” or “please answer their prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 6 25 h3hp figs-explicit 0 bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God’s people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate translation: “bring them back to their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 6 26 px2t figs-metaphor 0 When the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. Alternate translation: “When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 26 lgb3 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
2CH 6 26 lgb3 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
2CH 6 26 ev9b figs-metaphor 0 turn from their sin Here “turn from” is a metaphor for stopping doing it. Alternate translation: “stop committing their sins” or “stop acting sinfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 27 x623 figs-metaphor 0 the good way in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “the good way that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 27 g7yz figs-metaphor 0 your land, which you have given to your people as an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance because God wanted them to possess it forever. Alternate translation: “your land, which you have given to your people to own forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 34 w49h figs-hypo 0 Suppose that your people go out…suppose that they pray When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2CH 6 34 c3iw translate-symaction 0 they pray to you toward this city…and toward the house Praying toward Jerusalem and the temple shows that they are praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2CH 6 34 p8bb figs-synecdoche 0 the house that I have built Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “this house that your people have built under my leadership” or “this house that I and your people have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 6 34 rfp6 figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 34 rfp6 figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 35 b6mm figs-doublet 0 to their prayer, their request The abstract nouns “prayer” and “request” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “to what they request when they pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CH 6 35 y3ze 0 help their cause This refers to helping them fight against their enemies.
2CH 6 36 ck1s 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying.
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 38 z79f translate-symaction 0 that they pray toward their land This refers to Israel. Praying toward Israel would show that they were praying to Yahweh, the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “that they pray facing their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2CH 6 38 u463 0 toward the city that you chose This refers to Jerusalem.
2CH 6 38 a8hp figs-synecdoche 0 the house that I have built Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the house that your people have built under my leadership” or “the house that I and your people have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 6 38 x5ql figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 38 x5ql figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 6 39 vtx2 figs-doublet 0 to their prayer and to their requests The words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their requests. Alternate translation: “their requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CH 6 40 sv75 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2CH 6 40 u6kz figs-metonymy 0 let your eyes be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “please pay attention to us” or “please look at us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 40 a4re figs-activepassive 0 to the prayer that is made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayer that we make in this place” or “to us as we pray to you in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 41 w18l figs-metaphor 0 arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. Alternate translation: “arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 41 wy6c 0 the ark of your strength “the ark, which is a symbol of your power”
2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests…be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Possible meanings are 1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…know that you have saved them” or 2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests…be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Possible meanings are (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 42 gdj1 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn the face of your anointed away from you Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. Alternate translation: “do not reject your anointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 42 y5ew figs-metonymy 0 your anointed “your anointed one.” Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one you anointed” or “me, the one you chose to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 42 fdg8 0 Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant The phrase “your acts” can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty”
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 7 1 ffl2 0 the house “Yahweh’s house” or “the temple”
2CH 7 3 xie8 translate-symaction 0 they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement This is a position of humility and worship. Alternate translation: “they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2CH 7 3 ti2r figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant loyalty endures forever The abstract noun “covenant loyalty” can be expressed with the adjective “loyal” and the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant” or “God will always faithfully do for us what he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 7 4 b3k1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This generalization refers either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 7 4 b3k1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This generalization refers either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 7 5 sd7i translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand oxen “22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 7 5 lkm9 translate-numbers 0 120,000 sheep and goats “one hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 7 6 f3sl 0 each standing where they serve “each standing in their appointed place”
@ -356,13 +356,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 7 13 w4j7 figs-metonymy 0 devour the land The word “land” represents the plants and crops on the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 13 tes9 figs-metaphor 0 if I send disease among my people Here “send disease” represents causing diseases. Alternate translation: “if I cause my people to have diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 14 pn2i figs-idiom 0 who are called by my name Here being called by God’s name is an idiom meaning belonging to God. Alternate translation: “who belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 7 14 td32 figs-metaphor 0 seek my face Here God’s face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are “seek my face” represents 1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “beg me to forgive them” or 2) strongly wanting to please him. Alternate translation: “choose to please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 14 td32 figs-metaphor 0 seek my face Here God’s face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are “seek my face” represents (1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “beg me to forgive them” or (2) strongly wanting to please him. Alternate translation: “choose to please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 14 gf7j figs-metaphor 0 turn from their wicked ways Here “turn from” is a metaphor meaning to stop doing something, and “ways” represent behavior. Alternate translation: “stop their wicked behavior” or “stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 14 l61k figs-personification 0 heal their land Here land that does not produce much is spoken of as though it were sick. Alternate translation: “make their land good again” or “make their land produce good crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2CH 7 15 hg3e figs-metonymy 0 my eyes will be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to you” or “I will watch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 15 u7pi figs-metonymy 0 my ears attentive to the prayers The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. Alternate translation: “I will listen to the prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 15 x4yj figs-activepassive 0 the prayers that are made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayers that you make in this place” or “to you as you pray to me in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 7 16 q51b figs-metonymy 0 that my name may be there forever Possible meanings are 1) God’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I may be there forever” or 2) God’s name represents Yahweh’s reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. Alternate translation: “for people to worship me there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 16 q51b figs-metonymy 0 that my name may be there forever Possible meanings are (1) God’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I may be there forever” or (2) God’s name represents Yahweh’s reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. Alternate translation: “for people to worship me there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 16 ni43 figs-metonymy 0 My eyes and my heart will be there every day Here “My eyes” represents God’s careful attention, and “my heart” represents his love. These being at his temple implies that he will protect his temple. Alternate translation: “I will watch and protect it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 7 17 whk5 0 As for you Here “you” refers to King Solomon.
2CH 7 17 bqf8 figs-metaphor 0 if you walk before me as David your father walked Here walking is a metaphor for living. Walking before God represents living in obedience to him. Alternate translation: “If you obey me as David your father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -371,11 +371,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 7 18 w8ci figs-metonymy 0 I will establish the throne of your kingdom Here the throne represents ruling. Establishing the throne of Solomon’s kingdom represents causing Solomon to have descendants who will rule over Israel. Alternate translation: “I will make descendants of yours rule over your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 18 bvj8 0 A descendant of yours will never fail to be ruler in Israel This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “One of your descendants will always be ruler in Israel” or “Descendants of yours will always rule in Israel”
2CH 7 19 yuu1 figs-metaphor 0 But if you turn away Here “turn away” from God is a metaphor meaning to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “But if you stop worshiping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 19 rw4f 0 you turn away Possible meanings are that the word “you” refers 1) to all the people of Israel, or 2) to Solomon and his descendants.
2CH 7 19 rw4f 0 you turn away Possible meanings are that the word “you” refers (1) to all the people of Israel, or (2) to Solomon and his descendants.
2CH 7 19 s9wz figs-doublet 0 my statutes and my commandments Here the words “commandments” and “statutes” mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CH 7 20 z12c figs-metaphor 0 I will uproot them from out of my ground that I have given them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. God speaks of making his people leave his land as if they were plants that he would pull up by their roots out of the soil. Alternate translation: “I will make them leave the land I have given them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 20 l3hd 0 This house This refers to the temple.
2CH 7 20 dh8i figs-metonymy 0 that I have set apart for my name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for myself” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 20 dh8i figs-metonymy 0 that I have set apart for my name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for myself” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 7 20 wl1d figs-metaphor 0 I will cast away from before me God speaks of rejecting his temple as if he were to throw it far away from himself. Alternate translation: “I will reject it” or “I will ignore it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 7 20 fx4h 0 I will make it a proverb and a joke among all the peoples “I will cause all the peoples to make proverbs and jokes about it” or “because of what I do to it, all the nations will mock and ridicule it”
2CH 7 21 d147 0 will be shocked “will be amazed”
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 9 2 jyn4 figs-doublenegatives 0 there was no question that he did not answer This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he answered every question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2CH 9 3 cq4h figs-metaphor 0 When the queen of Sheba saw Solomon’s wisdom and the palace that he had built Here “saw Solomon’s wisdom” represents realizing that Solomon was very wise. Alternate translation: “When the queen of Sheba realized how wise Solomon was, and when she saw the palace that he had built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 9 3 yc1c figs-metonymy 0 the palace that he had built The author writes about Solomon having his workers build his palace as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the palace that Solomon had his workers build” or “the palace that he had commanded his workers to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 4 ip9a 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are 1) where his servants lived or 2) how his servants sat around the table.
2CH 9 4 ip9a 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are (1) where his servants lived or (2) how his servants sat around the table.
2CH 9 4 ahf3 0 his cupbearers “his wine servers.” These were servants who tasted the king’s wine to make sure that there was no poison in it. If it was safe to drink the wine, they would give it to the king.
2CH 9 4 q52q figs-idiom 0 there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she was completely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 9 5 b6j2 0 I heard in my own land “I heard while I was in my own land”
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 9 8 dtb1 figs-distinguish 0 who has taken pleasure in you, who placed you on his throne These phrases tell why people should praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because he has taken pleasure in you and placed you on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
2CH 9 8 qdj4 0 who has taken pleasure in you “who is pleased with you”
2CH 9 8 r6ma figs-metonymy 0 who placed you on his throne, to be king for Yahweh your God The idea of being on Yahweh’s throne represents having the authority to rule as Yahweh does. Being king “for Yahweh” means to represent Yahweh as king. Alternate translation: “who gave you authority to rule as he does, to represent Yahweh your God as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 8 szp3 figs-metaphor 0 in order to establish them forever Possible meanings are 1) “establish” represents helping them in general. Alternate translation: “in order to help them forever” or 2) “establish” represents making them strong as a nation. Alternate translation: “in order to make them a nation forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 9 8 szp3 figs-metaphor 0 in order to establish them forever Possible meanings are (1) “establish” represents helping them in general. Alternate translation: “in order to help them forever” or (2) “establish” represents making them strong as a nation. Alternate translation: “in order to make them a nation forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 9 8 h1p5 figs-abstractnouns 0 for you to do justice and righteousness The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be expressed with the words “fairly” and “righteously.” Alternate translation: “for you to rule fairly and righteously” or “for you to do what is just and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 9 9 ur2t translate-numbers 0 120 talents “one hundred and twenty talents.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “about four thousand kilograms of gold” or “about four metric tons of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2CH 9 9 de8v figs-activepassive 0 No greater amount of spices…was ever given to him again The verb “was ever given” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one ever gave more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -453,25 +453,25 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 9 10 nmk6 0 algum wood Algum is a kind of tree that grows in Lebanon. King Hiram sent this kind of wood to Solomon. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 2:8](../02/08.md).
2CH 9 11 qy68 figs-metonymy 0 the king made steps…well as harps and lyres The author speaks of the king having his workers make these things as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “the king had his workers make the steps…as well as harps and lyres” or “the king’s workers made steps…well as harps and lyres” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 11 ej8x figs-activepassive 0 No wood like this had been seen before in the land of Judah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had seen wood like this before in the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 9 13 ps2f 0 in one year Possible meanings are 1) this refers to each year or 2) this refers to a particular year.
2CH 9 13 ps2f 0 in one year Possible meanings are (1) this refers to each year or (2) this refers to a particular year.
2CH 9 13 mi29 translate-bweight 0 666 talents of gold A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “about twenty-two thousand kilograms of gold” or “about twenty-two metric tons of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 9 15 r2xr figs-metonymy 0 King Solomon made The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers make” or “King Solomon’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 15 llx6 translate-numbers 0 two hundred large shields “200 large shields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 9 15 z24b 0 beaten gold “gold that people had beaten into thin sheets”
2CH 9 15 f7gd 0 Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold” or 2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold”
2CH 9 15 f7gd 0 Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold”
2CH 9 15 v611 translate-bweight 0 Six hundred shekels of gold A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “Six and one half kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2CH 9 15 dws6 0 Six hundred shekels The word “shekels” does not appear here in the Hebrew text. Some modern versions assume instead the unit called bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms.
2CH 9 16 i3gs figs-metonymy 0 He also made The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers also make” or “His workers also made”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 16 zsv3 translate-numbers 0 three hundred shields “300 shields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 9 16 ke2c 0 Three minas of gold went into each shield Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with three minas of gold” or 2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of three minas of gold”
2CH 9 16 ke2c 0 Three minas of gold went into each shield Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with three minas of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of three minas of gold”
2CH 9 16 m5ie translate-bweight 0 Three minas of gold A mina is about 600 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “One and three-quarters kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2CH 9 16 xhy9 figs-metonymy 0 the king put them The author writes about Solomon having his workers put the shields in the palace as if he himself had put them there. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers put them” or “King Solomon’s workers put them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 16 d7ui translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 9 16 d7ui translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 9 17 b488 figs-metonymy 0 the king made a great throne The author speaks of commanding his workers to build the throne as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the king had his workers make a great throne” or “the king’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 9 17 j15s 0 a great throne of ivory “a great throne decorated with ivory”
2CH 9 17 lgr9 translate-unknown 0 ivory Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2CH 9 18 v6bc figs-explicit 0 two lions These were statues. Alternate translation: “two statues of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). Possible meanings are (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 9 20 i115 figs-activepassive 0 silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 9 20 d78i figs-explicit 0 in Solomon’s days Here “Solomon’s days” refers to the time when Solomon ruled. Alternate translation: “when Solomon ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 9 21 y4vx 0 a fleet of oceangoing ships “a group of ships that travel on the ocean”
@ -511,10 +511,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 10 10 g33p figs-metaphor 0 My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. Alternate translation: “I rule much more harshly than my father ever did” or “I am much harsher than my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 11 rf83 figs-metaphor 0 A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. This metaphor is continued in this verses. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:4](../10/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 11 kml8 figs-metaphor 0 I will add to your yoke “I will make your yoke heavier.” A yoke is a metaphor for labor. Alternate translation: “I will force you to work harder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 11 m9mf figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that 1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or 2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 11 m9mf figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 12 i85z translate-ordinal 0 on the third day “after three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2CH 10 14 amx4 figs-metaphor 0 made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. Alternate translation: “treated you cruelly, but I will be more cruel” or “forced you to work very hard, but I will make you work harder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 14 c4q1 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that 1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or 2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 14 c4q1 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 10 15 h2dv figs-metonymy 0 So the king did not listen to the people Here “listen to the people” represents not care about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. Alternate translation: “So the king did not do what the people had asked him to do” or “So the king ignored the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 10 15 a44u figs-idiom 0 it was a turn in events brought about by God This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God caused things to happen like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 10 15 w5m2 0 that Yahweh might carry out his word…Nebat “that Yahweh might do according to the message that he told Ahijah the Shilonite to tell Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “that Yahweh might do what he had said he would do when he told Ahijah the Shilonite to give a message to Jeroboam son of Nebat”
@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 11 11 x59w figs-explicit 0 He fortified the fortresses Here the word “fortresses” refers to fortified cities. That Rehoboam “fortified the fortresses” means that he built up and strengthened the defenses of these fortified cities. Alternate translation: “He strengthened the defenses of the fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 11 12 d49t 0 made them very strong “made the cities very strong”
2CH 11 12 e62q 0 Judah and Benjamin belonged to him Rehoboam was in control of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.
2CH 11 13 fza2 0 The priests and the Levites…went over to him from within their borders Possible meanings are 1) “The priests and Levites…supported Rehoboam from within their borders” or 2) “The priests and Levites…traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam.”
2CH 11 13 fza2 0 The priests and the Levites…went over to him from within their borders Possible meanings are (1) “The priests and Levites…supported Rehoboam from within their borders” or (2) “The priests and Levites…traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam.”
2CH 11 14 dm8b 0 pasturelands lands used for animals
2CH 11 14 x37j figs-idiom 0 Jeroboam and his sons had driven them away To “drive away” is an idiom that means to forcefully cause someone to leave. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his sons had forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 11 15 duw5 figs-metonymy 0 the goat and calf idols he had made It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Jeroboam make these idols. Alternate translation: “the goat idols and calf idols that he had his craftsmen make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 12 5 nb5s figs-metonymy 0 so I have also given you over into Shishak’s hand Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh speaks of enabling Shishak’s army to defeat the king and the others in Jerusalem as if he were placing them into Shishak’s hand. Alternate translation: “so I have enabled Shishak to defeat you” or “so I have given you to Shishak as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 12 7 gf96 0 they had humbled themselves “the princes of Israel and the king had humbled themselves”
2CH 12 7 ltq3 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came…saying This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message…and he said” or “Yahweh spoke these words…and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 12 7 h5pb 0 I will rescue them to some extent Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or 2) the words “to some extent” can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city.
2CH 12 7 h5pb 0 I will rescue them to some extent Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or (2) the words “to some extent” can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city.
2CH 12 7 ixx1 figs-metaphor 0 my anger will not pour out on Jerusalem Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a liquid, and of expressing his anger as if he were to pour out that liquid. Alternate translation: “I will not express my anger against Jerusalem” or “Jerusalem will not suffer the effects of my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 12 7 t19p figs-synecdoche 0 by means of Shishak’s hand Here the word “hand” represents Shishak himself. Alternate translation: “by means of Shishak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 12 9 n442 figs-metonymy 0 Shishak, king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem “Shishak, king of Egypt” here is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](../12/02.md). Alternate translation: “Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 12 12 mqq3 figs-personification 0 Yahweh’s anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely Yahweh no longer being angry with Rehoboam is spoken of as if Yahweh’s anger were a person who turned away from Rehoboam. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was no longer angry with him and so did not destroy him completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2CH 12 12 xw5h 0 besides, there was “in addition, there was”
2CH 12 13 i7a2 translate-numbers 0 forty-one years old…seventeen years “41 years old…17 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 12 13 q8fn figs-metonymy 0 so that he might put his name there Possible meanings for the phrase “put his name” are 1) a metonym for “dwell.” Alternate translation: “so that he might dwell there” or 2) an idiom that refers to ownership. Alternate translation: “so that it might belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 12 13 q8fn figs-metonymy 0 so that he might put his name there Possible meanings for the phrase “put his name” are (1) a metonym for “dwell.” Alternate translation: “so that he might dwell there” or (2) an idiom that refers to ownership. Alternate translation: “so that it might belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 12 13 iri3 translate-names 0 Naamah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 12 14 pr1e figs-metonymy 0 he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom “fix his heart” means to determine to do something. Alternate translation: “he was not committed to seeking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 12 14 uty9 figs-metaphor 0 to seek Yahweh Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -677,10 +677,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 14 11 kg3d figs-metonymy 0 in your name Here “name” represents Yahweh’s authority. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” or “by your authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 14 11 i4yk figs-explicit 0 do not let man defeat you Since the army of Judah is fighting in Yahweh’s name, Asa speaks of Zerah defeating Judah as if Zerah were to defeat Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “do not let man defeat your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 14 12 cak6 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh struck the Cushites before Asa and Judah God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites is spoken of as if God struck the Cushites. Alternate translation: “God enabled Asa and the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 14 13 gq8v 0 So many Cushites fell that they could not recover Possible meanings are 1) “So many Cushites died that the army could not recover” or 2) “So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive.”
2CH 14 13 gq8v 0 So many Cushites fell that they could not recover Possible meanings are (1) “So many Cushites died that the army could not recover” or (2) “So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive.”
2CH 14 13 j42c figs-euphemism 0 So many Cushites fell Here to “fall” is a euphemism for dying in battle. Alternate translation: “So many Cushites died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 14 13 y95c figs-activepassive 0 for they were completely destroyed before Yahweh and his army This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 14 14 a7vh figs-metaphor 0 for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are 1) “terror of Yahweh” refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified” or 2) “terror of Yahweh” refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 14 14 a7vh figs-metaphor 0 for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are (1) “terror of Yahweh” refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified” or (2) “terror of Yahweh” refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The section about King Asa continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Promise<br>The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The phrase “seek Yahweh” means “wanting to believe and obey Yahweh.” This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
2CH 15 1 a8dj figs-idiom 0 The Spirit of God came on Azariah This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Azariah and enabled him to prophesy. Alternate translation: “The Spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 15 1 jvp5 translate-names 0 Oded This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 15 11 cb7r translate-numbers 0 seven hundred…seven thousand “700…7,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 15 12 aq2r figs-idiom 0 with all their heart and with all their soul Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all their beings” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CH 15 13 yp2f figs-activepassive 0 be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 15 13 cg98 figs-metaphor 0 whether the person was small or great Possible meanings are 1) a person’s importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was important or not” or 2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was young or old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 15 13 cg98 figs-metaphor 0 whether the person was small or great Possible meanings are (1) a person’s importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was important or not” or (2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was young or old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 15 15 hjl3 figs-hyperbole 0 All Judah rejoiced Here the word “all” is a generalization. The phrase means that people from all over Judah rejoiced. Alternate translation: “People all over Judah rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 15 15 gs5l figs-idiom 0 with all their heart The idiom “with all their heart” means “with complete devotion.” Alternate translation: “with complete devotion” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 15 15 sc7r figs-activepassive 0 he was found by them This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “they found him” or “he permitted them to find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 17 11 i95m translate-numbers 0 7,700 rams, and 7,700 goats The number can also be written as seven thousand seven hundred. This is a description of the flocks that the Arabians brought Jehoshaphat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 17 12 htg5 figs-metonymy 0 He built fortresses and store cities Jehoshaphat did not build these things himself, rather he commanded his workers to build them. Alternate translation: “His workers built fortresses and store cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 17 14 lw9k figs-activepassive 0 These were their divisions listed by the name of their fathers’ houses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The divisions by the name of their fathers’ houses were as follows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 17 14 trd6 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands The phrase “commander of thousands” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousands” represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 17 14 trd6 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands The phrase “commander of thousands” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousands” represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 17 14 rvd4 translate-names 0 Adnah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 17 14 pb9d translate-numbers 0 300000 “three hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 17 15 h2g8 translate-names 0 Jehohanan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 18 31 sww1 0 That is the king of Israel Jehoshaphat was wrongly identified as the king of Israel because Ahab had insisted that he wear kingly robes.
2CH 18 31 c71a 0 God turned them away from him “God caused them to stop pursuing him”
2CH 18 31 w122 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 18 33 xs83 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
2CH 18 33 xs83 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
2CH 18 33 ggx8 0 between the joints of his armor This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords.
2CH 18 34 qv2q figs-activepassive 0 the king of Israel was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone held the king of Israel up in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levite judges<br>Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 19 5 x63t 0 fortified cities cities with walls around them for protection
2CH 19 5 z8j6 0 city by city “for every city”
2CH 19 6 gxr5 0 He said to the judges “Jehoshaphat said to the judges”
2CH 19 6 fys3 figs-idiom 0 he is with you Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or 2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or 3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 19 6 fys3 figs-idiom 0 he is with you Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or (2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or (3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 19 7 zrc9 0 let the fear of Yahweh be upon you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge”
2CH 19 7 k52c figs-abstractnouns 0 there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking The abstract nouns “iniquity,” “favoritism,” and “bribe” can be translated using the verbs “sin,” “favor,” and “bribe.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 19 8 mdr1 figs-metaphor 0 heads of the ancestral houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part, and “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “leaders of the ancient families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 21 14 g535 0 see This tells Jehoram to pay attention to the message that follows.
2CH 21 14 j454 0 strike with a great plague “cause a great plague to happen to”
2CH 21 15 q6nu figs-rpronouns 0 You yourself The use of the reflexive “yourself” emphasizes that this is a personal judgment on Jehoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2CH 21 15 gg3z figs-metaphor 0 until your intestines fall out because of the sickness Possible meanings are 1) his intestines will literally fall out or 2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: “until this disease causes your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 21 15 gg3z figs-metaphor 0 until your intestines fall out because of the sickness Possible meanings are (1) his intestines will literally fall out or (2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: “until this disease causes your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 21 16 fzg5 figs-metonymy 0 stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Here “spirit” is singular and refers to the Philistines as a group and to the Arabians as a group. Alternate translation: “provoked against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 21 16 f277 figs-synecdoche 0 against Jehoram Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. Alternate translation: “against Jehoram and the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 21 16 uu9q figs-explicit 0 the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 22 7 fsr1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 22 8 nil2 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 22 8 f4j8 0 carrying out God’s judgment on the house of Ahab This refers to killing the descendants of Ahab. Alternate translation: “killing all the descendants of Ahab as God had commanded”
2CH 22 8 y16a 0 the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers Possible meanings are 1) Ahaziah’s nephews or 2) the sons of Ahaziah’s relatives .
2CH 22 8 y16a 0 the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers Possible meanings are (1) Ahaziah’s nephews or (2) the sons of Ahaziah’s relatives .
2CH 22 9 w5uj 0 they caught him…killed him “they caught Ahaziah…killed Ahaziah”
2CH 22 9 pvb7 figs-explicit 0 they buried him, for they said, “He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought Yahweh with all his heart.” They honored him enough to bury his body because he was the descendant of Jehoshaphat, who was a good king. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: they buried his corpse, because they said, “He deserves to be buried, because he was a descendant of Jehoshaphat, who tried hard to please Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 22 9 kaw8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahaziah had no more power to rule the kingdom Here “house of Ahaziah” is a metonym that refers to Ahaziah’s descendants. Here “power to rule” is a metonym for a king. Since all the adult descendants of Ahaziah were dead, there was no one left to rule Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 23 1 sr8q figs-explicit 0 General Information: Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as “the king.” It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add “King Joash” or “Joash the king” to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 23 1 j4s2 translate-names 0 Jehoiada the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 23 1 s3ap 0 showed his strength He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah’s rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. Alternate translation: “decided to act”
2CH 23 1 qa9v translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 23 1 qa9v translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 23 1 nsc1 0 entered into a covenant “made an agreement”
2CH 23 1 hg6w translate-names 0 Azariah…Ishmael…Azariah…Maaseiah…Elishaphat These five men were the commanders of hundreds of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 23 1 h188 translate-names 0 Jeroham…Jehohanan…Obed…Adaiah…Zichri These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 23 7 h1ia 0 The Levites must surround the king on all sides “The Levites must surround the king on all sides in order to protect him”
2CH 23 7 qr4l 0 all sides, every man with his weapons in his hand “all sides, and every temple guard should have his weapons and be ready to fight”
2CH 23 7 zl56 figs-explicit 0 Whoever comes into the house, let him be killed This did not include the temple guards and the priests. This can be stated explicitly and in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone except the temple guards and the priests who come into the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 23 7 w2bd figs-idiom 0 when he comes in and when he goes out Possible meanings are 1) “at all times” or 2) “wherever he goes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 23 7 w2bd figs-idiom 0 when he comes in and when he goes out Possible meanings are (1) “at all times” or (2) “wherever he goes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 23 8 xqu4 figs-hyperbole 0 all Judah This is a generalization to refer to all the people of Judah who were present in the courtyard that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 23 8 m6jh 0 served in every way in the manner in which Jehoiada the priest commanded “did exactly what Jehoiada the priest commanded” or “obeyed everything that Jehoiada the priest commanded”
2CH 23 8 u5l3 0 Each one took his men…any of their divisions The priests and guards served in divisions, with each group working for two weeks. This refers to the point in time when two divisions were present—the one ending their service and the one starting their service. Thus there were twice as many men as usual.
@ -1078,9 +1078,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 23 13 r48v translate-symaction 0 Athaliah tore her clothes This was a symbolic action to show her great distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2CH 23 13 ut9m 0 Treason! Treason! Treason is acting to overthrow the government. Athaliah had killed the legitimate heirs of the king and made herself ruler in [2 Chronicles 22:10](../22/10.md). She was angry that Joash became king in her place. The exclamation is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are committing treason!”
2CH 23 14 v54k translate-names 0 Jehoiada Translate this man’s name as in [2 Chronicles 22:11](../22/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 23 14 ec86 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 23 14 ec86 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 23 14 m46m 0 who were over the army “who were leaders in the army”
2CH 23 14 vug9 0 Bring her out between the ranks Possible meanings are 1) “Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard” or 2) “Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard”
2CH 23 14 vug9 0 Bring her out between the ranks Possible meanings are (1) “Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard” or (2) “Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard”
2CH 23 14 s2az figs-activepassive 0 anyone who follows her, let him be killed with the sword This can be stated in active form. It is implied that people who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Use your sword to kill anyone who comes to help her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 23 14 l9pu 0 For the priest had said “For Jehoiada the priest had said”
2CH 23 15 fpq7 0 as she went into the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king’s house Some versions have “and took her to the Horse Gate near the entrance of the kings’ house”
@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 23 18 sb5q figs-metonymy 0 under the hand of the priests Here “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “under the direction of the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 23 19 zr6t figs-metaphor 0 so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “so that no one that was unacceptable to God in any way should enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 23 19 n7gl figs-doublenegatives 0 so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “to make sure that only those who are clean could enter” or “to make sure only those who are acceptable to God could enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2CH 23 20 kvk5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 23 20 kvk5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 23 20 a2v6 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land This is a generalization that means he took very many people with him. Alternate translation: “a very large group of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2CH 23 20 zax5 0 He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh The temple was built on the highest hill in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “He brought the king down from the temple to the palace”
2CH 23 20 tc95 0 the throne of the kingdom “the royal throne”
@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 25 5 n6hs figs-metonymy 0 gathered Judah together Here “Judah” refers to the people who lived in Judah. Alternate translation: “gathered the people of Judah together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 25 5 uf4a 0 registered them…numbered them He had someone write their names on an official list.
2CH 25 5 c5qe figs-metonymy 0 by their ancestors’ houses Here the word “houses” is a metonym for the families that lived in them. Alternate translation: “by their ancestors’ families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 25 5 yu4d translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 25 5 yu4d translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 25 5 y5vt figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah and Benjamin Here “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people who lived in the wider kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah and Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 25 5 l7tc figs-metaphor 0 twenty years old and upward Here numbers that were larger than twenty are spoken of as if they were higher. Alternate translation: “20 years old and older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 25 5 cp1c 0 found them to be “learned that there were”
@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 28 23 dud5 figs-abstractnouns 0 they were the ruin of him and of all Israel The word “ruin” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “those gods ruined him and all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 28 23 s5rh 0 all Israel Here “Israel” represents the southern kingdom of Judah.
2CH 28 24 aq8i figs-metonymy 0 the house of God…the house of Yahweh Here the word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple of God…the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 28 24 r4zt figs-metaphor 0 in every corner of Jerusalem Possible meanings are 1) the word “corner” refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. Alternate translation: “on every street corner in Jerusalem” or 2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. Alternate translation: “in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 28 24 r4zt figs-metaphor 0 in every corner of Jerusalem Possible meanings are (1) the word “corner” refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. Alternate translation: “on every street corner in Jerusalem” or (2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. Alternate translation: “in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 28 24 a6t1 figs-metonymy 0 he made for himself altars Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. Alternate translation: “he had his workers make altars for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 28 25 hu6h figs-metonymy 0 he made high places to burn sacrifices Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. Alternate translation: “he had his workers make high places to burn sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 28 26 q9h8 figs-metaphor 0 all his ways, first and last Ahaz’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. The phrase “first and last” refers to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “all that he did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 29 9 s1cz figs-idiom 0 our fathers have fallen by the sword The idiom “fallen by the sword” means to die in battle. The word “sword” represents the soldiers, who used swords as their primary weapons. Alternate translation: “our fathers have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 29 10 kk25 figs-metonymy 0 it is in my heart Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and intentions. Hezekiah speaks of deciding to do something as if that thing were in his heart. Alternate translation: “it is my intention” or “I have decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 29 10 n8z4 figs-metaphor 0 his fierce anger may turn away from us Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with them as if Yahweh’s anger were a person who turns away from them Alternate translation: “he may no longer be angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2CH 29 11 h7hq figs-idiom 0 to stand before him Possible meanings are 1) “to stand in his presence” or 2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. Alternate translation: “to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 29 11 h7hq figs-idiom 0 to stand before him Possible meanings are (1) “to stand in his presence” or (2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. Alternate translation: “to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 29 12 qf5d translate-names 0 General Information: These verses list the names of the Levites who began to do the work that Hezekiah had ordered them to do. These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 29 12 rbc2 figs-idiom 0 the Levites arose Here the word “arose” is an idiom that means that the Levites began to act. Alternate translation: “the Levites began to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 29 15 mj7w 0 following the words of Yahweh This phrase shows that the king gave his command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in obedience to the word of Yahweh” or “because of what Yahweh had said”
@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 30 21 wlu2 0 singing with loud instruments to Yahweh “singing and playing loud musical instruments to Yahweh”
2CH 30 22 i564 figs-distinguish 0 who understood the service of Yahweh This was the reason that he spoke encouragingly to them. Alternate translation: “because they understood the service of Yahweh” or “because they served Yahweh skillfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
2CH 30 22 d2rq 0 So they ate throughout the festival The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
2CH 30 22 qnw4 0 making confession to Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “confession” here refers to saying that God is great. Alternate translation: “praising Yahweh” or 2) “confession” here refers to admitting their sins. Alternate translation: “confessing their sins to Yahweh”
2CH 30 22 qnw4 0 making confession to Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “confession” here refers to saying that God is great. Alternate translation: “praising Yahweh” or (2) “confession” here refers to admitting their sins. Alternate translation: “confessing their sins to Yahweh”
2CH 30 24 y3lu 0 Hezekiah…gave the assembly…bulls and…sheep as an offering Hezekiah gave the animals to the people as an offering to the Lord for the people to eat.
2CH 30 24 ez4q translate-numbers 0 one thousand bulls…seven thousand sheep…one thousand bulls…ten thousand sheep and goats “1,000 bulls…7,000 sheep…1,000 bulls…10,000 sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 30 25 wa91 0 All the assembly of Judah Here “Judah” probably refers to the southern tribes of Israel.
@ -1523,9 +1523,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 32 2 yg5w figs-metonymy 0 to fight against Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people there. Alternate translation: “to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “to fight against the army of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 3 hu1g 0 to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways.
2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Possible meanings for “kings” are 1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or 2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Possible meanings for “kings” are (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 32 5 axu1 figs-synecdoche 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up…He built…He also…he made The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up…They built…They also…they made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up Possible meanings are 1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or 2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up Possible meanings are (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
2CH 32 5 k73i 0 the Millo This is a part of the wall on the north side of Jerusalem.
2CH 32 6 hs5z figs-idiom 0 He placed military commanders over the people The idiom “place over” means to put in charge of. “He put military commanders in charge of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 32 7 u7m5 0 for someone is with us who is greater than those with him “for our God is with us and is more powerful than those with the king of Assyria”
@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 34 21 e2m2 figs-activepassive 0 all that was written in it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all that is written in it” or “all that is in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 34 22 p3p5 translate-names 0 Huldah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 34 22 ak1d translate-names 0 Shallum…Tokhath…Hasrah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 34 22 vd7l 0 keeper of the wardrobe This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
2CH 34 22 vd7l 0 keeper of the wardrobe This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
2CH 34 22 yp5b translate-ordinal 0 the Second District This was a cerain part of Jerusalem. It may have been a newer part. Alternate translation: “The Second Part” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2CH 34 22 f1d3 0 they spoke with her in this way “they had the following conversation with her”
2CH 34 23 k4fz 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah.
@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 35 22 csu6 translate-names 0 the Valley of Megiddo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 35 24 lf7i figs-metonymy 0 All Judah and Jerusalem “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “All the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 35 25 sc73 0 to this day This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md).
2CH 35 25 zsf9 0 behold, they Possible meanings: 1) “this is where they are: they” or 2) “they still exist: they.”
2CH 35 25 zsf9 0 behold, they Possible meanings: (1) “this is where they are: they” or (2) “they still exist: they.”
2CH 35 25 qbx9 0 the songs of lament This was an ancient scroll of funeral songs.
2CH 35 26 g6lf figs-activepassive 0 his good deeds done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the good deeds that he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 35 26 r9xn figs-activepassive 0 what is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
6 2CH 1 1 vd1l figs-idiom 0 God was with him Here “was with him” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God supported him” or “God helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7 2CH 1 2 sp3p figs-events 0 General Information: It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
8 2CH 1 2 j3dj 0 spoke to all Israel, to the commanders…heads of the fathers’ house Here “all of Israel” means those people mentioned afterwards. They represent all of Israel. Alternate translation: “spoke to the commanders…heads of the father’s house”
9 2CH 1 2 sb2m translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10 2CH 1 2 g247 0 to every prince in all Israel, the heads of the fathers’ houses Here “the heads of the fathers’ houses” further describe the princes. Alternate translation: “to every prince in all Israel, that is, the heads of the fathers’ houses”
11 2CH 1 2 m8q8 0 to every prince Here “prince” means leaders in general. They are not necessarily the sons of the king. Alternate translation: “to every leader”
12 2CH 1 2 c8jd figs-metaphor 0 the heads of the fathers’ houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part. And “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “the leaders of the families in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162 2CH 4 17 qg5k figs-metonymy 0 The king had cast them The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “The king commanded his workers to cast them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163 2CH 4 17 et7r translate-names 0 Zarethan This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
164 2CH 4 18 wi3y figs-metonymy 0 Solomon made The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers made” or “Solomon had his workers make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165 2CH 4 18 j8nk figs-activepassive 0 the weight of the bronze could not be known This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. Alternate translation: “no one even tried to weigh the bronze” or 2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. Alternate translation: “no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. Alternate translation: “no one even tried to weigh the bronze” or (2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. Alternate translation: “no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
166 2CH 4 19 if8a figs-metonymy 0 Solomon made The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167 2CH 4 19 ey5q 0 all the furnishings This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God.
168 2CH 4 19 qfi9 figs-activepassive 0 the tables on which the bread of the presence was to be placed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the tables on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177 2CH 5 1 j4yx 0 treasuries storerooms, rooms where things are kept or stored
178 2CH 5 2 b6dz 0 assembled the elders of Israel “called together the leaders of Israel”
179 2CH 5 2 kxu7 figs-metaphor 0 all the heads of the tribes Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part of something. Alternate translation: “all the leaders of the tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180 2CH 5 3 cnf6 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or 2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
181 2CH 5 3 dpg6 translate-hebrewmonths 0 at the feast, which was in the seventh month This is the Festival of Shelters which is on the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
182 2CH 5 5 w2lc 0 furnishings This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 4:19](../04/19.md)
183 2CH 5 6 c9b1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the assembly of Israel Here “all” is a generalization meaning very many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
211 2CH 6 6 mnv9 figs-metaphor 0 to be over my people Israel Being “over” people represents ruling them. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212 2CH 6 7 y8bq 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues speaking to the people at the temple.
213 2CH 6 7 k1hc figs-metaphor 0 it was in the heart of David my father Here David’s heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. Alternate translation: “David my father desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214 2CH 6 7 xz4b figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh…for me” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh…for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215 2CH 6 8 q89x figs-metaphor 0 it was in your heart…for it to be in your heart Here David’s heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. Alternate translation: “you desired…to desire to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216 2CH 6 8 rdt9 figs-metonymy 0 for my name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217 2CH 6 8 a4hn 0 In that it was in your heart “Because it was in your heart” or “Because you wanted”
218 2CH 6 9 d23q 0 one who will come from your loins “one who will be your own offspring” or “one whom you yourself will father”
219 2CH 6 10 vx39 figs-idiom 0 has carried out the word that he had said This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has done exactly what he said he would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
220 2CH 6 10 guj3 figs-metaphor 0 I have arisen in the place of David my father Height is a metaphor for power. Alternate translation: “I have gained the power that David my father had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221 2CH 6 10 k9b9 figs-metonymy 0 I sit on the throne of Israel The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “I rule over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
222 2CH 6 10 t3t5 figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
223 2CH 6 11 k9lc figs-metonymy 0 in which is Yahweh’s covenant, which The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “in which are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
224 2CH 6 12 t8dh 0 in the presence of all the assembly of Israel “in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there”
225 2CH 6 12 exs6 translate-symaction 0 spread out his hands “raised his hands.” This was to show that he was praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
241 2CH 6 17 p4ke figs-activepassive 0 let your word be confirmed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “confirm your word” or “make your word come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
242 2CH 6 17 vt96 0 your word “your promise”
243 2CH 6 18 vj82 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying.
244 2CH 6 18 rnm5 figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are 1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or 2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings of this question are (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
245 2CH 6 18 svl5 figs-123person 0 But will God Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person to show his great respect for God. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “But will you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
246 2CH 6 18 h52u 0 Look Here “Look” indicates that he is about to say something important.
247 2CH 6 18 j36j 0 you—how much less can this temple that I have built “you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you”
250 2CH 6 19 lvk6 figs-doublet 0 listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you The words “cry” and “prayer” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “listen to me, your servant, as I call for you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
251 2CH 6 20 eck3 figs-metaphor 0 May your eyes be open toward this temple The eyes being open is a metonym for watching, and here watching represents protecting. “Please watch over this temple” or “Please protect this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 2CH 6 20 h167 figs-merism 0 day and night This is a merism. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
253 2CH 6 20 e2zd figs-metonymy 0 where you promised to put your name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “where you promised to be” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “where you promised to make people know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “where you promised to be” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “where you promised to make people know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
254 2CH 6 20 it7w figs-123person 0 the prayer your servant prays toward this place Solomon refers to himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “the prayer that I, your servant, pray toward this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
255 2CH 6 21 beg5 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying.
256 2CH 6 21 ae79 figs-123person 0 So listen to the requests of your servant and of your people Israel Solomon speaks of himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “So listen to my requests and the requests of your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
264 2CH 6 24 jp9m figs-activepassive 0 When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
265 2CH 6 24 mve8 0 because they have sinned against you “because your people Israel have sinned against you”
266 2CH 6 24 b8g1 figs-metaphor 0 if they turn back to you Here “turn back to you” represents submitting again to God. Alternate translation: “if they submit to you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267 2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
268 2CH 6 24 tl3k figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness before you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
269 2CH 6 25 ejw4 figs-idiom 0 please listen from the heavens To “listen” is an idiom for responding to prayer. Alternate translation: “please honor their prayer” or “please answer their prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
270 2CH 6 25 h3hp figs-explicit 0 bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God’s people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate translation: “bring them back to their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
271 2CH 6 26 px2t figs-metaphor 0 When the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. Alternate translation: “When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272 2CH 6 26 lgb3 0 confess your name Possible meanings are 1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or 2) “praise you” or 3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
273 2CH 6 26 ev9b figs-metaphor 0 turn from their sin Here “turn from” is a metaphor for stopping doing it. Alternate translation: “stop committing their sins” or “stop acting sinfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
274 2CH 6 27 x623 figs-metaphor 0 the good way in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “the good way that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
275 2CH 6 27 g7yz figs-metaphor 0 your land, which you have given to your people as an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance because God wanted them to possess it forever. Alternate translation: “your land, which you have given to your people to own forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
293 2CH 6 34 w49h figs-hypo 0 Suppose that your people go out…suppose that they pray When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
294 2CH 6 34 c3iw translate-symaction 0 they pray to you toward this city…and toward the house Praying toward Jerusalem and the temple shows that they are praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
295 2CH 6 34 p8bb figs-synecdoche 0 the house that I have built Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “this house that your people have built under my leadership” or “this house that I and your people have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
296 2CH 6 34 rfp6 figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
297 2CH 6 35 b6mm figs-doublet 0 to their prayer, their request The abstract nouns “prayer” and “request” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “to what they request when they pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
298 2CH 6 35 y3ze 0 help their cause This refers to helping them fight against their enemies.
299 2CH 6 36 ck1s 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying.
312 2CH 6 38 z79f translate-symaction 0 that they pray toward their land This refers to Israel. Praying toward Israel would show that they were praying to Yahweh, the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “that they pray facing their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
313 2CH 6 38 u463 0 toward the city that you chose This refers to Jerusalem.
314 2CH 6 38 a8hp figs-synecdoche 0 the house that I have built Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the house that your people have built under my leadership” or “the house that I and your people have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
315 2CH 6 38 x5ql figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
316 2CH 6 39 vtx2 figs-doublet 0 to their prayer and to their requests The words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their requests. Alternate translation: “their requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
317 2CH 6 40 sv75 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
318 2CH 6 40 u6kz figs-metonymy 0 let your eyes be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “please pay attention to us” or “please look at us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
320 2CH 6 40 a4re figs-activepassive 0 to the prayer that is made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayer that we make in this place” or “to us as we pray to you in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
321 2CH 6 41 w18l figs-metaphor 0 arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. Alternate translation: “arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322 2CH 6 41 wy6c 0 the ark of your strength “the ark, which is a symbol of your power”
323 2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests…be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Possible meanings are 1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…know that you have saved them” or 2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Possible meanings are (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
324 2CH 6 42 gdj1 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn the face of your anointed away from you Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. Alternate translation: “do not reject your anointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
325 2CH 6 42 y5ew figs-metonymy 0 your anointed “your anointed one.” Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one you anointed” or “me, the one you chose to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
326 2CH 6 42 fdg8 0 Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant The phrase “your acts” can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty”
329 2CH 7 1 ffl2 0 the house “Yahweh’s house” or “the temple”
330 2CH 7 3 xie8 translate-symaction 0 they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement This is a position of humility and worship. Alternate translation: “they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
331 2CH 7 3 ti2r figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant loyalty endures forever The abstract noun “covenant loyalty” can be expressed with the adjective “loyal” and the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant” or “God will always faithfully do for us what he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
332 2CH 7 4 b3k1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This generalization refers either 1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or 2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This generalization refers either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
333 2CH 7 5 sd7i translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand oxen “22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
334 2CH 7 5 lkm9 translate-numbers 0 120,000 sheep and goats “one hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
335 2CH 7 6 f3sl 0 each standing where they serve “each standing in their appointed place”
356 2CH 7 13 w4j7 figs-metonymy 0 devour the land The word “land” represents the plants and crops on the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357 2CH 7 13 tes9 figs-metaphor 0 if I send disease among my people Here “send disease” represents causing diseases. Alternate translation: “if I cause my people to have diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
358 2CH 7 14 pn2i figs-idiom 0 who are called by my name Here being called by God’s name is an idiom meaning belonging to God. Alternate translation: “who belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
359 2CH 7 14 td32 figs-metaphor 0 seek my face Here God’s face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are “seek my face” represents 1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “beg me to forgive them” or 2) strongly wanting to please him. Alternate translation: “choose to please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here God’s face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are “seek my face” represents (1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “beg me to forgive them” or (2) strongly wanting to please him. Alternate translation: “choose to please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
360 2CH 7 14 gf7j figs-metaphor 0 turn from their wicked ways Here “turn from” is a metaphor meaning to stop doing something, and “ways” represent behavior. Alternate translation: “stop their wicked behavior” or “stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361 2CH 7 14 l61k figs-personification 0 heal their land Here land that does not produce much is spoken of as though it were sick. Alternate translation: “make their land good again” or “make their land produce good crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
362 2CH 7 15 hg3e figs-metonymy 0 my eyes will be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to you” or “I will watch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
363 2CH 7 15 u7pi figs-metonymy 0 my ears attentive to the prayers The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. Alternate translation: “I will listen to the prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
364 2CH 7 15 x4yj figs-activepassive 0 the prayers that are made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayers that you make in this place” or “to you as you pray to me in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
365 2CH 7 16 q51b figs-metonymy 0 that my name may be there forever Possible meanings are 1) God’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I may be there forever” or 2) God’s name represents Yahweh’s reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. Alternate translation: “for people to worship me there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) God’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I may be there forever” or (2) God’s name represents Yahweh’s reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. Alternate translation: “for people to worship me there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
366 2CH 7 16 ni43 figs-metonymy 0 My eyes and my heart will be there every day Here “My eyes” represents God’s careful attention, and “my heart” represents his love. These being at his temple implies that he will protect his temple. Alternate translation: “I will watch and protect it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
367 2CH 7 17 whk5 0 As for you Here “you” refers to King Solomon.
368 2CH 7 17 bqf8 figs-metaphor 0 if you walk before me as David your father walked Here walking is a metaphor for living. Walking before God represents living in obedience to him. Alternate translation: “If you obey me as David your father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
371 2CH 7 18 w8ci figs-metonymy 0 I will establish the throne of your kingdom Here the throne represents ruling. Establishing the throne of Solomon’s kingdom represents causing Solomon to have descendants who will rule over Israel. Alternate translation: “I will make descendants of yours rule over your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
372 2CH 7 18 bvj8 0 A descendant of yours will never fail to be ruler in Israel This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “One of your descendants will always be ruler in Israel” or “Descendants of yours will always rule in Israel”
373 2CH 7 19 yuu1 figs-metaphor 0 But if you turn away Here “turn away” from God is a metaphor meaning to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “But if you stop worshiping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
374 2CH 7 19 rw4f 0 you turn away Possible meanings are that the word “you” refers 1) to all the people of Israel, or 2) to Solomon and his descendants. Possible meanings are that the word “you” refers (1) to all the people of Israel, or (2) to Solomon and his descendants.
375 2CH 7 19 s9wz figs-doublet 0 my statutes and my commandments Here the words “commandments” and “statutes” mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
376 2CH 7 20 z12c figs-metaphor 0 I will uproot them from out of my ground that I have given them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. God speaks of making his people leave his land as if they were plants that he would pull up by their roots out of the soil. Alternate translation: “I will make them leave the land I have given them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377 2CH 7 20 l3hd 0 This house This refers to the temple.
378 2CH 7 20 dh8i figs-metonymy 0 that I have set apart for my name Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for myself” or 2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for myself” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
379 2CH 7 20 wl1d figs-metaphor 0 I will cast away from before me God speaks of rejecting his temple as if he were to throw it far away from himself. Alternate translation: “I will reject it” or “I will ignore it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
380 2CH 7 20 fx4h 0 I will make it a proverb and a joke among all the peoples “I will cause all the peoples to make proverbs and jokes about it” or “because of what I do to it, all the nations will mock and ridicule it”
381 2CH 7 21 d147 0 will be shocked “will be amazed”
431 2CH 9 2 jyn4 figs-doublenegatives 0 there was no question that he did not answer This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he answered every question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
432 2CH 9 3 cq4h figs-metaphor 0 When the queen of Sheba saw Solomon’s wisdom and the palace that he had built Here “saw Solomon’s wisdom” represents realizing that Solomon was very wise. Alternate translation: “When the queen of Sheba realized how wise Solomon was, and when she saw the palace that he had built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
433 2CH 9 3 yc1c figs-metonymy 0 the palace that he had built The author writes about Solomon having his workers build his palace as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the palace that Solomon had his workers build” or “the palace that he had commanded his workers to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
434 2CH 9 4 ip9a 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are 1) where his servants lived or 2) how his servants sat around the table. Possible meanings are (1) where his servants lived or (2) how his servants sat around the table.
435 2CH 9 4 ahf3 0 his cupbearers “his wine servers.” These were servants who tasted the king’s wine to make sure that there was no poison in it. If it was safe to drink the wine, they would give it to the king.
436 2CH 9 4 q52q figs-idiom 0 there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she was completely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
437 2CH 9 5 b6j2 0 I heard in my own land “I heard while I was in my own land”
444 2CH 9 8 dtb1 figs-distinguish 0 who has taken pleasure in you, who placed you on his throne These phrases tell why people should praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because he has taken pleasure in you and placed you on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
445 2CH 9 8 qdj4 0 who has taken pleasure in you “who is pleased with you”
446 2CH 9 8 r6ma figs-metonymy 0 who placed you on his throne, to be king for Yahweh your God The idea of being on Yahweh’s throne represents having the authority to rule as Yahweh does. Being king “for Yahweh” means to represent Yahweh as king. Alternate translation: “who gave you authority to rule as he does, to represent Yahweh your God as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
447 2CH 9 8 szp3 figs-metaphor 0 in order to establish them forever Possible meanings are 1) “establish” represents helping them in general. Alternate translation: “in order to help them forever” or 2) “establish” represents making them strong as a nation. Alternate translation: “in order to make them a nation forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “establish” represents helping them in general. Alternate translation: “in order to help them forever” or (2) “establish” represents making them strong as a nation. Alternate translation: “in order to make them a nation forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
448 2CH 9 8 h1p5 figs-abstractnouns 0 for you to do justice and righteousness The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be expressed with the words “fairly” and “righteously.” Alternate translation: “for you to rule fairly and righteously” or “for you to do what is just and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
449 2CH 9 9 ur2t translate-numbers 0 120 talents “one hundred and twenty talents.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “about four thousand kilograms of gold” or “about four metric tons of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
450 2CH 9 9 de8v figs-activepassive 0 No greater amount of spices…was ever given to him again The verb “was ever given” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one ever gave more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
453 2CH 9 10 nmk6 0 algum wood Algum is a kind of tree that grows in Lebanon. King Hiram sent this kind of wood to Solomon. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 2:8](../02/08.md).
454 2CH 9 11 qy68 figs-metonymy 0 the king made steps…well as harps and lyres The author speaks of the king having his workers make these things as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “the king had his workers make the steps…as well as harps and lyres” or “the king’s workers made steps…well as harps and lyres” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
455 2CH 9 11 ej8x figs-activepassive 0 No wood like this had been seen before in the land of Judah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had seen wood like this before in the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
456 2CH 9 13 ps2f 0 in one year Possible meanings are 1) this refers to each year or 2) this refers to a particular year. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to each year or (2) this refers to a particular year.
457 2CH 9 13 mi29 translate-bweight 0 666 talents of gold A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “about twenty-two thousand kilograms of gold” or “about twenty-two metric tons of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
458 2CH 9 15 r2xr figs-metonymy 0 King Solomon made The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers make” or “King Solomon’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
459 2CH 9 15 llx6 translate-numbers 0 two hundred large shields “200 large shields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
460 2CH 9 15 z24b 0 beaten gold “gold that people had beaten into thin sheets”
461 2CH 9 15 f7gd 0 Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold” or 2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold” Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold”
462 2CH 9 15 v611 translate-bweight 0 Six hundred shekels of gold A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “Six and one half kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
463 2CH 9 15 dws6 0 Six hundred shekels The word “shekels” does not appear here in the Hebrew text. Some modern versions assume instead the unit called bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms.
464 2CH 9 16 i3gs figs-metonymy 0 He also made The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers also make” or “His workers also made”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
465 2CH 9 16 zsv3 translate-numbers 0 three hundred shields “300 shields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
466 2CH 9 16 ke2c 0 Three minas of gold went into each shield Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are 1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with three minas of gold” or 2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of three minas of gold” Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with three minas of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of three minas of gold”
467 2CH 9 16 m5ie translate-bweight 0 Three minas of gold A mina is about 600 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “One and three-quarters kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
468 2CH 9 16 xhy9 figs-metonymy 0 the king put them The author writes about Solomon having his workers put the shields in the palace as if he himself had put them there. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers put them” or “King Solomon’s workers put them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
469 2CH 9 16 d7ui translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
470 2CH 9 17 b488 figs-metonymy 0 the king made a great throne The author speaks of commanding his workers to build the throne as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the king had his workers make a great throne” or “the king’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
471 2CH 9 17 j15s 0 a great throne of ivory “a great throne decorated with ivory”
472 2CH 9 17 lgr9 translate-unknown 0 ivory Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
473 2CH 9 18 v6bc figs-explicit 0 two lions These were statues. Alternate translation: “two statues of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
474 2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). Possible meanings are 1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or 2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). Possible meanings are (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
475 2CH 9 20 i115 figs-activepassive 0 silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
476 2CH 9 20 d78i figs-explicit 0 in Solomon’s days Here “Solomon’s days” refers to the time when Solomon ruled. Alternate translation: “when Solomon ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
477 2CH 9 21 y4vx 0 a fleet of oceangoing ships “a group of ships that travel on the ocean”
511 2CH 10 10 g33p figs-metaphor 0 My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. Alternate translation: “I rule much more harshly than my father ever did” or “I am much harsher than my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
512 2CH 10 11 rf83 figs-metaphor 0 A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. This metaphor is continued in this verses. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:4](../10/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
513 2CH 10 11 kml8 figs-metaphor 0 I will add to your yoke “I will make your yoke heavier.” A yoke is a metaphor for labor. Alternate translation: “I will force you to work harder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514 2CH 10 11 m9mf figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that 1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or 2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
515 2CH 10 12 i85z translate-ordinal 0 on the third day “after three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
516 2CH 10 14 amx4 figs-metaphor 0 made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. Alternate translation: “treated you cruelly, but I will be more cruel” or “forced you to work very hard, but I will make you work harder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517 2CH 10 14 c4q1 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that 1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or 2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
518 2CH 10 15 h2dv figs-metonymy 0 So the king did not listen to the people Here “listen to the people” represents not care about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. Alternate translation: “So the king did not do what the people had asked him to do” or “So the king ignored the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
519 2CH 10 15 a44u figs-idiom 0 it was a turn in events brought about by God This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God caused things to happen like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
520 2CH 10 15 w5m2 0 that Yahweh might carry out his word…Nebat “that Yahweh might do according to the message that he told Ahijah the Shilonite to tell Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “that Yahweh might do what he had said he would do when he told Ahijah the Shilonite to give a message to Jeroboam son of Nebat”
548 2CH 11 11 x59w figs-explicit 0 He fortified the fortresses Here the word “fortresses” refers to fortified cities. That Rehoboam “fortified the fortresses” means that he built up and strengthened the defenses of these fortified cities. Alternate translation: “He strengthened the defenses of the fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
549 2CH 11 12 d49t 0 made them very strong “made the cities very strong”
550 2CH 11 12 e62q 0 Judah and Benjamin belonged to him Rehoboam was in control of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.
551 2CH 11 13 fza2 0 The priests and the Levites…went over to him from within their borders Possible meanings are 1) “The priests and Levites…supported Rehoboam from within their borders” or 2) “The priests and Levites…traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam.” Possible meanings are (1) “The priests and Levites…supported Rehoboam from within their borders” or (2) “The priests and Levites…traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam.”
552 2CH 11 14 dm8b 0 pasturelands lands used for animals
553 2CH 11 14 x37j figs-idiom 0 Jeroboam and his sons had driven them away To “drive away” is an idiom that means to forcefully cause someone to leave. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his sons had forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
554 2CH 11 15 duw5 figs-metonymy 0 the goat and calf idols he had made It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Jeroboam make these idols. Alternate translation: “the goat idols and calf idols that he had his craftsmen make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
582 2CH 12 5 nb5s figs-metonymy 0 so I have also given you over into Shishak’s hand Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh speaks of enabling Shishak’s army to defeat the king and the others in Jerusalem as if he were placing them into Shishak’s hand. Alternate translation: “so I have enabled Shishak to defeat you” or “so I have given you to Shishak as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
583 2CH 12 7 gf96 0 they had humbled themselves “the princes of Israel and the king had humbled themselves”
584 2CH 12 7 ltq3 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came…saying This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message…and he said” or “Yahweh spoke these words…and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
585 2CH 12 7 h5pb 0 I will rescue them to some extent Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or 2) the words “to some extent” can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or (2) the words “to some extent” can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city.
586 2CH 12 7 ixx1 figs-metaphor 0 my anger will not pour out on Jerusalem Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a liquid, and of expressing his anger as if he were to pour out that liquid. Alternate translation: “I will not express my anger against Jerusalem” or “Jerusalem will not suffer the effects of my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
587 2CH 12 7 t19p figs-synecdoche 0 by means of Shishak’s hand Here the word “hand” represents Shishak himself. Alternate translation: “by means of Shishak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
588 2CH 12 9 n442 figs-metonymy 0 Shishak, king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem “Shishak, king of Egypt” here is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](../12/02.md). Alternate translation: “Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
598 2CH 12 12 mqq3 figs-personification 0 Yahweh’s anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely Yahweh no longer being angry with Rehoboam is spoken of as if Yahweh’s anger were a person who turned away from Rehoboam. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was no longer angry with him and so did not destroy him completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
599 2CH 12 12 xw5h 0 besides, there was “in addition, there was”
600 2CH 12 13 i7a2 translate-numbers 0 forty-one years old…seventeen years “41 years old…17 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
601 2CH 12 13 q8fn figs-metonymy 0 so that he might put his name there Possible meanings for the phrase “put his name” are 1) a metonym for “dwell.” Alternate translation: “so that he might dwell there” or 2) an idiom that refers to ownership. Alternate translation: “so that it might belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings for the phrase “put his name” are (1) a metonym for “dwell.” Alternate translation: “so that he might dwell there” or (2) an idiom that refers to ownership. Alternate translation: “so that it might belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
602 2CH 12 13 iri3 translate-names 0 Naamah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
603 2CH 12 14 pr1e figs-metonymy 0 he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom “fix his heart” means to determine to do something. Alternate translation: “he was not committed to seeking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
604 2CH 12 14 uty9 figs-metaphor 0 to seek Yahweh Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
677 2CH 14 11 kg3d figs-metonymy 0 in your name Here “name” represents Yahweh’s authority. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” or “by your authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
678 2CH 14 11 i4yk figs-explicit 0 do not let man defeat you Since the army of Judah is fighting in Yahweh’s name, Asa speaks of Zerah defeating Judah as if Zerah were to defeat Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “do not let man defeat your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
679 2CH 14 12 cak6 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh struck the Cushites before Asa and Judah God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites is spoken of as if God struck the Cushites. Alternate translation: “God enabled Asa and the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
680 2CH 14 13 gq8v 0 So many Cushites fell that they could not recover Possible meanings are 1) “So many Cushites died that the army could not recover” or 2) “So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive.” Possible meanings are (1) “So many Cushites died that the army could not recover” or (2) “So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive.”
681 2CH 14 13 j42c figs-euphemism 0 So many Cushites fell Here to “fall” is a euphemism for dying in battle. Alternate translation: “So many Cushites died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
682 2CH 14 13 y95c figs-activepassive 0 for they were completely destroyed before Yahweh and his army This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
683 2CH 14 14 a7vh figs-metaphor 0 for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are 1) “terror of Yahweh” refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified” or 2) “terror of Yahweh” refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are (1) “terror of Yahweh” refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified” or (2) “terror of Yahweh” refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
684 2CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The section about King Asa continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Promise<br>The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The phrase “seek Yahweh” means “wanting to believe and obey Yahweh.” This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
685 2CH 15 1 a8dj figs-idiom 0 The Spirit of God came on Azariah This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Azariah and enabled him to prophesy. Alternate translation: “The Spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
686 2CH 15 1 jvp5 translate-names 0 Oded This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
706 2CH 15 11 cb7r translate-numbers 0 seven hundred…seven thousand “700…7,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
707 2CH 15 12 aq2r figs-idiom 0 with all their heart and with all their soul Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all their beings” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
708 2CH 15 13 yp2f figs-activepassive 0 be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
709 2CH 15 13 cg98 figs-metaphor 0 whether the person was small or great Possible meanings are 1) a person’s importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was important or not” or 2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was young or old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) a person’s importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was important or not” or (2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was young or old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
710 2CH 15 15 hjl3 figs-hyperbole 0 All Judah rejoiced Here the word “all” is a generalization. The phrase means that people from all over Judah rejoiced. Alternate translation: “People all over Judah rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
711 2CH 15 15 gs5l figs-idiom 0 with all their heart The idiom “with all their heart” means “with complete devotion.” Alternate translation: “with complete devotion” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
712 2CH 15 15 sc7r figs-activepassive 0 he was found by them This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “they found him” or “he permitted them to find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
779 2CH 17 11 i95m translate-numbers 0 7,700 rams, and 7,700 goats The number can also be written as seven thousand seven hundred. This is a description of the flocks that the Arabians brought Jehoshaphat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
780 2CH 17 12 htg5 figs-metonymy 0 He built fortresses and store cities Jehoshaphat did not build these things himself, rather he commanded his workers to build them. Alternate translation: “His workers built fortresses and store cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
781 2CH 17 14 lw9k figs-activepassive 0 These were their divisions listed by the name of their fathers’ houses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The divisions by the name of their fathers’ houses were as follows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
782 2CH 17 14 trd6 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands The phrase “commander of thousands” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “thousands” represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of thousands” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousands” represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
783 2CH 17 14 rvd4 translate-names 0 Adnah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
784 2CH 17 14 pb9d translate-numbers 0 300000 “three hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
785 2CH 17 15 h2g8 translate-names 0 Jehohanan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
843 2CH 18 31 sww1 0 That is the king of Israel Jehoshaphat was wrongly identified as the king of Israel because Ahab had insisted that he wear kingly robes.
844 2CH 18 31 c71a 0 God turned them away from him “God caused them to stop pursuing him”
845 2CH 18 31 w122 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
846 2CH 18 33 xs83 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are 1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or 2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. Possible meanings are (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind.
847 2CH 18 33 ggx8 0 between the joints of his armor This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords.
848 2CH 18 34 qv2q figs-activepassive 0 the king of Israel was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone held the king of Israel up in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
849 2CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levite judges<br>Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
863 2CH 19 5 x63t 0 fortified cities cities with walls around them for protection
864 2CH 19 5 z8j6 0 city by city “for every city”
865 2CH 19 6 gxr5 0 He said to the judges “Jehoshaphat said to the judges”
866 2CH 19 6 fys3 figs-idiom 0 he is with you Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or 2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or 3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or (2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or (3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
867 2CH 19 7 zrc9 0 let the fear of Yahweh be upon you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge”
868 2CH 19 7 k52c figs-abstractnouns 0 there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking The abstract nouns “iniquity,” “favoritism,” and “bribe” can be translated using the verbs “sin,” “favor,” and “bribe.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
869 2CH 19 8 mdr1 figs-metaphor 0 heads of the ancestral houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part, and “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “leaders of the ancient families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
995 2CH 21 14 g535 0 see This tells Jehoram to pay attention to the message that follows.
996 2CH 21 14 j454 0 strike with a great plague “cause a great plague to happen to”
997 2CH 21 15 q6nu figs-rpronouns 0 You yourself The use of the reflexive “yourself” emphasizes that this is a personal judgment on Jehoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
998 2CH 21 15 gg3z figs-metaphor 0 until your intestines fall out because of the sickness Possible meanings are 1) his intestines will literally fall out or 2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: “until this disease causes your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) his intestines will literally fall out or (2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: “until this disease causes your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
999 2CH 21 16 fzg5 figs-metonymy 0 stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Here “spirit” is singular and refers to the Philistines as a group and to the Arabians as a group. Alternate translation: “provoked against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1000 2CH 21 16 f277 figs-synecdoche 0 against Jehoram Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. Alternate translation: “against Jehoram and the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1001 2CH 21 16 uu9q figs-explicit 0 the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1028 2CH 22 7 fsr1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1029 2CH 22 8 nil2 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1030 2CH 22 8 f4j8 0 carrying out God’s judgment on the house of Ahab This refers to killing the descendants of Ahab. Alternate translation: “killing all the descendants of Ahab as God had commanded”
1031 2CH 22 8 y16a 0 the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers Possible meanings are 1) Ahaziah’s nephews or 2) the sons of Ahaziah’s relatives . Possible meanings are (1) Ahaziah’s nephews or (2) the sons of Ahaziah’s relatives .
1032 2CH 22 9 w5uj 0 they caught him…killed him “they caught Ahaziah…killed Ahaziah”
1033 2CH 22 9 pvb7 figs-explicit 0 they buried him, for they said, “He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought Yahweh with all his heart.” They honored him enough to bury his body because he was the descendant of Jehoshaphat, who was a good king. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: they buried his corpse, because they said, “He deserves to be buried, because he was a descendant of Jehoshaphat, who tried hard to please Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1034 2CH 22 9 kaw8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahaziah had no more power to rule the kingdom Here “house of Ahaziah” is a metonym that refers to Ahaziah’s descendants. Here “power to rule” is a metonym for a king. Since all the adult descendants of Ahaziah were dead, there was no one left to rule Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1044 2CH 23 1 sr8q figs-explicit 0 General Information: Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as “the king.” It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add “King Joash” or “Joash the king” to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1045 2CH 23 1 j4s2 translate-names 0 Jehoiada the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1046 2CH 23 1 s3ap 0 showed his strength He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah’s rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. Alternate translation: “decided to act”
1047 2CH 23 1 qa9v translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1048 2CH 23 1 nsc1 0 entered into a covenant “made an agreement”
1049 2CH 23 1 hg6w translate-names 0 Azariah…Ishmael…Azariah…Maaseiah…Elishaphat These five men were the commanders of hundreds of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1050 2CH 23 1 h188 translate-names 0 Jeroham…Jehohanan…Obed…Adaiah…Zichri These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1060 2CH 23 7 h1ia 0 The Levites must surround the king on all sides “The Levites must surround the king on all sides in order to protect him”
1061 2CH 23 7 qr4l 0 all sides, every man with his weapons in his hand “all sides, and every temple guard should have his weapons and be ready to fight”
1062 2CH 23 7 zl56 figs-explicit 0 Whoever comes into the house, let him be killed This did not include the temple guards and the priests. This can be stated explicitly and in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone except the temple guards and the priests who come into the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1063 2CH 23 7 w2bd figs-idiom 0 when he comes in and when he goes out Possible meanings are 1) “at all times” or 2) “wherever he goes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) “at all times” or (2) “wherever he goes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1064 2CH 23 8 xqu4 figs-hyperbole 0 all Judah This is a generalization to refer to all the people of Judah who were present in the courtyard that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1065 2CH 23 8 m6jh 0 served in every way in the manner in which Jehoiada the priest commanded “did exactly what Jehoiada the priest commanded” or “obeyed everything that Jehoiada the priest commanded”
1066 2CH 23 8 u5l3 0 Each one took his men…any of their divisions The priests and guards served in divisions, with each group working for two weeks. This refers to the point in time when two divisions were present—the one ending their service and the one starting their service. Thus there were twice as many men as usual.
1078 2CH 23 13 r48v translate-symaction 0 Athaliah tore her clothes This was a symbolic action to show her great distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1079 2CH 23 13 ut9m 0 Treason! Treason! Treason is acting to overthrow the government. Athaliah had killed the legitimate heirs of the king and made herself ruler in [2 Chronicles 22:10](../22/10.md). She was angry that Joash became king in her place. The exclamation is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are committing treason!”
1080 2CH 23 14 v54k translate-names 0 Jehoiada Translate this man’s name as in [2 Chronicles 22:11](../22/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1081 2CH 23 14 ec86 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1082 2CH 23 14 m46m 0 who were over the army “who were leaders in the army”
1083 2CH 23 14 vug9 0 Bring her out between the ranks Possible meanings are 1) “Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard” or 2) “Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard” Possible meanings are (1) “Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard” or (2) “Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard”
1084 2CH 23 14 s2az figs-activepassive 0 anyone who follows her, let him be killed with the sword This can be stated in active form. It is implied that people who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Use your sword to kill anyone who comes to help her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1085 2CH 23 14 l9pu 0 For the priest had said “For Jehoiada the priest had said”
1086 2CH 23 15 fpq7 0 as she went into the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king’s house Some versions have “and took her to the Horse Gate near the entrance of the kings’ house”
1091 2CH 23 18 sb5q figs-metonymy 0 under the hand of the priests Here “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “under the direction of the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1092 2CH 23 19 zr6t figs-metaphor 0 so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “so that no one that was unacceptable to God in any way should enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1093 2CH 23 19 n7gl figs-doublenegatives 0 so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “to make sure that only those who are clean could enter” or “to make sure only those who are acceptable to God could enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1094 2CH 23 20 kvk5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1095 2CH 23 20 a2v6 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land This is a generalization that means he took very many people with him. Alternate translation: “a very large group of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1096 2CH 23 20 zax5 0 He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh The temple was built on the highest hill in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “He brought the king down from the temple to the palace”
1097 2CH 23 20 tc95 0 the throne of the kingdom “the royal throne”
1162 2CH 25 5 n6hs figs-metonymy 0 gathered Judah together Here “Judah” refers to the people who lived in Judah. Alternate translation: “gathered the people of Judah together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163 2CH 25 5 uf4a 0 registered them…numbered them He had someone write their names on an official list.
1164 2CH 25 5 c5qe figs-metonymy 0 by their ancestors’ houses Here the word “houses” is a metonym for the families that lived in them. Alternate translation: “by their ancestors’ families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1165 2CH 25 5 yu4d translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers” or 2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1166 2CH 25 5 y5vt figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah and Benjamin Here “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people who lived in the wider kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah and Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1167 2CH 25 5 l7tc figs-metaphor 0 twenty years old and upward Here numbers that were larger than twenty are spoken of as if they were higher. Alternate translation: “20 years old and older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1168 2CH 25 5 cp1c 0 found them to be “learned that there were”
1348 2CH 28 23 dud5 figs-abstractnouns 0 they were the ruin of him and of all Israel The word “ruin” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “those gods ruined him and all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1349 2CH 28 23 s5rh 0 all Israel Here “Israel” represents the southern kingdom of Judah.
1350 2CH 28 24 aq8i figs-metonymy 0 the house of God…the house of Yahweh Here the word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple of God…the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1351 2CH 28 24 r4zt figs-metaphor 0 in every corner of Jerusalem Possible meanings are 1) the word “corner” refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. Alternate translation: “on every street corner in Jerusalem” or 2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. Alternate translation: “in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “corner” refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. Alternate translation: “on every street corner in Jerusalem” or (2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. Alternate translation: “in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1352 2CH 28 24 a6t1 figs-metonymy 0 he made for himself altars Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. Alternate translation: “he had his workers make altars for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1353 2CH 28 25 hu6h figs-metonymy 0 he made high places to burn sacrifices Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. Alternate translation: “he had his workers make high places to burn sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1354 2CH 28 26 q9h8 figs-metaphor 0 all his ways, first and last Ahaz’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. The phrase “first and last” refers to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “all that he did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1377 2CH 29 9 s1cz figs-idiom 0 our fathers have fallen by the sword The idiom “fallen by the sword” means to die in battle. The word “sword” represents the soldiers, who used swords as their primary weapons. Alternate translation: “our fathers have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1378 2CH 29 10 kk25 figs-metonymy 0 it is in my heart Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and intentions. Hezekiah speaks of deciding to do something as if that thing were in his heart. Alternate translation: “it is my intention” or “I have decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1379 2CH 29 10 n8z4 figs-metaphor 0 his fierce anger may turn away from us Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with them as if Yahweh’s anger were a person who turns away from them Alternate translation: “he may no longer be angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1380 2CH 29 11 h7hq figs-idiom 0 to stand before him Possible meanings are 1) “to stand in his presence” or 2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. Alternate translation: “to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) “to stand in his presence” or (2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. Alternate translation: “to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1381 2CH 29 12 qf5d translate-names 0 General Information: These verses list the names of the Levites who began to do the work that Hezekiah had ordered them to do. These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1382 2CH 29 12 rbc2 figs-idiom 0 the Levites arose Here the word “arose” is an idiom that means that the Levites began to act. Alternate translation: “the Levites began to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1383 2CH 29 15 mj7w 0 following the words of Yahweh This phrase shows that the king gave his command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in obedience to the word of Yahweh” or “because of what Yahweh had said”
1466 2CH 30 21 wlu2 0 singing with loud instruments to Yahweh “singing and playing loud musical instruments to Yahweh”
1467 2CH 30 22 i564 figs-distinguish 0 who understood the service of Yahweh This was the reason that he spoke encouragingly to them. Alternate translation: “because they understood the service of Yahweh” or “because they served Yahweh skillfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1468 2CH 30 22 d2rq 0 So they ate throughout the festival The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
1469 2CH 30 22 qnw4 0 making confession to Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “confession” here refers to saying that God is great. Alternate translation: “praising Yahweh” or 2) “confession” here refers to admitting their sins. Alternate translation: “confessing their sins to Yahweh” Possible meanings are (1) “confession” here refers to saying that God is great. Alternate translation: “praising Yahweh” or (2) “confession” here refers to admitting their sins. Alternate translation: “confessing their sins to Yahweh”
1470 2CH 30 24 y3lu 0 Hezekiah…gave the assembly…bulls and…sheep as an offering Hezekiah gave the animals to the people as an offering to the Lord for the people to eat.
1471 2CH 30 24 ez4q translate-numbers 0 one thousand bulls…seven thousand sheep…one thousand bulls…ten thousand sheep and goats “1,000 bulls…7,000 sheep…1,000 bulls…10,000 sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1472 2CH 30 25 wa91 0 All the assembly of Judah Here “Judah” probably refers to the southern tribes of Israel.
1523 2CH 32 2 yg5w figs-metonymy 0 to fight against Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people there. Alternate translation: “to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “to fight against the army of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1524 2CH 32 3 hu1g 0 to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways.
1525 2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1526 2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Possible meanings for “kings” are 1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or 2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings for “kings” are (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1527 2CH 32 5 axu1 figs-synecdoche 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up…He built…He also…he made The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up…They built…They also…they made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1528 2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up Possible meanings are 1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or 2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) Possible meanings are (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1529 2CH 32 5 k73i 0 the Millo This is a part of the wall on the north side of Jerusalem.
1530 2CH 32 6 hs5z figs-idiom 0 He placed military commanders over the people The idiom “place over” means to put in charge of. “He put military commanders in charge of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1531 2CH 32 7 u7m5 0 for someone is with us who is greater than those with him “for our God is with us and is more powerful than those with the king of Assyria”
1667 2CH 34 21 e2m2 figs-activepassive 0 all that was written in it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all that is written in it” or “all that is in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1668 2CH 34 22 p3p5 translate-names 0 Huldah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1669 2CH 34 22 ak1d translate-names 0 Shallum…Tokhath…Hasrah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1670 2CH 34 22 vd7l 0 keeper of the wardrobe This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are 1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or 2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing. This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
1671 2CH 34 22 yp5b translate-ordinal 0 the Second District This was a cerain part of Jerusalem. It may have been a newer part. Alternate translation: “The Second Part” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1672 2CH 34 22 f1d3 0 they spoke with her in this way “they had the following conversation with her”
1673 2CH 34 23 k4fz 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah.
1761 2CH 35 22 csu6 translate-names 0 the Valley of Megiddo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1762 2CH 35 24 lf7i figs-metonymy 0 All Judah and Jerusalem “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “All the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1763 2CH 35 25 sc73 0 to this day This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md).
1764 2CH 35 25 zsf9 0 behold, they Possible meanings: 1) “this is where they are: they” or 2) “they still exist: they.” Possible meanings: (1) “this is where they are: they” or (2) “they still exist: they.”
1765 2CH 35 25 qbx9 0 the songs of lament This was an ancient scroll of funeral songs.
1766 2CH 35 26 g6lf figs-activepassive 0 his good deeds done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the good deeds that he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1767 2CH 35 26 r9xn figs-activepassive 0 what is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

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en_tn_15-EZR.tsv
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@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ EZR 4 1 uie3 figs-activepassive בְנֵ֤י הַ⁠גּוֹלָה֙ 1 the sons
EZR 4 2 spx4 translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל 1 Zerubbabel This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 4 2 yx1s translate-names אֵסַ֤ר חַדֹּן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר 1 Esarhaddon, king of Assyria He ruled in Assyria before Cyrus ruled in Persia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 4 3 xp3f וְ⁠יֵשׁ֗וּעַ 1 Jeshua This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:6](../02/06.md).
EZR 4 3 isv8 לֹֽא־לָ֣⁠כֶם וָ⁠לָ֔⁠נוּ לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 You may not build a house for our God with us Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work.
EZR 4 3 isv8 לֹֽא־לָ֣⁠כֶם וָ⁠לָ֔⁠נוּ לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 You may not build a house for our God with us Possible meanings are (1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or (2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work.
EZR 4 4 d9da עַם־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 the people of the land “the people who were living in the land at that time,” which could include non-Jews and Jews whose families the Babylonians had not taken into exile
EZR 4 4 n1m9 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִי֙…מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 made the hands of the people of Judah weak This speaks of the people of the land discouraging the Judeans as if they made their hands physically weak. Alternate translation: “discouraged the Judeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 4 4 aq32 עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 the people of Judah people who returned from Babylon and settled in the land of Judah
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ EZR 4 12 fu8s figs-metonymy קִרְיְתָ֨⁠א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤⁠א
EZR 4 12 jr26 וְ⁠אֻשַּׁיָּ֖⁠א יַחִֽיטוּ 1 repairing the foundations “fixed the foundations” or “mended the foundations”
EZR 4 13 wj57 figs-activepassive הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠שׁוּרַיָּ֖⁠ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן 1 if this city is built and the wall is completed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “if they build the city and complete the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 4 13 pgs2 וְ⁠אַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק 1 the treasury of the king will suffer loss The word “harm” refers to the Judeans no longer giving money to the kings.
EZR 4 14 m7yw figs-metonymy מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָ⁠א֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא 1 we have eaten the salt of the palace Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the writers being loyal to the king or 2) the king giving the writers special honors. Alternate translation: “we are loyal to you” or “you have honored us by making us your officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 4 14 m7yw figs-metonymy מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָ⁠א֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא 1 we have eaten the salt of the palace Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the writers being loyal to the king or (2) the king giving the writers special honors. Alternate translation: “we are loyal to you” or “you have honored us by making us your officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 4 15 sa9b figs-metonymy קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א 1 a rebellious city The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “a city in which live people who have rebelled against your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 4 15 au5i figs-activepassive קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת 1 this city was destroyed This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who destroyed the city. The “city” represents the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians destroyed the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 4 16 cr21 figs-activepassive הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠שׁוּרַיָּ֖⁠ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן 1 if this city is rebuilt and its walls are completed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated these words in [Ezra 4:13](../04/13.md). Alternate translation: “if they build the city and wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ EZR 5 8 sp27 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that
EZR 5 8 nmq2 וְ⁠אָ֖ע 1 timbers wood for building
EZR 5 9 uee9 מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְ⁠כֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם 1 Who issued you a command “Who gave you permission”
EZR 5 11 f9fm 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues.
EZR 5 11 m5y2 אֲנַ֣חְנָא הִמּ֡וֹ עַבְדוֹ⁠הִי֩ דִֽי־אֱלָ֨הּ 1 We are servants of the God Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices.
EZR 5 11 m5y2 אֲנַ֣חְנָא הִמּ֡וֹ עַבְדוֹ⁠הִי֩ דִֽי־אֱלָ֨הּ 1 We are servants of the God Possible meaning are (1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or (2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices.
EZR 5 11 a1ui figs-activepassive דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨א בְנֵ֜ה מִ⁠קַּדְמַ֤ת דְּנָה֙ שְׁנִ֣ין שַׂגִּיאָ֔ן וּ⁠מֶ֤לֶךְ לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רַ֔ב בְּנָ֖⁠הִי וְ⁠שַׁכְלְלֵֽ⁠הּ 1 that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and completed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the great king of Israel had built and supplied all the equipment for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 5 11 y9hr וְ⁠שַׁכְלְלֵֽ⁠הּ 1 completed “supplied all the equipment for it”
EZR 5 12 un5r 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Ezra 5:11](../05/11.md).
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ EZR 6 3 i2dk 0 General Information: This begins the record of King Cyrus’s c
EZR 6 3 ev3b figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֨ת חֲדָ֜ה לְ⁠כ֣וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֗⁠א 1 In the first year of King Cyrus It can be stated clearly that this is the first year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 1 of the reign of King Cyrus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 6 3 gi3x figs-activepassive בַּיְתָ֣⁠א יִתְבְּנֵ֔א 1 Let the house be rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let the Jews rebuild the house” or “The Jews must rebuild the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 6 3 ts4a translate-numbers אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין 1 sixty cubits “60 cubits.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-seven meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZR 6 4 q3hv figs-explicit נִדְבָּכִ֞ין דִּי־אֶ֤בֶן גְּלָל֙ תְּלָתָ֔א וְ⁠נִדְבָּ֖ךְ דִּי־אָ֣ע חֲדַ֑ת 1 with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are 1) this describes how to build the foundation. Alternate translation: “Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber” or 2) this describes how to build the walls. Alternate translation: “Build the house’s walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 4 q3hv figs-explicit נִדְבָּכִ֞ין דִּי־אֶ֤בֶן גְּלָל֙ תְּלָתָ֔א וְ⁠נִדְבָּ֖ךְ דִּי־אָ֣ע חֲדַ֑ת 1 with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are (1) this describes how to build the foundation. Alternate translation: “Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber” or (2) this describes how to build the walls. Alternate translation: “Build the house’s walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 4 tny3 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִ֨פְקְתָ֔⁠א מִן־בֵּ֥ית מַלְכָּ֖⁠א תִּתְיְהִֽב 1 let the cost be paid by the king’s house The phrase “the king’s house” represents King Cyrus’s own wealth in the royal treasury. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will pay for it with money from the royal treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 6 6 f9x5 0 General Information: This continues the record of King Cyrus’s command that the Jews rebuild God’s temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Ezra 6:3](../06/03.md).
EZR 6 6 xd9g translate-names תַּ֠תְּנַי…שְׁתַ֤ר בּוֹזְנַי֙ 1 Tattenai…Shethar-Bozenai Darius writes directly to these men. Translate their names as in [Ezra 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ EZR 8 13 hu49 translate-numbers שִׁשִּׁ֥ים 1 sixty “60” (See: [[rc
EZR 8 14 p7ej בִגְוַ֖י 1 Bigvai See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md).
EZR 8 14 we81 translate-numbers שִׁבְעִ֥ים 1 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 8 15 x4yl translate-names 0 General Information: The word “I” in chapter 8 refers to Ezra. He is the author. Verse 16 contains a list of men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 8 15 gl34 הַ⁠נָּהָר֙ הַ⁠בָּ֣א אֶֽל־אַהֲוָ֔א 1 the river that flows to Ahava Possible meanings are that the “canal” was 1) a waterway that men built or 2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. Alternate translation: “the waterway that flows to Ahava”
EZR 8 15 gl34 הַ⁠נָּהָר֙ הַ⁠בָּ֣א אֶֽל־אַהֲוָ֔א 1 the river that flows to Ahava Possible meanings are that the “canal” was (1) a waterway that men built or (2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. Alternate translation: “the waterway that flows to Ahava”
EZR 8 15 cl4j translate-names אַהֲוָ֔א 1 Ahava This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 8 16 ufp7 לִֽ֠⁠שְׁמַעְיָה 1 Shemaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md).
EZR 8 16 sw7e וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְנָתָ֨ן וּ⁠לְ⁠יָרִ֜יב וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְנָתָ֧ן 1 Elnathan…Elnathan…Elnathan There were apparently three men with the same name.
@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ EZR 10 11 man9 וְ⁠הִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ 1 separate yourselves move away
EZR 10 13 wqu4 figs-litotes וְ⁠הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֗ה לֹֽא־לְ⁠י֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א לִ⁠שְׁנַ֔יִם 1 this is not the work of one or two days This litotes can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we will need a long time to do all this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
EZR 10 14 fcw7 figs-activepassive לְ⁠עִתִּ֣ים מְזֻמָּנִ֔ים וְ⁠עִמָּ⁠הֶ֛ם זִקְנֵי־עִ֥יר וָ⁠עִ֖יר וְ⁠שֹׁפְטֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 at the appointed time with the elders and judges of each of their cities This can be translated in active form and as separate sentences. Alternate translation: “at the time that you will determine. Let them come with the city elder and the city judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 10 15 z2yc translate-names יוֹנָתָ֧ן…עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְ⁠יַחְזְיָ֥ה…תִּקְוָ֖ה…וּ⁠מְשֻׁלָּ֛ם וְ⁠שַׁבְּתַ֥י 1 Jonathan…Asahel…Jahzeiah…Tikvah…Meshullam…Shabbethai men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 15 sl99 יוֹנָתָ֧ן בֶּן־עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְ⁠יַחְזְיָ֥ה בֶן־תִּקְוָ֖ה עָמְד֣וּ עַל־זֹ֑את 1 Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this Possible meanings are, 1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or 2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people’s marriages.
EZR 10 15 sl99 יוֹנָתָ֧ן בֶּן־עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְ⁠יַחְזְיָ֥ה בֶן־תִּקְוָ֖ה עָמְד֣וּ עַל־זֹ֑את 1 Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this Possible meanings are, (1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or (2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people’s marriages.
EZR 10 16 jyy9 וַ⁠יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֮ 1 did this The people investigated who had married non-Jewish wives.
EZR 10 16 c2z7 translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠י֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠עֲשִׂירִ֔י 1 the first day of the tenth month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 10 17 kgk5 translate-hebrewmonths י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן 1 first day of the first month This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
146 EZR 4 2 spx4 translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל 1 Zerubbabel This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
147 EZR 4 2 yx1s translate-names אֵסַ֤ר חַדֹּן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר 1 Esarhaddon, king of Assyria He ruled in Assyria before Cyrus ruled in Persia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
148 EZR 4 3 xp3f וְ⁠יֵשׁ֗וּעַ 1 Jeshua This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:6](../02/06.md).
149 EZR 4 3 isv8 לֹֽא־לָ֣⁠כֶם וָ⁠לָ֔⁠נוּ לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 You may not build a house for our God with us Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work. Possible meanings are (1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or (2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work.
150 EZR 4 4 d9da עַם־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 the people of the land “the people who were living in the land at that time,” which could include non-Jews and Jews whose families the Babylonians had not taken into exile
151 EZR 4 4 n1m9 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִי֙…מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 made the hands of the people of Judah weak This speaks of the people of the land discouraging the Judeans as if they made their hands physically weak. Alternate translation: “discouraged the Judeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152 EZR 4 4 aq32 עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 the people of Judah people who returned from Babylon and settled in the land of Judah
167 EZR 4 12 jr26 וְ⁠אֻשַּׁיָּ֖⁠א יַחִֽיטוּ 1 repairing the foundations “fixed the foundations” or “mended the foundations”
168 EZR 4 13 wj57 figs-activepassive הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠שׁוּרַיָּ֖⁠ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן 1 if this city is built and the wall is completed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “if they build the city and complete the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169 EZR 4 13 pgs2 וְ⁠אַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק 1 the treasury of the king will suffer loss The word “harm” refers to the Judeans no longer giving money to the kings.
170 EZR 4 14 m7yw figs-metonymy מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָ⁠א֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא 1 we have eaten the salt of the palace Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the writers being loyal to the king or 2) the king giving the writers special honors. Alternate translation: “we are loyal to you” or “you have honored us by making us your officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the writers being loyal to the king or (2) the king giving the writers special honors. Alternate translation: “we are loyal to you” or “you have honored us by making us your officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
171 EZR 4 15 sa9b figs-metonymy קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א 1 a rebellious city The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “a city in which live people who have rebelled against your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
172 EZR 4 15 au5i figs-activepassive קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת 1 this city was destroyed This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who destroyed the city. The “city” represents the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians destroyed the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
173 EZR 4 16 cr21 figs-activepassive הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠שׁוּרַיָּ֖⁠ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן 1 if this city is rebuilt and its walls are completed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated these words in [Ezra 4:13](../04/13.md). Alternate translation: “if they build the city and wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
204 EZR 5 8 nmq2 וְ⁠אָ֖ע 1 timbers wood for building
205 EZR 5 9 uee9 מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְ⁠כֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם 1 Who issued you a command “Who gave you permission”
206 EZR 5 11 f9fm 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues.
207 EZR 5 11 m5y2 אֲנַ֣חְנָא הִמּ֡וֹ עַבְדוֹ⁠הִי֩ דִֽי־אֱלָ֨הּ 1 We are servants of the God Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices. Possible meaning are (1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or (2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices.
208 EZR 5 11 a1ui figs-activepassive דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨א בְנֵ֜ה מִ⁠קַּדְמַ֤ת דְּנָה֙ שְׁנִ֣ין שַׂגִּיאָ֔ן וּ⁠מֶ֤לֶךְ לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רַ֔ב בְּנָ֖⁠הִי וְ⁠שַׁכְלְלֵֽ⁠הּ 1 that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and completed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the great king of Israel had built and supplied all the equipment for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
209 EZR 5 11 y9hr וְ⁠שַׁכְלְלֵֽ⁠הּ 1 completed “supplied all the equipment for it”
210 EZR 5 12 un5r 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Ezra 5:11](../05/11.md).
232 EZR 6 3 ev3b figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֨ת חֲדָ֜ה לְ⁠כ֣וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֗⁠א 1 In the first year of King Cyrus It can be stated clearly that this is the first year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 1 of the reign of King Cyrus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
233 EZR 6 3 gi3x figs-activepassive בַּיְתָ֣⁠א יִתְבְּנֵ֔א 1 Let the house be rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let the Jews rebuild the house” or “The Jews must rebuild the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
234 EZR 6 3 ts4a translate-numbers אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין 1 sixty cubits “60 cubits.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-seven meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
235 EZR 6 4 q3hv figs-explicit נִדְבָּכִ֞ין דִּי־אֶ֤בֶן גְּלָל֙ תְּלָתָ֔א וְ⁠נִדְבָּ֖ךְ דִּי־אָ֣ע חֲדַ֑ת 1 with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are 1) this describes how to build the foundation. Alternate translation: “Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber” or 2) this describes how to build the walls. Alternate translation: “Build the house’s walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are (1) this describes how to build the foundation. Alternate translation: “Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber” or (2) this describes how to build the walls. Alternate translation: “Build the house’s walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
236 EZR 6 4 tny3 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִ֨פְקְתָ֔⁠א מִן־בֵּ֥ית מַלְכָּ֖⁠א תִּתְיְהִֽב 1 let the cost be paid by the king’s house The phrase “the king’s house” represents King Cyrus’s own wealth in the royal treasury. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will pay for it with money from the royal treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
237 EZR 6 6 f9x5 0 General Information: This continues the record of King Cyrus’s command that the Jews rebuild God’s temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Ezra 6:3](../06/03.md).
238 EZR 6 6 xd9g translate-names תַּ֠תְּנַי…שְׁתַ֤ר בּוֹזְנַי֙ 1 Tattenai…Shethar-Bozenai Darius writes directly to these men. Translate their names as in [Ezra 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
359 EZR 8 14 p7ej בִגְוַ֖י 1 Bigvai See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md).
360 EZR 8 14 we81 translate-numbers שִׁבְעִ֥ים 1 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
361 EZR 8 15 x4yl translate-names 0 General Information: The word “I” in chapter 8 refers to Ezra. He is the author. Verse 16 contains a list of men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
362 EZR 8 15 gl34 הַ⁠נָּהָר֙ הַ⁠בָּ֣א אֶֽל־אַהֲוָ֔א 1 the river that flows to Ahava Possible meanings are that the “canal” was 1) a waterway that men built or 2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. Alternate translation: “the waterway that flows to Ahava” Possible meanings are that the “canal” was (1) a waterway that men built or (2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. Alternate translation: “the waterway that flows to Ahava”
363 EZR 8 15 cl4j translate-names אַהֲוָ֔א 1 Ahava This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
364 EZR 8 16 ufp7 לִֽ֠⁠שְׁמַעְיָה 1 Shemaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md).
365 EZR 8 16 sw7e וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְנָתָ֨ן וּ⁠לְ⁠יָרִ֜יב וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְנָתָ֧ן 1 Elnathan…Elnathan…Elnathan There were apparently three men with the same name.
448 EZR 10 13 wqu4 figs-litotes וְ⁠הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֗ה לֹֽא־לְ⁠י֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א לִ⁠שְׁנַ֔יִם 1 this is not the work of one or two days This litotes can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we will need a long time to do all this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
449 EZR 10 14 fcw7 figs-activepassive לְ⁠עִתִּ֣ים מְזֻמָּנִ֔ים וְ⁠עִמָּ⁠הֶ֛ם זִקְנֵי־עִ֥יר וָ⁠עִ֖יר וְ⁠שֹׁפְטֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 at the appointed time with the elders and judges of each of their cities This can be translated in active form and as separate sentences. Alternate translation: “at the time that you will determine. Let them come with the city elder and the city judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
450 EZR 10 15 z2yc translate-names יוֹנָתָ֧ן…עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְ⁠יַחְזְיָ֥ה…תִּקְוָ֖ה…וּ⁠מְשֻׁלָּ֛ם וְ⁠שַׁבְּתַ֥י 1 Jonathan…Asahel…Jahzeiah…Tikvah…Meshullam…Shabbethai men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
451 EZR 10 15 sl99 יוֹנָתָ֧ן בֶּן־עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְ⁠יַחְזְיָ֥ה בֶן־תִּקְוָ֖ה עָמְד֣וּ עַל־זֹ֑את 1 Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this Possible meanings are, 1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or 2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people’s marriages. Possible meanings are, (1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or (2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people’s marriages.
452 EZR 10 16 jyy9 וַ⁠יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֮ 1 did this The people investigated who had married non-Jewish wives.
453 EZR 10 16 c2z7 translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠י֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠עֲשִׂירִ֔י 1 the first day of the tenth month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
454 EZR 10 17 kgk5 translate-hebrewmonths י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן 1 first day of the first month This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

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en_tn_16-NEH.tsv
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ NEH 1 1 g6dl בְּ⁠שׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַ⁠בִּירָֽה׃ 1 fortress o
NEH 1 2 f2ab translate-names חֲנָ֜נִי 1 Hanani This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 1 2 l6cw חֲנָ֜נִי אֶחָ֧ד מֵ⁠אַחַ֛⁠י 1 one of my brothers, Hanani Hanani was Nehemiah’s biological brother.
NEH 1 2 lg14 וַ⁠יָּבֹ֨א חֲנָ֜נִי…⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִֽ⁠יהוּדָ֑ה 1 Hanani, came with some people from Judah “Hanani came from Judah with some other people”
NEH 1 2 q7zi figs-explicit הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֧ים הַ⁠פְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַ⁠שֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the Jews who had escaped, the remnant of the Jews who were there These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are 1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or 2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 1 2 q7zi figs-explicit הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֧ים הַ⁠פְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַ⁠שֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the Jews who had escaped, the remnant of the Jews who were there These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are (1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or (2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 1 3 igf2 וַ⁠יֹּאמְרוּ֮ לִ⁠י֒ 1 They said to me Here “They” refers to Hanani and the other people who had come from Judah.
NEH 1 3 y1zg figs-explicit בַּ⁠מְּדִינָ֔ה 1 the province Here “province” refers to Judah as an administrative district under the Persian Empire. Alternate translation: “the province of Judah” or “Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 1 3 pk3f figs-activepassive וְ⁠חוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 the wall of Jerusalem has been broken open, and its gates have been set on fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “armies have broken open the wall of Jerusalem and have set its gates on fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ NEH 6 19 e3zt figs-activepassive אִגְּר֛וֹת שָׁלַ֥ח טוֹבִ
NEH 7 intro qk4v 0 # Nehemiah 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogy<br><br>The people who returned from Persia were counted according to their families. Nehemiah ensured that those who lived in Jerusalem had a completely Jewish ancestry.<br><br>### Different lists<br>This list is paralleled in [Ezra 2](../../ezr/02/01.md). The lists do contain some differences in numbers. This is probably due to the timing of their counting. They were likely counted at different times.<br>
NEH 7 1 g3zz figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִ֗י כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִבְנְתָה֙ הַ⁠חוֹמָ֔ה 1 When the wall was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When we had finished the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 1 fk6l figs-synecdoche וָ⁠אַעֲמִ֖יד הַ⁠דְּלָת֑וֹת 1 I had set up the doors in place This was done with help. Alternate translation: “I and others hung the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NEH 7 1 wkp3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפָּֽקְד֛וּ הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּֽם 1 the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: 1) Nehemiah appointed them. Alternate translation: “I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” or 2) Someone else appointed them. Alternate translation: “they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 1 wkp3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפָּֽקְד֛וּ הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּֽם 1 the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: (1) Nehemiah appointed them. Alternate translation: “I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” or (2) Someone else appointed them. Alternate translation: “they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 1 lk9v הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים 1 gatekeepers people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator
NEH 7 1 f8ks וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים 1 singers vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion
NEH 7 2 ykr9 translate-names חֲנָ֣נִי…חֲנַנְיָ֛ה 1 Hanani…Hananiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ NEH 7 2 zy5q וָ⁠אֲצַוֶּ֞ה אֶת־חֲנָ֣נִי אָחִ֗⁠י
NEH 7 2 iqf3 שַׂ֥ר הַ⁠בִּירָ֖ה 1 who had oversight of the fortress “who was in charge of the fortress”
NEH 7 2 dx6d וְ⁠יָרֵ֥א אֶת־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵ⁠רַבִּֽים 1 feared God more than many “feared God more than many other people”
NEH 7 3 y2jk וָאֹמַ֣ר לָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 I said to them The word “them” refers to Hanani and Hananiah.
NEH 7 3 n55g לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them Possible meanings are 1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or 2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or 3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah.
NEH 7 3 n55g לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them Possible meanings are (1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or (2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or (3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah.
NEH 7 3 w3hi חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 the sun is hot “the sun is high in the sky”
NEH 7 3 b2es וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them “Shut the doors and bar them while the gatekeepers are still on guard”
NEH 7 3 mir9 מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ 1 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md)
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ NEH 7 72 g529 translate-numbers וְ⁠כָתְנֹ֥ת כֹּֽהֲנִ֖ים
NEH 7 73 e7np וְ⁠הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִים֩ 1 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md).
NEH 7 73 a2ub וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֨ים 1 singers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md).
NEH 7 73 jaj3 figs-explicit וּ⁠מִן־הָ⁠עָ֧ם 1 some of the people The implied information is that this refers to some of the Israelites who were not priests or other temple workers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 7 73 znc4 וְ⁠כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 all Israel Possible meanings are: 1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or 2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple.
NEH 7 73 znc4 וְ⁠כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 all Israel Possible meanings are: (1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or (2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple.
NEH 7 73 n26r translate-ordinal הַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 the seventh month “month 7.” This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
NEH 7 73 gdj2 בְּ⁠עָרֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 were settled in their cities “lived in their own cities”
NEH 8 intro w38v 0 # Nehemiah 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Reading of the law<br><br>During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Festival of Shelters<br><br>After they heard Ezra read the law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt.<br>
@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ NEH 10 34 ph9q figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כָּת֖וּב 1 as it is written T
NEH 10 35 vp1p אַדְמָתֵ֗⁠נוּ 1 from our soil “in our soil” or “on our land”
NEH 10 37 j9sj 0 General Information: In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah verse 29](./28.md).
NEH 10 37 s7s2 figs-exclusive נָבִ֤יא 1 We will bring…We will bring The pronoun “we” here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
NEH 10 37 rk7x עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ 1 our dough Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) dough made from coarse flour, 2) coarse flour, or 3) ground grain.
NEH 10 37 rk7x עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ 1 our dough Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) dough made from coarse flour, (2) coarse flour, or (3) ground grain.
NEH 10 37 uc2w figs-ellipsis תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠יִצְהָ֗ר 1 the new wine and the oil The words “first of” are understood from the begininng of the sentnces. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “the first of the new wine and of the oil” or “the best of the new wine and of the oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 10 37 e92l לִשְׁכ֣וֹת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 the storerooms of the house of our God “the places where things are stored in the temple”
NEH 10 37 r776 figs-synecdoche וּ⁠מַעְשַׂ֥ר אַדְמָתֵ֖⁠נוּ 1 the tithes from our soil Here “our soil” refers to everything that is grown in the ground. Alternate translation: “the tithes of what we grow in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ NEH 11 12 nl7h וַ⁠אֲחֵי⁠הֶ֗ם 1 their associates “their brother
NEH 11 12 z6pc עֹשֵׂ֤י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָה֙ לַ⁠בַּ֔יִת 1 who did the work for the house “who worked in the temple.” The “house” referred to here is the “house of God” mentioned in the previous verse.
NEH 11 12 kq8y translate-numbers שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וּ⁠שְׁנָ֑יִם 1 822 men “eight hundred and twenty-two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NEH 11 13 wd9q וְ⁠אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 His brothers the brothers of Adaiah, the son of Jeroham ([Nehemiah 11:12](../11/12.md)).
NEH 11 13 u4gn figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 brothers This word is a metaphor for 1) fellow Israelites or 2) people who did the same work. Alternate translation: “associates” or “fellow workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 11 13 u4gn figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 brothers This word is a metaphor for (1) fellow Israelites or (2) people who did the same work. Alternate translation: “associates” or “fellow workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 11 13 gd6g translate-numbers מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וּ⁠שְׁנָ֑יִם 1 242 men “two hundred and forty-two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NEH 11 13 l51b translate-names וַ⁠עֲמַשְׁסַ֧י…עֲזַרְאֵ֛ל…אַחְזַ֥י…מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹת…אִמֵּֽר 1 Amashsai…Azarel…Ahzai…Meshillemoth…Immer These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 14 jrq7 translate-names זַבְדִּיאֵ֖ל…הַ⁠גְּדוֹלִֽים 1 Zabdiel…Haggedolim These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ NEH 11 16 q6zj translate-names וְ⁠שַׁבְּתַ֨י וְ⁠יוֹזָבָ
NEH 11 16 if3q עַל־…מֵ⁠רָאשֵׁ֖י הַ⁠לְוִיִּֽם 1 who were from the leaders of the Levites and were in charge “from the leaders of the Levites, were in charge”
NEH 11 17 ix77 translate-names וּ⁠מַתַּנְיָ֣ה…מִ֠יכָה…זַבְדִּ֨י…אָסָ֜ף…וּ⁠בַקְבֻּקְיָ֖ה…וְ⁠עַבְדָּא֙…שַׁמּ֔וּ…גָּלָ֖ל…יְדוּתֽוּן 1 Mattaniah…Mika…Zabdi…Asaph…Bakbukiah…Abda…Shammua…Galal…Jeduthun These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 17 sm9t רֹ֗אשׁ הַ⁠תְּחִלָּה֙ יְהוֹדֶ֣ה לַ⁠תְּפִלָּ֔ה 1 who began the thanksgiving in prayer That is, who directed the singers.
NEH 11 17 djg7 וּ⁠בַקְבֻּקְיָ֖ה מִשְׁנֶ֣ה מֵ⁠אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Bakbukiah, the second among his brothers Possible meanings are 1) Bakbukiah was Mattaniah’s kinsman and second in authority to Mattaniah or 2) “Bakbukiah, who led a second group of singers.”
NEH 11 17 djg7 וּ⁠בַקְבֻּקְיָ֖ה מִשְׁנֶ֣ה מֵ⁠אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Bakbukiah, the second among his brothers Possible meanings are (1) Bakbukiah was Mattaniah’s kinsman and second in authority to Mattaniah or (2) “Bakbukiah, who led a second group of singers.”
NEH 11 17 dy1v מֵ⁠אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 brothers Another possible meaning is “associates” or “fellow workers.”
NEH 11 18 di19 בְּ⁠עִ֣יר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 the holy city This expression refers to the city of Jerusalem.
NEH 11 18 hk8i translate-numbers מָאתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנִ֥ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָֽה 1 numbered 284 “numbered two hundred and eighty-four.” There were 284 Levites in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ NEH 11 31 lm1q וְ⁠עַיָּ֔ה 1 Aija This is possibly another name for t
NEH 11 32 ucv8 translate-names עֲנָת֥וֹת נֹ֖ב עֲנָֽנְיָֽה 1 Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 33 jwf7 translate-names חָצ֥וֹר׀ רָמָ֖ה גִּתָּֽיִם 1 Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 34 e1ls translate-names חָדִ֥יד צְבֹעִ֖ים נְבַלָּֽט 1 Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 35 qu5n translate-names גֵּ֥י הַחֲרָשִֽׁים 1 the valley of craftsmen Possible meanings are 1) this is a description of Ono or 2) it is “Craftsmen’s Valley” or “the Valley of Craftsmen,” another name for Ono, or 3) it is a different place from Ono, “and the Valley of Craftsmen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 35 qu5n translate-names גֵּ֥י הַחֲרָשִֽׁים 1 the valley of craftsmen Possible meanings are (1) this is a description of Ono or (2) it is “Craftsmen’s Valley” or “the Valley of Craftsmen,” another name for Ono, or (3) it is a different place from Ono, “and the Valley of Craftsmen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 11 36 y212 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם מַחְלְק֥וֹת יְהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠בִנְיָמִֽין 1 Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin It is not clear who assigned these Levites to live with the people of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “They assigned some of the Levites who lived in Judah to serve the people of Benjamin” or “The officials assigned some of the Levites who lived in Judah to serve the people of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 12 intro xmt3 0 # Nehemiah 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Dedication of the wall<br><br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to dedicate an important structure to a god. When it was completed, the wall was dedicated to Yahweh. Long lists of people are present, indicating that “everyone” was present for this and praised Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
NEH 12 1 ixs5 אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָל֛וּ 1 who came up “who arrived from Babylonia”
@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ NEH 12 6 udm2 translate-names שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה וְ⁠יוֹיָרִ֖י
NEH 12 7 g43p translate-names סַלּ֣וּ עָמ֔וֹק חִלְקִיָּ֖ה יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה…יֵשֽׁוּעַ 1 Sallu…Amok…Hilkiah…Jedaiah…Jeshua These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 8 xy1h translate-names יֵשׁ֧וּעַ בִּנּ֛וּי קַדְמִיאֵ֥ל שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה מַתַּנְיָ֑ה 1 Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah,…Mattaniah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 9 nnn1 translate-names וּ⁠בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה וְעֻנִּ֧י 1 Bakbukiah…Unni These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 9 nhn4 לְ⁠נֶגְדָּ֖⁠ם לְ⁠מִשְׁמָרֽוֹת 1 stood opposite them during the service Possible meanings are 1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or 2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or “took turns guarding the temple.”
NEH 12 9 nhn4 לְ⁠נֶגְדָּ֖⁠ם לְ⁠מִשְׁמָרֽוֹת 1 stood opposite them during the service Possible meanings are (1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or (2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or “took turns guarding the temple.”
NEH 12 10 ri33 translate-names וְ⁠יֵשׁ֖וּעַ…יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים…אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב…יוֹיָדָֽע 1 Jeshua…Joiakim…Eliashib…Joiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 10 xd69 figs-explicit וְ⁠יֵשׁ֖וּעַ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים 1 Jeshua was the father of Joiakim This is the same Jeshua named in [Nehemiah 12:1](../12/01.md). The original readers would have understood that Jeshua was the high priest. Alternate translation: “Jeshua the high priest was the father of Joiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 12 11 a7yv translate-names וְ⁠יוֹיָדָע֙…יוֹנָתָ֔ן…יַדּֽוּעַ 1 Joiada…Jonathan…Jaddua These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ NEH 12 24 dl8r בְּ⁠מִצְוַ֖ת דָּוִ֣יד 1 obedience to the co
NEH 12 25 p55l translate-names מַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּ⁠בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה עֹבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב 1 Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 26 wk2z translate-names יוֹיָקִ֥ים…יֵשׁ֖וּעַ…יוֹצָדָ֑ק…נְחֶמְיָ֣ה…וְ⁠עֶזְרָ֥א 1 Joiakim…Jeshua…Jozadak…Nehemiah…Ezra These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 26 k9bk בִּ⁠ימֵ֛י יוֹיָקִ֥ים…יוֹצָדָ֑ק וּ⁠בִ⁠ימֵי֙ נְחֶמְיָ֣ה הַ⁠פֶּחָ֔ה וְ⁠עֶזְרָ֥א הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠סּוֹפֵֽר 1 in the days of Joiakim…Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor and of Ezra…scribe The date was fixed by listing those who were leading the Jews at the time. “when Joiakim…Jozadak was high priest, and when Nehemiah was governor and Ezra…was the scribe”
NEH 12 27 e63y וּ⁠בַ⁠חֲנֻכַּ֞ת חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם 1 At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem Possible meanings are 1) “At the time when they dedicated the wall of Jerusalem” or 2) “So that the dedication of Jerusalem’s wall could take place.”
NEH 12 27 e63y וּ⁠בַ⁠חֲנֻכַּ֞ת חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם 1 At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem Possible meanings are (1) “At the time when they dedicated the wall of Jerusalem” or (2) “So that the dedication of Jerusalem’s wall could take place.”
NEH 12 27 s6xv translate-unknown מְצִלְתַּ֖יִם 1 cymbals two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 12 29 lnm1 translate-names וּ⁠מִ⁠בֵּית֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל…גֶּ֖בַע וְ⁠עַזְמָ֑וֶת 1 Beth Gilgal…Geba and Azmaveth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 31 zsj6 אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 the leaders of Judah the leaders of the people who lived in the region of Judah
@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ NEH 12 39 v1ni translate-names וּ⁠מִגְדַּ֤ל חֲנַנְאֵל֙ ו
NEH 12 39 v264 לְ⁠שַֽׁעַר־אֶ֠פְרַיִם…שַׁ֨עַר הַיְשָׁנָ֜ה…שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠דָּגִ֗ים…שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠צֹּ֑אן…בְּ⁠שַׁ֖עַר הַ⁠מַּטָּרָֽה 1 Gate of Ephraim…Old Gate…Fish Gate…Sheep Gate…Gate of the Guard These are the names of openings in the wall.
NEH 12 40 ai1v וַ⁠אֲנִ֕י 1 I also took my place Nehemiah is speaking here. Alternate translation: “I, Nehemiah, also took my place”
NEH 12 41 s4t8 translate-names אֶלְיָקִ֡ים מַעֲשֵׂיָ֡ה מִ֠נְיָמִין מִיכָיָ֧ה אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֛י זְכַרְיָ֥ה חֲנַנְיָ֖ה 1 Eliakim…Maaseiah…Miniamin…Micaiah…Elioenai…Zechariah…Hananiah These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 41 bnz5 בַּ⁠חֲצֹצְרֽוֹת 1 with the trumpets Possible meanings are 1) only the first seven priests listed from Eliakim to Hananiah carried trumpets or 2) all 15 priests listed from Eliakim to Ezer carried trumpets.
NEH 12 41 bnz5 בַּ⁠חֲצֹצְרֽוֹת 1 with the trumpets Possible meanings are (1) only the first seven priests listed from Eliakim to Hananiah carried trumpets or (2) all 15 priests listed from Eliakim to Ezer carried trumpets.
NEH 12 42 gqe1 translate-names וּ⁠מַעֲשֵׂיָ֨ה וּֽ⁠שְׁמַֽעְיָ֜ה וְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֧ר וְ⁠עֻזִּ֛י וִֽ⁠יהוֹחָנָ֥ן וּ⁠מַלְכִּיָּ֖ה וְ⁠עֵילָ֣ם וָ⁠עָ֑זֶר 1 Maaseiah…Shemaiah…Eleazar…Uzzi…Jehohanan…Malkijah…Elam…Ezer These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 42 tdc8 וְ⁠יִֽזְרַחְיָ֖ה 1 Jezrahiah This is the name of a male who was the leader of the singers.
NEH 12 42 y2qj וַ⁠יַּשְׁמִ֨יעוּ֙ 1 made themselves heard “sang loudly”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
8 NEH 1 2 f2ab translate-names חֲנָ֜נִי 1 Hanani This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9 NEH 1 2 l6cw חֲנָ֜נִי אֶחָ֧ד מֵ⁠אַחַ֛⁠י 1 one of my brothers, Hanani Hanani was Nehemiah’s biological brother.
10 NEH 1 2 lg14 וַ⁠יָּבֹ֨א חֲנָ֜נִי…⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִֽ⁠יהוּדָ֑ה 1 Hanani, came with some people from Judah “Hanani came from Judah with some other people”
11 NEH 1 2 q7zi figs-explicit הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֧ים הַ⁠פְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַ⁠שֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the Jews who had escaped, the remnant of the Jews who were there These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are 1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or 2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are (1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or (2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12 NEH 1 3 igf2 וַ⁠יֹּאמְרוּ֮ לִ⁠י֒ 1 They said to me Here “They” refers to Hanani and the other people who had come from Judah.
13 NEH 1 3 y1zg figs-explicit בַּ⁠מְּדִינָ֔ה 1 the province Here “province” refers to Judah as an administrative district under the Persian Empire. Alternate translation: “the province of Judah” or “Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14 NEH 1 3 pk3f figs-activepassive וְ⁠חוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 the wall of Jerusalem has been broken open, and its gates have been set on fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “armies have broken open the wall of Jerusalem and have set its gates on fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
355 NEH 7 intro qk4v 0 # Nehemiah 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogy<br><br>The people who returned from Persia were counted according to their families. Nehemiah ensured that those who lived in Jerusalem had a completely Jewish ancestry.<br><br>### Different lists<br>This list is paralleled in [Ezra 2](../../ezr/02/01.md). The lists do contain some differences in numbers. This is probably due to the timing of their counting. They were likely counted at different times.<br>
356 NEH 7 1 g3zz figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִ֗י כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִבְנְתָה֙ הַ⁠חוֹמָ֔ה 1 When the wall was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When we had finished the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
357 NEH 7 1 fk6l figs-synecdoche וָ⁠אַעֲמִ֖יד הַ⁠דְּלָת֑וֹת 1 I had set up the doors in place This was done with help. Alternate translation: “I and others hung the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
358 NEH 7 1 wkp3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפָּֽקְד֛וּ הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּֽם 1 the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: 1) Nehemiah appointed them. Alternate translation: “I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” or 2) Someone else appointed them. Alternate translation: “they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: (1) Nehemiah appointed them. Alternate translation: “I assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” or (2) Someone else appointed them. Alternate translation: “they assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
359 NEH 7 1 lk9v הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים 1 gatekeepers people assigned to each gate, responsible to control access to the city or temple, as well as to open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the administrator
360 NEH 7 1 f8ks וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים 1 singers vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion
361 NEH 7 2 ykr9 translate-names חֲנָ֣נִי…חֲנַנְיָ֛ה 1 Hanani…Hananiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
363 NEH 7 2 iqf3 שַׂ֥ר הַ⁠בִּירָ֖ה 1 who had oversight of the fortress “who was in charge of the fortress”
364 NEH 7 2 dx6d וְ⁠יָרֵ֥א אֶת־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵ⁠רַבִּֽים 1 feared God more than many “feared God more than many other people”
365 NEH 7 3 y2jk וָאֹמַ֣ר לָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 I said to them The word “them” refers to Hanani and Hananiah.
366 NEH 7 3 n55g לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them Possible meanings are 1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or 2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or 3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah. Possible meanings are (1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or (2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or (3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah.
367 NEH 7 3 w3hi חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 the sun is hot “the sun is high in the sky”
368 NEH 7 3 b2es וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them “Shut the doors and bar them while the gatekeepers are still on guard”
369 NEH 7 3 mir9 מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ 1 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md)
484 NEH 7 73 e7np וְ⁠הַ⁠שּׁוֹעֲרִים֩ 1 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md).
485 NEH 7 73 a2ub וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֨ים 1 singers See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 7:1](../07/01.md).
486 NEH 7 73 jaj3 figs-explicit וּ⁠מִן־הָ⁠עָ֧ם 1 some of the people The implied information is that this refers to some of the Israelites who were not priests or other temple workers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
487 NEH 7 73 znc4 וְ⁠כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 all Israel Possible meanings are: 1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or 2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple. Possible meanings are: (1) all the groups of Israelites that are listed in this verse or (2) the rest of the Israelites who did not work in the temple.
488 NEH 7 73 n26r translate-ordinal הַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 the seventh month “month 7.” This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
489 NEH 7 73 gdj2 בְּ⁠עָרֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 were settled in their cities “lived in their own cities”
490 NEH 8 intro w38v 0 # Nehemiah 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Reading of the law<br><br>During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Festival of Shelters<br><br>After they heard Ezra read the law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt.<br>
753 NEH 10 35 vp1p אַדְמָתֵ֗⁠נוּ 1 from our soil “in our soil” or “on our land”
754 NEH 10 37 j9sj 0 General Information: In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah verse 29](./28.md).
755 NEH 10 37 s7s2 figs-exclusive נָבִ֤יא 1 We will bring…We will bring The pronoun “we” here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
756 NEH 10 37 rk7x עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ 1 our dough Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) dough made from coarse flour, 2) coarse flour, or 3) ground grain. Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) dough made from coarse flour, (2) coarse flour, or (3) ground grain.
757 NEH 10 37 uc2w figs-ellipsis תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠יִצְהָ֗ר 1 the new wine and the oil The words “first of” are understood from the begininng of the sentnces. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “the first of the new wine and of the oil” or “the best of the new wine and of the oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
758 NEH 10 37 e92l לִשְׁכ֣וֹת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 the storerooms of the house of our God “the places where things are stored in the temple”
759 NEH 10 37 r776 figs-synecdoche וּ⁠מַעְשַׂ֥ר אַדְמָתֵ֖⁠נוּ 1 the tithes from our soil Here “our soil” refers to everything that is grown in the ground. Alternate translation: “the tithes of what we grow in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
791 NEH 11 12 z6pc עֹשֵׂ֤י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָה֙ לַ⁠בַּ֔יִת 1 who did the work for the house “who worked in the temple.” The “house” referred to here is the “house of God” mentioned in the previous verse.
792 NEH 11 12 kq8y translate-numbers שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וּ⁠שְׁנָ֑יִם 1 822 men “eight hundred and twenty-two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
793 NEH 11 13 wd9q וְ⁠אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 His brothers the brothers of Adaiah, the son of Jeroham ([Nehemiah 11:12](../11/12.md)).
794 NEH 11 13 u4gn figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 brothers This word is a metaphor for 1) fellow Israelites or 2) people who did the same work. Alternate translation: “associates” or “fellow workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This word is a metaphor for (1) fellow Israelites or (2) people who did the same work. Alternate translation: “associates” or “fellow workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
795 NEH 11 13 gd6g translate-numbers מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וּ⁠שְׁנָ֑יִם 1 242 men “two hundred and forty-two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
796 NEH 11 13 l51b translate-names וַ⁠עֲמַשְׁסַ֧י…עֲזַרְאֵ֛ל…אַחְזַ֥י…מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹת…אִמֵּֽר 1 Amashsai…Azarel…Ahzai…Meshillemoth…Immer These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
797 NEH 11 14 jrq7 translate-names זַבְדִּיאֵ֖ל…הַ⁠גְּדוֹלִֽים 1 Zabdiel…Haggedolim These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
801 NEH 11 16 if3q עַל־…מֵ⁠רָאשֵׁ֖י הַ⁠לְוִיִּֽם 1 who were from the leaders of the Levites and were in charge “from the leaders of the Levites, were in charge”
802 NEH 11 17 ix77 translate-names וּ⁠מַתַּנְיָ֣ה…מִ֠יכָה…זַבְדִּ֨י…אָסָ֜ף…וּ⁠בַקְבֻּקְיָ֖ה…וְ⁠עַבְדָּא֙…שַׁמּ֔וּ…גָּלָ֖ל…יְדוּתֽוּן 1 Mattaniah…Mika…Zabdi…Asaph…Bakbukiah…Abda…Shammua…Galal…Jeduthun These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
803 NEH 11 17 sm9t רֹ֗אשׁ הַ⁠תְּחִלָּה֙ יְהוֹדֶ֣ה לַ⁠תְּפִלָּ֔ה 1 who began the thanksgiving in prayer That is, who directed the singers.
804 NEH 11 17 djg7 וּ⁠בַקְבֻּקְיָ֖ה מִשְׁנֶ֣ה מֵ⁠אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Bakbukiah, the second among his brothers Possible meanings are 1) Bakbukiah was Mattaniah’s kinsman and second in authority to Mattaniah or 2) “Bakbukiah, who led a second group of singers.” Possible meanings are (1) Bakbukiah was Mattaniah’s kinsman and second in authority to Mattaniah or (2) “Bakbukiah, who led a second group of singers.”
805 NEH 11 17 dy1v מֵ⁠אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 brothers Another possible meaning is “associates” or “fellow workers.”
806 NEH 11 18 di19 בְּ⁠עִ֣יר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 the holy city This expression refers to the city of Jerusalem.
807 NEH 11 18 hk8i translate-numbers מָאתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנִ֥ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָֽה 1 numbered 284 “numbered two hundred and eighty-four.” There were 284 Levites in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
829 NEH 11 32 ucv8 translate-names עֲנָת֥וֹת נֹ֖ב עֲנָֽנְיָֽה 1 Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
830 NEH 11 33 jwf7 translate-names חָצ֥וֹר׀ רָמָ֖ה גִּתָּֽיִם 1 Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
831 NEH 11 34 e1ls translate-names חָדִ֥יד צְבֹעִ֖ים נְבַלָּֽט 1 Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
832 NEH 11 35 qu5n translate-names גֵּ֥י הַחֲרָשִֽׁים 1 the valley of craftsmen Possible meanings are 1) this is a description of Ono or 2) it is “Craftsmen’s Valley” or “the Valley of Craftsmen,” another name for Ono, or 3) it is a different place from Ono, “and the Valley of Craftsmen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a description of Ono or (2) it is “Craftsmen’s Valley” or “the Valley of Craftsmen,” another name for Ono, or (3) it is a different place from Ono, “and the Valley of Craftsmen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
833 NEH 11 36 y212 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם מַחְלְק֥וֹת יְהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠בִנְיָמִֽין 1 Some of the Levites who lived in Judah were assigned to the people of Benjamin It is not clear who assigned these Levites to live with the people of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “They assigned some of the Levites who lived in Judah to serve the people of Benjamin” or “The officials assigned some of the Levites who lived in Judah to serve the people of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
834 NEH 12 intro xmt3 0 # Nehemiah 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Dedication of the wall<br><br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to dedicate an important structure to a god. When it was completed, the wall was dedicated to Yahweh. Long lists of people are present, indicating that “everyone” was present for this and praised Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
835 NEH 12 1 ixs5 אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָל֛וּ 1 who came up “who arrived from Babylonia”
845 NEH 12 7 g43p translate-names סַלּ֣וּ עָמ֔וֹק חִלְקִיָּ֖ה יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה…יֵשֽׁוּעַ 1 Sallu…Amok…Hilkiah…Jedaiah…Jeshua These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
846 NEH 12 8 xy1h translate-names יֵשׁ֧וּעַ בִּנּ֛וּי קַדְמִיאֵ֥ל שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה מַתַּנְיָ֑ה 1 Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah,…Mattaniah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
847 NEH 12 9 nnn1 translate-names וּ⁠בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה וְעֻנִּ֧י 1 Bakbukiah…Unni These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
848 NEH 12 9 nhn4 לְ⁠נֶגְדָּ֖⁠ם לְ⁠מִשְׁמָרֽוֹת 1 stood opposite them during the service Possible meanings are 1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or 2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or “took turns guarding the temple.” Possible meanings are (1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or (2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or “took turns guarding the temple.”
849 NEH 12 10 ri33 translate-names וְ⁠יֵשׁ֖וּעַ…יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים…אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב…יוֹיָדָֽע 1 Jeshua…Joiakim…Eliashib…Joiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
850 NEH 12 10 xd69 figs-explicit וְ⁠יֵשׁ֖וּעַ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים 1 Jeshua was the father of Joiakim This is the same Jeshua named in [Nehemiah 12:1](../12/01.md). The original readers would have understood that Jeshua was the high priest. Alternate translation: “Jeshua the high priest was the father of Joiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
851 NEH 12 11 a7yv translate-names וְ⁠יוֹיָדָע֙…יוֹנָתָ֔ן…יַדּֽוּעַ 1 Joiada…Jonathan…Jaddua These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
883 NEH 12 25 p55l translate-names מַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּ⁠בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה עֹבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב 1 Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
884 NEH 12 26 wk2z translate-names יוֹיָקִ֥ים…יֵשׁ֖וּעַ…יוֹצָדָ֑ק…נְחֶמְיָ֣ה…וְ⁠עֶזְרָ֥א 1 Joiakim…Jeshua…Jozadak…Nehemiah…Ezra These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
885 NEH 12 26 k9bk בִּ⁠ימֵ֛י יוֹיָקִ֥ים…יוֹצָדָ֑ק וּ⁠בִ⁠ימֵי֙ נְחֶמְיָ֣ה הַ⁠פֶּחָ֔ה וְ⁠עֶזְרָ֥א הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠סּוֹפֵֽר 1 in the days of Joiakim…Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor and of Ezra…scribe The date was fixed by listing those who were leading the Jews at the time. “when Joiakim…Jozadak was high priest, and when Nehemiah was governor and Ezra…was the scribe”
886 NEH 12 27 e63y וּ⁠בַ⁠חֲנֻכַּ֞ת חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם 1 At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem Possible meanings are 1) “At the time when they dedicated the wall of Jerusalem” or 2) “So that the dedication of Jerusalem’s wall could take place.” Possible meanings are (1) “At the time when they dedicated the wall of Jerusalem” or (2) “So that the dedication of Jerusalem’s wall could take place.”
887 NEH 12 27 s6xv translate-unknown מְצִלְתַּ֖יִם 1 cymbals two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
888 NEH 12 29 lnm1 translate-names וּ⁠מִ⁠בֵּית֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל…גֶּ֖בַע וְ⁠עַזְמָ֑וֶת 1 Beth Gilgal…Geba and Azmaveth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
889 NEH 12 31 zsj6 אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 the leaders of Judah the leaders of the people who lived in the region of Judah
904 NEH 12 39 v264 לְ⁠שַֽׁעַר־אֶ֠פְרַיִם…שַׁ֨עַר הַיְשָׁנָ֜ה…שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠דָּגִ֗ים…שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠צֹּ֑אן…בְּ⁠שַׁ֖עַר הַ⁠מַּטָּרָֽה 1 Gate of Ephraim…Old Gate…Fish Gate…Sheep Gate…Gate of the Guard These are the names of openings in the wall.
905 NEH 12 40 ai1v וַ⁠אֲנִ֕י 1 I also took my place Nehemiah is speaking here. Alternate translation: “I, Nehemiah, also took my place”
906 NEH 12 41 s4t8 translate-names אֶלְיָקִ֡ים מַעֲשֵׂיָ֡ה מִ֠נְיָמִין מִיכָיָ֧ה אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֛י זְכַרְיָ֥ה חֲנַנְיָ֖ה 1 Eliakim…Maaseiah…Miniamin…Micaiah…Elioenai…Zechariah…Hananiah These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
907 NEH 12 41 bnz5 בַּ⁠חֲצֹצְרֽוֹת 1 with the trumpets Possible meanings are 1) only the first seven priests listed from Eliakim to Hananiah carried trumpets or 2) all 15 priests listed from Eliakim to Ezer carried trumpets. Possible meanings are (1) only the first seven priests listed from Eliakim to Hananiah carried trumpets or (2) all 15 priests listed from Eliakim to Ezer carried trumpets.
908 NEH 12 42 gqe1 translate-names וּ⁠מַעֲשֵׂיָ֨ה וּֽ⁠שְׁמַֽעְיָ֜ה וְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֧ר וְ⁠עֻזִּ֛י וִֽ⁠יהוֹחָנָ֥ן וּ⁠מַלְכִּיָּ֖ה וְ⁠עֵילָ֣ם וָ⁠עָ֑זֶר 1 Maaseiah…Shemaiah…Eleazar…Uzzi…Jehohanan…Malkijah…Elam…Ezer These are the names of males who were the priests at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
909 NEH 12 42 tdc8 וְ⁠יִֽזְרַחְיָ֖ה 1 Jezrahiah This is the name of a male who was the leader of the singers.
910 NEH 12 42 y2qj וַ⁠יַּשְׁמִ֨יעוּ֙ 1 made themselves heard “sang loudly”

8
en_tn_17-EST.tsv
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@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ EST 2 18 n5cv 0 provinces A province is a large area into which some countries
EST 2 18 n3vx 0 royal generosity “generosity that only a king can give”
EST 2 19 g38f 0 when the virgins had been gathered together a second time It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written.
EST 2 19 p842 translate-numbers 0 a second time “one more time” or “an additional time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 2 19 a23f 0 Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate Possible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) “sitting at the king’s gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king.
EST 2 19 a23f 0 Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate Possible meanings are (1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or (2) “sitting at the king’s gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king.
EST 2 19 i8in 0 the king’s gate “the gate to the king’s palace”
EST 2 20 fb39 0 as Mordecai had instructed her Mordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family.
EST 2 21 vi16 writing-newevent 0 In those days This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ EST 3 8 bf9g 0 it is not suitable for the king to let them stay “the king sh
EST 3 9 eh3w figs-synecdoche 0 I will weigh out…into the hands of those Here “hands” stands for the men. To “weigh out” is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate translation: “I will pay…to the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 9 lhv5 translate-bmoney 0 ten thousand talents of silver “330 metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 3 10 c9md 0 signet ring a special ring that could be used to imprint the king’s official seal on a proclamation
EST 3 11 sz4b figs-activepassive 0 I will see that the money is given back to you The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “I will return the money to you” or 2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 11 sz4b figs-activepassive 0 I will see that the money is given back to you The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) “I will return the money to you” or (2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 12 hx6c figs-activepassive 0 the king’s scribes were summoned…a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king summoned his scribes…they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 12 t6qa translate-hebrewmonths 0 thirteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 12 th6l 0 king’s provincial governors “governors of the provinces.” Translate “province” as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ EST 8 14 b69j figs-idiom 0 They went without delay “Without delay” here is
EST 8 14 s4qi translate-names 0 Susa This is the city where the king’s palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 8 15 eqc4 figs-metonymy 0 the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced The “city” represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 15 i1ec figs-hendiadys 0 shouted and rejoiced The word “rejoiced” tells how they shouted. Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 8 16 q2ru figs-metaphor 0 had light and gladness Possible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 16 n94u figs-explicit 0 honor Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or 2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 16 q2ru figs-metaphor 0 had light and gladness Possible meanings are that (1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or (2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 16 n94u figs-explicit 0 honor Possible meanings are that (1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or (2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 17 k1eh 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST 8 17 va7t figs-metaphor 0 wherever the king’s decree reached Reaching places represents going to places. Alternate translation: “wherever the king’s men took his decree” or “wherever the king’s decree was read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 17 p89m 0 holiday day on which people celebrate special events

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
117 EST 2 18 n3vx 0 royal generosity “generosity that only a king can give”
118 EST 2 19 g38f 0 when the virgins had been gathered together a second time It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written.
119 EST 2 19 p842 translate-numbers 0 a second time “one more time” or “an additional time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
120 EST 2 19 a23f 0 Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate Possible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) “sitting at the king’s gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king. Possible meanings are (1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or (2) “sitting at the king’s gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king.
121 EST 2 19 i8in 0 the king’s gate “the gate to the king’s palace”
122 EST 2 20 fb39 0 as Mordecai had instructed her Mordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family.
123 EST 2 21 vi16 writing-newevent 0 In those days This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
152 EST 3 9 eh3w figs-synecdoche 0 I will weigh out…into the hands of those Here “hands” stands for the men. To “weigh out” is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate translation: “I will pay…to the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
153 EST 3 9 lhv5 translate-bmoney 0 ten thousand talents of silver “330 metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
154 EST 3 10 c9md 0 signet ring a special ring that could be used to imprint the king’s official seal on a proclamation
155 EST 3 11 sz4b figs-activepassive 0 I will see that the money is given back to you The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “I will return the money to you” or 2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) “I will return the money to you” or (2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156 EST 3 12 hx6c figs-activepassive 0 the king’s scribes were summoned…a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king summoned his scribes…they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
157 EST 3 12 t6qa translate-hebrewmonths 0 thirteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
158 EST 3 12 th6l 0 king’s provincial governors “governors of the provinces.” Translate “province” as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
316 EST 8 14 s4qi translate-names 0 Susa This is the city where the king’s palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
317 EST 8 15 eqc4 figs-metonymy 0 the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced The “city” represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318 EST 8 15 i1ec figs-hendiadys 0 shouted and rejoiced The word “rejoiced” tells how they shouted. Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
319 EST 8 16 q2ru figs-metaphor 0 had light and gladness Possible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that (1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or (2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320 EST 8 16 n94u figs-explicit 0 honor Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or 2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are that (1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or (2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
321 EST 8 17 k1eh 0 province A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
322 EST 8 17 va7t figs-metaphor 0 wherever the king’s decree reached Reaching places represents going to places. Alternate translation: “wherever the king’s men took his decree” or “wherever the king’s decree was read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323 EST 8 17 p89m 0 holiday day on which people celebrate special events

134
en_tn_18-JOB.tsv
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JOB front intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Job<br><br>1. Job is introduced (1:1–2:13)<br>- Job is blameless and wealthy (1:1–5)<br>- Yahweh allows Satan to test Job (1:6–2:10)<br>1. Three friends speak to Job (3:1–14:22)<br>- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar<br>- Job replies to each<br>1. They speak to him again (15:1–21:34)<br>- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar<br>- Job replies to each<br>1. They speak a third time (22:1–31:40)<br>- Eliphaz and Bildad<br>- Job replies to each<br>1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)<br>1. Yahweh answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)<br>1. Job is humbled before Yahweh (42:1–6)<br>1. Yahweh rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (42:7–9)<br>1. Yahweh prospers Job again (42:10–17)<br><br>### What is the Book of Job about?<br><br>The Book of Job is about a man named Job who experienced disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. Job speaks with three friends and asks why Yahweh lets him experience trials and losses. The book teaches that we cannot understand all of Yahweh’s ways, and when we suffer, it is more important to trust Yahweh than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word “job.” Translators might use the traditional title of “The Book of Job” or just “Job.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Job” or “The Book About a Man Named Job.”<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Job?<br><br>We do not know who wrote the Book of Job. Many people suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but it may have been written after the time of Moses.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Does sin cause suffering?<br><br>When a person sins against Yahweh, it can cause the person to experience suffering. People in the ancient Near East generally believed that a person suffered because they or their ancestors sinned against God. This is what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he or she has not sinned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job’s friends?<br><br>Job 2:11 refers to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar as the friends of Job. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that Job believed was not true. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as “friends.” They did care about Job and they wanted to help him. However, what they said did not help Job because they did not understand the truth about God.<br><br>### When did the events in the Book of Job take place?<br><br>We do not know when the events in the Book of Job took place. It seems to be set around the time of Abraham and Isaac in the Book of Genesis. However, some verses are similar to ones in the Books of Proverbs and Isaiah, which are set much later.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What style of writing is in the Book of Job?<br><br>The writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in narrative form. He wrote the other parts in poetry form. In the ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.<br><br>### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?<br><br>The Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books.<br>
JOB 1 intro lym1 0 # Job 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wealth<br>Job is very rich. During his time, a man’s wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Feasts<br>Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh’s provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Job’s faith<br>Satan believes that Job’s faith is based on Yahweh’s blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job’s life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
JOB 1 1 k5g4 translate-names 0 land of Uz Possible locations are 1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 1 1 k5g4 translate-names 0 land of Uz Possible locations are (1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or (2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 1 1 r5aj figs-doublet 0 blameless and upright The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 1 1 qj15 0 one who feared God “one who honored God”
JOB 1 1 y3ar figs-metaphor 0 turned from evil Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. Alternate translation: “refused to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ JOB 4 2 knx6 0 will you be impatient? “will that annoy you?”
JOB 4 2 n3sr figs-rquestion 0 But who can stop himself from speaking? Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. Alternate translation: “No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)” or “I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief).” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 4 3 piw1 figs-parallelism 0 See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 4 3 fe8q figs-metonymy 0 you have strengthened weak hands Here “weak hands” represents people who need help. Alternate translation: “you have helped others when they needed help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 4 4 lvl1 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 4 4 lvl1 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize (1) the support that Job has given others in the past, (2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and (3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 4 4 tqj5 figs-metaphor 0 supported Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 4 4 fnd5 figs-metaphor 0 falling Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 4 4 c21w figs-metaphor 0 you have made feeble knees firm Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ JOB 4 17 qqw3 figs-rquestion 0 Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? Eli
JOB 4 17 hw7d figs-rquestion 0 Can a man be more pure than his Maker? This question has the same purpose as the previous question. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be more pure than his Maker.” or “A man cannot be pure before his Maker.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 4 17 r4a7 0 his Maker “his Creator”
JOB 4 19 x3pk figs-metaphor 0 those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 4 19 r4dq figs-metaphor 0 who are crushed sooner than a moth Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or 2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 4 19 r4dq figs-metaphor 0 who are crushed sooner than a moth Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or (2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 4 20 ajf2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 4 20 m44u figs-metaphor 0 Between morning and evening they are destroyed This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 4 20 znp6 figs-activepassive 0 they are destroyed This may also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ JOB 6 5 vas3 figs-rquestion 0 Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has
JOB 6 5 h1b2 0 bray the sound a donkey makes
JOB 6 5 i2r2 0 low the sound an ox makes
JOB 6 5 tbl2 0 fodder animal food
JOB 6 6 l3sd figs-metaphor 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Possible meanings are 1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or 2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 6 6 l3sd figs-metaphor 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Possible meanings are (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 6 6 cg4r figs-rquestion 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 6 xfj2 figs-activepassive 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Can you eat that which has no taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 7 r1x2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ JOB 6 13 lg48 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not true that I have no help in myself…m
JOB 6 13 h5wf figs-activepassive 0 wisdom has been driven out of me “my success has been taken from me.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my wisdom is gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 14 e6e6 figs-activepassive 0 To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 14 s4yi figs-metaphor 0 who is about to faint This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. Alternate translation: “who feels hopeless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 6 14 naj8 0 even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty “even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” Possible meanings are 1) the faint person does not fear God or 2) his friend does not fear God.
JOB 6 14 naj8 0 even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty “even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” Possible meanings are (1) the faint person does not fear God or (2) his friend does not fear God.
JOB 6 15 p13y figs-simile 0 But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a “wadi” which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his “brothers.” Alternate translation: “But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 6 15 l6xj figs-simile 0 as channels of water that pass away to nothing “like streams of water that dry up.” Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 6 16 pnp2 figs-parallelism 0 which are darkened because of ice over them…and because of the snow that hides itself in them These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. Alternate translation: “which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ JOB 7 4 sf4y figs-rquestion 0 When will I get up and when will the night be gon
JOB 7 4 m4sv 0 tossing to and fro “turning back and forth.” This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest.
JOB 7 5 sh53 figs-metaphor 0 My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 7 5 l429 figs-synecdoche 0 My flesh This represents his whole body. Alternate translation: “My body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 5 lry5 0 clods of dust Possible meanings are 1) lumps or crusts of dirt or 2) scabs on the skin.
JOB 7 5 lry5 0 clods of dust Possible meanings are (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin.
JOB 7 5 we79 0 dissolve and run afresh “break out again”
JOB 7 6 iar8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job’s sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 7 6 tf2g figs-simile 0 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver’s shuttle. Alternate translation: “My life goes by very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ JOB 7 18 cdq5 0 observe him “carefully examine him”
JOB 7 19 eb8v figs-parallelism 0 How long will it be…swallow down my own saliva? Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. Alternate translation: “Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 19 ts1s 0 saliva liquid produced in people’s mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food
JOB 7 20 wwv1 figs-rquestion 0 Even if I have sinned…burden for you? Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. Alternate translation: “Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 21 gzz5 figs-parallelism 0 Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: 1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity.” or 2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 21 gzz5 figs-parallelism 0 Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: (1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity.” or (2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 21 ek8a 0 take away “remove”
JOB 7 21 yf7g figs-metonymy 0 now will I lie down in the dust The phrase “lie down in the dust” is a metonym that represents dying. Alternate translation: “now I will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 7 21 uz1p 0 I will not exist “I will not be here” or “I will be gone”
@ -454,9 +454,9 @@ JOB 8 15 r6mq figs-litotes 0 it will not support him This negative statement em
JOB 8 15 s164 figs-litotes 0 it does not stand This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it will fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB 8 16 zn7y figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: Here pronouns “he” and “his” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB 8 16 x5ph figs-metaphor 0 Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 16 d31w 0 Under the sun he is green The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he is healthy during the day or 2) he is watered before the sun rises.
JOB 8 16 d31w 0 Under the sun he is green The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) he is healthy during the day or (2) he is watered before the sun rises.
JOB 8 17 i19y figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB 8 17 cty7 figs-parallelism 0 His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone…they look for good places among the rocks These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or 2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 17 cty7 figs-parallelism 0 His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone…they look for good places among the rocks These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or (2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 18 qe8b figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronouns “his” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB 8 18 ib86 figs-activepassive 0 if this person is destroyed out of his place This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone pulls him out of his place” or “if a gardener tears him out of the garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 8 18 tq8v 0 his place “the rocky ground” or “the garden”
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ JOB 9 2 e369 0 I truly know that this is so “I know that what you say is tru
JOB 9 2 a9ku 0 this is so Here the word “this” refers to what Bildad said.
JOB 9 2 r4pi 0 how can a person be in the right with God? “how can anyone be innocent before God?”
JOB 9 3 a6um 0 argue dispute
JOB 9 3 el71 figs-idiom 0 he cannot answer him once in a thousand times “Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” Possible meanings are 1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or 2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 9 3 el71 figs-idiom 0 he cannot answer him once in a thousand times “Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” Possible meanings are (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 9 3 t9fi 0 a thousand times “1,000 times”
JOB 9 4 mh8a figs-metonymy 0 wise in heart Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. Alternate translation: “wise in what he decides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 9 4 f7rj figs-abstractnouns 0 mighty in strength The abstract noun “strength” can be expressed as the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -602,9 +602,9 @@ JOB 10 15 yg3e 0 I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction Another possibl
JOB 10 15 amu8 0 I am filled with disgrace “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore”
JOB 10 15 fs2u 0 disgrace shame
JOB 10 15 bu5t figs-abstractnouns 0 see my affliction The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated using the verb “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings are 1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or 2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings are (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 10 16 ya75 figs-idiom 0 If my head were lifted up This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are 1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or 2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 10 16 yj7r figs-irony 0 again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB 10 17 u754 figs-metaphor 0 You bring new witnesses against me Job’s troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 10 17 di4r figs-abstractnouns 0 increase your anger against me The abstract noun “anger” can be translated as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ JOB 11 2 ua2s figs-rquestion 0 Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? Z
JOB 11 3 kgu1 figs-rquestion 0 Should your boasting make others remain silent? Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. Alternate translation: “Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 3 s3am figs-rquestion 0 When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed? Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. You may need to make explicit what it is that Job is mocking. Alternate translation: “You have mocked us for what we have said. Now we will make you feel ashamed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 11 4 k2le 0 My beliefs are pure “My understanding is correct”
JOB 11 4 e56u figs-metaphor 0 I am blameless in your eyes The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. Possible meanings are 1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or 2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 11 4 e56u figs-metaphor 0 I am blameless in your eyes The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. Possible meanings are (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 11 5 ii56 figs-metonymy 0 that God would speak…open his lips against you The words “open his lips” are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar’s desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 11 6 ca7p figs-explicit 0 that he would show…secrets of wisdom What the “secrets of wisdom” are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 11 6 qjk2 figs-metaphor 0 God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. Alternate translation: “God is punishing you less than you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ JOB 11 8 n8yi figs-explicit 0 The matter This refers to understanding God. Alte
JOB 11 8 jhq3 figs-parallelism 0 is as high as heaven…deeper than Sheol The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. Alternate translation: “is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven…is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 11 8 y9sp figs-rquestion 0 what can you do? Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot do anything.” or “you cannot understand him fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 8 hb95 figs-rquestion 0 what can you know? Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot know God fully.” or “you cannot know all there is to know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 9 i9xz 0 Its measure Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) God’s greatness or 2) the greatness of God’s wisdom.
JOB 11 9 i9xz 0 Its measure Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom.
JOB 11 9 z6cv figs-metaphor 0 is longer than the earth…wider than the sea God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 11 10 y4fx 0 If he…shuts anyone up “If God…shuts anyone up in prison”
JOB 11 10 d1jn figs-abstractnouns 0 if he calls anyone to judgment The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -693,21 +693,21 @@ JOB 12 13 tw4v figs-abstractnouns 0 With God are wisdom and might The abstract
JOB 12 14 aq2d 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JOB 12 14 v1pt figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be built again This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 12 14 c4eb figs-abstractnouns 0 if he imprisons someone, there can be no release The abstract noun “release” can be expressed with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 12 15 pl3c figs-metaphor 0 if he withholds the waters, they dry up Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents 1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or 2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 15 rel2 figs-metaphor 0 if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning 1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or 2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 15 pl3c figs-metaphor 0 if he withholds the waters, they dry up Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 15 rel2 figs-metaphor 0 if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 16 gqf6 figs-abstractnouns 0 With him are strength and wisdom The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 12 16 uuh8 0 people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others”
JOB 12 17 lk8b figs-metaphor 0 He leads counselors away barefoot Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 17 ux12 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow The abstract noun “sorrow” can be expressed with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 12 17 uu39 0 he turns judges into fools “he makes judges become foolish”
JOB 12 18 w5lc figs-metonymy 0 He takes off the chain of authority from kings Possible meanings are that 1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or 2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 12 18 w5lc figs-metonymy 0 He takes off the chain of authority from kings Possible meanings are that (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 12 18 p4c4 figs-metonymy 0 he wraps a cloth about their waists This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 12 19 mkn4 figs-metaphor 0 He leads priests away barefoot Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 19 wut2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow The abstract noun “sorrow” can be expressed with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 12 19 ch3f 0 overthrows mighty people “defeats powerful people”
JOB 12 20 g3na figs-metonymy 0 He removes the speech of those who had been trusted Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 12 20 dk1e figs-metonymy 0 takes away the understanding of the elders Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 12 20 gm4d 0 the elders Possible meanings are 1) the older people or 2) the leaders.
JOB 12 20 gm4d 0 the elders Possible meanings are (1) the older people or (2) the leaders.
JOB 12 21 l74e figs-metaphor 0 He pours contempt upon princes Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. Alternate translation: “He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 21 k6sg figs-metaphor 0 unfastens the belt of strong people The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person’s belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. Alternate translation: “makes the strong people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 12 22 c31p figs-metaphor 0 He reveals the deep things of darkness Revealing things represents making them known. “Deep things from darkness” represent secrets that people do not know. Alternate translation: “He makes known secrets that people do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -741,11 +741,11 @@ JOB 13 9 gk9j figs-rquestion 0 Could you deceive him as you might deceive men?
JOB 13 10 ecs9 0 reprove you “rebuke you”
JOB 13 10 g5lz 0 if in secret you showed partiality “if you secretly show favor to another.” Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another.
JOB 13 11 bx5e 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB 13 11 j11v figs-rquestion 0 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. Possible meanings are 1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or 2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 13 11 j11v figs-rquestion 0 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. Possible meanings are (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 13 11 e6x9 figs-metaphor 0 and the dread of him fall upon you Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 12 s8ny figs-metaphor 0 Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 12 brf8 figs-metaphor 0 your defenses are defenses made of clay Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 12 pt19 0 your defenses Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) what they say to defend themselves or 2) what they say to defend God.
JOB 13 12 pt19 0 your defenses Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God.
JOB 13 13 ygn9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB 13 13 i6h6 figs-idiom 0 Hold your peace This is an idiom meaning “Be quiet” or “Stop talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 13 13 wau3 figs-idiom 0 let me alone This is an idiom that means “stop bothering me” or “stop hindering me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -774,10 +774,10 @@ JOB 13 24 i7qi figs-metaphor 0 you hide your face from me Hiding one’s face f
JOB 13 25 xm7f figs-rquestion 0 Will you persecute…pursue dry stubble? Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. “Leaf” and “stubble” are metaphors describing Job’s weakness, insignificance and frailty. Alternate translation: “You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 26 ta4y 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes presenting his case to God.
JOB 13 26 h6dc figs-metaphor 0 For you write down bitter things against me “Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 26 bc79 figs-metaphor 0 you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents 1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or 2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 26 bc79 figs-metaphor 0 you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 26 l6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 the iniquities of my youth The abstract noun “youth” can be translated with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 13 27 l4hh figs-metaphor 0 You also put my feet in the stocks Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 27 lk93 0 the stocks Possible meanings are 1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or 2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.
JOB 13 27 lk93 0 the stocks Possible meanings are (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.
JOB 13 27 v659 figs-metaphor 0 all my paths “Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 27 x3kd figs-synecdoche 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate translation: “you examine the ground where I have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 13 27 l15n figs-metaphor 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: “it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked” or “you examine everything I do like a person examining someone’s footprints on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ JOB 14 19 usl5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the hope of man The abstract noun “hopes
JOB 14 20 lnf7 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God.
JOB 14 20 q4my 0 You always defeat him The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people”
JOB 14 20 uah1 figs-euphemism 0 he passes away Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different.
JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face Possible meanings are (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different.
JOB 14 20 lq7f figs-metaphor 0 send him away to die This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 21 m7cw figs-metaphor 0 if they are brought low Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
@ -849,9 +849,9 @@ JOB 15 2 mw8h figs-rquestion 0 Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge
JOB 15 2 hd46 figs-metaphor 0 fill himself with the east wind The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 2 h768 0 the east wind “hot air” or “the desert wind”
JOB 15 3 mka2 figs-rquestion 0 Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 4 kfj8 0 you diminish respect for God Possible meanings are 1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or 2) “you are no longer respecting God.”
JOB 15 4 kfj8 0 you diminish respect for God Possible meanings are (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.”
JOB 15 4 k1xg 0 diminish make smaller
JOB 15 4 fz3c 0 you obstruct devotion to him Possible meanings are 1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or 2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.”
JOB 15 4 fz3c 0 you obstruct devotion to him Possible meanings are (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.”
JOB 15 4 f5pv 0 obstruct block someone’s path
JOB 15 4 p5a3 0 devotion to “meditation on” or “concern for”
JOB 15 5 t4nv figs-personification 0 your iniquity teaches your mouth This describes “iniquity” as if it were a teacher and Job’s mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. Alternate translation: “your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student” or “it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ JOB 15 20 s474 figs-idiom 0 that are laid up This is an idiom. Alternate transl
JOB 15 21 fj8p 0 A sound of terrors is in his ears “He constantly hears sounds that terrify him”
JOB 15 22 ep91 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](../15/20.md).
JOB 15 22 i3pk figs-idiom 0 return out of darkness Here “darkness” is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. Alternate translation: “escape misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 15 22 lh1i figs-metonymy 0 the sword waits for him Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. Possible meanings are 1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or 2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 15 22 lh1i figs-metonymy 0 the sword waits for him Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. Possible meanings are (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 15 23 k4qm figs-synecdoche 0 for bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 15 23 ul3l figs-idiom 0 the day of darkness This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the day of disaster” or “the moment of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 15 23 gu8g figs-idiom 0 is at hand This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “is coming soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1165,17 +1165,17 @@ JOB 19 24 gz9c 0 an iron pen “an iron chisel.” This was a tool used for wr
JOB 19 24 nd22 0 lead Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer.
JOB 19 25 b73i 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 25 q57z 0 my Redeemer “My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice.
JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. Possible meanings are 1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or 2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin…is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) his body being destroyed by disease or 2) his body decaying after he has died.
JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. Possible meanings are (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin…is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died.
JOB 19 26 p2pl figs-metonymy 0 in my flesh I will see God His flesh represents his body, and “in my flesh” represents being alive. Alternate translation: “while I live in my body, I will see God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 27 m1wt figs-synecdoche 0 my own eyes—I, and not someone else The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 19 27 c3pc figs-metaphor 0 My heart fails within me People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me Possible meanings are that 1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or 2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me Possible meanings are that (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 28 c2c8 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. Possible meanings are 1) that they will certainly persecute Job or 2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. Possible meanings are (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB 19 28 ddd3 figs-metaphor 0 The root of his troubles lies in him The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents 1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or 2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” Possible meanings are that 1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or 2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” Possible meanings are that (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 19 29 yy9j 0 brings “causes” or “results in”
JOB 19 29 n1i1 figs-abstractnouns 0 there is a judgment The abstract noun “judgment” can be expressed with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zophar’s advice<br>Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God’s punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ JOB 20 14 zrn4 figs-metaphor 0 it becomes the poison of asps inside him This im
JOB 20 14 lnj1 0 asps poisonous snakes
JOB 20 15 zpd6 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 15 hs62 figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches…cast them out of his stomach Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. Alternate translation: “The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 15 r51k figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches Possible meanings are that “swallows down riches” represents 1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or 2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 15 r51k figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches Possible meanings are that “swallows down riches” represents (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 15 t47g figs-metonymy 0 God will cast them out of his stomach Here “cast them out of his stomach” is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 15 iu2m 0 cast throw
JOB 20 16 l7yk figs-metaphor 0 He will suck the poison of asps Here “suck the poison of asps” represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. Alternate translation: “Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps” or “He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ JOB 20 26 w5yg figs-metaphor 0 Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures
JOB 20 26 syj5 figs-metaphor 0 a fire not fanned will devour him Here “devour” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not fanned will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 26 w47r figs-explicit 0 a fire not fanned will devour him The phrase “not fanned” implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him” or “God will cause a fire to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 20 26 qsw9 figs-metaphor 0 it will consume Here “consume” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “the fire will destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 27 v1vg figs-metonymy 0 The heavens…the earth Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 20 27 v1vg figs-metonymy 0 The heavens…the earth Possible meanings are: (1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or (2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 20 28 pfc3 0 General Information: This concludes Zophar’s speech to Job.
JOB 20 28 u2v7 0 vanish disappear
JOB 20 28 r6s5 figs-metaphor 0 his goods will flow away on Here “flow away” represents being taken away from him. Alternate translation: “his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood, on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ JOB 21 3 x7gy 0 Put up with me “Allow me” or “Be patient with me”
JOB 21 3 w3a4 figs-irony 0 mock on “you can continue mocking me.” Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 21 4 ztr6 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB 21 4 d6w5 figs-rquestion 0 As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. Alternate translation: “I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 21 5 lu7q translate-symaction 0 lay your hand upon your mouth “cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that 1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or 2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 21 5 lu7q translate-symaction 0 lay your hand upon your mouth “cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that (1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or (2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 21 6 f8uu 0 trembling seizes my body “fear causes my body to tremble” or “I shake with fear”
JOB 21 7 suz1 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB 21 7 i446 figs-rquestion 0 Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. Alternate translation: “Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ JOB 21 21 rky2 figs-euphemism 0 the number of his months is cut off This is a p
JOB 21 21 m58j 0 the number of his months This refers to the length of his life.
JOB 21 22 yte9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends.
JOB 21 22 ail2 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. Alternate translation: “Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 21 22 x9p8 0 those who are high Possible meanings are 1) “those who are in heaven” or 2) “powerful people.”
JOB 21 22 x9p8 0 those who are high Possible meanings are (1) “those who are in heaven” or (2) “powerful people.”
JOB 21 23 krv3 figs-explicit 0 One man dies in his full strength Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](../21/25.md). You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If there are two men, one may die in his full strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 21 24 mli3 figs-parallelism 0 His body is full of milk…the marrow of his bones is moist Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 21 24 sa7q figs-idiom 0 His body is full of milk The word for “milk” may mean “fat.” Either rendering means he is well-fed. Alternate translation: “His body if full of fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ JOB 22 30 wrz4 0 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be
JOB 23 intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
JOB 23 2 fi9s 0 Even today my complaint is bitter Here “Even today” emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job’s situation at all. Alternate translation: “In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter”
JOB 23 2 ke1p figs-idiom 0 my complaint is bitter Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. Alternate translation: “my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 23 2 cm2j figs-metonymy 0 my hand…heavy because of my groaning Possible meanings are 1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or 2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 23 2 cm2j figs-metonymy 0 my hand…heavy because of my groaning Possible meanings are (1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or (2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 23 3 k3e2 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking.
JOB 23 3 pn2b figs-parallelism 0 Oh, that I knew where…Oh, that I might come These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 23 3 rpr9 0 I might find him “I might find God”
@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ JOB 23 15 n27i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Each of these verses has
JOB 23 15 sw44 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking.
JOB 23 16 p6ma figs-parallelism 0 For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 23 16 d4fw figs-idiom 0 made my heart weak A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. Alternate translation: “made me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 23 17 dng4 figs-explicit 0 I have not been brought to an end by darkness This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or 2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 23 17 dng4 figs-explicit 0 I have not been brought to an end by darkness This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or (2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 23 17 qpa8 figs-synecdoche 0 the gloom of my face Here Job refers to himself by his “face.” Alternate translation: “my sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 24 intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
JOB 24 1 mg7h 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking.
@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ JOB 24 11 mr4m figs-synecdoche 0 within the walls of those wicked men Here “w
JOB 24 11 z8b4 figs-explicit 0 they tread the wicked men’s winepresses It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. Alternate translation: “they tread on grapes to make juice for wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 24 11 a1m7 0 they themselves suffer thirst “they suffer from thirst” or “they are thirsty”
JOB 24 13 m581 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking.
JOB 24 13 dl4e figs-metaphor 0 rebel against the light Possible meanings of “light” are 1) visible light or 2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 24 13 dl4e figs-metaphor 0 rebel against the light Possible meanings of “light” are (1) visible light or (2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 24 13 djk4 figs-metaphor 0 they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. Alternate translation: “they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 24 14 u116 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy people The words “poor” and “needy” refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 24 14 d2ft figs-simile 0 he is like a thief The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. Alternate translation: “he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@ JOB 27 19 la2p 0 He lies down in bed rich “He is wealthy when he lies down i
JOB 27 19 i6ex 0 but he will not keep doing so “but he will not keep lying down in bed rich” or “but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed”
JOB 27 19 b9sa figs-metonymy 0 he opens his eyes Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “he wakes up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 27 19 x5lq 0 everything is gone “all of his riches are gone” or “everything has vanished”
JOB 27 20 ul69 0 Terrors overtake him Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that “terrors” is a metonym for 1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or 2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified”
JOB 27 20 ul69 0 Terrors overtake him Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that “terrors” is a metonym for (1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or (2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified”
JOB 27 20 zw56 figs-simile 0 like waters The word “waters” refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. Alternate translation: “like a flood” or “like waters that rise up suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 27 20 l3kn 0 a storm takes him away “a violent wind blows him away”
JOB 27 21 l4at figs-personification 0 it sweeps him out of his place Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. Alternate translation: “the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house” or “the wind easily blows him out of his place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ JOB 28 4 kp1m 0 shaft a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People g
JOB 28 4 hz3j figs-personification 0 places that are forgotten by anyone’s foot The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. Alternate translation: “places where people no longer walk” or “where no one ever walks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 28 4 yed2 figs-explicit 0 He hangs far away from people How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 28 5 r3d3 figs-synecdoche 0 the earth, out of which comes bread Here “bread” represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate translation: “the earth, where food grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 5 p8vk 0 it is turned up below as if by fire Possible meanings are that 1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or 2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire”
JOB 28 5 p8vk 0 it is turned up below as if by fire Possible meanings are that (1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or (2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire”
JOB 28 5 mha5 0 it is turned The word “it” refers to the earth.
JOB 28 6 c4dw 0 Its stones…its dust The word “its” refers to the earth.
JOB 28 6 lw93 0 sapphires a rare and valuable blue gemstone
@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ JOB 28 11 c3wt 0 what is hidden there This refers to things that people normal
JOB 28 12 n9fd figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 12 k2hz figs-parallelism 0 Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 28 12 bcr2 figs-metaphor 0 Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 13 drv1 figs-metaphor 0 Man does not know its price Possible meanings are 1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or 2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 13 drv1 figs-metaphor 0 Man does not know its price Possible meanings are (1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or (2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 13 z9ip figs-activepassive 0 neither is it found in the land of the living “and it is not found in the land of the living.” The “land of the living” refers to this world where people live. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and no one can find wisdom in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 28 14 xi4c figs-personification 0 The deep waters…say, ‘It is not in me’; the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 28 15 h4ty figs-explicit 0 It cannot be gotten for gold This can be stated in active form. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. Alternate translation: “People cannot pay for wisdom with gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ JOB 28 21 j3u4 figs-activepassive 0 is kept hidden from the birds of the heaven
JOB 28 22 y7e5 figs-personification 0 Destruction and Death say Here “Destruction” and “Death” are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 28 23 qlj3 figs-metaphor 0 God understands the way to it; he knows its place Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. Alternate translation: “God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 24 q6zd 0 the very ends of the earth “the farthest places on the earth”
JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding 1) how much rain should be in each cloud or 2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 26 qy1s 0 a path for the thunder “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm”
JOB 28 28 l4bu figs-abstractnouns 0 See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom The abstract noun “fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with the word “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 28 28 m7dq figs-metaphor 0 to depart from evil is understanding Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1702,10 +1702,10 @@ JOB 30 2 dkd7 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands,
JOB 30 2 n58x figs-metaphor 0 men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 3 b5gi 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers.
JOB 30 3 i6mn figs-abstractnouns 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The abstract noun “poverty” can be expressed with the word “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground Possible meanings are that 1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or 2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground Possible meanings are that (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 4 dz4r 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
JOB 30 4 lbt6 0 saltwort…bushes’ leaves…the roots of the broom tree These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.
JOB 30 4 c9mn 0 the roots of the broom tree were their food Possible meanings are 1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or 2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees.
JOB 30 4 c9mn 0 the roots of the broom tree were their food Possible meanings are (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees.
JOB 30 5 k9yz figs-activepassive 0 They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as…a thief The phrase “were driven out” means “were forced to leave.” These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people shouted after them as…a thief and forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 30 5 lwr2 0 shouted after them as one would shout after a thief “shouted at them as though they were thieves”
JOB 30 7 f7j8 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ JOB 30 7 dmg5 0 they gathered together under the nettles “Nettles” are bus
JOB 30 8 i8tx figs-metaphor 0 They were the sons of fools Here “were the sons of fools” represents having the characteristics fools. Alternate translation: “They were like fools” or “they were fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 8 h66q figs-metaphor 0 indeed, sons of nameless people The word “indeed” shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here “sons of nameless people” represents having the characteristics of nameless people. Alternate translation: “indeed, they were nameless people” or “indeed, they were worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 8 juk5 figs-metaphor 0 nameless people Here being “nameless” represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. Alternate translation: “worthless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 8 wl4w figs-metonymy 0 They were driven out of the land with whips This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or 2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 8 wl4w figs-metonymy 0 They were driven out of the land with whips This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 8 r31i 0 They were driven out of the land Here “the land” refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness.
JOB 30 9 krm8 0 Connecting Statement: Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him.
JOB 30 9 v6wt figs-abstractnouns 0 But now I have become the subject of their taunting song The abstract noun “song” can be expressed with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1725,7 +1725,7 @@ JOB 30 11 pll3 0 those who taunt me “those who mock me”
JOB 30 11 sq6d figs-metaphor 0 cast off restraint before my face A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here “restraint” represents refraining from doing something, and “cast off restraint” represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. Alternate translation: “do not refrain from being cruel to me” or “do whatever cruel things they want to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 30 12 u9wm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 12 l5wg 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.
JOB 30 12 z8g5 figs-metonymy 0 Upon my right hand rise the rabble “the rabble rise upon my right hand.” Possible meanings are 1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or 2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 12 z8g5 figs-metonymy 0 Upon my right hand rise the rabble “the rabble rise upon my right hand.” Possible meanings are (1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or (2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 12 bxs3 0 they drive me away “they force me to run away”
JOB 30 12 tdu8 figs-metaphor 0 pile up against me their siege mounds Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city’s wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. Alternate translation: “prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 13 sv3y figs-metaphor 0 They destroy my path This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. Alternate translation: “They prevent me from escaping from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ JOB 30 14 su1s figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Job speaks about the mocker
JOB 30 14 p4jw 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.
JOB 30 14 b1fx figs-simile 0 They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 30 14 g1ji figs-metaphor 0 they roll themselves in on me This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 15 su3j figs-metaphor 0 Terrors are turned upon me Possible meanings are 1) Job has become terrified or 2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 15 su3j figs-metaphor 0 Terrors are turned upon me Possible meanings are (1) Job has become terrified or (2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 15 y58l figs-simile 0 my honor is driven away as if by the wind Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. Alternate translation: “Nobody honors me” or “I am now a person that people do not honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 30 15 qzd6 figs-simile 0 my prosperity passes away as a cloud Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here “prosperity” may refer to well-being or safety. Alternate translation: “I no longer prosper at all” or “I am no longer safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 30 16 vq4c figs-metaphor 0 Now my life is pouring out from within me Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. Alternate translation: “Now I am dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1743,8 +1743,8 @@ JOB 30 16 yd79 figs-personification 0 many days of suffering have laid hold on
JOB 30 17 s5h2 figs-metaphor 0 my bones in me are pierced Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. Alternate translation: “my bones ache terribly” or “I have sharp pain in my bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 17 q849 figs-personification 0 the pains that gnaw at me take no rest Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. Alternate translation: “the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop” or “I am in constant pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 30 18 x296 figs-metonymy 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing Job speaks of God using his force as if God’s force were actually doing something. Here “God’s…force” stands for “God.” Alternate translation: “God has seized my clothing by his great force” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 18 wpi4 figs-metaphor 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or 2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 18 tm94 figs-metaphor 0 it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or 2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 18 wpi4 figs-metaphor 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 18 tm94 figs-metaphor 0 it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 19 aa4h figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown me into the mud Job says that God has humiliated him. Alternate translation: “It is as though he has thrown me in the mud” or “He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 19 m43k figs-simile 0 I have become like dust and ashes This represents Job’s feeling of being worthless. Alternate translation: “I have become as worthless as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 30 21 k1ga 0 cruel This word means unkind.
@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ JOB 31 1 ka6e figs-metaphor 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes Job speaks of
JOB 31 1 af9x figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” or “I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 31 1 sxi9 figs-rquestion 0 how then should I look with desire on a virgin? Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. Alternate translation: “So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 2 p7x8 figs-metaphor 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Job speaks of God’s response to people’s behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. Alternate translation: “For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 31 2 ygr6 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize 1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or 2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 2 ygr6 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 3 ia4n 0 General Information: Job continues speaking.
JOB 31 4 vf6m figs-metaphor 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Here “my ways” and “my steps” are metaphors for Job’s behavior. Here “see my ways” and “count all my steps” are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. Alternate translation: “Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 4 n2eh figs-explicit 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1793,7 +1793,7 @@ JOB 31 8 xs19 figs-activepassive 0 let my crops be uprooted This can be stated
JOB 31 9 n6g7 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 9 p1yn figs-synecdoche 0 If my heart has been deceived by a woman Here “my heart” represents Job. Here the word “deceived” expresses the idea of “enticed.” The word “woman” expresses the idea of “another man’s wife.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If another man’s wife has enticed me” or “If I have desired another man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 9 rs8z figs-explicit 0 if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor’s door. Alternate translation: “if I have waited at my neighbor’s door so I could sleep with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 31 10 ngk5 figs-euphemism 0 then let my wife grind grain for another Possible meanings are 1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or 2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 31 10 ngk5 figs-euphemism 0 then let my wife grind grain for another Possible meanings are (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 31 11 w7dz figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 11 ds7e 0 For that would be a terrible crime The word “that” refers to Job sleeping with another woman.
JOB 31 11 h8zi figs-activepassive 0 it would be a crime to be punished by judges This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1852,7 +1852,7 @@ JOB 31 35 i9lk figs-exclamations 0 Oh, if only I had someone to hear me! This e
JOB 31 35 vmt3 figs-metaphor 0 here is my signature Here “my signature” represents Job’s promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that all I have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 35 v1vp figs-explicit 0 let the Almighty answer me! Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. Alternate translation: “let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong” or “I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 31 35 u84z 0 If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written! This expresses Job’s wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. Alternate translation: “I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written” or “If only I could read my opponent’s complaint against me”
JOB 31 35 qku3 0 my opponent Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God or 2) this refers to someone else.
JOB 31 35 qku3 0 my opponent Possible meanings are (1) this refers to God or (2) this refers to someone else.
JOB 31 36 gw5a figs-metaphor 0 Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 37 l5p7 figs-metaphor 0 I would declare to him an accounting for my steps Here “my steps” represents Job’s actions. Alternate translation: “I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done” or “I would tell him everything I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 37 mvd6 figs-simile 0 as a confident prince I would go up to him This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. Alternate translation: “I would approach him boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2058,7 +2058,7 @@ JOB 35 intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>
JOB 35 2 s9jw figs-rquestion 0 Do you think this is just…‘My right before God’? Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. Alternate translation: “You must think you are right…‘My right before God.’” or “It is not just…‘My right before God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 35 2 yh9l 0 Do you think this is just when you say “Do you think it is right for you to say”
JOB 35 2 g7jg figs-you 0 Do you think Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB 35 2 l3t8 0 My right before God Possible meanings are 1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or 2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right.
JOB 35 2 l3t8 0 My right before God Possible meanings are (1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or (2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right.
JOB 35 3 w8qv figs-rquestion 0 For you ask, ‘What use is it to me?’ and, ‘Would I be better off if I had sinned?’ Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. Alternate translation: “For you say, ‘It does not benefit me’ and, ‘I am no better off than if I had sinned.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 35 4 tp7p 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 35 6 t2vl 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking.
@ -2103,21 +2103,21 @@ JOB 36 12 q2nz figs-metaphor 0 they will perish by the sword Elihu speaks of a
JOB 36 13 j1gi figs-metonymy 0 who are godless in heart Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. Alternate translation: “who refuse to trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 36 13 z1u5 figs-metaphor 0 store up their anger Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. Alternate translation: “are always angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 13 a4sw figs-metaphor 0 even when God ties them up Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. Alternate translation: “even when God punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 14 ny42 0 their lives end among the cultic prostitutes Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or 2) the godless die in shame and disgrace.
JOB 36 14 ny42 0 their lives end among the cultic prostitutes Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. Possible meanings for this phrase are (1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or (2) the godless die in shame and disgrace.
JOB 36 15 wt6t figs-metaphor 0 he opens their ears Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](../36/10.md). Alternate translation: “he causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 16 h4g2 figs-metaphor 0 into a broad place where there is no hardship Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 16 qjt9 figs-metaphor 0 where your table would be set with food full of fatness Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one’s table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 16 yn9l figs-activepassive 0 your table would be set This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your servants would set your table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 36 16 pw88 figs-idiom 0 food full of fatness Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. Alternate translation: “the very best food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 36 17 ybk9 0 you are full of judgment on wicked people Possible meanings are 1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or 2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.”
JOB 36 17 ybk9 0 you are full of judgment on wicked people Possible meanings are (1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or (2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.”
JOB 36 17 ji7m figs-personification 0 judgment and justice have laid hold of you Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. Alternate translation: “God has brought you to judgment and given you justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 36 18 mp6j 0 Do not let your anger entice you to mockery Some versions of the Bible translate this as “Beware that you are not enticed by wealth.”
JOB 36 19 m4pr figs-rquestion 0 Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you? Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. Alternate translation: “Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 36 19 z8pw 0 all the force of your strength “all of your great strength” or “all of your mighty efforts”
JOB 36 20 q5v5 figs-metaphor 0 when peoples are cut off in their place Possible meanings are 1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or 2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 20 q5v5 figs-metaphor 0 when peoples are cut off in their place Possible meanings are (1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or (2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 21 qhr8 figs-activepassive 0 you are being tested by suffering This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is testing you by making you suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 36 22 c7mn 0 See, God “You know this already: God”
JOB 36 22 x4qx 0 God is exalted in his power Possible meanings are 1) “God is extremely powerful” or 2) “people exalt God because he is powerful”
JOB 36 22 x4qx 0 God is exalted in his power Possible meanings are (1) “God is extremely powerful” or (2) “people exalt God because he is powerful”
JOB 36 22 ay6d figs-rquestion 0 who is a teacher like him? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. Alternate translation: “no one is a teacher like him.” or “no one teaches like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 36 23 r88v figs-rquestion 0 Who has ever instructed him about his way? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. Alternate translation: “No one has ever instructed him about what he should do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 36 23 tz9r figs-rquestion 0 Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?’ Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. Alternate translation: “No one can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2129,8 +2129,8 @@ JOB 36 29 q3k1 figs-rquestion 0 can anyone understand the extensive spread of t
JOB 36 29 a4ve figs-abstractnouns 0 the extensive spread of the clouds The phrase “the extensive spread” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how the clouds spread across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 36 29 wh4w figs-metaphor 0 from his hut Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a “hut” in which God lives. Alternate translation: “from the sky, where God lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 30 ip5f 0 See, he spreads “Look carefully and see how he spreads”
JOB 36 30 e9es figs-metaphor 0 and covers the roots of the sea Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. Possible meanings are 1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or 2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 32 tsi9 figs-metaphor 0 He fills his hands with the lightning Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 30 e9es figs-metaphor 0 and covers the roots of the sea Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. Possible meanings are (1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or (2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 32 tsi9 figs-metaphor 0 He fills his hands with the lightning Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are (1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or (2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 36 33 k3qk 0 Its thunder “The thunder caused by the lightning” or “The thunder”
JOB 36 33 se83 0 hear it is coming “hear that the storm is coming”
JOB 37 intro ccm7 0 # Job 37 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu’s four statements, and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ JOB 37 20 fp7n figs-activepassive 0 Should he be told This can be stated in act
JOB 37 20 b2q9 figs-rquestion 0 Would a person wish to be swallowed up? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. Alternate translation: “No person would want to be swallowed up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 37 20 x2hn figs-metaphor 0 to be swallowed up Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 37 22 l64j figs-metaphor 0 over God is fearsome majesty The word “fearsome” means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God’s majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. Alternate translation: “God’s majesty causes people to fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 37 23 c4sd figs-metaphor 0 we cannot find him Possible meanings are 1) “we cannot approach him” or 2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 37 23 c4sd figs-metaphor 0 we cannot find him Possible meanings are (1) “we cannot approach him” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 37 24 n2pv figs-metonymy 0 those who are wise in their own minds Here “minds” represents the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “those who are wise in their own thinking” or “those who consider themselves to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 38 intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
JOB 38 1 b53y 0 Then Yahweh called Here, the word “then” marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: “After all that had happened, Yahweh called.
@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ JOB 38 6 i5wb figs-rquestion 0 On what were its foundations laid? This can be s
JOB 38 6 p5tv figs-rquestion 0 Who laid its cornerstone This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who laid its cornerstone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 r55l figs-rquestion 0 Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 g3kf figs-rquestion 0 when the morning stars…the sons of God shouted for joy? Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. This can be translated as a statement. “Tell me who laid its cornerstone when the morning stars…the sons of God shouted for joy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 ql8y figs-personification 0 when the morning stars sang together The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: 1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or 2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 38 7 ql8y figs-personification 0 when the morning stars sang together The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: (1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or (2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 38 7 z79e 0 the morning stars “the bright stars that shine in the morning”
JOB 38 7 j365 0 sons of God This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
JOB 38 7 x5id figs-abstractnouns 0 shouted for joy The abstract noun “joy” can be translated as the adverb “joyfully.” Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -2352,7 +2352,7 @@ JOB 39 2 txy4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you know the time when they bear their young?
JOB 39 3 sq9c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 3 uj6h 0 They crouch down The word “They” refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer.
JOB 39 3 rvs4 0 birth their young “give birth to their offspring”
JOB 39 3 n62w figs-metonymy 0 then they finish their labor pains Possible meanings are 1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or 2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 39 3 n62w figs-metonymy 0 then they finish their labor pains Possible meanings are (1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or (2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 39 4 wey9 0 the open fields “the countryside” or “the wild”
JOB 39 4 v8ps 0 do not come back again “do not come back to them” or “do not come back to their mothers”
JOB 39 5 p64r figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ JOB 39 8 t3sa 0 pastures places where animals can eat plants growing in the fi
JOB 39 9 u4vx figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 s6zs 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 9 ss2c figs-rquestion 0 Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 yl5m 0 the wild ox Possible meanings are 1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen.
JOB 39 9 yl5m 0 the wild ox Possible meanings are (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen.
JOB 39 9 f9tw 0 be happy “be willing”
JOB 39 9 v7dg figs-rquestion 0 Will he consent to stay by your manger? This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 t1u5 0 consent to stay by your manger “stay by your manger through the night”
@ -2396,7 +2396,7 @@ JOB 39 13 c9hc 0 ostrich a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot f
JOB 39 13 k698 0 wave proudly “move with joy”
JOB 39 13 b62x 0 pinions the very long feathers on the wings of birds
JOB 39 13 y8q9 0 plumage the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird
JOB 39 13 a7t4 0 of love The Hebrew word is uncertain. Possible meanings are 1) “of faithfulness” or 2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks.
JOB 39 13 a7t4 0 of love The Hebrew word is uncertain. Possible meanings are (1) “of faithfulness” or (2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks.
JOB 39 14 ix8t 0 on the earth “on the ground”
JOB 39 15 eg2i 0 crush them The word “them” refers to the eggs.
JOB 39 15 p8ek 0 trample them “step on them”
@ -2545,10 +2545,10 @@ JOB 41 21 lgl1 0 kindles coals into flame “causes coals to catch fire”
JOB 41 22 xx91 0 his…him The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan.
JOB 41 22 lw67 figs-abstractnouns 0 terror dances in front of him The abstract noun “terror” can be translated as the verb “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 41 23 uak5 figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be moved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 41 24 b1b7 figs-simile 0 His heart is as hard as a stone A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are 1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or 2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or 3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 41 24 b1b7 figs-simile 0 His heart is as hard as a stone A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 41 24 ja7y 0 a lower millstone “the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find.
JOB 41 25 u1vw 0 he…himself Leviathan
JOB 41 25 ygt1 0 the gods Possible meanings are 1) “mighty people” or 2) “very strong people” .
JOB 41 25 ygt1 0 the gods Possible meanings are (1) “mighty people” or (2) “very strong people” .
JOB 41 26 m7ws 0 strikes him strikes Leviathan
JOB 41 27 hml3 figs-simile 0 He thinks of iron as if it were straw “He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw.” Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 41 27 uu6e figs-ellipsis 0 of bronze as if it were rotten wood You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

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@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ PSA 1 3 xf3j 0 whose leaves do not wither If a tree gets enough water, its lea
PSA 1 3 c784 0 whatever he does will prosper “He will be successful at whatever he does”
PSA 1 4 g6a7 figs-explicit 0 The wicked are not so How they are not like that can be stated clearly. “The wicked are not prosperous” or “The wicked do not prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 1 4 lnx8 figs-simile 0 but are instead like the chaff How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “but instead they are worthless like the chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 1 5 atv6 figs-metaphor 0 will not stand in the judgment Possible meanings are 1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or 2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 1 5 atv6 figs-metaphor 0 will not stand in the judgment Possible meanings are (1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or (2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 1 5 va3s 0 in the judgment The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone”
PSA 1 5 x8sk figs-ellipsis 0 nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous Translators can supply the verb “stand.” Alternate translation: “neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous” or “and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 1 5 nr84 figs-metonymy 0 nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. Alternate translation: “and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 1 6 wmx7 figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 1 6 cxy6 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the righteous How people live is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they are walking on. Alternate translation: “how the righteous live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 1 6 jy56 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the wicked will perish How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. Possible meanings are 1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or 2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 1 6 jy56 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the wicked will perish How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. Possible meanings are (1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or (2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 2 intro z14u 0 # Psalm 002 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br><br>The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>“Today I have begotten you” here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
PSA 2 1 bht4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 2 1 e4gn figs-rquestion 0 Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail? These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. Alternate translation: “The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ PSA 2 12 l654 figs-metaphor 0 when his anger burns for just a moment The king
PSA 2 12 ty9p figs-metaphor 0 seek refuge in him Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “ask the king to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 3 intro py7j 0 # Psalm 003 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.<br>
PSA 3 1 ylp1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 3 1 g1yb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 3 1 g1yb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 3 1 xp7i figs-exclamations 0 Yahweh, how many are my enemies! This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 3 1 cj3u figs-idiom 0 have risen against me Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. Alternate translation: “come against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 3 3 mj2u figs-metaphor 0 you, Yahweh, are a shield around me A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ PSA 4 4 l67w figs-metonymy 0 Meditate in your heart The heart represents a pers
PSA 4 5 h8tj 0 Offer the sacrifices of righteousness “Offer the right sacrifices”
PSA 4 5 ul9j figs-metaphor 0 put your trust in Yahweh Here “trust” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “trust in Yahweh” or “trust Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 4 6 k53m figs-rquestion 0 Who will show us anything good? This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. Alternate translation: “Please show us something good!” or “We wish someone would show us something good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 4 6 uvl3 figs-metonymy 0 Who will show us anything good? Possible meanings are 1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or 2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 4 6 uvl3 figs-metonymy 0 Who will show us anything good? Possible meanings are (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 4 6 stu3 figs-metaphor 0 lift up the light of your face on us The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 4 7 v4vs figs-synecdoche 0 You have given my heart more gladness The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 4 7 b9ht figs-metaphor 0 You have given my heart more gladness than others have Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun “gladness” can be stated as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ PSA 5 9 vyp8 0 General Information: David talks about his enemies.
PSA 5 9 yu9i figs-metonymy 0 For there is no truth in their mouth Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. Alternate translation: “For they never say what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 5 9 w7sn figs-metonymy 0 their inward being is wicked The inward being represents people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 5 9 t93l figs-metonymy 0 their throat The throat represents people’s speech. Alternate translation: “their speech” or “what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 5 9 aj6l figs-metaphor 0 their throat is an open tomb Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are 1) “they say that they will kill people” or 2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 5 9 aj6l figs-metaphor 0 their throat is an open tomb Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 5 9 c5lk 0 they flatter with their tongue “they say nice things about people without really meaning it”
PSA 5 9 w8tw figs-metonymy 0 their tongue The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 5 10 b8gr 0 may their schemes be their downfall “may their schemes cause them to experience disasters” or “may they become less important because of their schemes”
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ PSA 8 1 lk7t writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Heb
PSA 8 1 i9hb 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 8 1 ye1p 0 set to the gittith style This may refer to a style of music.
PSA 8 1 hn59 figs-metonymy 0 how magnificent is your name in all the earth God’s “name” represents his whole being. Alternate translation: “people all over the world know that you are very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 8 2 u11e figs-metaphor 0 Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise Possible meanings are 1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or 2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 8 2 u11e figs-metaphor 0 Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise Possible meanings are (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 8 3 uj2i figs-synecdoche 0 your heavens, which your fingers have made God’s fingers represent him. Alternate translation: “the heavens which you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 8 4 yhh5 figs-rquestion 0 Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them? These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 8 4 k9i2 0 the human race…mankind Both of these phrases refer to people in general.
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ PSA 9 6 b9n1 0 when you overthrew their cities “when you destroyed their cit
PSA 9 6 pi7j figs-metaphor 0 All remembrance of them has perished Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 9 6 c6yp figs-abstractnouns 0 All remembrance of them has perished The abstract noun “remembrance” can be expressed with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 9 7 x7xg figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh remains forever “Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 9 7 h8nu figs-metonymy 0 he has established his throne for justice The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. Possible meanings are 1) “He rules in order to judge people” or “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 9 7 h8nu figs-metonymy 0 he has established his throne for justice The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. Possible meanings are (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 9 8 pgg5 figs-parallelism 0 He will judge the world with righteousness…he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 9 8 dz3w figs-metonymy 0 He will judge the world with righteousness Here “the world” refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 9 9 y7hd figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will also protect the oppressed” or “Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ PSA 10 3 lk5v figs-abstractnouns 0 his deepest desires The noun “desires” c
PSA 10 3 bcd9 0 the greedy “greedy people”
PSA 10 4 nkz2 figs-genericnoun 0 The wicked man This refers here to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
PSA 10 4 es9w figs-metaphor 0 has a raised face A raised face represents pride or arrogance. Alternate translation: “has an arrogant attitude” or “is proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 10 4 je9x figs-metaphor 0 he does not seek God Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 10 4 je9x figs-metaphor 0 he does not seek God Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 10 5 h3lz 0 He is secure at all times “He is safe at all times.” He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is.
PSA 10 5 ee2m figs-metaphor 0 your righteous decrees are too high for him Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. Alternate translation: “he cannot understand your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 10 5 bbt7 translate-symaction 0 he snorts at all his enemies People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. Alternate translation: “he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless” or “he sneers at all his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ PSA 12 1 w9wb 0 Help, Yahweh “Yahweh, come to my aid”
PSA 12 1 ckb5 0 those who have integrity have vanished “faithful people have all vanished”
PSA 12 2 p59u figs-hyperbole 0 Everyone says…everyone speaks The two occurrences of “everyone” are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PSA 12 2 k6d8 figs-metonymy 0 everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart Here “lips” is a metonym for what people say, and “a double heart” is a metaphor for deception. Alternate translation: “everyone speaks with flattering words and deception” or “everyone praises people falsely and tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 12 3 cis2 figs-metaphor 0 cut off all flattering lips Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are 1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or 2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 12 3 cis2 figs-metaphor 0 cut off all flattering lips Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 12 3 g9k2 figs-synecdoche 0 every tongue declaring great things Here “every tongue” represents every person who declares great things. Alternate translation: “every person who boasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 12 4 j1nx figs-metonymy 0 With our tongues will we prevail Here the word “tongues” represents what people say. Alternate translation: “We will prevail because of what we say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 12 4 ay1a 0 will we prevail “we will succeed” or “we will win” or “we will be victorious”
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ PSA 16 8 z682 0 I set Yahweh before me at all times “I always remember that
PSA 16 8 yj9i figs-activepassive 0 so I will not be shaken from his right hand This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 16 9 in9q 0 General Information: David continues to speak to God.
PSA 16 9 p2bc figs-metonymy 0 my heart is glad Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 16 9 e6e1 0 my glory is rejoicing Possible meanings are 1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or 2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing”
PSA 16 9 e6e1 0 my glory is rejoicing Possible meanings are (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing”
PSA 16 11 b54u 0 abundant joy “great joy” or “a large amount of joy”
PSA 16 11 hxq5 figs-personification 0 joy resides in your presence The writer speaks of “joy” as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 16 11 v4yr figs-idiom 0 in your right hand The words “right hand” indicate being in God’s special presence. Alternate translation: “when I am near you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -391,14 +391,14 @@ PSA 17 12 c8wr figs-simile 0 They are like a lion…like a young lion The write
PSA 17 13 p2s3 figs-metaphor 0 by your sword This is a metaphor for Yahweh’s power and for violent death in war. Alternate translation: “by having them die in war” or “by killing them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 17 14 mf1x figs-parallelism 0 Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world This clause adds intensity to the words “Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 17 14 wh2m figs-metonymy 0 by your hand These words represent the power of Yahweh and add intensity to the words “by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 17 14 xg3n figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are 1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or 2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 17 14 knu1 figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies…with riches Here “fill the bellies…with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are 1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or 2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 17 14 xg3n figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 17 14 knu1 figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies…with riches Here “fill the bellies…with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 17 15 ck39 figs-synecdoche 0 I will see your face in righteousness Here “face” represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 17 15 bpx8 figs-explicit 0 I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 18 intro enj7 0 # Psalm 018 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.<br>
PSA 18 1 xfk3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 18 1 ig1a 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
PSA 18 1 vm1x 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 18 1 vm1x 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 18 1 p2da 0 he sang to Yahweh the words of this song “he sang this song to Yahweh”
PSA 18 1 rhv3 0 on the day that Yahweh rescued him “after Yahweh had rescued him”
PSA 18 1 hna8 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of Saul Here “hand” stands for the power of Saul. Alternate translation: “from Saul’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ PSA 18 39 t3xr figs-simile 0 put strength on me like a belt The Psalmist says t
PSA 18 39 xyh3 figs-idiom 0 you put under me Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. Alternate translation: “you defeat for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 18 39 xyp2 figs-idiom 0 those who rise up against me This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. Alternate translation: “those who are my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 18 40 h5yv figs-metonymy 0 You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “You gave me victory over my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 18 40 m3tx figs-metonymy 0 You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are 1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or 2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or 3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 18 40 m3tx figs-metonymy 0 You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 18 40 gp8b 0 I annihilated those who hated me “I defeated those who hated me” or “I destroyed completely those who hated me”
PSA 18 41 whl5 figs-idiom 0 but he did not answer them This means Yahweh did not provide any help. Alternate translation: “but he did not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 18 42 tjm8 figs-simile 0 I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ PSA 19 7 z9pg figs-synecdoche 0 restoring the soul The words “the soul” ref
PSA 19 7 a789 0 the simple “those who have no experience” or “those who have not learned”
PSA 19 8 spr1 figs-synecdoche 0 the heart These words refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 19 8 nuk1 0 are right “are true” or “are correct”
PSA 19 8 t8c5 0 bringing light to the eyes Possible meanings are 1) “bringing understanding to a person” or 2) “making a person healthy again”
PSA 19 8 t8c5 0 bringing light to the eyes Possible meanings are (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again”
PSA 19 9 xac8 0 altogether right “completely right”
PSA 19 10 x983 figs-metaphor 0 They are of greater value than gold…they are sweeter than honey Yahweh’s decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. Alternate translation: “If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold…if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 19 10 e6s3 figs-ellipsis 0 even more than much fine gold The word “valuable” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “even more valuable than a lot of fine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ PSA 20 1 v6pl writing-poetry 0 General Information: This Psalm begins with a gr
PSA 20 1 h9gw 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 20 1 vrb5 0 help you The word “you” in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king.
PSA 20 1 pt3b 0 in the day of trouble “in times of trouble” or “when you are in trouble”
PSA 20 1 dp3k figs-metonymy 0 may the name of the God of Jacob protect you Possible meanings are 1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or 2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 20 1 dp3k figs-metonymy 0 may the name of the God of Jacob protect you Possible meanings are (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 20 2 b9ek figs-metaphor 0 send help from the holy place God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh help you from his holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 20 2 y51h figs-doublet 0 holy place…Zion Both of these refer to God’s temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 20 3 yz44 figs-idiom 0 May he call to mind The phrase “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. Alternate translation: “May he remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ PSA 20 8 e7uq figs-inclusive 0 we will rise Here “we” refers to the writer
PSA 20 8 q1tp figs-activepassive 0 They will be brought down and fall The word “They” refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bring them down and make them fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 20 8 g7uv figs-doublet 0 brought down and fall Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 20 8 y7lr figs-doublet 0 we will rise and stand upright “we will get up and stand up straight.” These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 20 9 c5i4 0 Yahweh, rescue the king Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
PSA 20 9 c5i4 0 Yahweh, rescue the king Possible interpretations are (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
PSA 20 9 brk5 0 the king; help us when we call Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: “King, help us when we call you”
PSA 21 intro mq8x 0 # Psalm 021 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pronouns<br>There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
PSA 21 1 k12k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -593,21 +593,21 @@ PSA 21 6 v3m2 0 the joy of your presence “the joy of being in your presence
PSA 21 7 mbf3 figs-abstractnouns 0 through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 21 7 j1gh figs-activepassive 0 he will not be moved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 21 8 w7ck figs-metonymy 0 Your hand will seize Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 21 8 irz4 0 Your hand…hate you Possible meaning of all occurrences of “your” and “you” are 1) they refer to the king or 2) they refer to God.
PSA 21 8 irz4 0 Your hand…hate you Possible meaning of all occurrences of “your” and “you” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God.
PSA 21 8 yew7 figs-parallelism 0 your right hand will seize those who hate you This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 21 9 lmc9 0 At the time of your anger “When you are angry and begin to act”
PSA 21 9 hhy3 0 your anger…you will burn The words “your” and “you” refers to either 1) God or 2) the king.
PSA 21 9 hhy3 0 your anger…you will burn The words “your” and “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king.
PSA 21 9 xdq2 figs-metaphor 0 you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 21 9 fc6d figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 21 10 wsu5 0 You will destroy The word “you” refers to either 1) God or 2) the king.
PSA 21 10 wsu5 0 You will destroy The word “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king.
PSA 21 10 i3zy figs-parallelism 0 from the earth…from among the human race Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 21 11 fhu8 0 they intended “they planned.” The word “they” refers to the enemies of God and the king.
PSA 21 11 z63c 0 evil against you “to do evil things to you”
PSA 21 11 h29d 0 they conceived a plot “they made a plan” or “they created a scheme”
PSA 21 12 bsd1 figs-metaphor 0 For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them Possible meanings for “you” and “your” are 1) they refer to the king or 2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 21 12 bsd1 figs-metaphor 0 For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them Possible meanings for “you” and “your” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 21 12 ti25 figs-idiom 0 you will turn them back This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 21 12 ge87 figs-explicit 0 you will draw your bow before them This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 21 13 aul7 0 Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or 2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you”
PSA 21 13 aul7 0 Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you”
PSA 21 13 w52b figs-doublet 0 we will sing and praise your power The words “sing” and “praise” share similar meanings. Here the word “power” represents God and his power. Alternate translation: “with singing we will praise you because you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 22 intro y7hl 0 # Psalm 022 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.<br><br>### New Testament usage<br>This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])<br>
PSA 22 1 lw3l writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ PSA 22 7 gq6v figs-parallelism 0 taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads
PSA 22 7 nu8j translate-symaction 0 they shake their heads at me This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 22 8 v7ta figs-irony 0 He trusts in Yahweh…delights in him The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
PSA 22 8 ip8x 0 Let him rescue him “Let Yahweh rescue him”
PSA 22 8 h2ys 0 for he delights in him Possible meanings are 1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or 2) “for he delights in Yahweh”
PSA 22 8 h2ys 0 for he delights in him Possible meanings are (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh”
PSA 22 9 lz9a figs-explicit 0 For you The writer uses the word “For” to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 22 9 g6i1 figs-idiom 0 you brought me from the womb This is a way of saying “you caused me to be born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 22 9 h37n figs-idiom 0 when I was on my mother’s breasts This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. Alternate translation: “even from the time that I drank milk from my mother’s breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -652,14 +652,14 @@ PSA 22 14 k6ki 0 within my inner parts “inside of me”
PSA 22 15 fpb6 figs-simile 0 My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 22 15 w7be 0 piece of pottery an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house
PSA 22 15 g95x figs-metaphor 0 my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth “my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth.” The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 15 z793 figs-metaphor 0 You have laid me in the dust of death Possible meanings for “dust of death” are 1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or 2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 15 z793 figs-metaphor 0 You have laid me in the dust of death Possible meanings for “dust of death” are (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 15 m487 figs-you 0 You have laid me The “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PSA 22 16 un7f figs-metaphor 0 dogs have surrounded me The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. Alternate translation: “my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 16 np5i 0 a company of evildoers “a group of evildoers” or “a gang of evildoers”
PSA 22 16 i2n1 0 encircled stood in a circle
PSA 22 16 x42c figs-metaphor 0 they have pierced my hands and my feet This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 16 ai5d 0 pierced stabbed through something with a sharp object
PSA 22 17 est5 figs-metaphor 0 I can count all my bones Possible meanings are 1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or 2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 17 est5 figs-metaphor 0 I can count all my bones Possible meanings are (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 17 ce23 figs-doublet 0 look and stare at me The words “look” and “stare” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 22 18 fb7u 0 my garments “my clothes”
PSA 22 19 v12t figs-litotes 0 Do not be far away This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be very close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -677,11 +677,11 @@ PSA 22 22 t5p8 0 in the midst of the assembly “when my fellow Israelites and
PSA 22 23 wl3v figs-you 0 You who fear Here “You” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PSA 22 23 yc8l figs-parallelism 0 you descendants of Jacob…you descendants of Israel Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 22 23 rs9u 0 Stand in awe of him “Be full of awe for him” or “Let God’s power amaze you”
PSA 22 24 t6pw 0 he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one Possible meanings are 1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or 2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one
PSA 22 24 t6pw 0 he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one Possible meanings are (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one
PSA 22 24 q54x figs-doublet 0 despised or abhorred These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 22 24 w7tf 0 despised strongly disliked or hated
PSA 22 24 h5t5 figs-metonymy 0 he has not…abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one Here, suffering is a metonym for the person who suffers. To abhor something is to think of it as horrible. Alternate translation: “he has not…thought of the afflicted one who suffers as horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 22 24 y2dq figs-genericnoun 0 the suffering of the afflicted one…from him…the afflicted one cried Possible meanings are 1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer…from them…those who are suffering cried” or 2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction…from me…I cried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 22 24 y2dq figs-genericnoun 0 the suffering of the afflicted one…from him…the afflicted one cried Possible meanings are (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer…from them…those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction…from me…I cried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 22 24 r4zy figs-metaphor 0 has not hidden his face from him Hiding one’s face from someone represents ignoring him. Alternate translation: “has not turned his attention away from him” or “has not ignored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 22 24 fci1 figs-explicit 0 he heard “he listened.” It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he helped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 22 25 q298 figs-you 0 because of you Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ PSA 23 5 hh1r 0 anointed my head with oil People sometimes put oil on their gu
PSA 23 5 w1iw figs-idiom 0 my cup runs over Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. Alternate translation: “You fill my cup so much that it overflows” or “You give me many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 23 6 y8zc figs-metaphor 0 Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns “goodness” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Surely you will be good and faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 23 6 ep2g figs-abstractnouns 0 all the days of my life The abstract noun “life” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 23 6 u2bl 0 the house of Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or 2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.
PSA 23 6 u2bl 0 the house of Yahweh Possible meanings are that (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.
PSA 23 6 u53m figs-idiom 0 for the length of my days This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 24 intro cw5j 0 # Psalm 024 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Righteous people<br>Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
PSA 24 1 nne9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ PSA 24 9 hl69 figs-parallelism 0 Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, e
PSA 24 9 fk49 figs-synecdoche 0 Lift up your heads It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 25 intro utp4 0 # Psalm 025 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 25 is a prayer for God’s help.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The humble<br>God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.<br>
PSA 25 1 sq2m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 25 1 z3ls figs-metaphor 0 I lift up my life The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or 2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 25 1 z3ls figs-metaphor 0 I lift up my life The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 25 2 m2b6 figs-activepassive 0 Do not let me be humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 25 2 ff1t figs-idiom 0 rejoice triumphantly over me “rejoice in triumph over me.” The phrase “over me” implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. Alternate translation: “defeat me and rejoice about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 25 3 jw7y figs-explicit 0 May no one who hopes in you be disgraced “Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced.” Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ PSA 26 5 hc11 0 the assembly of evildoers “those who gather to do evil”
PSA 26 5 ees1 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 26 6 idg7 translate-symaction 0 I wash my hands in innocence This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 26 6 u7rx 0 I go around your altar This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing.
PSA 26 8 ywm8 0 the house where you live Possible meanings are 1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or 2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.
PSA 26 8 ywm8 0 the house where you live Possible meanings are (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.
PSA 26 8 adz5 figs-metonymy 0 the place where your glory lives Here “glory” represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. Alternate translation: “the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 26 9 k89i figs-metaphor 0 Do not sweep me away with sinners “Sweep away” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Do not destroy me along with sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 26 9 gb7w figs-ellipsis 0 or my life The word “sweep” is understood. Alternate translation: “or sweep my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ PSA 26 10 g7rx 0 a plot “a wicked plan”
PSA 26 11 qm5d 0 But as for me This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself.
PSA 26 11 vu5m figs-metaphor 0 I will walk in integrity “Walk” here is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I will behave with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 26 12 xe4n figs-synecdoche 0 My foot stands Here “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 26 12 apj3 figs-metaphor 0 level ground Possible meanings are that “level ground” represents 1) a safe place or 2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 26 12 apj3 figs-metaphor 0 level ground Possible meanings are that “level ground” represents (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 26 12 p8c6 0 in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh “when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you”
PSA 27 intro ru1e 0 # Psalm 027 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>Because of God’s help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.<br>
PSA 27 1 cx3f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ PSA 27 3 z488 0 I will remain confident “I will continue to trust God to hel
PSA 27 4 p5pc 0 have I asked of Yahweh “I have asked Yahweh to let me do”
PSA 27 4 vpq5 figs-metaphor 0 I will seek that A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 27 4 gb9g figs-metaphor 0 to see the beauty of Yahweh The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. Alternate translation: “to see how wonderful Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 27 4 c2a9 0 to meditate in his temple Possible meanings are 1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or 2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.”
PSA 27 4 c2a9 0 to meditate in his temple Possible meanings are (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.”
PSA 27 5 cv9f 0 in the day of trouble “in times of trouble” or “when I have troubles”
PSA 27 5 vjd7 0 he will hide me “he will protect me”
PSA 27 5 cc6r figs-parallelism 0 his shelter…his tent Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ PSA 27 12 ez4n figs-metaphor 0 they breathe out violence Here violence is spoke
PSA 27 13 ts3j figs-rquestion 0 What would have happened to me This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 27 13 c72l figs-abstractnouns 0 the goodness of Yahweh The abstract noun “goodness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 27 13 wld8 figs-idiom 0 in the land of the living This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 27 14 g4pq 0 Wait for Yahweh…Wait for Yahweh! This verse may be 1) the writer speaking to himself or 2) the writer speaking to others or 3) someone speaking to the writer.
PSA 27 14 g4pq 0 Wait for Yahweh…Wait for Yahweh! This verse may be (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer.
PSA 27 14 m8gs figs-synecdoche 0 let your heart be courageous Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 27 14 yng1 0 Wait for Yahweh! This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.
PSA 28 intro a18t 0 # Psalm 028 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br>
@ -886,14 +886,14 @@ PSA 28 1 y82h 0 do not ignore me “do not be silent to me” or “do not lea
PSA 28 1 y255 figs-metaphor 0 I will join those who go down to the grave People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. Alternate translation: “I will die like those who are in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 28 2 i4h9 figs-metonymy 0 Hear the sound of my pleading Here “sound” refers to the content of his request. Alternate translation: “Hear my strong request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 28 2 t7ig translate-symaction 0 I lift up my hands toward your most holy place Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 28 2 a92a 0 your most holy place Possible meanings are 1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or 2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.
PSA 28 2 a92a 0 your most holy place Possible meanings are (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.
PSA 28 3 r4t6 figs-metaphor 0 Do not drag me away God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. Alternate translation: “Do not remove me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 28 3 y9zp 0 who speak peace with their neighbors Here “neighbors” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “who speak peacefully with other people”
PSA 28 3 y46g figs-metonymy 0 but have evil in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “but are thinking something evil about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 28 4 g3b9 figs-parallelism 0 Give them what their deeds deserve…repay them what their wickedness demands These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 28 4 z39d figs-metonymy 0 the work of their hands Here “hands” represent what the person has done. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 28 4 d21y 0 render to them their due “give them what they deserve”
PSA 28 5 vma7 0 Because they do not understand…never rebuild them Possible meanings are 1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or 2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.
PSA 28 5 vma7 0 Because they do not understand…never rebuild them Possible meanings are (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.
PSA 28 5 b1cw figs-explicit 0 they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh It is implied that “do not understand” means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh’s works. Alternate translation: “they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 28 5 a757 figs-metonymy 0 the work of his hands Here “hands” represents what Yahweh has done or created. Alternate translation: “what he has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 28 5 uqh3 figs-metaphor 0 he will tear them down and never rebuild them The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ PSA 31 23 a8kd figs-nominaladj 0 the faithful This refers to the faithful peopl
PSA 31 23 el6y figs-idiom 0 he pays back the arrogant in full Here “pay back” is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 32 intro le2f 0 # Psalm 032 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Confession of sin<br>This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God’s forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])<br>
PSA 32 1 w4yz writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 32 1 tgw8 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 32 1 tgw8 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 32 1 pzp9 figs-parallelism 0 whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 32 1 sch5 figs-metaphor 0 whose sin is covered Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “whose sin is ignored” or “whose sin is deliberately forgotten” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 32 2 k682 figs-activepassive 0 to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh sees as innocent” or “who is not guilty according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ PSA 32 8 x1lw figs-doublet 0 I will instruct you and teach you in the way The w
PSA 32 8 mh9j 0 I will instruct Here the “I” is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David.
PSA 32 8 s74m figs-metaphor 0 in the way which you should go Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. Alternate translation: “how you should live your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 32 8 lj3f figs-metonymy 0 with my eye upon you Here “my eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “and direct my attention to you” or “and watch over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 32 9 ry6h figs-simile 0 Do not be like a horse…no understanding The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse…no understanding” or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 32 9 ry6h figs-simile 0 Do not be like a horse…no understanding The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse…no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 32 9 g1b3 0 bridle and bit Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.
PSA 32 9 cv6w 0 where you want them to “where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular.
PSA 32 10 ann9 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ PSA 33 22 nn9g figs-metaphor 0 Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with
PSA 33 22 jye8 0 as we put our hope in you “as we hope for your help”
PSA 34 intro az5s 0 # Psalm 034 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])<br>
PSA 34 1 p9iv writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 34 1 w9ay 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 34 1 w9ay 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 34 1 j36y 0 pretended to be insane “acted like a crazy person”
PSA 34 1 m4gs figs-explicit 0 before Abimelech This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: “when he was in Abimelech’s house” or “when he was Abimelech’s prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 34 1 klk3 figs-metonymy 0 his praise will always be in my mouth Here “in my mouth” refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will always praise him out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ PSA 35 2 uj8w figs-metaphor 0 Grab your small shield and large shield The write
PSA 35 2 f9eb 0 small shield and large shield these are defensive weapons
PSA 35 3 e4ia figs-metaphor 0 Use your spear and battle ax The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 35 3 qr78 0 spear and battle ax these are offensive weapons
PSA 35 3 z8vr figs-metaphor 0 those who chase me Possible meanings are 1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or 2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 35 3 z8vr figs-metaphor 0 those who chase me Possible meanings are (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 35 3 k4rj figs-synecdoche 0 say to my soul This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “say to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 35 3 wz6p figs-abstractnouns 0 I am your salvation This can be stated without the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I am your savior” or “I will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 35 4 w6yz figs-activepassive 0 May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ PSA 35 7 kw8m figs-synecdoche 0 my life This refers to the writer. Alternate tr
PSA 35 8 iq5p figs-personification 0 Let destruction overtake them by surprise Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. Alternate translation: “Let them be destroyed suddenly” or “Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 35 8 d6rv figs-metaphor 0 the net that they have set The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 35 8 e9d9 figs-metaphor 0 Let them fall into it This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 35 8 n85r 0 fall into it Possible meanings are 1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or 2) fall into destruction.
PSA 35 8 n85r 0 fall into it Possible meanings are (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction.
PSA 35 8 q1k1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to their destruction The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “so that they will be destroyed” or “that is how you should destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 35 9 gv3z figs-abstractnouns 0 in his salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 35 10 dy1n figs-metonymy 0 All my bones Here “bones” refers to the deepest inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “My whole inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ PSA 35 14 zqf9 translate-symaction 0 I bent down This was a symbol of pain and
PSA 35 15 ff5f 0 gathered together “assembled together” or “came together”
PSA 35 15 w4hv figs-idiom 0 against me This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. Alternate translation: “to make plans against me” or “to plan my destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 35 15 qu3u figs-metaphor 0 They tore at me Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. Alternate translation: “They attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 35 16 l7dx 0 With no respect at all they mocked me “With the worthless people they ridiculed me” or 2) “Without respect they made fun of me”
PSA 35 16 l7dx 0 With no respect at all they mocked me 1) “With the worthless people they ridiculed me” or (2) “Without respect they made fun of me”
PSA 35 16 j13z translate-symaction 0 they grind their teeth at me in rage This is a sign of anger and hate. “they made grinding noises with their teeth at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 35 17 x3er figs-rquestion 0 how long will you look on? This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. Alternate translation: “how long will you only watch them doing this?” or “when will you help me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 35 17 te6n figs-synecdoche 0 Rescue my soul Here “soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1336,7 +1336,7 @@ PSA 37 40 jus5 figs-parallelism 0 helps…rescues…saves This same idea is rep
PSA 37 40 qwg7 figs-metaphor 0 they have taken refuge in him Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 intro ysy3 0 # Psalm 038 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Author’s sickness<br>The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.<br>
PSA 38 1 nsf9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 38 1 n1x9 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 38 1 n1x9 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 38 1 nd38 figs-parallelism 0 do not rebuke me in your anger…do not punish me in your wrath These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 38 2 z5x4 figs-metaphor 0 your arrows pierce me The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 2 w3fq figs-metaphor 0 your hand presses me down Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1363,10 +1363,10 @@ PSA 38 13 hm4h figs-simile 0 I am like a mute man…says nothing The writer doe
PSA 38 13 s5pm 0 a mute man a person who cannot speak
PSA 38 14 th66 0 does not hear The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
PSA 38 14 ir1x 0 has no reply The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
PSA 38 15 px8y 0 you will answer Possible meanings are 1) “you will answer me” or 2) “you will answer my enemies.”
PSA 38 15 px8y 0 you will answer Possible meanings are (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.”
PSA 38 16 gan3 0 will not gloat over me “will not delight over my trouble”
PSA 38 16 bq5f figs-synecdoche 0 If my foot slips Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 17 s48p figs-metaphor 0 I am about to stumble Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or 2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 17 s48p figs-metaphor 0 I am about to stumble Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 17 sbz5 0 I am in constant pain “I am always in pain”
PSA 38 19 ie1w figs-parallelism 0 But my enemies are numerous…are many These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 38 20 ca7b figs-metaphor 0 They repay me evil for good The actions of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns “evil” and “good” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “They do evil thing to me after I was good to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1413,13 +1413,13 @@ PSA 40 1 yu4m 0 I waited patiently for Yahweh This means the writer was waitin
PSA 40 1 j6iw figs-doublet 0 he listened to me…heard my cry These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “he listened to me when I called out to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 40 2 jcv4 figs-parallelism 0 out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer’s danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. Alternate translation: “from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 40 2 yav8 figs-synecdoche 0 he set my feet on a rock Here “my feet” refers to the writer, and “a rock” refers a place of safety. Alternate translation: “he provided safety for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 40 3 kgu6 0 He has put a new song in my mouth Possible meanings are 1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or 2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.”
PSA 40 3 kgu6 0 He has put a new song in my mouth Possible meanings are (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.”
PSA 40 3 bl9j figs-synecdoche 0 in my mouth Here “my mouth” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 40 3 n4gq figs-abstractnouns 0 praise to our God The noun “praise” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “a song to praise our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 40 3 z44r figs-metonymy 0 Many will see it Here “see it” refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. Alternate translation: “Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 40 4 cal5 0 Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust “Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh” or “Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed”
PSA 40 4 z621 figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This refers to the people who are proud. Alternate translation: “proud people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 40 4 f9yc 0 to lies The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) “lies” or 2) “false gods.”
PSA 40 4 f9yc 0 to lies The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.”
PSA 40 5 x7v4 figs-activepassive 0 your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can count all the things you think about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 40 5 kzt9 figs-parallelism 0 cannot be numbered…more than could be counted These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 40 6 z1vh figs-hyperbole 0 You have no delight in sacrifice or offering This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. Alternate translation: “Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -1468,11 +1468,11 @@ PSA 41 3 lt8b figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering T
PSA 41 3 ygd6 figs-metonymy 0 you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing The phrase “a bed of healing” refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 41 5 yg22 figs-ellipsis 0 his name perish If a person’s name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. Alternate translation: “when will his name perish” or “when will people forget about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 41 6 evn1 0 If my enemy comes to see me The words “my enemy” refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy.
PSA 41 6 m4zm figs-idiom 0 he says worthless things Possible meanings are 1) “he says meaningless things” or 2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 41 6 m4zm figs-idiom 0 he says worthless things Possible meanings are (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 41 6 c5vp figs-synecdoche 0 his heart gathers up my disaster for itself His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word “heart” refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate translation: “he tries to learn about all of my disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 41 7 sq8r 0 against me they hope for my hurt Possible meanings are 1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or 2) “they are planning to hurt me.”
PSA 41 7 sq8r 0 against me they hope for my hurt Possible meanings are (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.”
PSA 41 8 l22y figs-personification 0 An evil disease…to him His enemies speak of “disease” as if it were a person who has captured him. Alternate translation: “He is sick with a fatal disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 41 8 hfg4 0 An evil disease Possible meanings are 1) “A fatal disease” or 2) “Something evil”
PSA 41 8 hfg4 0 An evil disease Possible meanings are (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil”
PSA 41 8 cay3 figs-explicit 0 now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more Here the words “lying down” refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not “rise up” means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “now that he is sick in bed, he will die there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 41 9 jzy3 figs-idiom 0 has lifted up his heel against me This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. Alternate translation: “has betrayed me” or “has turned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 41 10 r3b3 figs-declarative 0 But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up This is a request. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ PSA 42 7 c6aq figs-personification 0 Deep calls to deep at the noise of your wa
PSA 42 7 exq2 figs-metaphor 0 all your waves…have gone over me The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 42 7 d5k7 figs-doublet 0 your waves and your billows The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 42 8 ef4n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 42 8 jsc8 0 his song Possible meanings are 1) “the song that he gives me” or “the song about him”
PSA 42 8 jsc8 0 his song Possible meanings are (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him”
PSA 42 8 xm7t 0 the God of my life “the God who gives me life”
PSA 42 9 si6j figs-metaphor 0 I will say to God, my rock The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 42 9 b1ik 0 Why do I go mourning To “go mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ PSA 42 11 wp6h figs-metaphor 0 bowed down The writer speaks of depression or di
PSA 42 11 ghd7 figs-imperative 0 Hope in God The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
PSA 43 intro x44y 0 # Psalm 043 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Encouragement<br>The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43<br>Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.<br>
PSA 43 1 il4d writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 43 2 quk8 0 the God of my strength Possible meanings are 1) “the God who protects me” or 2) “the God who gives me strength.”
PSA 43 2 quk8 0 the God of my strength Possible meanings are (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.”
PSA 43 2 a96e figs-rquestion 0 Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 43 2 cpw2 0 Why do I go about in mourning To “go about in mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
PSA 43 2 d84h figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the oppression of the enemy The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because my enemy oppresses me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1613,13 +1613,13 @@ PSA 45 2 x1mq figs-hyperbole 0 You are fairer than the children of mankind This
PSA 45 2 an93 figs-metaphor 0 grace is poured onto your lips The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king’s lips. The word “lips” refers to the king’s speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. Alternate translation: “it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil” or “you speak eloquently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 45 3 y2u2 figs-explicit 0 Put your sword on your side Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourself for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 45 4 cyr3 0 ride on triumphantly The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory.
PSA 45 4 s46i figs-abstractnouns 0 because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are 1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or 2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 45 4 s46i figs-abstractnouns 0 because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 45 4 td7g figs-metonymy 0 your right hand will teach you fearful things Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase “right hand” refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. Alternate translation: “You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 45 4 ij55 0 fearful things “awesome deeds.” This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him.
PSA 45 5 k74n 0 the peoples fall under you This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are 1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or 2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.”
PSA 45 5 k74n 0 the peoples fall under you This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.”
PSA 45 5 zn7a 0 your arrows are in the hearts of the king’s enemies “your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person.
PSA 45 6 d479 figs-metonymy 0 Your throne…is forever and ever The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom…is forever and ever” or “You will reign…forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 45 6 mh74 0 Your throne, God Possible meanings are that the word “God” 1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or 2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.”
PSA 45 6 mh74 0 Your throne, God Possible meanings are that the word “God” (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.”
PSA 45 6 h2tn figs-metonymy 0 a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom The word “scepter” represents the king’s authority to rule his kingdom. Alternate translation: “you rule your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 45 7 w1rj figs-metaphor 0 God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God’s choosing him to be king. Alternate translation: “when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 45 8 s741 0 General Information: Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride.
@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ PSA 46 6 m4wd figs-metaphor 0 the kingdoms were shaken Here, the word “shaken
PSA 46 6 hp6t figs-metaphor 0 he lifted up his voice “God lifted up his voice.” The writer speaks of the “voice” as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. Alternate translation: “God shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 46 6 p2kl figs-metonymy 0 the earth melted The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here “the earth” represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 46 7 lc6w figs-metaphor 0 the God of Jacob is our refuge The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob gives us safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 46 7 nkp6 figs-metonymy 0 the God of Jacob Possible meanings are 1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or 2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 46 7 nkp6 figs-metonymy 0 the God of Jacob Possible meanings are (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 46 9 lwa3 0 He makes wars cease “He makes nations stop fighting wars”
PSA 46 9 b5gh figs-idiom 0 to the ends of the earth This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 46 9 v24c 0 he breaks the bow…burns up the shields One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another.
@ -1694,16 +1694,16 @@ PSA 47 5 y2zq figs-metaphor 0 God has gone up with a shout The writer speaks of
PSA 47 5 z2zz figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 47 6 wn5w figs-parallelism 0 Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises The phrase “sing praises” is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Alternate translation: “Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 47 9 vxi7 0 The princes of the peoples “The rulers of all the nations”
PSA 47 9 kg5b 0 gathered together to the people Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations 1) “gather in front of the people” or 2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king.
PSA 47 9 eew2 figs-metaphor 0 the shields of the earth belong to God Possible meanings are that “shields” 1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or 2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 47 9 kg5b 0 gathered together to the people Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king.
PSA 47 9 eew2 figs-metaphor 0 the shields of the earth belong to God Possible meanings are that “shields” (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem<br>Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>It is helpful to know that “Mount Zion” is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
PSA 48 1 s5c1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 48 1 az4y figs-activepassive 0 greatly to be praised This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 48 1 az2x 0 the city of our God on his holy mountain This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.
PSA 48 1 dj9j 0 the city of our God Possible meanings are 1) “the city where our God lives” or 2) “the city that belongs to our God”
PSA 48 1 dj9j 0 the city of our God Possible meanings are (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God”
PSA 48 2 nl3f 0 Beautiful in elevation “Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is.
PSA 48 2 y3e3 figs-metonymy 0 the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 48 2 r8gx 0 on the sides of the north Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the direction of the north or 2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.”
PSA 48 2 r8gx 0 on the sides of the north Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.”
PSA 48 3 qb5z figs-metaphor 0 God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion’s palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 48 4 lw4p 0 see The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
PSA 48 4 fnx9 figs-metonymy 0 assembled themselves Here the kings represent their armies. Alternate translation: “assembled their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1712,9 +1712,9 @@ PSA 48 5 q1px 0 They saw it “They saw Jerusalem”
PSA 48 5 k5fi 0 dismayed greatly troubled
PSA 48 6 xy4p figs-personification 0 Trembling took hold of them there The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. Alternate translation: “There they trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 48 6 ees5 figs-metaphor 0 pain as when a woman is in labor The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 48 7 e8iv figs-metaphor 0 With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or 2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
PSA 48 7 qp44 0 the east wind Possible meanings are 1) “a wind blowing from the east” or 2) “a strong wind.”
PSA 48 7 n4q7 0 the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or 2) any large ocean-going ship.
PSA 48 7 e8iv figs-metaphor 0 With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
PSA 48 7 qp44 0 the east wind Possible meanings are (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.”
PSA 48 7 n4q7 0 the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship.
PSA 48 8 b3ds figs-explicit 0 As we have heard It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 48 8 g7aa figs-explicit 0 so have we seen This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 48 8 pr7i figs-parallelism 0 in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ PSA 48 11 csq8 figs-metaphor 0 let the daughters of Judah rejoice The writer sp
PSA 48 12 r196 figs-parallelism 0 Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her These two phrases are parallel. Alternate translation: “Walk all the way around Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 48 13 d5xm 0 notice well “notice in detail”
PSA 48 14 wub8 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will be our guide The word “guide” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 48 14 rmz8 0 to death Possible meanings are 1) “until we die” or 2) “forever.”
PSA 48 14 rmz8 0 to death Possible meanings are (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.”
PSA 49 intro r9r3 0 # Psalm 049 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Riches<br>Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br>
PSA 49 1 wm6j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 49 1 f4gj 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ PSA 49 4 wva9 figs-metaphor 0 incline my ear The writer speaks of listening car
PSA 49 4 ge9u 0 with the harp “as I play the harp”
PSA 49 5 yhr6 figs-rquestion 0 Why should I fear…heels? The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. Alternate translation: “I have no reason to fear…heels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 49 5 vu7z 0 the days of evil “when evil things happen.” Here the word “days” refers to general periods of time.
PSA 49 5 ug31 figs-metaphor 0 when iniquity surrounds me at my heels Possible meanings are 1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or 2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 49 5 ug31 figs-metaphor 0 when iniquity surrounds me at my heels Possible meanings are (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 49 6 z2gn figs-explicit 0 those who trust in their wealth These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 49 6 w369 0 about the amount of their riches a large amount of something
PSA 49 7 mmh3 0 It is certain that no one “There is no way that any of them can” or Alternate translation: “No one can”
@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ PSA 49 14 fu5c figs-metaphor 0 in the morning Here the word “morning” is a
PSA 49 14 xwx2 figs-personification 0 their bodies will be consumed in Sheol The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. Alternate translation: “their bodies will decompose in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 49 15 hdm9 figs-personification 0 God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 49 15 vf45 figs-synecdoche 0 God will redeem my life Here the word “life” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “God will redeem me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 49 16 gm8v 0 the glory of his house increases The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are 1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or 2) “when his family becomes richer.”
PSA 49 16 gm8v 0 the glory of his house increases The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.”
PSA 49 17 a1l5 0 he will take nothing away “he will take nothing with him to the grave”
PSA 49 17 cz54 figs-euphemism 0 his glory will not go down after him The phrase “go down” refers to when the man dies. Alternate translation: “his glory will not go along with him when he dies” or “he will not keep his reputation when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 49 18 eq9c figs-synecdoche 0 He blessed his soul Here the word “soul” refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: “He congratulated himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1778,13 +1778,13 @@ PSA 50 1 v4hj writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song that t
PSA 50 1 wpn8 0 The Mighty One, God, Yahweh The author uses three different names to speak of God.
PSA 50 1 s58x figs-metonymy 0 called the earth Here the word “earth” refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “called all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 50 1 ycf8 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun to its setting This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 50 2 k7vg 0 Zion, the perfection of beauty Possible meanings are 1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or 2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.”
PSA 50 2 k7vg 0 Zion, the perfection of beauty Possible meanings are (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.”
PSA 50 2 k22a figs-metaphor 0 God has shone The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. Alternate translation: “God’s glory shines like a light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 3 ymh5 figs-litotes 0 does not stay silent The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: “speaks so that everyone can hear him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 50 3 m31d figs-metaphor 0 a fire devours before him The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. Alternate translation: “a fire burns in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 3 pw8f 0 it is very stormy around him “there is a great storm around him”
PSA 50 4 d22v figs-metonymy 0 He calls to the heavens above and to the earth Possible meanings are 1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or 2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 50 6 fxq3 figs-metonymy 0 The heavens will declare Possible meanings are 1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or 2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 50 4 d22v figs-metonymy 0 He calls to the heavens above and to the earth Possible meanings are (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 50 6 fxq3 figs-metonymy 0 The heavens will declare Possible meanings are (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 50 8 ef2a 0 I will not reprove you for your sacrifices “I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices.” God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them.
PSA 50 8 s2pk 0 reprove tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
PSA 50 8 m19c figs-idiom 0 your burnt offerings are always before me This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase “are always before me” refers to being in God’s presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. Alternate translation: “you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@ PSA 50 16 ww85 figs-nominaladj 0 to the wicked The word “wicked” refers to
PSA 50 16 mat4 figs-metaphor 0 have taken my covenant in your mouth God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. Alternate translation: “talk about my covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 17 zuf2 figs-rquestion 0 since you hate instruction and throw my words away This is the end of the rhetorical question begun with the words “What have you to do” ([Psalms 50:16](../050/016.md)). God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement: “It is not right for you to declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate instruction and throw my words away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 50 17 l69z figs-metaphor 0 throw my words away God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. Alternate translation: “reject what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 18 v2nw figs-idiom 0 you agree with him Possible meanings are 1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or 2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 50 18 v2nw figs-idiom 0 you agree with him Possible meanings are (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 50 19 p5te figs-metaphor 0 You give your mouth to evil God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person’s mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. Alternate translation: “You are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 50 19 eu22 figs-synecdoche 0 your tongue expresses deceit The word “tongue” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “you are always telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 50 20 zjx3 figs-parallelism 0 You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother’s son These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1818,11 +1818,11 @@ PSA 50 23 u5xv figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show God’s salvation The abstract
PSA 51 intro uij8 0 # Psalm 051 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br>The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])<br><br>### Author of Psalm<br>Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David’s reign.
PSA 51 1 v8pw writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 51 1 rl6b 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 51 1 sf45 figs-explicit 0 when Nathan the prophet came to him It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 51 1 dlr2 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 51 1 pm2w 0 for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions “because you do so many merciful things”
PSA 51 1 jan2 figs-metaphor 0 blot out my transgressions Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 1 jan2 figs-metaphor 0 blot out my transgressions Forgiving sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 2 rtj9 figs-parallelism 0 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity…cleanse me from my sin These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 51 2 q5ks figs-metaphor 0 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Wash away all my sin” or “Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 2 h3by 0 thoroughly completely, totally
@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ PSA 51 4 t9px figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in your sight The word “sight” h
PSA 51 5 j8f9 figs-metaphor 0 I was born in iniquity Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. Alternate translation: “I was already a sinner when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 5 i2cz figs-metaphor 0 as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. Alternate translation: “even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 6 w9f4 0 See, you desire trustworthiness The use of “See” here draw our attention to the contrast between this sentence and “See, I was born in iniquity” (verse 5). “Truly I was born in iniquity…But you desire trustworthiness”
PSA 51 6 kqg1 figs-metonymy 0 you desire trustworthiness in my inner self The “inner self” represents either 1) the person’s desires or 2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 51 6 kqg1 figs-metonymy 0 you desire trustworthiness in my inner self The “inner self” represents either (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 51 7 fc52 figs-metaphor 0 Purify me…I will be clean…wash me…I will be whiter than snow Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 7 v7q2 figs-metaphor 0 Purify me with hyssop The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. Alternate translation: “Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop” or “Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 7 im87 translate-unknown 0 hyssop This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ PSA 51 7 l5n6 figs-simile 0 whiter than snow Not having sin is spoken of as bei
PSA 51 8 g7v8 figs-doublet 0 joy and gladness These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 51 8 p4ef figs-metaphor 0 so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. Alternate translation: “for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 9 gs6c figs-metaphor 0 Hide your face from my sins Thinking about someone’s sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. Alternate translation: “Do not look at my sins” or “Do not remember my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 9 b3jc figs-metaphor 0 blot out all my iniquities Forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: 1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 9 b3jc figs-metaphor 0 blot out all my iniquities Forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 10 q6ng figs-metonymy 0 Create in me a clean heart Here the “heart” represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. Alternate translation: “Make me completely devoted to you” or “Make me want to obey you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 10 bn5a figs-metonymy 0 renew a right spirit within me Here “spirit” represents the attitude and desires of a David. Alternate translation: “make my attitude right” or “make me always want to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 51 11 v6gj figs-metaphor 0 Do not drive me away from your presence “Do not force me to go away from you.” Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me as one of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ PSA 51 16 rlr8 figs-explicit 0 you do not delight in sacrifice…you have no pl
PSA 51 17 ib5d 0 The sacrifices of God “The sacrifices that please God”
PSA 51 17 e3fd figs-metaphor 0 a broken spirit A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “a person who becomes humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 51 17 r49l figs-metonymy 0 a broken and a contrite heart Being humble and sorry for one’s sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: “sorrow and humility” or “a person who is sorry for his sin and humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 51 18 sl4i figs-metaphor 0 rebuild the walls of Jerusalem The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are 1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or 2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 18 sl4i figs-metaphor 0 rebuild the walls of Jerusalem The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 51 19 qe3h 0 our people will offer bulls on your altar A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God’s instruction.
PSA 52 intro gx5r 0 # Psalm 052 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Evil people<br>Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.<br>
PSA 52 1 xe8m writing-poetry 0 General Information: In this psalm the word “you” refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1887,7 +1887,7 @@ PSA 53 1 kkk8 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to
PSA 53 1 a9tq translate-transliterate 0 set to Mahalath This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
PSA 53 1 c5we 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
PSA 53 2 cmh4 0 the children of mankind This refers to all people.
PSA 53 2 dy8r figs-metaphor 0 who seek after him Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. Possible meanings are 1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or 2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 53 2 dy8r figs-metaphor 0 who seek after him Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. Possible meanings are (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 53 3 ki3t figs-metaphor 0 They have all turned away Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from doing what is right” or “They have all rejected God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 53 4 l2u4 figs-rquestion 0 Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those…God? This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. “Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 53 4 l75m figs-metaphor 0 those who devour my people as if they were eating bread Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. Alternate translation: “those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1917,7 +1917,7 @@ PSA 54 5 gch4 figs-metaphor 0 He will repay my enemies with evil Punishment is
PSA 54 5 y135 0 in your faithfulness, destroy them Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. Alternate translation: “God, destroy them because you are faithful to me”
PSA 54 6 kq3s figs-synecdoche 0 I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good Yahweh’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 54 7 q8mm figs-synecdoche 0 my eye has looked The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: “I have looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 54 7 z3ih figs-metonymy 0 my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies Possible meanings are 1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or 2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 54 7 z3ih figs-metonymy 0 my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies Possible meanings are (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 55 intro fx5e 0 # Psalm 055 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Betrayal<br>The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.<br>
PSA 55 1 gsm2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 55 1 v48i 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
@ -1949,14 +1949,14 @@ PSA 55 12 sl4f figs-metaphor 0 raised himself up against me Being proud of ones
PSA 55 13 q1xj figs-apostrophe 0 But it was you The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
PSA 55 13 h4d4 0 myself, my companion and my close friend This can be divided and a new sentence begun. Alternate translation: “myself. You were my companion and my close friend”
PSA 55 14 uy9r 0 We The word “we” refers to the psalmist and his friend.
PSA 55 14 jnv2 0 with the throng Possible meanings are 1) “together” or 2) “with the crowd.”
PSA 55 14 jnv2 0 with the throng Possible meanings are (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.”
PSA 55 15 a7kh figs-personification 0 Let death come suddenly on them Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. Alternate translation: “Let my enemies die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 55 15 v19n figs-metaphor 0 let them go down alive to Sheol Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. Alternate translation: “let them suddenly go to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 55 15 wv2z figs-metaphor 0 wickedness is where they live Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. Alternate translation: “they always do wicked things where they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 55 15 ngt3 figs-metaphor 0 right among them This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. Alternate translation: “They always do wicked things wherever they are” or “wherever they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 55 16 v37m 0 As for me This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. Alternate translation: “But I”
PSA 55 17 wtr4 0 moan the sound people and animals make when they are in pain
PSA 55 17 jq8f figs-synecdoche 0 he will hear my voice Here “voice” represents either 1) the psalmist or 2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 55 17 jq8f figs-synecdoche 0 he will hear my voice Here “voice” represents either (1) the psalmist or (2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 55 18 g4qm figs-metonymy 0 my life Here “my life” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 55 18 t38c 0 for those who fought against me were many “for many people fought against me”
PSA 55 19 hz58 0 will hear them “will hear my enemies” or “will hear what my enemies say.” Some versions say “will hear me.”
@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ PSA 56 1 xsm1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in He
PSA 56 1 by4v 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship;”
PSA 56 1 azv1 0 set to Jonath elem rehokim This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. Alternate translation: “Sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Jonath elem rehokim’” or “Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style”
PSA 56 1 urm9 translate-unknown 0 Jonath elem rehokim This may mean “Dove on Distant Oak Trees.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
PSA 56 1 y6cg 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 56 1 y6cg 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 56 1 q2la 0 A michtam The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md).
PSA 56 1 sz95 0 press their assault “come closer and closer in order to attack me”
PSA 56 2 e4w9 figs-metaphor 0 My enemies trample me The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “My enemies attack me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@ PSA 57 1 i8s5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in He
PSA 57 1 ga1f 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 57 1 s96j 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Al Tashheth’” or “sing this using the Al Tashheth style”
PSA 57 1 yl31 translate-unknown 0 Al Tashheth This means “Do Not Destroy.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
PSA 57 1 g4tb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 57 1 g4tb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 57 1 jt8t 0 A michtam The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md).
PSA 57 1 wv56 figs-metaphor 0 I take refuge in you Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 57 1 yn99 figs-metaphor 0 I stay under your wings for protection The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. Alternate translation: “I trust you to protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2044,7 +2044,7 @@ PSA 58 intro dhx6 0 # Psalm 058 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal
PSA 58 1 qfv5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 58 1 d8qb 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 58 1 zc3z 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
PSA 58 1 x97c 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 58 1 x97c 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 58 1 xu51 figs-rquestion 0 Do you rulers speak righteousness? The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. Alternate translation: “You rulers do not say what is right!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 58 1 f3j3 figs-rquestion 0 Do you judge uprightly, you people? The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. Alternate translation: “You people never judge people uprightly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 58 2 n278 figs-you 0 you…your The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges ([Psalm 58:1](../058/001.md)) and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -2076,7 +2076,7 @@ PSA 59 intro zf27 0 # Psalm 059 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal
PSA 59 1 w4sd writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 59 1 p57e 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 59 1 me33 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md).
PSA 59 1 il5y 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 59 1 il5y 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 59 1 ks3t 0 A michtam The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md).
PSA 59 1 hk4w figs-metonymy 0 set me on high A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. Alternate translation: “put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 59 1 rjh7 figs-metonymy 0 rise up against me Rising up against someone represents attacking him. Alternate translation: “attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ PSA 62 12 n56f figs-metaphor 0 Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness
PSA 62 12 gl1p figs-metaphor 0 for you pay back every person for what he has done The writer speaks of God’s rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 63 intro py5b 0 # Psalm 063 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.<br>
PSA 63 1 rct4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 63 1 jrr4 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 63 1 jrr4 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 63 1 d7d1 0 earnestly sincerely
PSA 63 1 c3we figs-parallelism 0 my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. Alternate translation: “my whole being greatly desires to be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 63 1 x4mg 0 dry and weary land “hot, dry desert”
@ -2223,7 +2223,7 @@ PSA 64 1 j144 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to
PSA 64 1 y5d6 0 preserve save
PSA 64 2 aj26 figs-metonymy 0 Hide me from the secret plotting of evildoers Here “Hide” represents protecting, and “the secret plotting of evildoers represents” represents the harm that evildoers secretly plan to do to David. Alternate translation: “Protect me from the harm that evil doers secretly plan to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 64 2 czb5 figs-ellipsis 0 from the commotion The words “hide me” are understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “hide me from the commotion” or “protect me from the commotion”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 64 2 u721 0 the commotion of the doers of iniquity Possible meanings are that “commotion” refers to 1) a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make” or 2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity”
PSA 64 2 u721 0 the commotion of the doers of iniquity Possible meanings are that “commotion” refers to (1) a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make” or (2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity”
PSA 64 3 zhn8 figs-simile 0 They have sharpened their tongues like swords The writer speaks of his enemies’ tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here “tongues” represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. Alternate translation: “The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 64 3 ugs8 figs-metaphor 0 arrows, bitter words The writer speaks of his enemies’ bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. Alternate translation: “bitter words which pierce me like arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 64 5 blg6 figs-rquestion 0 Who will see us? The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. Alternate translation: “No one will see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ PSA 67 7 m77g figs-metonymy 0 all the ends of the earth honor him This means th
PSA 68 intro i82v 0 # Psalm 068 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### No Common Theme<br>Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.
PSA 68 1 c4xg writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 68 1 mf9s 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 68 1 e798 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 68 1 e798 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 68 1 ebe6 figs-metaphor 0 Let God arise God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. Alternate translation: “Let God begin to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 68 1 e3kc figs-activepassive 0 let his enemies be scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let God chase away his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 68 2 ea3v figs-metaphor 0 As smoke is driven away, so drive them away God’s enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2422,7 +2422,7 @@ PSA 69 5 c1z9 figs-litotes 0 my sins are not hidden from you This can be expres
PSA 69 6 l21p 0 Let not those…let not those “Do not let those…do not let those”
PSA 69 6 d5j2 figs-activepassive 0 Let not those who hope in you be put to shame because of me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to put those who wait for you to shame because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 69 6 ana6 figs-activepassive 0 let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to bring dishonor on those who seek you because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 69 6 djs5 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek you Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: 1) “those who ask you for help” or 2) “those who worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 69 6 djs5 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek you Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: (1) “those who ask you for help” or (2) “those who worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 69 7 se7t 0 For your sake “On your behalf” or “For you”
PSA 69 7 td6l figs-metaphor 0 I have borne rebuke The rebukes of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. Alternate translation: “I have endured the insults of my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 69 7 l47r figs-metaphor 0 shame has covered my face The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. Alternate translation: “I am thoroughly humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ PSA 69 30 bl7i figs-abstractnouns 0 with thanksgiving This abstract noun can be
PSA 69 31 q988 figs-explicit 0 better than an ox or a bull It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. Alternate translation: “better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 69 31 axd8 figs-distinguish 0 a bull that has horns and hooves This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. Alternate translation: “a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
PSA 69 32 b8xa figs-nominaladj 0 The meek This refers to meek people in general. Alternate translation: “Meek people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 69 32 ky6t figs-metaphor 0 you who seek after God Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “you who ask God for help” or “you who think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 69 32 ky6t figs-metaphor 0 you who seek after God Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “you who ask God for help” or “you who think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 69 32 i99y figs-synecdoche 0 let your hearts live Here “hearts” refer to the people. Here “live” is an idiom that means to be encouraged. Alternate translation: “may you be encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PSA 69 33 arn6 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh hears Here “hears” means to respond. Alternate translation: “Yahweh answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 69 33 ij3h figs-nominaladj 0 the needy This refers to needy people in general. Alternate translation: “needy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -2498,14 +2498,14 @@ PSA 69 36 s9pk figs-metonymy 0 who love his name Here “name” refers to God
PSA 70 intro qdg2 0 # Psalm 070 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Help<br>The author needs help and needs it immediately.<br><br>### Psalm 40<br>This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.
PSA 70 1 eg6f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 70 1 m2am 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
PSA 70 1 f84m 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 70 1 f84m 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
PSA 70 2 f38b 0 those who “the people who”
PSA 70 2 t9us figs-idiom 0 take my life This idiom means “kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 70 2 l7y2 figs-activepassive 0 be ashamed and humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 70 2 sxa6 figs-activepassive 0 let them be turned back and brought to dishonor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 70 2 g5lq figs-metaphor 0 turned back To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 70 3 b66b 0 those who say, “Aha, aha.” This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace “Aha, aha” with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. Alternate translation: “those who mock and laugh at me”
PSA 70 4 hi48 figs-metaphor 0 seek you Seeking God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 70 4 hi48 figs-metaphor 0 seek you Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 70 4 fiv4 figs-doublet 0 rejoice and be glad These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “rejoice greatly” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 70 4 k76h figs-abstractnouns 0 love your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 70 4 ymr2 figs-hyperbole 0 always say This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -2518,14 +2518,14 @@ PSA 71 intro r8sf 0 # Psalm 071 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal
PSA 71 1 b9md writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 71 1 lb3w figs-metaphor 0 In you, Yahweh, I take refuge Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 71 1 ew7k figs-activepassive 0 let me never be put to shame This can be stated in active form. See how “do not let me be humiliated” is translated in [Psalms 25:2](../025/002.md). Alternate translation: “never let my enemies put me to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 71 2 xl47 figs-idiom 0 make me safe in your righteousness Possible meanings are 1) “make me safe because you always do what is right” or 2) “make me safe as I do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 71 2 xl47 figs-idiom 0 make me safe in your righteousness Possible meanings are (1) “make me safe because you always do what is right” or (2) “make me safe as I do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 71 2 q2dk figs-metonymy 0 turn your ear to me Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 17:6](../017/006.md). Alternate translation: “pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 71 2 qwt1 0 save me “keep me safe”
PSA 71 3 a39u figs-metaphor 0 Be to me a rock for refuge The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 71 3 w8pz 0 rock…rock These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one’s hand.
PSA 71 3 usz4 0 you have given a command “you have commanded your angels”
PSA 71 3 xd9e figs-metaphor 0 you are my rock and my fortress The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 71 4 p4mg figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous Possible meanings are 1) the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous” or 2) “hand” refers to the person himself. Alternate translation: “from wicked people, from unrighteous…people” or “so that wicked people and unrighteous…people cannot harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 71 4 p4mg figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous Possible meanings are (1) the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous” or (2) “hand” refers to the person himself. Alternate translation: “from wicked people, from unrighteous…people” or “so that wicked people and unrighteous…people cannot harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 71 4 pb9a figs-ellipsis 0 wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous “wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous.” You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 71 4 pdn5 figs-nominaladj 0 wicked…unrighteous…cruel These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: “wicked people…unrighteous people…cruel people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 71 5 tph7 figs-metonymy 0 you are my hope Here “hope” is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2555,8 +2555,8 @@ PSA 71 15 ukx5 0 My mouth will tell about your righteousness and your salvatio
PSA 71 15 r4ct figs-synecdoche 0 My mouth will tell The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell” or “I will speak with my mouth and tell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 71 15 diu6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your righteousness This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 71 15 hjv1 figs-abstractnouns 0 your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 71 16 mem9 figs-go 0 I will come Possible meanings are 1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or 2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
PSA 71 16 ntp3 0 with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or 2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.”
PSA 71 16 mem9 figs-go 0 I will come Possible meanings are (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
PSA 71 16 ntp3 0 with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.”
PSA 71 16 xcy8 0 will make mention of “will talk about”
PSA 71 17 af7a figs-explicit 0 taught me The implied information may be stated clearly. “taught me many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 71 18 u6gc 0 God, do not forsake me “God, please do not forsake me”
@ -2579,8 +2579,8 @@ PSA 71 24 mf6u 0 they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sough
PSA 71 24 h4mq figs-activepassive 0 for they have been put to shame and are confused This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God has put to shame and confused them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 71 24 kz4y 0 those who sought my hurt This refers to the enemies of the writer. ([Psalms 71:10](../071/010.md)). See how “those who seek my hurt” is translated in [Psalms 71:13](./013.md).
PSA 72 intro h1hi 0 # Psalm 072 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings for the king<br>May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king.<br><br>### Close of Book Two<br>The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several “books.” This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David.<br>
PSA 72 1 u47g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header “a psalm of Solomon” are 1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or 2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or 3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 72 1 sep9 figs-123person 0 Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king’s son Possible meanings are 1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or 2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 72 1 u47g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header “a psalm of Solomon” are (1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or (2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or (3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 72 1 sep9 figs-123person 0 Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king’s son Possible meanings are (1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or (2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 72 1 vw1m 0 Give the king your righteous decrees “Enable the king to judge rightly”
PSA 72 1 p2xg figs-ellipsis 0 your righteousness to the king’s son The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word “righteousness” refers to making righteous decisions. Alternate translation: “give your righteousness to the king’s son” or “enable the king’s son to rule with righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 72 2 d3dt 0 May he judge If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, “the king’s son,” he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, “May the king judge” is the best translation.
@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@ PSA 72 6 fay4 figs-simile 0 May he come down like rain on the mown grass The ki
PSA 72 6 bsl9 0 May he come “I desire that he come”
PSA 72 6 v3st figs-ellipsis 0 like showers that water “May he come down like showers that water.” The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 72 7 ch52 figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous The adjective “righteous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 72 7 pqr9 0 in his days Possible meanings are 1) “while the king rules” or 2) “as long as the righteous person lives” or “as long as the righteous people live.”
PSA 72 7 pqr9 0 in his days Possible meanings are (1) “while the king rules” or (2) “as long as the righteous person lives” or “as long as the righteous people live.”
PSA 72 7 r4e2 figs-metaphor 0 may there be an abundance of peace The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An “abundance” is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “abundance” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “may righteous people live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 72 7 m2kd figs-idiom 0 till the moon is no more “as long as the moon shines” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 72 8 mm24 0 May he have dominion “May the king have dominion”
@ -2655,10 +2655,10 @@ PSA 73 7 l8fr figs-metaphor 0 evil thoughts pass through their hearts Here the
PSA 73 8 alc5 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)).
PSA 73 8 fmq4 figs-explicit 0 They mock Whom they mock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They mock God and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 73 9 b91p figs-metonymy 0 They set their mouth against the heavens Here “their mouth” is a metonym for their speech, and “heavens” is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. Alternate translation: “They speak against God, who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 73 9 cln7 figs-synecdoche 0 their tongues march through the earth The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are 1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 73 9 cln7 figs-synecdoche 0 their tongues march through the earth The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are (1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or (2) “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 73 10 t3at 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)).
PSA 73 10 ack4 0 his people turn to them Possible meanings are 1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or “the wicked people return to this place”
PSA 73 10 k4em 0 abundant waters are drained out Possible meanings are 1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or 2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink”
PSA 73 10 ack4 0 his people turn to them Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people return to this place”
PSA 73 10 k4em 0 abundant waters are drained out Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink”
PSA 73 11 k4v1 0 They say the wicked people say
PSA 73 11 iqv8 figs-rquestion 0 How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High? These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 73 13 i3dh 0 General Information: In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking.
@ -2682,7 +2682,7 @@ PSA 73 22 sb92 0 lacked insight “understood nothing”
PSA 73 22 xw9q 0 you This “you” refers to God.
PSA 73 23 v8cf 0 I am always with you The word “I” here represents Asaph. The word “you” here represents God.
PSA 73 23 mif5 figs-synecdoche 0 you hold my right hand The person’s “right hand” refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. Alternate translation: “You hold me close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 73 24 yt7j 0 receive me to glory Possible meanings are 1) “put me where people will honor me” or 2) “honor me by taking me to where you are.” See how “receive me” is translated in [Psalms 49:15](../049/015.md).
PSA 73 24 yt7j 0 receive me to glory Possible meanings are (1) “put me where people will honor me” or (2) “honor me by taking me to where you are.” See how “receive me” is translated in [Psalms 49:15](../049/015.md).
PSA 73 25 l5a5 figs-rquestion 0 Whom have I in heaven but you? You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one for me in heaven but you!” or “You are the only one I have in heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 73 25 p7l4 0 in heaven “among the gods” or “among the supernatural beings”
PSA 73 26 u7tm figs-doublet 0 My flesh and my heart These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “My body and my mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -2706,7 +2706,7 @@ PSA 74 7 h8rv 0 They…they Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentione
PSA 74 8 dt7g 0 They…They Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in [Psalms 74:4](../074/004.md).
PSA 74 8 aq36 figs-idiom 0 They said in their hearts This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They said to themselves” or “They thought to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 74 9 c4rh 0 General Information: Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees.
PSA 74 9 y2uq figs-metaphor 0 We do not see any more signs Possible meanings are 1) “We do not see any more miraculous signs from God” or 2) “All our sacred symbols are gone” or 3) the “signs” are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. Alternate translation: “They have completely destroyed our army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 74 9 y2uq figs-metaphor 0 We do not see any more signs Possible meanings are (1) “We do not see any more miraculous signs from God” or (2) “All our sacred symbols are gone” or (3) the “signs” are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. Alternate translation: “They have completely destroyed our army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 74 10 d7ac figs-rquestion 0 How long, God, will the enemy throw insults at you? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “God, the enemy has been throwing insults at you for too long!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 74 10 qxe3 figs-rquestion 0 Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems as if you will never stop the enemy from blaspheming your name!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 74 10 nv8x figs-metonymy 0 blaspheme your name The word “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “say that you are bad” or “insult you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2715,7 +2715,7 @@ PSA 74 11 m38y figs-metonymy 0 hold back your hand Here the word “hand” is
PSA 74 11 hk11 0 your right hand “your strongest hand”
PSA 74 11 nc4l figs-metonymy 0 Take your right hand from your garment The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. “Stop hiding your power and take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 74 12 n2ul 0 General Information: This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God’s mighty deeds in the history of his people.
PSA 74 12 r8vz 0 God has been my king from ancient times Possible meanings are 1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or 2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.”
PSA 74 12 r8vz 0 God has been my king from ancient times Possible meanings are (1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.”
PSA 74 12 tqm1 figs-abstractnouns 0 bringing salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 13 gap9 figs-explicit 0 You divided…in the waters Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 74 13 ag39 figs-personification 0 You divided the sea by your strength Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -2752,7 +2752,7 @@ PSA 75 1 tu5l 0 A psalm of Asaph “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” See h
PSA 75 3 a6n9 0 all the inhabitants “all the people who live on it”
PSA 75 3 xv9l figs-metaphor 0 make steady the earth’s pillars “keep the earth from being destroyed” or Alternate translation: “keep my people safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 75 4 ix6p figs-nominaladj 0 I said to the arrogant…and to the wicked The words “the arrogant” and “the wicked” are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. Alternate translation: “I said to the arrogant people…and I said to the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 75 4 wl2r 0 I said Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking or 2) Asaph is speaking.
PSA 75 4 wl2r 0 I said Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking or (2) Asaph is speaking.
PSA 75 4 yz7y figs-pronouns 0 Do not be arrogant…Do not lift The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
PSA 75 4 wg7k figs-metaphor 0 Do not lift up the horn Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “Do not be confident” or “Do not boast about how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 75 5 zai8 figs-pronouns 0 Do not lift up your…do not speak The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -2790,7 +2790,7 @@ PSA 76 8 gys7 0 you made your judgment heard “you pronounced judgment” or
PSA 76 8 ls8s figs-metonymy 0 the earth was Here “the earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 76 9 rt43 0 execute judgment “carry out judgment” or “punish wicked people”
PSA 76 10 ylu2 0 Surely your angry judgment “It is certain that your angry judgment”
PSA 76 10 wqa6 0 your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise Possible meanings are 1) “people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them” or 2) “people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you.”
PSA 76 10 wqa6 0 your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise Possible meanings are (1) “people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them” or (2) “people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you.”
PSA 76 10 f4xe figs-metaphor 0 you gird yourself with what is left of your anger Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. Alternate translation: “you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 76 11 kw7a 0 him who is to be feared “Yahweh, whom they should fear”
PSA 76 12 vwa6 figs-idiom 0 He cuts off the spirit of the princes The phrase “He cuts off the spirit” is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. Alternate translation: “He humbles the princes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@ PSA 77 8 ydt2 0 General Information: Because Asaph was not sure of the answer
PSA 77 8 d9gm figs-abstractnouns 0 Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 9 q3fw figs-doublet 0 Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion? These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 77 9 qup5 figs-personification 0 Had his anger shut off his compassion Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, Alternate translation: “Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 77 10 v28j 0 I said Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or 2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.
PSA 77 10 v28j 0 I said Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.
PSA 77 10 m81u figs-metonymy 0 the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us The “right hand” is a metonym for power, authority or strength. Alternate translation: “the Most High no longer uses his power to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 77 11 xb3t 0 General Information: The writer begins to speak to Yahweh.
PSA 77 11 esp5 figs-idiom 0 call to mind “remember” See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](../074/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2878,7 +2878,7 @@ PSA 78 21 wp71 0 Jacob This refers to the nation of Israel
PSA 78 21 k1pp figs-personification 0 his anger attacked Israel The writer speaks of Yahweh punishing Israel when he was angry as if his anger were a person who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “because he was angry, he attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 78 22 ze3v 0 did not trust in his salvation “did not trust him to save them”
PSA 78 23 er7j figs-personification 0 he commanded the skies Asaph speaks of the skies as if they were a person who could hear and obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “he spoke to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 78 23 bs7u 0 skies Possible meanings are 1) “sky” or 2) “clouds.”
PSA 78 23 bs7u 0 skies Possible meanings are (1) “sky” or (2) “clouds.”
PSA 78 23 wx6j figs-metaphor 0 opened the doors of the sky Asaph speaks of the sky as if it were a storeroom with doors. Alternate translation: “opened the sky as if it were a storeroom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 24 mrr5 0 He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven These two lines speak of the same event.
PSA 78 24 u9dw 0 He rained down manna “He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain”
@ -2944,8 +2944,8 @@ PSA 78 52 bep8 figs-simile 0 like sheep…like a flock The writer speaks about
PSA 78 53 fxw6 0 overwhelmed completely covered
PSA 78 54 w66a 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 54 bzp1 figs-metonymy 0 his right hand acquired The words “right hand” are a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “he won for himself using his own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 55 er9f 0 assigned them their inheritance Possible meanings are 1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or 2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs”
PSA 78 55 ph3l figs-idiom 0 in their tents Possible meanings are 1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or 2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 78 55 er9f 0 assigned them their inheritance Possible meanings are (1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or (2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs”
PSA 78 55 ph3l figs-idiom 0 in their tents Possible meanings are (1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or (2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 78 56 ft4l 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 56 be26 figs-doublet 0 challenged and defied These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 78 56 n34f 0 challenged They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in [Psalms 78:18](../078/018.md).
@ -2958,19 +2958,19 @@ PSA 78 61 l5jm figs-metonymy 0 He allowed his strength to be captured and gave
PSA 78 62 af4s 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 62 j359 figs-metaphor 0 He handed his people over to the sword Asaph speaks of God’s people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. Alternate translation: “He allowed people to kill all his people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 62 tj9q 0 he was angry with his heritage “he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever”
PSA 78 63 zrz5 figs-metaphor 0 Fire devoured their young men Possible meanings are 1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or 2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 63 zrz5 figs-metaphor 0 Fire devoured their young men Possible meanings are (1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or (2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 63 fil5 0 devoured To “devour” is to eat everything very quickly.
PSA 78 63 l8nc 0 wedding the celebration when people marry
PSA 78 64 t7aj figs-metonymy 0 Their priests fell by the sword Here the word “sword” represents soldiers who fought with swords. The phrase “fell by the sword” is an idiom that means to die in battle. Alternate translation: “Their priests died in battle” or “Enemies killed their priests with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 78 64 zgw6 0 their widows could not weep Possible meanings are 1) someone forced the widows not to weep or 2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals.
PSA 78 64 zgw6 0 their widows could not weep Possible meanings are (1) someone forced the widows not to weep or (2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals.
PSA 78 64 cve4 0 widows women whose husbands have died
PSA 78 65 p4ds figs-metaphor 0 the Lord awakened as one from sleep The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. Alternate translation: “the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 65 ny1d 0 like a warrior who shouts because of wine Possible meanings are 1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or 2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept.
PSA 78 65 ny1d 0 like a warrior who shouts because of wine Possible meanings are (1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or (2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept.
PSA 78 67 wl1g 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 67 rr45 figs-metonymy 0 the tent of Joseph Here the word “tent” is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 67 fzh7 0 Joseph…Ephraim Ephraim was Joseph’s son.
PSA 78 68 as8e 0 Judah…Mount Zion Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived.
PSA 78 69 dkr9 figs-simile 0 He built his sanctuary like the heavens Possible meanings for this simile are 1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or 2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 69 dkr9 figs-simile 0 He built his sanctuary like the heavens Possible meanings for this simile are (1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or (2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 69 bq5q figs-ellipsis 0 like the earth The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh’s sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 70 w3bv 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did
PSA 78 70 c6qm figs-explicit 0 from the sheepfolds “from where he was working in the sheepfolds” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]
@ -3034,7 +3034,7 @@ PSA 80 9 z9lb 0 it took root “the vine took root” or “the vine began to
PSA 80 9 g1jw 0 filled the land “its branches covered the land”
PSA 80 10 fi6a figs-activepassive 0 The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 80 10 bmv4 figs-ellipsis 0 the cedars of God by its branches “and the cedars of God were covered by its branches,” which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and its branches covered the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 80 10 rx8y 0 cedars of God Possible meanings are 1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or 2) “God’s own cedar trees.”
PSA 80 10 rx8y 0 cedars of God Possible meanings are (1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or (2) “God’s own cedar trees.”
PSA 80 11 x87h 0 the sea the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel
PSA 80 11 rmb1 0 shoots the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground
PSA 80 12 un6e 0 General Information: Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.
@ -3049,7 +3049,7 @@ PSA 80 14 z9yp 0 take notice “look at”
PSA 80 14 n1vp figs-metaphor 0 this vine The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 15 am7w figs-metonymy 0 This is the root that your right hand planted The right hand represents the Yahweh’s power and control. Alternate translation: “This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 80 15 zd8b 0 shoot the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:11](../080/011.md).
PSA 80 16 k41m 0 down; they perish because of your rebuke Possible meanings are 1) “down; your people perish because of your rebuke.” or 2) “down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!”
PSA 80 16 k41m 0 down; they perish because of your rebuke Possible meanings are (1) “down; your people perish because of your rebuke.” or (2) “down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!”
PSA 80 17 rs8s figs-metonymy 0 your hand This refers to Yahweh’s power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 80 17 t6vz figs-synecdoche 0 the man of your right hand the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 80 17 pxv7 figs-idiom 0 right hand When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3101,13 +3101,13 @@ PSA 82 intro a4le 0 # Psalm 082 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal
PSA 82 1 why9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 82 1 c9rs 0 the divine assembly “the heavenly council” or “the meeting in heaven”
PSA 82 1 xb2b figs-abstractnouns 0 he renders judgment “he gives judgment.” The abstract noun “judgment” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 82 1 x4p7 0 the gods Possible meanings are 1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. Alternate translation: “the divine beings” or “the heavenly judges” or 2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. Alternate translation: “the rulers”
PSA 82 1 x4p7 0 the gods Possible meanings are (1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. Alternate translation: “the divine beings” or “the heavenly judges” or (2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. Alternate translation: “the rulers”
PSA 82 2 h4lp figs-rquestion 0 How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked? Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 82 3 k9hy figs-nominaladj 0 poor…fatherless…afflicted…destitute These words are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor…those who are fatherless…those who are afflicted…those who are destitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 82 3 a8r9 0 maintain the rights of the “do what is right for the”
PSA 82 4 f1ay figs-nominaladj 0 poor…needy…wicked These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor…those who are needy…those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 82 4 x9up figs-metonymy 0 take them out of the hand of the wicked Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “stop the wicked people from harming them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 82 5 c2bz 0 They neither Possible meanings are 1) “they” refers to the gods or 2) “they” refers to the wicked people.
PSA 82 5 c2bz 0 They neither Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the gods or (2) “they” refers to the wicked people.
PSA 82 5 ar42 figs-metaphor 0 they wander around in the darkness Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 82 5 r4ui figs-metaphor 0 all the foundations of the earth crumble The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 82 5 l1x8 0 crumble fall apart
@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ PSA 83 14 j9u1 figs-simile 0 like the fire that burns the forest, and like the
PSA 83 15 ax1z figs-simile 0 Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 83 16 c54c figs-synecdoche 0 Fill their faces with shame Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Make them very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 83 16 q834 figs-metonymy 0 they might seek your name Here “name” represents God’s power. God’s enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they might acknowledge that you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 83 16 rq63 0 seek your name Possible meanings are 1) God’s enemies admit that God is powerful or 2) God’s enemies are asking God for help or 3) God’s enemies start to worship and obey him.
PSA 83 16 rq63 0 seek your name Possible meanings are (1) God’s enemies admit that God is powerful or (2) God’s enemies are asking God for help or (3) God’s enemies start to worship and obey him.
PSA 83 17 q6j1 figs-activepassive 0 May they be put to shame and be terrified forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them ashamed and terrified forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 83 17 l9px 0 may they perish in disgrace “may they die while they are ashamed”
PSA 83 18 y45v 0 Then they will know This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. Alternate translation: “Cause them to know”
@ -3171,7 +3171,7 @@ PSA 84 3 c9d8 translate-unknown 0 sparrow…swallow These are types of birds. (
PSA 84 3 y2c8 0 found her a house “found her a home” or “made her a home”
PSA 84 3 pqi7 figs-ellipsis 0 the swallow a nest Here the words “has found” or “has made” are understood. Alternate translation: “the swallow has found a nest” or “the swallow has made a nest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 84 3 xwe2 0 where she may lay her young “where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies”
PSA 84 4 c9r1 0 they who live in your house Possible meanings are 1) “they” refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or 2) “they” refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple.
PSA 84 4 c9r1 0 they who live in your house Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or (2) “they” refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple.
PSA 84 4 rs8w 0 praise you continually “keep praising you again and again”
PSA 84 5 nkn2 figs-genericnoun 0 Blessed is the man Here “man” refers to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
PSA 84 5 pd3t figs-metaphor 0 whose strength is in you God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. Alternate translation: “whom you strengthen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3212,9 +3212,9 @@ PSA 85 8 f1q2 0 make peace with his people “have a peaceful relationship wit
PSA 85 8 mt5f figs-metaphor 0 Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. Alternate translation: “Yet they must not start doing foolish things again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 85 9 q85w figs-metaphor 0 Surely his salvation is near to those God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. Alternate translation: “Surely God is ready to save those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 85 9 w9na figs-metonymy 0 then glory will remain in our land Here “glory” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “then his glorious presence will remain in our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 85 10 r9mp figs-abstractnouns 0 Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are 1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him” or 2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 85 10 r9mp figs-abstractnouns 0 Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are (1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him” or (2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 85 10 vxd4 0 have met together…have kissed each other Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. Alternate translation: “will meet together…will kiss each other”
PSA 85 10 ilq2 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness and peace have kissed each other Possible meanings are 1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or 2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 85 10 ilq2 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness and peace have kissed each other Possible meanings are (1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or (2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 85 10 pbn4 0 kissed each other This was a common way for friends to greet each other.
PSA 85 11 y3gv figs-metaphor 0 Trustworthiness springs up from the ground The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Here on earth, we will be loyal to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 85 11 uw31 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness looks down from the sky The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. Alternate translation: “God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -3313,7 +3313,7 @@ PSA 89 1 dqe7 translate-names 0 Ethan This is the name of the writer. (See: [[r
PSA 89 1 sv5i figs-abstractnouns 0 acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “faithful acts” or “loving acts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 89 2 pbm7 figs-metaphor 0 Covenant faithfulness has been established forever God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 89 2 hn1i figs-metaphor 0 your truthfulness you have established in the heavens God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 89 2 l9ik 0 in the heavens Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or 2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky .
PSA 89 2 l9ik 0 in the heavens Possible meanings are (1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or (2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky .
PSA 89 3 d13j figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my chosen one You can make explicit that “chosen one” refers to David. Alternate translation: “I made a promise to David, the one I chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 89 3 y54c 0 I have made Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4.
PSA 89 4 yr1g figs-metaphor 0 I will establish your descendants forever Yahweh always causing one of David’s descendants to be king is spoken of as if David’s descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3398,7 +3398,7 @@ PSA 89 46 y4fv figs-simile 0 your anger burn like fire God being very angry is
PSA 89 47 ajl2 figs-abstractnouns 0 for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind The abstract noun “uselessness” can be stated as “uselessly.” Alternate translation: “that you have created all people to die uselessly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 89 47 fe7m figs-gendernotations 0 the children of mankind This refers to humans in general. Alternate translation: “humans” or “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
PSA 89 48 er51 figs-rquestion 0 Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol? The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. Alternate translation: “No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 89 48 gg9s figs-metonymy 0 rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol Here “hand” refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are 1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or 2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 89 48 gg9s figs-metonymy 0 rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol Here “hand” refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are (1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or (2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 89 49 hvz7 figs-rquestion 0 Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness? The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. Alternate translation: “Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 89 49 b6dc figs-abstractnouns 0 your former acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract nouns “acts” and “faithfulness” can be translated with a verb and an adverb. Alternate translation: “the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 89 50 v1jl figs-idiom 0 Call to mind The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3463,7 +3463,7 @@ PSA 91 3 ss8i figs-ellipsis 0 For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunt
PSA 91 3 laj3 0 the snare of the hunter “from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you”
PSA 91 4 k4cn figs-metaphor 0 He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge God’s protection is here referred to as “wings” which a bird uses to cover its’ young from danger. “Cover you with his wings” and “under his wings” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “He will keep you safe and protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 91 4 j3p2 figs-metaphor 0 His trustworthiness is a shield and protection God’s trustworthiness is here referred to as a “shield” which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trust.” Alternate translation: “You can trust him to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 91 4 f8d9 0 protection No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are 1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or 2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows.
PSA 91 4 f8d9 0 protection No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are (1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or (2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows.
PSA 91 5 yp8k figs-metonymy 0 terror in the night The psalmist speaks of “terror” as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. Alternate translation: “things attacking you at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 91 5 g6en figs-merism 0 in the night…by day These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 91 5 b8kc figs-metonymy 0 the arrow that flies by day “Arrow” here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. Alternate translation: “people attacking you with arrows during the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3511,17 +3511,17 @@ PSA 92 9 dk5v figs-activepassive 0 All those who do evil will be scattered This
PSA 92 9 l7k2 0 will be scattered Many texts read, “have been scattered.”
PSA 92 9 g3wa 0 be scattered “driven away”
PSA 92 10 e26g figs-metonymy 0 You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox The psalmist speaks of God as if he had made him as strong as a wild animal. Here his “horn” represents his strength. Alternate translation: “You have made me as strong as a wild ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 92 10 gid3 figs-metaphor 0 I am anointed with fresh oil Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God 1) making him happy “you have made me very happy” or 2) making him strong, “you have made me strong” or 3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, “you have enabled me to defeat my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 10 gid3 figs-metaphor 0 I am anointed with fresh oil Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God (1) making him happy “you have made me very happy” or (2) making him strong, “you have made me strong” or (3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, “you have enabled me to defeat my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 11 kpw5 figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes The words “eyes” and “ears” are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. Alternate translation: “I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 92 12 q7cc figs-simile 0 The righteous will flourish like the palm tree Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will 1) be strong or 2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 92 12 dyq1 figs-simile 0 they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because 1) they will be strong or 2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 92 12 q7cc figs-simile 0 The righteous will flourish like the palm tree Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will (1) be strong or (2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 92 12 dyq1 figs-simile 0 they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because (1) they will be strong or (2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 92 13 lk33 figs-activepassive 0 They are planted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has planted them” or “Yahweh takes care of them as if they were trees he had planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 13 sh46 figs-metaphor 0 in the house of Yahweh…in the courts of our God The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh’s house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 13 g7gv figs-metaphor 0 they flourish The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were healthy trees. Alternate translation: “they are growing well” or “they are very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 13 rg5j 0 in the courts of our God in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem.
PSA 92 14 pf43 figs-metaphor 0 They bear fruit The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. Alternate translation: “They please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 14 m2x1 figs-metaphor 0 they stay fresh and green The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. Alternate translation: “they remain strong and healthy” or “they always do what pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 15 sev8 0 to proclaim that These words continue the thought begun by the words “they stay fresh and green” in ([Psalms 92:14](../092/014.md)). Possible meanings are 1) “they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim” or 2) “they stay fresh and green. This shows that.”
PSA 92 15 sev8 0 to proclaim that These words continue the thought begun by the words “they stay fresh and green” in ([Psalms 92:14](../092/014.md)). Possible meanings are (1) “they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim” or (2) “they stay fresh and green. This shows that.”
PSA 92 15 fh1p figs-metaphor 0 He is my rock “Yahweh is the one who protects me.” The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 93 intro r2fh 0 # Psalm 093 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean.<br>
PSA 93 1 gs1h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -3564,7 +3564,7 @@ PSA 94 8 ybz4 figs-rquestion 0 when will you ever learn? This rhetorical questi
PSA 94 9 b851 figs-rquestion 0 He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. Alternate translation: “God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see.” or “God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 94 10 p12i 0 General Information: The writer continues instructing the wicked people.
PSA 94 10 ig2v figs-rquestion 0 He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct? This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. Alternate translation: “You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!” or “he will punish his people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 94 10 ex2w figs-litotes 0 does he not correct This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are 1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or 2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 94 10 ex2w figs-litotes 0 does he not correct This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are (1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or (2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 94 11 s3c6 figs-metaphor 0 that they are vapor Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 94 11 z81z 0 vapor “mist.” See how this word is translated in [Psalms 39:11](../039/011.md)
PSA 94 12 dl5m 0 General Information: Now the writer again talks to Yahweh.
@ -3586,15 +3586,15 @@ PSA 94 21 z1ls 0 conspire secretly plan with a person something harmful or ill
PSA 94 21 rnk5 figs-idiom 0 take the life of This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 94 22 k9hg figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has been my high tower Here “tower” is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has protected me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 94 22 r48i figs-metaphor 0 God has been the rock of my refuge The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how “rock” and “refuge” are translated in [Psalms 62:7](../062/007.md). Alternate translation: “I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 94 23 fx4p 0 will bring on them their own iniquity Possible meanings are 1) “will do to them the evil things they have done to others” or 2) “will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others.”
PSA 94 23 fx4p 0 will bring on them their own iniquity Possible meanings are (1) “will do to them the evil things they have done to others” or (2) “will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others.”
PSA 94 23 qc5b figs-idiom 0 cut them off This is an idiom which means “kill them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 94 23 i6z5 0 in their own wickedness Possible meanings are 1) “while they are doing wicked things” or 2) “because they have done wicked things.”
PSA 94 23 i6z5 0 in their own wickedness Possible meanings are (1) “while they are doing wicked things” or (2) “because they have done wicked things.”
PSA 95 intro e91f 0 # Psalm 095 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s care<br>God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.
PSA 95 1 qaf5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 95 1 gv24 figs-metaphor 0 the rock of our salvation The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how “rock” and “of my salvation” are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). Alternate translation: “the rock where we can go and God will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 95 2 q5qb figs-metaphor 0 enter his presence The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: “go to where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 95 2 g5i4 0 with thanksgiving “thanking him as we enter his presence”
PSA 95 3 ufc9 0 superior to all gods Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king 1) “who rules over all other gods,” or 2) “who is much better than all gods.”
PSA 95 3 ufc9 0 superior to all gods Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king (1) “who rules over all other gods,” or (2) “who is much better than all gods.”
PSA 95 4 j19t figs-idiom 0 In his hand This is an idiom which means “in his control” or “he is responsible for.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 95 4 gf4l 0 depths deep places
PSA 95 4 bx51 0 heights high places
@ -3638,7 +3638,7 @@ PSA 96 9 pb7y 0 tremble to shake because of fear
PSA 96 9 ud6d figs-metonymy 0 all the earth Here “earth” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 10 hsr2 figs-activepassive 0 The world also is established This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He also established the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 96 10 yhs7 figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be shaken This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can shake it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 96 11 p26n figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are 1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or 2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 11 p26n figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 11 v2y3 figs-explicit 0 that which fills it shout with joy The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 96 12 ms99 figs-personification 0 Let the fields rejoice and all that is in them “Let the fields and all that is in them rejoice.” The psalmist speaks as if “the fields” and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 96 12 j65h figs-personification 0 let all the trees in the forest shout for joy This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. Alternate translation: “let it be as if all the trees in the forest shout for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -3646,11 +3646,11 @@ PSA 96 13 gp2k figs-parallelism 0 He is coming to judge the earth. He will judg
PSA 96 13 jp59 0 to judge…will judge Another possible meaning is “to rule…will rule.”
PSA 96 13 yk8h figs-metonymy 0 He will judge the world with righteousness Here “the world” is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 9:8](../009/008.md). Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 13 yn8l figs-ellipsis 0 the peoples with his faithfulness The words “he will judge” are understood. Alternate translation: “he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 96 13 z7r2 figs-abstractnouns 0 with his faithfulness The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or 2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 96 13 z7r2 figs-abstractnouns 0 with his faithfulness The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 97 intro ydx4 0 # Psalm 097 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s authority<br>All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.<br>
PSA 97 1 myd1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 97 1 aa9a figs-personification 0 let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 97 1 n5lw 0 coastlands Possible meanings are 1) “lands near the seas” or 2) “islands.”
PSA 97 1 n5lw 0 coastlands Possible meanings are (1) “lands near the seas” or (2) “islands.”
PSA 97 2 rl3n 0 Clouds and darkness surround him “We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him”
PSA 97 2 h2md figs-metonymy 0 Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne The word “throne” is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. Alternate translation: “He is righteous and just in everything he does” or “He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 97 2 tat1 figs-metonymy 0 the foundation of his throne Here “the foundation of his throne” refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3659,7 +3659,7 @@ PSA 97 3 nz83 0 consumes his adversaries “burns up his enemies”
PSA 97 4 th94 figs-personification 0 the earth sees and trembles The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. Alternate translation: “like a person, the earth sees and trembles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 97 4 c2ef 0 trembles shakes with fear
PSA 97 5 r8fc figs-simile 0 The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. Alternate translation: “The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near” or “The mountains crumble in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 97 6 t73s figs-personification 0 The skies declare his justice Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh’s messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies” or 2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. Alternate translation: “All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 97 6 t73s figs-personification 0 The skies declare his justice Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh’s messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies” or (2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. Alternate translation: “All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 97 8 t6tg figs-metonymy 0 Zion heard…the towns of Judah This refers to the people who live in these lands. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion heard…the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 97 9 fh9w figs-metaphor 0 are most high above all The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “rule over all the people who live on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 97 9 etq9 figs-metaphor 0 You are exalted far The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “You are high, far” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3671,7 +3671,7 @@ PSA 97 11 a81f figs-ellipsis 0 gladness for those with honest hearts The words
PSA 97 11 tqu7 figs-synecdoche 0 those with honest hearts The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “honest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 97 12 bkn2 0 General Information: This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: “Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness.”
PSA 97 12 h6wc figs-idiom 0 Be glad in Yahweh This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. Alternate translation: “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 97 12 df6i figs-metonymy 0 when you remember his holiness Possible meanings are 1) “when you remember how holy he is” or 2) “to his holy name,” a metonym for “to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 97 12 df6i figs-metonymy 0 when you remember his holiness Possible meanings are (1) “when you remember how holy he is” or (2) “to his holy name,” a metonym for “to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 98 intro rt9w 0 # Psalm 098 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise.<br>
PSA 98 1 p45q writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 98 1 p2zl 0 a new song a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in [Psalms 96:1](../096/001.md).
@ -3834,8 +3834,8 @@ PSA 104 2 dy5x figs-simile 0 you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain Her
PSA 104 3 mw5b 0 You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds “You build your upper rooms in the heavens.” This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds.
PSA 104 3 wvf4 figs-metaphor 0 you make the clouds your chariot Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. Alternate translation: “you make the clouds carry you like a chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 3 cb6d figs-metaphor 0 you walk on the wings of the wind Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. Alternate translation: “you walk upon the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 4 h3wj figs-personification 0 He makes the winds his messengers Possible meanings are 1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, “He makes the winds to be like his messengers” or 2) “He makes his messengers swift like the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 4 hx2d figs-personification 0 flames of fire his servants Possible meanings are 1) “he causes flames of fire to be like his servants.” He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or 2) “he makes his servants to be like flames of fire”and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 4 h3wj figs-personification 0 He makes the winds his messengers Possible meanings are (1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, “He makes the winds to be like his messengers” or (2) “He makes his messengers swift like the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 4 hx2d figs-personification 0 flames of fire his servants Possible meanings are (1) “he causes flames of fire to be like his servants.” He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or (2) “he makes his servants to be like flames of fire”and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 104 4 m17r figs-ellipsis 0 flames of fire his servants This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. Alternate translation: “He makes the flames of fire his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 104 5 slc5 figs-idiom 0 He laid the foundations of the earth Here the phrase “laid the foundations” means “created.” Alternate translation: “He created the whole earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 104 6 uvx2 figs-simile 0 You covered the earth with water like a garment Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. Alternate translation: “You completely covered the earth with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -4038,7 +4038,7 @@ PSA 107 10 d8zk figs-explicit 0 Some sat It is implied that these are people th
PSA 107 10 pb1i figs-doublet 0 in darkness and in gloom Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. Alternate translation: “in complete darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 107 11 hv2f figs-parallelism 0 they had rebelled against God’s word…rejected the instruction of the Most High These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 107 12 n1vf figs-synecdoche 0 He humbled their hearts through hardship Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. Alternate translation: “He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 107 12 pw85 0 hardship Possible meanings are 1) “trouble” or 2) “hard labor.”
PSA 107 12 pw85 0 hardship Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” or (2) “hard labor.”
PSA 107 12 rn21 figs-explicit 0 they stumbled and there was no one to help them up The word “stumbled” refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. Alternate translation: “they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 13 ee2r figs-explicit 0 Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md). Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 13 w6na 0 their distress “difficulties” or “afflictions.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md)
@ -4052,7 +4052,7 @@ PSA 107 17 cg19 0 They were foolish in their rebellious ways “They were fool
PSA 107 17 w525 figs-explicit 0 and afflicted “and they suffered.” Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. Alternate translation: “and they became sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 18 qkk6 figs-metaphor 0 they came close to the gates of death Here the act of “dying” is described as a place, “the gates of death” Alternate translation: “they almost died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 107 19 h1yt figs-explicit 0 Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md). Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 20 q29l figs-personification 0 He sent his word and healed them Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are 1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or 2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 107 20 q29l figs-personification 0 He sent his word and healed them Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 107 21 b9jy figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 22 qpm7 0 of thanksgiving “that show that they are thankful”
PSA 107 22 ct4t 0 in singing “by singing about them”
@ -4088,7 +4088,7 @@ PSA 107 40 i78e figs-explicit 0 the leaders “the nobles.” This refers to th
PSA 107 40 b5e5 0 where there are no roads “where people never go”
PSA 107 41 eaq2 0 But he “But Yahweh”
PSA 107 41 a9fb figs-nominaladj 0 the needy This refers to needy people. Alternate translation: “needy people” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 107 41 n1pw figs-simile 0 cares for his families like a flock Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are 1) “makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks” or 2) “takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 107 41 n1pw figs-simile 0 cares for his families like a flock Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are (1) “makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks” or (2) “takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 107 42 j8l2 figs-nominaladj 0 The upright This refers to people who live in an upright way. Alternate translation: “Upright people” or “People who do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 107 42 pa98 figs-metonymy 0 all wickedness Here wicked people are referred to as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “all wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 107 42 s6wb figs-idiom 0 shuts its mouth This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: “has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -4158,7 +4158,7 @@ PSA 109 16 qim3 0 to death “until they died.” This means that he harassed
PSA 109 17 va8l 0 may it come back upon him “may his curses come upon him”
PSA 109 18 msj4 figs-metaphor 0 He clothed himself with cursing as his garment David speaks of the wicked person’s behavior as if it were his clothing. Alternate translation: “He cursed other people as often as he wore clothing” or “He cursed people all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 109 18 dq39 0 as his garment “as if they were his clothing”
PSA 109 18 h86c figs-metaphor 0 his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones Possible meanings are: 1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. “the curses that he speaks are part of who he is” or 2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. “his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 109 18 h86c figs-metaphor 0 his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones Possible meanings are: (1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. “the curses that he speaks are part of who he is” or (2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. “his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 109 18 h7bb figs-explicit 0 like water This refers to how a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “like water a person drinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 109 18 bkc9 figs-explicit 0 like oil into his bones This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. Alternate translation: “like olive oil soaks into a person’s bones when it is rubbed on his skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 109 19 u676 figs-simile 0 May his curses be to him like the clothes he wears to cover himself People wore their clothes everyday. David speaks of a wicked person always being cursed as if his curses always covered him as his clothing does. Alternate translation: “Let his curses be on him every day like the garment he wears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -4210,21 +4210,21 @@ PSA 110 6 sc5q figs-metonymy 0 he will kill the leaders in many countries This
PSA 110 7 uw7e figs-explicit 0 He will drink of the brook along the road The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. Alternate translation: “As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 110 7 mb7t figs-synecdoche 0 of the brook This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. Alternate translation: “he will drink water from the brook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 110 7 hi2c 0 and then “and so” or “therefore”
PSA 110 7 qf91 0 he will lift his head Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king.
PSA 110 7 qf91 0 he will lift his head Possible meanings are (1) the king lifts up his own head or (2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king.
PSA 110 7 c1xr figs-idiom 0 he will lift his head up high after victory People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. Alternate translation: “he will confidently lift his head after victory” or “he will be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 111 intro mk5d 0 # Psalm 111 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s character<br>God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
PSA 111 1 gj78 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 111 1 ydq8 figs-metonymy 0 with my whole heart Here the word “heart” represents the person’s entire inner being and emotions. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 111 1 wk3i figs-doublet 0 in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. Alternate translation: “in the gathering of upright people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 111 2 t1nm figs-activepassive 0 eagerly awaited by all those who desire them The word “them” refers to the “works of Yahweh.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 111 2 hfu9 0 eagerly awaited Possible meanings are 1) “sought after” or 2) “studied.”
PSA 111 2 hfu9 0 eagerly awaited Possible meanings are (1) “sought after” or (2) “studied.”
PSA 111 4 iu4t figs-activepassive 0 that will be remembered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people will always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 111 5 b5ar figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom that means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 111 6 xr2m 0 his powerful works “his works that demonstrated his power”
PSA 111 6 v69n figs-metaphor 0 the inheritance of the nations The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that belonged to other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 111 7 t14c figs-synecdoche 0 The works of his hands Here the word “hands” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “The works that he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 111 8 aj31 figs-activepassive 0 They are established forever This means that Yahweh’s instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He has established them forever” or “They will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 111 8 shk9 figs-activepassive 0 to be observed faithfully and properly Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or 2) his people are to observe Yahweh’s instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for his people to observe them faithfully and properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 111 8 shk9 figs-activepassive 0 to be observed faithfully and properly Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or (2) his people are to observe Yahweh’s instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for his people to observe them faithfully and properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 111 9 e4zm figs-metonymy 0 holy and awesome is his name Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is holy and awesome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 111 10 x95h figs-abstractnouns 0 the beginning of wisdom The word “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the first step to becoming wise” or “the most important thing to become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 111 10 rv8i 0 those who carry out his instructions “those who obey his instructions”
@ -4241,13 +4241,13 @@ PSA 112 6 p13c 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues
PSA 112 6 vvk4 figs-activepassive 0 For he will never be moved he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For nothing will ever move him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 112 6 d3ji figs-activepassive 0 the righteous person will be remembered forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will remember the righteous person forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 112 8 p92s 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
PSA 112 8 b8q2 figs-synecdoche 0 His heart is tranquil “His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. Possible meanings are 1) “He is at peace” or 2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 112 8 b8q2 figs-synecdoche 0 His heart is tranquil “His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. Possible meanings are (1) “He is at peace” or (2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 112 9 yw9m 0 his righteousness endures forever “his righteous deeds will endure forever.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 112:3](../112/003.md).
PSA 112 9 d44a figs-activepassive 0 he will be exalted with honor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 112 10 rn5k 0 will see this “will see that things go well for the godly person.” The word “this” refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person.
PSA 112 10 c3ev translate-symaction 0 he will grind his teeth in rage The grinding of teeth is an expression of extreme anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 35:16](../035/016.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 112 10 xx9c figs-metaphor 0 melt away The writer speaks of the wicked person’s eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. Alternate translation: “eventually die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 112 10 ig26 figs-metonymy 0 the desire of the wicked people will perish Possible meanings of “desire” are 1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: “the things that wicked people want to do will never happen” or 2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: “wicked people will lose the things that they desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 112 10 ig26 figs-metonymy 0 the desire of the wicked people will perish Possible meanings of “desire” are (1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: “the things that wicked people want to do will never happen” or (2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: “wicked people will lose the things that they desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 113 intro p4uj 0 # Psalm 113 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children.<br>
PSA 113 1 qx3m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 113 1 pvw9 figs-metonymy 0 the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -4265,14 +4265,14 @@ PSA 114 intro vu9f 0 # Psalm 114 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa
PSA 114 1 eph8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 114 1 d4dj figs-parallelism 0 When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language These two lines are parallel, with “Israel” and “the house of Jacob” meaning the same thing and “Egypt” and “that foreign people” referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 114 1 trv6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language The word “house” here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob left people who spoke a language that the descendants of Jacob did not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 114 2 rxv7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom Possible meanings for “Judah” and “Israel” are 1) they refer to the land. Alternate translation: “The land of Judah became Yahweh’s holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom” or 2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 114 2 rxv7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom Possible meanings for “Judah” and “Israel” are (1) they refer to the land. Alternate translation: “The land of Judah became Yahweh’s holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom” or (2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 114 3 pq6x figs-personification 0 The sea looked and fled The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “It was as though the sea looked and fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 114 3 wht9 figs-personification 0 the Jordan turned back The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “it was as though the Jordan retreated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 114 4 hr5q figs-personification 0 The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. Alternate translation: “It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 114 5 a5rh figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, “because of the presence of the Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 114 6 m256 figs-personification 0 skip like rams…skip like lambs The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in [Psalms 114:4](./004.md). Alternate translation: “shake like jumping rams…shake like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 114 7 xi33 figs-parallelism 0 Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. Alternate translation: “Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 114 7 k6tn figs-personification 0 Tremble, earth Possible meanings are 1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or 2) the word “earth” is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “Tremble, everyone one earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 114 7 k6tn figs-personification 0 Tremble, earth Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “Tremble, everyone one earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 114 8 u6n5 figs-parallelism 0 He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 114 8 ca4j figs-ellipsis 0 the hard rock into a spring of water The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “He turned the hard rock into a spring of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 115 intro it4i 0 # Psalm 115 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
@ -4294,7 +4294,7 @@ PSA 115 10 fa9s figs-metonymy 0 House of Aaron Here the word “House” repres
PSA 115 12 sbd2 0 takes notice of us “has paid attention to us”
PSA 115 12 bns5 figs-metonymy 0 the family of Israel This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 115 12 bu8h figs-metonymy 0 the family of Aaron This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” or “the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 115 13 j4vy figs-merism 0 both young and old “both small and great.” Possible meanings are that this refers 1) to social status or 2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 115 13 j4vy figs-merism 0 both young and old “both small and great.” Possible meanings are that this refers (1) to social status or (2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 115 14 fg71 figs-explicit 0 May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 115 14 ezp4 0 yours and your descendants’ “both your children and your descendants’ children.” The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well.
PSA 115 15 psd5 figs-activepassive 0 May you be blessed by Yahweh, who made heaven and earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh, who made heaven and earth, bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -4375,7 +4375,7 @@ PSA 118 20 auq4 0 the gate of Yahweh “the gate that leads to Yahweh’s pres
PSA 118 21 u256 0 I will give thanks to you Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh.
PSA 118 21 dqj9 figs-abstractnouns 0 you have become my salvation The word “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you have saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 22 kk3n writing-proverbs 0 The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
PSA 118 23 ta5n figs-idiom 0 it is marvelous in our eyes Possible meanings are 1) “it is a marvelous thing for us to see” or 2) “we consider it to be a marvelous thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 118 23 ta5n figs-idiom 0 it is marvelous in our eyes Possible meanings are (1) “it is a marvelous thing for us to see” or (2) “we consider it to be a marvelous thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 118 24 k6jd figs-doublet 0 rejoice and be glad These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 118 26 wj3i 0 Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh Here the priests begin to address the king.
PSA 118 26 iq2u figs-metonymy 0 he who comes in the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -4419,15 +4419,15 @@ PSA 119 17 fr7n 0 your servant The writer called himself “your servant” to
PSA 119 18 jpj2 figs-metaphor 0 Open my eyes so that I may see The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. Alternate translation: Help me to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 18 d25d figs-metaphor 0 marvelous things in your law The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 18 a35a 0 in your law “in your instructions” or “in your commands”
PSA 119 19 att5 figs-metaphor 0 I am a foreigner in the land Possible meanings are 1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or 2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 19 att5 figs-metaphor 0 I am a foreigner in the land Possible meanings are (1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or (2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 20 y84c figs-metaphor 0 My desires are crushed by the longing The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. Alternate translation: “My inner being strongly desires to know” or “My soul aches because I want so much to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 21 r8y6 0 who are cursed Possible meanings are that 1) God will curse them or 2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment”
PSA 119 21 r8y6 0 who are cursed Possible meanings are that (1) God will curse them or (2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment”
PSA 119 21 k8t4 figs-metaphor 0 who wander from your commandments The writer speaks of disobeying God’s commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. Alternate translation: “who go away from the path of your commandments” or “who disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 22 nqp7 0 Spare me from “Keep me from” or “Rescue me from”
PSA 119 23 z9ci 0 Though rulers plot and slander me “Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me”
PSA 119 24 pb1g 0 Your covenant decrees are my delight “Your covenant decrees make me very happy.”
PSA 119 24 rta6 figs-personification 0 they are my counselors God’s decrees are spoken of as if they were people. Alternate translation: “they are like wise counselors to me” or “they give me wise counsel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 119 25 v3c7 figs-idiom 0 My life clings to the dust This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that 1) he thought that he would die soon, or 2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or 3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 25 v3c7 figs-idiom 0 My life clings to the dust This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that (1) he thought that he would die soon, or (2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or (3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 25 cn62 figs-idiom 0 Give me life by your word This is an idiom. Here “life” refers to purpose and significance, not just biological life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 25 ks95 0 by your word “according to your promise”
PSA 119 26 u8j6 figs-metaphor 0 my ways What a person does or how he behaves is spoken of as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “what I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4435,14 +4435,14 @@ PSA 119 27 x7qh 0 wondrous teachings “amazing teachings”
PSA 119 28 n45q 0 with grief “because I am so sad”
PSA 119 28 n4h6 0 Strengthen me “Make me strong.” This may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength.
PSA 119 29 n1pn figs-metaphor 0 Turn from me the path of deceit The word “path” here refers to a way of behaving. Alternate translation: “Keep me from following the path of deceit” or “Prevent me from being deceptive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 29 p23d 0 deceit Possible meanings are 1) “lying” or 2) “believing lies” or “following lies.”
PSA 119 29 p23d 0 deceit Possible meanings are (1) “lying” or (2) “believing lies” or “following lies.”
PSA 119 30 u8gw figs-metaphor 0 the way of faithfulness How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “to be faithful to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 31 hf1b figs-metaphor 0 I cling to your covenant decrees Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. Alternate translation: “I hold tightly to your covenant decrees” or “I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 31 zc7g 0 covenant decrees This refers to the law of Moses.
PSA 119 32 zq4i figs-metaphor 0 I will run in the path of your commandments The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God’s commands as if one is running on a path. Alternate translation: “I will be committed to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 32 fzh3 figs-idiom 0 you enlarge my heart This is an idiom. Possible meanings are 1) “you help me gain greater understanding of your commands” or 2) “you give me greater desire to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 32 fzh3 figs-idiom 0 you enlarge my heart This is an idiom. Possible meanings are (1) “you help me gain greater understanding of your commands” or (2) “you give me greater desire to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 33 eg16 0 your statutes This is another way of describing the law of Moses.
PSA 119 33 j4dt 0 to the end Possible meanings are 1) “completely” or 2) “to the end of my life” or 3) “to the end of time.”
PSA 119 33 j4dt 0 to the end Possible meanings are (1) “completely” or (2) “to the end of my life” or (3) “to the end of time.”
PSA 119 34 uwv4 0 keep your law “obey your law”
PSA 119 34 r2ux 0 I will observe it with all my heart “I will surely observe your law” or “I am completely committed to doing what it says”
PSA 119 34 ij5y figs-idiom 0 with all my heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “with all my being” or “with everything in me” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -4458,17 +4458,17 @@ PSA 119 38 x2tw figs-explicit 0 your servant The writer referred to himself as
PSA 119 39 yau8 0 I dread “I am very afraid of”
PSA 119 39 mk9g figs-abstractnouns 0 your righteous judgments are good God judges rightly and his decisions are good. Alternate translation: “Your judgments are righteous and good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 40 yl75 0 See This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing.
PSA 119 40 d8v4 0 I have longed for your instructions Possible meanings are 1) “I want very much to know your instructions” or 2) “I want very much to obey what you teach us to do.”
PSA 119 40 d8v4 0 I have longed for your instructions Possible meanings are (1) “I want very much to know your instructions” or (2) “I want very much to obey what you teach us to do.”
PSA 119 40 pr5m figs-abstractnouns 0 revive me in your righteousness The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun and refers to being righteous. Alternate translation: “revive me because you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 40 ci53 0 revive me Possible meanings are 1) “Keep me alive” or 2) “Make me strong.”
PSA 119 40 ci53 0 revive me Possible meanings are (1) “Keep me alive” or (2) “Make me strong.”
PSA 119 41 fa7w figs-ellipsis 0 your salvation You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “give me your salvation” or “save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 119 42 vms5 0 a reply “an answer” or “a response”
PSA 119 43 j9dg 0 Do not take the word of truth from my mouth Here the writer is represented by his “mouth.” Possible meanings are 1) “never prevent me from speaking the message about the truth” or 2) “never prevent me from speaking the true message.”
PSA 119 43 j9dg 0 Do not take the word of truth from my mouth Here the writer is represented by his “mouth.” Possible meanings are (1) “never prevent me from speaking the message about the truth” or (2) “never prevent me from speaking the true message.”
PSA 119 44 mp4n 0 I will observe “I will obey”
PSA 119 45 lq9x figs-metaphor 0 I will walk securely To walk securely is to live one’s life securely. Alternate translation: “I will live securely in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 119 45 h23e figs-idiom 0 I seek your instructions To “seek” is to perceive, or gain understanding of God’s instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 46 uj95 0 solemn commands before kings “serious commands to kings” or “instructions to kings”
PSA 119 47 y49b 0 I delight in your commandments Possible meanings are 1) “I find delight in studying your commandments” or 2) “I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments.”
PSA 119 47 y49b 0 I delight in your commandments Possible meanings are (1) “I find delight in studying your commandments” or (2) “I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments.”
PSA 119 48 v87b figs-idiom 0 lift up my hands to This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God’s commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 49 gb3p 0 Call to mind your promise “Remember your promise.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md)
PSA 119 50 mlp7 figs-sentences 0 This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive This clause can be restructured. Alternate translation: “The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
@ -4508,7 +4508,7 @@ PSA 119 76 k57e figs-123person 0 your servant The writer refers to himself as
PSA 119 78 j2en figs-activepassive 0 Let the proud be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put the proud to shame” or “Cause those who are proud to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 119 78 l2cs figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “proud people” or “those who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 119 79 i7zp figs-metaphor 0 turn to me People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. Alternate translation: “come to me” or “unite with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 79 u1zx grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 those who know your covenant decrees Possible meanings are 1) this further describes those who honor God or 2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. Alternate translation: “so that they may learn your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PSA 119 79 u1zx grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 those who know your covenant decrees Possible meanings are (1) this further describes those who honor God or (2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. Alternate translation: “so that they may learn your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PSA 119 80 b84y figs-metonymy 0 May my heart be blameless Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “May I be blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 119 80 xg4u figs-activepassive 0 I may not be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I may not be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 119 81 kx77 0 I hope in your word “I confidently trust in what you say”
@ -4551,7 +4551,7 @@ PSA 119 110 n3qq figs-metaphor 0 I have not strayed from your instructions Not
PSA 119 111 ma4d figs-metaphor 0 I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever The writer always cherishing and obeying God’s decrees is spoken of as if the decrees are land or a possession that the writer will inherit. Alternate translation: “Your laws will belong to me forever” or “Your covenant decrees are like a heritage I will keep forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 111 p236 figs-synecdoche 0 they are the joy of my heart Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they make me joyful” or “I delight in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 119 112 yy19 figs-metonymy 0 My heart is set on obeying Here “heart” represents the writer’s will. The phrase “heart is set” is an idiom. It is a way of saying the writer is determined. Alternate translation: “I am determined to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 112 a2c7 0 to the very end Possible meanings are 1) “every one of them” 2) “to the very end of my life” or 3) “to the very end of time”
PSA 119 112 a2c7 0 to the very end Possible meanings are (1) “every one of them” (2) “to the very end of my life” or (3) “to the very end of time”
PSA 119 113 ewl3 figs-metaphor 0 who have a double mind A person who is not sincere and not fully committed to obeying God is spoken of as if the person has two minds. Alternate translation: “who are not completely committed to obeying you” or “who are insincere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 114 p5ix figs-metaphor 0 my hiding place God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 114 pas2 figs-metaphor 0 my shield God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer’s shield. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4560,7 +4560,7 @@ PSA 119 114 l68r 0 your word Here “word” represents what God communicates
PSA 119 116 f189 0 Sustain me by your word “Give me strength as you said you would” or “Enable me to be strong as you promised”
PSA 119 116 zw3z 0 and not be ashamed of my hope Here “my hope” represents the writer’s trust in God and his promises. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not disappoint me” or “Do not cause me shame by not doing what you promised to do”
PSA 119 117 pq8s 0 Support me “Help me” or “Strengthen me”
PSA 119 118 kd3f 0 those people are deceptive and unreliable Possible meanings are 1) “those people lie and no one can trust them” or 2) “those people make deceitful plans but they will fail”
PSA 119 118 kd3f 0 those people are deceptive and unreliable Possible meanings are (1) “those people lie and no one can trust them” or (2) “those people make deceitful plans but they will fail”
PSA 119 119 tbp5 figs-simile 0 You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 119 119 z8fj figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 119 119 e1lj 0 like slag “like trash” or “like waste”
@ -4585,7 +4585,7 @@ PSA 119 131 qm6c figs-metaphor 0 I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your
PSA 119 132 jqh6 translate-symaction 0 Turn to me To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 119 132 ar7k figs-metonymy 0 love your name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 119 133 mja8 figs-synecdoche 0 Direct my footsteps Here the word “footsteps” represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “Direct me” or “Teach me how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 133 y2w5 figs-personification 0 do not let any sin rule me The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are 1) “do not let me habitually commit any sin” or 2) “do not let sinful men rule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 119 133 y2w5 figs-personification 0 do not let any sin rule me The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are (1) “do not let me habitually commit any sin” or (2) “do not let sinful men rule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 119 134 a4a4 figs-abstractnouns 0 Redeem me from human oppression The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Save me from people who oppress others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 135 g736 figs-metaphor 0 Let your face shine on your servant The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 136 jv4q figs-metaphor 0 Streams of tears The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. Alternate translation: “Many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4620,17 +4620,17 @@ PSA 119 159 rv26 0 See “Look at me so you can see”
PSA 119 159 r1n2 figs-abstractnouns 0 by your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 160 iir8 0 The essence of your word is truth “Your word is completely true” or “Your word can be trusted”
PSA 119 161 tq5i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart stands in awe of your word The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 119 162 n1dy 0 plunder Possible meanings are 1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or 2) things of great value or “treasure.”
PSA 119 162 n1dy 0 plunder Possible meanings are (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.”
PSA 119 163 jx6a figs-doublet 0 hate and despise These two words mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “hate very strongly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 119 163 ue4r figs-metonymy 0 falsehood Possible meanings are this is a metonym for 1) “people who lie” or 2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 119 165 fin9 0 nothing makes them stumble Possible meanings are 1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or 2) “nothing causes them trouble.”
PSA 119 163 ue4r figs-metonymy 0 falsehood Possible meanings are this is a metonym for (1) “people who lie” or (2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 119 165 fin9 0 nothing makes them stumble Possible meanings are (1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or (2) “nothing causes them trouble.”
PSA 119 167 t7k7 0 I observe your solemn commands “I obey your solemn commands”
PSA 119 167 iqz6 0 solemn commands Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 119:2](../119/002.md).
PSA 119 168 zj2b 0 I keep your instructions “I obey your instructions”
PSA 119 169 cgi3 figs-metaphor 0 give me understanding into your word The psalmist speaks of the ability to understand as if it were a solid object. Alternate translation: “help me understand your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 170 r59u figs-metaphor 0 May my plea come before you The psalmist speaks of the words he says in prayer as if they were people who want to speak to a king. Alternate translation: “May you hear my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 171 x454 figs-metaphor 0 May my lips pour out praise The psalmist speaks of his lips as if they were a container and his praise a liquid that could be poured out. Here the word “lips” is a synecdoche which represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I desire to praise you much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 119 172 hk6w figs-metaphor 0 my tongue sing The psalmist speaks of his tongue either 1) as if it were a person or 2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. Alternate translation: “me sing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 119 172 hk6w figs-metaphor 0 my tongue sing The psalmist speaks of his tongue either (1) as if it were a person or (2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. Alternate translation: “me sing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 119 173 ui9f figs-synecdoche 0 May your hand help me The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Please help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 119 173 vx9b 0 have chosen “have chosen to obey”
PSA 119 174 l3rh 0 for your rescue “you to rescue me”
@ -4656,7 +4656,7 @@ PSA 121 1 xgy7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in H
PSA 121 1 cb45 figs-metonymy 0 lift up my eyes This expression means “look at” or “focus my attention on.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 121 1 yb6k figs-rquestion 0 From where will my help come? The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will tell you from where my help comes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 121 2 d3ip 0 My help comes from Yahweh This is the answer to the previous question.
PSA 121 3 r43x figs-123person 0 General Information: There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean 1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or 2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 121 3 r43x figs-123person 0 General Information: There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean (1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or (2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 121 3 uj6f figs-metonymy 0 your foot to slip The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. Alternate translation: “you to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 121 3 l1fp figs-metonymy 0 he who protects you will not slumber Here to “slumber” means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. Alternate translation: “God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you” or “God will always protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
PSA 121 3 j2nn 0 he who protects you God
@ -4670,7 +4670,7 @@ PSA 121 6 wzt9 figs-ellipsis 0 nor the moon by night It is implies that “will
PSA 121 7 au24 figs-metonymy 0 your life This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 122 intro x7wj 0 # Psalm 122 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem<br>Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city.<br>
PSA 122 1 lck5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 122 1 x5k5 0 A song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or 2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or 3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 122 1 x5k5 0 A song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 122 2 d2gp figs-apostrophe 0 Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates! The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 122 2 gjq5 figs-synecdoche 0 our feet are standing Here “feet” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we are standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 122 2 pe5k figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” refers to the city. Alternate translation: “inside you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -4702,7 +4702,7 @@ PSA 123 4 gp8j figs-nominaladj 0 the insolent This refers to the insolent peopl
PSA 123 4 ugx5 figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This refers to the proud people. Alternate translation: “the people who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 124 intro khc4 0 # Psalm 124 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God’s delivering the Israelites from their enemy’s attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh saves<br>God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br>
PSA 124 1 fes4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 124 1 uf2u 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or 2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or 3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 124 1 uf2u 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 124 1 zqy6 figs-hypo 0 “If Yahweh had not been on our side This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PSA 124 2 qz9s figs-hypo 0 if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side This is the continuation of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PSA 124 3 n3uw figs-hypo 0 then they would have swallowed us up alive This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in [Psalms 124:1](../124/001.md) and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in [Psalms 124:2](./002.md). It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “They were not able to swallow us up alive because Yahweh was on our side.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -4739,7 +4739,7 @@ PSA 126 3 js5q 0 Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! “How glad
PSA 126 5 i43v 0 Those who sow in tears “Those who weep as they sow”
PSA 127 intro ipx7 0 # Psalm 127 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings<br>God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br>
PSA 127 1 nt9a writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 127 1 m7vn 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or 2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or 3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 127 1 m7vn 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 127 2 qvi2 0 to rise up early, to come home late A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night.
PSA 127 2 vc2y figs-idiom 0 eat the bread of hard work This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. Alternate translation: “work hard for your daily needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 127 3 qz98 figs-metaphor 0 heritage property that a person can inherit from his ancestors. Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage uses parents inheriting children from Yahweh as a metaphor for Yahweh being the only one who can give children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4780,7 +4780,7 @@ PSA 130 7 ua2z figs-metaphor 0 Israel, hope in Yahweh The people of Israel are
PSA 130 8 i64f figs-metaphor 0 who will redeem Israel from all his sins The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: “who will redeem the people of Israel from all their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 131 intro ej7h 0 # Psalm 131 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best.<br>
PSA 131 1 ct5z writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 131 1 px11 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or 2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or 3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 131 1 px11 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 131 1 kgc5 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty The heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate translation: “I am not proud or haughty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 131 1 tz2s 0 I do not have great hopes for myself Possible meanings are “I do not expect to do great things” or “I do not think I am great.”
PSA 131 1 xfb4 figs-metaphor 0 things that are beyond me Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. Alternate translation: “things that are too hard to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4801,7 +4801,7 @@ PSA 132 6 nbj6 translate-names 0 fields of Jaar Jaar is probably another name f
PSA 132 7 gcy9 figs-metaphor 0 we will worship at his footstool Worshiping God at the covenant box is spoken of as bowing at the feet of the king who is sitting on his throne. This communicates humility and submission to God. Alternate translation: “we will go to God’s covenant box and worship him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 8 jkj6 figs-explicit 0 Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place The verb “come” can be stated clearly. “Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 132 8 e7g1 figs-metaphor 0 your resting place The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where you stay” or “your tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 8 ktv8 figs-ellipsis 0 you and the ark of your strength! Possible meanings are 1) “come to the ark of your strength” or 2) “come, and make the ark of your strength come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 132 8 ktv8 figs-ellipsis 0 you and the ark of your strength! Possible meanings are (1) “come to the ark of your strength” or (2) “come, and make the ark of your strength come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 132 8 pg13 0 the ark of your strength “the ark that shows your great power”
PSA 132 9 y1an figs-metaphor 0 May your priests be clothed with integrity Integrity is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “May people recognize that your priests have integrity” or “I want people see how your priests always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 10 zns5 0 For your servant David’s sake “Because of what happened to your servant David.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 132:1](../132/001.md).
@ -4811,13 +4811,13 @@ PSA 132 12 ir7p figs-metaphor 0 sit on your throne Ruling as king is spoken of
PSA 132 12 ht92 figs-synecdoche 0 your sons Here “your sons” represents the descendants of David that would become king. Alternate translation: “your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 132 13 ym8p figs-pronouns 0 General Information: “He”, “my” and “I” refer to Yahweh and “her” refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
PSA 132 13 kw5c figs-personification 0 Zion…her The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 132 13 wvs3 figs-metonymy 0 he has desired her for his seat “Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh’s seat.” Here “seat” represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 132 13 wvs3 figs-metonymy 0 he has desired her for his seat “Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh’s seat.” Here “seat” represents either (1) his throne where he would rule, or (2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 132 14 t9p9 figs-personification 0 her The author writes as though the city of Zion ([Psalms 132:13](../132/013.md)) were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 132 14 y9cs figs-metaphor 0 my resting place The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where I stay” or “my tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 15 afl2 figs-personification 0 God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 132 15 gvy6 0 will abundantly bless her “will abundantly bless Zion”
PSA 132 15 md5k figs-nominaladj 0 will satisfy her poor with bread Here “poor” refers to the poor people in Zion and “bread” probably represents food in general. Alternate translation: “will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 132 16 w9cn figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe her priests with salvation Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are 1) “I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved” or 2) “I will save her priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 16 w9cn figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe her priests with salvation Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are (1) “I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved” or (2) “I will save her priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 17 vls7 figs-metaphor 0 I will make a horn to sprout for David God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. Alternate translation: “I will make a descendant of David become king after him” or “I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 17 yc3b figs-metaphor 0 set up a lamp for my anointed one God speaks of causing David’s descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. Alternate translation: “I will cause my anointed one’s descendants to continue to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 132 17 dms8 0 my anointed one “my chosen king” or “the king I have chosen”
@ -4825,7 +4825,7 @@ PSA 132 18 gp1f figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe his enemies with shame Shame is s
PSA 132 18 hdu2 figs-metonymy 0 his crown will shine The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. Alternate translation: “he will be a great king” or “his greatness will shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 133 intro lg1c 0 # Psalm 133 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Harmony<br>Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br>
PSA 133 1 s9bf writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 133 1 xwd2 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are 1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or 2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or 3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 133 1 xwd2 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md)
PSA 133 1 d9ck 0 Behold This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows.
PSA 133 1 s8hv figs-metaphor 0 for brothers to live together The relationships among fellow God’s people is spoken of as if they were brothers. Alternate translation: “for God’s people to live together peacefully as brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 133 2 qj4c figs-simile 0 It is like fine oil on the head The goodness of unity among God’s people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron’s head. Alternate translation: “This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron’s head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -4835,7 +4835,7 @@ PSA 134 intro az9r 0 # Psalm 134 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa
PSA 134 1 x2de writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 134 1 y7mi 0 all you servants of Yahweh “all you who serve Yahweh”
PSA 134 2 fx9g translate-symaction 0 Lift up your hands This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 134 2 x39j 0 to the holy place Possible meanings are 1) “to the temple” or 2) “to the holy place in the temple.”
PSA 134 2 x39j 0 to the holy place Possible meanings are (1) “to the temple” or (2) “to the holy place in the temple.”
PSA 134 3 d5zb figs-merism 0 heaven and earth The phrase “heaven and earth” here represents all things. Alternate translation: “everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 135 intro qzj7 0 # Psalm 135 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Praise<br>The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
PSA 135 1 s987 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -4900,12 +4900,12 @@ PSA 137 9 v5tp 0 dashes your little ones against a rock “smashes your babies
PSA 138 intro lv6z 0 # Psalm 138 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Answered prayers<br>God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies.<br>
PSA 138 1 uq65 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 138 1 hm3q figs-metonymy 0 I will give you thanks with my whole heart The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one’s heart. Alternate translation: “I will sincerely thank you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 1 eq6r 0 before the gods Possible meanings are 1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or 2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.”
PSA 138 1 eq6r 0 before the gods Possible meanings are (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.”
PSA 138 2 bda1 translate-symaction 0 I will bow down Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 138 2 p2fj figs-metonymy 0 give thanks to your name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 2 t3ms figs-abstractnouns 0 for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 2 wkx6 0 your word “what you have said” or “your commands and promises”
PSA 138 2 m6ju figs-metonymy 0 your name Possible meanings are 1) “yourself” or 2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 2 m6ju figs-metonymy 0 your name Possible meanings are (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 4 zpz8 figs-synecdoche 0 your mouth This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 138 6 sg1t 0 Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast.
PSA 138 6 ly27 figs-metaphor 0 the proud he knows from far off This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4991,12 +4991,12 @@ PSA 141 4 cg6p 0 participate in sinful activities “do sinful deeds”
PSA 141 4 ft7c 0 their delicacies “their special foods”
PSA 141 5 z9wf figs-metaphor 0 hit me The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. Alternate translation: “rebuke me” or “hit me so I will listen when he corrects me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 141 5 d396 figs-abstractnouns 0 it will be a kindness to me The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “he will be acting kindly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 141 5 vbt8 figs-simile 0 it will be like oil on my head Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head 1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or 2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 141 5 vbt8 figs-simile 0 it will be like oil on my head Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 141 5 sry9 figs-synecdoche 0 may my head not refuse to accept it The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “may I accept it gladly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 141 5 m2xw figs-metonymy 0 my prayer is always against their wicked deeds The words “wicked deeds” are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. Alternate translation: “I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 141 6 k4ld figs-activepassive 0 Their leaders will be thrown down Possible meanings are 1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or 2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 141 6 k4ld figs-activepassive 0 Their leaders will be thrown down Possible meanings are (1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or (2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 141 6 fj6j 0 cliffs ground that goes straight down a long way
PSA 141 7 b6wd 0 our bones have been scattered Possible meanings are 1) “people have thrown our bones around in different directions” or 2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) “our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder.”
PSA 141 7 b6wd 0 our bones have been scattered Possible meanings are (1) “people have thrown our bones around in different directions” or (2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) “our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder.”
PSA 141 8 cjd2 figs-synecdoche 0 my eyes are on you The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am looking to see what you will do” or “I expect you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 141 8 wm6m figs-metaphor 0 in you I take refuge “I am asking you to protect me” See how “take refuge” is translated in [Psalms 118:9](../118/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 141 8 wls6 figs-synecdoche 0 my soul The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -5018,10 +5018,10 @@ PSA 142 3 j7ir figs-explicit 0 you know my path “you know the path I should t
PSA 142 3 qy2a figs-metaphor 0 In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. Alternate translation: “They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 142 4 e9h9 figs-metonymy 0 my life This is a metonym for “me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 142 5 d83b figs-metonymy 0 called out to you This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “called to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 142 5 u3fb 0 my portion Possible meanings are 1) “all I want” or 2) “all I need” or 3) “all I have.”
PSA 142 5 u3fb 0 my portion Possible meanings are (1) “all I want” or (2) “all I need” or (3) “all I have.”
PSA 142 5 v2uk figs-idiom 0 in the land of the living This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “while I am living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 142 6 t4vr figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my call This is a call for help. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md). Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 142 6 y2xf 0 I have been brought very low Possible meanings are 1) “I am very needy” and 2) “I am very weak.” See how “we are very low” is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/008.md).
PSA 142 6 y2xf 0 I have been brought very low Possible meanings are (1) “I am very needy” and (2) “I am very weak.” See how “we are very low” is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/008.md).
PSA 142 7 va7w figs-synecdoche 0 Bring my soul out of prison This is a request. The “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “bring me out of prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 142 7 w9yx figs-metonymy 0 give thanks to your name The word “name” is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:11](../005/011.md). Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 143 intro tm9v 0 # Psalm 143 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God’s servant.<br>
@ -5046,23 +5046,23 @@ PSA 143 7 h5nt 0 Do not hide your face from me This is a request. “I beg you
PSA 143 7 t1s2 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hide your face from me The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen to me” or “Please listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 143 7 yh17 figs-euphemism 0 I will become like those who go down into the pit Here the word “pit” refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “I will become just another dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 143 8 cbz8 figs-abstractnouns 0 Let me hear your covenant faithfulness “Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 8 z9rb 0 in the morning Possible meanings are 1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or 2) “morning by morning,” every day.
PSA 143 8 z9rb 0 in the morning Possible meanings are (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day.
PSA 143 8 aut8 0 Show me “Tell me”
PSA 143 8 e86d figs-metaphor 0 the way where I should walk The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “how you want me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 143 8 idb7 0 for I lift up my soul to you Possible meanings are 1) “I pray to you” or 2) “I believe that you will guide and protect me.”
PSA 143 9 uh4d 0 I flee to you to hide Possible meanings are 1) “I flee to you so I can hide” and 2) “I flee to you so you will hide and protect me.”
PSA 143 8 idb7 0 for I lift up my soul to you Possible meanings are (1) “I pray to you” or (2) “I believe that you will guide and protect me.”
PSA 143 9 uh4d 0 I flee to you to hide Possible meanings are (1) “I flee to you so I can hide” and (2) “I flee to you so you will hide and protect me.”
PSA 143 10 hfy5 0 to do your will “to do what you want me to do”
PSA 143 10 u2i6 figs-metaphor 0 lead me in the land of uprightness Possible meanings are 1) “help me to live righteously” or 2) “may my life be free of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 143 10 kpf6 figs-metaphor 0 the land of uprightness Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or 2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 143 10 u2i6 figs-metaphor 0 lead me in the land of uprightness Possible meanings are (1) “help me to live righteously” or (2) “may my life be free of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 143 10 kpf6 figs-metaphor 0 the land of uprightness Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 143 11 drk5 figs-metonymy 0 for your name’s sake Yahweh’s name represents his reputation and character. Alternate translation: “because of who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 143 12 d1cl 0 the enemies of my life “the enemies who want to take my life”
PSA 143 12 wp4f figs-abstractnouns 0 In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies “Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 12 wl46 figs-metonymy 0 the enemies of my life “the enemies of my soul.” My “life” may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 144 intro j9c6 0 # Psalm 144 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Safety<br>Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.<br>
PSA 144 1 kh8j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 144 1 lg69 figs-metaphor 0 my rock Possible meanings are 1) “the one who keeps me safe” or 2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 1 lg69 figs-metaphor 0 my rock Possible meanings are (1) “the one who keeps me safe” or (2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 1 r6cj figs-synecdoche 0 who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle The words “hands” and “fingers” are synecdoches for “me.” If “war” and “battle” are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate translation: “who trains me for war and trains me for battle” or “who trains me for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 144 2 k7jc figs-abstractnouns 0 my covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or 2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 144 2 k7jc figs-abstractnouns 0 my covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 144 2 bpc6 figs-metaphor 0 my fortress…take refuge The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 2 naw2 figs-metaphor 0 my high tower David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 2 v4eq figs-metaphor 0 my shield David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -5072,21 +5072,21 @@ PSA 144 3 la8b figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him
PSA 144 3 e6zt figs-doublet 0 man…son of man two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 144 4 hu1p figs-simile 0 like a breath…like a passing shadow The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 144 5 cp6t 0 Cause…come down…touch…make These words should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is.
PSA 144 5 as4e 0 Cause the sky to sink Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows.
PSA 144 5 as4e 0 Cause the sky to sink Possible meanings are (1) tear the sky open or (2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows.
PSA 144 6 jip6 0 Send…scatter…shoot…drive These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is.
PSA 144 6 ye36 0 in confusion “so they do not know what to think or what to do”
PSA 144 7 w63l figs-metaphor 0 Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the “foreigners.” Alternate translation: “You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 7 a8fn figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of foreigners Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 144 8 i188 figs-synecdoche 0 Their mouths speak lies Here the word “mouths” represent the people who speak. Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 144 8 f1nz figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or 2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 9 wz6d 0 new song Possible meanings are 1) “a song no one has ever sung before” or 2) “a song I have never sung before.”
PSA 144 8 f1nz figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 9 wz6d 0 new song Possible meanings are (1) “a song no one has ever sung before” or (2) “a song I have never sung before.”
PSA 144 10 rad1 0 who give…kings, who rescued You may end a sentence at the end of [Psalms 144:9](../144/009.md) and start a new sentence here. “you. It is you who give…kings. It is you who rescued”
PSA 144 10 t9g4 0 David your servant David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. “me, David, your servant”
PSA 144 10 r919 figs-metonymy 0 from an evil sword David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. Alternate translation: “from evil people who were trying to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 144 11 a7t7 0 Rescue me and free me “Please rescue me and free me”
PSA 144 11 iv5z figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of foreigners Here “hand” refers to power. See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7](./007.md). Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 144 11 vu7l figs-synecdoche 0 Their mouths speak lies The people are represented by their “mouths.” See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:8](./008.md). Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 144 11 me9z figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood Possible meanings are 1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or 2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.”See how you translated these words [Psalms 144:8](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 11 me9z figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.”See how you translated these words [Psalms 144:8](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 144 12 mxt8 0 like plants who grow to full size healthy and strong
PSA 144 12 jn5c 0 in their youth the time when people develop
PSA 144 12 zf8s 0 our daughters like carved corner pillars “may our daughters be like carved corner pillars”
@ -5150,12 +5150,12 @@ PSA 147 7 x7xx 0 with a harp “while playing a harp”
PSA 147 9 y81a figs-ellipsis 0 to the young ravens when they cry The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “he gives food to the young ravens when they cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 147 9 hrg8 0 when they cry “whey they chirp” or “when they call”
PSA 147 10 ih2w 0 He finds no delight in the strength of a horse “Strong horses do not delight him”
PSA 147 10 vg8p figs-metonymy 0 the strong legs of a man Possible meanings are 1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or 2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 147 10 vg8p figs-metonymy 0 the strong legs of a man Possible meanings are (1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or (2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 147 11 fe9n figs-abstractnouns 0 who hope in his covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with and adjective. Alternate translation: “who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 147 12 c1ra figs-personification 0 Jerusalem…Zion The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “people of Jerusalem…people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 147 13 v5j1 figs-synecdoche 0 For he strengthens the bars of your gates The phrase “the bars of your gates” represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate translation: “For he protects Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 147 13 kjw5 figs-metaphor 0 he blesses…among you The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem’s children. Alternate translation: “he blesses those who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 147 14 jv5d 0 He brings prosperity “He brings peace.” Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or 2) the word translated as “prosperity” means “peace” and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack.
PSA 147 14 jv5d 0 He brings prosperity “He brings peace.” Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or (2) the word translated as “prosperity” means “peace” and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack.
PSA 147 15 a37s figs-personification 0 his command runs very swiftly The writer describes God’s command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God’s message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 147 16 c1ee figs-simile 0 He makes the snow like wool, he scatters the frost like ashes These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 147 17 nl42 figs-simile 0 He dispenses the hail like crumbs Yahweh scatters hail as easily as a person would scatter bread crumbs. Alternate translation: “He dispenses the hail easily, as if it were crumbs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -5177,7 +5177,7 @@ PSA 148 4 vf7i figs-personification 0 you waters that are above the sky The wri
PSA 148 4 ut7b 0 waters that are above the sky The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes.
PSA 148 5 ch3d figs-metonymy 0 Let them praise the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Let them praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 148 5 tcm6 figs-activepassive 0 they were created This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he created them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 148 6 c9ty 0 he issued a decree that will never change Possible meanings are 1) “he gave a command that is permanent” or 2) “he gave a command that they will not disobey.”
PSA 148 6 c9ty 0 he issued a decree that will never change Possible meanings are (1) “he gave a command that is permanent” or (2) “he gave a command that they will not disobey.”
PSA 148 6 n8cn 0 he issued “he gave”
PSA 148 7 n48i figs-metonymy 0 all ocean depths This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. Alternate translation: “all creatures in the ocean depths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 148 8 s17i figs-personification 0 fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -5194,10 +5194,10 @@ PSA 148 14 wv8t 0 for praise from all his faithful ones “so that all his fai
PSA 148 14 n4ru figs-metaphor 0 the people near to him The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. Alternate translation: “the people he loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 149 intro au8i 0 # Psalm 149 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations.<br>
PSA 149 1 p2dk figs-pronouns 0 General Information: The psalmist is speaking to all of God’s people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 149 1 e71a 0 a new song Possible meanings are 1) “a song you have never sung before” or 2) a song no one has ever sung before.
PSA 149 1 e71a 0 a new song Possible meanings are (1) “a song you have never sung before” or (2) a song no one has ever sung before.
PSA 149 1 vlr1 0 sing his praise “praise him with songs”
PSA 149 2 r1nd 0 rejoice in the one who made them Possible meanings are 1) “rejoice because he made them” or 2) “rejoice because the one who made them is good.”
PSA 149 2 jyp7 0 rejoice in their king The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are 1) “rejoice because he is their king” or 2) “rejoice because their king is good.”
PSA 149 2 r1nd 0 rejoice in the one who made them Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he made them” or (2) “rejoice because the one who made them is good.”
PSA 149 2 jyp7 0 rejoice in their king The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he is their king” or (2) “rejoice because their king is good.”
PSA 149 3 isj6 figs-metonymy 0 praise his name The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise him” or “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 149 3 pu1i translate-unknown 0 tambourine a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PSA 149 4 hrp8 figs-abstractnouns 0 glorifies the humble with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “glorifies the humble by saving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -5212,7 +5212,7 @@ PSA 149 9 jie7 figs-abstractnouns 0 They will execute the judgment that is writ
PSA 150 intro r7f5 0 # Psalm 150 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Instruments<br>People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument.<br>
PSA 150 1 jx5k writing-poetry 0 General Information: This focuses on praise or worship that is most commonly held in the temple. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 150 1 djp3 0 Praise God in his holy place God’s temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God.
PSA 150 2 e6ff 0 his mighty acts “the great things he has done.” God’s “mighty acts” can possibly mean 1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or 2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle.
PSA 150 2 e6ff 0 his mighty acts “the great things he has done.” God’s “mighty acts” can possibly mean (1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or (2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle.
PSA 150 3 uqx4 0 General Information: This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance.
PSA 150 4 m4dg translate-unknown 0 tambourines A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PSA 150 5 yat3 translate-unknown 0 cymbals two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ PRO 1 12 b8bq 0 General Information: Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement o
PRO 1 12 w4w6 figs-metaphor 0 Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 1 12 jg5z figs-personification 0 Let us swallow…like Sheol takes away This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 1 12 kea4 0 like Sheol takes away those who are healthy The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
PRO 1 12 ayt4 0 make them like those who fall into the pit Possible meanings are 1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or 2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
PRO 1 12 ayt4 0 make them like those who fall into the pit Possible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
PRO 1 14 x2p6 figs-idiom 0 Throw in your lot with us This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 1 14 l56r figs-metonymy 0 we will all have one purse together Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 1 14 ci4y 0 purse a bag for carrying money
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ PRO 1 20 xza5 figs-personification 0 General Information: In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom i
PRO 1 20 pj5i figs-personification 0 Wisdom cries aloud If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 1 20 u7zc figs-idiom 0 raises her voice This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 1 20 pj5v figs-explicit 0 in the open places This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 1 21 ggk1 0 at the head of the noisy streets Possible meanings are 1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or 2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
PRO 1 21 ggk1 0 at the head of the noisy streets Possible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
PRO 1 22 jk3x figs-rquestion 0 How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 1 22 v3nj 0 naive inexperienced or immature
PRO 1 22 j83h figs-rquestion 0 How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ PRO 2 7 jn6b figs-metaphor 0 He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him
PRO 2 7 dv7k 0 sound “dependable”
PRO 2 7 m2mi figs-metaphor 0 he is a shield for those Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 7 u4zr figs-metaphor 0 who walk in integrity A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 8 qt7r figs-metaphor 0 he guards the paths of justice Possible meanings are 1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or 2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 8 qt7r figs-metaphor 0 he guards the paths of justice Possible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 8 t2qd figs-metaphor 0 preserve the way of his faithful ones A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 9 qn9x 0 equity fairness
PRO 2 9 ex8y figs-metaphor 0 every good path A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ PRO 2 16 erj5 0 General Information: The father continues to teach his child h
PRO 2 16 p5k9 figs-personification 0 Wisdom and discretion will save you The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 2 17 c2iu 0 the companion of her youth This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
PRO 2 17 awb4 0 the covenant of her God This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
PRO 2 18 dn9d 0 her house sinks down to death Possible meanings are 1) “going to her house leads to death” or 2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
PRO 2 18 kl7y figs-metaphor 0 her tracks will lead you Possible meanings are 1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 18 dn9d 0 her house sinks down to death Possible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
PRO 2 18 kl7y figs-metaphor 0 her tracks will lead you Possible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 18 hwl4 figs-metonymy 0 to those in the grave This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 2 19 n7tg figs-euphemism 0 go in to her This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO 2 19 zg4r 0 they will not find the paths of life Possible meanings are 1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or 2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
PRO 2 19 zg4r 0 they will not find the paths of life Possible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
PRO 2 20 ts71 0 So The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
PRO 2 20 fiw6 figs-metaphor 0 you will walk in the way…follow the paths A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way…follow the example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 22 r5sm figs-metaphor 0 the wicked will be cut off from the land The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ PRO 3 20 b6d2 0 dew water that forms on the ground at night
PRO 3 21 xa9f figs-metaphor 0 do not lose sight of them The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 22 mr5l figs-synecdoche 0 They will be life to your soul Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 3 22 x4q3 figs-metaphor 0 an adornment of favor to wear around your neck The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 22 r2k8 0 adornment of favor Possible meanings are 1) “a favorable adornment” or 2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
PRO 3 22 r2k8 0 adornment of favor Possible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
PRO 3 23 k64j figs-metaphor 0 you will walk on your way in safety The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 23 d5hd figs-synecdoche 0 your foot will not stumble The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 24 f69h figs-explicit 0 when you lie down It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ PRO 4 15 cr8d 0 Avoid it “Avoid the path of the wicked”
PRO 4 16 n1jz figs-hyperbole 0 they cannot sleep until they do evil They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO 4 16 a2jq figs-hyperbole 0 they are robbed of sleep The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 16 bvp7 figs-metaphor 0 until they cause someone to stumble The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 17 vfi9 figs-metaphor 0 they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or 2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 17 vfi9 figs-metaphor 0 they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 18 w7hu figs-metaphor 0 the path of righteous people The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 18 etf9 figs-simile 0 the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 4 18 i5k7 0 the first light This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
@ -245,15 +245,15 @@ PRO 5 1 vi27 0 General Information: The writer speaks as a father teaching his
PRO 5 1 nl9h figs-synecdoche 0 incline your ears Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 2 cei4 0 discretion Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
PRO 5 2 la7f figs-synecdoche 0 your lips may protect knowledge Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 3 zxr9 figs-metonymy 0 the lips of an adulteress drip with honey Possible meanings are 1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or 2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 3 z9rm figs-metonymy 0 her mouth is smoother than oil Possible meanings are 1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or 2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 3 zxr9 figs-metonymy 0 the lips of an adulteress drip with honey Possible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 3 z9rm figs-metonymy 0 her mouth is smoother than oil Possible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 4 pd3g figs-metaphor 0 but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 4 m3sn 0 wormwood a plant that tastes bitter
PRO 5 4 jy84 figs-metaphor 0 cutting like a sharp sword The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 5 kc88 figs-synecdoche 0 Her feet go down to death Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 5 g7qf figs-metaphor 0 her steps go all the way to Sheol The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 6 nxc1 figs-metaphor 0 She gives no thought to the path of life The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 6 iki3 0 Her footsteps wander Possible meanings are 1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or 2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
PRO 5 6 iki3 0 Her footsteps wander Possible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
PRO 5 7 dwp8 0 Now Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
PRO 5 7 ry9i figs-parallelism 0 listen to me…do not turn away from listening These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 5 7 e4q8 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn away from listening The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ PRO 5 7 ih1h figs-synecdoche 0 the words of my mouth Here the word “mouth”
PRO 5 8 y32e figs-metonymy 0 Keep your path far away from her Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 5 8 jw5h figs-synecdoche 0 do not come near the door of her house Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
PRO 5 9 pl7u 0 In that way “If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
PRO 5 9 b54w 0 you will not give away your honor to others Possible meanings for the word “honor” are 1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or 2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or 3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
PRO 5 9 b54w 0 you will not give away your honor to others Possible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
PRO 5 9 bc5b figs-ellipsis 0 or years of your life to a cruel person The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 9 yb9a 0 a cruel person This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
PRO 5 10 d9br figs-metaphor 0 strangers will not feast on your wealth The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -272,25 +272,25 @@ PRO 5 12 x4di figs-parallelism 0 I hated instruction…my heart despised correc
PRO 5 12 m4gr figs-exclamations 0 How I hated instruction The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 5 12 b7lf figs-synecdoche 0 my heart despised correction Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 5 13 kvf5 figs-synecdoche 0 incline my ear to my instructors Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 14 he4c figs-parallelism 0 in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either 1) to worship God or 2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 5 14 he4c figs-parallelism 0 in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 5 15 f76j figs-parallelism 0 water from your own cistern…running water from your own well These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 15 t8av figs-metaphor 0 running water The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 16 pe1s figs-rquestion 0 Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not…your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 5 16 u3ua figs-euphemism 0 Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are 1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or 2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 16 u3ua figs-euphemism 0 Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 16 ss2w 0 public squares Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
PRO 5 17 f7ge 0 Let them be The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
PRO 5 17 s9wf 0 not for strangers with you “do not share them with strangers”
PRO 5 18 xd81 figs-metaphor 0 May your fountain be blessed The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 18 tz7f 0 the wife of your youth Possible meanings are 1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or 2) “your young wife.”
PRO 5 18 tz7f 0 the wife of your youth Possible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
PRO 5 19 n93j figs-metaphor 0 she is a loving deer and a graceful doe The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 19 dv45 0 graceful This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
PRO 5 19 x1vq figs-synecdoche 0 Let her breasts satisfy you Possible meanings are 1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 19 x1vq figs-synecdoche 0 Let her breasts satisfy you Possible meanings are (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 19 pb8m figs-activepassive 0 may you be continually intoxicated by her love Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 5 19 elf2 0 by her love Possible meanings are 1) “by your love for her” or 2) “by her love for you.”
PRO 5 19 elf2 0 by her love Possible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
PRO 5 20 d78f figs-rquestion 0 For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman? The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 5 20 z71k figs-activepassive 0 be captivated by an adulteress Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 5 20 zr1u figs-synecdoche 0 why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 5 20 x9gw 0 an immoral woman Possible meanings are 1) “a woman who is not your wife” or 2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
PRO 5 20 x9gw 0 an immoral woman Possible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
PRO 5 21 jh86 figs-parallelism 0 sees everything…watches all the paths These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 5 21 p1ar figs-metaphor 0 all the paths he takes The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 5 22 u9ya figs-personification 0 A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ PRO 5 23 x16k figs-activepassive 0 he is led astray by his great foolishness Th
PRO 5 23 n1a7 0 by his great foolishness “because he is very foolish”
PRO 6 intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>### Numbers<br><br>Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals used as types<br><br>The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>
PRO 6 1 sb1b figs-explicit 0 set aside your money Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 6 1 z256 0 a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
PRO 6 1 z256 0 a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan Possible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
PRO 6 1 p3wd 0 neighbor This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
PRO 6 2 p9iu figs-idiom 0 you have laid a trap for yourself This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 6 2 qta7 0 the words of your mouth “what you said” or “what you promised to do”
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ PRO 6 25 m7d2 figs-metonymy 0 her beauty “what is beautiful about her.” Thi
PRO 6 25 f4km 0 capture you “gain control over you”
PRO 6 25 vnr8 figs-synecdoche 0 her eyelashes The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 6 26 p3jv 0 the price of a loaf of bread This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
PRO 6 26 k5fu 0 may cost you your very life Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
PRO 6 26 k5fu 0 may cost you your very life Possible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
PRO 6 27 gzh2 figs-rquestion 0 Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 6 27 sew8 0 without burning “without destroying” or “and not destroy”
PRO 6 27 pt18 figs-metonymy 0 his clothes His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ PRO 7 1 at6w figs-metaphor 0 keep my words Here keeping represents obeying. Alt
PRO 7 1 k635 figs-metaphor 0 store up my commands within yourself Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 2 a8m4 figs-metaphor 0 keep my instruction Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 2 xfb2 figs-idiom 0 as the apple of your eye The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 7 3 g5jv figs-metaphor 0 Tie them on your fingers Possible meanings are 1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or 2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 3 g5jv figs-metaphor 0 Tie them on your fingers Possible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 3 c4yy figs-metaphor 0 write them on the tablet of your heart Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 4 jn44 figs-personification 0 Say to wisdom, “You are my sister Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 7 4 z4x8 figs-personification 0 call understanding your kinsman Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ PRO 7 27 prr1 figs-metaphor 0 the dark bedrooms of death This expression pictur
PRO 8 intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>
PRO 8 1 qsc7 figs-personification 0 General Information: In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 8 1 v9h5 figs-rquestion 0 Does not Wisdom call out? This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 8 1 i9hu figs-personification 0 Does not Wisdom call out? Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: 1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” 2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 1 i9hu figs-personification 0 Does not Wisdom call out? Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 1 pt6p figs-rquestion 0 Does not Understanding raise her voice? Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 8 1 k4ug 0 raise her voice “speak”
PRO 8 3 z73y 0 the gates at the entrance into the city In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ PRO 8 32 ly1a 0 Now This is to focus the attention of the children to the conc
PRO 8 32 hwt3 figs-personification 0 listen to me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 32 m6ib figs-metaphor 0 those who keep my ways Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 8 33 ky6l figs-litotes 0 do not neglect “do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 8 34 i55j figs-parallelism 0 watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are 1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or 2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 8 34 i55j figs-parallelism 0 watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 8 35 z6lm figs-personification 0 finds me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 36 hfn9 figs-personification 0 hate me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 36 yl6t figs-explicit 0 he who fails The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ PRO 13 6 gt48 figs-personification 0 Righteousness protects those “Righteousn
PRO 13 6 iac2 figs-metonymy 0 who are faultless in their path Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 13 6 r21h figs-personification 0 wickedness turns away those who commit sin Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 13 7 z16h 0 who enriches himself “who makes himself rich”
PRO 13 8 mre8 0 does not hear a threat Possible meanings are 1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or 2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
PRO 13 8 mre8 0 does not hear a threat Possible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
PRO 13 9 ev8k figs-metaphor 0 The light of righteous people rejoices Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 13 9 ibt9 figs-metaphor 0 the lamp of wicked people will be put out Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 13 10 c8hy 0 Pride only breeds conflict “Pride always causes conflict”
@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ PRO 13 25 a593 0 he satisfies his appetite “he has satisfied himself” or
PRO 13 25 azl9 figs-metonymy 0 the stomach of the wicked is always hungry Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 14 intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 14 1 r3rp 0 builds her house “builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
PRO 14 1 tv3l 0 house Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family.
PRO 14 1 tv3l 0 house Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
PRO 14 1 l2y8 figs-synecdoche 0 with her own hands The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 14 2 qgn4 0 The one who…the one who “The person who…the person who”
PRO 14 2 qnc4 figs-metaphor 0 walks uprightly “Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ PRO 15 5 kix4 figs-abstractnouns 0 he who learns from correction The word “co
PRO 15 5 x86t 0 is prudent “is wise”
PRO 15 6 h7yy figs-abstractnouns 0 the earnings of the wicked person give The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 15 7 tk6t figs-metaphor 0 The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 15 7 wet2 figs-synecdoche 0 not so the hearts of fools Possible meanings are 1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 15 7 wet2 figs-synecdoche 0 not so the hearts of fools Possible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 15 8 a5ry 0 upright people “people who live rightly”
PRO 15 8 fci9 0 is his delight “pleases him”
PRO 15 9 ui9i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh hates the way of wicked people The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -894,23 +894,23 @@ PRO 15 28 zzd4 figs-metaphor 0 the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evi
PRO 15 28 zr4l 0 the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
PRO 15 29 nq5q figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is far away from wicked people The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 15 30 msq2 figs-metaphor 0 The light of the eyes The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 15 30 d2bg figs-synecdoche 0 brings joy to the heart The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 15 30 d2bg figs-synecdoche 0 brings joy to the heart The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 15 30 hhj8 figs-synecdoche 0 good news is health to the body Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 15 31 vet3 0 you will remain among wise people Possible meanings are 1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or 2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
PRO 15 31 vet3 0 you will remain among wise people Possible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
PRO 15 32 l9cd figs-abstractnouns 0 listens to correction The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 15 33 nhk9 figs-abstractnouns 0 The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 15 33 t56g 0 The fear of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
PRO 15 33 w2h2 0 humility comes before honor This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
PRO 16 intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King and royalty<br><br>Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 16 1 bqu9 figs-metonymy 0 The plans of the heart belong to a person Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 1 hf8a figs-metaphor 0 from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 1 hf8a figs-metaphor 0 from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 1 j1hu figs-synecdoche 0 the answer from his tongue The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 16 2 m6li figs-metaphor 0 All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 2 ky4t figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh weighs the spirits Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 4 ccq1 figs-ellipsis 0 even the wicked for the day of trouble The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 16 5 lkb8 figs-synecdoche 0 everyone who has an arrogant heart Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 16 5 cq2g figs-litotes 0 they will not go unpunished The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 6 t6t9 figs-abstractnouns 0 By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or 2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 6 t6t9 figs-abstractnouns 0 By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 6 sn15 figs-metaphor 0 people turn away from evil The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 7 i6tc 0 he makes “Yahweh makes”
PRO 16 8 u992 0 a large income “earning a lot of money”
@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ PRO 16 9 y8rt figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh directs his steps The writer speaks of Yah
PRO 16 10 ak2q figs-metonymy 0 Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 10 ul24 figs-synecdoche 0 his mouth should not betray justice The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 16 11 hb1i figs-explicit 0 Honest scales come from Yahweh Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 16 11 c4kd 0 all the weights in the bag are his work Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or 2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
PRO 16 11 c4kd 0 all the weights in the bag are his work Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
PRO 16 12 tie4 figs-activepassive 0 that is something to be despised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 12 yr8j figs-metonymy 0 for a throne is established by doing what is right Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 13 sfa1 figs-synecdoche 0 lips that say what is right Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ PRO 16 22 y5ux figs-metaphor 0 Understanding is a fountain of life The writer s
PRO 16 23 rbc8 figs-metonymy 0 The heart of a wise person gives Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 23 qa4q figs-metonymy 0 gives insight to his mouth Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 23 i4qn figs-metonymy 0 to his lips Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 24 r6ef figs-metonymy 0 sweet to the soul Possible meanings for the word “soul” are 1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or 2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 24 r6ef figs-metonymy 0 sweet to the soul Possible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 24 ye3n figs-synecdoche 0 healing to the bones Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 16 25 v8l9 figs-metonymy 0 There is a way that seems right to a man The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 16 25 es6x 0 but its end is the way to death The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
@ -964,16 +964,16 @@ PRO 16 31 aj89 figs-metaphor 0 Gray hair is a crown of glory The writer speaks
PRO 16 31 y1am figs-activepassive 0 it is gained This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 32 x3rg figs-metaphor 0 one who rules his spirit The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 16 33 ei8c figs-activepassive 0 The lots are cast into the lap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 16 33 js5x 0 the decision is from Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
PRO 16 33 js5x 0 the decision is from Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
PRO 17 intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 17 1 ecu4 figs-metonymy 0 to have quiet Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 17 1 p2y8 figs-ellipsis 0 than a house full of feasting with strife The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 17 3 fh66 figs-explicit 0 The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 17 3 fi3n 0 crucible a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
PRO 17 3 aq7i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh refines hearts This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 17 4 bar9 figs-synecdoche 0 wicked lips The word “lips” can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 17 4 bar9 figs-synecdoche 0 wicked lips The word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 17 4 cj9s figs-idiom 0 gives ear This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 17 4 ef8i figs-synecdoche 0 destructive tongue The word “tongue” can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 17 4 ef8i figs-synecdoche 0 destructive tongue The word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 17 5 a5ue figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO 17 5 gs4i figs-abstractnouns 0 his Maker This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 17 5 dj8b figs-explicit 0 at misfortune This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ PRO 18 1 r3yq 0 sound judgment “good judgment” or “wise choices”
PRO 18 2 u731 figs-litotes 0 A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 18 2 ey4y figs-explicit 0 but only in revealing what is in his own heart This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 18 2 yp8r figs-metonymy 0 what is in his own heart The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 18 3 fw1y figs-personification 0 contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are 1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or 2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 18 3 fw1y figs-personification 0 contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 18 3 ps5e figs-doublet 0 shame and reproach These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO 18 4 izv2 figs-parallelism 0 The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 18 4 nv82 figs-metaphor 0 The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ PRO 19 16 ik59 figs-idiom 0 his ways This is an idiom which refers to how he li
PRO 19 17 zw6r figs-metaphor 0 Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 19 17 qx9d figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO 19 18 nw29 figs-explicit 0 while there is hope This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 19 18 md5c figs-explicit 0 and do not set your desire on putting him to death Possible meanings are 1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or 2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 19 18 md5c figs-explicit 0 and do not set your desire on putting him to death Possible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 19 18 hky1 figs-idiom 0 set your desire on putting him This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 19 19 n85t figs-idiom 0 A hot-tempered person This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 19 19 f2vs figs-idiom 0 must pay the penalty This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ PRO 19 25 zh2b 0 naive person “inexperienced person” or “immature person
PRO 19 25 v49d 0 prudent See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
PRO 19 25 m391 0 discipline one who is discerning, and “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
PRO 19 25 wwq5 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will gain knowledge The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 19 26 g233 figs-explicit 0 brings shame and reproach Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or 2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 19 26 g233 figs-explicit 0 brings shame and reproach Possible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 19 27 n4av figs-metonymy 0 If you cease to hear instruction Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 19 27 s24z 0 you will stray from “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
PRO 19 27 y3ln 0 the words of knowledge “knowledge”
@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ PRO 21 11 a11r 0 the naive “those who have no experience” or “those who
PRO 21 11 a6a5 0 the mocker “the person who mocks others”
PRO 21 11 m512 figs-activepassive 0 when the wise person is instructed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 21 11 ylu9 figs-metaphor 0 lays hold of knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 21 12 t3bj 0 The righteous Possible meanings are 1) any righteous person or 2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
PRO 21 12 t3bj 0 The righteous Possible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
PRO 21 12 bc3u 0 watches the house “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
PRO 21 12 tem1 figs-metaphor 0 he brings wicked people to disaster Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 21 13 uc5n figs-idiom 0 The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ PRO 21 27 fq9a 0 The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable The writer does not
PRO 21 27 l3le figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO 21 27 iy31 0 it is even more detestable “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
PRO 21 28 h8d4 0 will speak for all time This is because people will never forget what he said.
PRO 21 29 z6tg figs-idiom 0 makes his face hard Possible meanings are 1) “pretends to be courageous” or 2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 21 29 z6tg figs-idiom 0 makes his face hard Possible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 21 29 ts1r figs-metaphor 0 is certain about his ways A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 21 30 n8kt figs-abstractnouns 0 There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 21 30 k3pe 0 stand against Yahweh “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ PRO 22 5 f1ap figs-metaphor 0 whoever guards his life A person doing what he ne
PRO 22 6 je4e figs-metaphor 0 the way he should go How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 22 7 dk14 figs-explicit 0 borrows…lends You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money…lends money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 22 8 l36j figs-metaphor 0 He who sows injustice will reap trouble The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 22 8 htf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rod of his fury will fade away The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are 1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or 2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 22 8 htf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rod of his fury will fade away The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 22 8 yu9g figs-metonymy 0 rod of his fury The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 22 8 kpt4 0 will fade away The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
PRO 22 9 nxi8 figs-activepassive 0 The one who has a generous eye will be blessed These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ PRO 22 29 y4ub figs-rquestion 0 Do you see a man skilled at his work? This rhet
PRO 22 29 e6ii figs-metonymy 0 stand before This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 23 intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 23 1 z181 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 2 lu62 figs-hyperbole 0 put a knife to your throat Possible meanings of this exaggeration are 1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or 2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 23 2 lu62 figs-hyperbole 0 put a knife to your throat Possible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 23 3 zfk9 0 Do not crave “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
PRO 23 3 zkz5 0 his delicacies “his special and expensive food”
PRO 23 3 tjm2 figs-idiom 0 it is the food of lies This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ PRO 23 11 p1uf 0 their Redeemer Yahweh
PRO 23 11 bgi8 figs-metaphor 0 he will plead their case against you The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 23 12 w7ey 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 12 pgj6 figs-idiom 0 Apply your heart to This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 23 12 v2r3 0 instruction Possible meanings are 1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or 2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
PRO 23 12 v2r3 0 instruction Possible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
PRO 23 12 jul6 figs-ellipsis 0 your ears The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 23 12 gn45 0 to words of knowledge “to me when I tell you what I know”
PRO 23 13 c9zs 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ PRO 23 18 d3fz figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off This can be t
PRO 23 19 qj67 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 19 f128 0 Hear—you!—my son “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
PRO 23 19 jg2g figs-metaphor 0 direct your heart in the way Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 23 20 sag8 figs-synecdoche 0 gluttonous eaters of meat Possible meanings are 1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or 2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 23 20 sag8 figs-synecdoche 0 gluttonous eaters of meat Possible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 23 21 z3sn figs-personification 0 slumber will clothe them with rags The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO 23 22 bzi7 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 22 s9it figs-litotes 0 do not despise This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ PRO 23 24 rzg3 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayi
PRO 23 24 qls1 0 The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
PRO 23 24 b6a9 0 will be glad in him “will be glad because of him”
PRO 23 26 c77m 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 26 ds3t figs-metonymy 0 give me your heart The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are 1) “pay careful attention” or 2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 23 26 ds3t figs-metonymy 0 give me your heart The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 23 26 zdk9 figs-synecdoche 0 let your eyes observe The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 23 27 b64j figs-merism 0 prostitute…immoral woman There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PRO 23 27 y9ln figs-metaphor 0 a prostitute is a deep pit The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ PRO 23 29 l7du figs-rquestion 0 Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Wh
PRO 23 29 yw3q 0 bloodshot eyes “eyes red, like the color of blood”
PRO 23 30 kqg7 0 Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
PRO 23 30 g2tp figs-euphemism 0 linger over wine spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO 23 30 t96n 0 the mixed wine Possible meanings are 1) different wines mixed together or 2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
PRO 23 30 t96n 0 the mixed wine Possible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
PRO 23 31 v5x1 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 32 ip9z 0 In the last “After you drink it”
PRO 23 32 cr4n figs-metaphor 0 it bites like a serpent…it stings like an adder The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ PRO 24 12 zda4 figs-metonymy 0 weighs the heart The word “heart” is a meton
PRO 24 12 pa6x figs-rquestion 0 The one who guards your life, does he not know it? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 24 12 m55q figs-rquestion 0 Will God not give to each one what he deserves? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 24 13 q7s6 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 24 14 p5t6 figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off Possible meanings are 1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or 2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 24 14 p5t6 figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off Possible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 24 15 i96h 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 24 15 s1ww figs-idiom 0 Do not lie in wait The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 24 15 g6w6 0 his home the home of the righteous person
@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ PRO 24 22 ub7e 0 both of them these words refer to Yahweh and the king
PRO 24 23 jq5s 0 These also are sayings of the wise This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
PRO 24 23 ci6n 0 a case at law a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
PRO 24 24 lma6 0 Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him”
PRO 24 24 rfb9 0 the wicked person…a righteous person Possible meanings are 1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or 2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent”
PRO 24 24 rfb9 0 the wicked person…a righteous person Possible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent”
PRO 24 25 xwv5 0 will have delight “will be very happy”
PRO 24 25 ufh1 figs-personification 0 gifts of goodness will come to them Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 24 25 uy7d 0 gifts of goodness “good things” or “blessings”
@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@ PRO 25 9 lgk7 0 your case “your disagreement”
PRO 25 9 c77l 0 do not disclose another’s secret “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
PRO 25 10 fr3g figs-activepassive 0 an evil report about you that cannot be silenced Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 25 11 e2ay figs-metaphor 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 25 11 sq35 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are 1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or 2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
PRO 25 11 sq35 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
PRO 25 11 ptu8 figs-activepassive 0 is a word spoken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 25 12 ir54 figs-metaphor 0 A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 25 12 i38p figs-synecdoche 0 listening ear The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1571,9 +1571,9 @@ PRO 25 24 siz4 figs-explicit 0 a corner of the roof Houses in those days had fl
PRO 25 24 urg5 0 a quarreling wife a wife who often argues or complains
PRO 25 25 p4p8 figs-simile 0 Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 25 26 p3dy figs-simile 0 Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 25 26 tiq8 figs-metaphor 0 tottering before wicked people Tottering is a metaphor for either 1) refusing to fight wicked people or 2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 25 26 tiq8 figs-metaphor 0 tottering before wicked people Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 25 26 fe9h figs-metaphor 0 tottering This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 25 26 e13r figs-idiom 0 before wicked people Possible meanings are 1) “when wicked people attack him” or 2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 25 26 e13r figs-idiom 0 before wicked people Possible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 25 27 h7jf figs-simile 0 It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 25 27 x6in figs-litotes 0 It is not good This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 25 27 ea11 0 that is like searching for honor after honor “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ PRO 26 7 nq9k figs-metonymy 0 in the mouth of fools Here “mouth” is a meton
PRO 26 8 vhn4 figs-explicit 0 tying a stone in a sling In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 26 8 fy3g 0 giving honor to a fool “honoring a fool”
PRO 26 9 l82z figs-simile 0 Like a thorn…is a proverb in the mouth of fools How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 26 9 z794 figs-synecdoche 0 a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard Possible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 26 9 z794 figs-synecdoche 0 a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard Possible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 26 9 q3gg figs-metonymy 0 in the mouth of fools Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 26 10 lu8m 0 hires a fool “gives a job to a fool”
PRO 26 11 dgd2 0 As a dog returns to his own vomit “As a dog eats its own vomit”
@ -1628,9 +1628,9 @@ PRO 26 23 u5wy figs-synecdoche 0 so are burning lips and an evil heart This rep
PRO 26 23 s94p figs-metaphor 0 burning lips The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 26 23 p5hf figs-metonymy 0 an evil heart The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 26 24 rhg2 figs-metaphor 0 disguises his feelings with his lips Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 26 24 qu8b figs-metaphor 0 he lays up deceit within himself Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: “he likes his many lies” or 2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 24 qu8b figs-metaphor 0 he lays up deceit within himself Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 25 f4gf 0 but do not believe him “but do not believe what he says”
PRO 26 25 q7ln figs-metaphor 0 for there are seven abominations in his heart The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are 1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or 2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 25 q7ln figs-metaphor 0 for there are seven abominations in his heart The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 26 iv6j figs-activepassive 0 Though his hatred is covered with deception This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 26 26 d99d figs-metaphor 0 Though his hatred is covered with deception Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 26 slh6 figs-metaphor 0 his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1638,7 +1638,7 @@ PRO 26 26 d2jn 0 the assembly “the community of Israel”
PRO 26 27 sg61 figs-explicit 0 Whoever digs a pit will fall into it It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 26 27 nj1w figs-explicit 0 the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 26 28 wvw9 figs-synecdoche 0 A lying tongue hates the people it crushes The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 26 28 dfi2 figs-synecdoche 0 a flattering mouth brings about ruin The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 26 28 dfi2 figs-synecdoche 0 a flattering mouth brings about ruin The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 26 28 qp8a 0 flattering praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
PRO 27 intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 27 1 f85w figs-explicit 0 Do not boast about tomorrow This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ PRO 27 7 aj75 0 every bitter thing is sweet “everything that is bitter taste
PRO 27 8 tmr6 figs-simile 0 Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 27 9 p2m8 0 Perfume The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
PRO 27 9 zj6k figs-metonymy 0 make the heart rejoice Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 27 9 fa3b figs-metaphor 0 the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel Possible meanings are 1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or 2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 27 9 fa3b figs-metaphor 0 the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel Possible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 27 10 c6gz 0 your brother’s house Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
PRO 27 10 zin1 0 calamity extreme troubles and misfortune
PRO 27 11 v2t7 figs-metonymy 0 make my heart rejoice Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ PRO 28 15 x5l1 translate-unknown 0 a charging bear A bear is a large, furry, da
PRO 28 16 et9j figs-abstractnouns 0 The ruler who lacks understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 16 az95 0 oppressor a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
PRO 28 16 lv7n figs-abstractnouns 0 the one who hates dishonesty The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or 2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 17 rm8g figs-metonymy 0 he has shed someone’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 28 17 v592 0 fugitive a person who is running away to avoid being captured
PRO 28 17 iz6w figs-idiom 0 until death “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1794,22 +1794,22 @@ PRO 28 23 k6hl figs-metonymy 0 flatters him with his tongue The tongue here rep
PRO 28 23 l9i1 0 flatters praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
PRO 28 24 xcp2 0 Whoever robs “The one who robs”
PRO 28 24 qt94 figs-quotations 0 says, “That is no sin,” he This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
PRO 28 24 ie7m figs-idiom 0 the companion of Possible meanings are: 1) “the friend of” or 2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 24 ie7m figs-idiom 0 the companion of Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 25 e3ce 0 A greedy man a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
PRO 28 25 bkj4 figs-metaphor 0 stirs up conflict The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 28 26 pnc4 figs-synecdoche 0 One who trusts in his own heart Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO 28 26 dyj3 0 whoever walks “any person who walks”
PRO 28 26 g7hy figs-idiom 0 walks in wisdom Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or 2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 26 g7hy figs-idiom 0 walks in wisdom Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 27 yhn4 0 The one “The person”
PRO 28 27 y6e6 figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO 28 27 iwx5 figs-litotes 0 lack nothing This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 28 27 ykd8 figs-activepassive 0 whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or 2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or 3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 28 27 ykd8 figs-activepassive 0 whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 28 27 cgl4 0 whoever closes “anyone who closes”
PRO 28 27 x8x1 figs-metonymy 0 closes his eyes to Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 28 28 ku38 figs-idiom 0 When the wicked arise This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 28 xc51 figs-hyperbole 0 people hide themselves This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
PRO 28 28 vjp8 0 perish Possible meanings are 1) “go away” or 2) “fall from power” or 3) “are destroyed.”
PRO 28 28 pd87 0 increase Possible meanings are 1) “multiply” or 2) “rise to power.”
PRO 28 28 vjp8 0 perish Possible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
PRO 28 28 pd87 0 increase Possible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
PRO 29 intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 29 1 rl7a figs-metaphor 0 who stiffens his neck A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 29 1 nb5z figs-activepassive 0 will be broken in a moment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@ PRO 29 22 s7ha figs-metaphor 0 stirs up strife Causing people to argue more is
PRO 29 22 ad7m figs-idiom 0 a master of rage This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 29 23 z268 figs-activepassive 0 one who has a humble spirit will be given honor This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 29 24 jpz1 0 hates his own life “becomes his own enemy”
PRO 29 24 ej5k figs-explicit 0 he hears the curse and says nothing Possible meanings are 1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or 2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 29 24 ej5k figs-explicit 0 he hears the curse and says nothing Possible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 29 25 t7d5 figs-metaphor 0 The fear of man makes a snare Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 29 25 k5l2 0 a snare a trap that catches animals with ropes
PRO 29 25 t3gk figs-activepassive 0 the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ PRO 30 5 mna2 figs-metaphor 0 is tested Words are spoken of as if they were met
PRO 30 5 u15z figs-metaphor 0 he is a shield to those who take refuge in him The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 30 6 lu63 0 add to his words say more than he has said
PRO 30 6 e39x figs-activepassive 0 you will be proved to be This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 30 8 v3d5 figs-metaphor 0 Put vanity and lies far away from me Possible meanings are 1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or 2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 30 8 v3d5 figs-metaphor 0 Put vanity and lies far away from me Possible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 30 8 jw32 0 vanity false, useless words
PRO 30 8 wk6q figs-metaphor 0 Give me neither poverty nor riches The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 30 9 vrk2 figs-hypo 0 if I have too much, I might deny you and say This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -1918,16 +1918,16 @@ PRO 30 31 e3z8 0 strutting rooster an adult male chicken that walks proudly
PRO 30 33 kgm4 0 churning strongly stirring
PRO 30 33 nj7p 0 butter Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
PRO 31 intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### King Lemuel<br><br>This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### An acrostic poem<br><br>Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
PRO 31 2 nw5l figs-rquestion 0 What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are 1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or 2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or 3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 31 2 nw5l figs-rquestion 0 What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 31 2 ag7f 0 my son…son of my womb…son of my vows The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
PRO 31 2 ye5f 0 son of my womb The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
PRO 31 2 p2hh 0 son of my vows The “vows” could be 1) the mother’s marriage vows or 2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
PRO 31 2 p2hh 0 son of my vows The “vows” could be (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
PRO 31 3 irw8 0 Do not give your strength to women “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
PRO 31 3 tuq5 0 or your ways to those who destroy kings “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
PRO 31 3 j3yt 0 your ways Possible meanings are 1) “the way you live your life” or 2) “the work you do”
PRO 31 3 j3yt 0 your ways Possible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
PRO 31 3 v8um 0 those who destroy kings probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
PRO 31 4 s8mw 0 Lemuel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
PRO 31 5 ex8n figs-activepassive 0 what has been decreed This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “what God has decreed” or 2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 31 5 ex8n figs-activepassive 0 what has been decreed This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 31 5 w2jv 0 pervert the rights of all the afflicted “deny afflicted people their legal rights”
PRO 31 5 y3ds 0 pervert exchange good for evil
PRO 31 5 mdn6 0 all the afflicted “all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ PRO 31 10 v97s 0 Her value is far more than jewels “She is more precious tha
PRO 31 11 i7un figs-litotes 0 he will never be poor This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO 31 13 usy5 0 wool sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
PRO 31 13 xs1v 0 flax a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
PRO 31 13 n9qr 0 with the delight of her hands Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes 1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or 2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
PRO 31 13 n9qr 0 with the delight of her hands Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
PRO 31 14 h984 0 merchant someone who buys and sells
PRO 31 15 ry3t 0 distributes the work for her female servants “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
PRO 31 16 fgc9 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of her hands The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ PRO 31 26 q9jl figs-metonymy 0 the law of kindness is on her tongue The phrase
PRO 31 27 uqe6 figs-metaphor 0 watches over the ways of her household The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 31 27 ynb8 figs-idiom 0 does not eat the bread of idleness To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 31 27 j79l 0 idleness doing nothing and being lazy
PRO 31 28 hq5u figs-metonymy 0 rise up and Possible meanings are 1) literally “stand up and” or 2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 31 28 hq5u figs-metonymy 0 rise up and Possible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 31 28 lqv2 figs-quotations 0 call her blessed saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
PRO 31 29 fl85 0 you surpassed “you have done better than”
PRO 31 30 e8cj figs-abstractnouns 0 Elegance is deceptive The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
28 PRO 1 12 w4w6 figs-metaphor 0 Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29 PRO 1 12 jg5z figs-personification 0 Let us swallow…like Sheol takes away This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
30 PRO 1 12 kea4 0 like Sheol takes away those who are healthy The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
31 PRO 1 12 ayt4 0 make them like those who fall into the pit Possible meanings are 1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or 2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
32 PRO 1 14 x2p6 figs-idiom 0 Throw in your lot with us This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33 PRO 1 14 l56r figs-metonymy 0 we will all have one purse together Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34 PRO 1 14 ci4y 0 purse a bag for carrying money
47 PRO 1 20 pj5i figs-personification 0 Wisdom cries aloud If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
48 PRO 1 20 u7zc figs-idiom 0 raises her voice This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
49 PRO 1 20 pj5v figs-explicit 0 in the open places This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
50 PRO 1 21 ggk1 0 at the head of the noisy streets Possible meanings are 1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or 2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking. Possible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
51 PRO 1 22 jk3x figs-rquestion 0 How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
52 PRO 1 22 v3nj 0 naive inexperienced or immature
53 PRO 1 22 j83h figs-rquestion 0 How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
90 PRO 2 7 dv7k 0 sound “dependable”
91 PRO 2 7 m2mi figs-metaphor 0 he is a shield for those Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92 PRO 2 7 u4zr figs-metaphor 0 who walk in integrity A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93 PRO 2 8 qt7r figs-metaphor 0 he guards the paths of justice Possible meanings are 1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or 2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94 PRO 2 8 t2qd figs-metaphor 0 preserve the way of his faithful ones A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95 PRO 2 9 qn9x 0 equity fairness
96 PRO 2 9 ex8y figs-metaphor 0 every good path A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112 PRO 2 16 p5k9 figs-personification 0 Wisdom and discretion will save you The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
113 PRO 2 17 c2iu 0 the companion of her youth This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
114 PRO 2 17 awb4 0 the covenant of her God This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
115 PRO 2 18 dn9d 0 her house sinks down to death Possible meanings are 1) “going to her house leads to death” or 2) “the road to her house is the road to death.” Possible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
116 PRO 2 18 kl7y figs-metaphor 0 her tracks will lead you Possible meanings are 1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117 PRO 2 18 hwl4 figs-metonymy 0 to those in the grave This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
118 PRO 2 19 n7tg figs-euphemism 0 go in to her This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
119 PRO 2 19 zg4r 0 they will not find the paths of life Possible meanings are 1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or 2) “they will never live a happy life again.” Possible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
120 PRO 2 20 ts71 0 So The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
121 PRO 2 20 fiw6 figs-metaphor 0 you will walk in the way…follow the paths A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way…follow the example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122 PRO 2 22 r5sm figs-metaphor 0 the wicked will be cut off from the land The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
160 PRO 3 21 xa9f figs-metaphor 0 do not lose sight of them The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161 PRO 3 22 mr5l figs-synecdoche 0 They will be life to your soul Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
162 PRO 3 22 x4q3 figs-metaphor 0 an adornment of favor to wear around your neck The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163 PRO 3 22 r2k8 0 adornment of favor Possible meanings are 1) “a favorable adornment” or 2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.” Possible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
164 PRO 3 23 k64j figs-metaphor 0 you will walk on your way in safety The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165 PRO 3 23 d5hd figs-synecdoche 0 your foot will not stumble The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166 PRO 3 24 f69h figs-explicit 0 when you lie down It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
215 PRO 4 16 n1jz figs-hyperbole 0 they cannot sleep until they do evil They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
216 PRO 4 16 a2jq figs-hyperbole 0 they are robbed of sleep The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217 PRO 4 16 bvp7 figs-metaphor 0 until they cause someone to stumble The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218 PRO 4 17 vfi9 figs-metaphor 0 they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or 2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219 PRO 4 18 w7hu figs-metaphor 0 the path of righteous people The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220 PRO 4 18 etf9 figs-simile 0 the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
221 PRO 4 18 i5k7 0 the first light This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
245 PRO 5 1 nl9h figs-synecdoche 0 incline your ears Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246 PRO 5 2 cei4 0 discretion Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
247 PRO 5 2 la7f figs-synecdoche 0 your lips may protect knowledge Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
248 PRO 5 3 zxr9 figs-metonymy 0 the lips of an adulteress drip with honey Possible meanings are 1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or 2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249 PRO 5 3 z9rm figs-metonymy 0 her mouth is smoother than oil Possible meanings are 1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or 2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
250 PRO 5 4 pd3g figs-metaphor 0 but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251 PRO 5 4 m3sn 0 wormwood a plant that tastes bitter
252 PRO 5 4 jy84 figs-metaphor 0 cutting like a sharp sword The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253 PRO 5 5 kc88 figs-synecdoche 0 Her feet go down to death Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254 PRO 5 5 g7qf figs-metaphor 0 her steps go all the way to Sheol The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
255 PRO 5 6 nxc1 figs-metaphor 0 She gives no thought to the path of life The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
256 PRO 5 6 iki3 0 Her footsteps wander Possible meanings are 1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or 2) “She walks along the wrong path.” Possible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
257 PRO 5 7 dwp8 0 Now Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
258 PRO 5 7 ry9i figs-parallelism 0 listen to me…do not turn away from listening These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
259 PRO 5 7 e4q8 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn away from listening The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261 PRO 5 8 y32e figs-metonymy 0 Keep your path far away from her Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262 PRO 5 8 jw5h figs-synecdoche 0 do not come near the door of her house Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
263 PRO 5 9 pl7u 0 In that way “If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
264 PRO 5 9 b54w 0 you will not give away your honor to others Possible meanings for the word “honor” are 1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or 2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or 3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people” Possible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
265 PRO 5 9 bc5b figs-ellipsis 0 or years of your life to a cruel person The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266 PRO 5 9 yb9a 0 a cruel person This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
267 PRO 5 10 d9br figs-metaphor 0 strangers will not feast on your wealth The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272 PRO 5 12 m4gr figs-exclamations 0 How I hated instruction The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273 PRO 5 12 b7lf figs-synecdoche 0 my heart despised correction Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
274 PRO 5 13 kvf5 figs-synecdoche 0 incline my ear to my instructors Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
275 PRO 5 14 he4c figs-parallelism 0 in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either 1) to worship God or 2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
276 PRO 5 15 f76j figs-parallelism 0 water from your own cistern…running water from your own well These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277 PRO 5 15 t8av figs-metaphor 0 running water The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278 PRO 5 16 pe1s figs-rquestion 0 Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not…your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
279 PRO 5 16 u3ua figs-euphemism 0 Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares? Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are 1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or 2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280 PRO 5 16 ss2w 0 public squares Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
281 PRO 5 17 f7ge 0 Let them be The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
282 PRO 5 17 s9wf 0 not for strangers with you “do not share them with strangers”
283 PRO 5 18 xd81 figs-metaphor 0 May your fountain be blessed The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284 PRO 5 18 tz7f 0 the wife of your youth Possible meanings are 1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or 2) “your young wife.” Possible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
285 PRO 5 19 n93j figs-metaphor 0 she is a loving deer and a graceful doe The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286 PRO 5 19 dv45 0 graceful This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
287 PRO 5 19 x1vq figs-synecdoche 0 Let her breasts satisfy you Possible meanings are 1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288 PRO 5 19 pb8m figs-activepassive 0 may you be continually intoxicated by her love Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
289 PRO 5 19 elf2 0 by her love Possible meanings are 1) “by your love for her” or 2) “by her love for you.” Possible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
290 PRO 5 20 d78f figs-rquestion 0 For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman? The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
291 PRO 5 20 z71k figs-activepassive 0 be captivated by an adulteress Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292 PRO 5 20 zr1u figs-synecdoche 0 why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
293 PRO 5 20 x9gw 0 an immoral woman Possible meanings are 1) “a woman who is not your wife” or 2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.” Possible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
294 PRO 5 21 jh86 figs-parallelism 0 sees everything…watches all the paths These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
295 PRO 5 21 p1ar figs-metaphor 0 all the paths he takes The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296 PRO 5 22 u9ya figs-personification 0 A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299 PRO 5 23 n1a7 0 by his great foolishness “because he is very foolish”
300 PRO 6 intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>### Numbers<br><br>Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals used as types<br><br>The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>
301 PRO 6 1 sb1b figs-explicit 0 set aside your money Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
302 PRO 6 1 z256 0 a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. Possible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
303 PRO 6 1 p3wd 0 neighbor This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
304 PRO 6 2 p9iu figs-idiom 0 you have laid a trap for yourself This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
305 PRO 6 2 qta7 0 the words of your mouth “what you said” or “what you promised to do”
364 PRO 6 25 f4km 0 capture you “gain control over you”
365 PRO 6 25 vnr8 figs-synecdoche 0 her eyelashes The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
366 PRO 6 26 p3jv 0 the price of a loaf of bread This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
367 PRO 6 26 k5fu 0 may cost you your very life Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. Possible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
368 PRO 6 27 gzh2 figs-rquestion 0 Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
369 PRO 6 27 sew8 0 without burning “without destroying” or “and not destroy”
370 PRO 6 27 pt18 figs-metonymy 0 his clothes His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
392 PRO 7 1 k635 figs-metaphor 0 store up my commands within yourself Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
393 PRO 7 2 a8m4 figs-metaphor 0 keep my instruction Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
394 PRO 7 2 xfb2 figs-idiom 0 as the apple of your eye The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395 PRO 7 3 g5jv figs-metaphor 0 Tie them on your fingers Possible meanings are 1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or 2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
396 PRO 7 3 c4yy figs-metaphor 0 write them on the tablet of your heart Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397 PRO 7 4 jn44 figs-personification 0 Say to wisdom, “You are my sister Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
398 PRO 7 4 z4x8 figs-personification 0 call understanding your kinsman Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
443 PRO 8 intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>
444 PRO 8 1 qsc7 figs-personification 0 General Information: In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
445 PRO 8 1 v9h5 figs-rquestion 0 Does not Wisdom call out? This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
446 PRO 8 1 i9hu figs-personification 0 Does not Wisdom call out? Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: 1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” 2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
447 PRO 8 1 pt6p figs-rquestion 0 Does not Understanding raise her voice? Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
448 PRO 8 1 k4ug 0 raise her voice “speak”
449 PRO 8 3 z73y 0 the gates at the entrance into the city In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
517 PRO 8 32 hwt3 figs-personification 0 listen to me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
518 PRO 8 32 m6ib figs-metaphor 0 those who keep my ways Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
519 PRO 8 33 ky6l figs-litotes 0 do not neglect “do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
520 PRO 8 34 i55j figs-parallelism 0 watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are 1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or 2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
521 PRO 8 35 z6lm figs-personification 0 finds me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
522 PRO 8 36 hfn9 figs-personification 0 hate me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
523 PRO 8 36 yl6t figs-explicit 0 he who fails The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
725 PRO 13 6 iac2 figs-metonymy 0 who are faultless in their path Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
726 PRO 13 6 r21h figs-personification 0 wickedness turns away those who commit sin Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
727 PRO 13 7 z16h 0 who enriches himself “who makes himself rich”
728 PRO 13 8 mre8 0 does not hear a threat Possible meanings are 1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or 2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke” Possible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
729 PRO 13 9 ev8k figs-metaphor 0 The light of righteous people rejoices Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
730 PRO 13 9 ibt9 figs-metaphor 0 the lamp of wicked people will be put out Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731 PRO 13 10 c8hy 0 Pride only breeds conflict “Pride always causes conflict”
761 PRO 13 25 azl9 figs-metonymy 0 the stomach of the wicked is always hungry Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
762 PRO 14 intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
763 PRO 14 1 r3rp 0 builds her house “builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
764 PRO 14 1 tv3l 0 house Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family. Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
765 PRO 14 1 l2y8 figs-synecdoche 0 with her own hands The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
766 PRO 14 2 qgn4 0 The one who…the one who “The person who…the person who”
767 PRO 14 2 qnc4 figs-metaphor 0 walks uprightly “Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
849 PRO 15 5 x86t 0 is prudent “is wise”
850 PRO 15 6 h7yy figs-abstractnouns 0 the earnings of the wicked person give The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
851 PRO 15 7 tk6t figs-metaphor 0 The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
852 PRO 15 7 wet2 figs-synecdoche 0 not so the hearts of fools Possible meanings are 1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
853 PRO 15 8 a5ry 0 upright people “people who live rightly”
854 PRO 15 8 fci9 0 is his delight “pleases him”
855 PRO 15 9 ui9i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh hates the way of wicked people The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
894 PRO 15 28 zr4l 0 the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
895 PRO 15 29 nq5q figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is far away from wicked people The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
896 PRO 15 30 msq2 figs-metaphor 0 The light of the eyes The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897 PRO 15 30 d2bg figs-synecdoche 0 brings joy to the heart The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
898 PRO 15 30 hhj8 figs-synecdoche 0 good news is health to the body Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
899 PRO 15 31 vet3 0 you will remain among wise people Possible meanings are 1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or 2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. Possible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
900 PRO 15 32 l9cd figs-abstractnouns 0 listens to correction The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
901 PRO 15 33 nhk9 figs-abstractnouns 0 The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
902 PRO 15 33 t56g 0 The fear of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
903 PRO 15 33 w2h2 0 humility comes before honor This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
904 PRO 16 intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King and royalty<br><br>Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
905 PRO 16 1 bqu9 figs-metonymy 0 The plans of the heart belong to a person Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906 PRO 16 1 hf8a figs-metaphor 0 from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
907 PRO 16 1 j1hu figs-synecdoche 0 the answer from his tongue The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
908 PRO 16 2 m6li figs-metaphor 0 All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
909 PRO 16 2 ky4t figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh weighs the spirits Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
910 PRO 16 4 ccq1 figs-ellipsis 0 even the wicked for the day of trouble The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
911 PRO 16 5 lkb8 figs-synecdoche 0 everyone who has an arrogant heart Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
912 PRO 16 5 cq2g figs-litotes 0 they will not go unpunished The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
913 PRO 16 6 t6t9 figs-abstractnouns 0 By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or 2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
914 PRO 16 6 sn15 figs-metaphor 0 people turn away from evil The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915 PRO 16 7 i6tc 0 he makes “Yahweh makes”
916 PRO 16 8 u992 0 a large income “earning a lot of money”
920 PRO 16 10 ak2q figs-metonymy 0 Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
921 PRO 16 10 ul24 figs-synecdoche 0 his mouth should not betray justice The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
922 PRO 16 11 hb1i figs-explicit 0 Honest scales come from Yahweh Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
923 PRO 16 11 c4kd 0 all the weights in the bag are his work Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or 2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
924 PRO 16 12 tie4 figs-activepassive 0 that is something to be despised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925 PRO 16 12 yr8j figs-metonymy 0 for a throne is established by doing what is right Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
926 PRO 16 13 sfa1 figs-synecdoche 0 lips that say what is right Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
943 PRO 16 23 rbc8 figs-metonymy 0 The heart of a wise person gives Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
944 PRO 16 23 qa4q figs-metonymy 0 gives insight to his mouth Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
945 PRO 16 23 i4qn figs-metonymy 0 to his lips Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
946 PRO 16 24 r6ef figs-metonymy 0 sweet to the soul Possible meanings for the word “soul” are 1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or 2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
947 PRO 16 24 ye3n figs-synecdoche 0 healing to the bones Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
948 PRO 16 25 v8l9 figs-metonymy 0 There is a way that seems right to a man The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
949 PRO 16 25 es6x 0 but its end is the way to death The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
964 PRO 16 31 y1am figs-activepassive 0 it is gained This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
965 PRO 16 32 x3rg figs-metaphor 0 one who rules his spirit The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
966 PRO 16 33 ei8c figs-activepassive 0 The lots are cast into the lap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967 PRO 16 33 js5x 0 the decision is from Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
968 PRO 17 intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
969 PRO 17 1 ecu4 figs-metonymy 0 to have quiet Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
970 PRO 17 1 p2y8 figs-ellipsis 0 than a house full of feasting with strife The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
971 PRO 17 3 fh66 figs-explicit 0 The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
972 PRO 17 3 fi3n 0 crucible a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
973 PRO 17 3 aq7i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh refines hearts This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
974 PRO 17 4 bar9 figs-synecdoche 0 wicked lips The word “lips” can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
975 PRO 17 4 cj9s figs-idiom 0 gives ear This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
976 PRO 17 4 ef8i figs-synecdoche 0 destructive tongue The word “tongue” can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
977 PRO 17 5 a5ue figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
978 PRO 17 5 gs4i figs-abstractnouns 0 his Maker This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
979 PRO 17 5 dj8b figs-explicit 0 at misfortune This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1033 PRO 18 2 u731 figs-litotes 0 A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1034 PRO 18 2 ey4y figs-explicit 0 but only in revealing what is in his own heart This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1035 PRO 18 2 yp8r figs-metonymy 0 what is in his own heart The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1036 PRO 18 3 fw1y figs-personification 0 contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are 1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or 2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1037 PRO 18 3 ps5e figs-doublet 0 shame and reproach These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1038 PRO 18 4 izv2 figs-parallelism 0 The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1039 PRO 18 4 nv82 figs-metaphor 0 The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1135 PRO 19 17 zw6r figs-metaphor 0 Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1136 PRO 19 17 qx9d figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1137 PRO 19 18 nw29 figs-explicit 0 while there is hope This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1138 PRO 19 18 md5c figs-explicit 0 and do not set your desire on putting him to death Possible meanings are 1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or 2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1139 PRO 19 18 hky1 figs-idiom 0 set your desire on putting him This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1140 PRO 19 19 n85t figs-idiom 0 A hot-tempered person This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1141 PRO 19 19 f2vs figs-idiom 0 must pay the penalty This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1158 PRO 19 25 v49d 0 prudent See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
1159 PRO 19 25 m391 0 discipline one who is discerning, and “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
1160 PRO 19 25 wwq5 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will gain knowledge The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1161 PRO 19 26 g233 figs-explicit 0 brings shame and reproach Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or 2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1162 PRO 19 27 n4av figs-metonymy 0 If you cease to hear instruction Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163 PRO 19 27 s24z 0 you will stray from “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
1164 PRO 19 27 y3ln 0 the words of knowledge “knowledge”
1275 PRO 21 11 a6a5 0 the mocker “the person who mocks others”
1276 PRO 21 11 m512 figs-activepassive 0 when the wise person is instructed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1277 PRO 21 11 ylu9 figs-metaphor 0 lays hold of knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1278 PRO 21 12 t3bj 0 The righteous Possible meanings are 1) any righteous person or 2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.” Possible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
1279 PRO 21 12 bc3u 0 watches the house “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
1280 PRO 21 12 tem1 figs-metaphor 0 he brings wicked people to disaster Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1281 PRO 21 13 uc5n figs-idiom 0 The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1305 PRO 21 27 l3le figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1306 PRO 21 27 iy31 0 it is even more detestable “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
1307 PRO 21 28 h8d4 0 will speak for all time This is because people will never forget what he said.
1308 PRO 21 29 z6tg figs-idiom 0 makes his face hard Possible meanings are 1) “pretends to be courageous” or 2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1309 PRO 21 29 ts1r figs-metaphor 0 is certain about his ways A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310 PRO 21 30 n8kt figs-abstractnouns 0 There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1311 PRO 21 30 k3pe 0 stand against Yahweh “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
1323 PRO 22 6 je4e figs-metaphor 0 the way he should go How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1324 PRO 22 7 dk14 figs-explicit 0 borrows…lends You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money…lends money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1325 PRO 22 8 l36j figs-metaphor 0 He who sows injustice will reap trouble The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1326 PRO 22 8 htf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rod of his fury will fade away The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are 1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or 2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327 PRO 22 8 yu9g figs-metonymy 0 rod of his fury The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1328 PRO 22 8 kpt4 0 will fade away The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
1329 PRO 22 9 nxi8 figs-activepassive 0 The one who has a generous eye will be blessed These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1382 PRO 22 29 e6ii figs-metonymy 0 stand before This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1383 PRO 23 intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
1384 PRO 23 1 z181 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1385 PRO 23 2 lu62 figs-hyperbole 0 put a knife to your throat Possible meanings of this exaggeration are 1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or 2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1386 PRO 23 3 zfk9 0 Do not crave “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
1387 PRO 23 3 zkz5 0 his delicacies “his special and expensive food”
1388 PRO 23 3 tjm2 figs-idiom 0 it is the food of lies This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1407 PRO 23 11 bgi8 figs-metaphor 0 he will plead their case against you The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1408 PRO 23 12 w7ey 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1409 PRO 23 12 pgj6 figs-idiom 0 Apply your heart to This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1410 PRO 23 12 v2r3 0 instruction Possible meanings are 1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or 2) “what people say and do when they correct you.” Possible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
1411 PRO 23 12 jul6 figs-ellipsis 0 your ears The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1412 PRO 23 12 gn45 0 to words of knowledge “to me when I tell you what I know”
1413 PRO 23 13 c9zs 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1424 PRO 23 19 qj67 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1425 PRO 23 19 f128 0 Hear—you!—my son “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
1426 PRO 23 19 jg2g figs-metaphor 0 direct your heart in the way Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1427 PRO 23 20 sag8 figs-synecdoche 0 gluttonous eaters of meat Possible meanings are 1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or 2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1428 PRO 23 21 z3sn figs-personification 0 slumber will clothe them with rags The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1429 PRO 23 22 bzi7 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1430 PRO 23 22 s9it figs-litotes 0 do not despise This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1433 PRO 23 24 qls1 0 The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
1434 PRO 23 24 b6a9 0 will be glad in him “will be glad because of him”
1435 PRO 23 26 c77m 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1436 PRO 23 26 ds3t figs-metonymy 0 give me your heart The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are 1) “pay careful attention” or 2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1437 PRO 23 26 zdk9 figs-synecdoche 0 let your eyes observe The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1438 PRO 23 27 b64j figs-merism 0 prostitute…immoral woman There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1439 PRO 23 27 y9ln figs-metaphor 0 a prostitute is a deep pit The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1448 PRO 23 29 yw3q 0 bloodshot eyes “eyes red, like the color of blood”
1449 PRO 23 30 kqg7 0 Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
1450 PRO 23 30 g2tp figs-euphemism 0 linger over wine spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1451 PRO 23 30 t96n 0 the mixed wine Possible meanings are 1) different wines mixed together or 2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. Possible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
1452 PRO 23 31 v5x1 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1453 PRO 23 32 ip9z 0 In the last “After you drink it”
1454 PRO 23 32 cr4n figs-metaphor 0 it bites like a serpent…it stings like an adder The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1496 PRO 24 12 pa6x figs-rquestion 0 The one who guards your life, does he not know it? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1497 PRO 24 12 m55q figs-rquestion 0 Will God not give to each one what he deserves? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1498 PRO 24 13 q7s6 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1499 PRO 24 14 p5t6 figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off Possible meanings are 1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or 2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1500 PRO 24 15 i96h 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1501 PRO 24 15 s1ww figs-idiom 0 Do not lie in wait The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1502 PRO 24 15 g6w6 0 his home the home of the righteous person
1517 PRO 24 23 jq5s 0 These also are sayings of the wise This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
1518 PRO 24 23 ci6n 0 a case at law a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
1519 PRO 24 24 lma6 0 Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him”
1520 PRO 24 24 rfb9 0 the wicked person…a righteous person Possible meanings are 1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or 2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent” Possible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent”
1521 PRO 24 25 xwv5 0 will have delight “will be very happy”
1522 PRO 24 25 ufh1 figs-personification 0 gifts of goodness will come to them Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1523 PRO 24 25 uy7d 0 gifts of goodness “good things” or “blessings”
1546 PRO 25 9 c77l 0 do not disclose another’s secret “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
1547 PRO 25 10 fr3g figs-activepassive 0 an evil report about you that cannot be silenced Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1548 PRO 25 11 e2ay figs-metaphor 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1549 PRO 25 11 sq35 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are 1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or 2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl” The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
1550 PRO 25 11 ptu8 figs-activepassive 0 is a word spoken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1551 PRO 25 12 ir54 figs-metaphor 0 A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1552 PRO 25 12 i38p figs-synecdoche 0 listening ear The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1571 PRO 25 24 urg5 0 a quarreling wife a wife who often argues or complains
1572 PRO 25 25 p4p8 figs-simile 0 Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1573 PRO 25 26 p3dy figs-simile 0 Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1574 PRO 25 26 tiq8 figs-metaphor 0 tottering before wicked people Tottering is a metaphor for either 1) refusing to fight wicked people or 2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1575 PRO 25 26 fe9h figs-metaphor 0 tottering This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576 PRO 25 26 e13r figs-idiom 0 before wicked people Possible meanings are 1) “when wicked people attack him” or 2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1577 PRO 25 27 h7jf figs-simile 0 It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1578 PRO 25 27 x6in figs-litotes 0 It is not good This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1579 PRO 25 27 ea11 0 that is like searching for honor after honor “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
1598 PRO 26 8 vhn4 figs-explicit 0 tying a stone in a sling In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1599 PRO 26 8 fy3g 0 giving honor to a fool “honoring a fool”
1600 PRO 26 9 l82z figs-simile 0 Like a thorn…is a proverb in the mouth of fools How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1601 PRO 26 9 z794 figs-synecdoche 0 a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard Possible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1602 PRO 26 9 q3gg figs-metonymy 0 in the mouth of fools Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603 PRO 26 10 lu8m 0 hires a fool “gives a job to a fool”
1604 PRO 26 11 dgd2 0 As a dog returns to his own vomit “As a dog eats its own vomit”
1628 PRO 26 23 s94p figs-metaphor 0 burning lips The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1629 PRO 26 23 p5hf figs-metonymy 0 an evil heart The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1630 PRO 26 24 rhg2 figs-metaphor 0 disguises his feelings with his lips Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1631 PRO 26 24 qu8b figs-metaphor 0 he lays up deceit within himself Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: “he likes his many lies” or 2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1632 PRO 26 25 f4gf 0 but do not believe him “but do not believe what he says”
1633 PRO 26 25 q7ln figs-metaphor 0 for there are seven abominations in his heart The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are 1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or 2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1634 PRO 26 26 iv6j figs-activepassive 0 Though his hatred is covered with deception This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1635 PRO 26 26 d99d figs-metaphor 0 Though his hatred is covered with deception Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1636 PRO 26 26 slh6 figs-metaphor 0 his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1638 PRO 26 27 sg61 figs-explicit 0 Whoever digs a pit will fall into it It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1639 PRO 26 27 nj1w figs-explicit 0 the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1640 PRO 26 28 wvw9 figs-synecdoche 0 A lying tongue hates the people it crushes The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1641 PRO 26 28 dfi2 figs-synecdoche 0 a flattering mouth brings about ruin The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1642 PRO 26 28 qp8a 0 flattering praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
1643 PRO 27 intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
1644 PRO 27 1 f85w figs-explicit 0 Do not boast about tomorrow This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1664 PRO 27 8 tmr6 figs-simile 0 Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1665 PRO 27 9 p2m8 0 Perfume The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
1666 PRO 27 9 zj6k figs-metonymy 0 make the heart rejoice Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1667 PRO 27 9 fa3b figs-metaphor 0 the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel Possible meanings are 1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or 2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1668 PRO 27 10 c6gz 0 your brother’s house Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
1669 PRO 27 10 zin1 0 calamity extreme troubles and misfortune
1670 PRO 27 11 v2t7 figs-metonymy 0 make my heart rejoice Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1767 PRO 28 16 et9j figs-abstractnouns 0 The ruler who lacks understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1768 PRO 28 16 az95 0 oppressor a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
1769 PRO 28 16 lv7n figs-abstractnouns 0 the one who hates dishonesty The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1770 PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or 2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1771 PRO 28 17 rm8g figs-metonymy 0 he has shed someone’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1772 PRO 28 17 v592 0 fugitive a person who is running away to avoid being captured
1773 PRO 28 17 iz6w figs-idiom 0 until death “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1794 PRO 28 23 l9i1 0 flatters praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
1795 PRO 28 24 xcp2 0 Whoever robs “The one who robs”
1796 PRO 28 24 qt94 figs-quotations 0 says, “That is no sin,” he This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1797 PRO 28 24 ie7m figs-idiom 0 the companion of Possible meanings are: 1) “the friend of” or 2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1798 PRO 28 25 e3ce 0 A greedy man a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
1799 PRO 28 25 bkj4 figs-metaphor 0 stirs up conflict The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1800 PRO 28 26 pnc4 figs-synecdoche 0 One who trusts in his own heart Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1801 PRO 28 26 dyj3 0 whoever walks “any person who walks”
1802 PRO 28 26 g7hy figs-idiom 0 walks in wisdom Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or 2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1803 PRO 28 27 yhn4 0 The one “The person”
1804 PRO 28 27 y6e6 figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1805 PRO 28 27 iwx5 figs-litotes 0 lack nothing This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1806 PRO 28 27 ykd8 figs-activepassive 0 whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or 2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or 3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1807 PRO 28 27 cgl4 0 whoever closes “anyone who closes”
1808 PRO 28 27 x8x1 figs-metonymy 0 closes his eyes to Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1809 PRO 28 28 ku38 figs-idiom 0 When the wicked arise This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1810 PRO 28 28 xc51 figs-hyperbole 0 people hide themselves This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1811 PRO 28 28 vjp8 0 perish Possible meanings are 1) “go away” or 2) “fall from power” or 3) “are destroyed.” Possible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
1812 PRO 28 28 pd87 0 increase Possible meanings are 1) “multiply” or 2) “rise to power.” Possible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
1813 PRO 29 intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
1814 PRO 29 1 rl7a figs-metaphor 0 who stiffens his neck A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1815 PRO 29 1 nb5z figs-activepassive 0 will be broken in a moment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1846 PRO 29 22 ad7m figs-idiom 0 a master of rage This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1847 PRO 29 23 z268 figs-activepassive 0 one who has a humble spirit will be given honor This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1848 PRO 29 24 jpz1 0 hates his own life “becomes his own enemy”
1849 PRO 29 24 ej5k figs-explicit 0 he hears the curse and says nothing Possible meanings are 1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or 2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1850 PRO 29 25 t7d5 figs-metaphor 0 The fear of man makes a snare Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1851 PRO 29 25 k5l2 0 a snare a trap that catches animals with ropes
1852 PRO 29 25 t3gk figs-activepassive 0 the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1873 PRO 30 5 u15z figs-metaphor 0 he is a shield to those who take refuge in him The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1874 PRO 30 6 lu63 0 add to his words say more than he has said
1875 PRO 30 6 e39x figs-activepassive 0 you will be proved to be This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1876 PRO 30 8 v3d5 figs-metaphor 0 Put vanity and lies far away from me Possible meanings are 1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or 2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1877 PRO 30 8 jw32 0 vanity false, useless words
1878 PRO 30 8 wk6q figs-metaphor 0 Give me neither poverty nor riches The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1879 PRO 30 9 vrk2 figs-hypo 0 if I have too much, I might deny you and say This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1918 PRO 30 33 kgm4 0 churning strongly stirring
1919 PRO 30 33 nj7p 0 butter Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
1920 PRO 31 intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### King Lemuel<br><br>This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### An acrostic poem<br><br>Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
1921 PRO 31 2 nw5l figs-rquestion 0 What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are 1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or 2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or 3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1922 PRO 31 2 ag7f 0 my son…son of my womb…son of my vows The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
1923 PRO 31 2 ye5f 0 son of my womb The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
1924 PRO 31 2 p2hh 0 son of my vows The “vows” could be 1) the mother’s marriage vows or 2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. The “vows” could be (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
1925 PRO 31 3 irw8 0 Do not give your strength to women “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
1926 PRO 31 3 tuq5 0 or your ways to those who destroy kings “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
1927 PRO 31 3 j3yt 0 your ways Possible meanings are 1) “the way you live your life” or 2) “the work you do” Possible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
1928 PRO 31 3 v8um 0 those who destroy kings probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
1929 PRO 31 4 s8mw 0 Lemuel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
1930 PRO 31 5 ex8n figs-activepassive 0 what has been decreed This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “what God has decreed” or 2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1931 PRO 31 5 w2jv 0 pervert the rights of all the afflicted “deny afflicted people their legal rights”
1932 PRO 31 5 y3ds 0 pervert exchange good for evil
1933 PRO 31 5 mdn6 0 all the afflicted “all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
1944 PRO 31 11 i7un figs-litotes 0 he will never be poor This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1945 PRO 31 13 usy5 0 wool sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
1946 PRO 31 13 xs1v 0 flax a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
1947 PRO 31 13 n9qr 0 with the delight of her hands Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes 1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or 2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with” Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
1948 PRO 31 14 h984 0 merchant someone who buys and sells
1949 PRO 31 15 ry3t 0 distributes the work for her female servants “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
1950 PRO 31 16 fgc9 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of her hands The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1969 PRO 31 27 uqe6 figs-metaphor 0 watches over the ways of her household The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1970 PRO 31 27 ynb8 figs-idiom 0 does not eat the bread of idleness To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1971 PRO 31 27 j79l 0 idleness doing nothing and being lazy
1972 PRO 31 28 hq5u figs-metonymy 0 rise up and Possible meanings are 1) literally “stand up and” or 2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1973 PRO 31 28 lqv2 figs-quotations 0 call her blessed saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1974 PRO 31 29 fl85 0 you surpassed “you have done better than”
1975 PRO 31 30 e8cj figs-abstractnouns 0 Elegance is deceptive The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ECC 2 23 b5zv figs-doublet 0 painful and stressful These two words mean basical
ECC 2 23 f3zg figs-idiom 0 his soul does not find rest Here man’s mind is referred to as his “soul” to emphasize his deep thoughts. Alternate translation: “his mind does not rest” or “he continues to worry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 2 24 xa3q figs-metonymy 0 God’s hand Here God is represented by his “hand” to emphasize how he provides for people. Alternate translation: “from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 2 25 x4m8 figs-rquestion 0 For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no pleasure can be had without God’s provision. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 2 26 s16q 0 so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God Possible meanings for the word “he” are 1) God or 2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. Alternate translation: “so that the one who pleases God may have it”
ECC 2 26 s16q 0 so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God Possible meanings for the word “he” are (1) God or (2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. Alternate translation: “so that the one who pleases God may have it”
ECC 2 26 fs9n figs-parallelism 0 vapor…an attempt to shepherd the wind These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ECC 2 26 v8zn figs-metaphor 0 vapor “mist.” The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were “vapor.” See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 2 26 e7hm figs-metaphor 0 an attempt to shepherd the wind The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “are as useless as trying to control the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ ECC 3 intro a9c1 0 # Ecclesiastes 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and format
ECC 3 1 q8gz figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer uses merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ECC 3 1 hn82 figs-parallelism 0 For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ECC 3 1 s8am figs-idiom 0 under heaven This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants Possible meanings are 1) “a time to harvest” or 2) “a time to uproot.”
ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants Possible meanings are (1) “a time to harvest” or (2) “a time to uproot.”
ECC 3 4 a5em figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ECC 3 5 yg8l 0 embrace to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship
ECC 3 6 az59 figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ ECC 4 3 ekt2 0 more fortunate than both of them is the one who has not yet liv
ECC 4 3 q72x figs-explicit 0 both of them This refers to those who are dead and to those who are alive. Alternate translation: “both those who are dead and those who are living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ECC 4 3 hua5 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 4 4 y7i7 figs-abstractnouns 0 became the envy of one’s neighbor The word “envy” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “made one’s neighbor envious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 4 4 u7wt 0 the envy of one’s neighbor possible meanings are 1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or 2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has.
ECC 4 4 u7wt 0 the envy of one’s neighbor possible meanings are (1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or (2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has.
ECC 4 4 e19x figs-parallelism 0 vapor…an attempt to shepherd the wind These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ECC 4 4 u3t7 figs-metaphor 0 vapor “mist.” The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 4 4 m36w figs-metaphor 0 an attempt to shepherd the wind The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “are as useless as trying to control the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ ECC 5 8 v44r figs-idiom 0 even higher ones over them There are other men who ru
ECC 5 9 uc5e figs-abstractnouns 0 the produce of the land…produce from the fields The word “produce” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “the food that the land produces…crops from the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 5 10 kh3l figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were mist. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 5 11 md9b figs-abstractnouns 0 As prosperity increases The word “prosperity” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “As a person becomes more prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 5 11 xh2w 0 so also do the people who consume it Possible meanings are 1) “so also the person spends more money” or 2) “so also there will be more people who use his wealth.”
ECC 5 11 xh2w 0 so also do the people who consume it Possible meanings are (1) “so also the person spends more money” or (2) “so also there will be more people who use his wealth.”
ECC 5 11 ncz7 figs-metaphor 0 who consume it This speaks of people spending wealth as if they were “eating” it. Alternate translation: “who use it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 5 11 c2dc figs-rquestion 0 What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the wealthy do not benefit from their wealth. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 5 12 d52v figs-metaphor 0 The sleep of a working man is sweet This speaks of a person’s sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. Alternate translation: “The sleep of a working man is peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ ECC 5 12 dr7p 0 whether he eats little or a lot “whether he eats a little bi
ECC 5 12 u4e4 figs-personification 0 but the wealth of a rich person does not allow him to sleep well “but the wealth of a rich person keeps him awake at night.” This speaks of a rich person not being able to sleep because he is worried about his money as if his money were a person that would not allow him to sleep. Alternate translation: “but rich people do not sleep well because they worry about their money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ECC 5 13 m4vd figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 5 13 j6b2 figs-activepassive 0 riches hoarded by the owner This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an owner hoards riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 5 14 d5n4 0 through bad luck Possible meanings are 1) “through misfortune” or 2) “through a bad business deal.”
ECC 5 14 d5n4 0 through bad luck Possible meanings are (1) “through misfortune” or (2) “through a bad business deal.”
ECC 5 14 zb1u figs-metonymy 0 his own son, one whom he has fathered, is left with nothing in his hands Here the phrase “in his hands” represents ownership. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he leaves no possession for his own son” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 5 15 it6k figs-metaphor 0 As a man comes from his mother’s womb…he will leave naked It is implied that a man is naked when he is born. In addition to being without clothing, here the word “naked” emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. Alternate translation: “As a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born…he will leave this life the same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 5 15 wl6z 0 comes from his mother’s womb “is born”
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ ECC 5 15 zl7h figs-euphemism 0 he will leave This refers to dying. Alternate tr
ECC 5 15 fe51 figs-metonymy 0 He can take none of the fruits of his labor in his hand Here a man’s possessions are spoken of as if they are fruit that he grew with his labor. Alternate translation: “He can not take any of his possessions with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 5 16 qd7u figs-explicit 0 as a person comes, so he goes away This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. Alternate translation: “as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ECC 5 16 h3bb figs-rquestion 0 So what profit is there for him who works for the wind? The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one gets any profit in working for the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 5 16 dl4p figs-metaphor 0 works for the wind Possible meanings are 1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: “tries to shepherd the wind” or “work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind” or 2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: “works to receive the air he breathes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ECC 5 16 dl4p figs-metaphor 0 works for the wind Possible meanings are (1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: “tries to shepherd the wind” or “work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind” or (2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: “works to receive the air he breathes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ECC 5 17 x449 figs-metaphor 0 During his days he eats with darkness This speaks of a person mourning throughout his life as if he always ate in darkness. Here “darkness” represents sadness and mourning. Alternate translation: “He spends his life in mourning and sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 5 17 rys5 figs-metonymy 0 his days Here a person’s “days” represent his life. Alternate translation: “his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 5 17 zw6w figs-abstractnouns 0 is greatly distressed with sickness and anger The words “sickness” and “anger” can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “suffers greatly, being sick and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ ECC 5 18 k7uq figs-idiom 0 Look The author uses this word here to draw his read
ECC 5 18 qp65 figs-doublet 0 what I have seen to be good and suitable Here the words “good” and “suitable” mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the meaning of the first. Alternate translation: “what I have seen to be the best thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ECC 5 18 ue88 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 5 18 m281 figs-idiom 0 during the days of this life that God has given us This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as God allows us to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 5 18 ued7 0 For this is man’s assignment Possible meanings are 1) “For this is man’s reward” or 2) “For these are the things that he allows man to do”
ECC 5 18 ued7 0 For this is man’s assignment Possible meanings are (1) “For this is man’s reward” or (2) “For these are the things that he allows man to do”
ECC 5 19 n4ka figs-doublet 0 riches and wealth These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ECC 5 19 b3ld 0 to receive his share “to accept what he is given”
ECC 5 20 iz9m figs-idiom 0 he does not call to mind Here the word “he” refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he does not remember” or “he does not think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ ECC 6 2 jr84 figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless
ECC 6 3 qq8e translate-numbers 0 fathers a hundred children “fathers 100 children.” This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration and is applicable to people with fewer than 100 children. Alternate translation: “fathers many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ECC 6 3 z9ls figs-parallelism 0 lives many years, so that the days of his years are many These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “lives many years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ECC 6 3 fun6 figs-synecdoche 0 his heart is not satisfied with good This refers to a man by his “heart” to emphasize his feelings. Alternate translation: “he is not content with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 6 3 qmh2 figs-activepassive 0 he is not buried This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “no one buries him at all” or 2) he receives no honor, “no one buries him properly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ECC 6 3 qmh2 figs-activepassive 0 he is not buried This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “no one buries him at all” or (2) he receives no honor, “no one buries him properly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ECC 6 4 g8un 0 such a baby is born in futility “such a baby is born for nothing”
ECC 6 4 tr53 figs-idiom 0 passes away in darkness This speaks of the death of the baby being as unexplainable as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “dies unexplainably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 6 4 xfu5 figs-metaphor 0 its name remains hidden This speaks of no one knowing the baby’s name as if it were a hidden object. Alternate translation: “no one knows its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ ECC 7 intro fp2g 0 # Ecclesiastes 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and format
ECC 7 1 fq9e figs-metonymy 0 A good name Here a person’s “name” is used to represent their reputation. Alternate translation: “A good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 7 2 y1yx figs-idiom 0 must take this to heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “must think seriously about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 7 3 g9c7 figs-idiom 0 sadness of face This refers to being sad. Alternate translation: “an experience that makes a person sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 7 3 rsl9 figs-metonymy 0 gladness of heart Here the word “heart” refers to a person’s thoughts and emotions. “Gladness” describes either 1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or 2) the ability to understand the truth. Alternate translation: “right thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 7 3 rsl9 figs-metonymy 0 gladness of heart Here the word “heart” refers to a person’s thoughts and emotions. “Gladness” describes either (1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or (2) the ability to understand the truth. Alternate translation: “right thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 7 4 pli9 figs-synecdoche 0 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning Here wise people are referred to by their “hearts.” This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. Alternate translation: “Wise people think deeply about death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 7 4 lly7 figs-synecdoche 0 but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting Here foolish people are referred to by their “hearts.” This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. Alternate translation: “but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 7 4 ux5g 0 the house of mourning…the house of feasting These phrases refer to what happens in these places.
@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ ECC 7 5 lal6 0 to listen to the song of fools “to listen to fools sing”
ECC 7 6 bh8q figs-simile 0 For like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot, so also is the laughter of fools This speaks of how listening to fools talk and laugh will teach you nothing, as if their speech and laughter were the sound of burning thorns. Alternate translation: “For listening to the laughter of fools will not teach a man any more than if he were listening to the crackling of thorns burning under a pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ECC 7 6 im4x figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were mist. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 7 7 be8y 0 Extortion This refers to forcing someone to give money or other valuable items to another so that the other person does not harm him. It is considered wrong.
ECC 7 7 dt3e 0 makes a wise man foolish Possible meanings are 1) “turns the wise man into a foolish man” or 2) “makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice.”
ECC 7 7 dt3e 0 makes a wise man foolish Possible meanings are (1) “turns the wise man into a foolish man” or (2) “makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice.”
ECC 7 7 n3hs figs-metonymy 0 corrupts the heart Here the word “heart” refers to the mind. Alternate translation: “ruins a person’s ability to think and judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 7 8 bw3c figs-metonymy 0 the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit Here the word “spirit” refers to a person’s attitude. Alternate translation: “patient people are better than proud people” or “a patient attitude is better than a prideful attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 7 9 lb8v figs-metonymy 0 Do not be quick to anger in your spirit Here the word “spirit” refers to a person’s attitude. Alternate translation: “Do not become angry quickly” or “Do not have a bad temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ ECC 7 9 fx66 figs-metaphor 0 anger resides in the hearts of fools This speaks o
ECC 7 10 mu3y figs-rquestion 0 Why were the days of old better than these? The person asks this rhetorical question in order to complain about the present time. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Things were better in the past than they are now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 7 10 r6bl figs-irony 0 it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question Here the author uses irony to rebuke the person’s question. Alternate translation: “if you were wise you would not ask this question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ECC 7 11 w53h figs-idiom 0 those who see the sun This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “those who are alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 7 12 wt8d 0 the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life Possible meanings are 1) that the writer uses the words “knowledge” and “wisdom” to mean the same thing, or 2) “the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life.”
ECC 7 12 wt8d 0 the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life Possible meanings are (1) that the writer uses the words “knowledge” and “wisdom” to mean the same thing, or (2) “the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life.”
ECC 7 12 erb5 figs-personification 0 gives life to whoever has it This speaks of how wisdom helps to preserve a person’s life as if it gave life to that person. When a person is wise he makes good decisions that help him to live a more prosperous and longer life. Alternate translation: “preserves a person’s life” or “helps a person to make good decisions and to live a longer life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ECC 7 13 x6a8 figs-rquestion 0 Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can change something that God has done. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 7 14 iig7 figs-idiom 0 When times are good…when times are bad The word “times” is an idiom for “things happening.” Alternate translation: “When good things happen…when bad things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 7 14 ab9b 0 live happily in that good “be happy about those good things”
ECC 7 14 c4j4 figs-idiom 0 both to exist side by side The phrase “side by side” is an idiom that means “this one” and “this one.” Alternate translation: “both to exist” or “there to be both good and bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 7 14 ey3r 0 anything that is coming after him Possible meanings are 1) “anything that happens in the future” or 2) “anything that happens to him after he dies.”
ECC 7 14 ey3r 0 anything that is coming after him Possible meanings are (1) “anything that happens in the future” or (2) “anything that happens to him after he dies.”
ECC 7 15 q493 0 in my meaningless days “in my meaningless life”
ECC 7 15 vy5k 0 in spite of their righteousness “even though they are righteous”
ECC 7 15 la4s 0 in spite of their evil “even though they are evil”
@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ ECC 7 27 vsz7 figs-abstractnouns 0 adding one discovery to another The word “
ECC 7 27 k9h2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in order to find an explanation of reality This word “explanation” can be expressed as a verb. See how the phrase “explanations of reality” is translated in [Ecclesiastes 7:25](../07/25.md). Alternate translation: “in order to be able to explain things in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 7 28 twu8 translate-numbers 0 one righteous man among a thousand “1 righteous man among 1,000.” Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ECC 7 28 xkw3 0 a woman among all those There were no righteous women found in a group of 1,000 people.
ECC 7 29 dra3 0 they have gone away looking for many difficulties Possible meanings are 1) “they have made many sinful plans” or 2) “they have made their own lives difficult.”
ECC 7 29 dra3 0 they have gone away looking for many difficulties Possible meanings are (1) “they have made many sinful plans” or (2) “they have made their own lives difficult.”
ECC 7 29 e78n figs-metaphor 0 they have gone away Here the word “they” refers to “humanity.” This speaks of humanity changing from being upright to not being upright as if they were going from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 8 intro g2ul 0 # Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:1 and 8:5-8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>
ECC 8 1 sfc8 0 Who is a wise man? Who knows what the events in life mean? The writer asks these as leading questions to provide the answer in what he says next.
@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ ECC 8 1 v1sf figs-idiom 0 causes his face to shine This means that the person
ECC 8 1 e5zq figs-idiom 0 the hardness of his face This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “his harsh appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 8 1 beu2 figs-activepassive 0 is changed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “changes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 8 2 ig6x 0 God’s oath to protect him “the oath you made before God to protect him”
ECC 8 3 jz73 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hurry out of his presence Possible meanings are 1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king’s presence or 2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “Do not abandon the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 8 3 jz73 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hurry out of his presence Possible meanings are (1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king’s presence or (2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “Do not abandon the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 8 4 mc7i 0 The king’s word rules “What the king says is the law”
ECC 8 4 k14s figs-rquestion 0 who will say to him This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one will ask the king the following question. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can say to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 8 4 fn4s figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing what you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ ECC 8 15 n76x figs-idiom 0 for all the days of his life that God has given him
ECC 8 16 q9us figs-synecdoche 0 I applied my heart Here the author refers to himself by his “heart” to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate translation: “I applied myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 8 16 d9sa figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done on the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the work that people do on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 8 16 ct32 figs-synecdoche 0 without sleep for the eyes Here a person is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “without sleeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 8 17 vk1q figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done under the sun Possible meanings are 1) “the work that God does under the sun” or 2) “the work that God allows people to do under the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 8 17 vk1q figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done under the sun Possible meanings are (1) “the work that God does under the sun” or (2) “the work that God allows people to do under the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 8 17 gl2w figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 9 intro j3kr 0 # Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:2, 5-6, and 11-12.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judgment<br>This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
ECC 9 1 hpl4 0 I thought about all this in my mind “I thought very deeply about all this”
@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ ECC 10 14 q1x3 figs-idiom 0 multiplies words This is an idiom. Alternate transl
ECC 10 14 m6dn 0 what is coming “what will happen in the future”
ECC 10 14 y3nu figs-rquestion 0 Who knows what is coming after him? The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen in the future after one’s death. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows what is coming after him.” or “No one knows what will happen after he dies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 10 15 r99g figs-activepassive 0 wearies them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fools become weary by their toil” or “Fools feel tired by the work that they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 10 15 d4gn 0 so that they do not even know the road to town Possible meanings are 1) “so much that he is unable to find the road to town.” That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or 2) “because he does not even know the way to town.” That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home.
ECC 10 15 d4gn 0 so that they do not even know the road to town Possible meanings are (1) “so much that he is unable to find the road to town.” That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or (2) “because he does not even know the way to town.” That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home.
ECC 10 16 uz4d figs-apostrophe 0 Woe to you, land The writer is speaking to the people of the nation as if they were the land itself, and he is speaking to the land as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ECC 10 16 l356 0 if your king is a young boy This means that the king is inexperienced or immature.
ECC 10 16 yph2 figs-explicit 0 begin feasting in the morning This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -470,22 +470,22 @@ ECC 10 18 w4li figs-synecdoche 0 because of idle hands Here a person is represe
ECC 10 18 y794 figs-synecdoche 0 the house leaks Here the roof is represented by the whole house. Alternate translation: “the roof leaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 10 19 e3wh figs-abstractnouns 0 People prepare food for laughter The word “laughter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “People prepare food in order to laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 10 19 jw2q figs-abstractnouns 0 wine brings enjoyment to life The word “enjoyment” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “wine helps people to enjoy life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 10 19 fsx4 0 money fills the need for everything Possible meanings are 1) “money provides for every need” or 2) “money provides for both food and wine”
ECC 10 19 fsx4 0 money fills the need for everything Possible meanings are (1) “money provides for every need” or (2) “money provides for both food and wine”
ECC 10 20 yf3x figs-metonymy 0 not even in your mind A person’s thoughts are represented by the person’s “mind.” Alternate translation: “not even in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 10 20 qbv8 0 rich people in your bedroom “rich people when you are in your bedroom.” This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear.
ECC 10 20 ba7r figs-parallelism 0 For a bird of the sky…can spread the matter These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This speaks of people finding out what you have said as if a small bird would hear what you say and tell other people. Alternate translation: “For a bird may hear what you say and tell the matter to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 11 intro byx8 0 # Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in all of chapter 11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Advice<br>This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as “good ideas.”<br>
ECC 11 1 iuj7 figs-metaphor 0 Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or 2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 11 2 gt4a 0 Share it with seven, even eight people Possible meanings are 1) to share your possessions with many people, or 2) to invest your resources in multiple places.
ECC 11 1 iuj7 figs-metaphor 0 Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or (2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 11 2 gt4a 0 Share it with seven, even eight people Possible meanings are (1) to share your possessions with many people, or (2) to invest your resources in multiple places.
ECC 11 2 qri5 translate-numbers 0 seven, even eight people “7, even 8 people.” This is an idiom that means “numerous” people. Alternate translation: “numerous people” or “multiple people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 11 2 v5ph figs-metaphor 0 what disasters are coming on the earth Disasters happening is spoken of as if disasters were something that come to a place. Here “on the earth” may imply that these disasters happen to the person who is commanded to share. Alternate translation: “what disasters may happen in the world” or “what bad things may happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ECC 11 3 k3vi 0 the clouds are full of rain “the clouds are dark with rain”
ECC 11 3 jz5x 0 empty themselves on the earth “empty themselves on the ground”
ECC 11 3 g5bd figs-merism 0 toward the south or toward the north Here “south” and “north” represent any direction. Alternate translation: “in any direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ECC 11 4 g5q9 0 Anyone who watches the wind might not plant Possible meanings are 1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction” or 2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant”
ECC 11 4 mym3 0 anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest Possible meanings are 1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain” or 2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest”
ECC 11 4 g5q9 0 Anyone who watches the wind might not plant Possible meanings are (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant”
ECC 11 4 mym3 0 anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest Possible meanings are (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest”
ECC 11 5 xta9 figs-metaphor 0 As you do not know the path of the wind This speaks of wind blowing as if wind traveled on a path. Alternate translation: “As you do not know where the wind comes from or where it goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 11 5 gd8z figs-synecdoche 0 how a baby’s bones grow Possible meanings are 1) Here “bones” is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate translation: “how a baby grows” or 2) literally, “how the bones of a baby grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 11 5 gd8z figs-synecdoche 0 how a baby’s bones grow Possible meanings are (1) Here “bones” is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate translation: “how a baby grows” or (2) literally, “how the bones of a baby grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 11 6 ncp6 figs-synecdoche 0 work with your hands Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “keep on working” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 11 6 xq2h figs-doublet 0 whether morning or evening, or this or that These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person’s work may prosper, no matter what time he has done it. Alternate translation: “whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ECC 11 7 n46l figs-metonymy 0 light is sweet Here the word “light” refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. And, this speaks of the joy of being alive as if the light had a sweet taste. Alternate translation: “it is a joy to be able to see the sun” or “being alive is delightful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -493,8 +493,8 @@ ECC 11 7 lv5e figs-synecdoche 0 for the eyes to see the sun The “eyes” repr
ECC 11 8 eh9q 0 happy in all of them Here the word “them” refers to the years that a person is alive.
ECC 11 8 w1un figs-metaphor 0 the coming days of darkness Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming” And, here the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “how many days that he will be dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ECC 11 8 y8hl 0 for they will be many Here the word “they” refers to the “days of darkness” Alternate translation: “for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive” or “for he will be dead forever”
ECC 11 8 yk5j figs-metaphor 0 Everything to come is vanishing vapor Here “vanishing vapor” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “No one knows what will happen after he dies” or 2) Alternate translation: “Everything to come is meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 11 8 fi8k 0 Everything to come Possible meanings are 1) “Everything that happens after death” or 2) “Everything that happens in the future”
ECC 11 8 yk5j figs-metaphor 0 Everything to come is vanishing vapor Here “vanishing vapor” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “No one knows what will happen after he dies” or (2) Alternate translation: “Everything to come is meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 11 8 fi8k 0 Everything to come Possible meanings are (1) “Everything that happens after death” or (2) “Everything that happens in the future”
ECC 11 9 kq46 figs-parallelism 0 Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the man should be happy while he is young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ECC 11 9 h2ec figs-metonymy 0 let your heart be joyful Here the word “heart” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ECC 11 9 vv5u figs-metonymy 0 Pursue the good desires of your heart Here the word “heart” may represent the mind or emotions. Alternate translation: “Pursue the good things that you desire” or “Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ ECC 12 5 jib4 translate-unknown 0 when the almond tree blossoms The “almond t
ECC 12 5 p5ym translate-unknown 0 when grasshoppers drag themselves along A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ECC 12 5 zjw9 figs-abstractnouns 0 when natural desires fail The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when people no longer desire what they once did naturally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ECC 12 5 tea9 figs-euphemism 0 Then man goes to his eternal home This refers to death. Alternate translation: “Then man goes to the place of the dead forever” or “Then a person dies and never returns to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ECC 12 5 m24n 0 the mourners go down the streets Possible meanings are 1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or 2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die.
ECC 12 5 m24n 0 the mourners go down the streets Possible meanings are (1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or (2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die.
ECC 12 6 buj9 figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 12 6 tl6u figs-metaphor 0 before the silver cord is cut…or the water wheel is broken at the well The writer speaks of dying as if it were one of these various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 12 6 e18g figs-activepassive 0 the silver cord is cut This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone cuts the silver cord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
107 ECC 2 23 f3zg figs-idiom 0 his soul does not find rest Here man’s mind is referred to as his “soul” to emphasize his deep thoughts. Alternate translation: “his mind does not rest” or “he continues to worry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
108 ECC 2 24 xa3q figs-metonymy 0 God’s hand Here God is represented by his “hand” to emphasize how he provides for people. Alternate translation: “from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109 ECC 2 25 x4m8 figs-rquestion 0 For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no pleasure can be had without God’s provision. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
110 ECC 2 26 s16q 0 so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God Possible meanings for the word “he” are 1) God or 2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. Alternate translation: “so that the one who pleases God may have it” Possible meanings for the word “he” are (1) God or (2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. Alternate translation: “so that the one who pleases God may have it”
111 ECC 2 26 fs9n figs-parallelism 0 vapor…an attempt to shepherd the wind These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
112 ECC 2 26 v8zn figs-metaphor 0 vapor “mist.” The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were “vapor.” See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113 ECC 2 26 e7hm figs-metaphor 0 an attempt to shepherd the wind The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “are as useless as trying to control the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115 ECC 3 1 q8gz figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer uses merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
116 ECC 3 1 hn82 figs-parallelism 0 For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
117 ECC 3 1 s8am figs-idiom 0 under heaven This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
118 ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants Possible meanings are 1) “a time to harvest” or 2) “a time to uproot.” Possible meanings are (1) “a time to harvest” or (2) “a time to uproot.”
119 ECC 3 4 a5em figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
120 ECC 3 5 yg8l 0 embrace to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship
121 ECC 3 6 az59 figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
153 ECC 4 3 q72x figs-explicit 0 both of them This refers to those who are dead and to those who are alive. Alternate translation: “both those who are dead and those who are living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
154 ECC 4 3 hua5 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
155 ECC 4 4 y7i7 figs-abstractnouns 0 became the envy of one’s neighbor The word “envy” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “made one’s neighbor envious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
156 ECC 4 4 u7wt 0 the envy of one’s neighbor possible meanings are 1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or 2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has. possible meanings are (1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or (2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has.
157 ECC 4 4 e19x figs-parallelism 0 vapor…an attempt to shepherd the wind These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
158 ECC 4 4 u3t7 figs-metaphor 0 vapor “mist.” The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159 ECC 4 4 m36w figs-metaphor 0 an attempt to shepherd the wind The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “are as useless as trying to control the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
208 ECC 5 9 uc5e figs-abstractnouns 0 the produce of the land…produce from the fields The word “produce” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “the food that the land produces…crops from the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
209 ECC 5 10 kh3l figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were mist. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210 ECC 5 11 md9b figs-abstractnouns 0 As prosperity increases The word “prosperity” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “As a person becomes more prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
211 ECC 5 11 xh2w 0 so also do the people who consume it Possible meanings are 1) “so also the person spends more money” or 2) “so also there will be more people who use his wealth.” Possible meanings are (1) “so also the person spends more money” or (2) “so also there will be more people who use his wealth.”
212 ECC 5 11 ncz7 figs-metaphor 0 who consume it This speaks of people spending wealth as if they were “eating” it. Alternate translation: “who use it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213 ECC 5 11 c2dc figs-rquestion 0 What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the wealthy do not benefit from their wealth. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
214 ECC 5 12 d52v figs-metaphor 0 The sleep of a working man is sweet This speaks of a person’s sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. Alternate translation: “The sleep of a working man is peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216 ECC 5 12 u4e4 figs-personification 0 but the wealth of a rich person does not allow him to sleep well “but the wealth of a rich person keeps him awake at night.” This speaks of a rich person not being able to sleep because he is worried about his money as if his money were a person that would not allow him to sleep. Alternate translation: “but rich people do not sleep well because they worry about their money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
217 ECC 5 13 m4vd figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
218 ECC 5 13 j6b2 figs-activepassive 0 riches hoarded by the owner This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an owner hoards riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
219 ECC 5 14 d5n4 0 through bad luck Possible meanings are 1) “through misfortune” or 2) “through a bad business deal.” Possible meanings are (1) “through misfortune” or (2) “through a bad business deal.”
220 ECC 5 14 zb1u figs-metonymy 0 his own son, one whom he has fathered, is left with nothing in his hands Here the phrase “in his hands” represents ownership. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he leaves no possession for his own son” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
221 ECC 5 15 it6k figs-metaphor 0 As a man comes from his mother’s womb…he will leave naked It is implied that a man is naked when he is born. In addition to being without clothing, here the word “naked” emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. Alternate translation: “As a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born…he will leave this life the same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222 ECC 5 15 wl6z 0 comes from his mother’s womb “is born”
224 ECC 5 15 fe51 figs-metonymy 0 He can take none of the fruits of his labor in his hand Here a man’s possessions are spoken of as if they are fruit that he grew with his labor. Alternate translation: “He can not take any of his possessions with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
225 ECC 5 16 qd7u figs-explicit 0 as a person comes, so he goes away This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. Alternate translation: “as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
226 ECC 5 16 h3bb figs-rquestion 0 So what profit is there for him who works for the wind? The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one gets any profit in working for the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
227 ECC 5 16 dl4p figs-metaphor 0 works for the wind Possible meanings are 1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: “tries to shepherd the wind” or “work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind” or 2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: “works to receive the air he breathes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: “tries to shepherd the wind” or “work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind” or (2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: “works to receive the air he breathes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
228 ECC 5 17 x449 figs-metaphor 0 During his days he eats with darkness This speaks of a person mourning throughout his life as if he always ate in darkness. Here “darkness” represents sadness and mourning. Alternate translation: “He spends his life in mourning and sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229 ECC 5 17 rys5 figs-metonymy 0 his days Here a person’s “days” represent his life. Alternate translation: “his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230 ECC 5 17 zw6w figs-abstractnouns 0 is greatly distressed with sickness and anger The words “sickness” and “anger” can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “suffers greatly, being sick and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
232 ECC 5 18 qp65 figs-doublet 0 what I have seen to be good and suitable Here the words “good” and “suitable” mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the meaning of the first. Alternate translation: “what I have seen to be the best thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
233 ECC 5 18 ue88 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
234 ECC 5 18 m281 figs-idiom 0 during the days of this life that God has given us This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as God allows us to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
235 ECC 5 18 ued7 0 For this is man’s assignment Possible meanings are 1) “For this is man’s reward” or 2) “For these are the things that he allows man to do” Possible meanings are (1) “For this is man’s reward” or (2) “For these are the things that he allows man to do”
236 ECC 5 19 n4ka figs-doublet 0 riches and wealth These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
237 ECC 5 19 b3ld 0 to receive his share “to accept what he is given”
238 ECC 5 20 iz9m figs-idiom 0 he does not call to mind Here the word “he” refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he does not remember” or “he does not think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
247 ECC 6 3 qq8e translate-numbers 0 fathers a hundred children “fathers 100 children.” This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration and is applicable to people with fewer than 100 children. Alternate translation: “fathers many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
248 ECC 6 3 z9ls figs-parallelism 0 lives many years, so that the days of his years are many These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “lives many years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
249 ECC 6 3 fun6 figs-synecdoche 0 his heart is not satisfied with good This refers to a man by his “heart” to emphasize his feelings. Alternate translation: “he is not content with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
250 ECC 6 3 qmh2 figs-activepassive 0 he is not buried This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “no one buries him at all” or 2) he receives no honor, “no one buries him properly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “no one buries him at all” or (2) he receives no honor, “no one buries him properly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
251 ECC 6 4 g8un 0 such a baby is born in futility “such a baby is born for nothing”
252 ECC 6 4 tr53 figs-idiom 0 passes away in darkness This speaks of the death of the baby being as unexplainable as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “dies unexplainably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
253 ECC 6 4 xfu5 figs-metaphor 0 its name remains hidden This speaks of no one knowing the baby’s name as if it were a hidden object. Alternate translation: “no one knows its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280 ECC 7 1 fq9e figs-metonymy 0 A good name Here a person’s “name” is used to represent their reputation. Alternate translation: “A good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
281 ECC 7 2 y1yx figs-idiom 0 must take this to heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “must think seriously about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
282 ECC 7 3 g9c7 figs-idiom 0 sadness of face This refers to being sad. Alternate translation: “an experience that makes a person sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
283 ECC 7 3 rsl9 figs-metonymy 0 gladness of heart Here the word “heart” refers to a person’s thoughts and emotions. “Gladness” describes either 1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or 2) the ability to understand the truth. Alternate translation: “right thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the word “heart” refers to a person’s thoughts and emotions. “Gladness” describes either (1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or (2) the ability to understand the truth. Alternate translation: “right thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
284 ECC 7 4 pli9 figs-synecdoche 0 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning Here wise people are referred to by their “hearts.” This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. Alternate translation: “Wise people think deeply about death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
285 ECC 7 4 lly7 figs-synecdoche 0 but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting Here foolish people are referred to by their “hearts.” This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. Alternate translation: “but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286 ECC 7 4 ux5g 0 the house of mourning…the house of feasting These phrases refer to what happens in these places.
289 ECC 7 6 bh8q figs-simile 0 For like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot, so also is the laughter of fools This speaks of how listening to fools talk and laugh will teach you nothing, as if their speech and laughter were the sound of burning thorns. Alternate translation: “For listening to the laughter of fools will not teach a man any more than if he were listening to the crackling of thorns burning under a pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
290 ECC 7 6 im4x figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were mist. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291 ECC 7 7 be8y 0 Extortion This refers to forcing someone to give money or other valuable items to another so that the other person does not harm him. It is considered wrong.
292 ECC 7 7 dt3e 0 makes a wise man foolish Possible meanings are 1) “turns the wise man into a foolish man” or 2) “makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice.” Possible meanings are (1) “turns the wise man into a foolish man” or (2) “makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice.”
293 ECC 7 7 n3hs figs-metonymy 0 corrupts the heart Here the word “heart” refers to the mind. Alternate translation: “ruins a person’s ability to think and judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
294 ECC 7 8 bw3c figs-metonymy 0 the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit Here the word “spirit” refers to a person’s attitude. Alternate translation: “patient people are better than proud people” or “a patient attitude is better than a prideful attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
295 ECC 7 9 lb8v figs-metonymy 0 Do not be quick to anger in your spirit Here the word “spirit” refers to a person’s attitude. Alternate translation: “Do not become angry quickly” or “Do not have a bad temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
297 ECC 7 10 mu3y figs-rquestion 0 Why were the days of old better than these? The person asks this rhetorical question in order to complain about the present time. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Things were better in the past than they are now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
298 ECC 7 10 r6bl figs-irony 0 it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question Here the author uses irony to rebuke the person’s question. Alternate translation: “if you were wise you would not ask this question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
299 ECC 7 11 w53h figs-idiom 0 those who see the sun This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “those who are alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
300 ECC 7 12 wt8d 0 the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life Possible meanings are 1) that the writer uses the words “knowledge” and “wisdom” to mean the same thing, or 2) “the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life.” Possible meanings are (1) that the writer uses the words “knowledge” and “wisdom” to mean the same thing, or (2) “the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life.”
301 ECC 7 12 erb5 figs-personification 0 gives life to whoever has it This speaks of how wisdom helps to preserve a person’s life as if it gave life to that person. When a person is wise he makes good decisions that help him to live a more prosperous and longer life. Alternate translation: “preserves a person’s life” or “helps a person to make good decisions and to live a longer life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
302 ECC 7 13 x6a8 figs-rquestion 0 Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can change something that God has done. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
303 ECC 7 14 iig7 figs-idiom 0 When times are good…when times are bad The word “times” is an idiom for “things happening.” Alternate translation: “When good things happen…when bad things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
304 ECC 7 14 ab9b 0 live happily in that good “be happy about those good things”
305 ECC 7 14 c4j4 figs-idiom 0 both to exist side by side The phrase “side by side” is an idiom that means “this one” and “this one.” Alternate translation: “both to exist” or “there to be both good and bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
306 ECC 7 14 ey3r 0 anything that is coming after him Possible meanings are 1) “anything that happens in the future” or 2) “anything that happens to him after he dies.” Possible meanings are (1) “anything that happens in the future” or (2) “anything that happens to him after he dies.”
307 ECC 7 15 q493 0 in my meaningless days “in my meaningless life”
308 ECC 7 15 vy5k 0 in spite of their righteousness “even though they are righteous”
309 ECC 7 15 la4s 0 in spite of their evil “even though they are evil”
334 ECC 7 27 k9h2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in order to find an explanation of reality This word “explanation” can be expressed as a verb. See how the phrase “explanations of reality” is translated in [Ecclesiastes 7:25](../07/25.md). Alternate translation: “in order to be able to explain things in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
335 ECC 7 28 twu8 translate-numbers 0 one righteous man among a thousand “1 righteous man among 1,000.” Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
336 ECC 7 28 xkw3 0 a woman among all those There were no righteous women found in a group of 1,000 people.
337 ECC 7 29 dra3 0 they have gone away looking for many difficulties Possible meanings are 1) “they have made many sinful plans” or 2) “they have made their own lives difficult.” Possible meanings are (1) “they have made many sinful plans” or (2) “they have made their own lives difficult.”
338 ECC 7 29 e78n figs-metaphor 0 they have gone away Here the word “they” refers to “humanity.” This speaks of humanity changing from being upright to not being upright as if they were going from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
339 ECC 8 intro g2ul 0 # Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:1 and 8:5-8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>
340 ECC 8 1 sfc8 0 Who is a wise man? Who knows what the events in life mean? The writer asks these as leading questions to provide the answer in what he says next.
342 ECC 8 1 e5zq figs-idiom 0 the hardness of his face This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “his harsh appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
343 ECC 8 1 beu2 figs-activepassive 0 is changed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “changes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
344 ECC 8 2 ig6x 0 God’s oath to protect him “the oath you made before God to protect him”
345 ECC 8 3 jz73 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hurry out of his presence Possible meanings are 1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king’s presence or 2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “Do not abandon the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king’s presence or (2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “Do not abandon the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
346 ECC 8 4 mc7i 0 The king’s word rules “What the king says is the law”
347 ECC 8 4 k14s figs-rquestion 0 who will say to him This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one will ask the king the following question. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can say to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
348 ECC 8 4 fn4s figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing what you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
375 ECC 8 16 q9us figs-synecdoche 0 I applied my heart Here the author refers to himself by his “heart” to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate translation: “I applied myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
376 ECC 8 16 d9sa figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done on the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the work that people do on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
377 ECC 8 16 ct32 figs-synecdoche 0 without sleep for the eyes Here a person is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “without sleeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
378 ECC 8 17 vk1q figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done under the sun Possible meanings are 1) “the work that God does under the sun” or 2) “the work that God allows people to do under the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) “the work that God does under the sun” or (2) “the work that God allows people to do under the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
379 ECC 8 17 gl2w figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
380 ECC 9 intro j3kr 0 # Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:2, 5-6, and 11-12.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judgment<br>This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
381 ECC 9 1 hpl4 0 I thought about all this in my mind “I thought very deeply about all this”
458 ECC 10 14 m6dn 0 what is coming “what will happen in the future”
459 ECC 10 14 y3nu figs-rquestion 0 Who knows what is coming after him? The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen in the future after one’s death. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows what is coming after him.” or “No one knows what will happen after he dies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
460 ECC 10 15 r99g figs-activepassive 0 wearies them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fools become weary by their toil” or “Fools feel tired by the work that they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
461 ECC 10 15 d4gn 0 so that they do not even know the road to town Possible meanings are 1) “so much that he is unable to find the road to town.” That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or 2) “because he does not even know the way to town.” That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. Possible meanings are (1) “so much that he is unable to find the road to town.” That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or (2) “because he does not even know the way to town.” That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home.
462 ECC 10 16 uz4d figs-apostrophe 0 Woe to you, land The writer is speaking to the people of the nation as if they were the land itself, and he is speaking to the land as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
463 ECC 10 16 l356 0 if your king is a young boy This means that the king is inexperienced or immature.
464 ECC 10 16 yph2 figs-explicit 0 begin feasting in the morning This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
470 ECC 10 18 y794 figs-synecdoche 0 the house leaks Here the roof is represented by the whole house. Alternate translation: “the roof leaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
471 ECC 10 19 e3wh figs-abstractnouns 0 People prepare food for laughter The word “laughter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “People prepare food in order to laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
472 ECC 10 19 jw2q figs-abstractnouns 0 wine brings enjoyment to life The word “enjoyment” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “wine helps people to enjoy life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
473 ECC 10 19 fsx4 0 money fills the need for everything Possible meanings are 1) “money provides for every need” or 2) “money provides for both food and wine” Possible meanings are (1) “money provides for every need” or (2) “money provides for both food and wine”
474 ECC 10 20 yf3x figs-metonymy 0 not even in your mind A person’s thoughts are represented by the person’s “mind.” Alternate translation: “not even in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
475 ECC 10 20 qbv8 0 rich people in your bedroom “rich people when you are in your bedroom.” This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear.
476 ECC 10 20 ba7r figs-parallelism 0 For a bird of the sky…can spread the matter These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This speaks of people finding out what you have said as if a small bird would hear what you say and tell other people. Alternate translation: “For a bird may hear what you say and tell the matter to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
477 ECC 11 intro byx8 0 # Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in all of chapter 11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Advice<br>This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as “good ideas.”<br>
478 ECC 11 1 iuj7 figs-metaphor 0 Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or 2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or (2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
479 ECC 11 2 gt4a 0 Share it with seven, even eight people Possible meanings are 1) to share your possessions with many people, or 2) to invest your resources in multiple places. Possible meanings are (1) to share your possessions with many people, or (2) to invest your resources in multiple places.
480 ECC 11 2 qri5 translate-numbers 0 seven, even eight people “7, even 8 people.” This is an idiom that means “numerous” people. Alternate translation: “numerous people” or “multiple people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
481 ECC 11 2 v5ph figs-metaphor 0 what disasters are coming on the earth Disasters happening is spoken of as if disasters were something that come to a place. Here “on the earth” may imply that these disasters happen to the person who is commanded to share. Alternate translation: “what disasters may happen in the world” or “what bad things may happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
482 ECC 11 3 k3vi 0 the clouds are full of rain “the clouds are dark with rain”
483 ECC 11 3 jz5x 0 empty themselves on the earth “empty themselves on the ground”
484 ECC 11 3 g5bd figs-merism 0 toward the south or toward the north Here “south” and “north” represent any direction. Alternate translation: “in any direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
485 ECC 11 4 g5q9 0 Anyone who watches the wind might not plant Possible meanings are 1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction” or 2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant” Possible meanings are (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant”
486 ECC 11 4 mym3 0 anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest Possible meanings are 1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain” or 2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest” Possible meanings are (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest”
487 ECC 11 5 xta9 figs-metaphor 0 As you do not know the path of the wind This speaks of wind blowing as if wind traveled on a path. Alternate translation: “As you do not know where the wind comes from or where it goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488 ECC 11 5 gd8z figs-synecdoche 0 how a baby’s bones grow Possible meanings are 1) Here “bones” is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate translation: “how a baby grows” or 2) literally, “how the bones of a baby grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are (1) Here “bones” is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate translation: “how a baby grows” or (2) literally, “how the bones of a baby grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
489 ECC 11 6 ncp6 figs-synecdoche 0 work with your hands Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “keep on working” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
490 ECC 11 6 xq2h figs-doublet 0 whether morning or evening, or this or that These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person’s work may prosper, no matter what time he has done it. Alternate translation: “whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
491 ECC 11 7 n46l figs-metonymy 0 light is sweet Here the word “light” refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. And, this speaks of the joy of being alive as if the light had a sweet taste. Alternate translation: “it is a joy to be able to see the sun” or “being alive is delightful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
493 ECC 11 8 eh9q 0 happy in all of them Here the word “them” refers to the years that a person is alive.
494 ECC 11 8 w1un figs-metaphor 0 the coming days of darkness Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming” And, here the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “how many days that he will be dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
495 ECC 11 8 y8hl 0 for they will be many Here the word “they” refers to the “days of darkness” Alternate translation: “for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive” or “for he will be dead forever”
496 ECC 11 8 yk5j figs-metaphor 0 Everything to come is vanishing vapor Here “vanishing vapor” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “No one knows what will happen after he dies” or 2) Alternate translation: “Everything to come is meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here “vanishing vapor” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “No one knows what will happen after he dies” or (2) Alternate translation: “Everything to come is meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
497 ECC 11 8 fi8k 0 Everything to come Possible meanings are 1) “Everything that happens after death” or 2) “Everything that happens in the future” Possible meanings are (1) “Everything that happens after death” or (2) “Everything that happens in the future”
498 ECC 11 9 kq46 figs-parallelism 0 Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the man should be happy while he is young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
499 ECC 11 9 h2ec figs-metonymy 0 let your heart be joyful Here the word “heart” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
500 ECC 11 9 vv5u figs-metonymy 0 Pursue the good desires of your heart Here the word “heart” may represent the mind or emotions. Alternate translation: “Pursue the good things that you desire” or “Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
519 ECC 12 5 p5ym translate-unknown 0 when grasshoppers drag themselves along A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
520 ECC 12 5 zjw9 figs-abstractnouns 0 when natural desires fail The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when people no longer desire what they once did naturally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
521 ECC 12 5 tea9 figs-euphemism 0 Then man goes to his eternal home This refers to death. Alternate translation: “Then man goes to the place of the dead forever” or “Then a person dies and never returns to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
522 ECC 12 5 m24n 0 the mourners go down the streets Possible meanings are 1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or 2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die. Possible meanings are (1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or (2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die.
523 ECC 12 6 buj9 figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
524 ECC 12 6 tl6u figs-metaphor 0 before the silver cord is cut…or the water wheel is broken at the well The writer speaks of dying as if it were one of these various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
525 ECC 12 6 e18g figs-activepassive 0 the silver cord is cut This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone cuts the silver cord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

50
en_tn_22-SNG.tsv
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SNG 1 2 j5xq 0 General Information: The first part of the book begins with thi
SNG 1 2 nze7 0 your love is better than wine “I enjoy having you near me more than I enjoy drinking wine”
SNG 1 3 si36 0 Your anointing oils “The oils that you put on your body”
SNG 1 3 d9r7 0 have a delightful fragrance “smell wonderful”
SNG 1 3 z9t3 figs-simile 0 your name is like flowing perfume Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for 1) the person’s reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or 2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 1 3 z9t3 figs-simile 0 your name is like flowing perfume Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for (1) the person’s reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or (2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 1 4 v83t figs-you 0 with you “The word “you” refers to the man and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
SNG 1 4 gec8 figs-metaphor 0 Take “Pull” or “Drag.” Here the woman described as being like a captive who is willing to follow her captor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 1 4 ty2p figs-inclusive 0 we will run The word “we” refers to the young woman together with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ SNG 1 9 v2yv 0 General Information: The man continues speaking to the woman.
SNG 1 9 gw76 figs-simile 0 I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh’s horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. Alternate translation: “My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 1 9 l3q7 0 my love “you whom I love”
SNG 1 9 zyj5 0 Pharaoh’s chariot horses “the horses that pull Pharaoh’s chariots”
SNG 1 10 u7h9 figs-metaphor 0 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments These ornaments could be 1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or 2) earrings or 3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 1 10 u7h9 figs-metaphor 0 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments These ornaments could be (1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or (2) earrings or (3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 1 11 dza7 figs-pronouns 0 We will make The man speaks as if he were many people. Some versions change this to singular “I.” Other versions take these to be the words of the woman’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
SNG 1 11 bp6l 0 with silver studs “with spots of silver”
SNG 1 12 zt7d 0 lay on his couch “sat eating his special meal.” This probably refers to one of the couches on which people would lie around a table at a banquet. You could translate using the common word for what people do with their bodies when they eat special meals.
@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ SNG 1 14 zh75 figs-simile 0 My beloved is to me like a cluster of henna flowers
SNG 1 14 a6jk 0 henna flowers flowers from a small desert tree that people used as a perfume
SNG 1 15 x2d5 0 Listen, you “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: you”
SNG 1 15 m114 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](./09.md)
SNG 1 15 fb4x figs-metonymy 0 your eyes are doves Possible meaning are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman’s eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. Alternate translation: “you are very gentle” or 2) the man is speaking of the woman’s white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 1 15 fb4x figs-metonymy 0 your eyes are doves Possible meaning are (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman’s eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. Alternate translation: “you are very gentle” or (2) the man is speaking of the woman’s white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 1 16 sbi4 0 Listen, you “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: you”
SNG 1 16 km29 0 handsome Use the word in your language that describes a good-looking man.
SNG 1 16 x3pr 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
SNG 1 16 q43e figs-metaphor 0 lush plants are our bed This speaks of the lush plants as if they were a bed. Alternate translation: “lush plants are what we lie down on to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 1 16 xed8 0 The lush plants plants that are green, moist, and grow abundantly
SNG 1 17 v14z figs-metaphor 0 The beams of our house are cedars; our rafters are firs The woman describes the forest as though it were a house in which they were lying down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 1 17 q6r8 0 beams…rafters Possible meanings are 1) “beams” refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and “rafters” refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or 2) “beams” refers to the rafters and “rafters” refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials.
SNG 1 17 q6r8 0 beams…rafters Possible meanings are (1) “beams” refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and “rafters” refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or (2) “beams” refers to the rafters and “rafters” refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials.
SNG 1 17 c3e5 translate-unknown 0 cedars…firs Cedars were large and strong trees. The word translated “firs” is a general term for trees like cedars but smaller. If cedar and fir trees are unknown in your area, you could use general terms for the tallest and strongest trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
SNG 2 intro u8uv 0 # Song of Songs 02 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman’s beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Euphemisms<br>It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
SNG 2 1 bw25 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ SNG 2 3 wf4u 0 the forest The Hebrew word here refers to land where trees grow
SNG 2 3 q7kl 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
SNG 2 3 pii3 figs-metaphor 0 I sit down under his shadow with great delight The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 3 b5ai figs-metaphor 0 his fruit is sweet to my taste The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 4 ift6 0 the house of wine Possible meanings are 1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or 2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together.
SNG 2 4 rp8q figs-metonymy 0 his banner over me was love Possible meanings are 1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or 2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or 3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 4 ift6 0 the house of wine Possible meanings are (1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or (2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together.
SNG 2 4 rp8q figs-metonymy 0 his banner over me was love Possible meanings are (1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or (2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or (3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 5 uxb2 0 Revive me “Return my strength” or “Give me energy”
SNG 2 5 khc1 0 with raisin cakes “by giving me raisin cakes to eat.” Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together.
SNG 2 5 gs2a 0 refresh me with apricots “support me by giving me apricots” or “help me by giving me apricots”
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ SNG 2 7 w94r 0 of the fields “that live in the countryside.” This was land
SNG 2 7 ekc3 figs-personification 0 will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases Here “love” is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. Alternate translation: “will not disturb us until we have finished making love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 7 fz3j figs-doublet 0 will not awaken or arouse If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “will not awaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
SNG 2 8 aay2 0 General Information: The second part of the book begins here. It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem.
SNG 2 8 j2nl 0 Listen Possible meanings are 1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or 2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.”
SNG 2 8 j2nl 0 Listen Possible meanings are (1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or (2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.”
SNG 2 8 rn51 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
SNG 2 8 dm9e 0 leaping…jumping The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening.
SNG 2 8 fr67 figs-metaphor 0 leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills “leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills.” The woman speaks of the man as if he were “a gazelle or a young stag” (verse 9) coming quickly toward her over rough ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ SNG 2 14 afg5 0 the mountain crags “the steep rocks on the sides of the moun
SNG 2 14 bhl6 0 your face Some versions translate this as “your appearance” or “your form” or “what you look like.”
SNG 2 15 pu8l figs-you 0 Catch This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
SNG 2 15 xns5 figs-metaphor 0 the foxes These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 15 v31m figs-exclusive 0 for us…our vineyard The words “us” and “our” could possibly be 1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or 2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or 3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
SNG 2 15 v31m figs-exclusive 0 for us…our vineyard The words “us” and “our” could possibly be (1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or (2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or (3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
SNG 2 15 dac9 0 foxes Another possible meaning is “jackals.” A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs.
SNG 2 15 wl95 figs-metaphor 0 the little foxes that spoil Foxes spoil or destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could be a metaphor for young men who spoil young women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 2 15 r16k figs-metaphor 0 in blossom This implies that the vineyard is healthy and the grapes have appeared, but they are not ready for harvest. This could be a metaphor for a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ SNG 3 10 f5mj writing-background 0 The description of the bed itself that bega
SNG 3 10 w2at 0 Its posts The word “its” refers to King Solomon’s sedan chair.
SNG 3 10 xnj4 0 posts The word “posts” here refers to pieces either made of silver or made of wood covered with silver that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair.
SNG 3 10 rr69 0 Its interior was “The inside of it was”
SNG 3 10 apj8 0 with love Possible meanings are 1) “with love,” indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or 2) “with leather.”
SNG 3 10 apj8 0 with love Possible meanings are (1) “with love,” indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or (2) “with leather.”
SNG 3 11 i961 0 daughters of Zion “you young women who live in Zion”
SNG 3 11 sj76 0 gaze on King Solomon “look at King Solomon.” The word “gaze” refers to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with strong emotional feeling.
SNG 3 11 tf1d 0 bearing the crown “wearing the crown”
@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ SNG 4 8 m2km translate-names 0 Amana the name of a mountain north of Israel (Se
SNG 4 8 ir9l translate-names 0 Senir the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
SNG 4 8 ybd2 0 dens places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground
SNG 4 9 v3al 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman.
SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart Possible meanings of this idiom are 1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or 2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart Possible meanings of this idiom are (1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or (2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 9 vdf7 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 9 k4ah 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:8](./08.md).
SNG 4 9 d83s 0 heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel “heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel.” Both the woman’s eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her.
@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ SNG 4 10 td9x 0 How much better is your love than wine “Your love is much be
SNG 4 10 ts8k figs-ellipsis 0 the fragrance of your perfume than any spice The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “how much better is the fragrance of your perfume than the fragrance of any spice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
SNG 4 10 wzb4 0 fragrance…perfume See how you translated these words in [Song of Songs 1:3](../01/01.md).
SNG 4 10 r5ni 0 spice dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste
SNG 4 11 fw88 figs-metaphor 0 Your lips…drip honey Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or 2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or 2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 11 fw88 figs-metaphor 0 Your lips…drip honey Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 11 nyc9 0 the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon “the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon.” Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh.
SNG 4 12 sks3 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 12 whp4 figs-idiom 0 My sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md). Alternate translation: “My dear” or “My darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -286,10 +286,10 @@ SNG 5 1 psq4 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married o
SNG 5 1 lgr1 figs-metaphor 0 myrrh…spice…honeycomb…honey…wine…milk These are all metaphors for the man enjoying the woman’s body ([Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md), [Song of Songs 2:4](../02/03.md), [Song of Songs 4:11](../04/10.md), and [Song of Songs 4:14](../04/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 1 sq9d 0 spice plants that have a strong smell or taste
SNG 5 1 i16q figs-metaphor 0 Eat…drink…be drunk with love Eating and drinking are metaphors for making love. Alternate translation: “Make love…make love…make love until you are fully satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 2 a7v6 figs-euphemism 0 General Information: The fourth part of the book begins here. The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 2 a7v6 figs-euphemism 0 General Information: The fourth part of the book begins here. The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: (1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and (2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 2 biy3 figs-idiom 0 but my heart was awake The heart is the center of thought and feeling. Alternate translation: “but I could think clearly” or “but I knew what I was feeling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 5 2 tk43 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
SNG 5 2 qjv8 figs-explicit 0 Open to me Possible meanings are 1) literal, “Open the door for me,” or 2) metaphorical, “Let me make love to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 2 qjv8 figs-explicit 0 Open to me Possible meanings are (1) literal, “Open the door for me,” or (2) metaphorical, “Let me make love to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 2 rx38 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 5 2 d52k 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md).
SNG 5 2 c27j 0 my dove See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:14](../02/14.md).
@ -301,10 +301,10 @@ SNG 5 3 am4r 0 robe thin linen clothing that people wore on their skin
SNG 5 3 g6z2 figs-rquestion 0 must I put it on again? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to put it on again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
SNG 5 3 r5cm figs-euphemism 0 I have washed my feet While the word “feet” can be a euphemism for private parts, this probably refers to literal feet. The woman seems more likely to want to make love than to want to refrain from lovemaking because she has just bathed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 3 h4w3 0 must I get them dirty? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to get them dirty.”
SNG 5 4 w3ff figs-euphemism 0 My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch Possible interpretations are 1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or 2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 4 w3ff figs-euphemism 0 My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch Possible interpretations are (1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or (2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 4 hqn5 0 My beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “My dear one” or “My lover”
SNG 5 4 nns1 0 door latch “door lock”
SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved Possible meanings are 1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or 2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved Possible meanings are (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 5 q3qx figs-euphemism 0 my hands…my fingers…door handle While these may be euphemisms for the woman’s and man’s bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 5 ycr1 0 with moist myrrh “with liquid myrrh”
SNG 5 6 vgj4 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe her dream.
@ -334,10 +334,10 @@ SNG 5 10 hms2 figs-metaphor 0 outstanding among ten thousand “the best of 10,
SNG 5 11 s23z figs-metaphor 0 His head is the purest gold The man’s head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 11 m1w4 figs-simile 0 a raven a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 12 pn5r 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or 2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or (2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 5 12 knr8 figs-metaphor 0 doves beside streams of water Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 12 xp2d 0 streams of water “gently flowing water”
SNG 5 12 tr46 figs-metaphor 0 bathed in milk Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: “doves that are white like milk” or 2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 12 tr46 figs-metaphor 0 bathed in milk Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: (1) “doves that are white like milk” or (2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 12 qe85 figs-simile 0 mounted like jewels His eyes are beautiful. Jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place are beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 13 p7dj 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 13 ip4j figs-simile 0 His cheeks…aromatic scents This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -350,13 +350,13 @@ SNG 5 14 hq44 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the
SNG 5 14 nl6y figs-metaphor 0 His arms are rounded gold set with jewels “His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them.” The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part ([Song of Songs 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 14 bg51 figs-metaphor 0 his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires “his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it.” The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 14 k5ga 0 ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art.
SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either 1) blue or 2) clear and either blue or golden
SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either (1) blue or (2) clear and either blue or golden
SNG 5 15 c8k3 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 15 i1xz figs-metaphor 0 His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 15 juu1 0 marble a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth
SNG 5 15 z75c figs-simile 0 his appearance is like Lebanon “he looks like Lebanon.” Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 16 jk4b 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either 1) the man’s sweet kisses or 2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either (1) the man’s sweet kisses or (2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 5 16 w3vr 0 he is completely lovely “every part of him is lovely” or “all of him is lovely”
SNG 5 16 pi1a 0 This is my beloved, and this is my friend The word “This” refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. Alternate translation: “That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like”
SNG 5 16 zd7b 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
@ -410,11 +410,11 @@ SNG 6 11 qw4q 0 had budded “had grown their buds.” Buds are the small roun
SNG 6 11 w8xh 0 were in bloom “were opening their flowers”
SNG 6 12 lt9y figs-simile 0 I was so happy that I felt I was riding in the chariot of a prince The man uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 6 13 u681 0 General Information: This is 7:1, the first verse of chapter seven, in some versions. The ULT understands this to be the friends and the woman talking to each other. Some versions understand this to be the man speaking to the woman.
SNG 6 13 sm5j figs-pronouns 0 Turn back…gaze on you Possible interpretations are 1) the friends are speaking to the woman or 2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
SNG 6 13 sm5j figs-pronouns 0 Turn back…gaze on you Possible interpretations are (1) the friends are speaking to the woman or (2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
SNG 6 13 x9hk 0 Turn back, turn back “Come back, come back.” This is repeated for emphasis.
SNG 6 13 za54 figs-pronouns 0 we may gaze Some versions understand the plural to refer to the man speaking of himself. Alternate translation: “I may gaze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
SNG 6 13 c258 0 gaze look intently for a long time
SNG 6 13 e2bm figs-pronouns 0 Why do you gaze on the perfect woman…armies Possible interpretations are 1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or 2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
SNG 6 13 e2bm figs-pronouns 0 Why do you gaze on the perfect woman…armies Possible interpretations are (1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or (2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
SNG 6 13 iqb9 0 as if on the dance between two armies “as if she were dancing between two armies”
SNG 7 intro hqv7 0 # Song of Songs 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Beauty<br>The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Similes<br>There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
SNG 7 1 z7jk 0 General Information: This is 7:2, the second verse of chapter seven, in some versions.
@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ SNG 7 4 a4vg figs-simile 0 nose is like the tower in Lebanon A tower is tall an
SNG 7 4 s23k figs-metonymy 0 that looks toward Damascus The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. Alternate translation: “that allows people to look toward Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 7 5 a7bt 0 General Information: The man continues to describe the woman.
SNG 7 5 jn22 figs-simile 0 Your head is on you like Carmel Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman’s head more than at anything else. Alternate translation: “Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are 1) “dark black” or 2) “dark red.”
SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are (1) “dark black” or (2) “dark red.”
SNG 7 5 hkk7 figs-metaphor 0 The king is held captive by its tresses This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
SNG 7 5 l5e5 0 tresses the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman’s head
SNG 7 6 hqx3 0 my love, with delights “my love. You delight me”
@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ SNG 8 5 zfa2 0 the apricot tree a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that
SNG 8 5 g9tp 0 there under the apricot tree
SNG 8 5 d4ub 0 she delivered you “she bore you”
SNG 8 6 y4fz 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm Possible meanings are 1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or 2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm Possible meanings are (1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or (2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 yzj4 figs-simile 0 for love is as strong as death Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 tci8 figs-simile 0 as unrelenting as Sheol “as tough as Sheol.” Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 fvz9 figs-metaphor 0 its flames burst out…any other fire Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ SNG 8 10 mc78 figs-simile 0 my breasts are now like fortress towers Fortress to
SNG 8 10 rll2 figs-metonymy 0 I am in his eyes as one Here eyes are a metonym for judgment or value. Alternate translation: “I am in his judgment as one” or “he thinks of me as one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 8 10 b5uu figs-explicit 0 brings peace You may need to make explicit to whom the woman brings peace. Alternate translation: “brings him peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
SNG 8 10 hi47 0 peace “well-being”
SNG 8 11 tt74 0 General Information: Possible interpretations: 1) The woman contrasts the way she wants to give herself to the man, who will give her his love, to the way Solomon leases out his vineyard to those who will give him money. 2) The man contrasts the woman, whom he will not give to another man, to Solomon’s vineyard, which he gave to other men.
SNG 8 11 tt74 0 General Information: Possible interpretations: (1) The woman contrasts the way she wants to give herself to the man, who will give her his love, to the way Solomon leases out his vineyard to those who will give him money. (2) The man contrasts the woman, whom he will not give to another man, to Solomon’s vineyard, which he gave to other men.
SNG 8 11 x2c3 translate-names 0 Baal Hamon This is the name of a town in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
SNG 8 11 mz3u 0 gave the vineyard leased, agreed to let other people pay him so they could grow grapes in the vineyard
SNG 8 11 b1b3 0 to those who would maintain it “to people who would take care of it”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
8 SNG 1 2 nze7 0 your love is better than wine “I enjoy having you near me more than I enjoy drinking wine”
9 SNG 1 3 si36 0 Your anointing oils “The oils that you put on your body”
10 SNG 1 3 d9r7 0 have a delightful fragrance “smell wonderful”
11 SNG 1 3 z9t3 figs-simile 0 your name is like flowing perfume Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for 1) the person’s reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or 2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for (1) the person’s reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or (2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12 SNG 1 4 v83t figs-you 0 with you “The word “you” refers to the man and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13 SNG 1 4 gec8 figs-metaphor 0 Take “Pull” or “Drag.” Here the woman described as being like a captive who is willing to follow her captor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14 SNG 1 4 ty2p figs-inclusive 0 we will run The word “we” refers to the young woman together with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
37 SNG 1 9 gw76 figs-simile 0 I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh’s horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. Alternate translation: “My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
38 SNG 1 9 l3q7 0 my love “you whom I love”
39 SNG 1 9 zyj5 0 Pharaoh’s chariot horses “the horses that pull Pharaoh’s chariots”
40 SNG 1 10 u7h9 figs-metaphor 0 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments These ornaments could be 1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or 2) earrings or 3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) These ornaments could be (1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or (2) earrings or (3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41 SNG 1 11 dza7 figs-pronouns 0 We will make The man speaks as if he were many people. Some versions change this to singular “I.” Other versions take these to be the words of the woman’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
42 SNG 1 11 bp6l 0 with silver studs “with spots of silver”
43 SNG 1 12 zt7d 0 lay on his couch “sat eating his special meal.” This probably refers to one of the couches on which people would lie around a table at a banquet. You could translate using the common word for what people do with their bodies when they eat special meals.
50 SNG 1 14 a6jk 0 henna flowers flowers from a small desert tree that people used as a perfume
51 SNG 1 15 x2d5 0 Listen, you “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: you”
52 SNG 1 15 m114 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](./09.md)
53 SNG 1 15 fb4x figs-metonymy 0 your eyes are doves Possible meaning are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman’s eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. Alternate translation: “you are very gentle” or 2) the man is speaking of the woman’s white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meaning are (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman’s eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. Alternate translation: “you are very gentle” or (2) the man is speaking of the woman’s white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
54 SNG 1 16 sbi4 0 Listen, you “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: you”
55 SNG 1 16 km29 0 handsome Use the word in your language that describes a good-looking man.
56 SNG 1 16 x3pr 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
57 SNG 1 16 q43e figs-metaphor 0 lush plants are our bed This speaks of the lush plants as if they were a bed. Alternate translation: “lush plants are what we lie down on to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58 SNG 1 16 xed8 0 The lush plants plants that are green, moist, and grow abundantly
59 SNG 1 17 v14z figs-metaphor 0 The beams of our house are cedars; our rafters are firs The woman describes the forest as though it were a house in which they were lying down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 SNG 1 17 q6r8 0 beams…rafters Possible meanings are 1) “beams” refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and “rafters” refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or 2) “beams” refers to the rafters and “rafters” refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials. Possible meanings are (1) “beams” refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and “rafters” refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or (2) “beams” refers to the rafters and “rafters” refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials.
61 SNG 1 17 c3e5 translate-unknown 0 cedars…firs Cedars were large and strong trees. The word translated “firs” is a general term for trees like cedars but smaller. If cedar and fir trees are unknown in your area, you could use general terms for the tallest and strongest trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
62 SNG 2 intro u8uv 0 # Song of Songs 02 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman’s beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Euphemisms<br>It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
63 SNG 2 1 bw25 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
75 SNG 2 3 q7kl 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
76 SNG 2 3 pii3 figs-metaphor 0 I sit down under his shadow with great delight The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77 SNG 2 3 b5ai figs-metaphor 0 his fruit is sweet to my taste The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78 SNG 2 4 ift6 0 the house of wine Possible meanings are 1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or 2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together. Possible meanings are (1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or (2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together.
79 SNG 2 4 rp8q figs-metonymy 0 his banner over me was love Possible meanings are 1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or 2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or 3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or (2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or (3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80 SNG 2 5 uxb2 0 Revive me “Return my strength” or “Give me energy”
81 SNG 2 5 khc1 0 with raisin cakes “by giving me raisin cakes to eat.” Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together.
82 SNG 2 5 gs2a 0 refresh me with apricots “support me by giving me apricots” or “help me by giving me apricots”
91 SNG 2 7 ekc3 figs-personification 0 will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases Here “love” is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. Alternate translation: “will not disturb us until we have finished making love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92 SNG 2 7 fz3j figs-doublet 0 will not awaken or arouse If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “will not awaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
93 SNG 2 8 aay2 0 General Information: The second part of the book begins here. It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem.
94 SNG 2 8 j2nl 0 Listen Possible meanings are 1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or 2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.” Possible meanings are (1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or (2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.”
95 SNG 2 8 rn51 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
96 SNG 2 8 dm9e 0 leaping…jumping The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening.
97 SNG 2 8 fr67 figs-metaphor 0 leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills “leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills.” The woman speaks of the man as if he were “a gazelle or a young stag” (verse 9) coming quickly toward her over rough ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129 SNG 2 14 bhl6 0 your face Some versions translate this as “your appearance” or “your form” or “what you look like.”
130 SNG 2 15 pu8l figs-you 0 Catch This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
131 SNG 2 15 xns5 figs-metaphor 0 the foxes These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132 SNG 2 15 v31m figs-exclusive 0 for us…our vineyard The words “us” and “our” could possibly be 1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or 2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or 3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) The words “us” and “our” could possibly be (1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or (2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or (3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
133 SNG 2 15 dac9 0 foxes Another possible meaning is “jackals.” A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs.
134 SNG 2 15 wl95 figs-metaphor 0 the little foxes that spoil Foxes spoil or destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could be a metaphor for young men who spoil young women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135 SNG 2 15 r16k figs-metaphor 0 in blossom This implies that the vineyard is healthy and the grapes have appeared, but they are not ready for harvest. This could be a metaphor for a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
184 SNG 3 10 w2at 0 Its posts The word “its” refers to King Solomon’s sedan chair.
185 SNG 3 10 xnj4 0 posts The word “posts” here refers to pieces either made of silver or made of wood covered with silver that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair.
186 SNG 3 10 rr69 0 Its interior was “The inside of it was”
187 SNG 3 10 apj8 0 with love Possible meanings are 1) “with love,” indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or 2) “with leather.” Possible meanings are (1) “with love,” indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or (2) “with leather.”
188 SNG 3 11 i961 0 daughters of Zion “you young women who live in Zion”
189 SNG 3 11 sj76 0 gaze on King Solomon “look at King Solomon.” The word “gaze” refers to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with strong emotional feeling.
190 SNG 3 11 tf1d 0 bearing the crown “wearing the crown”
234 SNG 4 8 ir9l translate-names 0 Senir the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
235 SNG 4 8 ybd2 0 dens places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground
236 SNG 4 9 v3al 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman.
237 SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart Possible meanings of this idiom are 1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or 2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings of this idiom are (1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or (2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
238 SNG 4 9 vdf7 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
239 SNG 4 9 k4ah 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:8](./08.md).
240 SNG 4 9 d83s 0 heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel “heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel.” Both the woman’s eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her.
247 SNG 4 10 ts8k figs-ellipsis 0 the fragrance of your perfume than any spice The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “how much better is the fragrance of your perfume than the fragrance of any spice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
248 SNG 4 10 wzb4 0 fragrance…perfume See how you translated these words in [Song of Songs 1:3](../01/01.md).
249 SNG 4 10 r5ni 0 spice dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste
250 SNG 4 11 fw88 figs-metaphor 0 Your lips…drip honey Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or 2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251 SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for 1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or 2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 SNG 4 11 nyc9 0 the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon “the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon.” Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh.
253 SNG 4 12 sks3 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
254 SNG 4 12 whp4 figs-idiom 0 My sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md). Alternate translation: “My dear” or “My darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
286 SNG 5 1 lgr1 figs-metaphor 0 myrrh…spice…honeycomb…honey…wine…milk These are all metaphors for the man enjoying the woman’s body ([Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md), [Song of Songs 2:4](../02/03.md), [Song of Songs 4:11](../04/10.md), and [Song of Songs 4:14](../04/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287 SNG 5 1 sq9d 0 spice plants that have a strong smell or taste
288 SNG 5 1 i16q figs-metaphor 0 Eat…drink…be drunk with love Eating and drinking are metaphors for making love. Alternate translation: “Make love…make love…make love until you are fully satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
289 SNG 5 2 a7v6 figs-euphemism 0 General Information: The fourth part of the book begins here. The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: 1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and 2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) The fourth part of the book begins here. The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: (1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and (2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
290 SNG 5 2 biy3 figs-idiom 0 but my heart was awake The heart is the center of thought and feeling. Alternate translation: “but I could think clearly” or “but I knew what I was feeling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
291 SNG 5 2 tk43 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
292 SNG 5 2 qjv8 figs-explicit 0 Open to me Possible meanings are 1) literal, “Open the door for me,” or 2) metaphorical, “Let me make love to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) literal, “Open the door for me,” or (2) metaphorical, “Let me make love to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
293 SNG 5 2 rx38 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
294 SNG 5 2 d52k 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md).
295 SNG 5 2 c27j 0 my dove See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:14](../02/14.md).
301 SNG 5 3 g6z2 figs-rquestion 0 must I put it on again? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to put it on again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
302 SNG 5 3 r5cm figs-euphemism 0 I have washed my feet While the word “feet” can be a euphemism for private parts, this probably refers to literal feet. The woman seems more likely to want to make love than to want to refrain from lovemaking because she has just bathed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
303 SNG 5 3 h4w3 0 must I get them dirty? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to get them dirty.”
304 SNG 5 4 w3ff figs-euphemism 0 My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch Possible interpretations are 1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or 2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) Possible interpretations are (1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or (2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
305 SNG 5 4 hqn5 0 My beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “My dear one” or “My lover”
306 SNG 5 4 nns1 0 door latch “door lock”
307 SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved Possible meanings are 1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or 2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
308 SNG 5 5 q3qx figs-euphemism 0 my hands…my fingers…door handle While these may be euphemisms for the woman’s and man’s bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
309 SNG 5 5 ycr1 0 with moist myrrh “with liquid myrrh”
310 SNG 5 6 vgj4 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe her dream.
334 SNG 5 11 s23z figs-metaphor 0 His head is the purest gold The man’s head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
335 SNG 5 11 m1w4 figs-simile 0 a raven a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
336 SNG 5 12 pn5r 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
337 SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or 2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or (2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
338 SNG 5 12 knr8 figs-metaphor 0 doves beside streams of water Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
339 SNG 5 12 xp2d 0 streams of water “gently flowing water”
340 SNG 5 12 tr46 figs-metaphor 0 bathed in milk Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: “doves that are white like milk” or 2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: (1) “doves that are white like milk” or (2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
341 SNG 5 12 qe85 figs-simile 0 mounted like jewels His eyes are beautiful. Jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place are beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
342 SNG 5 13 p7dj 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
343 SNG 5 13 ip4j figs-simile 0 His cheeks…aromatic scents This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
350 SNG 5 14 nl6y figs-metaphor 0 His arms are rounded gold set with jewels “His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them.” The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part ([Song of Songs 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
351 SNG 5 14 bg51 figs-metaphor 0 his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires “his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it.” The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352 SNG 5 14 k5ga 0 ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art.
353 SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either 1) blue or 2) clear and either blue or golden valuable stones that are either (1) blue or (2) clear and either blue or golden
354 SNG 5 15 c8k3 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe the man.
355 SNG 5 15 i1xz figs-metaphor 0 His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
356 SNG 5 15 juu1 0 marble a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth
357 SNG 5 15 z75c figs-simile 0 his appearance is like Lebanon “he looks like Lebanon.” Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
358 SNG 5 16 jk4b 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
359 SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either 1) the man’s sweet kisses or 2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The mouth is a metonym for either (1) the man’s sweet kisses or (2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360 SNG 5 16 w3vr 0 he is completely lovely “every part of him is lovely” or “all of him is lovely”
361 SNG 5 16 pi1a 0 This is my beloved, and this is my friend The word “This” refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. Alternate translation: “That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like”
362 SNG 5 16 zd7b 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
410 SNG 6 11 w8xh 0 were in bloom “were opening their flowers”
411 SNG 6 12 lt9y figs-simile 0 I was so happy that I felt I was riding in the chariot of a prince The man uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
412 SNG 6 13 u681 0 General Information: This is 7:1, the first verse of chapter seven, in some versions. The ULT understands this to be the friends and the woman talking to each other. Some versions understand this to be the man speaking to the woman.
413 SNG 6 13 sm5j figs-pronouns 0 Turn back…gaze on you Possible interpretations are 1) the friends are speaking to the woman or 2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) Possible interpretations are (1) the friends are speaking to the woman or (2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
414 SNG 6 13 x9hk 0 Turn back, turn back “Come back, come back.” This is repeated for emphasis.
415 SNG 6 13 za54 figs-pronouns 0 we may gaze Some versions understand the plural to refer to the man speaking of himself. Alternate translation: “I may gaze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
416 SNG 6 13 c258 0 gaze look intently for a long time
417 SNG 6 13 e2bm figs-pronouns 0 Why do you gaze on the perfect woman…armies Possible interpretations are 1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or 2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) Possible interpretations are (1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or (2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
418 SNG 6 13 iqb9 0 as if on the dance between two armies “as if she were dancing between two armies”
419 SNG 7 intro hqv7 0 # Song of Songs 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Beauty<br>The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Similes<br>There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
420 SNG 7 1 z7jk 0 General Information: This is 7:2, the second verse of chapter seven, in some versions.
447 SNG 7 4 s23k figs-metonymy 0 that looks toward Damascus The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. Alternate translation: “that allows people to look toward Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448 SNG 7 5 a7bt 0 General Information: The man continues to describe the woman.
449 SNG 7 5 jn22 figs-simile 0 Your head is on you like Carmel Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman’s head more than at anything else. Alternate translation: “Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
450 SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are 1) “dark black” or 2) “dark red.” Other possible translations are (1) “dark black” or (2) “dark red.”
451 SNG 7 5 hkk7 figs-metaphor 0 The king is held captive by its tresses This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
452 SNG 7 5 l5e5 0 tresses the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman’s head
453 SNG 7 6 hqx3 0 my love, with delights “my love. You delight me”
504 SNG 8 5 g9tp 0 there under the apricot tree
505 SNG 8 5 d4ub 0 she delivered you “she bore you”
506 SNG 8 6 y4fz 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
507 SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm Possible meanings are 1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or 2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Possible meanings are (1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or (2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
508 SNG 8 6 yzj4 figs-simile 0 for love is as strong as death Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
509 SNG 8 6 tci8 figs-simile 0 as unrelenting as Sheol “as tough as Sheol.” Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
510 SNG 8 6 fvz9 figs-metaphor 0 its flames burst out…any other fire Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
533 SNG 8 10 rll2 figs-metonymy 0 I am in his eyes as one Here eyes are a metonym for judgment or value. Alternate translation: “I am in his judgment as one” or “he thinks of me as one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
534 SNG 8 10 b5uu figs-explicit 0 brings peace You may need to make explicit to whom the woman brings peace. Alternate translation: “brings him peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
535 SNG 8 10 hi47 0 peace “well-being”
536 SNG 8 11 tt74 0 General Information: Possible interpretations: 1) The woman contrasts the way she wants to give herself to the man, who will give her his love, to the way Solomon leases out his vineyard to those who will give him money. 2) The man contrasts the woman, whom he will not give to another man, to Solomon’s vineyard, which he gave to other men. Possible interpretations: (1) The woman contrasts the way she wants to give herself to the man, who will give her his love, to the way Solomon leases out his vineyard to those who will give him money. (2) The man contrasts the woman, whom he will not give to another man, to Solomon’s vineyard, which he gave to other men.
537 SNG 8 11 x2c3 translate-names 0 Baal Hamon This is the name of a town in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
538 SNG 8 11 mz3u 0 gave the vineyard leased, agreed to let other people pay him so they could grow grapes in the vineyard
539 SNG 8 11 b1b3 0 to those who would maintain it “to people who would take care of it”

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ISA 1 1 zfq5 translate-names 0 Amoz Amoz was the father of Isaiah. (See: [[rc:/
ISA 1 1 i66y figs-metonymy 0 Judah and Jerusalem “Judah” refers to the southern kingdom of Israel. “Jerusalem” was its most important city. The names of the places represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “those living in Judah and Jerusalem” or “the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 1 1 qsh3 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. They reigned one after the other, not all at the same time. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah were kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 1 2 qju5 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 1 2 m42x figs-apostrophe 0 Hear, heavens, and give ear, earth Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah knows they will not listen. Possible meanings are 1) he speaks in apostrophe, as though the “heavens” and “earth” would be able to listen to what Yahweh said, or 2) the words “heavens” and “earth” are metonyms and a merism for all living beings everywhere. Alternate translation: “you who live in the heavens…you who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 1 2 m42x figs-apostrophe 0 Hear, heavens, and give ear, earth Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah knows they will not listen. Possible meanings are (1) he speaks in apostrophe, as though the “heavens” and “earth” would be able to listen to what Yahweh said, or (2) the words “heavens” and “earth” are metonyms and a merism for all living beings everywhere. Alternate translation: “you who live in the heavens…you who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 1 2 v1jh 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
ISA 1 2 q3lw 0 I have nourished and brought up children, but they have rebelled against me Words that Yahweh spoke and which Isaiah is speaking to the Israelites for Yahweh.
ISA 1 2 nn1n figs-metaphor 0 I have nourished and brought up children Yahweh speaks as if his words were food and as if the Israelites were his children. Alternate translation: “I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ISA 1 3 k1dl figs-ellipsis 0 the donkey his master’s feeding trough You can m
ISA 1 3 i9j2 0 but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand This probably means “but the people of Israel do not know me, they do not understand that I am the one who cares for them.”
ISA 1 3 gxd1 figs-metonymy 0 Israel This is a metonym for the people of Israel. Judah is part of what had been the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 1 4 s8qu figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 1 4 blg2 0 Nation, sinners Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is saying two different things about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of Israel, you sinners” or 2) he is saying only one thing about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of sinners”
ISA 1 4 blg2 0 Nation, sinners Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah is saying two different things about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of Israel, you sinners” or (2) he is saying only one thing about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of sinners”
ISA 1 4 w37n figs-metaphor 0 a people weighed down with iniquity Something very heavy that a person might carry is a metaphor for their many sins. Alternate translation: “their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 4 j97s figs-metaphor 0 offspring of evildoers The word “offspring” is a metaphor for people who do what others have done. Alternate translation: “people who do the same evil they see others doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 4 bwr8 0 act corruptly do evil deeds
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ISA 1 7 l3um figs-abstractnouns 0 abandoned devastation “empty and devastated
ISA 1 7 ygn5 figs-activepassive 0 overthrown by strangers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “strangers have overthrown your country” or “a foreign army has completely conquered it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 1 8 c1rf figs-activepassive 0 The daughter of Zion is left This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have left the daughter of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 1 8 lkv3 figs-idiom 0 The daughter of Zion The “daughter” of a city means the people of the city. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion” or “The people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 1 8 xl8k figs-simile 0 is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers Possible meanings are 1) “has become as small as a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers” or 2) “is left the way a farmer leaves a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers when he is finished with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 1 8 xl8k figs-simile 0 is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers Possible meanings are (1) “has become as small as a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers” or (2) “is left the way a farmer leaves a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers when he is finished with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 1 8 qnb3 0 like…cucumbers, like a besieged city Another possible meaning is “like…cucumbers. She is a besieged city”
ISA 1 9 cf1d figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 1 9 a3aq figs-hypo 0 If Yahweh This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ ISA 1 12 z32c figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s
ISA 1 12 p91g figs-rquestion 0 who has required this of you, to trample my courts? The word “trample” means to step on and crush with one’s feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 1 13 a4yw 0 Bring no more meaningless offerings “Do not bring me any more of your worthless gifts”
ISA 1 13 qg5t figs-abstractnouns 0 incense is an abomination to me Here the abstract noun “abomination” can expressed as the verb “hate.” Alternate translation: “I hate the incense the priests burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 1 13 y2mq 0 I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies Possible meanings are 1) “I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do” or 2) “I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do.”
ISA 1 13 y2mq 0 I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies Possible meanings are (1) “I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do” or (2) “I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do.”
ISA 1 14 x2u9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 1 14 u5nj figs-metonymy 0 your new moons and your appointed feasts The words “new moons” are a metonym for the celebrations of the new moon. They are also a synecdoche for all regular celebrations. Alternate translation: “your celebrations of the new moon and your other regular feasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 1 14 f4rl 0 new moons A new moon is when the moon first shows light after having been dark.
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ ISA 1 21 lhv6 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the peop
ISA 1 21 bhm8 figs-metonymy 0 How the faithful city This exclamation shows Isaiah’s anger and sadness about the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “See how the people of Jerusalem, who had been faithful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 1 21 v446 figs-metaphor 0 has become a prostitute Isaiah compared the people to a woman who is not loyal to her husband but who sleeps with other men for money. The people were no longer loyal to God but were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “acts like a prostitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 21 v25z figs-metaphor 0 but now she is full of murderers The word “she” refers to Jerusalem and its people. Those who wrote the Bible often refer to cities as women. Alternate translation: “but now the people of Jerusalem are murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 22 n46w figs-metaphor 0 Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water Possible meanings are that Isaiah uses silver and wine as metaphors for 1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water” or 2) the good deeds that the people formerly did. Alternate translation: “You used to do good deeds, but now your bad deeds make your good deeds worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 22 n46w figs-metaphor 0 Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water Possible meanings are that Isaiah uses silver and wine as metaphors for (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water” or (2) the good deeds that the people formerly did. Alternate translation: “You used to do good deeds, but now your bad deeds make your good deeds worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 22 tbh7 0 silver…impure Someone needs to clean silver often or it will no longer shine brightly.
ISA 1 22 b14q 0 wine…water Wine with water in it has little taste and so is no better than water.
ISA 1 23 jw4m figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ ISA 1 26 usx1 0 at the first…at the beginning These are two ways of speaking
ISA 1 26 i1s1 figs-activepassive 0 you will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will call you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 1 26 d4ji figs-metonymy 0 the city of righteousness, a faithful town Here “city” and “town” refer to the people living in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the city where the people are righteous and loyal to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 1 27 glh4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 1 27 qa1v figs-activepassive 0 Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness This can be stated in active form. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because the people there do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what Yahweh says is right” or 2) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 1 27 qa1v figs-activepassive 0 Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness This can be stated in active form. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because the people there do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what Yahweh says is right” or (2) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 1 27 z5g9 figs-metonymy 0 Zion This is a metonym for the people who live on Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 1 28 fi96 figs-activepassive 0 Rebels and sinners will be crushed together This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy those who rebel and sin against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 1 28 ekb3 figs-activepassive 0 those who abandon Yahweh will be done away with This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will completely do away with those who turn away from him” or “and Yahweh will kill all who reject him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ ISA 2 intro pr4a 0 # Isaiah 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<b
ISA 2 1 tt88 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 2 1 p86l figs-metonymy 0 Judah and Jerusalem “Judah” and “Jerusalem” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “those living in Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 2 2 dw9n 0 in the last days “in the future”
ISA 2 2 f17l figs-activepassive 0 the mountain of Yahweh’s house will be established This can be stated 1) as a description. Alternate translation: “The mountain of Yahweh’s house will stand” or 2) in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 2 2 f17l figs-activepassive 0 the mountain of Yahweh’s house will be established This can be stated (1) as a description. Alternate translation: “The mountain of Yahweh’s house will stand” or (2) in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 2 2 i5hb figs-metaphor 0 as the highest of the mountains Isaiah speaks of importance as if it were physical height. Alternate translation: “the most important of the mountains” or “the most important place in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 2 h16p figs-metaphor 0 it will be raised up above the hills Isaiah speaks of honor in metaphor as if it were physical height. This can be stated 1) in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will honor it more than any other hill” or 2) as a metonym for the people who worship there. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will honor the people who worship there more than he honors any other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 2 2 h16p figs-metaphor 0 it will be raised up above the hills Isaiah speaks of honor in metaphor as if it were physical height. This can be stated (1) in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will honor it more than any other hill” or (2) as a metonym for the people who worship there. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will honor the people who worship there more than he honors any other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 2 2 p88m figs-metonymy 0 all the nations Here “nations” is a metonym for the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “people from all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 2 2 p7rl figs-metaphor 0 will flow to it The people around the world going to the mountain of Yahweh is compared to how a river flows. This emphasizes that many people will come, not just a few people. Alternate translation: “will flow like a river to it” or “will go to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 3 nl4z figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ ISA 2 5 rm7q figs-metonymy 0 House of Jacob “You descendants of Jacob.” The
ISA 2 5 jlm2 0 come a gentle encouragement to do what the speaker is about to tell the hearer to do
ISA 2 5 h3c9 figs-metaphor 0 let us walk in the light of Yahweh Isaiah speaks of people learning and then doing what Yahweh wants them to do as if they were walking at night with a lamp that Yahweh has provided so they can see the path. Alternate translation: “let us learn how Yahweh wants us to live and then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 6 uvd9 figs-pronouns 0 For you have abandoned your people “For you have left your people” and do not care what happens to them. Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
ISA 2 6 uh4h figs-metaphor 0 they are filled with customs from the east Isaiah speaks as if the people were containers who were full of something from the east. Possible meanings are that he speaks of 1) the deeds that the eastern peoples do. Alternate translation: “they do all the time the evil things the people who live in lands east of Israel do” or 2) people, specifically those who claim to speak to dead people, who have come from the east to do evil deeds. Alternate translation: “many diviners have come from the east and now live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 2 6 uh4h figs-metaphor 0 they are filled with customs from the east Isaiah speaks as if the people were containers who were full of something from the east. Possible meanings are that he speaks of (1) the deeds that the eastern peoples do. Alternate translation: “they do all the time the evil things the people who live in lands east of Israel do” or (2) people, specifically those who claim to speak to dead people, who have come from the east to do evil deeds. Alternate translation: “many diviners have come from the east and now live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 2 6 n11d 0 they practice divination they try to tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves
ISA 2 6 n8bj translate-symaction 0 they shake hands with sons of foreigners Clasping hands together is the symbol of friendship and peace. Alternate translation: “they make peace and work together with people who are not from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ISA 2 7 fld8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to Yahweh in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ ISA 2 9 itw7 figs-metaphor 0 The people will be bowed down, and individuals wil
ISA 2 9 gq1x 0 The people human beings, as opposed to animals
ISA 2 9 vjx5 0 individuals “each person”
ISA 2 9 rbg3 figs-metaphor 0 do not raise them up The words “raise them up” are a metaphor for Yahweh forgiving the people. Alternate translation: “do not forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 10 gxz3 0 Go into the rocky places Possible meanings are the people should go into 1) caves on steep hillsides or 2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide.
ISA 2 10 y6bc 0 hide in the ground Possible meanings are that the people should hide 1) in natural holes in the ground or 2) in pits that they dig in the ground.
ISA 2 10 gxz3 0 Go into the rocky places Possible meanings are the people should go into (1) caves on steep hillsides or (2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide.
ISA 2 10 y6bc 0 hide in the ground Possible meanings are that the people should hide (1) in natural holes in the ground or (2) in pits that they dig in the ground.
ISA 2 10 iv7d figs-abstractnouns 0 from the terror of Yahweh Here the abstract noun “terror” can be expressed by the verb “terrifying.” Alternate translation: “to get away from Yahweh’s terrifying presence” or “from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 2 10 sf9n 0 the glory of his majesty “the great beauty and power he has as king” or “his royal splendor.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](../02/10.md).
ISA 2 11 hp3l figs-metaphor 0 The lofty gaze of man will be brought low “Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man.” A man with a “lofty gaze” is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ ISA 2 12 u89l figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the peop
ISA 2 12 ypp7 figs-activepassive 0 who is proud and raised up One who is “raised up” is proud and considers himself better than other people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who is proud and who raises himself above other people” or “who is proud and thinks that he is better than other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 12 ew97 figs-doublet 0 who is proud…who is arrogant Someone who is arrogant speaks and acts as if he is better than other people. These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 2 12 t5zf figs-activepassive 0 he will be brought down “every proud person will be brought down.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will humble him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 2 13 icm3 figs-metaphor 0 against all the cedars of Lebanon…against all the oaks of Bashan The “day of Yahweh of Hosts” will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are 1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or 2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 13 icm3 figs-metaphor 0 against all the cedars of Lebanon…against all the oaks of Bashan The “day of Yahweh of Hosts” will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are (1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or (2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 14 rx5g figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](../02/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 2 14 d97m 0 against In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are 1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or 2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list.
ISA 2 14 d97m 0 against In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are (1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or (2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list.
ISA 2 14 mud8 figs-metaphor 0 mountains…hills These words are metaphors for the pride of the Israelites. They also appear in [Isaiah 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 14 td8x figs-idiom 0 that are lifted up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are very high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 2 15 u56r figs-metaphor 0 high tower…impregnable wall These refer to things people would build around their cities so they could defend themselves against their enemies. They are a metaphor for the Israelites’ pride and belief that they had no need for Yahweh and could stand against any punishment Yahweh would mete out to them for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -207,15 +207,15 @@ ISA 3 1 b6ce figs-metaphor 0 support and staff Both of these words refer to a w
ISA 3 2 c9rl figs-genericnoun 0 the mighty man…the warrior…the judge…the prophet…the one who practices divination…the elder This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the mighty men…the warriors…the judges…the prophets…the ones who practices divination…the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 3 2 zv6c 0 the one who practices divination This is a person who claims that he can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:6](../02/06.md).
ISA 3 3 q6s4 figs-genericnoun 0 the captain of fifty…the respected citizen…the counselor…the expert craftsman…the skillful enchanter This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the captains of fifty…the respected citizens…the counselors…the expert craftsmen…the skillful enchanters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 3 3 kui6 translate-numbers 0 the captain of fifty Possible meanings are 1) the word “fifty” represents the exact amount of soldiers that the captain led. Alternate translation: “the captains of 50 soldiers” or 2) the word translated as “fifty” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a small military unit. Alternate translation: “the captain of a small military unit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 3 3 kui6 translate-numbers 0 the captain of fifty Possible meanings are (1) the word “fifty” represents the exact amount of soldiers that the captain led. Alternate translation: “the captains of 50 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “fifty” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a small military unit. Alternate translation: “the captain of a small military unit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 3 3 jms3 translate-numbers 0 fifty “50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 3 4 y5ha figs-parallelism 0 I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) “I will place young people as their leaders, and those young people will rule over them” or 2) “youths” is a metaphor for simple and foolish men. Alternate translation: “I will place over them leaders who are immature, like young people, and those bad leaders will rule over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 4 y5ha figs-parallelism 0 I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) “I will place young people as their leaders, and those young people will rule over them” or (2) “youths” is a metaphor for simple and foolish men. Alternate translation: “I will place over them leaders who are immature, like young people, and those bad leaders will rule over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 4 l2g7 figs-explicit 0 I will place Here the word “I” refers to Yahweh. This can also be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says, ‘I will place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 3 5 f5ah figs-activepassive 0 The people will be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be cruel to others and will mistreat his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 3 5 rs6x 0 the degraded “the people who are without honor” or “the people whom no one respects”
ISA 3 5 c8vy 0 the honorable “the people with honor” or “the people whom everyone respects”
ISA 3 6 erd8 figs-metaphor 0 let this ruin be in your hands Here “hands” represents authority. Alternate translation: “take charge of this ruin” or “rule over this ruin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 6 l4fv figs-metaphor 0 this ruin Possible meanings are 1) many or most of the buildings in the city of Jerusalem were destroyed or 2) the people in Jerusalem have no more prosperity or leadership. Alternate translation: “this city, which is now ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 6 l4fv figs-metaphor 0 this ruin Possible meanings are (1) many or most of the buildings in the city of Jerusalem were destroyed or (2) the people in Jerusalem have no more prosperity or leadership. Alternate translation: “this city, which is now ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 7 p9fr figs-metaphor 0 I will not be a healer Solving the people’s troubles is spoken of as if it were healing them. Alternate translation: “No, I cannot fix this problem” or “No, I cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 8 ze64 0 Connecting Statement: The prophet begins to comment on this situation.
ISA 3 8 un4e figs-metaphor 0 Jerusalem has stumbled, and Judah has fallen Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling and falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ ISA 3 10 yki9 figs-genericnoun 0 the righteous person This refers to righteous
ISA 3 10 s5vz figs-metaphor 0 for they will eat the fruit of their deeds Deeds are spoken of as if they were trees giving fruit that can be eaten. The fruit stands for the reward for doing good deeds. Alternate translation: “for they will receive their reward for their good deeds” or “for they will receive their reward for the good things they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 10 i1nt 0 they will eat the fruit of their deeds The Hebrew text has these plural pronouns here, but they refer to any righteous person. Translators can choose to translate them as singular: “he will eat the fruit of his deeds.”
ISA 3 11 ti8h figs-metonymy 0 for the recompense of his hands will be done to him Here “hands” stands for the deeds that the person has done. Alternate translation: “for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 3 12 yn5p 0 My people…My people Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is talking and “My” refers to Isaiah, or 2) Yahweh is talking and “My” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 3 12 zg6p figs-metaphor 0 children are their oppressors Possible meanings are 1) “young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people” or 2) “their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 12 j52r 0 women rule over them Possible meanings are 1) “women rule over the people” or 2) “their leaders are weak like women.”
ISA 3 12 yn5p 0 My people…My people Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah is talking and “My” refers to Isaiah, or (2) Yahweh is talking and “My” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 3 12 zg6p figs-metaphor 0 children are their oppressors Possible meanings are (1) “young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people” or (2) “their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 12 j52r 0 women rule over them Possible meanings are (1) “women rule over the people” or (2) “their leaders are weak like women.”
ISA 3 12 t5bp figs-metaphor 0 those who guide you lead you astray and confuse the direction of your path It was common in the Ancient Middle East to speak of a nation’s leaders as if they were shepherds. As shepherds lead the sheep along good paths to safety, leaders should teach the people the truth and help them do what is right. Judah’s leaders were not doing this. Alternate translation: “your leaders are like bad shepherds who lead you away from good paths and do not show you where to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 3 13 c84g figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh stands up for an accusation; he is standing to accuse the people Isaiah speaks of Yahweh’s decision to harm the people as if Yahweh were bringing a legal accusation in a courtroom against the people of Israel. The second part of this line means the same thing as the first part, but it says it a little more completely. Alternate translation: “It is as though Yahweh had taken his place in a courtroom and were ready to accuse the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 3 14 exq5 figs-metaphor 0 will come with judgment Judgment is spoken of as if it were an object that one could bring to another person. Alternate translation: “will announce his judgment” or “will declare his judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -276,19 +276,19 @@ ISA 3 26 kz3l figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem’s gates will lament and mourn Here th
ISA 3 26 qeu2 figs-personification 0 she will be alone and sit upon the ground Isaiah speaks of the people of Jerusalem, whom no one will save from their enemies, as if they were the city itself and as if they were a woman who sits on the ground because all her friends have deserted her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 4 intro xy1x 0 # Isaiah 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### More women than men<br>This chapter describes a time when there will be many more women than men in Judah. This is because so many of Judah’s fighting men will have died before the exile. Those who come through this difficult time will be a holy remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Branch of Yahweh<br>Scholars are divided over the possible meaning of this metaphor. Some believe it is a reference to the Messiah, while others believe it is a reference to the faithful remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
ISA 4 1 ke3e figs-idiom 0 let us take your name This phrase means “let us marry you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 4 2 ki64 figs-synecdoche 0 the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful Possible meanings are 1) “branch” is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful” or 2) “branch” is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 4 2 ki64 figs-synecdoche 0 the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful Possible meanings are (1) “branch” is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful” or (2) “branch” is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 4 2 egm3 0 will be beautiful and glorious “will be full of beauty and glory”
ISA 4 2 ree3 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel “Fruit” sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. Possible meanings here are 1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. Alternate translation: “the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land” or 2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 4 2 ree3 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel “Fruit” sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. Possible meanings here are (1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. Alternate translation: “the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land” or (2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 4 3 z8mg figs-parallelism 0 the one who is left in Zion and the one who remains in Jerusalem Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “the one who” does not refer to a specific person but to people in general who are still alive in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “everyone who remains in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 4 3 gb1i figs-activepassive 0 will be called holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will call them holy” or “will belong to the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 4 3 pe1n figs-activepassive 0 everyone who is written down as living in Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone whose name is on the list of the people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 4 4 af4y figs-metaphor 0 when the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion This expression speaks of sin as if it were physical dirt. Alternate translation: “after the Lord removes the sins of the daughters of Zion as someone washes away filth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 4 4 idm2 0 the daughters of Zion Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 4 4 idm2 0 the daughters of Zion Possible meanings are (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 4 4 el4d figs-metonymy 0 will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem’s midst “Blood stains” here represents violence and murder. Alternate translation: “will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 4 4 i2xn figs-metaphor 0 by means of the spirit of judgment and the spirit of flaming fire This is how God would remove the sin from Jerusalem. Here “spirit” probably represents the activity of judging and burning. Alternate translation: “by judgment and flaming fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 4 4 l3vm 0 spirit of judgment Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will punish the people or 2) Yahweh will declare the people guilty.
ISA 4 4 si1b figs-metaphor 0 the spirit of flaming fire Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will remove sinners from Zion like a fire removes impurities or 2) “flaming fire” is a metonym that represents the destruction in general of all the sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 4 5 yk4j 0 a canopy over all the glory Possible meanings are 1) a canopy for protecting the glorious city, or 2) a canopy consisting of God’s glory that will protect the city. If the first meaning is followed, then it may further mean that the city is glorious because Yahweh is present in it.
ISA 4 4 l3vm 0 spirit of judgment Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will punish the people or (2) Yahweh will declare the people guilty.
ISA 4 4 si1b figs-metaphor 0 the spirit of flaming fire Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will remove sinners from Zion like a fire removes impurities or (2) “flaming fire” is a metonym that represents the destruction in general of all the sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 4 5 yk4j 0 a canopy over all the glory Possible meanings are (1) a canopy for protecting the glorious city, or (2) a canopy consisting of God’s glory that will protect the city. If the first meaning is followed, then it may further mean that the city is glorious because Yahweh is present in it.
ISA 4 5 h7ct 0 canopy This is a cloth that is hung over something to cover it for protecton.
ISA 5 intro g25h 0 # Isaiah 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Woe<br>This chapter presents a series of woes, or judgments against those who are spoken against. Most of these judgements are due to the lack of justice in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Allegory<br>This chapter begins as an allegory. An allegory is a story with a symbolic meaning. This allegory is meant to teach the Jews that they sinned against Yahweh and that there was nothing more he could have done for them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>==Animals being present where people once lived==<br>Verse 17 (“Then the sheep will feed as in their own pasture, and in the ruins of the rich people, lambs will graze”) is an example of the Old Testament’s prophets’ habit of describing complete ruin and desolation in terms of a picture of animals--usually wild animals, but here sheep and lambs--living in or feeding in those places. Whether the picture is of flocks or wild animals, the purpose is to say that the human habitation has gone back to wild nature, and that this has happened because of God’s punishment on the people.<br>
ISA 5 1 wd3z figs-parables 0 General Information: Isaiah tells a parable about a farmer and his vineyard. The farmer represents God and the vineyard represents the people of Judah, the southern kingdom of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
@ -379,12 +379,12 @@ ISA 5 27 m2qf 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the army tha
ISA 5 27 q27w 0 tire…stumble…slumbers…sleeps These four words progress from being tired from work to being unable to walk well, to being unable to stay awake, to full sleep, so all four should appear in the translation.
ISA 5 27 hac2 0 Nor are their belts loose The soldiers kept their clothes tight so it would easier to move and fight.
ISA 5 27 xx4t 0 the thongs of their sandals “the straps of their sandals”
ISA 5 28 j18k figs-simile 0 their horses’ hooves are like flint “their hooves are like hard stone.” Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse’s foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or 2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 5 28 j18k figs-simile 0 their horses’ hooves are like flint “their hooves are like hard stone.” Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse’s foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or (2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 5 28 a4f3 figs-simile 0 their chariot wheels like storms Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to storms in order to imply that they will destroy everything in their path. Alternate translation: “the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 5 28 x4c6 0 chariot wheels These wheels often had sharp blades attached to them that would cut to pieces anyone the chariot passed close to.
ISA 5 29 v8gp 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah ([Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md)).
ISA 5 29 dv1u figs-metonymy 0 young lions A young age is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “the strongest lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 5 29 jhq5 figs-metaphor 0 They will growl and seize the prey Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. Possible meanings are 1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or 2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 5 29 jhq5 figs-metaphor 0 They will growl and seize the prey Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. Possible meanings are (1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or (2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 5 29 kw8f 0 prey animals that another animal wants to catch and kill
ISA 5 29 ixb3 0 with none to rescue “and no one will be able to save them”
ISA 5 30 x52f 0 will roar…sea roars The word “roar” here is translated “growl” in verse 29. Use your language’s word for the sound of waves in a storm or heavy rain or some other frightening natural sound.
@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ ISA 6 8 n956 figs-synecdoche 0 the voice of the Lord say Here “voice” repre
ISA 6 8 at9k figs-explicit 0 Whom shall I send It is implied that Yahweh will send someone to speak his message to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Whom shall I send to be a messenger to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 6 8 ria2 figs-inclusive 0 who will go for us It seems “us” refers to Yahweh and the members of his heavenly council to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ISA 6 9 vja4 0 this people “the people of Israel”
ISA 6 9 iq3c figs-imperative 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive Possible meanings are 1) the imperatives “do not understand” and “do not perceive” express what God is causing to happen. Alternate translation: “You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand” or 2) the imperatives “Listen” and “see” express the idea of “if.” Alternate translation: “Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
ISA 6 9 iq3c figs-imperative 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive Possible meanings are (1) the imperatives “do not understand” and “do not perceive” express what God is causing to happen. Alternate translation: “You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand” or (2) the imperatives “Listen” and “see” express the idea of “if.” Alternate translation: “Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
ISA 6 9 m1yh figs-ellipsis 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “Listen to Yahweh’s message, but do not understand what it means; look at what Yahweh is doing, but do not realize what it means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 6 10 j69r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he must do when Yahweh sends him to preach to the people.
ISA 6 10 q3as figs-metonymy 0 Make the heart of this people insensitive Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. A person who does not think clearly and is unable to understand and care about what is happening is spoken of as if his heart were insensitive. Alternate translation: “Make these people unable to understand” or “Make the minds of these people dull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -450,8 +450,8 @@ ISA 7 3 u3qa translate-names 0 Shear-Jashub Translators may also add a footnote
ISA 7 3 dcs8 0 at the end of the conduit of the upper pool “where the water flows out of the tunnel and enters the upper pool”
ISA 7 3 jx5e 0 conduit man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows
ISA 7 3 iiu7 0 road If your language has a word for a road or path that people have made smooth by filling in the low places and lowering the high places, you can use it here.
ISA 7 3 v3uw translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field Possible meanings are 1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or 2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderer’s field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 7 3 cts4 translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field A launderer is either 1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “Wool Washer Field,” or 2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, “Clothes Washer Field.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 7 3 v3uw translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field Possible meanings are (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderer’s field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 7 3 cts4 translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field A launderer is either (1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “Wool Washer Field,” or (2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, “Clothes Washer Field.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 7 4 tuu2 0 Tell him “Tell Ahaz”
ISA 7 4 ze8i figs-metaphor 0 do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, by the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah son of Remaliah God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not let Rezin and Pekah make you afraid; their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 7 4 uy6n figs-doublet 0 afraid or intimidated The words “afraid” and “intimidated” mean the same thing and can be translated as one word. Alternate translation: “afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ ISA 7 13 zw34 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym
ISA 7 13 v36u figs-rquestion 0 Is it not enough for you people to test the patience of people? Must you also test the patience of my God? These questions emphasize that the king has sinned greatly. Alternate translation: “You test the patience of people! Now you even test the patience of my God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 7 14 ecy9 0 the young woman will conceive Some ancient versions and some contemporary versions translate, “the virgin will conceive,” while others translate “the young woman will conceive.”
ISA 7 14 s44h translate-names 0 his name Immanuel Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Immanuel means ‘God with us.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 7 15 jl15 figs-explicit 0 He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good Possible meanings are 1) “By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good.” This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or 2) “By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey.” The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 7 15 jl15 figs-explicit 0 He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good Possible meanings are (1) “By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good.” This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or (2) “By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey.” The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 7 15 s9yg 0 curds milk that people have treated to make it into a soft solid
ISA 7 15 di2m figs-nominaladj 0 refuse the evil and choose the good Here “the evil” and “the good” refer to evil and good things in general. Alternate translation: “refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 7 16 e7h5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the sign that God will give the house of David.
@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ ISA 7 20 d2rx figs-activepassive 0 that was hired This can be stated in active
ISA 7 20 yli5 0 the head…the hair of the legs…also…the beard It was bad to have someone shave the top of the head; it was worse to have someone shave “the hair of the legs”; it was worst of all to have someone shave the beard.
ISA 7 20 y3tv figs-metaphor 0 the head…the hair of the legs…the beard Isaiah does not say whose head, hair, and beard the Lord is going to shave, but Ahaz and the reader would understand that this is a man; the man is a metaphor for the people living in the land of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 7 20 tyl9 figs-metonymy 0 the head Here “the head” represents the hair that grows on it. Alternate translation: “the hair on the head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 7 20 tkw6 figs-euphemism 0 the hair of the legs Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or 2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ISA 7 20 tkw6 figs-euphemism 0 the hair of the legs Possible meanings are (1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or (2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ISA 7 20 a1pl 0 it will also sweep “the razor will also sweep.” If your language requires a person to be the subject of “will…sweep,” you can say, “the Lord will also sweep.”
ISA 7 22 tsx4 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the abundance of milk which they shall give The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “because they will give so much milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 7 23 h6cj 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel.
@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ ISA 7 24 sr7t figs-explicit 0 because all the land will be briers and thorns Wh
ISA 7 25 azm2 figs-activepassive 0 They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will stay away from the hills where they once prepared the soil to plant crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 8 intro c8jg 0 # Isaiah 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:6-18, 21-22.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust in Yahweh<br>Israel will not trust in Yahweh. Instead, they will trust in their own power, their Gentile allies and the power of false gods. They will be punished because the power of Yahweh is greater than all of these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
ISA 8 1 kzi2 0 Yahweh said to me Here the word “me” refers to Isaiah.
ISA 8 2 x1fq 0 I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking: “I will call honest men to be witnesses” or 2) Isaiah is speaking: “I called honest men to be witnesses” or 3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: “Call honest men to be witnesses.”
ISA 8 2 x1fq 0 I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is speaking: “I will call honest men to be witnesses” or (2) Isaiah is speaking: “I called honest men to be witnesses” or (3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: “Call honest men to be witnesses.”
ISA 8 3 j2ld figs-euphemism 0 I went to the prophetess It can be stated explicitly that Isaiah is married to the prophetess. Alternate translation: “I slept with my wife, the prophetess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 8 4 g5hy figs-activepassive 0 the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria will carry away all the treasures of Damascus and Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 8 6 k9mk figs-metaphor 0 Because this people has refused the gentle waters of Shiloah The words “gentle waters” are a metaphor for the law of the Lord. Alternate translation: “Because this people has rejected Yahweh’s law, which is like the gentle waters of Shiloah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ ISA 8 7 x441 0 the River the Euphrates River in Assyria
ISA 8 8 ek4i 0 General Information: The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah ([Isaiah 8:7](../08/07.md)).
ISA 8 8 ye6u figs-metaphor 0 The River will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to your neck The army of Assyria is like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “More and more soldiers will come like a river rising up to your neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 8 8 yl2k figs-metonymy 0 The River This refers to the Euphrates River in Assyria. This is a metonym for the Assyrian soldiers, who will come from their homes by the Euphrates River ([Isaiah 8:7](../08/07.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 8 8 w2iu figs-metaphor 0 Its outstretched wings will fill Possible meanings are 1) as “the River” in the metaphor rises, its “wings” flow over and cover what had been dry land or 2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, “But his outstretched wings will cover.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 8 8 w2iu figs-metaphor 0 Its outstretched wings will fill Possible meanings are (1) as “the River” in the metaphor rises, its “wings” flow over and cover what had been dry land or (2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, “But his outstretched wings will cover.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 8 8 j34k 0 Immanuel Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Immanuel means ‘God with us.’” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:14](../07/14.md).
ISA 8 9 qq71 figs-activepassive 0 You peoples will be broken to pieces This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will break your armies to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 8 9 qzg7 figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, all you distant countries Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. Alternate translation: “Listen, all you people in far away places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
@ -540,12 +540,12 @@ ISA 8 17 y59u figs-metonymy 0 who hides his face from the house of Jacob Yahweh
ISA 8 17 p16z 0 house of Jacob people of Israel
ISA 8 18 b1mr 0 I and the sons whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel “I and the sons Yahweh has given me are like signs to warn the people of Israel.” The sons are Shear-Jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz, whose names are a message to the people of Israel. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md) and [Isaiah 8:1](./01.md))
ISA 8 19 vs7z 0 General Information: Isaiah is speaking.
ISA 8 19 ld5t 0 They will say to you, “Consult with those who speak with the dead and with spirits,” the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? Other possible meanings are 1) “They will say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.’” or 2) “When they say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,’ should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!”
ISA 8 19 ld5t 0 They will say to you, “Consult with those who speak with the dead and with spirits,” the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? Other possible meanings are (1) “They will say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.’” or (2) “When they say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,’ should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!”
ISA 8 19 im2e figs-you 0 They will say to you The word “they” refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word “you” is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 8 19 sx96 0 the ones who chirp and mutter incantations The words “chirp” and “mutter” refer to the sounds mediums and spiritists made when trying to speak to dead people. Alternate translation: “they people who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people”
ISA 8 19 n9lj 0 chirp make sounds like birds
ISA 8 19 zsh8 figs-rquestion 0 But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? These questions are to show that people should consult God instead of foolishly trying to talk to dead people. Alternate translation: “But people should ask Yahweh to guide them. They should not seek answers from those who have died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 8 20 i7kp 0 To the law and to the testimony Possible meanings are 1) “Pay attention to God’s instructions and teaching” or 2) “Then you must remember the teaching and testimony I gave.” ([Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md)).
ISA 8 20 i7kp 0 To the law and to the testimony Possible meanings are (1) “Pay attention to God’s instructions and teaching” or (2) “Then you must remember the teaching and testimony I gave.” ([Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md)).
ISA 8 20 fav3 0 the law This is the same word translated “official record” in [Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md).
ISA 8 20 qpm5 0 the testimony See how you translated this in [Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md).
ISA 8 20 i61u 0 If they do not say such things “If they do not speak of the law and the testimony”
@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ ISA 9 13 f9al 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](..
ISA 9 14 in46 figs-metaphor 0 head and tail Isaiah explains this metaphor in verse 15. The “head,” the part of an animal a person would want to be, is “the leader and the noble man,” and the “tail,” the dirty part of the animal, is “the prophet who teaches lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 14 cj62 figs-metaphor 0 palm branch and reed The “palm branch” grows high on the tree and is a metaphor for people who are important and rule others. The “reed” grows in shallow water and is a metaphor for people who are poor and unimportant and are ruled by others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 16 qp35 figs-metaphor 0 Those who lead this people lead them astray The leaders causing people to disobey is spoken of as if the leaders led them on the wrong path. Alternate translation: “The leaders of Israel have caused the people to disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 16 ck73 figs-metaphor 0 those who are led by them are swallowed up This is a metaphor that can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “those that they lead become confused” or 2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh destroys those that they lead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 9 16 ck73 figs-metaphor 0 those who are led by them are swallowed up This is a metaphor that can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “those that they lead become confused” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh destroys those that they lead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 9 17 w5bb figs-synecdoche 0 every mouth speaks foolish things The word “mouth” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “every person speaks foolish things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 9 17 b4un 0 In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand “Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md).
ISA 9 17 v3li figs-metaphor 0 his hand is still stretched out Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “he will still be ready to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ ISA 9 18 ee5n figs-doublet 0 briers…thorns The words “briers” and “thor
ISA 9 19 ctw3 figs-activepassive 0 Through the fury of Yahweh of hosts the land is scorched Translate “Yahweh of hosts” as in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Like fire that scorches the land, the Lord’s intense anger will destroy the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 19 bg78 figs-idiom 0 No man spares his brother To “spare” someone means to save them from harm. Alternate translation: “No one does anything to help his own brother escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 9 20 e6kn figs-metonymy 0 They will grab food on the right hand…on the left hand This expression means that the people will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 9 20 sl21 figs-metaphor 0 Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm Possible meanings are 1) people will be so hungry that they will want to eat or will actually eat their own arms or 2) the word “arm” is a metaphor for the person’s neighbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 20 sl21 figs-metaphor 0 Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm Possible meanings are (1) people will be so hungry that they will want to eat or will actually eat their own arms or (2) the word “arm” is a metaphor for the person’s neighbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 21 y7rj 0 In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand “Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md).
ISA 9 21 gxv7 figs-metaphor 0 his hand is still stretched out Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “he will still be ready to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 intro dc9a 0 # Isaiah 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy beginning in 8:21. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:1-11, 13-14, 15-19, 27-34.<br>(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s sovereignty<br>Yahweh has so much power and authority that he controls all of the nations. He even controls the nations who do not worship him. He uses Assyria to punish the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to make statements about Israel’s sin. The Assyrians use rhetorical questions in order to boast in their pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ ISA 10 2 jwk2 0 prey Translated “prey” as in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md).
ISA 10 3 gdt3 figs-rquestion 0 What will you do on judgment day…away? Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: “You will be able to do nothing on judgment day…away!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 10 3 xh3w 0 judgment day “the day when Yahweh comes to judge you” or “the day when Yahweh punishes you”
ISA 10 3 u4fv figs-rquestion 0 To whom will you flee for help, and where will you leave your wealth? Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: “You have nowhere to run for help, and you will have nowhere to hide your riches!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 10 4 iw4t 0 Nothing remains, and you crouch Possible meanings are 1) “None of your wealth remains as you crouch” or 2) “You can do nothing else but crouch.”
ISA 10 4 iw4t 0 Nothing remains, and you crouch Possible meanings are (1) “None of your wealth remains as you crouch” or (2) “You can do nothing else but crouch.”
ISA 10 4 p3u9 0 you crouch among the prisoners or fall among the killed “your enemies will either take you as a prisoner or will kill you”
ISA 10 4 f4fy 0 In all these things, his anger does not subside “Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md).
ISA 10 4 dg4p figs-metaphor 0 his hand is still stretched out Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “he will still be ready to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ ISA 10 6 nvq3 0 against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my
ISA 10 6 i3fl figs-metaphor 0 who bear my overflowing wrath Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were more liquid than a container could hold; “the people” are trying to carry this container, but it is heavy, and Yahweh keeps pouring liquid in even after it starts to spill out. Alternate translation: “at whom I continue to be angry even after I have punished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 6 tam5 0 to take the spoil “to take everything they have”
ISA 10 6 wy5h 0 to take the prey to take the people like prey. See how you translated “prey” in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md).
ISA 10 6 ay7c figs-simile 0 trample them like mud Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through mud who do not care what happens to the mud. Alternate translation: “trample them until they become like mud” or 2) the people are stomping on other people so they are lying in the mud and unable to rise. This is a metaphor for completely defeating them. Alternate translation: “completely defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 6 ay7c figs-simile 0 trample them like mud Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through mud who do not care what happens to the mud. Alternate translation: “trample them until they become like mud” or (2) the people are stomping on other people so they are lying in the mud and unable to rise. This is a metaphor for completely defeating them. Alternate translation: “completely defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 7 y94n figs-explicit 0 But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way The meaning of “this” and “this way” can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 10 7 qn96 figs-doublet 0 It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many nations The words “destroy” and “eliminate” mean basically the same thing. They are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He wants to completely destroy many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 10 8 pc5q figs-rquestion 0 Are not all my princes kings? The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. Alternate translation: “I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ ISA 10 12 ly8r 0 I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of
ISA 10 13 ty9n 0 For he says “For the king of Assyria says”
ISA 10 13 f9lx figs-metonymy 0 I have removed…I have stolen Here the word “I” refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate translation: “my army has removed…They have stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 10 13 bqh5 figs-simile 0 like a bull “as strong as a bull.” Some ancient texts read, “like a mighty man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 10 13 y4e1 figs-metaphor 0 I have brought down the inhabitants Possible meanings are 1) the king of Assyria has shamed the people of the countries he conquered or 2) he has removed the kings of the nations so they no longer rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 13 y4e1 figs-metaphor 0 I have brought down the inhabitants Possible meanings are (1) the king of Assyria has shamed the people of the countries he conquered or (2) he has removed the kings of the nations so they no longer rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 13 l61t figs-synecdoche 0 I have brought Here the word “I” refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate translation: “I and my army have brought” or “we have brought (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 10 14 ni7r 0 General Information: Yahweh is still quoting the king of Assyria ([Isaiah 10:13](../10/13.md)).
ISA 10 14 a1xa figs-metonymy 0 My hand has seized The hand is a metonym for either the king’s power or his army. Alternate translation: “In my power I have seized” or “My army has seized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -665,19 +665,19 @@ ISA 10 17 xf7a figs-metaphor 0 The light of Israel will become a fire The phras
ISA 10 17 x81s 0 his Holy One a flame “I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, will become like a flame.” See how you translated “Holy One” in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 10 17 nh6j figs-metaphor 0 it will burn and devour his thorns and briers “The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria’s thorns and briars.” The speaker compares the king of Assyria’s army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 17 a8i4 figs-doublet 0 thorns…briers The words “briers” and “thorns” both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one expression. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). Alternate translation: “thorn bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 10 18 e4pz figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land Possible meaning are 1) “Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria” or 2) “Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 18 ice3 figs-merism 0 both soul and body Possible meanings are 1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: “completely” or 2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase “soul and body” refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 10 18 e4pz figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land Possible meaning are (1) “Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria” or (2) “Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 18 ice3 figs-merism 0 both soul and body Possible meanings are (1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: “completely” or (2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase “soul and body” refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 10 18 r1h9 figs-simile 0 it will be like when a sick man’s life wastes away This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. Alternate translation: “they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 10 19 li2a 0 The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few “What remains of the trees in the king’s forest will be so few”
ISA 10 20 whj2 figs-idiom 0 On that day This refers to the time when God does the things that are described in [Isaiah 10:16-19](./16.md). Alternate translation: “At that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 10 20 jx5m figs-explicit 0 that has escaped The meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “that has escaped from the army of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 10 20 t38g 0 will no longer rely on the one who defeated them “will no longer rely on the king of Assyria, who harmed them”
ISA 10 20 j4ug 0 Holy One See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 10 22 l3hy figs-you 0 your people, Israel, are Here “your” is singular. Possible interpretations are 1) God is speaking to Isaiah and “your” refers to Isaiah. Alternate translation: “your people Israel are” or 2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and “your” refers to the nation. Alternate translation: “your people, O Israel, are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 10 22 l3hy figs-you 0 your people, Israel, are Here “your” is singular. Possible interpretations are (1) God is speaking to Isaiah and “your” refers to Isaiah. Alternate translation: “your people Israel are” or (2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and “your” refers to the nation. Alternate translation: “your people, O Israel, are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 10 22 tmc6 figs-simile 0 are like the sand of the seashore This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. Alternate translation: “are too many to count, like the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 10 22 xt1x figs-activepassive 0 Destruction is decreed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 10 22 gb5g 0 as overflowing righteousness demands This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness” or “Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous”
ISA 10 23 m3jr figs-activepassive 0 carry out the destruction determined throughout the land This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do” or 2) Alternate translation: “destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 10 23 m3jr figs-activepassive 0 carry out the destruction determined throughout the land This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do” or (2) Alternate translation: “destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 10 23 b19q 0 determined “decided”
ISA 10 24 ww5n figs-personification 0 the Assyrian Isaiah speaks of the king of Assyria and his army as if he were one man. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 10 24 i2ep figs-metaphor 0 He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you The words “rod” and “staff” refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to beat animals and other people. Isaiah speaks of the way the Assyrians will rule over the Israelites as if the Assyrians were beating the Israelites with clubs. Alternate translation: “He will rule over you and make slaves of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -725,10 +725,10 @@ ISA 11 4 qt3z figs-nominaladj 0 the poor…the humble…the wicked These phrase
ISA 11 4 i8ls figs-parallelism 0 He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth…with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 11 4 t6i4 figs-metonymy 0 He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth The word “earth” here represents the people on earth. Striking them with the rod of his mouth represents judging them, and that judgement will lead to punishment. Alternate translation: “He will judge the people of the earth, and they will be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 11 4 ud4k figs-metonymy 0 with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked The “breath of his lips” represents him judging them. Alternate translation: “he will judge wicked people, and they will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 11 5 izw4 0 the belt of his waist…the belt around his hips Possible meanings are 1) the belt is used to secure one’s clothes so he can work, or 2) the belt is an undergarment, or 3) the belt is a sash that a king wears to show his authority.
ISA 11 5 d2b4 figs-metaphor 0 Righteousness will be the belt of his waist Wearing righteousness like a belt represents being righteous. Possible meanings are 1) the king’s righteousness will enable him to rule. Alternate translation: “His righteousness will be a like a belt around his waist” or 2) the king’s righteousness would show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “He will rule righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 11 5 izw4 0 the belt of his waist…the belt around his hips Possible meanings are (1) the belt is used to secure one’s clothes so he can work, or (2) the belt is an undergarment, or (3) the belt is a sash that a king wears to show his authority.
ISA 11 5 d2b4 figs-metaphor 0 Righteousness will be the belt of his waist Wearing righteousness like a belt represents being righteous. Possible meanings are (1) the king’s righteousness will enable him to rule. Alternate translation: “His righteousness will be a like a belt around his waist” or (2) the king’s righteousness would show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “He will rule righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 11 5 xpa4 figs-ellipsis 0 faithfulness the belt around his hips The words “will be” are understood in this phrase. Alternate translation: “faithfulness will be the belt around his hips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 11 5 z7kt figs-metaphor 0 faithfulness the belt around his hips Wearing faithfulness like a belt represents being faithful. Possible meanings are 1) the king’s faithfulness will enable him to rule, or 2) the king’s faithfulness will show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “his faithfulness will be a like a belt around his hips” or “he will rule faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 11 5 z7kt figs-metaphor 0 faithfulness the belt around his hips Wearing faithfulness like a belt represents being faithful. Possible meanings are (1) the king’s faithfulness will enable him to rule, or (2) the king’s faithfulness will show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “his faithfulness will be a like a belt around his hips” or “he will rule faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 11 6 x4db 0 General Information: Isaiah describes what the world will be like when the king rules. There will be complete peace in the world. This is shown by the peace that there will be even among animals. Animals that normally kill other animals will not kill them, and they will all be safe together.
ISA 11 6 vib1 figs-genericnoun 0 The wolf…the leopard…the young lion These phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific wolf or leopard. These are all strong animals that attack and eat other animals. Alternate translation: “Wolves…leopards…young lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 11 6 ns1s figs-genericnoun 0 the lamb…the young goat…the calf…the fattened calf The phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific lamb or goat. These are all animals that eat grass and straw. Other animals sometimes attack and eat them. Alternate translation: “lambs…young goats…calves…fattened calves…Cows…oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ ISA 11 10 x6gn figs-simile 0 will stand as a banner for the peoples A banner is
ISA 11 10 e7wp 0 The nations “The people of the nations”
ISA 11 11 g27p figs-metonymy 0 the Lord will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people The hand is a reference to God’s power. Alternate translation: “the Lord will again use his power to bring back the remnant of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 11 11 nr2i translate-names 0 Pathros…Elam…Hamath These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 11 12 f68i figs-metaphor 0 He will set up a banner for the nations Possible meanings are 1) “The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations” or 2) “The king will set up a banner for the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 11 12 f68i figs-metaphor 0 He will set up a banner for the nations Possible meanings are (1) “The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations” or (2) “The king will set up a banner for the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 11 12 n5uv 0 a banner for the nations “a flag for the nations to see” or “a flag to call the nations to himself”
ISA 11 12 wg94 0 the dispersed of Judah “the people of Judah who had been scattered around the world”
ISA 11 12 n4s1 figs-synecdoche 0 from the four corners of the earth The earth is pictured as if it has four corners, and those corners are its most distant places. This refers to everywhere on earth where those people might be. Alternate translation: “from even the most distant places of the earth” or “from all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ ISA 13 intro qak7 0 # Isaiah 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
ISA 13 1 ifl8 figs-metonymy 0 about Babylon The name of the city stands for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “about the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 13 1 t34a translate-names 0 Amoz Amoz was the father of Isaiah. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 13 2 she6 0 cry aloud to them The word “them” refers to soldiers from another country.
ISA 13 2 dkx5 figs-metonymy 0 the gates of the nobles Possible meanings are 1) “the gates of Babylon where the nobles live” or 2) “the gates of the nobles’ large houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 13 2 dkx5 figs-metonymy 0 the gates of the nobles Possible meanings are (1) “the gates of Babylon where the nobles live” or (2) “the gates of the nobles’ large houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 13 2 tsg1 0 the nobles “the respected people” or “the rulers”
ISA 13 3 tw9g 0 my holy ones “the ones I have set apart for myself” or “the army that I have set apart for myself”
ISA 13 3 mlu4 figs-metonymy 0 I have called my mighty men to execute my anger Executing God’s anger represents punishing people because of God’s anger. Alternate translation: “I have called my mighty soldiers to punish the people of Babylon because they have made me angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ ISA 13 7 cd7a 0 all hands hang limp This shows that all the people are very we
ISA 13 7 zbv6 figs-metaphor 0 every heart melts People being terribly afraid is spoken of as if their hearts melt. Alternate translation: “everyone is terribly afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 13 8 cx1n figs-personification 0 pain and agony will seize them People suddenly feeling terrible pain and sorrow is spoken of as if the pains and sorrows were people who grab them. Alternate translation: “they will suddenly feel terrible pain and agony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 13 8 f5tf figs-metaphor 0 like a woman in labor Being in labor represents giving birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman giving birth to a baby” or “like the pain of a woman who is giving birth to a baby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 13 8 ixg7 figs-metaphor 0 their faces will be aflame Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are 1) the people are very afraid or 2) the people feel ashamed or 3) the people cry. Alternate translation: “their faces will be hot and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 13 8 ixg7 figs-metaphor 0 their faces will be aflame Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are (1) the people are very afraid or (2) the people feel ashamed or (3) the people cry. Alternate translation: “their faces will be hot and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 13 9 wx9a figs-metaphor 0 the day of Yahweh comes with cruel wrath and overflowing anger The day coming with wrath and anger means that there will be wrath and anger on that day. The abstract nouns “wrath” and “anger” can be expressed with the adjectives “furious” and “angry.” Alternate translation: “on the day of Yahweh, he will be furious and extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 13 9 g4nq figs-metaphor 0 overflowing anger Anger here is spoken of as if the one who is angry is a container filled with anger. Overflowing anger means that he is extremely angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 13 9 i8e4 figs-abstractnouns 0 to make the land a desolation This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “desolation” is expressed with the verb “ruin.” Alternate translation: “to ruin the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -881,8 +881,8 @@ ISA 14 13 fr5j 0 in the far reaches of the north “in the most northern place
ISA 14 15 ytw5 0 Connecting Statement: This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon.
ISA 14 15 lyk7 figs-activepassive 0 Yet you are now brought down to Sheol This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But now God has sent you down to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 14 16 ne9m figs-rquestion 0 Is this the man The people will use this question either to mock the king of Babylon, or to express their shock at what has happened to him. Alternate translation: “Surely, this is not the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 14 16 uu7r figs-metonymy 0 who made the earth tremble Possible meanings are 1) the earth trembled as the king’s army marched to conquer people, or 2) this refers to the people of the earth trembling in fear of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 14 16 i1pd figs-metaphor 0 shook kingdoms Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for “conquered kingdoms” or 2) this is metonymy for “terrified the people of kingdoms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 14 16 uu7r figs-metonymy 0 who made the earth tremble Possible meanings are (1) the earth trembled as the king’s army marched to conquer people, or (2) this refers to the people of the earth trembling in fear of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 14 16 i1pd figs-metaphor 0 shook kingdoms Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for “conquered kingdoms” or (2) this is metonymy for “terrified the people of kingdoms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 14 17 n2f9 0 who made the world like a wilderness “who made the places where people lived into a wilderness”
ISA 14 18 hj9m 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon.
ISA 14 18 k97g figs-explicit 0 all of them lie down in honor This means that their bodies were buried in an honorable way. Alternate translation: “all the kings who have died are buried in an honorable way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ ISA 14 30 nhy1 figs-metaphor 0 I will kill your root with famine that will put
ISA 14 31 i9fx figs-metonymy 0 Howl, gate; cry, city Here “gate” and “city” represent the people at the city gates and in the cities. “Howl, you people at the city gates; cry, you people in the cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 14 31 t4fi figs-metaphor 0 you will melt away Melting away represents becoming weak because of fear. Alternate translation: “you will grow weak with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 14 31 re77 figs-explicit 0 For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke This implies that a large army is coming from the north. Alternate translation: “For from the north comes a large army with a cloud of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 14 31 m73z figs-metaphor 0 a cloud of smoke Possible meanings are 1) this represents a cloud of dust that the army stirs up as they travel on dry dirt roads. Alternate translation: “a cloud of dust” or 2) there is a lot of smoke because of all the things that the army destroys and burns. Alternate translation: “much smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 14 31 m73z figs-metaphor 0 a cloud of smoke Possible meanings are (1) this represents a cloud of dust that the army stirs up as they travel on dry dirt roads. Alternate translation: “a cloud of dust” or (2) there is a lot of smoke because of all the things that the army destroys and burns. Alternate translation: “much smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 14 31 az3q 0 there is no straggler in his ranks “no one in his ranks walks slowly behind the others”
ISA 14 32 ld7h figs-rquestion 0 How will they respond to the messengers of that nation? The author uses this question to introduce his instruction about how the Israelites should speak to the messengers. Alternate translation: “This is how we will answer the messengers of Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 14 32 geq9 0 Yahweh has founded Zion “Yahweh started Zion”
@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ ISA 16 5 v5l7 figs-metonymy 0 one from David’s tent will faithfully sit there
ISA 16 5 e78m figs-metaphor 0 as he seeks justice Seeking justice represents wanting to do what is just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 16 6 fy9x 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)).
ISA 16 6 k39y figs-metonymy 0 We have heard of Moab’s pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger The words “Moab’s” and “his” refer to the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, boastful and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 6 w42t 0 We have heard Possible meanings are that 1) Isaiah is speaking and “We” refers to him and the people of Judah, or 2) God is speaking and “We” refers to God.
ISA 16 6 w42t 0 We have heard Possible meanings are that (1) Isaiah is speaking and “We” refers to him and the people of Judah, or (2) God is speaking and “We” refers to God.
ISA 16 6 h6ze 0 But his boastings are empty words “But what they say about themselves means nothing” or “But what they boast about is not true”
ISA 16 7 p8b8 figs-metonymy 0 So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail “Moab” represents the people of Moab. “So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 7 pea5 0 for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth “because there are no raisin cakes in Kir Hareseth”
@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ ISA 17 13 ls6k figs-parallelism 0 before the wind like chaff on the mountains
ISA 17 14 jpf9 figs-metaphor 0 This is the portion of those What happens to them is spoken of as if it is a portion that they inherit. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 17 14 i9ms 0 loot us…rob us The word “us” refers to Isaiah and the people of Judah.
ISA 18 intro qz72 0 # Isaiah 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cush<br>This chapter records prophecies against the nation of Cush. They are being punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>This chapter uses many metaphors to describe the destruction coming to the people of Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
ISA 18 1 w55y figs-metaphor 0 Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is along the rivers of Cush Possible meanings of “the rustling of wings” are 1) the boats that have sails are spoken of as having wings. Alternate translation: “Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Cush, whose many ships look like insects on the water” or 2) the rustling of wings refers to the noise of insects that have wings, perhaps locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 18 1 w55y figs-metaphor 0 Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is along the rivers of Cush Possible meanings of “the rustling of wings” are (1) the boats that have sails are spoken of as having wings. Alternate translation: “Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Cush, whose many ships look like insects on the water” or (2) the rustling of wings refers to the noise of insects that have wings, perhaps locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 18 2 fa3r figs-metaphor 0 by the sea The Nile River was very wide, and people in Egypt and Cush referred to it as “the sea.” Alternate translation: “on the great river” or “along the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 18 2 na6w translate-unknown 0 vessels of papyrus Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People bound together papyrus bundles to make boats. Alternate translation: “papyrus boats” or “boats made of reeds” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 18 2 v2kg 0 a nation tall and smooth…a people feared far and near…a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide These phrases all describe the people of one nation.
@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ ISA 19 2 usw7 figs-metonymy 0 kingdom against kingdom The word “kingdom” re
ISA 19 3 k6nj figs-personification 0 The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within. I will destroy his advice The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 19 3 h9az figs-activepassive 0 The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 19 3 t2yv 0 I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of…spiritualists “They sought the advice of…spiritualists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice”
ISA 19 3 j1kh figs-abstractnouns 0 I will destroy his advice Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or 2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “advice” is expressed as the verb “advise.” Alternate translation: “I will confuse those who advise the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 19 3 j1kh figs-abstractnouns 0 I will destroy his advice Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or (2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “advice” is expressed as the verb “advise.” Alternate translation: “I will confuse those who advise the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 19 3 cz3n 0 mediums…spiritualists These are people who claim to speak with those who have died.
ISA 19 4 e7zd figs-metonymy 0 I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 19 4 f37v figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ ISA 19 23 h5zp figs-ellipsis 0 the Egyptian to Assyria The words “will come
ISA 19 23 vjm5 figs-genericnoun 0 the Egyptian This refers to a person from Egypt, but represents anyone from Egypt who comes to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 19 23 vdk8 figs-explicit 0 the Egyptians will worship with the Assyrians The object of their worship can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians and Assyrians will worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 19 24 x4sx figs-metonymy 0 Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria The names of the three nations represent the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “the Israelites will be the third with the Egyptians and Assyrians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 19 24 d63v translate-ordinal 0 be the third with Possible meanings are 1) “join together with” or 2) “be the third blessing with” or 3) “be equal to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ISA 19 24 d63v translate-ordinal 0 be the third with Possible meanings are (1) “join together with” or (2) “be the third blessing with” or (3) “be equal to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ISA 19 25 ial4 figs-metonymy 0 Blessed be Egypt, my people; Assyria, the work of my hands; and Israel, my inheritance The names of the three nations refer to the people of those nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have blessed you, people of Egypt, because you are my people; and I have blessed you, people of Assyria, because I created you; and I have blessed you, people of Israel, because I securely possess you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 19 25 hd4u figs-metonymy 0 the work of my hands Here “hands” refers to God’s power and action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 20 intro qqp3 0 # Isaiah 20 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Naked and barefoot<br>This is an image used in this chapter to describe Assyria’s victory over Egypt and Ethiopia. While they will be defeated, they will not be totally destroyed. Instead, they will be left with nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
@ -1229,9 +1229,9 @@ ISA 22 4 ud7n 0 Therefore I said Here “I” refers to Isaiah.
ISA 22 4 yy7y figs-metonymy 0 of the daughter of my people Here “daughter” represents the people and may imply Isaiah’s feeling of love for them. Alternate translation: “of my people whom I love” or “of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 22 5 mv8s 0 For there is a day “For there will be a time”
ISA 22 5 b51a 0 of tumult, treading down, and confusion for the Lord Yahweh of hosts “when the Lord Yahweh of hosts will cause panic, treading down, and confusion”
ISA 22 5 p1ny 0 treading down Possible meanings are 1) this refers to soldiers marching or 2) people in general are running in panic and not sure where to go.
ISA 22 5 p1ny 0 treading down Possible meanings are (1) this refers to soldiers marching or (2) people in general are running in panic and not sure where to go.
ISA 22 5 nbr9 0 in the Valley of Vision This refers to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 22:1](../22/01.md).
ISA 22 5 q2i2 0 people crying out to the mountains Possible meanings are 1) “people in the mountains will hear their cries” or 2) “the people’s cries will echo off the mountains”
ISA 22 5 q2i2 0 people crying out to the mountains Possible meanings are (1) “people in the mountains will hear their cries” or (2) “the people’s cries will echo off the mountains”
ISA 22 6 qte5 figs-metonymy 0 Elam takes up the quiver The quiver is a bag to carry arrows and represents the archer’s weapons. Alternate translation: “The soldiers of Elam take their bows and arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 6 v2pq figs-metonymy 0 Kir lays the shield bare Here “Kir” represents the soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers of Kir will take their shields out of their covers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 6 x6a2 translate-names 0 Kir Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1245,13 +1245,13 @@ ISA 22 10 maq8 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to de
ISA 22 10 ypg7 0 You counted the houses Here “counted” means they inspected the houses to find material to help them rebuild the city wall.
ISA 22 11 by9j 0 You made a reservoir “You made a storage place”
ISA 22 11 jt97 0 between the two walls It is unclear what two walls Isaiah meant. The main point is that they built the reservoir within the city walls.
ISA 22 11 a66l 0 the city’s maker Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the original human builder of the city or 2) this refers to Yahweh.
ISA 22 11 a66l 0 the city’s maker Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the original human builder of the city or (2) this refers to Yahweh.
ISA 22 12 x4ws 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
ISA 22 12 h6es translate-symaction 0 for shaved heads This was a sign of mourning and repenting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ISA 22 13 ct44 figs-metonymy 0 let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we will die Here “eat and drink” represents having a party and over indulging in food and wine. Alternate translation: “we may as well have fun now by eating and drinking all we want, for we will die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 14 f7iw figs-synecdoche 0 This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hosts Here “ears” represents Isaiah as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts revealed this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 22 14 g3sh figs-activepassive 0 Surely this iniquity will not be forgiven you, even when you die This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Surely I will not forgive you for these sinful things you have done, even when you die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 22 14 bmu5 0 even when you die Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will never forgive them, even after they die or 2) Yahweh will not forgive them until they die.
ISA 22 14 bmu5 0 even when you die Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will never forgive them, even after they die or (2) Yahweh will not forgive them until they die.
ISA 22 15 v7mw translate-names 0 Shebna This is the name of the manager of the king’s palace in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 22 15 lkg6 figs-metonymy 0 who is over the house Here “house” represents those in the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “who is in charge of all those who work in the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 16 ly8w figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing here and who gave you permission…in the rock? Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. Alternate translation: “You have no right…in the rock!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ ISA 23 3 z18x translate-names 0 Upon the great waters was the grain of Shihor S
ISA 23 3 jsl4 figs-possession 0 the harvest of the Nile was her produce The “harvest of the Nile” refers to the grain that was harvested near the Nile River and transported on the river and then to Phoenicia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
ISA 23 3 yvg2 0 her produce “its produce.” It was common to refer to the river as “her.”
ISA 23 3 hf67 figs-metonymy 0 it became the commerce of the nations Commerce is the activity of buying and selling goods. Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “you were where people from other nations came to buy and sell goods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 23 4 er55 figs-personification 0 for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea…nor brought up young women Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 23 4 er55 figs-personification 0 for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea…nor brought up young women Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or (2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 23 6 bk9d 0 Cross over to Tarshish “Make your way to Tarshish.” Tarshish was the farthest land the people of Tyre traveled to do business. It will be the only place of safety for those who escape from Tyre.
ISA 23 7 m498 figs-rquestion 0 Has this happened to you, the joyful city, whose origin is from ancient times…to settle? Yahweh uses a question to mock Tyre. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This has indeed happened to you who were full of joy in the ancient city of Tyre…to settle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 23 7 md2c figs-metonymy 0 the joyful city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the joyful people who live in the city of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ ISA 23 8 irz8 figs-metaphor 0 whose merchants are princes The merchants are com
ISA 23 8 qwj2 figs-activepassive 0 whose traders are the honored ones of the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whose traders the people of the earth give the highest honors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 23 9 h693 0 to dishonor her pride and all her glory “to dishonor them because they were proud of their own glory”
ISA 23 9 fxa3 figs-metonymy 0 her pride…her glory…her honored ones Here “her” refers to the city of Tyre which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “their pride…their glory…their honored one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 23 10 h9st figs-simile 0 Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre Possible meanings are 1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre or 2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre’s control. Alternate translation: “Pass through your land like a river, daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 23 10 h9st figs-simile 0 Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre or (2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre’s control. Alternate translation: “Pass through your land like a river, daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 23 10 kfi3 figs-metonymy 0 daughter of Tarshish The “daughter” of a city represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “the people of Tarshish” or “the people who live in Tarshish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 23 11 tv4t figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has reached out with his hand over the sea, and he has shaken the kingdoms Yahweh using his power to control the sea and the people of mighty kingdoms is spoken of as if Yahweh reached out his hand and shook kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 23 11 vi8e figs-metonymy 0 has reached out with his hand over the sea Here “hand” refers to God’s power and control. Alternate translation: “has shown his power over the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ ISA 24 8 aw8w figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to des
ISA 24 8 bpd3 0 tambourines…lyre These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
ISA 24 10 cw66 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 24 10 nje8 figs-activepassive 0 The city of chaos has been broken down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will break down the city of chaos” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 24 10 q3a5 0 The city of chaos Possible meanings are 1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or 2)the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general.
ISA 24 10 q3a5 0 The city of chaos Possible meanings are (1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or (2) the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general.
ISA 24 10 rk9d figs-activepassive 0 every house is closed up and empty This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will close up their houses and leave them empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 24 11 s8c8 0 because of the wine “because there is no wine”
ISA 24 11 wxr1 figs-parallelism 0 all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “all joy will be gone from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1465,12 +1465,12 @@ ISA 26 18 qd8n figs-metonymy 0 We have not brought salvation to the earth, and
ISA 26 18 v5pe figs-abstractnouns 0 We have not brought salvation to the earth This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “salvation” is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 26 18 il5k 0 and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen “nor have we caused the wicked people of the world to fall in battle”
ISA 26 19 tuj5 figs-nominaladj 0 Your dead will live This can be reworded so that the nominal adjective “dead” is expressed as the verb “have died.” Alternate translation: “Your people who have died will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 26 19 ak1f 0 Your dead Possible meanings are 1) “Your” refers to Yahweh or 2) “Your” refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as “Our dead.”
ISA 26 19 ak1f 0 Your dead Possible meanings are (1) “Your” refers to Yahweh or (2) “Your” refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as “Our dead.”
ISA 26 19 d48t figs-metaphor 0 Awake This speaks of dead people coming back to life as if they were waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 26 19 cvc4 figs-euphemism 0 you who live in the dust This is a polite way of referring to those who have died. Alternate translation: “those who are dead and buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ISA 26 19 zv5y figs-metaphor 0 for your dew is the dew of light Yahweh acting kindly towards his people and bringing them back to life is spoken of as if it were the dew that causes the plants to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 26 19 gnz9 0 for your dew Possible meanings are 1) “your” refers to Yahweh and this is the dew that Yahweh gives or 2) “your” refers to the people of Israel and this is the dew they receive from Yahweh.
ISA 26 19 m8v6 0 dew of light Possible meanings are 1) “light” refers to Yahweh’s power to make dead people alive again. Alternate translation: “dew from Yahweh” or 2) “light” refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. Alternate translation: “dew in the morning”
ISA 26 19 gnz9 0 for your dew Possible meanings are (1) “your” refers to Yahweh and this is the dew that Yahweh gives or (2) “your” refers to the people of Israel and this is the dew they receive from Yahweh.
ISA 26 19 m8v6 0 dew of light Possible meanings are (1) “light” refers to Yahweh’s power to make dead people alive again. Alternate translation: “dew from Yahweh” or (2) “light” refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. Alternate translation: “dew in the morning”
ISA 26 19 gb4p figs-metaphor 0 the earth will bring forth its dead “the earth will give birth to those who died.” Yahweh causing dead people to come back to life is spoken of as if the earth would give birth to those who have died. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will cause those who have died to rise from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 26 20 z699 0 my people Here “my” refers to Isaiah. Also “people” refers to the people of Israel.
ISA 26 20 k2ad figs-abstractnouns 0 until the indignation has passed by Translate the abstract noun “indignation” as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “until Yahweh is no longer angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ ISA 27 7 ukm8 figs-activepassive 0 Have Jacob and Israel been killed as in the
ISA 27 8 f4he figs-you 0 In exact measure you have contended Here “you” refers to God. Yahweh punishing his people as much as they needed is spoken of as if God’s punishment were something that could be measured. Alternate translation: “But you did punish them as much as was needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 27 8 kfc2 figs-metonymy 0 sending Jacob and Israel away This represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “sending the Israelites away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 27 8 rqg2 figs-metaphor 0 he drove them away with his fierce breath in the day of the east wind Yahweh’s power to send his people away to a foreign country is spoken of as if Yahweh used his breath to blow them to a foreign country. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh drove them out like a fierce wind from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 27 9 nf4r 0 So in this way Possible meanings are 1) “this” refers to Yahweh sending the people into exile as Isaiah mentioned in the previous verse or 2) “this” refers to the actions that Isaiah will mention in the next part of verse 9.
ISA 27 9 nf4r 0 So in this way Possible meanings are (1) “this” refers to Yahweh sending the people into exile as Isaiah mentioned in the previous verse or (2) “this” refers to the actions that Isaiah will mention in the next part of verse 9.
ISA 27 9 l9b7 figs-activepassive 0 the iniquity of Jacob will be atoned for This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purge the sin from the Israelites” or “Yahweh will forgive the sins of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 27 9 yjh1 figs-metonymy 0 iniquity of Jacob…removal of his sin Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “iniquity of the Israelites…removal of their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 27 9 mn35 0 for this will be Here “this” refers to the actions that Isaiah will describe in the next part of verse 9.
@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ ISA 27 10 mv1s figs-genericnoun 0 a calf feeds, and there he lies down and cons
ISA 27 11 k9fn figs-metaphor 0 When the boughs…not a people of understanding The people becoming so weak because they disobey Yahweh so that enemies can easily destroy them is spoken of as if they are dry branches that women break off of a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 27 11 k85z figs-activepassive 0 When the boughs are withered, they will be broken off. Women will come and make fires with them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When the branches wither, women will come and break them off and make fires with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 27 11 pi5e figs-explicit 0 this is not a people of understanding This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 27 11 js5n 0 a people Possible meanings are 1) “people” refers to the people of Israel or 2) “people” refers the people of foreign nations who oppress the people of Israel.
ISA 27 11 js5n 0 a people Possible meanings are (1) “people” refers to the people of Israel or (2) “people” refers the people of foreign nations who oppress the people of Israel.
ISA 27 11 v3yx figs-parallelism 0 Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them, and he who made them will not be merciful to them Both clauses mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because they do not understand, Yahweh, the one who made them, will not be merciful to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 27 12 f19u 0 It will come about This phrase marks an important event that will happen.
ISA 27 12 g87l 0 on that day “at that time”
@ -1564,10 +1564,10 @@ ISA 28 13 i6sd figs-activepassive 0 so that they may go and fall backward, and
ISA 28 13 b7le figs-metaphor 0 go and fall backward, and be broken People losing in battle to the enemy army is spoken of as if the people will fall down and break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 13 c32b figs-metaphor 0 ensnared The enemy soldiers capturing the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were hunters that catch an animal in a snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 14 y37t 0 So listen to the word of Yahweh “So listen to Yahweh’s message”
ISA 28 15 u1bd figs-parallelism 0 We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol we have reached an agreement Both of these statements mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Jerusalem have used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 15 u1bd figs-parallelism 0 We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol we have reached an agreement Both of these statements mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) the leaders of Jerusalem have used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 15 x2p3 figs-metaphor 0 So when the overwhelming whip passes through, it will not reach us This speaks of Yahweh’s judgment and punishment as if it were a whip that would strike the people. And the whip is spoken of as if it were a flood that would pass through Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “As a result, when everyone else is suffering and dying, nothing will harm us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 15 r8ix figs-parallelism 0 For we have made a lie our refuge, and taken shelter in falsehood These two phrases mean basically the same thing. A “lie” and “falsehood” are spoken of as if they were places where a person could go to hide. The leaders in Jerusalem would not have said they trust in a lie. They believed they were truly safe. But Isaiah knows they are not safe, because they trust in lies. Alternate translation: “For lies and falsehoods have become like a place where we can hide from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 15 ux1b 0 a lie our refuge…taken shelter in falsehood Possible meanings are 1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or 2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or 3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe.
ISA 28 15 ux1b 0 a lie our refuge…taken shelter in falsehood Possible meanings are (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe.
ISA 28 16 ff3c 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
ISA 28 16 tf5e figs-metaphor 0 I will lay in Zion a foundation stone…sure foundation Yahweh sending a strong person to help the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh is constructing a strong foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 16 js3j 0 a tried stone “a stone that is solid”
@ -1578,14 +1578,14 @@ ISA 28 17 yd66 figs-metaphor 0 I will make justice the measuring stick, and rig
ISA 28 17 xhn1 0 the measuring stick A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length.
ISA 28 17 l2vf 0 the plumbline A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight and level.
ISA 28 17 xg82 figs-metaphor 0 Hail will sweep away Yahweh causing a large amount of hail to fall is spoken of as if it would be an overwhelming flood. Alternate translation: “Hailstorms will destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 17 gv6t figs-synecdoche 0 Hail…the floodwaters Possible meanings are 1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 17 gv6t figs-synecdoche 0 Hail…the floodwaters Possible meanings are (1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 17 hi3p 0 Hail hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky
ISA 28 17 adc4 figs-metaphor 0 the refuge of lies…the hiding place This speaks about “lies” as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh’s punishment. Possible meanings are 1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or 2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or 3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 28 17 adc4 figs-metaphor 0 the refuge of lies…the hiding place This speaks about “lies” as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh’s punishment. Possible meanings are (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 28 18 l9w6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 28 18 ah82 figs-activepassive 0 Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cancel the covenant you have with death, and I will cancel the agreement you have with Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 28 18 fvw2 figs-metaphor 0 covenant with death…agreement with Sheol Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or 2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 18 fvw2 figs-metaphor 0 covenant with death…agreement with Sheol Possible meanings are (1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 18 n9he 0 will not stand “will not last”
ISA 28 18 mry1 figs-synecdoche 0 When the raging flood passes through Possible meanings are 1) “flood” is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) “flood” is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 18 mry1 figs-synecdoche 0 When the raging flood passes through Possible meanings are (1) “flood” is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) “flood” is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 18 var2 figs-activepassive 0 you will be overwhelmed by it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will overwhelm you” or “it will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 28 19 g9nc figs-idiom 0 morning by morning This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 28 19 g4wk figs-merism 0 by day and night This means “throughout the entire day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ ISA 29 4 ak9b figs-simile 0 will speak from the ground; your speech will be low
ISA 29 5 ei77 figs-simile 0 The great number of your invaders will become like fine dust, and the multitude of the ruthless ones as chaff that passes away This emphasizes how weak and insignificant the invading army is before God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will easily remove the horde of your invaders and the multitude of the ruthless ones”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 29 5 w2d7 0 great number of your invaders “many soldiers that will attack you”
ISA 29 5 vl7f figs-ellipsis 0 the ruthless ones as chaff The translator can supply the verb “will become.” Alternate translation: “the soldiers who show you no mercy will become as chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 29 6 gh4q figs-you 0 Yahweh of hosts will come to you The word “you” refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh of hosts will come to help you” or 2) “Yahweh of hosts will come to punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 29 6 gh4q figs-you 0 Yahweh of hosts will come to you The word “you” refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh of hosts will come to help you” or (2) “Yahweh of hosts will come to punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 29 7 th7g figs-doublet 0 It will be like a dream, a vision of the night The phrase “a vision of the night” is the same thing as “a dream.” The two phrases emphasize that soon it will be like the invading army was never there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 29 7 l4s8 0 A horde of all the nations “Large armies from all the nations”
ISA 29 7 t56e figs-metonymy 0 fight against Ariel The name “Ariel” is another name for Jerusalem, and it represents the people who live there. See how you translated “Ariel” in [Isaiah 29:1](../29/01.md). Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ariel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1662,9 +1662,9 @@ ISA 29 15 mt4k figs-rquestion 0 Who sees us, and who knows us? They use a quest
ISA 29 16 tt3j figs-idiom 0 You turn things upside down This is an idiom that means to distort what is true. Alternate translation: “You make things opposite of the way they should be” or “You distort the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 29 16 ak5f figs-metaphor 0 Should the potter be considered like clay, so that the thing that is made should say about him who made it…“He does not understand”? Yahweh who created humans is spoken of as if he were a potter and humans were the clay. This metaphor emphasizes that it is foolish for humans to reject or criticize the one who created them. Alternate translation: “Should you consider me, your maker, to be like the clay rather than the potter? It is as if a potter created something, and that thing said about the potter, ‘He did not make me,’ or ‘He does not understand.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 29 16 m1ba figs-rquestion 0 Should the potter be considered like clay…“He does not understand”? This question is used to scold the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Obviously, the potter should not be considered like clay…‘He does not understand.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 29 17 vcq7 figs-metaphor 0 Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest Possible meanings are 1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause the places where trees grew wild in Lebanon to become fruitful fields or 2) this is a metaphor and the large forests of Lebanon represent powerful oppressors, and the crops that grow in the field and become a forest are the common people who are suffering. This means Yahweh will humble those who are powerful, but he will honor those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 29 17 vcq7 figs-metaphor 0 Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest Possible meanings are (1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause the places where trees grew wild in Lebanon to become fruitful fields or (2) this is a metaphor and the large forests of Lebanon represent powerful oppressors, and the crops that grow in the field and become a forest are the common people who are suffering. This means Yahweh will humble those who are powerful, but he will honor those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 29 17 p68s figs-metonymy 0 Lebanon will be turned into a field Here “Lebanon” represents the large cedar forests in Lebanon. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will turn the mighty forests of Lebanon into a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 29 18 q8r1 figs-metaphor 0 the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness Possible meanings are 1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause deaf people to hear and blind people to see or 2) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will enable the people to hear and understand his message or 3) it may mean both options 1 and 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 29 18 q8r1 figs-metaphor 0 the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness Possible meanings are (1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause deaf people to hear and blind people to see or (2) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will enable the people to hear and understand his message or (3) it may mean both options 1 and 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 29 18 d7au figs-synecdoche 0 the eyes of the blind Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “those who are blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 29 19 y383 figs-parallelism 0 The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “The poor and oppressed people will again be happy because of what Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 29 20 st9w figs-nominaladj 0 For the ruthless will cease The nominal adjective “the ruthless” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For the ruthless people will cease” or “For there will no longer be cruel people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ ISA 30 11 x6bb figs-metaphor 0 Turn aside from the way, stray off the path How
ISA 30 11 s3c9 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 30 12 c9xs 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 30 12 q3x7 0 you reject this word “you reject this message”
ISA 30 12 hd23 figs-metonymy 0 trust in oppression and deceit and lean on it Possible meanings are 1) the leaders of Judah are trusting in the Egyptian leaders who rule by oppressing and deceiving others or 2) the leaders of Judah have oppressed and deceived their own people in order to take their money and send it to the Egyptians leaders as payment for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 30 12 hd23 figs-metonymy 0 trust in oppression and deceit and lean on it Possible meanings are (1) the leaders of Judah are trusting in the Egyptian leaders who rule by oppressing and deceiving others or (2) the leaders of Judah have oppressed and deceived their own people in order to take their money and send it to the Egyptians leaders as payment for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 30 12 t871 figs-123person 0 lean on it Here the word “it” refers to “oppression and deceit.” Alternate translation: “lean on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 30 12 km37 figs-idiom 0 lean on This is an idiom that means to trust or rely on something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 30 13 f58j figs-simile 0 so this sin will be to you like a broken part…in an instant This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@ ISA 33 2 ktn1 figs-metonymy 0 be our arm Here Yahweh’s arm refers to his stre
ISA 33 2 k72t figs-synecdoche 0 every morning This refers to the whole day, not just the morning. Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 33 2 zfi5 figs-ellipsis 0 our salvation This understood verb “be” may be supplied. Also, the word “salvation” may be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “be our salvation” or “save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 33 2 vt7m figs-possession 0 in the time of trouble This refers to the times when they are experiencing trouble. Alternate translation: ““when we have troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
ISA 33 3 bxw1 figs-explicit 0 At the loud noise the peoples flee Possible meanings of “the loud noise” are 1) it refers to Yahweh’s voice. Alternate translation: “The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice” or 2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh’s army. Alternate translation: “The people flee at the sound of your army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 33 3 bxw1 figs-explicit 0 At the loud noise the peoples flee Possible meanings of “the loud noise” are (1) it refers to Yahweh’s voice. Alternate translation: “The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice” or (2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh’s army. Alternate translation: “The people flee at the sound of your army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 33 3 mt58 figs-idiom 0 arise This means to begin doing something. Alternate translation: “begin acting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 33 3 bws5 figs-activepassive 0 the nations are scattered This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “the nations scatter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 33 4 jx3k figs-simile 0 Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather; as locusts leap, men leap on it This compares how quick and eager Yahweh’s people are when they gather the spoils from their enemies to the eagerness of locusts when they gather food. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your people gather spoils from your enemies with the same fierceness as the locusts have who devour green plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@ ISA 33 20 z75i figs-metaphor 0 whose stakes will never be pulled up nor will an
ISA 33 21 js4c figs-inclusive 0 Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams Here “us” refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This speaks of the safety of living with Yahweh as if it were a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who is majestic will be with us, and we will be safe as if we were in a place surrounded by broad rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 33 21 z6si 0 will travel it “will travel the river”
ISA 33 22 x9zc figs-inclusive 0 our…us This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ISA 33 23 er96 figs-metaphor 0 Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail Possible meanings: 1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](../33/01.md)) or 2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: “You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies” ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 33 23 er96 figs-metaphor 0 Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail Possible meanings: (1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](../33/01.md)) or (2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: “You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies” ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 33 23 b3bn 0 mast tall poles that support the sail
ISA 33 23 l3q9 0 sail a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water
ISA 33 23 a64j figs-activepassive 0 when the great spoil is divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when they divide the treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@ ISA 34 17 f3tu figs-idiom 0 from generation to generation they will The phrase
ISA 35 intro wlq4 0 # Isaiah 35 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Reign of the Messiah<br>This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br>
ISA 35 1 s4b3 figs-personification 0 The wilderness and the Arabah will be glad; and the desert will rejoice These two phrases have basically the same meaning. These places are described as being glad, like a person is glad, because they have received water and are blossoming. Alternate translation: “It will be like the wilderness and the Arabah are glad and the desert will rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 35 1 pis9 figs-synecdoche 0 blossom This speaks of the plants in the desert blossoming as if the desert itself were blossoming. Alternate translation: “its plants will blossom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 35 2 f7wa figs-simile 0 it will blossom abundantly This compares the way the plants of the desert blossom to the way a rose (verse 1) has many blossoms. Alternate translation: “The desert will grow many new plants and trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 35 2 f7wa figs-simile 0 it will blossom abundantly This compares the way the plants of the desert blossom to the way a rose (verse (1) has many blossoms. Alternate translation: “The desert will grow many new plants and trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 35 2 eqm8 figs-personification 0 and rejoice with joy and singing This speaks of the desert as if it were happy and singing like a person. Alternate translation: “it will be as though everything is rejoicing and singing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 35 2 tt4e figs-activepassive 0 the glory of Lebanon will be given to it This can be stated in active form. This speaks of Yahweh making the desert looks as glorious as Lebanon as if he were giving the desert Lebanon’s glory. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give it the glory of Lebanon” or “Yahweh will make it as glorious as Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 35 2 cy7n figs-metaphor 0 the splendor of Carmel and Sharon This speaks of Yahweh making the desert look beautiful as Carmel and Sharon as if he were giving the desert their splendor. The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “the splendor of Carmel and Sharon will be given to it” or “Yahweh will make it as splendid as Carmel and Sharon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -2047,8 +2047,8 @@ ISA 36 1 y3xq figs-synecdoche 0 Sennacherib…attacked all the fortified cities
ISA 36 2 df93 0 the chief commander Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the Rabshakeh.” This is the Assyrian word for one of the highest ranking military leaders in Assyria.
ISA 36 2 yz32 translate-names 0 Lachish This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 2 xgl3 0 conduit man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
ISA 36 2 su6h translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Possible meanings are 1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or 2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderers’ field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 2 ilm6 translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Launderer are either 1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “wool washers field,” or 2) women who wash dirty clothes, “clothes washers field.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 2 su6h translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Possible meanings are (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderers’ field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 2 ilm6 translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Launderer are either (1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “wool washers field,” or (2) women who wash dirty clothes, “clothes washers field.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 3 in74 translate-names 0 Hilkiah…Eliakim See how you translated these men’s names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 3 pc89 translate-names 0 Shebna See how you translated this man’s name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 36 3 ch95 translate-names 0 Asaph…Joah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ ISA 40 1 uzv6 0 Comfort, comfort The word “comfort” is repeated for emphas
ISA 40 1 wa9a figs-you 0 says your God Here “your” is plural and refers to those whom the prophet tells to comfort God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 40 2 f6th figs-personification 0 Speak tenderly to Jerusalem The prophet speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman whom Yahweh has forgiven. As such, Jerusalem represents the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: Speak tenderly to the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 40 2 v29s figs-123person 0 proclaim to her…her warfare…her iniquity…she has received…her sins These pronouns refer to Jerusalem but may be changed if “the people of Jerusalem” is adopted as a translation. Alternate translation: “proclaim to them…their warfare…their iniquity…they have received…their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 40 2 rrl8 0 her warfare Possible meanings are that the word “warfare” refers 1) to military battle or 2) to forced labor.
ISA 40 2 rrl8 0 her warfare Possible meanings are that the word “warfare” refers (1) to military battle or (2) to forced labor.
ISA 40 2 ux5w figs-activepassive 0 her iniquity is pardoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has pardoned her iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 40 2 xkm6 figs-synecdoche 0 from Yahweh’s hand Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 40 3 s925 figs-synecdoche 0 A voice cries out The word “voice” represents the person who cries out. Alternate translation: “Someone cries out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2294,8 +2294,8 @@ ISA 40 5 ys59 figs-activepassive 0 the glory of Yahweh will be revealed This ca
ISA 40 5 sf3k figs-synecdoche 0 for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it The word “mouth” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has spoken it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 40 6 slv6 figs-metaphor 0 All flesh is grass The word “flesh” refers to people. The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. Alternate translation: “All people are like grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 6 tzv2 figs-simile 0 all their covenant faithfulness is like the flower of the field The speaker compares the covenant faithfulness of people to flowers that bloom and then die quickly. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” See how you translated “covenant faithfulness” in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). Alternate translation: “they quickly stop being faithful to the covenant, just like a flower of the field dies quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 40 6 h3q7 0 covenant faithfulness Possible meanings are 1) covenant faithfulness or 2) beauty.
ISA 40 7 m65h 0 when the breath of Yahweh blows on it Possible meanings are 1) “when Yahweh blows his breath on it” or 2) “when Yahweh sends a wind to blow on it.”
ISA 40 6 h3q7 0 covenant faithfulness Possible meanings are (1) covenant faithfulness or (2) beauty.
ISA 40 7 m65h 0 when the breath of Yahweh blows on it Possible meanings are (1) “when Yahweh blows his breath on it” or (2) “when Yahweh sends a wind to blow on it.”
ISA 40 7 p8bp figs-metaphor 0 humanity is grass The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. Alternate translation: “people die as quickly as grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 8 ilr1 figs-metaphor 0 the word of our God will stand forever The speaker speaks of what God says lasting forever as if his word stands forever. Alternate translation: “the things that our God says will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 9 da3x figs-personification 0 Go up on a high mountain, Zion, bearer of good news The writer speaks of Zion as if it were a messenger who declares good news from a mountain top. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -2317,7 +2317,7 @@ ISA 40 14 e7e8 figs-rquestion 0 From whom did he ever receive instruction? This
ISA 40 14 h7pz figs-rquestion 0 Who taught him the correct way to do things, and taught him knowledge, or showed to him the way of understanding? This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done these things. Alternate translation: “No one taught him the correct way to do things. No one taught him knowledge. No one showed to him the way of understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 40 15 xu1z 0 Look…see These words add emphasis to what follows.
ISA 40 15 m437 figs-simile 0 the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded like the dust on the scales The prophet compares the nations to a drop of water and to dust in order to emphasize how small and insignificant they are to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 40 15 bl7h 0 like a drop in a bucket Possible meanings are 1) a drop of water that falls into a bucket or 2) a drop of water that drops out of a bucket.
ISA 40 15 bl7h 0 like a drop in a bucket Possible meanings are (1) a drop of water that falls into a bucket or (2) a drop of water that drops out of a bucket.
ISA 40 15 c6k1 figs-activepassive 0 are regarded like the dust on the scales This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh regards them as dust on the scales” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 40 17 bap7 figs-activepassive 0 they are regarded by him as nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he regards them as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 40 18 pv1a figs-rquestion 0 To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him? Isaiah uses two similar questions to emphasize that there is no idol that can compare with God. Alternate translation: “There is no one to whom you can compare God. There is no idol to which you can liken him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@ ISA 40 26 w46r figs-litotes 0 not one is missing This negative statement emphas
ISA 40 27 p5my figs-rquestion 0 Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel…vindication”? The question emphasizes that they should not say what they say. Alternate translation: “‘You should not say, O people of Israel…vindication’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 40 27 s7bb figs-doublet 0 Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel These two phrases both refer to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Why do you say, O people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 40 27 tsn1 figs-metaphor 0 My way is hidden from Yahweh Yahweh not knowing what happens to them is spoken of as if Yahweh could not see the road upon which they travel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not know what happens to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 27 r58k 0 my God is not concerned about my vindication Possible meanings are 1) “my God is not concerned about others treating me unjustly” or 2) “my God is not concerned about treating me justly.”
ISA 40 27 r58k 0 my God is not concerned about my vindication Possible meanings are (1) “my God is not concerned about others treating me unjustly” or (2) “my God is not concerned about treating me justly.”
ISA 40 28 v4f1 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not known? Have you not heard? Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh’s greatness. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 40:21](../40/21.md). Alternate translation: “You certainly know and have heard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 40 28 d991 figs-metaphor 0 the ends of the earth The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT “the farthest places of the earth” or “the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 40 29 gt6k figs-parallelism 0 He gives strength to the tired; and to the weak he gives renewed energy These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh strengthens those who have no strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -2360,11 +2360,11 @@ ISA 41 2 ckc3 0 He hands nations over to him “I give the nations over to him
ISA 41 2 n5yz figs-metaphor 0 He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ISA 41 3 a4li 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the coastlands and the nations.
ISA 41 3 dk7c 0 He pursues them and passes by safely “The ruler from the east pursues the nations”
ISA 41 3 iyl6 figs-metaphor 0 by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. Alternate translation: “by a path on which he moves with great speed” or 2) “feet” represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. Alternate translation: “by a path that he has never traveled before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 41 3 iyl6 figs-metaphor 0 by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. Alternate translation: “by a path on which he moves with great speed” or (2) “feet” represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. Alternate translation: “by a path that he has never traveled before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 41 4 xap2 figs-rquestion 0 Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “I have performed and accomplished these deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 41 4 lw9z figs-rquestion 0 Who has summoned the generations from the beginning? Here the word “generations” represents all of human history, which Yahweh created and directed throughout history. The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I have summoned the generations of humanity from the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 41 4 z51k figs-doublet 0 performed and accomplished These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 41 4 rvp7 0 the first, and with the last ones Possible meanings are 1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or 2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity.
ISA 41 4 rvp7 0 the first, and with the last ones Possible meanings are (1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or (2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity.
ISA 41 5 xi3d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 5 n6gc figs-metonymy 0 The isles…the ends of the earth These phrases represent the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “People who live on the isles…people who live at the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 41 5 z1m3 0 The isles You can translate “isles” the same way you translated “coastlands” in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md).
@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@ ISA 41 9 unb2 figs-metaphor 0 the ends of the earth The places on the earth tha
ISA 41 9 ah78 figs-parallelism 0 I have chosen you and not rejected you These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second states in negative terms what the first states in positive terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ISA 41 10 sv29 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 10 y2hx figs-metaphor 0 I will uphold you with my righteous right hand Yahweh strengthening his people is spoken of as if he were holding them with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 10 m5ra figs-metonymy 0 my righteous right hand Here “right hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh’s right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. Alternate translation: “my righteous power” or 2) Yahweh’s right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. Alternate translation: “my victorious power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 41 10 m5ra figs-metonymy 0 my righteous right hand Here “right hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. Alternate translation: “my righteous power” or (2) Yahweh’s right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. Alternate translation: “my victorious power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 41 11 fup1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 11 i38z 0 they will be ashamed and disgraced, all who have been angry with you “all who have been angry with you will be ashamed and disgraced”
ISA 41 11 acy9 figs-doublet 0 ashamed and disgraced These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of their shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2388,7 +2388,7 @@ ISA 41 12 rr8g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people
ISA 41 13 mcq1 figs-metaphor 0 I…will hold your right hand Yahweh helping the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were holding their right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 14 nw9b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 14 d1xa figs-doublet 0 Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel Here “Jacob” and “men of Israel” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you people of Israel who are like worms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 41 14 x6h1 figs-metaphor 0 Jacob you worm Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or 2) that this refers to Israel’s own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 14 x6h1 figs-metaphor 0 Jacob you worm Possible meanings are (1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or (2) that this refers to Israel’s own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 14 vga7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 41 14 s6u3 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 41 15 dv6j figs-metaphor 0 I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge…you will make the hills like chaff Yahweh speaks of enabling Israel to defeat their enemies as if he were making the nation a threshing sledge that will level mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2410,10 +2410,10 @@ ISA 41 24 yv5h figs-you 0 the one who chooses you Here “you” is plural and
ISA 41 25 bsg2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 25 rd8b figs-metaphor 0 I have raised up one Yahweh speaks of appointing a person as if he raised that person up. Alternate translation: “I have appointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 25 s97v figs-idiom 0 from the sun’s rising This refers to the east, the direction from which the sun rises. Alternate translation: “from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 41 25 i891 0 him who calls on my name Possible meanings are 1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or 2) that this person worships Yahweh.
ISA 41 25 i891 0 him who calls on my name Possible meanings are (1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or (2) that this person worships Yahweh.
ISA 41 25 bb4s figs-metaphor 0 he will trample the rulers Conquering the rulers of other nations is spoken of as if it were trampling them under foot. Alternate translation: “he will conquer the rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 25 q8p3 figs-simile 0 like a potter who is treading on the clay Yahweh compares the way in which this person will trample the other rulers with the way that a potter tramples on clay to mix it with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 41 26 u3i7 figs-rquestion 0 Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, “He is right”? Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are 1) that the idols have not done these things and 2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, ‘He is right.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 41 26 u3i7 figs-rquestion 0 Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, “He is right”? Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are (1) that the idols have not done these things and (2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, ‘He is right.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 41 26 xn3y 0 Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything “Indeed, none of the idols decreed it. Indeed, no one heard you idols say anything”
ISA 41 27 b6xr 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 28 k8tv 0 not one among them “not one idol”
@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ ISA 42 15 qi5p 0 the marshes A marsh is an area of soft, wet land with pools o
ISA 42 16 hck4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 16 d8u8 figs-parallelism 0 I will bring the blind by a way that they do not know; in paths that they do not know I will lead them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will lead the blind in paths that they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 42 16 e56x figs-metaphor 0 the blind Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 16 l8wt 0 that they do not know Possible meanings are 1) “that they have never traveled” or 2) “with which they are unfamiliar.”
ISA 42 16 l8wt 0 that they do not know Possible meanings are (1) “that they have never traveled” or (2) “with which they are unfamiliar.”
ISA 42 16 jc1b figs-metaphor 0 I will turn the darkness into light before them Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they walked in darkness, and of his helping them as if he caused light to shine in the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 17 tfv2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 17 ayv4 figs-metaphor 0 They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame Rejecting those who worship idols is spoken of as if it is forcing them to turn back and move the opposite direction. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and put them to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2537,7 +2537,7 @@ ISA 43 24 up12 figs-parallelism 0 burdened me with your sins, you have wearied
ISA 43 24 t4mh 0 burdened me with your sins “troubled me with your sins”
ISA 43 25 vh3j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 25 r2jt figs-doublet 0 I, yes, I The word “I” is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 43 25 j91x figs-metaphor 0 who blots out your offenses Forgiving sins is spoken of as either 1) blotting them out or wiping them away or 2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away” or “who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 43 25 j91x figs-metaphor 0 who blots out your offenses Forgiving sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or wiping them away or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away” or “who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 43 25 s5fa 0 for my own sake “for my own honor” or “for my own reputation”
ISA 43 25 l6uz 0 call to mind “remember”
ISA 43 26 w2ud figs-irony 0 present your cause, that you may be proved innocent Yahweh challenges the people to offer proof that they are innocent of the charges that he has brought against them, although he knows that they cannot do so. Alternate translation: “present your case, but you cannot prove yourselves to be innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -2564,7 +2564,7 @@ ISA 44 5 lfi3 0 another will call out the name of Jacob “another person will
ISA 44 5 y4il 0 name himself by the name of Israel “call himself a descendant of Israel”
ISA 44 6 q311 0 his Redeemer “Israel’s Redeemer”
ISA 44 6 tts3 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
ISA 44 6 j95i figs-merism 0 I am the first, and I am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. Possible meanings are 1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or 2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 44 6 j95i figs-merism 0 I am the first, and I am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. Possible meanings are (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 44 7 zm2k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 7 r8gi figs-rquestion 0 Who is like me? Let him announce Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one like him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone thinks he is like me, let him announce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 44 8 nbn1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
@ -2579,7 +2579,7 @@ ISA 44 9 fps8 figs-activepassive 0 they will be put to shame This can be stated
ISA 44 10 rn93 figs-rquestion 0 Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless? Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only fools would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 44 10 tu2g figs-distinguish 0 cast an idol that is worthless The word “worthless” does not distinguish worthless idols from idols that have worth, because all idols are worthless. Alternate translation: “cast worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
ISA 44 11 dnp6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 11 xq1i figs-explicit 0 all his associates Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. Alternate translation: “all of the craftsman’s associates” or 2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. Alternate translation: “all those who worship the idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 44 11 xq1i figs-explicit 0 all his associates Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. Alternate translation: “all of the craftsman’s associates” or (2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. Alternate translation: “all those who worship the idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 44 11 ka7l figs-activepassive 0 be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 11 n21m 0 Let them take their stand together “Let them all come together before me”
ISA 44 11 qc5v 0 they will cower “they will be terrified.” To “cower” is to bend over in fear.
@ -2605,7 +2605,7 @@ ISA 44 21 bng6 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be forgotten by me This can be
ISA 44 22 ey1y figs-parallelism 0 I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 44 22 n1fa figs-ellipsis 0 like a cloud, your sins The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “like a cloud, I have blotted out your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 44 23 p5tq figs-apostrophe 0 Sing, you heavens…glory in Israel Here Isaiah speaks various parts of creation as if they were people and commands them to praise Yawheh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 44 23 pm5m figs-merism 0 you depths of the earth “you lowest parts of the earth.” Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to very deep places on the earth such as caves or canyons and forms a merism with “heavens” in the previous phrase or 2) that this refers to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 44 23 pm5m figs-merism 0 you depths of the earth “you lowest parts of the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) that this refers to very deep places on the earth such as caves or canyons and forms a merism with “heavens” in the previous phrase or (2) that this refers to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 44 24 c6gm 0 Redeemer See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md).
ISA 44 24 ye1e figs-metaphor 0 he who formed you from the womb Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother’s womb. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:2](../44/02.md). Alternate translation: “he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 24 qcw6 figs-metaphor 0 who alone stretched out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ ISA 45 2 i615 0 their iron bars This refers to the iron bars on the bronze gat
ISA 45 3 j4lq figs-abstractnouns 0 the treasures of darkness Here “darkness” refers to places that are secret. Alternate translation: “treasures in dark places” or “the treasures in secret places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 45 4 lb2n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus.
ISA 45 4 x9uf figs-doublet 0 Jacob…Israel These both refer to the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 45 5 uj89 0 I will arm you for battle Possible meanings are 1) “I will strengthen you for battle” or 2) “I will equip you for battle.”
ISA 45 5 uj89 0 I will arm you for battle Possible meanings are (1) “I will strengthen you for battle” or (2) “I will equip you for battle.”
ISA 45 6 rj47 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun, and from the west Since the sun rises in the east, this phrase forms a merism and means everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “from every place on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 45 7 w7ux 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 7 fa4k figs-merism 0 I form the light and create darkness; I bring peace and create disaster Both of these expressions form merisms that emphasize that Yahweh is sovereign creator of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -2637,7 +2637,7 @@ ISA 45 8 bb15 figs-metaphor 0 You heavens, rain down from above…righteousness
ISA 45 8 lxn8 figs-apostrophe 0 You heavens Yahweh momentarily turns his attention from his people and begins to speak to the heavens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
ISA 45 9 ecu9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 9 f6zy figs-metaphor 0 any other earthen pot among all the earthen pots in the ground Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a potter, and of the one who would argue with him as if that person and the rest of humanity were all clay pots. Alternate translation: “like one piece of pottery among many other pieces of pottery scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 9 v32t 0 earthen pot Possible meanings are 1) “clay pot” or 2) “piece of broken clay pottery.”
ISA 45 9 v32t 0 earthen pot Possible meanings are (1) “clay pot” or (2) “piece of broken clay pottery.”
ISA 45 9 tc19 figs-rquestion 0 Does the clay say to the potter…on it’? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. Alternate translation: “The clay should not say to the potter…on it!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 45 10 pin2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does.
ISA 45 10 m3zm figs-metaphor 0 Woe to him who says to a father,…‘What are you giving birth to?’ Yahweh speaks of those who would argue him as if they were unborn children who argue with their own parents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2650,7 +2650,7 @@ ISA 45 12 tk49 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 12 ki21 figs-synecdoche 0 It was my hands that Here the word “hands” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It was I who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 45 12 ati8 0 stretched out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric that he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md).
ISA 45 13 t11e 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 13 wzd7 0 I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness Here the word “righteousness” refers to right action. Possible meanings are 1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or 2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus.
ISA 45 13 wzd7 0 I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness Here the word “righteousness” refers to right action. Possible meanings are (1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or (2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus.
ISA 45 13 ikq9 figs-metaphor 0 I stirred Cyrus Yahweh speaks of causing Cyrus to act as if it were stirring him from slumber. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 13 rv5p figs-metaphor 0 I will smooth out all his paths Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles and causing Cyrus to be successful as if he were making the paths smooth on which Cyrus walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 13 rhm5 0 He will build my city This refers to Jerusalem.
@ -2768,12 +2768,12 @@ ISA 48 10 rn48 figs-metaphor 0 Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have p
ISA 48 11 sf4g figs-rquestion 0 for how can I allow my name to be profaned? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I cannot allow anyone to profane my name.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 48 12 lbc9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 12 q7py figs-doublet 0 Jacob, and Israel Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 48 12 f7ei figs-merism 0 I am the first, I also am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. Possible meanings are 1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or 2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 48 12 f7ei figs-merism 0 I am the first, I also am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. Possible meanings are (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 48 13 x9pc figs-synecdoche 0 my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 48 13 a1fq 0 the foundation of the earth The word “foundation” normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/18.md).
ISA 48 13 u4il figs-metaphor 0 spread out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 48 13 rx2t figs-metaphor 0 when I call to them, they stand up together Standing up when Yahweh calls is a metaphor for being ready to obey him. Yahweh speaks of the earth and the heavens as if they were able to hear him and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 48 13 x82p 0 when I call to them Possible meanings are 1) “when I call the earth and the heavens” or 2) “when I call the stars in the heavens.”
ISA 48 13 x82p 0 when I call to them Possible meanings are (1) “when I call the earth and the heavens” or (2) “when I call the stars in the heavens.”
ISA 48 14 b3gm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 14 ery6 figs-rquestion 0 Who among you has announced these things? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. Alternate translation: “None of your idols has told this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 48 14 fb8g figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh’s ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh’s will against the Chaldeans Here “ally” refers to Cyrus. Both of these sentences mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -2858,7 +2858,7 @@ ISA 49 22 ps5y figs-metaphor 0 They will bring your sons in their arms and carr
ISA 49 23 xx8n figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 23 q6dc figs-metaphor 0 Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city’s children. The terms “foster fathers” and “nursemaids” refer to men and women who become responsible for the care of children. Alternate translation: “The kings and queens of other nations will provide for your inhabitants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 23 w8ev 0 they will bow down to you with their faces to the earth and lick the dust of your feet These phrases describe gestures that people used to express complete submission to a superior.
ISA 49 23 fx8v figs-idiom 0 lick the dust of your feet Possible meanings are 1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior’s foot or from the ground at the superior’s foot or 2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 49 23 fx8v figs-idiom 0 lick the dust of your feet Possible meanings are (1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior’s foot or from the ground at the superior’s foot or (2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 49 23 j5gn figs-activepassive 0 will not be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not be ashamed” or “will not be disappointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 49 24 nrw9 figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 24 w2vc figs-rquestion 0 Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from the fierce? Isaiah uses a question to express the difficulty of taking anything from a mighty soldier or a very strong warrior. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person cannot take the spoils from a warrior or rescue captives from fierce soldiers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2866,8 +2866,8 @@ ISA 49 24 c5s2 0 spoils valuable items taken from the losers in a battle
ISA 49 25 kqr1 figs-activepassive 0 the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued Yahweh says that he will do what is usually impossible for people to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will rescue the spoils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 49 25 zzu8 figs-metaphor 0 I will…save your children Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city’s children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 26 mu96 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person.
ISA 49 26 qp7y figs-metaphor 0 I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh Possible meanings are 1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh” or 2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 26 l5ym figs-metaphor 0 they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine Possible meanings are 1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “they will drink their friends’ blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine” or 2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. Alternate translation: “they will shed so much of their friends’ blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 26 qp7y figs-metaphor 0 I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh Possible meanings are (1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 26 l5ym figs-metaphor 0 they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine Possible meanings are (1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “they will drink their friends’ blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. Alternate translation: “they will shed so much of their friends’ blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 intro w2ie 0 # Isaiah 50 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the “servant songs” because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh’s point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
ISA 50 1 ca66 figs-metaphor 0 Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? Yahweh speaks of Zion as if the city were the mother of the people who lived there and of sending the people into exile as if he were divorcing their mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 1 dz6i figs-rquestion 0 Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question so that the people would produce “the certificate of divorce,” which would provide the reason Yahweh sent them into exile. Alternate translation: “Show me the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2883,9 +2883,9 @@ ISA 50 2 cl62 figs-metaphor 0 I make the rivers a desert Yahweh speaks of dryin
ISA 50 2 d3r6 0 their fish die for lack of water and rot “their fish die and rot for lack of water.” The word “their” refers to the sea and the rivers.
ISA 50 3 y7n5 figs-metaphor 0 I clothe the sky with darkness; I cover it with sackcloth These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of causing the sky to become dark as if he were clothing it with sackcloth. Alternate translation: “I make the sky dark, as if it were wearing dark sackcloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 50 4 ww6d 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant begins to speak.
ISA 50 4 ahs2 figs-metonymy 0 The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught The word “tongue” represents what he says. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker” or 2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 50 4 ahs2 figs-metonymy 0 The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught The word “tongue” represents what he says. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker” or (2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 50 4 zzf8 figs-synecdoche 0 he awakens my ear to hear Here “my ear” refers to Yahweh’s servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. Alternate translation: “he has enabled me to understand what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 4 v3ta figs-simile 0 like those who are taught The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. Possible meanings are 1) “like one who learns from his teacher” or 2) “like one whom he has taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 50 4 v3ta figs-simile 0 like those who are taught The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. Possible meanings are (1) “like one who learns from his teacher” or (2) “like one whom he has taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 50 5 m5ss 0 General Information: The servant of Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 50 5 z5m7 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord Yahweh has opened my ear Yahweh enabling his servant to hear and understand is spoken of as if Yahweh opened his ear. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to hear and understand him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 5 hk16 figs-parallelism 0 I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Disobeying what Yahweh said is spoken of as if it were turning one’s back toward him. This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “I obeyed what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3025,7 +3025,7 @@ ISA 52 4 jx27 figs-metonymy 0 Assyria has oppressed them Assyria refers to the
ISA 52 5 v517 figs-rquestion 0 Now what do I have here…seeing that my people are taken away for nothing? Yahweh uses a question to make the people pay attention to what he is about to say. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now look at what is happening…my people are again taken away for nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 52 5 h4tq figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 52 5 b5in figs-activepassive 0 seeing that my people are taken away for nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I see the enemy taking my people away for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 52 5 pw1c figs-metaphor 0 for nothing Possible meanings are 1) “for nothing” means the Babylonians took the people unjustly and without cause or 2) this continues the metaphor from [Isaiah 52:3](../52/03.md) where Yahweh is spoken of as if he owned the people of Israel and could give them away for nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 52 5 pw1c figs-metaphor 0 for nothing Possible meanings are (1) “for nothing” means the Babylonians took the people unjustly and without cause or (2) this continues the metaphor from [Isaiah 52:3](../52/03.md) where Yahweh is spoken of as if he owned the people of Israel and could give them away for nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 52 5 zer1 0 Those who rule over them mock This refers to the Babylonians who have conquered the people. However, some versions have, “Those who rule over them wail.” For these versions, this passage refers to the leaders of the Israelites in captivity.
ISA 52 5 fb49 figs-metonymy 0 my name is blasphemed continually all day long Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those who watch the enemy take away my people are continually saying evil things about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 52 6 b17m figs-metonymy 0 Therefore my people will know my name Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “Therefore my people will truly know who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3094,7 +3094,7 @@ ISA 53 10 q44m figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh’s purpose will be accomplished thr
ISA 53 11 y6hr figs-metonymy 0 After the suffering of his life Here “his life” refers to the servant. Alternate translation: “After the servant has suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 53 11 z63d figs-metaphor 0 he will see light Many versions understand “light” here to stand for life. That is, the servant will become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 11 kq9w 0 My righteous servant Here “my” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 53 11 q1ts figs-metaphor 0 he will bear their iniquities The word “bear” means carry. Possible meanings are 1) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “he will take their punishment” or “he will be punished for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])or 2) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing their guilt. Alternate translation: “he will take their guilt upon himself” or “he will be guilty for their sins”
ISA 53 11 q1ts figs-metaphor 0 he will bear their iniquities The word “bear” means carry. Possible meanings are (1) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “he will take their punishment” or “he will be punished for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])or (2) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing their guilt. Alternate translation: “he will take their guilt upon himself” or “he will be guilty for their sins”
ISA 53 12 y3y2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his servant.
ISA 53 12 p84g figs-parallelism 0 Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many These two clauses mean basically the same thing. “Portion” and “spoils” refer to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 12 q68p 0 the multitudes Many versions interpret this expression as “the many” or “the strong.”
@ -3163,13 +3163,13 @@ ISA 55 2 ua4a figs-synecdoche 0 for what is not bread Here the word “bread”
ISA 55 2 l8h1 figs-metaphor 0 eat what is good, and delight yourselves in fatness The people trusting Yahweh for blessing and happiness is spoken of as if they are eating good food that is making them happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 2 b221 figs-idiom 0 in fatness The word “fatness” refers to meat that has plenty of fat on it and is an idiom for fine food. Alternate translation: “with the best foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 55 3 npj6 figs-metaphor 0 Turn your ears Listening to or paying attention to someone is spoken of as if it were turning one’s ears to someone. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 4 lar1 0 I have placed him Possible meanings are 1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or 2) it refers to what God will do through one of David’s descendants.
ISA 55 4 lar1 0 I have placed him Possible meanings are (1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or (2) it refers to what God will do through one of David’s descendants.
ISA 55 5 leh9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 55 5 pxt4 0 the Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 55 6 qi9x figs-activepassive 0 Seek Yahweh while he may be found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Seek Yahweh while you can still find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 55 7 c3wy figs-nominaladj 0 Let the wicked leave his path The word “wicked” refers to wicked people. Yahweh speaks of wicked people no longer sinning as if they were to stop walking along a path that they had been traveling. Alternate translation: “Let wicked people change the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 7 y63b figs-ellipsis 0 the man of sin his thoughts The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “let the sinful man leave his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 55 7 wj8e 0 his thoughts Possible meanings are 1) “the way he thinks” or 2) “his plans”
ISA 55 7 wj8e 0 his thoughts Possible meanings are (1) “the way he thinks” or (2) “his plans”
ISA 55 7 h5ht 0 he will pity him “Yahweh will pity him”
ISA 55 7 mq71 figs-ellipsis 0 to our God The verb may be supplied from the first phrase in this sentence. Alternate translation: “let him return to our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 55 8 faw8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.

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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ JER 1 6 j6eh figs-hyperbole 0 I do not know how to speak Jeremiah may have been
JER 1 8 r2iu 0 Do not be afraid of them “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
JER 1 8 jk96 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
JER 1 8 tfp9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 1 9 gq1r figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or 2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 1 9 gq1r figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 1 9 sw5r figs-metaphor 0 I have placed my word in your mouth This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 10 xz7w 0 I am appointing you…to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
JER 1 10 k126 0 to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ JER 1 13 dy8k 0 tipping away from the north This means that it was tipping tow
JER 1 14 sxk1 figs-metaphor 0 Disaster will be opened up out of the north “Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 15 ci59 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north.
JER 1 15 eu1c figs-hyperbole 0 everyone This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 1 15 duv8 figs-metaphor 0 will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem Possible meanings are 1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or 2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 15 duv8 figs-metaphor 0 will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem Possible meanings are (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 1 15 j1zf figs-metonymy 0 against all the walls that surround it Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 15 d8i9 figs-metonymy 0 against all the cities of Judah Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 1 16 gg7p 0 I will pronounce sentence against them “I will announce how I will punish them”
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ JER 2 6 xpu1 figs-metaphor 0 a land of drought and deep darkness A “land of d
JER 2 7 e78y figs-parallelism 0 you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 2 7 z346 figs-metaphor 0 you defiled my land Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 7 x8z6 0 you made my inheritance an abomination “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
JER 2 7 bs45 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or 2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 7 bs45 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 2 8 kt1g figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh? This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 2 8 hl48 0 did not care about me “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
JER 2 8 vv8y figs-metaphor 0 The shepherds transgressed against me The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ JER 3 20 y4z7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 3 21 jt6v figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 21 n3ty 0 the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
JER 3 21 kza9 figs-metaphor 0 they have forgotten Yahweh their God Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 y37e figs-metaphor 0 I will heal you of treachery! Possible meanings are 1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or 2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 y37e figs-metaphor 0 I will heal you of treachery! Possible meanings are (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 22 n26k 0 heal you of treachery “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
JER 3 22 z8l6 figs-ellipsis 0 Behold! We will come to you It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 3 22 t3nz 0 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ JER 3 23 n3uy 0 surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel “surely Yah
JER 3 24 q1yv 0 their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
JER 3 25 qy9p figs-parallelism 0 Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 3 25 ny7e figs-metaphor 0 May our shame cover us Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 25 x6vr figs-metaphor 0 from the time of our youthfulness Possible meanings are that 1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or 2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 25 x6vr figs-metaphor 0 from the time of our youthfulness Possible meanings are that (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 25 u638 figs-metonymy 0 have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 intro yf6n 0 # Jeremiah 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s punishment<br>This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br>
JER 4 1 nmt1 figs-metonymy 0 then it should be to me that you return Possible meanings are that 1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” 1) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 4 1 nmt1 figs-metonymy 0 then it should be to me that you return Possible meanings are that (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 4 1 q5zm figs-metonymy 0 If you remove your detestable things from before me Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 4 1 g7zg figs-metaphor 0 do not wander from me again Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 4 2 qu22 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ JER 5 3 bwd1 figs-metaphor 0 they still refuse to receive discipline Here “to
JER 5 3 v9en figs-metonymy 0 They make their faces harder than rock Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 4 ty12 0 So I said Jeremiah is speaking.
JER 5 5 mu9t figs-metaphor 0 But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 d8ks figs-metaphor 0 So a lion…A wolf…A lurking panther These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that 1) this really is about wild animals killing people or 2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 d8ks figs-metaphor 0 So a lion…A wolf…A lurking panther These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 ei8j figs-metaphor 0 So a lion…A wolf…A lurking panther…torn apart One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 6 qkm7 0 thicket a set of bushes that grew closely together.
JER 5 6 a7xd 0 wolf a large wild dangerous dog
@ -395,9 +395,9 @@ JER 5 16 ub23 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people
JER 5 16 yjs1 figs-metonymy 0 Its quiver…They are all soldiers Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 16 a4wr 0 quiver a container for holding arrows
JER 5 16 nsx2 figs-simile 0 Its quiver is like an open tomb An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 17 x18i figs-metaphor 0 So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food Possible meanings are that 1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or 2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 17 x18i figs-metaphor 0 So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food Possible meanings are that (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 17 ty62 figs-activepassive 0 So your harvest will be consumed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 5 17 ycw1 0 your sons and daughters also, and your food Possible meanings are that 1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or 2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
JER 5 17 ycw1 0 your sons and daughters also, and your food Possible meanings are that (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
JER 5 17 e76e 0 They will eat The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
JER 5 17 aj2t figs-synecdoche 0 They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 5 17 fe1b 0 your fortified cities Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ JER 5 26 zk7i figs-simile 0 They watch as someone crouches to capture birds God
JER 5 26 rv4u figs-metaphor 0 they set a trap and catch people God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 27 qx63 figs-simile 0 Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 5 27 ktf1 figs-metaphor 0 they grow large and become rich Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 28 cw6j 0 they shine with well-being Possible meanings are 1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or 2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
JER 5 28 cw6j 0 they shine with well-being Possible meanings are (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
JER 5 28 plb9 figs-metaphor 0 They crossed over all bounds of wickedness Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 28 mc4l 0 They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
JER 5 28 fdb8 0 they have not given justice to the needy “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ JER 5 30 jnz7 figs-explicit 0 Atrocities and horrors have occurred This can be
JER 5 30 a5il figs-explicit 0 in the land Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 m6tl 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
JER 5 31 jd9n 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
JER 5 31 md9e figs-explicit 0 the priests rule with their own power Possible meanings are 1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or 2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 md9e figs-explicit 0 the priests rule with their own power Possible meanings are (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 lf6j figs-rquestion 0 but what will happen in the end? “but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 intro f4ic 0 # Jeremiah 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods and battle<br>In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JER 6 1 h511 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ JER 6 1 f21l figs-idiom 0 Find safety…by leaving Jerusalem Here “Find safet
JER 6 1 a8g6 0 people of Benjamin This is who Yahweh was speaking to.
JER 6 1 h78h figs-explicit 0 Blow a trumpet in Tekoa A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 6 1 v1e9 translate-names 0 Tekoa This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 6 1 m5nz 0 Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal Possible meanings are 1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or 2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
JER 6 1 m5nz 0 Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal Possible meanings are (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
JER 6 1 cj9u 0 Beth Hakkerem the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
JER 6 1 fa2a figs-metonymy 0 wickedness is appearing from the north Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 6 1 sub6 figs-explicit 0 a great crushing is coming How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ JER 6 13 gwi1 figs-nominaladj 0 the greatest This refers to the most powerful a
JER 6 13 vdj4 0 all of them “all of the people of Israel”
JER 6 13 qw1u figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 6 13 b8dn 0 all of them practice deceit “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER 6 14 it97 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds of my people lightly Possible meanings are 1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or 2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 14 it97 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds of my people lightly Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 14 kz57 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds…lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 14 lqp6 0 ‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
JER 6 15 l12m figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ JER 6 16 s27z figs-explicit 0 Yahweh says this It can be stated clearly who Yah
JER 6 16 s5rz figs-metaphor 0 Stand at the road crossing…We will not go The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 ez9b 0 the road crossing This refers to the place where two roads meet.
JER 6 16 s5kk figs-metaphor 0 ask for the ancient pathways The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 h56h figs-metaphor 0 Where is this good way Possible meanings are 1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or 2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 h56h figs-metaphor 0 Where is this good way Possible meanings are (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 a4xf figs-metaphor 0 Then go on it “Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 16 s29n figs-metaphor 0 We will not go This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 6 17 zs9d figs-metaphor 0 I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ JER 7 3 f884 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to
JER 7 3 c23a 0 Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
JER 7 3 s5g6 0 in this place This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
JER 7 4 e2w3 figs-rpronouns 0 Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why “Temple of Yahweh” is repeated three times are 1) it was repeated for emphasis or 2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why “Temple of Yahweh” is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 5 yex8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 5 b71h 0 make your ways and practices good “improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
JER 7 5 s949 figs-abstractnouns 0 completely execute justice The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ JER 7 24 gts3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in the
JER 7 24 u79z 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 24 mmx8 figs-doublet 0 they did not listen or pay attention These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 7 24 hex1 0 by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
JER 7 24 pn8b figs-metaphor 0 they went backwards, not forward This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or 2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 24 pn8b figs-metaphor 0 they went backwards, not forward This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 7 25 g7qg figs-hyperbole 0 Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 7 25 wl88 0 I persisted in sending them “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
JER 7 26 x6ns figs-idiom 0 they hardened their necks This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ JER 8 10 c6bc figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain The abstract n
JER 8 10 me66 0 all of them practice deceit “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER 8 11 a894 0 General Information: The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER 8 11 f7ex 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 8 11 t6ta figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds of my people lightly Possible meanings are 1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or 2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 11 t6ta figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds of my people lightly Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 11 t1ge figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds…lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 11 mjy3 0 “Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
JER 8 12 j556 figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ JER 8 18 ia82 figs-hyperbole 0 has no end These words are an exaggeration that
JER 8 18 ah2i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is sick Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 8 19 i7c2 0 Behold! This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
JER 8 19 i2u5 figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 8 19 qg4d 0 from a land far away Possible meanings are 1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or 2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
JER 8 19 qg4d 0 from a land far away Possible meanings are (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
JER 8 19 r91i figs-parallelism 0 Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there? These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 19 i1se figs-rquestion 0 Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? The word “me” refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 20 i3bj 0 General Information: The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ JER 12 3 jep3 0 the day of slaughter “the day they will be destroyed”
JER 12 4 gvz5 0 How long will the land go on drying up…because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
JER 12 4 bea9 0 wither dry up
JER 12 4 lm57 figs-activepassive 0 The animals and the birds have been taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 12 4 a1hp 0 God will not see what happens to us Possible meanings are 1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or 2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
JER 12 4 a1hp 0 God will not see what happens to us Possible meanings are (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
JER 12 5 hax2 figs-rquestion 0 how can you compete against horses? This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 12 5 e5b2 figs-ellipsis 0 If you fall down This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 12 5 km32 0 the safe countryside This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
@ -1310,11 +1310,11 @@ JER 17 12 c58h figs-metaphor 0 The place of our temple is a glorious throne Jer
JER 17 12 mmb5 0 The place of our temple This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
JER 17 13 j27x 0 All who abandon you Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
JER 17 13 tkv3 figs-activepassive 0 those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 13 e5ej figs-metaphor 0 will be written in the earth Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or 2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 13 e5ej figs-metaphor 0 will be written in the earth Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 17 13 vf2c figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 13 pj3q figs-metaphor 0 the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 17 14 emc7 figs-activepassive 0 I will be healed…I will be rescued This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me…you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 17 14 t5hz 0 For you are my song of praise Possible meanings are 1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or 2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
JER 17 14 t5hz 0 For you are my song of praise Possible meanings are (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
JER 17 15 c8ap 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 17 15 kn8p 0 they are saying to me Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
JER 17 15 qef1 figs-rquestion 0 Where is the word of Yahweh? The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ JER 18 11 v6ut 0 devise a plan “make a plan”
JER 18 11 me21 figs-metaphor 0 his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 18 11 w5eq figs-doublet 0 so your ways and your practices will bring good to you The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 18 12 fq15 0 But they will say The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
JER 18 12 nmb4 figs-idiom 0 This is no use Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or 2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 12 nmb4 figs-idiom 0 This is no use Possible meanings for this idiom are (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 18 12 yc7y figs-metonymy 0 what his evil, stubborn heart desires Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 18 13 w781 figs-rquestion 0 Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 18 13 vta7 figs-personification 0 The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ JER 19 2 r77q 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom This is the name of a valley south of the
JER 19 3 lse3 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 19 3 tn4j 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 19 3 wu9y figs-idiom 0 the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle Here “ears…will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 19 3 w8jh 0 will tingle Possible meanings are 1) “will ring” or 2) “will quiver.”
JER 19 3 w8jh 0 will tingle Possible meanings are (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
JER 19 4 i11f 0 they have abandoned me Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 19 4 h6hz figs-metonymy 0 filled this place with innocent blood Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 19 5 hi1p figs-metonymy 0 nor did it enter my mind Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ JER 19 15 rv5y figs-parallelism 0 stiffened their neck and refused to listen Th
JER 20 intro apn5 0 # Jeremiah 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pashhur<br>This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Jeremiah’s reaction<br>Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
JER 20 1 l4ka writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 20 1 xjd1 translate-names 0 Pashhur…Immer These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 20 2 h7fz figs-metonymy 0 Pashhur beat Jeremiah Possible meanings are 1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or 2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 2 h7fz figs-metonymy 0 Pashhur beat Jeremiah Possible meanings are (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 2 rg2f 0 stocks Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head.
JER 20 2 yc2r 0 Upper Gate of Benjamin This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
JER 20 3 wf2c 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ JER 20 7 r3gc 0 laughingstock This is a person whom others laugh at and make f
JER 20 8 dqv6 figs-doublet 0 called out and proclaimed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 20 8 bd79 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 20 8 t4n7 figs-doublet 0 for me reproach and mocking The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 20 9 bs6s figs-metonymy 0 I will not speak any longer in his name Possible meanings are 1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or 2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 9 bs6s figs-metonymy 0 I will not speak any longer in his name Possible meanings are (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 9 a3zh figs-synecdoche 0 it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 20 10 tf3t 0 Report! We must report it Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
JER 20 10 x8mp figs-metaphor 0 watch to see if I will fall Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1482,11 +1482,11 @@ JER 21 2 q4d4 0 Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf…making war on us This
JER 21 2 z5nz 0 as in times past “as he did in the past”
JER 21 2 s62n 0 will make him withdraw from us “will make him go away”
JER 21 4 leg9 0 See This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
JER 21 4 ax9r 0 turn back Possible meanings are 1) to make useless or 2) to send back into the city.
JER 21 4 rb48 figs-metonymy 0 the instruments of war that are in your hand Possible meanings are 1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or 2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 21 4 ax9r 0 turn back Possible meanings are (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
JER 21 4 rb48 figs-metonymy 0 the instruments of war that are in your hand Possible meanings are (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 21 4 a79u 0 Chaldeans This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
JER 21 4 xk9a 0 closing you in “coming close to you”
JER 21 4 cju6 0 I will gather them Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or 2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
JER 21 4 cju6 0 I will gather them Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
JER 21 5 hc2w figs-rpronouns 0 Then I myself This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 21 5 jrm2 figs-idiom 0 with a raised hand and a strong arm Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 5 f3ic figs-doublet 0 with wrath, fury, and great anger These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ JER 21 7 k4qv figs-metonymy 0 the sword Here this refers to the battle in which
JER 21 7 ziv3 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 vgu8 figs-parallelism 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon…their enemies…those seeking their life All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 21 7 z1zk 0 seeking their life “wanting to kill them”
JER 21 7 equ4 figs-metonymy 0 with the edge of the sword Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or 2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 equ4 figs-metonymy 0 with the edge of the sword Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 7 j95p figs-doublet 0 He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 21 8 uz34 0 this people “the people of Jerusalem”
JER 21 8 k2vf 0 I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
@ -1516,11 +1516,11 @@ JER 21 12 l5bg figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “hand” refers
JER 21 12 bpj8 figs-metaphor 0 my fury will go out like fire and burn Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 12 ph8p figs-metaphor 0 there is no one who can quench it Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 13 a8zt 0 See This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
JER 21 13 qie5 0 inhabitant of the valley Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or 2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
JER 21 13 qie5 0 inhabitant of the valley Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
JER 21 13 h96i 0 I am against “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
JER 21 13 dxt4 figs-rquestion 0 Who will come down to attack us?…Who will enter our houses? These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us!…No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 21 14 uf3g figs-metaphor 0 I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 14 nf8v figs-metaphor 0 in the thickets Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or 2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 14 nf8v figs-metaphor 0 in the thickets Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 intro in1u 0 # Jeremiah 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Luxury and oppression<br><br>Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
JER 22 1 z5bz 0 the house of the king of Judah “the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
JER 22 1 qfg5 0 proclaim this word “proclaim this message”
@ -1531,19 +1531,19 @@ JER 22 3 y9er figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “the hand” ref
JER 22 3 m38q 0 Do not mistreat “Do not treat badly”
JER 22 3 z2z9 0 orphan a child who does not have parents
JER 22 3 b6c5 figs-idiom 0 Do not…pour out innocent blood Here “pour out…blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not…murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 3 t9h8 0 in this place Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem or 2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
JER 22 3 t9h8 0 in this place Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
JER 22 4 f37x figs-metonymy 0 kings sitting on David’s throne The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 4 vfy3 0 the gates of this house This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
JER 22 4 l5m1 figs-metonymy 0 riding in a chariot and on horses This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 4 rx2m figs-ellipsis 0 he, his servants, and his people This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 22 5 zef9 0 if you do not listen to “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
JER 22 5 w37m 0 this royal house This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or 2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon Possible meanings are 1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or 2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon Possible meanings are (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 6 ahd6 figs-metaphor 0 turn you into a wilderness What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 wcw6 0 I have designated destroyers to come against you “I have chosen an army to attack you”
JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars Possible meaning are 1) the beams of the palace or 2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire Possible meanings are 1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or 2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars Possible meaning are (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire Possible meanings are (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 8 t15z figs-synecdoche 0 Then many nations will pass by this city Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 22 9 a4v3 figs-doublet 0 bowed down to other gods and worshiped them These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 22 10 mwb9 0 General Information: Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ JER 22 22 l2p1 figs-metaphor 0 The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds T
JER 22 22 m6ua 0 go into captivity “become captives” or “go into exile”
JER 22 23 i6fc figs-metaphor 0 You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 22 23 n9dg figs-you 0 You who live This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 22 23 x4j2 figs-activepassive 0 how you will be pitied The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “they will greatly pity you” or 2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 23 x4j2 figs-activepassive 0 how you will be pitied The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 22 23 vfv9 figs-simile 0 when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 22 24 lcv6 figs-hypo 0 even if you…were the signet on my right hand Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 22 24 fu3p figs-metonymy 0 the signet on my right hand A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ JER 23 12 fgb1 figs-simile 0 their way will be like a slippery place in the dar
JER 23 12 cdv6 figs-metaphor 0 I will send disaster against them Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 13 q2w8 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER 23 13 sqi5 figs-metaphor 0 led my people Israel astray The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 14 kpq8 0 They commit adultery Possible meanings are 1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or 2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
JER 23 14 kpq8 0 They commit adultery Possible meanings are (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
JER 23 14 gu9j figs-idiom 0 walk in deceit This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 23 14 v93v figs-synecdoche 0 They strengthen the hands of evildoers Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 23 14 hf5u 0 no one turns back from his evildoing This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ JER 23 34 zc9i figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” is a metonym for the
JER 23 35 x255 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER 23 35 lj8n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER 23 35 m2dm 0 You continue to say…‘What did Yahweh declare?’ It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
JER 23 36 c4en 0 But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and Possible meaning are 1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or 2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
JER 23 36 c4en 0 But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and Possible meaning are (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
JER 23 36 ppq7 0 you have perverted the words…our God To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
JER 23 37 ntt4 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER 23 37 pg4g 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
@ -1750,8 +1750,8 @@ JER 25 5 nw93 figs-metaphor 0 Let each man turn from his wicked way and the cor
JER 25 5 xe34 figs-doublet 0 his wicked way and the corruption of his practices The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 25 5 jc1p 0 the corruption of his practices “his corrupt practices”
JER 25 6 yxs7 figs-metaphor 0 do not walk after other gods Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 6 cgg6 figs-explicit 0 do not provoke him with the work of your hands The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 7 fz11 figs-explicit 0 you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 6 cgg6 figs-explicit 0 do not provoke him with the work of your hands The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 7 fz11 figs-explicit 0 you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 25 7 t2s6 0 to do harm to you “so that I do harm to you”
JER 25 8 i8m8 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 9 rd1n 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
@ -1775,10 +1775,10 @@ JER 25 17 ti8x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh
JER 25 17 h4ut figs-metonymy 0 I made all the nations…drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations…drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 18 a2nm 0 something terrifying The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
JER 25 18 m6p4 0 an object for hissing and cursing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
JER 25 18 jbw1 0 they are at this present day Possible meanings are that this phrase 1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or 2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
JER 25 18 jbw1 0 they are at this present day Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
JER 25 19 zv1x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 19 c8ay figs-metonymy 0 Other nations also had to drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 25 20 lnv5 0 people of mixed heritage Possible meanings are 1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or 2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
JER 25 20 lnv5 0 people of mixed heritage Possible meanings are (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
JER 25 20 y7a1 translate-names 0 Uz This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 25 22 q9z1 figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 22 e275 0 the sea This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ JER 25 31 luq6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of
JER 25 32 gee1 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 25 32 vv51 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 25 32 zv4e figs-personification 0 disaster is going out from nation to nation Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 25 32 dfh9 figs-metaphor 0 a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or 2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 32 dfh9 figs-metaphor 0 a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 25 33 nd4h figs-activepassive 0 those killed by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 25 33 zab4 figs-merism 0 will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER 25 33 gm43 figs-activepassive 0 they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ JER 26 6 vka9 figs-simile 0 then I will make this house like Shiloh Yahweh had
JER 26 6 qd3h figs-metonymy 0 I will turn this city into a curse What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 26 6 w3q2 0 in the sight of all the nations on earth “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
JER 26 7 id3z 0 Yahweh’s house the temple
JER 26 8 zr32 0 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! Possible meanings are 1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or 2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
JER 26 8 zr32 0 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! Possible meanings are (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
JER 26 9 sb1y figs-rquestion 0 Why have you prophesied…inhabitant? This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied…inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 26 10 kp6h 0 the New Gate the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
JER 26 11 n24j 0 you heard with your own ears “you heard”
@ -1948,7 +1948,7 @@ JER 29 7 y2ms 0 the city…its behalf…it is at peace These words refer to th
JER 29 8 n627 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites.
JER 29 8 ty27 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 29 8 uw13 0 you yourselves are having Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
JER 29 9 k591 0 they are prophesying deceitfully…I did not send them Possible meanings are 1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or 2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
JER 29 9 k591 0 they are prophesying deceitfully…I did not send them Possible meanings are (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
JER 29 9 dl19 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 10 u5xk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
JER 29 10 j5jj 0 you the captive Israelites
@ -1977,7 +1977,7 @@ JER 29 21 rtz1 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I
JER 29 21 nlw5 figs-metonymy 0 I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 21 rp45 0 before your eyes “where you can see him do it”
JER 29 22 bu5e figs-activepassive 0 a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 29 22 d1hq figs-euphemism 0 roasted This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or 2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 29 22 d1hq figs-euphemism 0 roasted This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 29 23 siu5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 24 b1e4 translate-names 0 Shemaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 29 24 zl7z translate-names 0 Nehelamite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2003,8 +2003,8 @@ JER 30 3 s2us figs-metaphor 0 days are coming…when I will restore the fortune
JER 30 3 db1t figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 3 xt2s 0 I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah “I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER 30 4 m5dx writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 30 5 l2xq 0 We have heard Possible meanings are 1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or 2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace Possible meanings are 1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or 2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
JER 30 5 l2xq 0 We have heard Possible meanings are (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace Possible meanings are (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
JER 30 6 br85 0 Ask and see if a man bears a child “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
JER 30 6 t7ik figs-simile 0 Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 30 7 uva8 figs-metonymy 0 for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2105,8 +2105,8 @@ JER 31 21 tws6 0 General Information: God continues to speak from verse 7.
JER 31 21 t8m8 figs-pronouns 0 Place road signs for yourself…Set up guideposts for yourself…Set your mind…you should take…Come back These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 21 kbs3 figs-metaphor 0 Come back, virgin Israel! God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 22 w4vz figs-rquestion 0 How long will you waver, faithless daughter? Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 31 22 ix8p figs-metaphor 0 waver Possible meanings are 1) be unable to decide what to do or 2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 22 gt15 figs-idiom 0 new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man Possible meanings are 1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or 2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 31 22 ix8p figs-metaphor 0 waver Possible meanings are (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 22 gt15 figs-idiom 0 new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man Possible meanings are (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 31 23 i697 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 31 23 glu1 figs-explicit 0 the people Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 31 23 v46w figs-apostrophe 0 May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2123,7 +2123,7 @@ JER 31 28 k8da 0 I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them “loo
JER 31 28 i6nn 0 uproot…tear them down…overthrow…destroy See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
JER 31 28 ha61 figs-metaphor 0 in order to build them up and to plant them Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 29 h14f writing-proverbs 0 Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER 31 29 cx2i 0 sour grapes Possible meanings are 1) grapes with too much acid in them or 2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
JER 31 29 cx2i 0 sour grapes Possible meanings are (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
JER 31 29 ic1b 0 teeth are dulled Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit.
JER 31 30 uyf9 0 For each man will die in his own iniquity “For each man will die because of his own sins”
JER 31 30 pl7f writing-proverbs 0 everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
@ -2221,7 +2221,7 @@ JER 32 28 dcf6 0 See, I am about to give “Listen carefully! I am the one who
JER 32 28 fb9t figs-metonymy 0 give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 29 w46s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 32 29 s7dq 0 in order to provoke me “so that I would become very angry”
JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. Possible meanings are 1) “doing what I consider evil” or 2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. Possible meanings are (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 30 e1kb figs-metaphor 0 since their youth A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 30 qwp4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 31 fxx2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
@ -2236,7 +2236,7 @@ JER 32 34 k9ry 0 their abominable idols “their idols which I hate”
JER 32 34 jn46 figs-activepassive 0 the house that is called by my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 35 cau1 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER 32 35 x89j figs-metonymy 0 It never entered my mind Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 36 y1ua figs-you 0 which you are saying Here “you” is plural. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or 2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 36 y1ua figs-you 0 which you are saying Here “you” is plural. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 32 36 ag2w figs-metonymy 0 It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 37 j7yh 0 to gather them “to gather my people”
JER 32 37 d9i7 figs-doublet 0 wrath, fury, and great anger All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ JER 33 1 wa3r figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is
JER 33 1 k2z4 0 he was still shut within “he was still a prisoner in”
JER 33 1 fe41 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 33 2 hz5q 0 who forms in order to establish who creates things so he can make them exist forever
JER 33 4 g9p1 figs-activepassive 0 that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or 2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 4 g9p1 figs-activepassive 0 that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 33 4 u2ec figs-metonymy 0 the sword This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 33 5 lp8r figs-doublet 0 in my wrath and fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 33 5 czm7 figs-synecdoche 0 I hide my face Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2679,7 +2679,7 @@ JER 41 2 yly4 translate-names 0 Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan See how y
JER 41 2 mt62 figs-metonymy 0 in charge of the land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 41 3 s68d figs-synecdoche 0 Then Ishmael killed Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 41 3 pzn9 figs-activepassive 0 the Chaldean fighting men found there This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 41 4 xv5y translate-ordinal 0 the second day after The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are 1) “the day after” or 2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 41 4 xv5y translate-ordinal 0 the second day after The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER 41 5 te6l translate-numbers 0 eighty men “80 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 41 5 c3sk figs-metonymy 0 in their hands Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 41 5 v4qg 0 to go to Yahweh’s house “to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ JER 42 22 ah9a figs-metonymy 0 you will die by sword Here “sword” represent
JER 42 22 b8em figs-explicit 0 in the place where you desired to go to live They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 43 intro b33q 0 # Jeremiah 43 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### They did not believe Jeremiah<br>After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Babylon invades Egypt<br>Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention.<br><br>## Other possible translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolic actions<br>Jeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JER 43 1 ufu5 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER 43 2 wg2c translate-names 0 Azariah Possible meanings are 1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or 2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 2 wg2c translate-names 0 Azariah Possible meanings are (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 2 a3qd translate-names 0 Hoshaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 2 u1n1 translate-names 0 Johanan…Kareah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 43 3 h7cf 0 inciting to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way
@ -2921,7 +2921,7 @@ JER 46 15 a8tg 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will n
JER 46 15 i1pz figs-rquestion 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 16 a5tm 0 He increases the numbers of those who stumble “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
JER 46 16 c7x1 figs-metonymy 0 Let us leave this sword that is beating us down Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 46 17 bd2w 0 They proclaimed there Possible meanings are 1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or 2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
JER 46 17 bd2w 0 They proclaimed there Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
JER 46 17 kv5n figs-idiom 0 Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 18 a2ci figs-123person 0 declares the King Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 46 18 gmj6 figs-simile 0 someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2963,7 +2963,7 @@ JER 47 4 f7br figs-metaphor 0 to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who
JER 47 4 g199 translate-names 0 Caphtor This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 47 5 u8ep figs-abstractnouns 0 Baldness will come upon Gaza The abstract noun “baldness” can be stated as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 47 5 yv2n translate-symaction 0 Baldness The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 47 5 dw3l figs-euphemism 0 the people…will be made silent Possible meanings are 1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or 2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 47 5 dw3l figs-euphemism 0 the people…will be made silent Possible meanings are (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 47 5 m4h3 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you cut yourself in mourning? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 47 5 f7f4 translate-symaction 0 cut yourself in mourning The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 47 6 eck8 figs-personification 0 sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -2990,7 +2990,7 @@ JER 48 3 bp4x 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruc
JER 48 3 f5ti translate-names 0 Horonaim This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 3 ue2v figs-doublet 0 ruin and great destruction These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 48 4 u8km figs-activepassive 0 Moab has been destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 4 h6mu figs-metonymy 0 Her children Possible meanings are 1) the children who lived in Moab or 2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 4 h6mu figs-metonymy 0 Her children Possible meanings are (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 5 uj9q translate-names 0 Luhith This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 5 cpt9 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the destruction The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 6 lhh3 0 Save your lives The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
@ -3014,7 +3014,7 @@ JER 48 12 nky7 figs-personification 0 send him…tip him over…his pots…his
JER 48 13 le7f figs-metonymy 0 Then Moab Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 13 biu2 translate-names 0 Chemosh Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 13 qrf9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 13 fr2l 0 Bethel Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or 2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
JER 48 13 fr2l 0 Bethel Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
JER 48 14 r8r7 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’? Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 48 15 z5yr figs-activepassive 0 Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 48 15 b73e figs-metaphor 0 its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3053,7 +3053,7 @@ JER 48 30 sx8k figs-rpronouns 0 I myself know his defiant speech The word “my
JER 48 30 wf2k figs-metonymy 0 his defiant speech…like his deeds Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech…like their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 30 s8fk figs-abstractnouns 0 his defiant speech The abstract noun “speech” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 48 31 jtn1 figs-parallelism 0 I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 48 31 cdx5 0 I will howl Possible meanings are 1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or 2) “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 48 31 cdx5 0 I will howl Possible meanings are (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 48 31 x2jk 0 howl a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow
JER 48 31 be4l translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 32 xbx7 translate-names 0 Jazer…Sibmah These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -3069,7 +3069,7 @@ JER 48 34 zq8f translate-names 0 Elealeh…Jahaz…Zoar…Horonaim…Eglath She
JER 48 34 puy7 translate-names 0 Nimrim This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 35 ler4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 48 36 jaw6 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 48 36 qwv8 0 my heart Possible meanings are 1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or 2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
JER 48 36 qwv8 0 my heart Possible meanings are (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
JER 48 36 b311 translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 37 mzh2 translate-symaction 0 For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 48 37 t4g3 0 Incisions cuts made on the skin
@ -3119,7 +3119,7 @@ JER 49 2 p4ct figs-metonymy 0 For Israel will possess those who possessed him H
JER 49 3 ve5q 0 Howl in lament “Cry loudly and weep”
JER 49 3 ywk1 translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 3 kfc8 figs-activepassive 0 for Ai will be devastated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 3 bf53 figs-metaphor 0 daughters of Rabbah Possible meanings are 1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or 2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 3 bf53 figs-metaphor 0 daughters of Rabbah Possible meanings are (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 3 z6g9 0 for Molech is going into captivity “for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
JER 49 4 p3m1 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you brag about your valleys…daughter? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys…daughter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 4 ve6p 0 Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
@ -3213,7 +3213,7 @@ JER 49 28 l7n2 writing-background 0 now Nebuchadnezzar Here “now” introduce
JER 49 28 yq1x figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 29 mmd9 figs-activepassive 0 Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 29 mdi2 figs-activepassive 0 their camels will be led away from them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” Possible meanings are 1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or 2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” Possible meanings are (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
JER 49 30 p7ww 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor.
JER 49 30 a8sg 0 Flee! Wander…Turn back! Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
JER 49 30 dpv9 0 inhabitants of Hazor “people who live in Hazor”
@ -3260,7 +3260,7 @@ JER 50 3 daw4 0 her land The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER 50 3 sf89 figs-abstractnouns 0 make her land a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 4 xb8i figs-doublet 0 In those days and at that time These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 4 f3j1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 4 sdx6 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh their God Seeking Yahweh their God represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 4 sdx6 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh their God Seeking Yahweh their God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 5 e8cx 0 They will ask The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem.
JER 50 5 q3s7 figs-idiom 0 join ourselves to Yahweh This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 5 ch4b figs-activepassive 0 that will not be forgotten This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3272,11 +3272,11 @@ JER 50 7 u3dr 0 they sinned The word “they” refers to the people of Israel
JER 50 7 id3n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 8 en1b 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
JER 50 8 ey2s 0 Leave from the midst of Babylon This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are 1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or 2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 9 dns1 0 For see The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because”
JER 50 9 db8i 0 set in motion “stir up”
JER 50 9 rv59 figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will be captured from there This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 9 sd99 0 from there Possible meanings are 1) “from the north” or 2) “from their battle positions.”
JER 50 9 sd99 0 from there Possible meanings are (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.”
JER 50 9 nm58 figs-simile 0 Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 10 n671 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 10 wnf6 0 Chaldea will become plunder “They will plunder Chaldea”
@ -3289,7 +3289,7 @@ JER 50 11 e4bz figs-simile 0 you neigh like a powerful horse The people of Baby
JER 50 12 a827 figs-pronouns 0 bore you The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 50 12 i83h figs-doublet 0 So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 12 n6mv 0 the least of nations “the most unimportant nation”
JER 50 12 crm8 figs-doublet 0 a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or 2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 12 crm8 figs-doublet 0 a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 13 mm1s figs-abstractnouns 0 a complete devastation The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 13 fl2h 0 shudder shake violently due to fear
JER 50 13 tj8m 0 hiss make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval
@ -3343,11 +3343,11 @@ JER 50 25 qd2z 0 armory this is a building or room where weapons of war are st
JER 50 26 ek5x 0 Attack her from far away Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away”
JER 50 26 h3rp figs-metaphor 0 Open her granaries Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 26 p24s 0 granaries buildings where grain is stored
JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain Possible meanings are 1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or 2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain Possible meanings are (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 26 k8z3 figs-idiom 0 Set her apart for destruction This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 26 uq7q 0 Leave no remnant of her This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
JER 50 27 n3yb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
JER 50 27 wv75 figs-metaphor 0 Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter Possible meaning of “bulls” is 1) soldiers or 2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 27 wv75 figs-metaphor 0 Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter Possible meaning of “bulls” is (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 27 e5p8 figs-explicit 0 Kill all her bulls Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 27 k3c1 0 her bulls The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER 50 27 jtx6 0 them…their The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon.
@ -3390,7 +3390,7 @@ JER 50 37 j5zb 0 storerooms A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables
JER 50 37 fkg9 figs-activepassive 0 they will be plundered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 38 kbz3 0 A drought is coming on her waters “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
JER 50 38 tww1 0 her waters Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city.
JER 50 39 tq6w 0 desert beasts with the jackals Possible meanings are 1) “wild animals and hyenas” or 2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
JER 50 39 tq6w 0 desert beasts with the jackals Possible meanings are (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
JER 50 39 i9i9 0 jackals A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa.
JER 50 39 qe4b 0 ostriches very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.”
JER 50 39 e1qh 0 will live in her The word “her” refers to Babylon.
@ -3431,7 +3431,7 @@ JER 50 46 y112 0 their shout of distress “their shout of pain”
JER 51 intro e537 0 # Jeremiah 51 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64.<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])<br><br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br>
JER 51 1 bz33 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 51 1 mgs4 0 See This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
JER 51 1 az5v 0 a wind of destruction Possible meanings are 1) “a wind that destroys” or 2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
JER 51 1 az5v 0 a wind of destruction Possible meanings are (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
JER 51 1 br1w translate-names 0 Leb Kamai This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 51 2 bdq6 figs-metaphor 0 scatter her and devastate her land…they will come against her The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty…foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 2 w4jj figs-idiom 0 on the day of disaster The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3441,9 +3441,9 @@ JER 51 5 u9ey figs-metonymy 0 Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, b
JER 51 5 t4nl figs-metaphor 0 their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun “offenses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 51 6 ht2y figs-metaphor 0 in her iniquity Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 6 dia4 figs-metaphor 0 will repay all of it to her Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 tj8i figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are 1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or 2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 tj8i figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 bqq8 figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 ye28 figs-metaphor 0 nations drank her wine and became insane Possible meanings are 1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or 2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 7 ye28 figs-metaphor 0 nations drank her wine and became insane Possible meanings are (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 7 s9ql 0 insane unable to think clearly
JER 51 8 zm1s figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will…be destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 8 rer2 0 Wail to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad
@ -3510,7 +3510,7 @@ JER 51 33 w9he figs-simile 0 is like a threshing floor People thresh grain by t
JER 51 33 h2d9 figs-metaphor 0 It is time to trample her down Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 33 i4ix figs-metaphor 0 the time of harvest will come to her The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 34 e1t5 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 34 re9d 0 he has driven me into confusion Possible meanings are 1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or 2) “he has crushed me.”
JER 51 34 re9d 0 he has driven me into confusion Possible meanings are (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.”
JER 51 34 v2wg figs-metaphor 0 has made me an empty pot Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 51 34 v4f3 figs-simile 0 Like a monster Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 34 k3yc figs-metaphor 0 he has swallowed me Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3601,7 +3601,7 @@ JER 52 6 b8bl 0 city This refers to Jerusalem.
JER 52 7 ns94 figs-activepassive 0 the city was broken into This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 7 e7li 0 the two walls the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city
JER 52 8 w5xq 0 plains flat land
JER 52 8 z99u figs-activepassive 0 All his army was scattered This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or 2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 8 z99u figs-activepassive 0 All his army was scattered This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 52 9 e3yw translate-names 0 at Riblah in the land of Hamath Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 52 9 y478 0 passed sentence on him “decided how to punish him”
JER 52 10 rf5w figs-synecdoche 0 slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ LAM 1 8 lwa4 figs-personification 0 her nakedness “her naked.” Jerusalem is
LAM 1 9 tsa8 figs-metaphor 0 She has become unclean beneath her skirts According to the l of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 9 z2lm figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 9 r5x9 figs-idiom 0 Her fall was terrible The phrase “her fall” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Her downfall was astonishing” or “Those who saw her destruction were surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh Possible meanings are that (1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or (2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 9 fv36 0 Look at “Pay attention to”
LAM 1 9 bx6p figs-explicit 0 the enemy has become too great This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has defeated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 1 10 mu6h figs-idiom 0 has put his hand on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has taken possession of” or “has stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ LAM 1 20 le5p figs-personification 0 Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress Jerusal
LAM 1 20 csk1 figs-metaphor 0 my stomach churns The word “churn” means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. Alternate translation: “my insides ache” or “my stomach hurts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 1 20 wyf3 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is disturbed within me Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her “heart” to emphasize her feelings. Alternate translation: “my heart is broken” or “I am extremely sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 1 20 xmz9 figs-metonymy 0 the sword bereaves a mother The “sword” represents the enemy. Alternate translation: “the enemy kills a mother’s children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 1 20 vx25 figs-explicit 0 inside the house there is only death Possible meanings are 1) “inside the house, everyone is dying” or 2) “and inside the house the dead people are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 1 20 vx25 figs-explicit 0 inside the house there is only death Possible meanings are (1) “inside the house, everyone is dying” or (2) “and inside the house the dead people are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 1 21 qm9m figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 21 n3na figs-personification 0 They have heard my groaning “People have heard my groaning.” Jerusalem continues to speak as if she were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 1 21 r2sj 0 you have done it Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ LAM 1 22 j42r figs-explicit 0 deal with them as you have dealt with me This is
LAM 1 22 e4g5 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is faint Here the “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 2 intro w57v 0 # Lamentations 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>God has become Judah’s enemy. He is determined to destroy them.<br>
LAM 2 1 r7dk writing-poetry 0 General Information: A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God’s favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 1 gee6 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger This speaks of the Lord’s anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 1 gee6 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger This speaks of the Lord’s anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are (1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or (2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 1 ddb5 figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Translate as you did in [Lamentations 1:6](../01/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 2 1 qu7x figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown the splendor of Israel down from heaven to earth The phrase “the splendor of Israel” refers to Jerusalem. This passage speaks of the people of Jerusalem losing favor with the Lord as if he threw them out of his presence. The phrase “from heaven to earth” is a great distance used to represent how much they lost favor with the Lord. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord” or “Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 2 1 xfe7 figs-metaphor 0 He has not remembered his footstool This is a reference to the Lord having considered Jerusalem his “footstool” in the past, which symbolized that he had authority over them and that they were submissive to him. This speaks of the Lord disregarding Jerusalem as his footstool as if he did not remember them. Alternate translation: “He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ LAM 2 2 a52b figs-personification 0 the daughter of Judah This is a poetic name
LAM 2 2 a6zu figs-idiom 0 the days of his anger Here “day” is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. Alternate translation: “the time of his anger” or “the time of his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 2 2 gz9b figs-metaphor 0 swallowed up This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 2 v8mh figs-metonymy 0 all the towns of Jacob Here “the towns of Jacob” refers to the towns where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: “all the towns of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem.
LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah Possible meanings are (1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or (2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem.
LAM 2 3 mg13 0 General Information: The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah.
LAM 2 3 ga1g figs-metaphor 0 he has cut off every horn of Israel This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel’s strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word “horn” refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. Alternate translation: “he has taken away all of Israel’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 3 liy3 figs-metonymy 0 withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy Here the Lord’s protection is represented by his “right hand.” Alternate translation: “stopped protecting us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ LAM 2 6 tg96 figs-metonymy 0 He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly
LAM 2 6 zkt2 figs-activepassive 0 caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 2 6 y8if 0 in the indignation of his anger “because he was extremely angry with them”
LAM 2 7 ub33 figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy Here the enemy’s “hand” refers to the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here the word “her” may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) “the walls of the temple” or 2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here the word “her” may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are (1) “the walls of the temple” or (2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 2 7 jx6y figs-irony 0 They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. Alternate translation: “They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LAM 2 7 t8c8 figs-idiom 0 have raised a shout This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “have shouted victoriously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 2 8 de6p figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh decided to destroy the city wall Yahweh chose to have the wall destroyed and caused Jerusalem’s enemy to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ LAM 2 16 p7nl figs-idiom 0 We have lived to see it This is an idiom. Alternate
LAM 2 17 sv6l 0 He has overthrown “He has destroyed”
LAM 2 17 l2hu 0 to rejoice over you This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. Alternate translation: “to rejoice over defeating you”
LAM 2 17 b3zb figs-metonymy 0 he has lifted up the horn of your enemies Here “horn” (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: “he has increased the power of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word “heart” represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or 2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word “heart” represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or (2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 2 18 qsn1 figs-apostrophe 0 walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears flow…no relief The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the “walls,” though this can be written with the first phrase “walls of the daughter of Zion!” spoken to the “walls,” and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
LAM 2 18 ew4w figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 2 18 mbx5 figs-metaphor 0 Make your tears flow down like a river This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. Alternate translation: “Cry many, many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ LAM 3 1 w5zk figs-metonymy 0 under the rod of Yahweh’s fury Being “under th
LAM 3 2 w3mw 0 He drove me away “He forced me to go away”
LAM 3 2 zm2h figs-metaphor 0 caused me to walk in darkness rather than light Here “darkness” represents suffering. Alternate translation: “caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 3 s83d figs-metonymy 0 he turned his hand against me Here “turned his hand against me” represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. Alternate translation: “he has attacked me” or “he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones Possible meanings are 1) these things are a result of being beaten or 2) these are more ways that God punished the man.
LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones Possible meanings are (1) these things are a result of being beaten or (2) these are more ways that God punished the man.
LAM 3 5 qy5b 0 He built up siege works against me Siege works are ramps that an army builds around a city to enable them to climb over the city walls and invade the city.
LAM 3 5 jj4e figs-metaphor 0 He built up siege works against me Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: “God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city” or 2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: “God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 5 jj4e figs-metaphor 0 He built up siege works against me Possible meanings are (1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: “God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city” or (2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: “God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 5 gq5z figs-metaphor 0 surrounded me with bitterness and hardship This represents God causing him to experience much bitterness and hardship. Alternate translation: “caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship” or “caused me to suffer and have many problems” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 5 cn5t figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Here “bitterness” represents suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 6 vnk1 figs-metaphor 0 He made me live in dark places, like those who died long ago Here “dark places” is a metaphor for suffering. The author compares the intensity of his suffering to the intensity of the darkness that those who died long ago experience. Alternate translation: “The suffering that he causes me is intense like the darkness of the grave” or “He makes me suffer terribly, as if I were in the darkness of those who died long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -225,21 +225,21 @@ LAM 3 9 h2bx figs-metaphor 0 He blocked my path The author speaks of God causin
LAM 3 9 b31l 0 a wall of hewn stone “a wall of cut stones.” People would cut stones into regular shapes that could fit together well in order to build a strong wall.
LAM 3 9 ire6 figs-metaphor 0 he made my paths crooked Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has made my paths crooked” or “I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 10 v9qh figs-simile 0 He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths Possible meanings are 1) “he dragged me off the path” or 2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction”
LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths Possible meanings are (1) “he dragged me off the path” or (2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction”
LAM 3 11 whn1 0 he has made me desolate “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help”
LAM 3 12 pxe7 0 General Information: God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior.
LAM 3 12 eb1t 0 He bent his bow A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot”
LAM 3 13 yzp2 figs-metaphor 0 He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. Alternate translation: “My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 13 aa5f figs-metaphor 0 my kidneys The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “deep into my body” or 2) “my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 13 aa5f figs-metaphor 0 my kidneys The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “deep into my body” or “my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 13 i1us 0 quiver a bag worn on the back in which to store arrows
LAM 3 14 et38 figs-hyperbole 0 a laughingstock to all my people The word “all” is a generalization, meaning “most.” Alternate translation: “a laughingstock to most of my people” or “someone whom all my people mock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LAM 3 14 gq72 0 laughingstock someone whom many people mock
LAM 3 15 za84 figs-metaphor 0 He filled me with bitterness Here “bitterness” represents suffering. It is referred to as if it were something that could fill the speaker. Alternate translation: “He has caused me to suffer very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 15 ncz3 figs-metaphor 0 forced me to drink wormwood Wormwood is the bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a certain plant. Drinking that bitter juice represents suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he forced me to drink something very bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 16 b5hh figs-metaphor 0 He has made my teeth grind with gravel Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel” or 2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man’s face down into the gravel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 16 b5hh figs-metaphor 0 He has made my teeth grind with gravel Possible meanings are (1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel” or (2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man’s face down into the gravel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 16 l411 figs-metaphor 0 he made me cower in the ashes The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the ashes of a fire on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 16 tp2g 0 cower make oneself as small as possible because of fear of something one cannot fight against
LAM 3 17 ewh7 0 My soul is deprived of peace Possible meanings are 1) the author’s experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: “I have no peace in my life” or 2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: “I feel no peace in my soul”
LAM 3 17 ewh7 0 My soul is deprived of peace Possible meanings are (1) the author’s experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: “I have no peace in my life” or (2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: “I feel no peace in my soul”
LAM 3 18 ygy3 figs-personification 0 My endurance has perished and so has my hope in Yahweh The author speaks as if his ability to endure more suffering and his hope that Yahweh will help him were living beings that have died. Alternate translation: “I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
LAM 3 18 b3vb 0 endurance Some versions translate this as “glory” or “splendor.”
LAM 3 19 zfr6 0 General Information: In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy.
@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ LAM 3 23 z4xg figs-metaphor 0 they are new every morning The word “they” re
LAM 3 23 dp91 0 your faithfulness The word “your” refers to Yahweh.
LAM 3 24 v6sh figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my inheritance When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 25 e8de 0 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him”
LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him Possible meanings are 1) “all those who depend on him” or 2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.”
LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Possible meanings for “seeks him” are 1) asking God for help or 2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him Possible meanings are (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.”
LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Possible meanings for “seeks him” are (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 28 deh5 0 Let him sit alone in silence The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain”
LAM 3 28 wc7p figs-metaphor 0 when it is laid upon him “when the yoke is laid upon him.” Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: “when he suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ LAM 3 38 hy3k figs-metonymy 0 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that bo
LAM 3 38 fk6t figs-metonymy 0 from the mouth of the Most High Here “mouth” represents what God says or commands. Alternate translation: “from the command of the Most High” or “because the Most High has commanded it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 38 wsx5 figs-metaphor 0 both calamities and the good come Here “come” represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective “the good” can be stated as “good things.” Alternate translation: “both calamities and good things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LAM 3 39 ttp2 figs-rquestion 0 How can any person alive complain? How can a person complain about the punishment for his sins? The author uses these rhetorical questions to teach that people should not complain when God punishes them. Alternate translation: “A person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 3 39 t4dw figs-explicit 0 How can any person alive complain Possible meanings are 1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God’s actions. Alternate translation: “How can a mere person complain” or 2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: “How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 3 39 t4dw figs-explicit 0 How can any person alive complain Possible meanings are (1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God’s actions. Alternate translation: “How can a mere person complain” or (2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: “How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 3 40 ap27 0 General Information: The writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here he speaks of “we” and “us,” not “I” and “me.” In verse 42 the author starts a prayer that he and the people of Israel should pray.
LAM 3 40 yx5k figs-metaphor 0 let us return to Yahweh Here “return to Yahweh” represents submitting to him again. Alternate translation: “let us submit to Yahweh again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 41 xq7n figs-metaphor 0 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands Here “lift up our hearts” represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. Alternate translation: “Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands” or “Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ LAM 3 43 e5cg 0 you have killed “you have killed many of us”
LAM 3 43 is87 figs-metaphor 0 you have not spared Here “spared” represents having pity. Alternate translation: “you have not had pity on us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 44 c25d 0 Connecting Statement: The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](../03/42.md) continues.
LAM 3 44 d6dp figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through This represents God refusing to listen to the people’s prayer. Alternate translation: “You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or 2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are (1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or (2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 3 47 jdl3 figs-abstractnouns 0 panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction The abstract nouns “panic,” “pitfall,” “ruin” and “destruction” can be expressed with verbs. Alternate translation: “we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed” or “we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 47 bm4w 0 pitfall This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way.
LAM 3 47 i597 0 have come upon us “have happened to us”
@ -301,14 +301,14 @@ LAM 3 49 ru79 figs-doublet 0 without ceasing, without relief Both of these phra
LAM 3 50 p99u figs-explicit 0 until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 3 51 i8zw figs-metonymy 0 My eyes cause me grief The phrase “My eyes” represents what he sees. Alternate translation: “What I see causes me to grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 51 bz52 figs-explicit 0 because of all the daughters of my city It can be stated clearly that the “daughters of my city” are suffering. Alternate translation: “because the daughters of my city are suffering” or “because I see the daughters of my city suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city Possible meanings are (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 3 52 n4m1 figs-metaphor 0 I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 53 fen2 0 They cast me into a pit “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well”
LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me Possible meanings are 1) “threw stones down on me” or 2) “covered the pit with a stone”
LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me Possible meanings are (1) “threw stones down on me” or (2) “covered the pit with a stone”
LAM 3 54 ztv4 0 they caused waters to overflow, covering my head “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head”
LAM 3 54 hda5 figs-metaphor 0 I have been cut off Being “cut off” often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 55 dit3 figs-metonymy 0 I called on your name God’s name represents his character, and here, “called on your name” represents trusting God’s character and calling on him for help. Alternate translation: “I called to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or 2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead”
LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or (2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead”
LAM 3 56 s26c figs-metonymy 0 You heard my voice Here “voice” represents what he said. Alternate translation: “You heard my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 56 ur2e figs-metonymy 0 Do not close your ear Here “close your ear” represents refusing to listen. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 3 57 egc5 figs-metonymy 0 You came near People often come near to a person they help. Here “came near” represents helping the man. Alternate translation: “you helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ LAM 4 1 su7t figs-metaphor 0 The gold has become tarnished; how the purest gold
LAM 4 1 v4ij figs-exclamations 0 how the purest gold has changed This is an exclamation that shows the author’s sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LAM 4 1 d474 figs-metaphor 0 The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 1 ild2 0 at the corner of every street “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads”
LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or 2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or (2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 2 ld1a figs-metaphor 0 they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter’s hands The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. Alternate translation: “people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 3 a5ip 0 General Information: Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need.
LAM 4 3 m7cj 0 the jackals offer the breast to nurse their cubs This means that mother jackals feed their baby jackals.
@ -348,12 +348,12 @@ LAM 4 6 ef77 figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of my people This is a poetic name fo
LAM 4 6 l7zs figs-activepassive 0 which was overthrown in a moment The word “which” refers to Sodom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which God destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 6 xk36 figs-activepassive 0 no hands were wrung for her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one wrung their hands for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 6 wg9e figs-metonymy 0 no hands were wrung for her People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which was called “the daughter of my people.” Alternate translation: “no one was worried about her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or 2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or (2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders “Jerusalem’s leaders”
LAM 4 7 cw2z figs-explicit 0 their bodies were more ruddy than coral “their bodies were redder than coral.” This implies that they were healthy. Alternate translation: “their bodies were healthy and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 4 7 a385 0 coral a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations
LAM 4 7 b9bt 0 sapphire a costly blue stone used in jewelry
LAM 4 8 i6jn 0 Their appearance now is darker than soot This may be because 1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or 2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces.
LAM 4 8 i6jn 0 Their appearance now is darker than soot This may be because (1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or (2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces.
LAM 4 8 es9a figs-activepassive 0 they are not recognized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can recognize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 4 8 hhs8 figs-explicit 0 Their skin has shriveled on their bones This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 4 8 asf7 figs-simile 0 it has become as dry as wood Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ LAM 4 13 pz3y figs-parallelism 0 the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of
LAM 4 13 t6hn figs-metonymy 0 who have shed the blood of the righteous Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here “shed the blood” represents murder. Alternate translation: “who have murdered the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 14 ah77 figs-metaphor 0 They wandered, blind, through the streets The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. Alternate translation: “They wandered through the streets like blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 14 b7ti figs-metaphor 0 They were so defiled by that blood Here “defiled” represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” Possible meanings are 1) the blood was on their clothes or 2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” Possible meanings are (1) the blood was on their clothes or (2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 15 qtp2 0 Away! Unclean “Go away! You are unclean”
LAM 4 15 uf2c 0 Away! Away! Do not touch “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us”
LAM 4 16 s74r 0 scattered them “scattered the prophets and priests”
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ LAM 4 17 ep11 0 in vain without succeeding
LAM 4 17 j62q figs-metaphor 0 we watched for a nation that could not rescue us Here “watched” represents hoping. It can be stated clearly that they were hoping that a nation would come and rescue them. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a nation to come and rescue us, but it could not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 4 18 ah5m figs-metonymy 0 They followed our steps Here “our steps” represents where they went. Alternate translation: “Our enemies followed us everywhere we went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 4 18 sgr6 figs-metaphor 0 Our end was near Here “near” is a metaphor for “soon.” Alternate translation: “Our end would be soon” or “Our enemies would soon destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 18 g9cv figs-explicit 0 Our end Possible meanings are 1) “Our end” refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate translation: “Our destruction” or “Our capture” or 2) “Our end” refers to the end of their lives. Alternate translation: “Our death” or “The time for us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 4 18 g9cv figs-explicit 0 Our end Possible meanings are (1) “Our end” refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate translation: “Our destruction” or “Our capture” or (2) “Our end” refers to the end of their lives. Alternate translation: “Our death” or “The time for us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 4 18 m59p figs-metaphor 0 our days were numbered Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. Alternate translation: “we had very little time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 18 knb5 figs-metaphor 0 our end had come The phrase “had come” means that what they had expected was now happening. Alternate translation: “it was now the end for us” or “our enemies were attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 4 19 a693 figs-simile 0 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. Alternate translation: “Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -414,21 +414,21 @@ LAM 5 5 nf7c figs-metaphor 0 we can find no rest This speaks of being able to r
LAM 5 6 ysv9 figs-idiom 0 We have given ourselves to Egypt and to Assyria to get enough food This phrase “given ourselves” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have made a treaty with Egypt and with Assyria so that we would have food to eat” or “We have surrendered to Egypt and to Assyria to have enough food to remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LAM 5 7 ecx8 figs-euphemism 0 they are no more This refers to them being dead. Alternate translation: “they have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
LAM 5 7 zhr6 figs-metonymy 0 we bear their iniquities Here “iniquities” represents the punishment received because of their ancestors’ sins. Alternate translation: “we bear the punishment for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 5 8 em5u figs-explicit 0 Slaves rule over us Possible meanings are 1) “Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon” or 2) “People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 5 8 em5u figs-explicit 0 Slaves rule over us Possible meanings are (1) “Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon” or (2) “People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 5 8 ku5l figs-metonymy 0 to deliver us from their hand Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “to rescue us from their control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 5 9 nl6v figs-metonymy 0 bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 5 9 uiq1 figs-metonymy 0 because of the sword in the wilderness Here robbers with swords are represented by their “swords.” Alternate translation: “because there are robbers in the wilderness who kill others with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 5 10 r3jf figs-simile 0 Our skin has grown as hot as an oven because of the burning heat of hunger This speaks of the peoples’ bodies being hot and feverish as if their skin was as hot as an oven. The people have fever because of their hunger. Alternate translation: “Our skin has become hot like an oven, and we have a very high fever because we are extremely hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LAM 5 11 z35x figs-parallelism 0 Women are raped in Zion, and virgins in the cities of Judah These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize that the women are being violated. The words “are raped” are understood in the second part of this sentence and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “Women are raped in Zion, and virgins are raped in the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LAM 5 11 y3me figs-activepassive 0 Women are raped…and virgins This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have raped the women…and the virgins” or “Our enemies have violated the women…and the virgins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 5 12 zb12 0 Princes are hung up by their own hands Possible meanings are 1) the word “their” refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: “With their own hands, they hung princes” or 2) they tied each prince’s hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince’s feet could not touch the ground.
LAM 5 12 zb12 0 Princes are hung up by their own hands Possible meanings are (1) the word “their” refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: “With their own hands, they hung princes” or (2) they tied each prince’s hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince’s feet could not touch the ground.
LAM 5 12 g7iq figs-activepassive 0 no honor is shown to the elders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they have shown no honor to the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 5 13 f7ub figs-activepassive 0 Young men are forced This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They force young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LAM 5 13 fzz3 figs-explicit 0 boys stagger under heavy loads of wood The boys are forced to carry the loads of wood. Alternate translation: “boys stagger because they are forced to carry heavy loads of wood” or “they force the boys to carry heavy loads of wood which make them stagger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 5 14 ji4x 0 the city gate This is where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially.
LAM 5 14 j6xc figs-metaphor 0 the young men have left their music Playing music was part of the social life at the city gate. This speaks of the men no longer playing their music as if the act of playing music were a place that they left. Alternate translation: “the young men have stopped playing their music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 5 15 l248 figs-synecdoche 0 The joy of our heart Here the word “heart” refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. Alternate translation: “Our joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LAM 5 16 j13s figs-metonymy 0 The crown has fallen from our head Possible meanings are 1) “We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations” or 2) The “crown” represents their king and their “head” represents a place of authority over the people. Alternate translation: “We no longer have a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 5 16 j13s figs-metonymy 0 The crown has fallen from our head Possible meanings are (1) “We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations” or (2) The “crown” represents their king and their “head” represents a place of authority over the people. Alternate translation: “We no longer have a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 5 17 gbn4 figs-metonymy 0 For this our heart has become sick The “heart” represents a person’s emotions. This speaks of a person being discouraged as if their emotions were sick. Alternate translation: “Because of this we are discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 5 17 tqx4 figs-explicit 0 for these things our eyes grow dim This means that they have a hard time seeing because they are crying. Alternate translation: “and we can hardly see because our eyes are full of tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LAM 5 18 p4v1 0 for Mount Zion lies desolate Here “Mount Zion” refers to Jerusalem. The phrase “lies desolate” means that no one lives there.
@ -438,5 +438,5 @@ LAM 5 19 bv71 figs-idiom 0 from generation to generation This is an idiom. Alte
LAM 5 20 kf3s figs-rquestion 0 Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for the length of your days? The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LAM 5 20 yr7c figs-idiom 0 for the length of your days Here this idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as “forever.” Perhaps the writer was uing hyperbole and exaggerating the length of time he believed that God was forsaking them. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LAM 5 21 igv8 0 Restore us to yourself “Bring us back to yourself”
LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure Possible meanings are 1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or 2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them.
LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure Possible meanings are (1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or (2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them.
LAM 5 22 x3ad figs-hypo 0 are angry with us beyond measure This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “are extremely angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
48 LAM 1 9 tsa8 figs-metaphor 0 She has become unclean beneath her skirts According to the l of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49 LAM 1 9 z2lm figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50 LAM 1 9 r5x9 figs-idiom 0 Her fall was terrible The phrase “her fall” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Her downfall was astonishing” or “Those who saw her destruction were surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
51 LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) Possible meanings are that (1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or (2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
52 LAM 1 9 fv36 0 Look at “Pay attention to”
53 LAM 1 9 bx6p figs-explicit 0 the enemy has become too great This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has defeated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
54 LAM 1 10 mu6h figs-idiom 0 has put his hand on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has taken possession of” or “has stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
103 LAM 1 20 csk1 figs-metaphor 0 my stomach churns The word “churn” means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. Alternate translation: “my insides ache” or “my stomach hurts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104 LAM 1 20 wyf3 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is disturbed within me Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her “heart” to emphasize her feelings. Alternate translation: “my heart is broken” or “I am extremely sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
105 LAM 1 20 xmz9 figs-metonymy 0 the sword bereaves a mother The “sword” represents the enemy. Alternate translation: “the enemy kills a mother’s children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
106 LAM 1 20 vx25 figs-explicit 0 inside the house there is only death Possible meanings are 1) “inside the house, everyone is dying” or 2) “and inside the house the dead people are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) “inside the house, everyone is dying” or (2) “and inside the house the dead people are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
107 LAM 1 21 qm9m figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
108 LAM 1 21 n3na figs-personification 0 They have heard my groaning “People have heard my groaning.” Jerusalem continues to speak as if she were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
109 LAM 1 21 r2sj 0 you have done it Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
114 LAM 1 22 e4g5 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is faint Here the “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
115 LAM 2 intro w57v 0 # Lamentations 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>God has become Judah’s enemy. He is determined to destroy them.<br>
116 LAM 2 1 r7dk writing-poetry 0 General Information: A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God’s favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117 LAM 2 1 gee6 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger This speaks of the Lord’s anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This speaks of the Lord’s anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are (1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or (2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118 LAM 2 1 ddb5 figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Translate as you did in [Lamentations 1:6](../01/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
119 LAM 2 1 qu7x figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown the splendor of Israel down from heaven to earth The phrase “the splendor of Israel” refers to Jerusalem. This passage speaks of the people of Jerusalem losing favor with the Lord as if he threw them out of his presence. The phrase “from heaven to earth” is a great distance used to represent how much they lost favor with the Lord. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord” or “Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
120 LAM 2 1 xfe7 figs-metaphor 0 He has not remembered his footstool This is a reference to the Lord having considered Jerusalem his “footstool” in the past, which symbolized that he had authority over them and that they were submissive to him. This speaks of the Lord disregarding Jerusalem as his footstool as if he did not remember them. Alternate translation: “He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124 LAM 2 2 a6zu figs-idiom 0 the days of his anger Here “day” is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. Alternate translation: “the time of his anger” or “the time of his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
125 LAM 2 2 gz9b figs-metaphor 0 swallowed up This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126 LAM 2 2 v8mh figs-metonymy 0 all the towns of Jacob Here “the towns of Jacob” refers to the towns where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: “all the towns of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
127 LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or (2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem.
128 LAM 2 3 mg13 0 General Information: The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah.
129 LAM 2 3 ga1g figs-metaphor 0 he has cut off every horn of Israel This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel’s strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word “horn” refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. Alternate translation: “he has taken away all of Israel’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130 LAM 2 3 liy3 figs-metonymy 0 withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy Here the Lord’s protection is represented by his “right hand.” Alternate translation: “stopped protecting us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
143 LAM 2 6 zkt2 figs-activepassive 0 caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
144 LAM 2 6 y8if 0 in the indignation of his anger “because he was extremely angry with them”
145 LAM 2 7 ub33 figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy Here the enemy’s “hand” refers to the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
146 LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here the word “her” may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) “the walls of the temple” or 2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Here the word “her” may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are (1) “the walls of the temple” or (2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
147 LAM 2 7 jx6y figs-irony 0 They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. Alternate translation: “They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
148 LAM 2 7 t8c8 figs-idiom 0 have raised a shout This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “have shouted victoriously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
149 LAM 2 8 de6p figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh decided to destroy the city wall Yahweh chose to have the wall destroyed and caused Jerusalem’s enemy to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182 LAM 2 17 sv6l 0 He has overthrown “He has destroyed”
183 LAM 2 17 l2hu 0 to rejoice over you This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. Alternate translation: “to rejoice over defeating you”
184 LAM 2 17 b3zb figs-metonymy 0 he has lifted up the horn of your enemies Here “horn” (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: “he has increased the power of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
185 LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word “heart” represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or 2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) Here the word “heart” represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or (2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
186 LAM 2 18 qsn1 figs-apostrophe 0 walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears flow…no relief The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the “walls,” though this can be written with the first phrase “walls of the daughter of Zion!” spoken to the “walls,” and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
187 LAM 2 18 ew4w figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
188 LAM 2 18 mbx5 figs-metaphor 0 Make your tears flow down like a river This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. Alternate translation: “Cry many, many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213 LAM 3 2 w3mw 0 He drove me away “He forced me to go away”
214 LAM 3 2 zm2h figs-metaphor 0 caused me to walk in darkness rather than light Here “darkness” represents suffering. Alternate translation: “caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215 LAM 3 3 s83d figs-metonymy 0 he turned his hand against me Here “turned his hand against me” represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. Alternate translation: “he has attacked me” or “he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216 LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones Possible meanings are 1) these things are a result of being beaten or 2) these are more ways that God punished the man. Possible meanings are (1) these things are a result of being beaten or (2) these are more ways that God punished the man.
217 LAM 3 5 qy5b 0 He built up siege works against me Siege works are ramps that an army builds around a city to enable them to climb over the city walls and invade the city.
218 LAM 3 5 jj4e figs-metaphor 0 He built up siege works against me Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: “God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city” or 2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: “God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: “God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city” or (2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: “God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219 LAM 3 5 gq5z figs-metaphor 0 surrounded me with bitterness and hardship This represents God causing him to experience much bitterness and hardship. Alternate translation: “caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship” or “caused me to suffer and have many problems” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220 LAM 3 5 cn5t figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Here “bitterness” represents suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221 LAM 3 6 vnk1 figs-metaphor 0 He made me live in dark places, like those who died long ago Here “dark places” is a metaphor for suffering. The author compares the intensity of his suffering to the intensity of the darkness that those who died long ago experience. Alternate translation: “The suffering that he causes me is intense like the darkness of the grave” or “He makes me suffer terribly, as if I were in the darkness of those who died long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
225 LAM 3 9 b31l 0 a wall of hewn stone “a wall of cut stones.” People would cut stones into regular shapes that could fit together well in order to build a strong wall.
226 LAM 3 9 ire6 figs-metaphor 0 he made my paths crooked Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has made my paths crooked” or “I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227 LAM 3 10 v9qh figs-simile 0 He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
228 LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths Possible meanings are 1) “he dragged me off the path” or 2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction” Possible meanings are (1) “he dragged me off the path” or (2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction”
229 LAM 3 11 whn1 0 he has made me desolate “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help”
230 LAM 3 12 pxe7 0 General Information: God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior.
231 LAM 3 12 eb1t 0 He bent his bow A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot”
232 LAM 3 13 yzp2 figs-metaphor 0 He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. Alternate translation: “My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233 LAM 3 13 aa5f figs-metaphor 0 my kidneys The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “deep into my body” or 2) “my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “deep into my body” or “my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
234 LAM 3 13 i1us 0 quiver a bag worn on the back in which to store arrows
235 LAM 3 14 et38 figs-hyperbole 0 a laughingstock to all my people The word “all” is a generalization, meaning “most.” Alternate translation: “a laughingstock to most of my people” or “someone whom all my people mock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
236 LAM 3 14 gq72 0 laughingstock someone whom many people mock
237 LAM 3 15 za84 figs-metaphor 0 He filled me with bitterness Here “bitterness” represents suffering. It is referred to as if it were something that could fill the speaker. Alternate translation: “He has caused me to suffer very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
238 LAM 3 15 ncz3 figs-metaphor 0 forced me to drink wormwood Wormwood is the bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a certain plant. Drinking that bitter juice represents suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he forced me to drink something very bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
239 LAM 3 16 b5hh figs-metaphor 0 He has made my teeth grind with gravel Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel” or 2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man’s face down into the gravel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel” or (2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man’s face down into the gravel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240 LAM 3 16 l411 figs-metaphor 0 he made me cower in the ashes The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the ashes of a fire on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241 LAM 3 16 tp2g 0 cower make oneself as small as possible because of fear of something one cannot fight against
242 LAM 3 17 ewh7 0 My soul is deprived of peace Possible meanings are 1) the author’s experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: “I have no peace in my life” or 2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: “I feel no peace in my soul” Possible meanings are (1) the author’s experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: “I have no peace in my life” or (2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: “I feel no peace in my soul”
243 LAM 3 18 ygy3 figs-personification 0 My endurance has perished and so has my hope in Yahweh The author speaks as if his ability to endure more suffering and his hope that Yahweh will help him were living beings that have died. Alternate translation: “I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
244 LAM 3 18 b3vb 0 endurance Some versions translate this as “glory” or “splendor.”
245 LAM 3 19 zfr6 0 General Information: In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy.
253 LAM 3 23 dp91 0 your faithfulness The word “your” refers to Yahweh.
254 LAM 3 24 v6sh figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my inheritance When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
255 LAM 3 25 e8de 0 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him”
256 LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him Possible meanings are 1) “all those who depend on him” or 2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.” Possible meanings are (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.”
257 LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Possible meanings for “seeks him” are 1) asking God for help or 2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings for “seeks him” are (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
258 LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
259 LAM 3 28 deh5 0 Let him sit alone in silence The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain”
260 LAM 3 28 wc7p figs-metaphor 0 when it is laid upon him “when the yoke is laid upon him.” Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: “when he suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
279 LAM 3 38 fk6t figs-metonymy 0 from the mouth of the Most High Here “mouth” represents what God says or commands. Alternate translation: “from the command of the Most High” or “because the Most High has commanded it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
280 LAM 3 38 wsx5 figs-metaphor 0 both calamities and the good come Here “come” represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective “the good” can be stated as “good things.” Alternate translation: “both calamities and good things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
281 LAM 3 39 ttp2 figs-rquestion 0 How can any person alive complain? How can a person complain about the punishment for his sins? The author uses these rhetorical questions to teach that people should not complain when God punishes them. Alternate translation: “A person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
282 LAM 3 39 t4dw figs-explicit 0 How can any person alive complain Possible meanings are 1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God’s actions. Alternate translation: “How can a mere person complain” or 2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: “How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God’s actions. Alternate translation: “How can a mere person complain” or (2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: “How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
283 LAM 3 40 ap27 0 General Information: The writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here he speaks of “we” and “us,” not “I” and “me.” In verse 42 the author starts a prayer that he and the people of Israel should pray.
284 LAM 3 40 yx5k figs-metaphor 0 let us return to Yahweh Here “return to Yahweh” represents submitting to him again. Alternate translation: “let us submit to Yahweh again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
285 LAM 3 41 xq7n figs-metaphor 0 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands Here “lift up our hearts” represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. Alternate translation: “Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands” or “Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
289 LAM 3 43 is87 figs-metaphor 0 you have not spared Here “spared” represents having pity. Alternate translation: “you have not had pity on us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
290 LAM 3 44 c25d 0 Connecting Statement: The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](../03/42.md) continues.
291 LAM 3 44 d6dp figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through This represents God refusing to listen to the people’s prayer. Alternate translation: “You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
292 LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or 2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are (1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or (2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
293 LAM 3 47 jdl3 figs-abstractnouns 0 panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction The abstract nouns “panic,” “pitfall,” “ruin” and “destruction” can be expressed with verbs. Alternate translation: “we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed” or “we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
294 LAM 3 47 bm4w 0 pitfall This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way.
295 LAM 3 47 i597 0 have come upon us “have happened to us”
301 LAM 3 50 p99u figs-explicit 0 until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
302 LAM 3 51 i8zw figs-metonymy 0 My eyes cause me grief The phrase “My eyes” represents what he sees. Alternate translation: “What I see causes me to grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
303 LAM 3 51 bz52 figs-explicit 0 because of all the daughters of my city It can be stated clearly that the “daughters of my city” are suffering. Alternate translation: “because the daughters of my city are suffering” or “because I see the daughters of my city suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
304 LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
305 LAM 3 52 n4m1 figs-metaphor 0 I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
306 LAM 3 53 fen2 0 They cast me into a pit “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well”
307 LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me Possible meanings are 1) “threw stones down on me” or 2) “covered the pit with a stone” Possible meanings are (1) “threw stones down on me” or (2) “covered the pit with a stone”
308 LAM 3 54 ztv4 0 they caused waters to overflow, covering my head “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head”
309 LAM 3 54 hda5 figs-metaphor 0 I have been cut off Being “cut off” often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
310 LAM 3 55 dit3 figs-metonymy 0 I called on your name God’s name represents his character, and here, “called on your name” represents trusting God’s character and calling on him for help. Alternate translation: “I called to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
311 LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or 2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead” Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or (2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead”
312 LAM 3 56 s26c figs-metonymy 0 You heard my voice Here “voice” represents what he said. Alternate translation: “You heard my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
313 LAM 3 56 ur2e figs-metonymy 0 Do not close your ear Here “close your ear” represents refusing to listen. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
314 LAM 3 57 egc5 figs-metonymy 0 You came near People often come near to a person they help. Here “came near” represents helping the man. Alternate translation: “you helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329 LAM 4 1 v4ij figs-exclamations 0 how the purest gold has changed This is an exclamation that shows the author’s sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
330 LAM 4 1 d474 figs-metaphor 0 The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331 LAM 4 1 ild2 0 at the corner of every street “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads”
332 LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or 2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or (2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
333 LAM 4 2 ld1a figs-metaphor 0 they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter’s hands The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. Alternate translation: “people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334 LAM 4 3 a5ip 0 General Information: Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need.
335 LAM 4 3 m7cj 0 the jackals offer the breast to nurse their cubs This means that mother jackals feed their baby jackals.
348 LAM 4 6 l7zs figs-activepassive 0 which was overthrown in a moment The word “which” refers to Sodom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which God destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
349 LAM 4 6 xk36 figs-activepassive 0 no hands were wrung for her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one wrung their hands for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
350 LAM 4 6 wg9e figs-metonymy 0 no hands were wrung for her People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which was called “the daughter of my people.” Alternate translation: “no one was worried about her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
351 LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk Possible meanings are 1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or 2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or (2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352 LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders “Jerusalem’s leaders”
353 LAM 4 7 cw2z figs-explicit 0 their bodies were more ruddy than coral “their bodies were redder than coral.” This implies that they were healthy. Alternate translation: “their bodies were healthy and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
354 LAM 4 7 a385 0 coral a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations
355 LAM 4 7 b9bt 0 sapphire a costly blue stone used in jewelry
356 LAM 4 8 i6jn 0 Their appearance now is darker than soot This may be because 1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or 2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. This may be because (1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or (2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces.
357 LAM 4 8 es9a figs-activepassive 0 they are not recognized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can recognize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
358 LAM 4 8 hhs8 figs-explicit 0 Their skin has shriveled on their bones This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
359 LAM 4 8 asf7 figs-simile 0 it has become as dry as wood Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
374 LAM 4 13 t6hn figs-metonymy 0 who have shed the blood of the righteous Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here “shed the blood” represents murder. Alternate translation: “who have murdered the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
375 LAM 4 14 ah77 figs-metaphor 0 They wandered, blind, through the streets The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. Alternate translation: “They wandered through the streets like blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
376 LAM 4 14 b7ti figs-metaphor 0 They were so defiled by that blood Here “defiled” represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377 LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” Possible meanings are 1) the blood was on their clothes or 2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) “defiled by the blood that they shed.” Possible meanings are (1) the blood was on their clothes or (2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
378 LAM 4 15 qtp2 0 Away! Unclean “Go away! You are unclean”
379 LAM 4 15 uf2c 0 Away! Away! Do not touch “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us”
380 LAM 4 16 s74r 0 scattered them “scattered the prophets and priests”
385 LAM 4 17 j62q figs-metaphor 0 we watched for a nation that could not rescue us Here “watched” represents hoping. It can be stated clearly that they were hoping that a nation would come and rescue them. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a nation to come and rescue us, but it could not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
386 LAM 4 18 ah5m figs-metonymy 0 They followed our steps Here “our steps” represents where they went. Alternate translation: “Our enemies followed us everywhere we went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
387 LAM 4 18 sgr6 figs-metaphor 0 Our end was near Here “near” is a metaphor for “soon.” Alternate translation: “Our end would be soon” or “Our enemies would soon destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
388 LAM 4 18 g9cv figs-explicit 0 Our end Possible meanings are 1) “Our end” refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate translation: “Our destruction” or “Our capture” or 2) “Our end” refers to the end of their lives. Alternate translation: “Our death” or “The time for us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Our end” refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate translation: “Our destruction” or “Our capture” or (2) “Our end” refers to the end of their lives. Alternate translation: “Our death” or “The time for us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
389 LAM 4 18 m59p figs-metaphor 0 our days were numbered Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. Alternate translation: “we had very little time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
390 LAM 4 18 knb5 figs-metaphor 0 our end had come The phrase “had come” means that what they had expected was now happening. Alternate translation: “it was now the end for us” or “our enemies were attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391 LAM 4 19 a693 figs-simile 0 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. Alternate translation: “Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
414 LAM 5 6 ysv9 figs-idiom 0 We have given ourselves to Egypt and to Assyria to get enough food This phrase “given ourselves” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have made a treaty with Egypt and with Assyria so that we would have food to eat” or “We have surrendered to Egypt and to Assyria to have enough food to remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
415 LAM 5 7 ecx8 figs-euphemism 0 they are no more This refers to them being dead. Alternate translation: “they have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
416 LAM 5 7 zhr6 figs-metonymy 0 we bear their iniquities Here “iniquities” represents the punishment received because of their ancestors’ sins. Alternate translation: “we bear the punishment for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
417 LAM 5 8 em5u figs-explicit 0 Slaves rule over us Possible meanings are 1) “Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon” or 2) “People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon” or (2) “People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
418 LAM 5 8 ku5l figs-metonymy 0 to deliver us from their hand Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “to rescue us from their control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
419 LAM 5 9 nl6v figs-metonymy 0 bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420 LAM 5 9 uiq1 figs-metonymy 0 because of the sword in the wilderness Here robbers with swords are represented by their “swords.” Alternate translation: “because there are robbers in the wilderness who kill others with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
421 LAM 5 10 r3jf figs-simile 0 Our skin has grown as hot as an oven because of the burning heat of hunger This speaks of the peoples’ bodies being hot and feverish as if their skin was as hot as an oven. The people have fever because of their hunger. Alternate translation: “Our skin has become hot like an oven, and we have a very high fever because we are extremely hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
422 LAM 5 11 z35x figs-parallelism 0 Women are raped in Zion, and virgins in the cities of Judah These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize that the women are being violated. The words “are raped” are understood in the second part of this sentence and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “Women are raped in Zion, and virgins are raped in the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
423 LAM 5 11 y3me figs-activepassive 0 Women are raped…and virgins This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have raped the women…and the virgins” or “Our enemies have violated the women…and the virgins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
424 LAM 5 12 zb12 0 Princes are hung up by their own hands Possible meanings are 1) the word “their” refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: “With their own hands, they hung princes” or 2) they tied each prince’s hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince’s feet could not touch the ground. Possible meanings are (1) the word “their” refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: “With their own hands, they hung princes” or (2) they tied each prince’s hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince’s feet could not touch the ground.
425 LAM 5 12 g7iq figs-activepassive 0 no honor is shown to the elders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they have shown no honor to the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
426 LAM 5 13 f7ub figs-activepassive 0 Young men are forced This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They force young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
427 LAM 5 13 fzz3 figs-explicit 0 boys stagger under heavy loads of wood The boys are forced to carry the loads of wood. Alternate translation: “boys stagger because they are forced to carry heavy loads of wood” or “they force the boys to carry heavy loads of wood which make them stagger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428 LAM 5 14 ji4x 0 the city gate This is where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially.
429 LAM 5 14 j6xc figs-metaphor 0 the young men have left their music Playing music was part of the social life at the city gate. This speaks of the men no longer playing their music as if the act of playing music were a place that they left. Alternate translation: “the young men have stopped playing their music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430 LAM 5 15 l248 figs-synecdoche 0 The joy of our heart Here the word “heart” refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. Alternate translation: “Our joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
431 LAM 5 16 j13s figs-metonymy 0 The crown has fallen from our head Possible meanings are 1) “We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations” or 2) The “crown” represents their king and their “head” represents a place of authority over the people. Alternate translation: “We no longer have a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations” or (2) The “crown” represents their king and their “head” represents a place of authority over the people. Alternate translation: “We no longer have a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
432 LAM 5 17 gbn4 figs-metonymy 0 For this our heart has become sick The “heart” represents a person’s emotions. This speaks of a person being discouraged as if their emotions were sick. Alternate translation: “Because of this we are discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
433 LAM 5 17 tqx4 figs-explicit 0 for these things our eyes grow dim This means that they have a hard time seeing because they are crying. Alternate translation: “and we can hardly see because our eyes are full of tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
434 LAM 5 18 p4v1 0 for Mount Zion lies desolate Here “Mount Zion” refers to Jerusalem. The phrase “lies desolate” means that no one lives there.
438 LAM 5 20 kf3s figs-rquestion 0 Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for the length of your days? The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
439 LAM 5 20 yr7c figs-idiom 0 for the length of your days Here this idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as “forever.” Perhaps the writer was uing hyperbole and exaggerating the length of time he believed that God was forsaking them. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
440 LAM 5 21 igv8 0 Restore us to yourself “Bring us back to yourself”
441 LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure Possible meanings are 1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or 2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them. Possible meanings are (1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or (2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them.
442 LAM 5 22 x3ad figs-hypo 0 are angry with us beyond measure This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “are extremely angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

156
en_tn_26-EZK.tsv
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ EZK 1 4 h13x 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
EZK 1 4 lz9t 0 a windstorm This is a storm that has a lot of wind.
EZK 1 4 my5g 0 coming from the north North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising.
EZK 1 4 c9um 0 a great cloud with fire flashing within it This can be translated as a new sentence: “The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it”
EZK 1 4 p3zk 0 fire flashing Possible meanings are 1) “flashing lightning” or 2) “constant lightning.”
EZK 1 4 p3zk 0 fire flashing Possible meanings are (1) “flashing lightning” or (2) “constant lightning.”
EZK 1 4 uce2 0 brightness surrounding it and inside of it “a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it”
EZK 1 4 gn1u 0 the color of amber “bright yellow like amber” or “bright yellow” or “glowing yellow”
EZK 1 4 s1hw 0 amber a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ EZK 1 16 yue4 0 like beryl Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of
EZK 1 16 du8h figs-abstractnouns 0 the four had the same likeness Here the abstract noun “likeness” refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 16 q9kt figs-abstractnouns 0 their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel The abstract nouns “appearance” and “structure” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 17 d4vz 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
EZK 1 17 yzc3 0 they went in any of their four directions Possible meanings are 1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or 2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 1 17 yzc3 0 they went in any of their four directions Possible meanings are (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 1 18 tsz7 0 As for their rims “This is what the rims of the wheels looked like”
EZK 1 18 j5l2 0 they were high and fearsome “the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring” or “the rims where tall and frightening”
EZK 1 18 q999 0 for the rims were full of eyes round about “because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels”
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ EZK 1 19 pwu8 figs-explicit 0 When the living creatures rose up from the earth
EZK 1 19 c3bw 0 the wheels also rose up “the wheels also left the ground and went into the air”
EZK 1 20 q1gf 0 Wherever the Spirit would go, they went The word “they” refers to the creatures.
EZK 1 20 i3ax 0 the wheels rose up beside them “the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures”
EZK 1 20 sqv9 figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 1 20 sqv9 figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels Possible meanings are (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 1 22 ikj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of an expansive dome Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 22 l6f5 0 an expansive dome A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. “Expansive” means very large. “a huge upside-down bowl”
EZK 1 22 hu3m 0 awe-inspiring crystal “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it”
@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ EZK 1 22 unz5 0 stretched out over their heads above “and the expansive dome
EZK 1 23 w3ga 0 Beneath the dome “under the dome”
EZK 1 23 h3u3 0 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies”
EZK 1 24 kdw7 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures.
EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like Other possible meanings are that the words “whenever they moved” refer to 1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or 2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.”
EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like Other possible meanings are that the words “whenever they moved” refer to (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.”
EZK 1 24 nht8 figs-simile 0 Like…waters. Like…moved. Like…rainstorm. Like…army. These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: “The wings sounded like…water. They sounded like…moved. They sounded like…rainstorm. They sounded like…army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 24 pa6v 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud.
EZK 1 24 a1wk figs-metonymy 0 Like the voice of the Almighty The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as “the voice of the Almighty.” Alternate translation: “It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God” or “It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 1 24 ii8k figs-simile 0 Like the sound of a rainstorm Possible meanings are: 1) “Like the sound of very big storm” or 2) “Like the sound of a very large crowd of people” Alternate translation: “There was a sound that was loud like a big storm” or “There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 24 ii8k figs-simile 0 Like the sound of a rainstorm Possible meanings are: (1) “Like the sound of very big storm” or (2) “Like the sound of a very large crowd of people” Alternate translation: “There was a sound that was loud like a big storm” or “There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 24 m4zj 0 Whenever they stood still “Whenever the creatures stopped moving”
EZK 1 24 lip7 0 they lowered their wings “the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides.” They did this when they were not using their wings to fly.
EZK 1 25 fdh7 0 A voice came from above the dome “Someone who was above the dome spoke.” If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)).
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ EZK 2 intro pp1p 0 # Ezekiel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
EZK 2 1 k2gu 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.
EZK 2 1 jk2d 0 He said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 2 1 djp4 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 2 2 nf31 0 the Spirit Other possible meanings are 1) “a spirit” or 2) “a wind.”
EZK 2 2 nf31 0 the Spirit Other possible meanings are (1) “a spirit” or (2) “a wind.”
EZK 2 3 rd8n 0 up to this very day “even now” or “even today.” This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God.
EZK 2 4 f7ws 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 2 4 nn58 0 Their descendants the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ EZK 2 6 k1u5 figs-metonymy 0 be dismayed by their faces The words “their face
EZK 2 7 r72s 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 2 7 phz2 0 are most rebellious “are very rebellious” or “totally rebel against me”
EZK 2 8 ndb7 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me It was as if 1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or 2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand.
EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me It was as if (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand.
EZK 2 9 h5d1 0 a written scroll “a scroll that had writing on it”
EZK 2 10 mxi2 0 He spread it out The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)).
EZK 2 10 h57t figs-activepassive 0 it had been written on both its front and back This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on both its front and its back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ EZK 3 14 h4qw 0 General Information: Ezekiel seems to have been angry because
EZK 3 14 t94w 0 away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit’s rage The words “bitterness” and “rage” are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger” or “away. I was very bitter and angry”
EZK 3 14 x1uf figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 14 w8rt figs-metaphor 0 for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 14 llb2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or 2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 14 llb2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or (2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 15 i5bx translate-names 0 Tel Aviv A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 3 15 bin3 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
EZK 3 15 n8yl 0 overwhelmed in amazement “unable to do anything because I was so amazed”
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ EZK 3 17 xc2d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a met
EZK 3 18 gn56 0 the wicked “wicked people”
EZK 3 18 b5pw figs-idiom 0 require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. Alternate translation: “treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 19 hrf4 figs-doublet 0 he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds The phrase “wicked deeds” means the same thing as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “he does not stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 3 20 d1iz figs-metaphor 0 set a stumbling block before him Possible meanings are 1) “make something bad happen to him” or 2) “cause him to sin openly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 20 d1iz figs-metaphor 0 set a stumbling block before him Possible meanings are (1) “make something bad happen to him” or (2) “cause him to sin openly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 20 gm4t 0 he will die in his sin “he will die as a sinner” or “he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me”
EZK 3 20 wji4 figs-idiom 0 I will require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “I will treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 21 e9i5 figs-activepassive 0 since he was warned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “since you warned him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -197,16 +197,16 @@ EZK 4 3 d88y translate-symaction 0 set your face against it This is a command t
EZK 4 3 cv8u figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 3 vw5k figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 4 q5jk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it Possible meanings are 1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or 2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.”
EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it Possible meanings are (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.”
EZK 4 4 tm3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin Possible meanings are 1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or 2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST.
EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin Possible meanings are (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST.
EZK 4 4 u5yy 0 lie down against the house of Israel “lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner”
EZK 4 5 in3l 0 I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them”
EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment Possible meanings are 1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or 2) each year that they have sinned.
EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment Possible meanings are (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned.
EZK 4 5 wq3e translate-numbers 0 390 days “three hundred and ninety days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZK 4 6 qwn4 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 4 6 y7xn 0 these days the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel
EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin Possible meanings are 1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or 2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md).
EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin Possible meanings are (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md).
EZK 4 6 a25b figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 6 iys6 0 I am assigning to you one day for each year “I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them”
EZK 4 7 t4rt translate-symaction 0 Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege” or “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ EZK 4 16 f6dt figs-metaphor 0 the staff of bread The supply is called a staff b
EZK 4 16 i35y figs-explicit 0 they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. “they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 16 kdq7 0 rationing giving small amounts of something of which there is not enough to many people
EZK 4 16 xi3f figs-metonymy 0 rationing it in trembling The word “shaking” is a metaphor for being afraid and “trembling” represents fear. Alternate translation: “rationing it while shaking” or “rationing it in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away Possible meanings are 1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or 2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away Possible meanings are (1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or (2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 17 bv4j figs-metaphor 0 waste away The phrase “waste away” is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 intro hus5 0 # Ezekiel 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The destruction of Jerusalem<br>The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war.<br>
EZK 5 1 mvw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of “the city” refer to the “city” that Ezekiel carved onto the brick ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)).
@ -258,15 +258,15 @@ EZK 5 2 b6bf figs-metonymy 0 I will draw out a sword to chase after the people
EZK 5 2 f2fx 0 I will draw out a sword “I will pull a sword out of its container”
EZK 5 3 aw1j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 5 3 y2te 0 a small number of hairs from them “a few hairs from the piles”
EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. Possible meanings are 1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or 2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them 3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment.
EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe Possible meanings are 1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or 2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or 3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt.
EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. Possible meanings are (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment.
EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe Possible meanings are (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt.
EZK 5 4 qx1e figs-events 0 Then take This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words “But take” in verse 3. Ezekiel was to “take a small number of hairs” and “take more of the hair and throw it” when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](../05/01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](../05/02.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. “But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take…After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
EZK 5 4 k7tv figs-metaphor 0 from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel “from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel.” Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 4 isu2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 5 r35t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak.
EZK 5 5 g9gl 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 5 5 rka7 0 This is Jerusalem “This carving represents Jerusalem” ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md))
EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations Possible meanings are 1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or 2) “more important than all other nations.”
EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations Possible meanings are (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.”
EZK 5 5 k186 figs-personification 0 I have placed her Jerusalem is referred to as “her” and “she.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 5 5 qg7v 0 other lands “the neighboring countries” or “the countries around her”
EZK 5 6 hl49 0 The people have rejected my judgments “The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments.”
@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ EZK 6 8 p3b3 figs-metonymy 0 some who escape the sword The word “sword” is
EZK 6 8 luc8 figs-activepassive 0 when you are scattered throughout the countries This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when I scatter you in different countries” or “when I force you to live in other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 6 9 nw31 figs-synecdoche 0 I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate translation: “I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 6 9 quq7 figs-synecdoche 0 by their eyes that whored after their idols Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate translation: “by the way they desired strongly to worship idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 6 9 cul8 0 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed Possible meanings are 1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or 2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.”
EZK 6 9 cul8 0 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed Possible meanings are (1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or (2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.”
EZK 6 11 tpg3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 6 11 e96i figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 6 11 wif1 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ EZK 7 3 yt4u 0 according to your ways “according to the things you do” or
EZK 7 3 d31i 0 I will bring all your abominations upon you “I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much”
EZK 7 4 s8xd figs-synecdoche 0 For my eyes will not pity you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “For I will not pity you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 7 4 n5vz figs-metaphor 0 I will bring your ways upon you The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. Alternate translation: “I will punish you for the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 4 r54l 0 your abominations will be in your midst Possible meanings are 1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or 2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.”
EZK 7 4 r54l 0 your abominations will be in your midst Possible meanings are (1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or (2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.”
EZK 7 4 u9s9 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 7 5 p6dg 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel.
EZK 7 5 mg8u figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EZK 7 10 z47j 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 10 x4mj figs-explicit 0 Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! “Behold! The day is coming!” You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate translation: “Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 7 10 n977 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
EZK 7 10 xv3u 0 Doom has gone out “Disaster has begun to come to Israel” or “Terrible things have begun to happen”
EZK 7 10 yu2t figs-metaphor 0 The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded Possible meanings are 1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 10 yu2t figs-metaphor 0 The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded Possible meanings are (1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or (2) “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 7 12 bn6n 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 12 qp62 figs-parallelism 0 The time is coming; the day has come close Both “The time” and “the day” refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel’s punishment will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 7 12 ny3b 0 my anger is on the entire multitude “I am angry with the whole multitude”
@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ EZK 7 18 gtb2 figs-explicit 0 baldness on all of their heads Shaving the head w
EZK 7 19 xfz1 0 in the day of Yahweh’s rage “in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger” or “when Yahweh punishes them”
EZK 7 19 u2cm 0 the day This can be a time period of more or less than one 24-hour day.
EZK 7 19 ux4y figs-activepassive 0 their hunger will not be satisfied This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to satisfy their hunger” or “they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 7 19 n5ad 0 their iniquity has become a stumbling block Possible meanings are 1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or 2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.”
EZK 7 19 n5ad 0 their iniquity has become a stumbling block Possible meanings are (1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or (2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.”
EZK 7 20 kt4d 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 20 pbt7 0 with them with the jeweled ornaments
EZK 7 21 jpj3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give those things into the hand of strangers The word “hand” is used to refer to control. “I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know” or “I will give those idols to people they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ EZK 7 22 ge5t 0 my cherished place “the place I love.” This refers to God
EZK 7 22 u74s 0 bandits violent people who steal and destroy
EZK 7 23 zs1w 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to Ezekiel about Israel.
EZK 7 23 y53i 0 Make a chain Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners.
EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood Possible meanings are 1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or 2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood Possible meanings are (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 23 u3zi figs-metaphor 0 the city is full of violence The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun “violence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 7 24 r3n8 0 they will possess their houses the wicked will take the Israelites’ houses
EZK 7 24 a75e 0 I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves”
@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ EZK 7 26 br9z 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel.
EZK 7 26 v3q8 figs-personification 0 Disaster upon disaster will come Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. Alternate translation: “One disaster after another will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 7 26 sxh6 0 they will seek a vision from the prophet “they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen”
EZK 7 26 f4qm 0 the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders “The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice.” This is because God will not give them wisdom.
EZK 7 27 t2rb 0 the prince Possible meanings are 1) “the king’s son” or 2) every male member of the royal family except the king.
EZK 7 27 gux5 figs-idiom 0 will dress in despair Possible meanings are 1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or 2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 27 t2rb 0 the prince Possible meanings are (1) “the king’s son” or (2) every male member of the royal family except the king.
EZK 7 27 gux5 figs-idiom 0 will dress in despair Possible meanings are (1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or (2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 27 zy7f figs-synecdoche 0 the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 8 intro xkv7 0 # Ezekiel 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah’s sin<br><br>The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
EZK 8 1 vqq8 0 General Information: Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw.
@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ EZK 8 3 q8np 0 between earth and heaven “between the ground and the sky”
EZK 8 3 h6bp 0 in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.
EZK 8 3 k28b figs-explicit 0 the inner northern gate “the inner northern gate of the temple.” The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 8 3 bpy7 0 the idol that provokes great jealousy “the idol that causes God to be very jealous”
EZK 8 4 eu7m 0 according to the vision I had seen on the plain Possible meanings are 1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or 2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.”
EZK 8 4 eu7m 0 according to the vision I had seen on the plain Possible meanings are (1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or (2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.”
EZK 8 4 x9fq 0 the plain a large area of flat land that has few trees.
EZK 8 5 h9iv 0 General Information: The “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) speaks to Ezekiel.
EZK 8 5 i1ht figs-explicit 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ EZK 8 17 rp1r figs-rquestion 0 Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to d
EZK 8 17 wsq5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 8 17 jz5k 0 they have filled the land with violence “throughout the country they are doing violent things or “all over the country they are attacking one another”
EZK 8 17 bq27 0 to provoke me to anger “to make me angry”
EZK 8 17 s9li figs-idiom 0 putting the branch to their noses Possible meanings are 1) the people were using the branches in false worship or 2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to…noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 8 17 s9li figs-idiom 0 putting the branch to their noses Possible meanings are (1) the people were using the branches in false worship or (2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to…noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 8 18 ivi2 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 8 18 h7ic 0 I will not spare them “I will still punish them”
EZK 8 18 ay27 0 Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice “Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice”
@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ EZK 9 2 jt5l 0 the upper gate that faces north “the upper northern gate” o
EZK 9 2 b5f1 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 9 2 i87b 0 scribe’s equipment tools that scribes write with
EZK 9 2 tl3q translate-unknown 0 bronze A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 9 3 ywh8 figs-explicit 0 from the cherubim where it had been Possible meanings are 1) “from above the four winged creatures” ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or 2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 9 3 ywh8 figs-explicit 0 from the cherubim where it had been Possible meanings are (1) “from above the four winged creatures” ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or (2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 9 3 ljc9 0 threshold of the house The “house” refers to God’s temple.
EZK 9 3 s89y 0 linen See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md).
EZK 9 3 lik6 0 scribe’s equipment tools that scribes write with. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md).
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ EZK 9 5 r5es figs-synecdoche 0 Do not let your eyes have compassion The eye is
EZK 9 5 w6k5 0 do not spare “do not refrain from killing”
EZK 9 6 p9s8 0 mark on his head These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated “mark” in [Ezekiel 9:4](../09/04.md).
EZK 9 6 e6wg figs-explicit 0 Begin at my sanctuary You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 9 6 j3le 0 the elders Possible meanings are 1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or 2) any “old man” (see the beginning of the verse).
EZK 9 6 j3le 0 the elders Possible meanings are (1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or (2) any “old man” (see the beginning of the verse).
EZK 9 7 j1wv 0 General Information: God continuing to speak to the guards judging the people of Israel.
EZK 9 7 zct1 0 the house the temple
EZK 9 7 hqw7 figs-metonymy 0 attacked the city The word “city” is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “attacked the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -549,8 +549,8 @@ EZK 10 9 d8v9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of the wheels was like a bery
EZK 10 9 nza9 translate-unknown 0 beryl stone “Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 10 10 i72z figs-abstractnouns 0 Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 10 c1u1 0 a wheel intersecting another wheel The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.”
EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions Possible meanings are 1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or 2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Possible meanings for “the head” are 1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or 2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions Possible meanings are (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Possible meanings for “the head” are (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
EZK 10 12 a1cv 0 wheels Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
EZK 10 13 r5jq figs-activepassive 0 the wheels were called, “Whirling.” The word “Whirling” means “Spinning.” Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone called the wheels, ‘Whirling.’” or “the name of the wheels was ‘Whirling.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 10 14 edf6 0 They had four faces each “Each cherub had four faces” or “Each of the cherubim had four faces.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/06.md).
@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ EZK 10 15 c58d 0 living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13
EZK 10 15 jya4 0 rose up “went up into the air”
EZK 10 16 r9ip 0 They still stayed beside them “The wheels stayed with the cherubim.” Alternate translation: “The wheels moved with the cherubim”
EZK 10 17 x7na 0 stood still “stayed still” or “did not move”
EZK 10 17 b52c figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels Possible meanings are 1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or 2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or 3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 10 17 b52c figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels Possible meanings are (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 10 18 m9ii 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
EZK 10 18 gb9v 0 the house the temple
EZK 10 18 x2tm 0 stood over “stayed over” or “waited over”
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ EZK 11 2 xpp8 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the visio
EZK 11 2 unw8 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 11 3 g14h 0 The time to build houses is not now This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, “Now is the time to build our houses.” This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure.
EZK 11 3 a2wt figs-metaphor 0 this city is the pot, and we are the meat The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: “This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 3 nf9t 0 the pot Possible meanings are 1) a pot for storing meat or 2) a pot for cooking meat.
EZK 11 3 nf9t 0 the pot Possible meanings are (1) a pot for storing meat or (2) a pot for cooking meat.
EZK 11 5 b5xf 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel.
EZK 11 5 n2rp figs-metaphor 0 the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 5 k82u 0 That is what you are saying “You are saying these things.” This refers to what the people were saying in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md).
@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ EZK 13 11 z2ym 0 whitewashing The word “whitewashing” refers to covering a
EZK 13 11 aee2 figs-metaphor 0 I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 11 zn9q 0 hailstones balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm.
EZK 13 12 zbu8 figs-rquestion 0 Have others not said to you, “Where is the whitewash that you put on it?” Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. Alternate translation: “Others will certainly say to you, ‘Where is the whitewash that you put on it?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? Possible meanings are 1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or 2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? Possible meanings are (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 13 l6dh figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 13 ap58 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring a windstorm…completely destroy it. Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 13 hsw4 0 in my rage…in my wrath…in my rage “because of my rage…because of my wrath…because my rage.”
@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ EZK 14 2 bz2f figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is use
EZK 14 3 g57d 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 14 3 ky9e figs-metaphor 0 have taken their idols into their hearts Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had “taken their idols into their hearts.” Alternate translation: “have devoted themselves to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 3 qej2 figs-metaphor 0 have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. Alternate translation: “have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 3 s8bu 0 stumbling block of their iniquity Possible meanings are 1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or 2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble.
EZK 14 3 s8bu 0 stumbling block of their iniquity Possible meanings are (1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or (2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble.
EZK 14 3 lx5m figs-rquestion 0 Should I be inquired of at all by them? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. This question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?” or “They should not be inquiring of me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 4 te7p 0 Therefore announce this to them The word “them” refers to the “men from the elders of Israel.”
EZK 14 4 m2x4 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ EZK 16 15 c6e2 figs-metaphor 0 you poured out your acts of prostitution Yahweh
EZK 16 15 wq1l 0 so that your beauty became his This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read “so that you gave yourself to him” or “his it was”
EZK 16 17 um7f figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 17 h8iz 0 male figures “statues of men” or “idols that look like men”
EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do Possible meanings are 1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do Possible meanings are (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 19 ml19 0 set before them “placed as an offering in front of them”
EZK 16 20 d2sz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 20 ev7l 0 whom you bore for me “who were my children”
@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ EZK 16 20 ku1z figs-rquestion 0 Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? Y
EZK 16 21 pxu4 figs-explicit 0 made them pass through the fire Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: “sacrificed them as burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 22 wvq2 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 23 nyv1 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 24 fs8i 0 you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution.
EZK 16 24 fs8i 0 you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place Possible meanings are that she built a place where (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution.
EZK 16 25 v7yc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 25 lz72 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every road Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 27 c7es figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ EZK 16 27 r2ql figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of the Philistines Here Yahweh spe
EZK 16 30 h91y 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife.
EZK 16 30 db6k figs-rquestion 0 How sick is your heart…that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart must be very sick…that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 16 30 yze4 figs-metonymy 0 How sick is your heart Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. Alternate translation: “How weak-willed are you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 31 bg24 0 built your mounds…made your lofty shrines Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 31 bg24 0 built your mounds…made your lofty shrines Possible meanings are that she built a place where (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 31 wxg7 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](../16/25.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 32 kuw8 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 32 nw3d figs-euphemism 0 you accept strangers instead of your husband This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -888,9 +888,9 @@ EZK 16 37 zp96 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention
EZK 16 37 awf2 figs-explicit 0 so they see all your nakedness Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word “nakedness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “so they can see you completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 16 38 s1kn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 38 s8wc figs-metonymy 0 the shedding of blood This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 38 ljg4 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or 2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 38 ljg4 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or (2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 39 ylz3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give you into their hands Here “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will place you in their control” or “I will allow them to have power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 39 ia4f 0 throw down your vaulted chamber Possible meanings are that they will destroy 1) the place where she worshiped her idols or 2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated “vaulted chamber” in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 39 ia4f 0 throw down your vaulted chamber Possible meanings are that they will destroy (1) the place where she worshiped her idols or (2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated “vaulted chamber” in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 39 gp28 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 40 mr55 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. He speaks about enemy soldiers as her lovers. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 41 ket8 figs-abstractnouns 0 will perform many acts of punishment on you The word “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will punish you in many different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ EZK 17 5 yl5l figs-explicit 0 planted it…like a willow Willow trees grow in p
EZK 17 6 act5 0 Then it sprouted “Then the seed began to grow into a plant”
EZK 17 6 u95a 0 a spreading vine low to the ground “a vine that spreads out on the ground”
EZK 17 6 qj5j 0 Its branches turned toward him The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky.
EZK 17 6 vrq4 0 its roots grew under it Possible meanings are 1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.”
EZK 17 6 vrq4 0 its roots grew under it Possible meanings are (1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or (2) “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.”
EZK 17 6 wq1a 0 So it became a vine “That is how the vine grew”
EZK 17 6 kn3n 0 produced branches and sent out shoots “grew branches and spread its shoots”
EZK 17 7 nr41 0 General Information: The introductory “but” shows that a different eagle is being described other than the one before.
@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ EZK 18 29 pe9e figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metony
EZK 18 29 pq68 figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord is not fair…How is my way not fair…It is your ways that are not fair Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. Alternate translation: “The Lord does not act fairly…How do I not act fairly…It is you who do not act fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 d4ja figs-metaphor 0 according to his ways Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “according to his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 j6mr figs-metaphor 0 turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Yahweh speaks of “transgressions” causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 i18v figs-metonymy 0 stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Possible meanings are 1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or 2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 30 i18v figs-metonymy 0 stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Possible meanings are (1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or (2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 31 va7u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
EZK 18 31 pv2w figs-metaphor 0 Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. Alternate translation: “Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 31 vlg7 figs-metonymy 0 make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions and the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. Alternate translation: “get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ EZK 19 8 f365 0 from the surrounding provinces “from the provinces surroundi
EZK 19 8 wx8x figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 9 uv2e figs-activepassive 0 his voice would no longer be heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people would no longer hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 10 rhn9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 10 aw92 figs-metonymy 0 a vine planted in your blood Possible meanings are that “blood” represents 1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or 2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 19 10 aw92 figs-metonymy 0 a vine planted in your blood Possible meanings are that “blood” represents (1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or (2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 19 11 z86b figs-activepassive 0 strong branches that were used for rulers’ scepters This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “branches strong enough that people used them for rulers’ scepters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 11 p752 figs-activepassive 0 its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 12 zm2a figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ EZK 20 33 ad5k figs-metonymy 0 with a mighty hand, a raised arm The words “ha
EZK 20 33 d5h5 figs-metaphor 0 fury that will be poured out on you Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fury that I will pour out on you” or “I will express my fury towards you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 34 tam7 figs-activepassive 0 among whom you have been scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 36 yke5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or 2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 39 aw31 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 39 gb75 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 39 tsi3 0 to listen to me “to obey me” or “to pay attention to me”
@ -1669,14 +1669,14 @@ EZK 26 5 cu3g figs-personification 0 She will become The city of Tyre is spoken
EZK 26 5 m2sf figs-metonymy 0 a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre’s destruction. Alternate translation: “an empty island used for drying fishing nets” or “a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 5 x6ai figs-metonymy 0 she will become plunder for the nations “Plunder” means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. Alternate translation: “the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 6 kv1j figs-activepassive 0 Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 6 mr2n figs-metonymy 0 Her daughters who are in the fields Possible meanings are 1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 6 mr2n figs-metonymy 0 Her daughters who are in the fields Possible meanings are (1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 6 rmu1 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 26 7 n4gc 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
EZK 26 7 mq6a 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
EZK 26 7 ri6u figs-explicit 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings The phrase “king of kings” was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 26 7 es3k 0 a great many people This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar’s army.
EZK 26 8 pm5g figs-metonymy 0 He will kill Here the word “He” refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “His army will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 8 q7kf figs-metonymy 0 your daughters in the field Possible meanings are 1) “your daughters” refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) “your daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: “your daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 8 q7kf figs-metonymy 0 your daughters in the field Possible meanings are (1) “your daughters” refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “your daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: “your daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 9 dl2k figs-metonymy 0 General Information: The words “he” and “his” in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army doing these actions. The word “your” refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 9 h14v 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
EZK 26 9 vu9t figs-metonymy 0 He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army against the walls and towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1886,14 +1886,14 @@ EZK 28 13 kac1 0 prepared “made ready”
EZK 28 14 a5aq 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 14 r1ky 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 14 ybm7 0 cherub See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md).
EZK 28 14 hjx3 figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 14 hjx3 figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” Possible meanings are (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 15 fa3g figs-activepassive 0 from the day you were created until injustice was found within you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 16 j1e3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 16 gg36 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 16 man6 0 great trade “large volume of trade”
EZK 28 16 b582 figs-metaphor 0 you were filled with violence Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun “violence” can be translated using the adjective “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 16 m9pq 0 guardian cherub “guarding cherub”
EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). Possible meanings are (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 17 s2ql figs-synecdoche 0 Your heart was arrogant Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 28 17 sy75 0 arrogant falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important
EZK 28 17 mxj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor The abstract nouns “beauty,” wisdom” and “splendor” can be translated using the adjectives “beautiful,” “wise” and “splendid.” Alternate translation: “Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ EZK 30 7 tr5v 0 They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands “T
EZK 30 7 gsq4 0 in the midst of “among” or “surrounded by”
EZK 30 7 rud4 figs-metaphor 0 their cities will be among all the ruined cities Being “among” the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: “their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 8 m675 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
EZK 30 8 m795 0 Then they Possible meanings are 1) “Then people” or 2) “Then the Egyptians.”
EZK 30 8 m795 0 Then they Possible meanings are (1) “Then people” or (2) “Then the Egyptians.”
EZK 30 8 lss3 figs-explicit 0 they will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 30 8 m7q3 figs-metonymy 0 when I set fire in Egypt Here “set fire in Egypt” represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: “when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 8 fe2h figs-activepassive 0 all of her helpers are destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I destroy all of the allies of Egypt” or “when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2075,8 +2075,8 @@ EZK 30 18 h434 0 Tahpanhes This was an important city in northern Egypt.
EZK 30 18 mtp2 figs-personification 0 the day will hold back its light The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. Alternate translation: “the day will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 30 18 pwv1 figs-metaphor 0 when I break the yoke of Egypt there The word “yoke” here refers to Egypt’s power to oppress people. Alternate translation: “when I stop Egypt from oppressing people” or “when I end Egypt’s power to cruelly control other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 18 e5mh figs-metaphor 0 the pride of her strength will be finished This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 30 18 ylq1 figs-metaphor 0 There will be a cloud covering her Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 18 mw36 0 her daughters Possible meanings are 1) the people of the Egyptian towns or 2) the daughters of the Egyptian people
EZK 30 18 ylq1 figs-metaphor 0 There will be a cloud covering her Possible meanings are (1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or (2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 30 18 mw36 0 her daughters Possible meanings are (1) the people of the Egyptian towns or (2) the daughters of the Egyptian people
EZK 30 19 hci1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Egypt in many ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 30 19 q3ti 0 so they “so the Egyptians”
EZK 30 20 v536 figs-parables 0 General Information: God speaks of making Pharaoh’s army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh’s arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh’s arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
@ -2102,7 +2102,7 @@ EZK 30 24 y8p3 0 with the groans of a dying man “as a man who is dying groan
EZK 30 25 rst2 figs-parables 0 General Information: God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 30 25 rjv6 figs-metonymy 0 For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Here “arms” are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: “I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 25 wjm9 figs-metonymy 0 while Pharaoh’s arms will fall Here “Pharaoh’s arms” is a metonym for his army, and “will fall” represents being weak. Alternate translation: “but Pharaoh’s army will be unable to defeat enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 25 g2eq 0 Then they The word “they” possibly refers to 1) “the Egyptians” or 2) “all people who hear what Yahweh has done.”
EZK 30 25 g2eq 0 Then they The word “they” possibly refers to (1) “the Egyptians” or (2) “all people who hear what Yahweh has done.”
EZK 30 25 mku4 0 for he will attack the land of Egypt with it “and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword”
EZK 30 26 mv68 figs-parallelism 0 scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 31 intro chn5 0 # Ezekiel 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
@ -2188,7 +2188,7 @@ EZK 32 1 vh9u translate-ordinal 0 of the twelfth year This refers to the twelft
EZK 32 1 alb1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 2 l8pu 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 32 2 iu25 0 lift up “sing”
EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion…like a monster in the seas Possible meanings are 1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or 2) he was like a lion and a monster.
EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion…like a monster in the seas Possible meanings are (1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or (2) he was like a lion and a monster.
EZK 32 2 u588 figs-simile 0 like a young lion among the nations Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 32 2 v3jk figs-simile 0 like a monster in the seas Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 32 2 ih5d 0 monster A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/03.md).
@ -2222,7 +2222,7 @@ EZK 32 13 n7m4 0 from beside the plentiful waters “in the places where there
EZK 32 13 cr7b figs-synecdoche 0 the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 32 13 lvt6 0 stir the waters make clear water muddy
EZK 32 13 d8xw figs-metonymy 0 the hooves of cattle stir them The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: “cattle stir them with their hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters Possible meanings are 1) “I will make the water calm” or 2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear.
EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters Possible meanings are (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear.
EZK 32 15 viv4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
EZK 32 15 p2d8 figs-activepassive 0 When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 15 x25c 0 when the land is made bare of all its fullness “when the country is made to lose all its wealth”
@ -2230,15 +2230,15 @@ EZK 32 15 kg8c figs-metonymy 0 when I attack all the inhabitants in her Here th
EZK 32 15 j4jw figs-metaphor 0 in her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 15 jpw4 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 16 lj5g figs-metaphor 0 over her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 16 fw4s 0 the daughters of the nations Possible meanings are 1) “the women of other nations” or 2) “people of other nations”
EZK 32 16 fw4s 0 the daughters of the nations Possible meanings are (1) “the women of other nations” or (2) “people of other nations”
EZK 32 16 y6w8 0 over Egypt, over all her multitudes “about Egypt, about all her multitudes” or “about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes”
EZK 32 17 hbi3 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
EZK 32 17 mmq4 figs-explicit 0 in the twelfth year Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 17 mmq4 figs-explicit 0 in the twelfth year Possible meanings are (1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or (2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 17 aud7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 18 l4kp 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 32 18 uqn6 0 bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command.
EZK 32 18 x2hj 0 her Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman.
EZK 32 18 dz2p 0 the daughters of majestic nations Possible meanings are 1) “the people of powerful nations” or 2) “other powerful nations.”
EZK 32 18 dz2p 0 the daughters of majestic nations Possible meanings are (1) “the people of powerful nations” or (2) “other powerful nations.”
EZK 32 18 b9j9 figs-idiom 0 the lowest earth “to the places under the ground.” When people died, they were put in the ground. So “bring them down…to the lowest earth” means “make them die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 18 map2 0 with those who have gone down to the pit “with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground”
EZK 32 18 rhr2 figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ EZK 32 23 qc35 figs-abstractnouns 0 those who brought terror on the land of the
EZK 32 23 zb2x figs-metonymy 0 the land of the living This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 gi85 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol.
EZK 32 24 y3cg figs-metonymy 0 Elam is there Here “Elam” refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: “The people of Elam are also there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 h835 0 her multitudes Possible meanings are 1) her many people or 2) her army.
EZK 32 24 h835 0 her multitudes Possible meanings are (1) her many people or (2) her army.
EZK 32 24 h7ns 0 Her graves surround her See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md).
EZK 32 24 p6nh figs-activepassive 0 all of them were killed This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Her enemies killed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 24 p8l5 0 Those who fell by the sword Translate “who fell by the sword” as in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md).
@ -2335,7 +2335,7 @@ EZK 33 9 wyw9 0 will have saved your own life “will have kept yourself alive
EZK 33 10 x1yc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.
EZK 33 10 s8vg figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 10 v348 0 You are saying this “This is what you have said”
EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us Possible meanings are 1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us Possible meanings are (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 10 m2e4 figs-metaphor 0 we are decaying in them “we are rotting away because of them.” Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person’s flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: “they are destroying us” or “they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 10 w3qz 0 in them “because of them”
EZK 33 10 wd7m figs-rquestion 0 How can we live? The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: “We have no hope of living.” or “We will certainly die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ EZK 33 22 hm5u figs-idiom 0 my mouth was opened This phrase is an idiom that me
EZK 33 22 inm6 0 dawn The word “dawn” refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears.
EZK 33 22 v9lp 0 I was no longer mute “I was no longer forced to be silent” or “I was no longer unable to speak” Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md).
EZK 33 23 n93e figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 24 y4yn 0 those ruins Possible meanings are 1) “those ruined buildings” or 2) “those ruined cities”
EZK 33 24 y4yn 0 those ruins Possible meanings are (1) “those ruined buildings” or (2) “those ruined cities”
EZK 33 24 db2d figs-metaphor 0 he inherited the land Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 24 h1ev 0 the land “the land of Israel”
EZK 33 24 x6je figs-activepassive 0 The land has been given to us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2404,11 +2404,11 @@ EZK 33 29 wy3k figs-abstractnouns 0 all the abominations that they have done Th
EZK 33 29 f9jn 0 they have done “the people have done”
EZK 33 30 gev2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 33 30 sm9v 0 that comes out from Yahweh “that Yahweh tells him to speak” or “that Yahweh gives him”
EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or 2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 31 d3vr figs-metonymy 0 their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “hearts” represents desire. Alternate translation: “in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit” or “they desire to get things in ways that are not just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 32 e4kq 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel.
EZK 33 32 aks2 figs-metonymy 0 you are like a lovely song to them Here “you” refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel’s message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: “they think that your words are like a lovely song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 33 32 c4k6 0 a lovely song Possible meanings are 1) “a beautiful song” or 2) “a love song” or “a song about love.”
EZK 33 32 c4k6 0 a lovely song Possible meanings are (1) “a beautiful song” or (2) “a love song” or “a song about love.”
EZK 33 32 ra8c figs-activepassive 0 that is well played on a stringed instrument This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 32 b8sk 0 stringed instrument something that has strings and people use to make music
EZK 33 33 z7bj 0 behold! The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “indeed!”
@ -2426,7 +2426,7 @@ EZK 34 3 xv9g 0 dress in wool “wear the wool from the sheep”
EZK 34 3 a41p 0 the fatlings “the youngest and fattest sheep and goats”
EZK 34 3 w8nr 0 do not shepherd at all “do not feed and take care of the flock”
EZK 34 4 gl47 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 4 f6se 0 have diseases Possible meanings are 1) “are sick” or 2) “are weak”
EZK 34 4 f6se 0 have diseases Possible meanings are (1) “are sick” or (2) “are weak”
EZK 34 4 kdi1 0 You do not bind up the ones who are broken “You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded”
EZK 34 4 n8dd 0 the ones who are broken “the sheep that have broken bones” or “the sheep that are injured”
EZK 34 4 jjd3 0 you do not restore “you do not bring back”
@ -2491,7 +2491,7 @@ EZK 34 20 y9ed 0 will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones “will ma
EZK 34 20 r517 figs-metaphor 0 the fat sheep and the thin ones The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 21 e6ay 0 for you The word “you” refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well.
EZK 34 21 w19v 0 with your sides “with the sides of your body”
EZK 34 21 kd1v 0 have gored Possible meanings are 1) “have pushed” or “have shoved” 2) “have stabbed” or “have pierced”
EZK 34 21 kd1v 0 have gored Possible meanings are (1) “have pushed” or “have shoved” (2) “have stabbed” or “have pierced”
EZK 34 21 i1u4 0 scattered them “made them go in many different directions”
EZK 34 21 x7q3 0 away from the land “away from the land of Israel”
EZK 34 22 w1gy figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2535,13 +2535,13 @@ EZK 35 3 a49m figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” re
EZK 35 3 s7v8 figs-abstractnouns 0 make you a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 35 4 yv3y 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 4 t23n figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or 2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword Possible meanings of this metaphor are (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 5 mv7g 0 at the time of their distress “at a time of disaster”
EZK 35 6 ax82 figs-metonymy 0 I will prepare you for bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 6 rj8w figs-personification 0 bloodshed will pursue you Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 6 sr9i figs-metonymy 0 Since you did not hate bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 7 a6in 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 7 hhc6 figs-metaphor 0 when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again Possible meanings are 1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or 2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 7 hhc6 figs-metaphor 0 when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again Possible meanings are (1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 8 wbp9 figs-activepassive 0 those who were killed by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). Alternate translation: “those whom enemies have killed with swords” or “those who have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 9 xx8k figs-hyperbole 0 a perpetual desolation “desolate forever.” This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 35 9 hy7l figs-activepassive 0 Your cities will not be inhabited This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “People will not live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -2552,7 +2552,7 @@ EZK 35 10 zmt2 0 these two lands “the lands of Israel and Judah”
EZK 35 10 cb3b 0 will become mine The word “mine” can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: “will become ours”
EZK 35 10 we2l 0 we The word “we” refers to the people of Edom.
EZK 35 10 dw47 figs-explicit 0 even when Yahweh was present with them It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 35 11 d51p 0 I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy Possible meanings are 1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or 2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.”
EZK 35 11 d51p 0 I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy Possible meanings are (1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or (2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.”
EZK 35 12 k1s3 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 12 y3tw figs-synecdoche 0 against the mountains of Israel Here “mountains” represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 35 12 wts3 figs-activepassive 0 They have been destroyed This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are in ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2562,8 +2562,8 @@ EZK 35 14 rhr8 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in
EZK 35 14 w5h5 figs-personification 0 I will make you a desolation Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 35 14 bfc7 figs-metonymy 0 the entire earth rejoices Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 15 zg6c figs-metaphor 0 As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: “As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate” or 2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or 3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.”
EZK 35 15 d1la 0 Then they will know The word “they” possibly refers to 1) “the people of the earth” or 2) “the people of Israel and Judah.”
EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you Possible meanings are (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.”
EZK 35 15 d1la 0 Then they will know The word “they” possibly refers to (1) “the people of the earth” or (2) “the people of Israel and Judah.”
EZK 36 intro i2lt 0 # Ezekiel 36 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>### New hearts<br><br>God will forgive Israel’s sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym “heart.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
EZK 36 1 aj63 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel.
EZK 36 1 zh9m 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@ EZK 36 34 g51f figs-metonymy 0 before the eyes of all who pass by The eyes repr
EZK 36 35 yki1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 36 35 d5pg 0 Then they The word “they” refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel.
EZK 36 35 akk1 0 the uninhabited ruins “the ruins that no one lived in”
EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or 2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 35 n817 figs-activepassive 0 are now fortified and inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 36 bq7c 0 that I built up the ruins “and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down”
EZK 36 36 k9l8 0 replanted the abandoned places “planted crops in the desolate land”
@ -2692,7 +2692,7 @@ EZK 37 7 b696 figs-activepassive 0 as I was commanded This can be stated in act
EZK 37 7 c2cu 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
EZK 37 8 nh22 0 sinews This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:6](../37/06.md).
EZK 37 8 h4m2 0 But there was still no breath in them The noun “breath” can be stated as the verb “breathing.” Alternate translation: “But they were not breathing” or “But they were not alive”
EZK 37 9 nv4f 0 the breath Possible meanings are: 1) “breath” or 2) “spirit” or 3) “wind.”
EZK 37 9 nv4f 0 the breath Possible meanings are: (1) “breath” or (2) “spirit” or (3) “wind.”
EZK 37 9 un53 figs-idiom 0 from the four winds “from the four directions that the wind can blow in.” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 37 9 j4v7 figs-activepassive 0 these who have been killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “these people that enemies and disasters have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 37 10 mfz1 figs-activepassive 0 as I was commanded This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2821,7 +2821,7 @@ EZK 39 4 hyu4 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his mess
EZK 39 4 cy17 figs-doublet 0 your troops and the soldiers These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “all your soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 39 4 z24v figs-metaphor 0 I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 39 5 e2qj figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 39 6 li1j figs-metonymy 0 I will send out fire on Magog Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or 2) “fire” is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 6 li1j figs-metonymy 0 I will send out fire on Magog Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or (2) “fire” is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 6 f28e 0 Magog This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md).
EZK 39 6 me83 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 39 7 y4tq 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog.
@ -2837,7 +2837,7 @@ EZK 39 10 l3cu 0 will plunder…wanted to plunder Translate “plunder” as i
EZK 39 11 r7ks 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog.
EZK 39 11 p4ff 0 it will happen on that day that This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here.
EZK 39 11 rbw1 0 to the east of the sea A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “to the east toward the sea.”
EZK 39 11 tt6m 0 It will block Possible meanings are 1) “The grave will block” or 2) “The dead army will block.”
EZK 39 11 tt6m 0 It will block Possible meanings are (1) “The grave will block” or (2) “The dead army will block.”
EZK 39 11 c37r 0 There they “There the house of Israel”
EZK 39 11 atw5 0 They will call it “People will call it”
EZK 39 11 w9b9 0 Valley of Hamon Gog “Valley of the Great Army of Gog”
@ -2884,7 +2884,7 @@ EZK 39 25 k972 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a mess
EZK 39 25 rb2h 0 will restore the fortunes of Jacob Translate “will restore the fortunes” as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “will bring Jacob back from captivity.”
EZK 39 25 f9gp figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 25 q1np 0 act with zeal for my holy name “make sure that they honor me”
EZK 39 26 x3gv 0 they will bear their shame and all the treason Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are 1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or 2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.”
EZK 39 26 x3gv 0 they will bear their shame and all the treason Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are (1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or (2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.”
EZK 39 26 mmr5 0 the treason “the unfaithfulness”
EZK 39 27 gzg6 figs-metonymy 0 I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations Here “sight” is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 39 28 j82j 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.
@ -2939,7 +2939,7 @@ EZK 40 14 vun1 translate-bdistance 0 sixty cubits about 32 meters (See: [[rc://
EZK 40 14 pp21 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
EZK 40 14 xi48 0 portico This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 40 15 ahd8 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters
EZK 40 16 rk3m 0 closed windows Possible meanings are 1) “closed windows” or 2) “windows with shutters” or 3) “narrow windows.”
EZK 40 16 rk3m 0 closed windows Possible meanings are (1) “closed windows” or (2) “windows with shutters” or (3) “narrow windows.”
EZK 40 16 tct8 0 likewise for the porches “the porches also had closed windows all around”
EZK 40 16 pz45 0 each jamb jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door
EZK 40 17 hc2u 0 General Information: There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides.
@ -3000,7 +3000,7 @@ EZK 40 36 b8ut 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters
EZK 40 37 rrg7 0 Its portico faced the outer courtyard “The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard”
EZK 40 37 j3yy 0 on either side of it “on both sides of it”
EZK 40 38 g6y4 0 by each of the inner gateways “in each of the inner gates”
EZK 40 38 wb45 0 they rinsed the burnt offerings Possible meanings for “they” are 1) the people who were bringing offerings or 2) the priests who killed the animals.
EZK 40 38 wb45 0 they rinsed the burnt offerings Possible meanings for “they” are (1) the people who were bringing offerings or (2) the priests who killed the animals.
EZK 40 38 sg2q 0 the burnt offerings the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings
EZK 40 39 jkg2 0 There were two tables on each side of each portico there were four tables—two on each side of each portico
EZK 40 39 k2nh figs-activepassive 0 the burnt offering was slaughtered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed the burnt offering” or “they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3081,7 +3081,7 @@ EZK 41 18 g9t5 0 was decorated “was made beautiful”
EZK 41 18 ne31 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md).
EZK 41 18 m9dj 0 cherub This is the singular form of “cherubim.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md).
EZK 41 20 cf7z 0 the house “the temple”
EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. Possible meanings of the sentence are 1) as it is translated in the ULT or 2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. Possible meanings of the sentence are (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 41 22 lqs8 translate-bdistance 0 three cubits…two cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters…about 1.1 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 23 wx5m 0 There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors”
EZK 41 24 p6xg 0 These doors had two hinged door panels each “Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing.
@ -3116,7 +3116,7 @@ EZK 43 2 qi98 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the reader to pay at
EZK 43 2 e4w7 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md).
EZK 43 2 m5fd 0 the earth shone with his glory “the earth was full of bright light from his glory”
EZK 43 3 k5tf 0 It was “The glory of God coming from the east was”
EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city Possible meanings are 1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or 2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city”
EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city Possible meanings are (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city”
EZK 43 3 s248 figs-abstractnouns 0 according to the appearance of the vision The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 43 3 f83h 0 according to the vision “like the vision”
EZK 43 3 akc5 figs-synecdoche 0 when he had come to destroy the city “when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -3167,7 +3167,7 @@ EZK 44 2 zv5f 0 the God of Israel See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4]
EZK 44 3 pv9b 0 He will enter by way of the gate’s portico and go out the same way He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat.
EZK 44 3 x28c 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 44 3 gk1x 0 before Yahweh “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh”
EZK 44 4 ztc8 0 Then he Possible meanings are 1) “Then the man” or 2) “Then Yahweh.”
EZK 44 4 ztc8 0 Then he Possible meanings are (1) “Then the man” or (2) “Then Yahweh.”
EZK 44 4 qy4q 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
EZK 44 4 r9tj 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
EZK 44 4 sbu8 figs-idiom 0 I fell to my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ DAN 7 9 xvt9 0 the Ancient of Days This is a title for God that means he is et
DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat…His clothing…the hair of his head This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.
DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 9 imw8 0 His clothing was as white as snow His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”
DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames…its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ DAN 7 14 z6xf figs-parallelism 0 will not pass away…will never be destroyed T
DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me…the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. Possible meanings 1) these are angels, spirits who serve God 2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. Possible meanings (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me “to tell me” or “to explain to me”
DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things “the things I had seen”
DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, “These four large animals”
@ -612,8 +612,8 @@ DAN 8 19 v9et figs-explicit 0 the time of wrath This refers to the time when Go
DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end “the time when the world will end”
DAN 8 20 bi9v writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are “two horns—they represent”
DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or 2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the king of Greece or 2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is “The large horn between his eyes represents”
DAN 8 22 j764 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken…four others arose “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”
@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ DAN 10 8 gpj1 figs-activepassive 0 So I was left alone and saw This can be stat
DAN 10 8 tiw7 figs-activepassive 0 my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look This can be stated in active form. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 8 pp1z figs-idiom 0 my bright appearance This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: “my healthy-looking face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 10 8 fy67 figs-metaphor 0 a ruined look Someone’s unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: “pale” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 10 10 q7sg figs-synecdoche 0 A hand touched me Here a person’s hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 10 11 uuf2 figs-activepassive 0 Daniel, man greatly treasured This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 11 r2td 0 greatly treasured much valued and loved
@ -779,11 +779,11 @@ DAN 11 1 iik8 0 General Information: In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who
DAN 11 1 rm8a figs-explicit 0 In the first year of Darius Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia “Three kings will rule over Persia”
DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power Possible meanings are 1) authority or 2) military power.
DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power Possible meanings are (1) authority or (2) military power.
DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom Possible meanings are 1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or 2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom Possible meanings are (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ DAN 11 20 yg3t 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 20 j9ng figs-explicit 0 will make a tax collector pass through The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger Possible meanings are (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 21 jzb9 figs-activepassive 0 a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ DAN 11 36 m82m figs-metaphor 0 until the wrath is completed This phrase picture
DAN 11 37 swa4 0 the god desirable to women This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.
DAN 11 38 a7fh 0 the god of fortresses The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”
DAN 11 38 zdm8 0 instead of these The word “these” refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md).
DAN 11 39 xrm1 0 he will divide up the land as a reward Possible meanings are 1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or 2) “he will sell land to his followers”
DAN 11 39 xrm1 0 he will divide up the land as a reward Possible meanings are (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers”
DAN 11 40 tuf1 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
DAN 11 40 m1zi figs-synecdoche 0 the king of the South…The king of the North These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and his army…The king of the North and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 11 40 r8tv figs-metaphor 0 will storm against him Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: “will attack him like a violent storm” or “will violently attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ DAN 12 4 krj6 figs-explicit 0 Many will run here and there, and knowledge will
DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing “there were two other angels standing”
DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river Possible meanings are 1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river Possible meanings are (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
487 DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat…His clothing…the hair of his head This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.
488 DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
489 DAN 7 9 imw8 0 His clothing was as white as snow His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”
490 DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
491 DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
492 DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames…its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
493 DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
517 DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
518 DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me…the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
519 DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
520 DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. Possible meanings 1) these are angels, spirits who serve God 2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. Possible meanings (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
521 DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me “to tell me” or “to explain to me”
522 DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things “the things I had seen”
523 DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, “These four large animals”
612 DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end “the time when the world will end”
613 DAN 8 20 bi9v writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
614 DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are “two horns—they represent”
615 DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or 2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
616 DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the king of Greece or 2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
617 DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is “The large horn between his eyes represents”
618 DAN 8 22 j764 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
619 DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken…four others arose “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”
747 DAN 10 8 tiw7 figs-activepassive 0 my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look This can be stated in active form. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
748 DAN 10 8 pp1z figs-idiom 0 my bright appearance This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: “my healthy-looking face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
749 DAN 10 8 fy67 figs-metaphor 0 a ruined look Someone’s unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: “pale” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750 DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
751 DAN 10 10 q7sg figs-synecdoche 0 A hand touched me Here a person’s hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
752 DAN 10 11 uuf2 figs-activepassive 0 Daniel, man greatly treasured This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
753 DAN 10 11 r2td 0 greatly treasured much valued and loved
779 DAN 11 1 rm8a figs-explicit 0 In the first year of Darius Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
780 DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia “Three kings will rule over Persia”
781 DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
782 DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power Possible meanings are 1) authority or 2) military power. Possible meanings are (1) authority or (2) military power.
783 DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
784 DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
785 DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
786 DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom Possible meanings are 1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or 2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. Possible meanings are (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
787 DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
788 DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
789 DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
838 DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
839 DAN 11 20 j9ng figs-explicit 0 will make a tax collector pass through The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
840 DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
841 DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
842 DAN 11 21 jzb9 figs-activepassive 0 a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
843 DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
844 DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
902 DAN 11 37 swa4 0 the god desirable to women This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.
903 DAN 11 38 a7fh 0 the god of fortresses The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”
904 DAN 11 38 zdm8 0 instead of these The word “these” refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md).
905 DAN 11 39 xrm1 0 he will divide up the land as a reward Possible meanings are 1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or 2) “he will sell land to his followers” Possible meanings are (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers”
906 DAN 11 40 tuf1 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
907 DAN 11 40 m1zi figs-synecdoche 0 the king of the South…The king of the North These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and his army…The king of the North and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
908 DAN 11 40 r8tv figs-metaphor 0 will storm against him Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: “will attack him like a violent storm” or “will violently attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
940 DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
941 DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing “there were two other angels standing”
942 DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
943 DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river Possible meanings are 1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the angel was further upstream along the river. Possible meanings are (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
944 DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
945 DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
946 DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

14
en_tn_28-HOS.tsv
View File

@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ HOS 4 5 a2zy figs-metaphor 0 I will destroy your mother Here “mother” refer
HOS 4 6 qhc8 0 General Information: In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7.
HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame Possible meanings are 1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or 2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame Possible meanings are (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ HOS 5 4 kub1 0 they do not know Yahweh Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any wa
HOS 5 5 iu6y 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
HOS 5 5 rch3 figs-personification 0 The pride of Israel testifies against him This describes “pride” as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HOS 5 5 px3d figs-idiom 0 so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HOS 5 7 im5k 0 They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or 2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols.
HOS 5 7 im5k 0 They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children Possible meanings are (1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or (2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols.
HOS 5 7 yu59 figs-personification 0 Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HOS 5 8 uh2c 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
HOS 5 8 tj5p figs-doublet 0 Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah Here “horn” and “trumpet” mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ HOS 6 5 kr95 figs-simile 0 Your decrees are like the light that shines out Here
HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees “Yahweh’s commands”
HOS 6 6 r5ls 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 6 6 vj1l 0 For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of “more than,” as the next line shows (“and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings”). Alternate translation: “For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice”
HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Adam, the first man or 2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or 3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 6 8 cwt2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 6 8 jyk1 figs-metonymy 0 Gilead is a city…with footprints of blood “Footprints of blood” probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 6 9 drp6 0 the priests band together to commit murder on the way to Shechem We do not know what this refers to. Were priests actually guilty of attacking people on their way to Shechem, which was an important religious and political center? Or is the prophet saying that the priests have “killed” true knowledge and worship of Yahweh? It is best to translate this expression as plainly as possible.
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ HOS 8 1 tc1q figs-metaphor 0 broken my covenant Here “broken” represents
HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you “are faithful to you”
HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or 2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected Possible meanings are (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HOS 8 5 xu7a figs-metonymy 0 Your calf The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: “Because you worship your calf idol, your worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 8 5 k9n8 figs-metaphor 0 My anger is burning against these people Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 5 xq3d figs-rquestion 0 For how long will they stay guilty? Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. “I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ HOS 9 6 ks54 figs-doublet 0 sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fil
HOS 9 6 huq9 figs-metonymy 0 their tents Here “tents” represents the Israelites’ homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 9 7 j1km 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
HOS 9 7 g5su figs-parallelism 0 The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 9 7 k43u figs-parallelism 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 9 7 k43u figs-parallelism 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or (2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 9 7 ns2q figs-doublet 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane Here “prophet” and “inspired man” both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 9 7 dpe1 figs-doublet 0 because of your great iniquity and great hostility The phrases “great iniquity” and “great hostility” share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HOS 9 8 s6hc 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ HOS 12 8 bm7n figs-parallelism 0 I have certainly become very rich; I have foun
HOS 12 8 p9bb figs-metaphor 0 I have found wealth Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. Alternate translation: “I have made much money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 12 8 p94j figs-doublet 0 they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. Alternate translation: “they will not discover that I have done anything sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 12 9 p92t 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
HOS 12 9 a7dd 0 I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt Possible meanings are 1) “I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt” or 2) “I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt” or 3) “I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt”
HOS 12 9 g5yk figs-metonymy 0 I will again make you live in tents Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to “live in tents” would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here “to live in tents” would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 12 9 a7dd 0 I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt Possible meanings are (1) “I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt” or (2) “I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt” or (3) “I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt”
HOS 12 9 g5yk figs-metonymy 0 I will again make you live in tents Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to “live in tents” would represent being sent into exile, or (2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here “to live in tents” would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 12 10 q6ni figs-synecdoche 0 By the hand of the prophets Here “hand” represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate translation: “Through the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HOS 12 11 kqj8 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
HOS 12 11 h73r figs-simile 0 their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
108 HOS 4 6 qhc8 0 General Information: In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7.
109 HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110 HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111 HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame Possible meanings are 1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or 2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112 HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
113 HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
114 HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
154 HOS 5 5 iu6y 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
155 HOS 5 5 rch3 figs-personification 0 The pride of Israel testifies against him This describes “pride” as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
156 HOS 5 5 px3d figs-idiom 0 so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
157 HOS 5 7 im5k 0 They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or 2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols. Possible meanings are (1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or (2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols.
158 HOS 5 7 yu59 figs-personification 0 Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
159 HOS 5 8 uh2c 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
160 HOS 5 8 tj5p figs-doublet 0 Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah Here “horn” and “trumpet” mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
195 HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees “Yahweh’s commands”
196 HOS 6 6 r5ls 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
197 HOS 6 6 vj1l 0 For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of “more than,” as the next line shows (“and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings”). Alternate translation: “For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice”
198 HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Adam, the first man or 2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or 3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
199 HOS 6 8 cwt2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
200 HOS 6 8 jyk1 figs-metonymy 0 Gilead is a city…with footprints of blood “Footprints of blood” probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
201 HOS 6 9 drp6 0 the priests band together to commit murder on the way to Shechem We do not know what this refers to. Were priests actually guilty of attacking people on their way to Shechem, which was an important religious and political center? Or is the prophet saying that the priests have “killed” true knowledge and worship of Yahweh? It is best to translate this expression as plainly as possible.
254 HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you “are faithful to you”
255 HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
256 HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
257 HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or 2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
258 HOS 8 5 xu7a figs-metonymy 0 Your calf The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: “Because you worship your calf idol, your worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
259 HOS 8 5 k9n8 figs-metaphor 0 My anger is burning against these people Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260 HOS 8 5 xq3d figs-rquestion 0 For how long will they stay guilty? Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. “I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
292 HOS 9 6 huq9 figs-metonymy 0 their tents Here “tents” represents the Israelites’ homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293 HOS 9 7 j1km 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
294 HOS 9 7 g5su figs-parallelism 0 The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
295 HOS 9 7 k43u figs-parallelism 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or (2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
296 HOS 9 7 ns2q figs-doublet 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane Here “prophet” and “inspired man” both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
297 HOS 9 7 dpe1 figs-doublet 0 because of your great iniquity and great hostility The phrases “great iniquity” and “great hostility” share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
298 HOS 9 8 s6hc 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
414 HOS 12 8 p9bb figs-metaphor 0 I have found wealth Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. Alternate translation: “I have made much money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
415 HOS 12 8 p94j figs-doublet 0 they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. Alternate translation: “they will not discover that I have done anything sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
416 HOS 12 9 p92t 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
417 HOS 12 9 a7dd 0 I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt Possible meanings are 1) “I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt” or 2) “I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt” or 3) “I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt” Possible meanings are (1) “I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt” or (2) “I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt” or (3) “I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt”
418 HOS 12 9 g5yk figs-metonymy 0 I will again make you live in tents Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to “live in tents” would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here “to live in tents” would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to “live in tents” would represent being sent into exile, or (2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here “to live in tents” would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
419 HOS 12 10 q6ni figs-synecdoche 0 By the hand of the prophets Here “hand” represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate translation: “Through the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
420 HOS 12 11 kqj8 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
421 HOS 12 11 h73r figs-simile 0 their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ JOL 2 2 qmb9 figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1
JOL 2 2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 gloom total or partial darkness
JOL 2 2 pcr6 figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 day of clouds and thick darkness This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 2 h3d1 figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word “army” could possibly be 1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word “army” could possibly be (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 2 3 xcv4 0 General Information: Joel’s description of the coming army continues.
JOL 2 3 fly5 figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire is consuming everything in front of it A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 3 z5iu figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַחֲרָ֖י⁠ו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה 1 behind it a flame is burning After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ JOL 3 10 epv7 וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 pruning knives knive
JOL 3 11 iq6r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 11 rp2a figs-irony ע֣וּשׁוּ וָ⁠בֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֛ם מִ⁠סָּבִ֖יב וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּ⁠ה 1 Hurry and come…together there These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOL 3 11 p5mc figs-explicit וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ 1 gather yourselves together The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather yourselves together for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer.
JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors Possible meanings are (1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or (2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer.
JOL 3 12 b1jw 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 12 ul2y הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם…אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם מִ⁠סָּבִֽיב 1 Let the nations wake themselves…all the surrounding nations The words “the nations” and “the surrounding nations” refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem.
JOL 3 12 pq55 עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](../03/02.md).
JOL 3 13 hq7f figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל…מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Put in the sickle…the winepress is full Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 hq7f figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל…מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Put in the sickle…the winepress is full Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if (1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or (2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 iw8d figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word “sickle,” you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 i8r2 figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל 1 Put in the sickle “Swing the sickle to cut the grain.” This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 zx33 מַגָּ֔ל 1 sickle a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ JOL 3 14 r3ir בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ…בְּ⁠עֵ֖מ
JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or 2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 3 16 vd5q וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md).
JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
45 JOL 2 2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 gloom total or partial darkness
46 JOL 2 2 pcr6 figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 day of clouds and thick darkness This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
47 JOL 2 2 h3d1 figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
48 JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word “army” could possibly be 1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word “army” could possibly be (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
49 JOL 2 3 xcv4 0 General Information: Joel’s description of the coming army continues.
50 JOL 2 3 fly5 figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire is consuming everything in front of it A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51 JOL 2 3 z5iu figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַחֲרָ֖י⁠ו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה 1 behind it a flame is burning After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139 JOL 3 11 iq6r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
140 JOL 3 11 rp2a figs-irony ע֣וּשׁוּ וָ⁠בֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֛ם מִ⁠סָּבִ֖יב וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּ⁠ה 1 Hurry and come…together there These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
141 JOL 3 11 p5mc figs-explicit וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ 1 gather yourselves together The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather yourselves together for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
142 JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. Possible meanings are (1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or (2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer.
143 JOL 3 12 b1jw 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
144 JOL 3 12 ul2y הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם…אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם מִ⁠סָּבִֽיב 1 Let the nations wake themselves…all the surrounding nations The words “the nations” and “the surrounding nations” refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem.
145 JOL 3 12 pq55 עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](../03/02.md).
146 JOL 3 13 hq7f figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל…מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Put in the sickle…the winepress is full Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if (1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or (2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
147 JOL 3 13 iw8d figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word “sickle,” you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
148 JOL 3 13 i8r2 figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל 1 Put in the sickle “Swing the sickle to cut the grain.” This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149 JOL 3 13 zx33 מַגָּ֔ל 1 sickle a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
155 JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
156 JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
157 JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
158 JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or 2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159 JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160 JOL 3 16 vd5q וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md).
161 JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

20
en_tn_30-AMO.tsv
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@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ AMO 1 4 ik4f figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the fortresses of Ben Hadad Here Ya
AMO 1 4 yi4i translate-names 0 Hazael…Ben Hadad These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 1 5 mq54 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Damascus.
AMO 1 5 j6ku figs-metaphor 0 cut off the man Here to “cut off” means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “destroy the man” or “drive away the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 5 na9l translate-names 0 Valley of Aven This is the name of a place that means “valley of wickedness.” Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the valley of wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 5 na9l translate-names 0 Valley of Aven This is the name of a place that means “valley of wickedness.” Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the valley of wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 5 aji7 figs-metonymy 0 the man who holds the scepter in This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: “the ruler of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 5 q6cf translate-names 0 Beth Eden This is the name of a place that means “house of pleasure.” Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the house of pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 5 q6cf translate-names 0 Beth Eden This is the name of a place that means “house of pleasure.” Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the house of pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 5 zgv6 translate-names 0 Kir This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 1 6 wc1b 0 For three sins of…even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 1 6 ir17 figs-metonymy 0 Gaza Here “Gaza” represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: “the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ AMO 2 14 x39h figs-nominaladj 0 The swift…the strong…the mighty These adjec
AMO 2 15 pt37 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
AMO 2 15 qs5b 0 The archer will not stand Here “stand” means to keep one’s place in battle.
AMO 2 15 q2w6 figs-explicit 0 the fast runner will not escape The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: “the fast runner will be captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or 2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day “at that time”
AMO 2 16 szp1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 3 intro gtz5 0 # Amos 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: “Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them.” The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of “no” because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message.<br>
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ AMO 4 4 l9eu 0 General Information: God gives several commands in verse 4, but
AMO 4 4 sca9 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
AMO 4 4 plw6 figs-irony 0 Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 4 4 rpw1 figs-irony 0 bring your sacrifices…every three days God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You bring your sacrifices…every three days, but it does you no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days Possible meanings are 1) on the third day or 3) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years.
AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days Possible meanings are (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years.
AMO 4 5 uc1y figs-irony 0 Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice…proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them “boast about them”
AMO 4 5 xk7i figs-explicit 0 for this pleases you, you people of Israel Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: “for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ AMO 4 11 cjh1 figs-metaphor 0 You were like a burning stick snatched out of the
AMO 4 12 bg4y 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
AMO 4 12 p5ze figs-123person 0 prepare to meet your God God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. Alternate translation: “prepare to meet me, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 4 13 krg8 figs-123person 0 he who forms the mountains…reveals his thoughts…is his name It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words “I” and “me.” Alternate translation: “I who form the mountains…reveal my thoughts…is my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 4 13 n7pa 0 makes the morning darkness Possible meanings are 1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: “makes the morning dark” or 2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: “makes morning and evening”
AMO 4 13 n7pa 0 makes the morning darkness Possible meanings are (1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: “makes the morning dark” or (2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: “makes morning and evening”
AMO 4 13 s3jv figs-metaphor 0 treads on the high places of the earth God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. Alternate translation: “rules over all the earth” or “rules over even the highest places of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 4 13 sha6 0 Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this.
AMO 5 intro w1eh 0 # Amos 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Place Names<br>This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### City gate<br>The “city gate” is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ AMO 5 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies “Your solemn ass
AMO 5 23 i5jv figs-metaphor 0 Remove from me the noise of your songs This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: “Stop singing your noisy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 23 es63 0 noise unpleasant sounds
AMO 5 24 nn21 figs-simile 0 let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: “let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream” or “let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 5 25 a3v7 figs-rquestion 0 Did you bring me sacrifices…Israel? Possible meanings are 1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not bring me sacrifices…Israel.” or 2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: “You did not have to bring me sacrifices…Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 5 25 a3v7 figs-rquestion 0 Did you bring me sacrifices…Israel? Possible meanings are (1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not bring me sacrifices…Israel.” or (2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: “You did not have to bring me sacrifices…Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 5 25 ye8l figs-metonymy 0 Did you bring God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “Did your ancestors bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 5 25 fma5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: “you people of Israel” or “you Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 5 26 qnx9 figs-metonymy 0 You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth…and Kaiwan Here “lifted up the images” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth…and Kaiwan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ AMO 6 4 nte4 0 beds of ivory “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds
AMO 6 4 hge8 translate-unknown 0 ivory a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
AMO 6 4 iy9i 0 lounge lie around like lazy people
AMO 6 4 t9gg 0 couches soft seats large enough to lie down on
AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or 2) they invent new instruments.
AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments Possible meanings: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments.
AMO 6 6 wq23 figs-explicit 0 drink wine from bowls This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 6 dxk5 figs-metonymy 0 they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph Here “Joseph” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first”
@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ AMO 6 8 l8fw figs-metonymy 0 I detest the pride of Jacob Here “Jacob” repre
AMO 6 8 n646 figs-explicit 0 I hate his fortresses It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: “I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 9 y9m6 figs-hypo 0 General Information: In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypothetical situation of what it will be like when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
AMO 6 9 rz49 figs-explicit 0 if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: “if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is…you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate…the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or 2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate…the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is…you?’”
AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is…you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate…the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate…the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is…you?’”
AMO 6 10 v4gf 0 cremate to burn a dead body
AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses “bringing the dead bodies”
AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ AMO 7 8 t5nq figs-metaphor 0 I will put a plumb line among my people Israel Jud
AMO 7 9 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here “sword” represents an army. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 7 9 u5md figs-metonymy 0 Isaac…Israel Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Isaac…the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 9 g5em figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jeroboam Here “house” represents “family.” Translate “Jeroboam” as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel.
AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel Possible meanings: (1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or (2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel.
AMO 7 10 wue4 translate-names 0 Amaziah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 7 10 xez3 figs-metonymy 0 Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel Here “house” represents “people.” Alternate translation: “Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 10 zcx9 figs-metonymy 0 The land cannot bear all his words Here “land” represents “people.” Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos’s words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. Alternate translation: “What his is saying disturb the peace among the people” or “His message will cause trouble among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ AMO 8 1 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word “look” here shows
AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit “ripe fruit”
AMO 8 2 ixx6 figs-rquestion 0 What do you see, Amos? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you see, Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day “at that time”
AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or 2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment.
AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment.
AMO 8 4 jya8 0 Listen to this Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor.
AMO 8 4 sm8z figs-nominaladj 0 you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives “the needy” and “the poor.” Alternate translation: “you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 8 4 jhz4 figs-metaphor 0 you who trample Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. Alternate translation: “you who harm” or “you who oppress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
22 AMO 1 4 yi4i translate-names 0 Hazael…Ben Hadad These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23 AMO 1 5 mq54 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Damascus.
24 AMO 1 5 j6ku figs-metaphor 0 cut off the man Here to “cut off” means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “destroy the man” or “drive away the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25 AMO 1 5 na9l translate-names 0 Valley of Aven This is the name of a place that means “valley of wickedness.” Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the valley of wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This is the name of a place that means “valley of wickedness.” Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the valley of wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26 AMO 1 5 aji7 figs-metonymy 0 the man who holds the scepter in This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: “the ruler of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27 AMO 1 5 q6cf translate-names 0 Beth Eden This is the name of a place that means “house of pleasure.” Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the house of pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This is the name of a place that means “house of pleasure.” Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the house of pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28 AMO 1 5 zgv6 translate-names 0 Kir This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
29 AMO 1 6 wc1b 0 For three sins of…even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
30 AMO 1 6 ir17 figs-metonymy 0 Gaza Here “Gaza” represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: “the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
111 AMO 2 15 pt37 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
112 AMO 2 15 qs5b 0 The archer will not stand Here “stand” means to keep one’s place in battle.
113 AMO 2 15 q2w6 figs-explicit 0 the fast runner will not escape The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: “the fast runner will be captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114 AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or 2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115 AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day “at that time”
116 AMO 2 16 szp1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
117 AMO 3 intro gtz5 0 # Amos 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: “Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them.” The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of “no” because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message.<br>
182 AMO 4 4 sca9 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
183 AMO 4 4 plw6 figs-irony 0 Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
184 AMO 4 4 rpw1 figs-irony 0 bring your sacrifices…every three days God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You bring your sacrifices…every three days, but it does you no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
185 AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days Possible meanings are 1) on the third day or 3) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. Possible meanings are (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years.
186 AMO 4 5 uc1y figs-irony 0 Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice…proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
187 AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them “boast about them”
188 AMO 4 5 xk7i figs-explicit 0 for this pleases you, you people of Israel Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: “for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
213 AMO 4 12 bg4y 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
214 AMO 4 12 p5ze figs-123person 0 prepare to meet your God God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. Alternate translation: “prepare to meet me, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
215 AMO 4 13 krg8 figs-123person 0 he who forms the mountains…reveals his thoughts…is his name It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words “I” and “me.” Alternate translation: “I who form the mountains…reveal my thoughts…is my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
216 AMO 4 13 n7pa 0 makes the morning darkness Possible meanings are 1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: “makes the morning dark” or 2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: “makes morning and evening” Possible meanings are (1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: “makes the morning dark” or (2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: “makes morning and evening”
217 AMO 4 13 s3jv figs-metaphor 0 treads on the high places of the earth God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. Alternate translation: “rules over all the earth” or “rules over even the highest places of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218 AMO 4 13 sha6 0 Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this.
219 AMO 5 intro w1eh 0 # Amos 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Place Names<br>This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### City gate<br>The “city gate” is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
272 AMO 5 23 i5jv figs-metaphor 0 Remove from me the noise of your songs This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: “Stop singing your noisy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273 AMO 5 23 es63 0 noise unpleasant sounds
274 AMO 5 24 nn21 figs-simile 0 let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: “let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream” or “let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
275 AMO 5 25 a3v7 figs-rquestion 0 Did you bring me sacrifices…Israel? Possible meanings are 1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not bring me sacrifices…Israel.” or 2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: “You did not have to bring me sacrifices…Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not bring me sacrifices…Israel.” or (2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: “You did not have to bring me sacrifices…Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
276 AMO 5 25 ye8l figs-metonymy 0 Did you bring God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “Did your ancestors bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277 AMO 5 25 fma5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: “you people of Israel” or “you Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
278 AMO 5 26 qnx9 figs-metonymy 0 You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth…and Kaiwan Here “lifted up the images” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth…and Kaiwan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293 AMO 6 4 hge8 translate-unknown 0 ivory a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
294 AMO 6 4 iy9i 0 lounge lie around like lazy people
295 AMO 6 4 t9gg 0 couches soft seats large enough to lie down on
296 AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments Possible meanings: 1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or 2) they invent new instruments. Possible meanings: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments.
297 AMO 6 6 wq23 figs-explicit 0 drink wine from bowls This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
298 AMO 6 6 dxk5 figs-metonymy 0 they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph Here “Joseph” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299 AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first”
303 AMO 6 8 n646 figs-explicit 0 I hate his fortresses It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: “I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
304 AMO 6 9 y9m6 figs-hypo 0 General Information: In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypothetical situation of what it will be like when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
305 AMO 6 9 rz49 figs-explicit 0 if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: “if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
306 AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is…you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate…the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or 2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate…the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is…you?’” The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate…the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate…the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is…you?’”
307 AMO 6 10 v4gf 0 cremate to burn a dead body
308 AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses “bringing the dead bodies”
309 AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
338 AMO 7 9 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here “sword” represents an army. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
339 AMO 7 9 u5md figs-metonymy 0 Isaac…Israel Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Isaac…the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
340 AMO 7 9 g5em figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jeroboam Here “house” represents “family.” Translate “Jeroboam” as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341 AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. Possible meanings: (1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or (2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel.
342 AMO 7 10 wue4 translate-names 0 Amaziah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
343 AMO 7 10 xez3 figs-metonymy 0 Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel Here “house” represents “people.” Alternate translation: “Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
344 AMO 7 10 zcx9 figs-metonymy 0 The land cannot bear all his words Here “land” represents “people.” Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos’s words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. Alternate translation: “What his is saying disturb the peace among the people” or “His message will cause trouble among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
357 AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit “ripe fruit”
358 AMO 8 2 ixx6 figs-rquestion 0 What do you see, Amos? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you see, Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
359 AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day “at that time”
360 AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or 2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment.
361 AMO 8 4 jya8 0 Listen to this Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor.
362 AMO 8 4 sm8z figs-nominaladj 0 you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives “the needy” and “the poor.” Alternate translation: “you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
363 AMO 8 4 jhz4 figs-metaphor 0 you who trample Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. Alternate translation: “you who harm” or “you who oppress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ OBA 1 7 xk3q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his messag
OBA 1 7 a612 כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your alliance…The men who were at peace with you…They who eat your bread All three of these phrases refer to Edom’s allies.
OBA 1 7 n3t6 בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 your alliance The word “your” refers to the nation of Edom.
OBA 1 7 cr88 עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ 1 will send you on your way to the border “will send you out of their land.” The people of Edom will try to take refuge in the land of their allies, but their allies will not let the people of Edom stay in their land.
OBA 1 7 rc1i אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. Possible meanings are 1) the allies say this about Edom. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘Edom does not understand anything.’” or 2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. Alternate translation: “No one can understand why they did this.”
OBA 1 7 rc1i אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. Possible meanings are (1) the allies say this about Edom. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘Edom does not understand anything.’” or (2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. Alternate translation: “No one can understand why they did this.”
OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 Will I not on that day,” says Yahweh, “destroy…mountain of Esau? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize the certainty of the destruction of Edom. Alternate translation: “‘On that day,’ says Yahweh, ‘I surely will destroy…mountain of Esau.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 8 z8tf מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 the mountain of Esau Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom.
OBA 1 9 e7d9 וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Your mighty men will be dismayed “Your strong warriors will be afraid”
@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ OBA 1 19 m7qk וְ⁠הַ⁠שְּׁפֵלָה֙ 1 those of the Shepelah This r
OBA 1 19 x15u וְ⁠יָרְשׁוּ֙ 1 They will possess Here “They” appears to refer to the people of Israel in general.
OBA 1 19 gup4 וּ⁠בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 Benjamin will possess “the tribe of Benjamin will possess” or “the descendants of Benjamin will possess”
OBA 1 20 b7al 1 General Information: In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom.
OBA 1 20 xw8x וְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת הַֽ⁠חֵל־הַ֠⁠זֶּה לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 The exiles of this host of the people of Israel Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or 2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon.
OBA 1 20 xw8x וְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת הַֽ⁠חֵל־הַ֠⁠זֶּה לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 The exiles of this host of the people of Israel Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or (2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon.
OBA 1 20 t8hm הַֽ⁠חֵל 1 host a very large group of people
OBA 1 20 r8cn translate-names עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת 1 as far as Zarephath Zarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. Alternate translation: “as far north as Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
OBA 1 20 u5t1 וְ⁠גָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם 1 The exiles of Jerusalem This group is contrasted with either the Israelites from the northern kingdom, or with the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem.
OBA 1 20 x6yt translate-names בִּ⁠סְפָרַ֑ד 1 Sepharad This is the name of a place whose location is unknown. Some experts suggest it refers to the city of Sardis in the region of Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
OBA 1 21 j7nf וְ⁠עָל֤וּ מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ בְּ⁠הַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן לִ⁠שְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֑ו 1 Deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to rule over the hill country of Esau “Deliverers will go up to Jerusalem and rule over Edom from there”
OBA 1 21 hyg2 מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ 1 Deliverers Possible meanings are 1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or 2) the text should read “Those who will be delivered” and refers to the returning Jewish exiles.
OBA 1 21 hyg2 מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ 1 Deliverers Possible meanings are (1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or (2) the text should read “Those who will be delivered” and refers to the returning Jewish exiles.
OBA 1 21 wy7x וְ⁠הָיְתָ֥ה לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה הַ⁠מְּלוּכָֽה 1 the kingdom will belong to Yahweh This phrase emphasizes that Yahweh will personally rule over the kingdom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be their king”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
33 OBA 1 7 a612 כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your alliance…The men who were at peace with you…They who eat your bread All three of these phrases refer to Edom’s allies.
34 OBA 1 7 n3t6 בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 your alliance The word “your” refers to the nation of Edom.
35 OBA 1 7 cr88 עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ 1 will send you on your way to the border “will send you out of their land.” The people of Edom will try to take refuge in the land of their allies, but their allies will not let the people of Edom stay in their land.
36 OBA 1 7 rc1i אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. Possible meanings are 1) the allies say this about Edom. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘Edom does not understand anything.’” or 2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. Alternate translation: “No one can understand why they did this.” Possible meanings are (1) the allies say this about Edom. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘Edom does not understand anything.’” or (2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. Alternate translation: “No one can understand why they did this.”
37 OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 Will I not on that day,” says Yahweh, “destroy…mountain of Esau? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize the certainty of the destruction of Edom. Alternate translation: “‘On that day,’ says Yahweh, ‘I surely will destroy…mountain of Esau.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
38 OBA 1 8 z8tf מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 the mountain of Esau Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom.
39 OBA 1 9 e7d9 וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Your mighty men will be dismayed “Your strong warriors will be afraid”
89 OBA 1 19 x15u וְ⁠יָרְשׁוּ֙ 1 They will possess Here “They” appears to refer to the people of Israel in general.
90 OBA 1 19 gup4 וּ⁠בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 Benjamin will possess “the tribe of Benjamin will possess” or “the descendants of Benjamin will possess”
91 OBA 1 20 b7al 1 General Information: In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom.
92 OBA 1 20 xw8x וְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת הַֽ⁠חֵל־הַ֠⁠זֶּה לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 The exiles of this host of the people of Israel Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or 2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or (2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon.
93 OBA 1 20 t8hm הַֽ⁠חֵל 1 host a very large group of people
94 OBA 1 20 r8cn translate-names עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת 1 as far as Zarephath Zarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. Alternate translation: “as far north as Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
95 OBA 1 20 u5t1 וְ⁠גָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם 1 The exiles of Jerusalem This group is contrasted with either the Israelites from the northern kingdom, or with the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem.
96 OBA 1 20 x6yt translate-names בִּ⁠סְפָרַ֑ד 1 Sepharad This is the name of a place whose location is unknown. Some experts suggest it refers to the city of Sardis in the region of Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
97 OBA 1 21 j7nf וְ⁠עָל֤וּ מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ בְּ⁠הַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן לִ⁠שְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֑ו 1 Deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to rule over the hill country of Esau “Deliverers will go up to Jerusalem and rule over Edom from there”
98 OBA 1 21 hyg2 מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ 1 Deliverers Possible meanings are 1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or 2) the text should read “Those who will be delivered” and refers to the returning Jewish exiles. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or (2) the text should read “Those who will be delivered” and refers to the returning Jewish exiles.
99 OBA 1 21 wy7x וְ⁠הָיְתָ֥ה לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה הַ⁠מְּלוּכָֽה 1 the kingdom will belong to Yahweh This phrase emphasizes that Yahweh will personally rule over the kingdom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be their king”

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en_tn_32-JON.tsv
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ JON 1 4 jl77 figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 to be broken This
JON 1 5 d13r הַ⁠מַּלָּחִ֗ים 1 the sailors the men who worked on the ship
JON 1 5 u2bj אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֒ 1 his own god Here **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.
JON 1 5 sh1b וַ⁠יָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַ⁠כֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽ⁠אֳנִיָּה֙ 1 And they threw the things that were in the ship ***The men threw the heavy things off the ship***. By doing this, they hoped to keep the ship from sinking.
JON 1 5 tg27 לְ⁠הָקֵ֖ל מֵֽ⁠עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 to lighten it from upon them This could mean 1) to make the ship lighter so that it would float better. Alternate translation: ***to help the ship float better*** or 2) to lighten or relieve a dangerous situation. Alternate translation: ***to lessen the danger they were in***
JON 1 5 tg27 לְ⁠הָקֵ֖ל מֵֽ⁠עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 to lighten it from upon them This could mean (1) to make the ship lighter so that it would float better. Alternate translation: ***to help the ship float better*** or (2) to lighten or relieve a dangerous situation. Alternate translation: ***to lessen the danger they were in***
JON 1 5 uzt4 writing-background וְ⁠יוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַ⁠סְּפִינָ֔ה 1 But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship This is background information. Translate this in a way that it is clear that Jonah had already done this before the storm started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JON 1 5 f63r יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַ⁠סְּפִינָ֔ה 1 the innermost parts of the ship ***inside the ship***
JON 1 5 g4y4 וַ⁠יִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַ⁠יֵּרָדַֽם 1 and had lain down, and was deeply asleep ***and was lying there fast asleep*** or ***and was lying there and sleeping deeply***. For this reason, the storm did not wake him up.
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ JON 2 2 al5b וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר 1 And he said ***Jonah said***
JON 2 2 jdrC writing-poetry קָ֠רָאתִי מִ⁠צָּ֥רָה לִ֛⁠י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽ⁠יַּעֲנֵ֑⁠נִי 1 I cried out to Yahweh from my distress, and he answered me This line begins a poem describing Jonah’s experience and prayer in the belly of the fish. The poem does not give the exact words that Jonah prayed at the time because the poem was written later, describing Jonah’s experience in the fish, his prayer, and God’s answer as if they had already happened in the past. This first line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or as being addressed to another person as an introduction to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “Salvation belongs to Yahweh!” in [2:9](../02/09/jdrH). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JON 2 2 s7fi קָ֠רָאתִי מִ⁠צָּ֥רָה לִ֛⁠י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 I cried out to Yahweh from my distress ***I prayed to Yahweh during my great trouble*** or ***Yahweh, I cried out to you during my distress***
JON 2 2 wdr4 וַֽ⁠יַּעֲנֵ֑⁠נִי 1 he answered me ***Yahweh responded to me*** or ***he helped me*** or ***you answered me***
JON 2 2 w8wn figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל 1 from the belly of Sheol ***from the center of Sheol*** or ***from the deep part of Sheol***. Possible meanings include: 1) Jonah was speaking of being in the belly of the fish as being in Sheol; or 2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol; or 3) He was speaking as if he already had died and gone to Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 2 w8wn figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל 1 from the belly of Sheol ***from the center of Sheol*** or ***from the deep part of Sheol***. Possible meanings include: (1) Jonah was speaking of being in the belly of the fish as being in Sheol; or (2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol; or (3) He was speaking as if he already had died and gone to Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 2 ab77 translate-names שְׁא֛וֹל 1 Sheol ***Sheol*** was the name of the place where people went after they died. It was thought to be a shadowy world located somewhere under the ground. The New Testament equivalent seems to be “Hades,” where the dead wait for judgment (see Rev. 20:13). If your language has a word for this place, you may want to use it here, or borrow the word “Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JON 2 2 jdrD figs-idiom שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ קוֹלִֽ⁠י 1 you heard my voice This phrase probably has both a literal and a figurative meaning. The phrase probably means literally that Yahweh heard Jonah’s voice while he was praying inside the belly of the fish. However, the phrase “to hear someone’s voice” in the Old Testament often means “to listen and obey (comply).” In this context, Jonah is expressing that Yahweh both heard him and acted to save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JON 2 3 glp2 בִּ⁠לְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים 1 into the heart of the seas Here the term **heart** is a metaphor for “being inside” something. The phrase “in the heart of” means to be “in the middle of” or “completely surrounded by” sea water. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -89,18 +89,18 @@ JON 2 5 ca31 עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ 1 even as far as life Here the Hebrew term
JON 2 5 nr3v תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑⁠נִי 1 the deep was surrounding me ***deep water was all around me***
JON 2 5 p1fw ס֖וּף 1 seaweed ***seaweed*** is grass that grows in the sea
JON 2 6 z36i figs-metaphor הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥י⁠הָ בַעֲדִ֖⁠י לְ⁠עוֹלָ֑ם 1 the earth with its bars was around me forever Here Jonah uses a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. Alternate translation: “the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 6 dc3r figs-metaphor וַ⁠תַּ֧עַל מִ⁠שַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖⁠י 1 but you brought up my life from the pit Here the term **pit** has two possible meanings: 1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or 2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “But you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “But you saved my life from the place of the dead”
JON 2 6 dc3r figs-metaphor וַ⁠תַּ֧עַל מִ⁠שַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖⁠י 1 but you brought up my life from the pit Here the term **pit** has two possible meanings: (1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or (2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “But you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “But you saved my life from the place of the dead”
JON 2 6 i3mx יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י 1 Yahweh, my God! In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word **you**.
JON 2 7 jdr6 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בְּ⁠הִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַ⁠י֙ נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 When my spirit fainted upon me, This phrase could mean either: 1) Jonah was already in the process of dying when he remembered Yahweh; or 2) Jonah had given up hope of being rescued and resigned himself to the fact that he would die. Alternate translation: “When my life was fainting away from me” or “When my spirit inside me had fainted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
JON 2 7 jdr6 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בְּ⁠הִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַ⁠י֙ נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 When my spirit fainted upon me, This phrase could mean either: (1) Jonah was already in the process of dying when he remembered Yahweh; or (2) Jonah had given up hope of being rescued and resigned himself to the fact that he would die. Alternate translation: “When my life was fainting away from me” or “When my spirit inside me had fainted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
JON 2 7 l2b6 אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי 1 I remembered Yahweh Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say “I thought about you, Yahweh” or “Yahweh, I thought about you.”
JON 2 7 ue9g figs-metaphor וַ⁠תָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ תְּפִלָּתִ֔⁠י אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 and my prayer came to you, to your holy temple Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. This means that God heard his prayer and responded to it. Alternate translation: “then you in your holy temple heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JON 2 7 jdrF figs-metonymy הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 your holy temple Here the term “holy temple” may have either a literal or a figurative meaning, or perhaps both. Jonah might be speaking about the literal temple in Jerusalem, or he might be speaking about God’s dwelling place in Heaven. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JON 2 8 jdrE נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 my spirit Here the Hebrew term **my spirit** could also mean ***my life***.
JON 2 8 u1l9 figs-idiom מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא 1 Those who give attention to empty vanities Here the term “empty vanities” is probably an idiom referring to idols of false gods. Alternate translation: “Those who give attention to useless idols” or “Those who pay attention to useless gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenant faithfulness Here, **covenant faithfulness** could refer to 1) the faithfulness of God or 2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean 1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or 2) “are abandoning their commitment to you”
JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenant faithfulness Here, **covenant faithfulness** could refer to (1) the faithfulness of God or (2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean (1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or (2) “are abandoning their commitment to you”
JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “But I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
JON 2 9 jdrH יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either 1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or 2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrC).
JON 2 9 jdrH יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrC).
JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **salvation** is expressed as the verb ***save***. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JON 2 10 dz3j אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה 1 onto the dry land ***upon the ground*** or ***onto the shore***
JON 3 intro z3ut 0 # Jonah 03 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase ***three days’ journey*** is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, **So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it**. This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin. <br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ JON 3 3 g4nk figs-metonymy כִּ⁠דְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 the word of Ya
JON 3 3 dt1b writing-background וְ⁠נִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 Now Nineveh was a great city to Gpd, a journey of three days This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JON 3 3 jd8r figs-idiom עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהִ֔ים 1 a great city to God This is an idiom meaning that the city is both extremely large and one of the largest cities in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JON 3 3 ye82 figs-idiom מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 a journey of three days This appears to mean that a person had to walk for three days to completely go through it from one side of the city to the opposite side. It could also mean that it took three days to see the whole city. Alternate translation: “a city so large that it would take a person three days to walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JON 3 4 r2al וַ⁠יָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא בָ⁠עִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַ⁠יִּקְרָא֙ 1 So Jonah began to go into the city a journey of one day, and he called out This phrase has two possible meanings: 1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or 2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out.
JON 3 4 r2al וַ⁠יָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא בָ⁠עִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַ⁠יִּקְרָא֙ 1 So Jonah began to go into the city a journey of one day, and he called out This phrase has two possible meanings: (1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or (2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out.
JON 3 4 r94k וַ⁠יִּקְרָא֙ וַ⁠יֹּאמַ֔ר 1 and he called out and said ***and he proclaimed*** or ***and he shouted***
JON 3 4 ab78 ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם 1 Until 40 days ***After 40 days*** or ***In 40 days*** ***There remain 40 days, and***
JON 3 4 q2nc translate-numbers אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם 1 40 days ***forty days*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ JON 4 4 ab83 figs-explicit הַ⁠הֵיטֵ֖ב חָ֥רָה לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 Is
JON 4 5 q1f7 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֤א יוֹנָה֙ מִן־הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 Then Jonah went out from the city ***Then Jonah left the city of Nineveh***
JON 4 5 af46 מַה־יִּהְיֶ֖ה בָּ⁠עִֽיר 1 what would transpire within the city Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not. Alternate translation: “what would become of the city” or “what God would do to the city”
JON 4 6 i4r4 מֵ⁠עַ֣ל לְ⁠יוֹנָ֗ה לִֽ⁠הְי֥וֹת צֵל֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 from over Jonah to be a shade over his head ***over Jonah’s head for shade***
JON 4 6 t21k לְ⁠הַצִּ֥יל ל֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠רָֽעָת֑⁠וֹ 1 to rescue him from his evil Here the term “evil” could mean two things (or both at the same time): 1) “discomfort” or “distress,” meaning the intense heat of the sun shining on Jonah’s head; or 2) “wrong,” meaning Jonah’s wrong attitude concerning God’s decision not to destroy Nineveh. If both meanings can be preserved, that is preferable. If not, you can choose an Alternate translation: “to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun” or “to save Jonah from his wrong attitude”
JON 4 6 t21k לְ⁠הַצִּ֥יל ל֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠רָֽעָת֑⁠וֹ 1 to rescue him from his evil Here the term “evil” could mean two things (or both at the same time): (1) “discomfort” or “distress,” meaning the intense heat of the sun shining on Jonah’s head; or (2) “wrong,” meaning Jonah’s wrong attitude concerning God’s decision not to destroy Nineveh. If both meanings can be preserved, that is preferable. If not, you can choose an Alternate translation: “to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun” or “to save Jonah from his wrong attitude”
JON 4 7 t7il וַ⁠יְמַ֤ן הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִים֙ תּוֹלַ֔עַת 1 Then God appointed a worm ***Then God sent a worm***
JON 4 7 rw7z וַ⁠תַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַ⁠קִּֽיקָי֖וֹן 1 and it attacked the plant ***and the worm chewed the plant***
JON 4 7 d16m וַ⁠יִּיבָֽשׁ 1 and it withered The plant became dry and died. Alternate translation: “so that the plant died”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
26 JON 1 5 d13r הַ⁠מַּלָּחִ֗ים 1 the sailors the men who worked on the ship
27 JON 1 5 u2bj אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֒ 1 his own god Here **god** refers to false gods and idols that people worship.
28 JON 1 5 sh1b וַ⁠יָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַ⁠כֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽ⁠אֳנִיָּה֙ 1 And they threw the things that were in the ship ***The men threw the heavy things off the ship***. By doing this, they hoped to keep the ship from sinking.
29 JON 1 5 tg27 לְ⁠הָקֵ֖ל מֵֽ⁠עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 to lighten it from upon them This could mean 1) to make the ship lighter so that it would float better. Alternate translation: ***to help the ship float better*** or 2) to lighten or relieve a dangerous situation. Alternate translation: ***to lessen the danger they were in*** This could mean (1) to make the ship lighter so that it would float better. Alternate translation: ***to help the ship float better*** or (2) to lighten or relieve a dangerous situation. Alternate translation: ***to lessen the danger they were in***
30 JON 1 5 uzt4 writing-background וְ⁠יוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַ⁠סְּפִינָ֔ה 1 But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship This is background information. Translate this in a way that it is clear that Jonah had already done this before the storm started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
31 JON 1 5 f63r יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַ⁠סְּפִינָ֔ה 1 the innermost parts of the ship ***inside the ship***
32 JON 1 5 g4y4 וַ⁠יִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַ⁠יֵּרָדַֽם 1 and had lain down, and was deeply asleep ***and was lying there fast asleep*** or ***and was lying there and sleeping deeply***. For this reason, the storm did not wake him up.
73 JON 2 2 jdrC writing-poetry קָ֠רָאתִי מִ⁠צָּ֥רָה לִ֛⁠י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽ⁠יַּעֲנֵ֑⁠נִי 1 I cried out to Yahweh from my distress, and he answered me This line begins a poem describing Jonah’s experience and prayer in the belly of the fish. The poem does not give the exact words that Jonah prayed at the time because the poem was written later, describing Jonah’s experience in the fish, his prayer, and God’s answer as if they had already happened in the past. This first line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or as being addressed to another person as an introduction to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “Salvation belongs to Yahweh!” in [2:9](../02/09/jdrH). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
74 JON 2 2 s7fi קָ֠רָאתִי מִ⁠צָּ֥רָה לִ֛⁠י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה 1 I cried out to Yahweh from my distress ***I prayed to Yahweh during my great trouble*** or ***Yahweh, I cried out to you during my distress***
75 JON 2 2 wdr4 וַֽ⁠יַּעֲנֵ֑⁠נִי 1 he answered me ***Yahweh responded to me*** or ***he helped me*** or ***you answered me***
76 JON 2 2 w8wn figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל 1 from the belly of Sheol ***from the center of Sheol*** or ***from the deep part of Sheol***. Possible meanings include: 1) Jonah was speaking of being in the belly of the fish as being in Sheol; or 2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol; or 3) He was speaking as if he already had died and gone to Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ***from the center of Sheol*** or ***from the deep part of Sheol***. Possible meanings include: (1) Jonah was speaking of being in the belly of the fish as being in Sheol; or (2) Jonah believed that he was about to die and go to Sheol; or (3) He was speaking as if he already had died and gone to Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77 JON 2 2 ab77 translate-names שְׁא֛וֹל 1 Sheol ***Sheol*** was the name of the place where people went after they died. It was thought to be a shadowy world located somewhere under the ground. The New Testament equivalent seems to be “Hades,” where the dead wait for judgment (see Rev. 20:13). If your language has a word for this place, you may want to use it here, or borrow the word “Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78 JON 2 2 jdrD figs-idiom שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ קוֹלִֽ⁠י 1 you heard my voice This phrase probably has both a literal and a figurative meaning. The phrase probably means literally that Yahweh heard Jonah’s voice while he was praying inside the belly of the fish. However, the phrase “to hear someone’s voice” in the Old Testament often means “to listen and obey (comply).” In this context, Jonah is expressing that Yahweh both heard him and acted to save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
79 JON 2 3 glp2 בִּ⁠לְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים 1 into the heart of the seas Here the term **heart** is a metaphor for “being inside” something. The phrase “in the heart of” means to be “in the middle of” or “completely surrounded by” sea water. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89 JON 2 5 nr3v תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑⁠נִי 1 the deep was surrounding me ***deep water was all around me***
90 JON 2 5 p1fw ס֖וּף 1 seaweed ***seaweed*** is grass that grows in the sea
91 JON 2 6 z36i figs-metaphor הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥י⁠הָ בַעֲדִ֖⁠י לְ⁠עוֹלָ֑ם 1 the earth with its bars was around me forever Here Jonah uses a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. Alternate translation: “the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92 JON 2 6 dc3r figs-metaphor וַ⁠תַּ֧עַל מִ⁠שַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖⁠י 1 but you brought up my life from the pit Here the term **pit** has two possible meanings: 1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or 2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “But you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “But you saved my life from the place of the dead” Here the term **pit** has two possible meanings: (1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or (2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “But you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “But you saved my life from the place of the dead”
93 JON 2 6 i3mx יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י 1 Yahweh, my God! In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word **you**.
94 JON 2 7 jdr6 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בְּ⁠הִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַ⁠י֙ נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 When my spirit fainted upon me, This phrase could mean either: 1) Jonah was already in the process of dying when he remembered Yahweh; or 2) Jonah had given up hope of being rescued and resigned himself to the fact that he would die. Alternate translation: “When my life was fainting away from me” or “When my spirit inside me had fainted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) This phrase could mean either: (1) Jonah was already in the process of dying when he remembered Yahweh; or (2) Jonah had given up hope of being rescued and resigned himself to the fact that he would die. Alternate translation: “When my life was fainting away from me” or “When my spirit inside me had fainted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
95 JON 2 7 l2b6 אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי 1 I remembered Yahweh Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say “I thought about you, Yahweh” or “Yahweh, I thought about you.”
96 JON 2 7 ue9g figs-metaphor וַ⁠תָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ תְּפִלָּתִ֔⁠י אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 and my prayer came to you, to your holy temple Jonah speaks as if his prayers could travel to God and his temple. This means that God heard his prayer and responded to it. Alternate translation: “then you in your holy temple heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97 JON 2 7 jdrF figs-metonymy הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 your holy temple Here the term “holy temple” may have either a literal or a figurative meaning, or perhaps both. Jonah might be speaking about the literal temple in Jerusalem, or he might be speaking about God’s dwelling place in Heaven. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98 JON 2 8 jdrE נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 my spirit Here the Hebrew term **my spirit** could also mean ***my life***.
99 JON 2 8 u1l9 figs-idiom מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא 1 Those who give attention to empty vanities Here the term “empty vanities” is probably an idiom referring to idols of false gods. Alternate translation: “Those who give attention to useless idols” or “Those who pay attention to useless gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
100 JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenant faithfulness Here, **covenant faithfulness** could refer to 1) the faithfulness of God or 2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean 1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or 2) “are abandoning their commitment to you” Here, **covenant faithfulness** could refer to (1) the faithfulness of God or (2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean (1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or (2) “are abandoning their commitment to you”
101 JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “But I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
102 JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
103 JON 2 9 jdrH יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either 1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or 2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrC). This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrC).
104 JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **salvation** is expressed as the verb ***save***. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
105 JON 2 10 dz3j אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה 1 onto the dry land ***upon the ground*** or ***onto the shore***
106 JON 3 intro z3ut 0 # Jonah 03 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase ***three days’ journey*** is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, **So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it**. This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin. <br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
114 JON 3 3 dt1b writing-background וְ⁠נִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 Now Nineveh was a great city to Gpd, a journey of three days This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
115 JON 3 3 jd8r figs-idiom עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהִ֔ים 1 a great city to God This is an idiom meaning that the city is both extremely large and one of the largest cities in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
116 JON 3 3 ye82 figs-idiom מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 a journey of three days This appears to mean that a person had to walk for three days to completely go through it from one side of the city to the opposite side. It could also mean that it took three days to see the whole city. Alternate translation: “a city so large that it would take a person three days to walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
117 JON 3 4 r2al וַ⁠יָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא בָ⁠עִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַ⁠יִּקְרָא֙ 1 So Jonah began to go into the city a journey of one day, and he called out This phrase has two possible meanings: 1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or 2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out. This phrase has two possible meanings: (1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or (2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out.
118 JON 3 4 r94k וַ⁠יִּקְרָא֙ וַ⁠יֹּאמַ֔ר 1 and he called out and said ***and he proclaimed*** or ***and he shouted***
119 JON 3 4 ab78 ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם 1 Until 40 days ***After 40 days*** or ***In 40 days*** ***There remain 40 days, and***
120 JON 3 4 q2nc translate-numbers אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם 1 40 days ***forty days*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
157 JON 4 5 q1f7 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֤א יוֹנָה֙ מִן־הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 Then Jonah went out from the city ***Then Jonah left the city of Nineveh***
158 JON 4 5 af46 מַה־יִּהְיֶ֖ה בָּ⁠עִֽיר 1 what would transpire within the city Jonah wanted to see if God would destroy the city or not. Alternate translation: “what would become of the city” or “what God would do to the city”
159 JON 4 6 i4r4 מֵ⁠עַ֣ל לְ⁠יוֹנָ֗ה לִֽ⁠הְי֥וֹת צֵל֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 from over Jonah to be a shade over his head ***over Jonah’s head for shade***
160 JON 4 6 t21k לְ⁠הַצִּ֥יל ל֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠רָֽעָת֑⁠וֹ 1 to rescue him from his evil Here the term “evil” could mean two things (or both at the same time): 1) “discomfort” or “distress,” meaning the intense heat of the sun shining on Jonah’s head; or 2) “wrong,” meaning Jonah’s wrong attitude concerning God’s decision not to destroy Nineveh. If both meanings can be preserved, that is preferable. If not, you can choose an Alternate translation: “to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun” or “to save Jonah from his wrong attitude” Here the term “evil” could mean two things (or both at the same time): (1) “discomfort” or “distress,” meaning the intense heat of the sun shining on Jonah’s head; or (2) “wrong,” meaning Jonah’s wrong attitude concerning God’s decision not to destroy Nineveh. If both meanings can be preserved, that is preferable. If not, you can choose an Alternate translation: “to protect Jonah from the heat of the sun” or “to save Jonah from his wrong attitude”
161 JON 4 7 t7il וַ⁠יְמַ֤ן הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִים֙ תּוֹלַ֔עַת 1 Then God appointed a worm ***Then God sent a worm***
162 JON 4 7 rw7z וַ⁠תַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַ⁠קִּֽיקָי֖וֹן 1 and it attacked the plant ***and the worm chewed the plant***
163 JON 4 7 d16m וַ⁠יִּיבָֽשׁ 1 and it withered The plant became dry and died. Alternate translation: “so that the plant died”

22
en_tn_33-MIC.tsv
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ MIC 1 14 k4w1 0 Akzib You may want to add a footnote saying “The name of thi
MIC 1 15 xs9b 0 I will again bring Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
MIC 1 15 vu14 translate-names 0 Mareshah You may want to make a footnote saying, “The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘conqueror.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC 1 15 wh3u translate-names 0 Adullam This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC 1 16 i5ub translate-symaction 0 Shave your head and cut off your hair Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) “Shave larger spots than usual on your heads” or 2) “Cut off all your hair and shave your heads,” stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC 1 16 i5ub translate-symaction 0 Shave your head and cut off your hair Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are (1) “Shave larger spots than usual on your heads” or (2) “Cut off all your hair and shave your heads,” stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC 1 16 nb8x 0 eagles This word can also be translated “vultures.”
MIC 2 intro jy29 0 # Micah 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Context<br>Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah’s ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
MIC 2 1 c11k 0 General Information: Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God’s commands.
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ MIC 2 4 t7xt 0 sing a song about you “sing a song to make fun of you”
MIC 2 4 ymz1 figs-irony 0 lament with a wailing lamentation “they will cry loudly.” They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC 2 4 frk2 figs-irony 0 We Israelites…to traitors This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC 2 4 hz57 figs-rquestion 0 How can he remove it from me? The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “How wrong he is to take it from me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC 2 5 rnf9 0 Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals.
MIC 2 5 rnf9 0 Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or (2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals.
MIC 2 6 eli9 0 General Information: Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power.
MIC 2 6 a888 figs-you 0 Do not prophesy The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 2 6 iph5 0 they say “the people of Israel say”
@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ MIC 2 6 nl1s 0 They must not prophesy “The prophets must not prophesy”
MIC 2 6 dqe6 figs-metaphor 0 reproaches must not come Reproach is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “we will not allow you to reproach us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 2 7 d2pm figs-rquestion 0 Should it really be said…“Is the Spirit…his deeds?” Micah is scolding the Israelites by using this question. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you do not need to ask…‘Is the Spirit…his deeds?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 2 7 cd55 figs-metonymy 0 house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?” Possible meanings are 1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or 2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?” Possible meanings are (1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or (2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 2 7 dhy6 figs-rquestion 0 Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My message does good to those who walk uprightly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people This refers to either 1) Micah’s people or 2) Yahweh’s people.
MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people This refers to either (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people.
MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly Possible meanings are (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 2 9 h3sh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.
MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
MIC 2 9 sez8 0 my blessing Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh.
MIC 2 10 x485 figs-activepassive 0 it is destroyed with complete destruction This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 2 11 fn9u figs-you 0 comes to you…will prophesy to you Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ MIC 4 9 g6px figs-rquestion 0 Now, why do you shout so loudly? Micah is mocking
MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain…like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 4 10 rci7 figs-activepassive 0 There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you Yahweh says the same thing in both active and passive forms to emphasize that he will do what he has said he will do. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “There Yahweh will rescue you. There he will rescue you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 4 10 nv5c figs-metonymy 0 the hand of your enemies Possible meanings for the word “hand” are 1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: “the power of your enemies” or 2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC 4 10 nv5c figs-metonymy 0 the hand of your enemies Possible meanings for the word “hand” are (1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: “the power of your enemies” or (2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC 4 11 b5e1 0 General Information: Jerusalem will defeat her enemies.
MIC 4 11 xj2l figs-activepassive 0 Let her be defiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let us defile her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 4 11 l329 figs-synecdoche 0 let our eyes gloat over Zion The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “let us gloat over Zion” or “let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -221,12 +221,12 @@ MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you…rescued you…Miriam to you Yahweh speaks
MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun “bondage” can be translated as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember…you went…you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak…devised “the plans Balak…made to harm you
MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam…answered him Possible meanings are 1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam…did what Balak asked him to do” or 2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam…answered him Possible meanings are (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam…did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC 6 5 mpf3 translate-names 0 Beor This is the name of Balaam’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC 6 5 rmf6 0 Shittim This is the name of a place in Moab.
MIC 6 5 w4n8 figs-123person 0 so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. Alternate translation: “so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MIC 6 6 n2hi figs-rquestion 0 What should I bring to Yahweh…God? Should I come…old? Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh…God, or come…old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased…oil? Should I give…sin? Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that Yahweh will not be pleased…oil or if I give…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 6 n2hi figs-rquestion 0 What should I bring to Yahweh…God? Should I come…old? Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh…God, or come…old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased…oil? Should I give…sin? Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that Yahweh will not be pleased…oil or if I give…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams…ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you “Yahweh has told you”
MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act…God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act…God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act…God?”
@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ MIC 7 15 e3z5 0 As in the days…them wonders Yahweh speaks to the people.
MIC 7 16 mhq2 figs-metaphor 0 The nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations nearby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 16 mzy2 translate-symaction 0 They will put their hands on their mouths They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC 7 16 n9vh figs-idiom 0 their ears will be deaf This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC 7 17 e21s figs-hyperbole 0 They will lick the dust like a snake Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC 7 17 e21s figs-hyperbole 0 They will lick the dust like a snake Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people (1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or (2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC 7 17 zg31 figs-metaphor 0 their dens The people are spoken of as if they were animals, because animals live in “dens.” Alternate translation: “their homes” or “their hiding places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 18 g3i6 figs-rquestion 0 Who is a God like you—who takes…inheritance? Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that there is no God like you, who takes…inheritance.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 7 18 kr7v 0 the remnant of his inheritance “those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
53 MIC 1 15 xs9b 0 I will again bring Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
54 MIC 1 15 vu14 translate-names 0 Mareshah You may want to make a footnote saying, “The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘conqueror.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55 MIC 1 15 wh3u translate-names 0 Adullam This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
56 MIC 1 16 i5ub translate-symaction 0 Shave your head and cut off your hair Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) “Shave larger spots than usual on your heads” or 2) “Cut off all your hair and shave your heads,” stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are (1) “Shave larger spots than usual on your heads” or (2) “Cut off all your hair and shave your heads,” stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
57 MIC 1 16 nb8x 0 eagles This word can also be translated “vultures.”
58 MIC 2 intro jy29 0 # Micah 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Context<br>Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah’s ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
59 MIC 2 1 c11k 0 General Information: Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God’s commands.
66 MIC 2 4 ymz1 figs-irony 0 lament with a wailing lamentation “they will cry loudly.” They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
67 MIC 2 4 frk2 figs-irony 0 We Israelites…to traitors This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
68 MIC 2 4 hz57 figs-rquestion 0 How can he remove it from me? The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “How wrong he is to take it from me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
69 MIC 2 5 rnf9 0 Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. Possible meanings are (1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or (2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals.
70 MIC 2 6 eli9 0 General Information: Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power.
71 MIC 2 6 a888 figs-you 0 Do not prophesy The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
72 MIC 2 6 iph5 0 they say “the people of Israel say”
74 MIC 2 6 dqe6 figs-metaphor 0 reproaches must not come Reproach is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “we will not allow you to reproach us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75 MIC 2 7 d2pm figs-rquestion 0 Should it really be said…“Is the Spirit…his deeds?” Micah is scolding the Israelites by using this question. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you do not need to ask…‘Is the Spirit…his deeds?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
76 MIC 2 7 cd55 figs-metonymy 0 house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77 MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?” Possible meanings are 1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or 2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or (2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
78 MIC 2 7 dhy6 figs-rquestion 0 Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My message does good to those who walk uprightly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
79 MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people This refers to either 1) Micah’s people or 2) Yahweh’s people. This refers to either (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people.
80 MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81 MIC 2 9 h3sh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.
82 MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
83 MIC 2 9 sez8 0 my blessing Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh.
84 MIC 2 10 x485 figs-activepassive 0 it is destroyed with complete destruction This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
85 MIC 2 11 fn9u figs-you 0 comes to you…will prophesy to you Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
152 MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
153 MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain…like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
154 MIC 4 10 rci7 figs-activepassive 0 There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you Yahweh says the same thing in both active and passive forms to emphasize that he will do what he has said he will do. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “There Yahweh will rescue you. There he will rescue you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155 MIC 4 10 nv5c figs-metonymy 0 the hand of your enemies Possible meanings for the word “hand” are 1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: “the power of your enemies” or 2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings for the word “hand” are (1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: “the power of your enemies” or (2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
156 MIC 4 11 b5e1 0 General Information: Jerusalem will defeat her enemies.
157 MIC 4 11 xj2l figs-activepassive 0 Let her be defiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let us defile her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158 MIC 4 11 l329 figs-synecdoche 0 let our eyes gloat over Zion The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “let us gloat over Zion” or “let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
221 MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun “bondage” can be translated as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222 MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember…you went…you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
223 MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak…devised “the plans Balak…made to harm you
224 MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam…answered him Possible meanings are 1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam…did what Balak asked him to do” or 2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam…did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225 MIC 6 5 mpf3 translate-names 0 Beor This is the name of Balaam’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
226 MIC 6 5 rmf6 0 Shittim This is the name of a place in Moab.
227 MIC 6 5 w4n8 figs-123person 0 so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. Alternate translation: “so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
228 MIC 6 6 n2hi figs-rquestion 0 What should I bring to Yahweh…God? Should I come…old? Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh…God, or come…old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh…God, or come…old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
229 MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased…oil? Should I give…sin? Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that Yahweh will not be pleased…oil or if I give…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that Yahweh will not be pleased…oil or if I give…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
230 MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams…ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
231 MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you “Yahweh has told you”
232 MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act…God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act…God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act…God?”
300 MIC 7 16 mhq2 figs-metaphor 0 The nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations nearby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
301 MIC 7 16 mzy2 translate-symaction 0 They will put their hands on their mouths They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
302 MIC 7 16 n9vh figs-idiom 0 their ears will be deaf This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
303 MIC 7 17 e21s figs-hyperbole 0 They will lick the dust like a snake Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people (1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or (2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
304 MIC 7 17 zg31 figs-metaphor 0 their dens The people are spoken of as if they were animals, because animals live in “dens.” Alternate translation: “their homes” or “their hiding places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
305 MIC 7 18 g3i6 figs-rquestion 0 Who is a God like you—who takes…inheritance? Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that there is no God like you, who takes…inheritance.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
306 MIC 7 18 kr7v 0 the remnant of his inheritance “those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment”

24
en_tn_34-NAM.tsv
View File

@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ NAM 1 3 du22 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the stor
NAM 1 3 l5ed 0 the dust of his feet “the dust that his feet kick up”
NAM 1 4 lh7c 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
NAM 1 4 n6m5 figs-explicit 0 Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak The word translated as “weak” can also mean “wither” or “dry out.” Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, “Carmel” refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: “The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses Possible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions.
NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt Possible meanings are (1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or (2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses Possible meanings are (1) the mountains and hills collapse or (2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions.
NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NAM 1 6 f6ms 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ NAM 1 8 n11u figs-metonymy 0 he will pursue them into darkness Here the word
NAM 1 9 mz66 0 General Information: Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them.
NAM 1 9 c1lk figs-rquestion 0 What are you people plotting against Yahweh? This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NAM 1 9 v6h3 figs-idiom 0 He will make a full end to it The idiom “make a full end” refers to causing something to exist no longer. Alternate translation: “He will completely stop what you do” or “He will cause your plotting to fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time Possible meanings are 1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or 2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or 2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 10 ip7l figs-metaphor 0 they will be saturated in their own drink Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 1 10 tg7c figs-metaphor 0 devoured by fire Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: “burned up by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ NAM 2 1 v7ei figs-irony 0 Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves
NAM 2 1 cpd7 figs-explicit 0 Man the city walls Nineveh had a large, thick wall surrounding it. This refers to placing soldiers on the top of the wall in order to fight off attackers. This can be translated with a more general phrase if necessary. Alternate translation: “Man the fortifications” or “Prepare the defenses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 2 1 zt4z 0 guard the roads This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy’s approach.
NAM 2 1 l226 figs-idiom 0 make yourselves strong This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. Alternate translation: “prepare yourselves for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NAM 2 2 u4fb figs-metonymy 0 For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are 1) the word “Jacob” refers to the southern kingdom and the word “Israel” refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel” or 2) both “Jacob” and “Israel” refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NAM 2 2 u4fb figs-metonymy 0 For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are (1) the word “Jacob” refers to the southern kingdom and the word “Israel” refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel” or (2) both “Jacob” and “Israel” refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NAM 2 2 wmm6 0 the plunderers people who steal things by force, usually in war
NAM 2 2 i6w3 figs-metaphor 0 destroyed their vine branches Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel’s possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: “robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches” or 2) the words “vine branches” are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: “destroyed their fields of crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red Possible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or 2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red.
NAM 2 2 i6w3 figs-metaphor 0 destroyed their vine branches Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel’s possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: “robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches” or (2) the words “vine branches” are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: “destroyed their fields of crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red Possible meanings are (1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or (2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red.
NAM 2 3 tt35 0 his mighty men the soldiers of the one “who will dash” Nineveh “to pieces” ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)).
NAM 2 3 shs8 0 the chariots flash with their metal This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots.
NAM 2 3 i6a3 figs-activepassive 0 on the day that they are made ready This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ NAM 2 5 t834 0 The large shield This refers to a large cover that those who be
NAM 2 6 l4xl figs-activepassive 0 The gates at the rivers are forced open This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 6 bi3c 0 The gates at the rivers This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river.
NAM 2 7 v7es figs-activepassive 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two possible meanings are (1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or (2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 2 7 wzf8 0 her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make.
NAM 2 7 c3va 0 her female servants If the word “Huzzab” refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word “Huzzab” refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes.
NAM 2 7 ya8w translate-symaction 0 beating on their breasts Beating one’s breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ NAM 2 12 f91d figs-explicit 0 he strangled victims “he choked victims.” Thi
NAM 2 12 f3cw figs-parallelism 0 filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. Alternate translation: “filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NAM 2 13 hg33 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
NAM 2 13 mzs1 figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour your young lions Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “attackers will kill your people with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are 1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or 2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
NAM 3 1 kar1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -125,15 +125,15 @@ NAM 3 10 h7t9 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street The beginning of a st
NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 12 kbf7 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Possible meanings for the word “fortresses” are 1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Possible meanings for the word “fortresses” are (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shaken.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 12 k7ym figs-hyperbole 0 they fall into the mouth of the eater “the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.” This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: “a person can eat the fig immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NAM 3 13 le29 figs-metaphor 0 the people among you are women In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh’s warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: “your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies Possible meanings are 1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or 2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars Possible meanings are 1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or 2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies Possible meanings are (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars Possible meanings are (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 14 g9i1 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 14 w932 figs-irony 0 Go draw water for the siege…pick up the molds for the bricks Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
14 NAM 1 3 l5ed 0 the dust of his feet “the dust that his feet kick up”
15 NAM 1 4 lh7c 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
16 NAM 1 4 n6m5 figs-explicit 0 Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak The word translated as “weak” can also mean “wither” or “dry out.” Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, “Carmel” refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: “The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17 NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or (2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18 NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses Possible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions. Possible meanings are (1) the mountains and hills collapse or (2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions.
19 NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
20 NAM 1 6 f6ms 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
21 NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
30 NAM 1 9 mz66 0 General Information: Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them.
31 NAM 1 9 c1lk figs-rquestion 0 What are you people plotting against Yahweh? This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
32 NAM 1 9 v6h3 figs-idiom 0 He will make a full end to it The idiom “make a full end” refers to causing something to exist no longer. Alternate translation: “He will completely stop what you do” or “He will cause your plotting to fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33 NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time Possible meanings are 1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or 2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34 NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or 2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35 NAM 1 10 ip7l figs-metaphor 0 they will be saturated in their own drink Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36 NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
37 NAM 1 10 tg7c figs-metaphor 0 devoured by fire Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: “burned up by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54 NAM 2 1 cpd7 figs-explicit 0 Man the city walls Nineveh had a large, thick wall surrounding it. This refers to placing soldiers on the top of the wall in order to fight off attackers. This can be translated with a more general phrase if necessary. Alternate translation: “Man the fortifications” or “Prepare the defenses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
55 NAM 2 1 zt4z 0 guard the roads This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy’s approach.
56 NAM 2 1 l226 figs-idiom 0 make yourselves strong This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. Alternate translation: “prepare yourselves for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
57 NAM 2 2 u4fb figs-metonymy 0 For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are 1) the word “Jacob” refers to the southern kingdom and the word “Israel” refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel” or 2) both “Jacob” and “Israel” refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are (1) the word “Jacob” refers to the southern kingdom and the word “Israel” refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel” or (2) both “Jacob” and “Israel” refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
58 NAM 2 2 wmm6 0 the plunderers people who steal things by force, usually in war
59 NAM 2 2 i6w3 figs-metaphor 0 destroyed their vine branches Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel’s possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: “robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches” or 2) the words “vine branches” are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: “destroyed their fields of crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel’s possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: “robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches” or (2) the words “vine branches” are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: “destroyed their fields of crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
60 NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red Possible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or 2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red. Possible meanings are (1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or (2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red.
61 NAM 2 3 tt35 0 his mighty men the soldiers of the one “who will dash” Nineveh “to pieces” ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)).
62 NAM 2 3 shs8 0 the chariots flash with their metal This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots.
63 NAM 2 3 i6a3 figs-activepassive 0 on the day that they are made ready This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
73 NAM 2 6 l4xl figs-activepassive 0 The gates at the rivers are forced open This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74 NAM 2 6 bi3c 0 The gates at the rivers This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river.
75 NAM 2 7 v7es figs-activepassive 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76 NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two possible meanings are (1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or (2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
77 NAM 2 7 wzf8 0 her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make.
78 NAM 2 7 c3va 0 her female servants If the word “Huzzab” refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word “Huzzab” refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes.
79 NAM 2 7 ya8w translate-symaction 0 beating on their breasts Beating one’s breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
90 NAM 2 12 f3cw figs-parallelism 0 filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. Alternate translation: “filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
91 NAM 2 13 hg33 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
92 NAM 2 13 mzs1 figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour your young lions Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “attackers will kill your people with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93 NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are 1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or 2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94 NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95 NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
96 NAM 3 1 kar1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
125 NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
126 NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127 NAM 3 12 kbf7 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
128 NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Possible meanings for the word “fortresses” are 1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings for the word “fortresses” are (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
129 NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
130 NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
131 NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shaken.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
132 NAM 3 12 k7ym figs-hyperbole 0 they fall into the mouth of the eater “the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.” This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: “a person can eat the fig immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
133 NAM 3 13 le29 figs-metaphor 0 the people among you are women In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh’s warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: “your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134 NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
135 NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies Possible meanings are 1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or 2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136 NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars Possible meanings are 1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or 2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137 NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138 NAM 3 14 g9i1 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
139 NAM 3 14 w932 figs-irony 0 Go draw water for the siege…pick up the molds for the bricks Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

44
en_tn_35-HAB.tsv
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@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ HAB 1 5 xx8m figs-doublet 0 be amazed and astonished The words “amazed” and
HAB 1 5 j1ay figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to Habakkuk’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 1 6 hw6s 0 look! The word “look!” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous Possible meanings are 1) “violent” or 2) “hasty.”
HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous Possible meanings are (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.”
HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This can mean (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
HAB 1 7 rf3w figs-doublet 0 They are terrifying and fearsome The words “terrifying” and “fearsome” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. Alternate translation: “They cause others to be greatly terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HAB 1 7 rl2c figs-metaphor 0 their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves The word “splendor” represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. Alternate translation: “because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 1 8 de5l 0 Their horses…their horses the horses of the Chaldean soldiers
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ HAB 1 8 aan3 0 the evening wolves This refers to wolves that hunt their prey a
HAB 1 8 cmk6 0 their horsemen the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses
HAB 1 8 s39i figs-metaphor 0 they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 9 t84x figs-metaphor 0 their multitudes go like the desert wind Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand Possible meanings are 1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or 2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand Possible meanings are (1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or (2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 10 dsz7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers.
HAB 1 10 t1vb figs-parallelism 0 So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word “mockery” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock” or “So all they do is mock kings and rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HAB 1 11 m8uj figs-metaphor 0 the wind will rush on Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -52,16 +52,16 @@ HAB 1 17 y2y3 figs-explicit 0 Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will
HAB 1 17 re7y figs-synecdoche 0 Will he…keep emptying his net…will he continually slaughter In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun “he” and “his” refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: “Will they…keep emptying their net…will they continually slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HAB 1 17 rz38 figs-metaphor 0 keep emptying his net Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 intro qke1 0 # Habakkuk 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-20.<br><br>This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The righteous will live by his faith”<br>This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
HAB 2 1 m4n8 figs-parallelism 0 I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh’s response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 1 m4n8 figs-parallelism 0 I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh’s response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 1 s5ad 0 to see what he will say to me “to see what Yahweh will say to me”
HAB 2 1 lcz4 figs-idiom 0 how I should turn from my complaint Here the word “turn” refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 2 z55g 0 General Information: Yahweh answers Habakkuk.
HAB 2 2 p6bb figs-parallelism 0 Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: “Write this vision clearly on the tablets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HAB 2 2 f1dy 0 tablets These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing.
HAB 2 2 c1m9 figs-metaphor 0 so that the one reading them might run Possible meanings are 1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads” or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 2 c1m9 figs-metaphor 0 so that the one reading them might run Possible meanings are (1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 3 bh8y figs-metaphor 0 the vision…will finally speak Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “the vision…will finally happen” or “the vision…will finally come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 3 l26r figs-metaphor 0 Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry Possible meanings are 1) “will not be late” or 2) “will not come slowly”
HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry Possible meanings are (1) “will not be late” or (2) “will not come slowly”
HAB 2 4 w3ij figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 4 viq4 0 Look! The word “Look!” here adds emphasis to what follows.
HAB 2 4 f5n5 figs-metaphor 0 is puffed up Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were “puffed up.” Alternate translation: “is very prideful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ HAB 2 8 dmt3 0 plunder to rob or take things by force
HAB 2 8 eji9 figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 9 n7s9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 9 yq1w figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were “carving out” gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house Possible meanings are 1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or 2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house Possible meanings are (1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or (2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 9 m1uh figs-metaphor 0 so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 9 xw3t figs-metonymy 0 safe from the hand of evil Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power, and the word “evil” is a metonym for people who do evil things. Alternate translation: “safe from the power of evil” or “safe from people who will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 10 my1x figs-metaphor 0 You have devised shame for your house Here to “devise shame” means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. One possible meaning is that the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. Alternate translation: “By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built” Another possibility is that the word “house” is a metonym for “family.” Alternate translation: “By your plans, you have brought shame on your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ HAB 2 16 f71b 0 is coming around to you “will come to you as it did to other
HAB 2 16 nv8g figs-metaphor 0 disgrace will cover your glory The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: “disgrace will replace your glory” or “people will disgrace you instead of honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 17 jmf4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 17 j29e figs-metaphor 0 The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Possible meanings for the word “Lebanon” are 1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or 2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Possible meanings for the word “Lebanon” are (1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or (2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 17 e9sz figs-metaphor 0 the destruction of animals will terrify you The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 17 q3ze 0 For you have shed human blood…all who live in them See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md).
HAB 2 17 ag1e figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ HAB 2 19 uq17 figs-idiom 0 there is no breath at all within it The idiom “no
HAB 2 20 qts3 figs-metonymy 0 all the land Here the word “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “everyone in the land” or “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 3 intro i7n7 0 # Habakkuk 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-19.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br>Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br>
HAB 3 1 j4yf figs-explicit 0 The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 2 v94e 0 I have heard your report Possible meanings are 1) “I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past” or 2) “I have heard what you just said.”
HAB 3 2 v94e 0 I have heard your report Possible meanings are (1) “I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past” or (2) “I have heard what you just said.”
HAB 3 2 ne6e figs-metaphor 0 revive your work Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: “bring your work back to life” or “what you did before, do again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 2 ah3p figs-idiom 0 in the midst of these times This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: “in our own times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 3 2 epw6 0 make it known “make your work known” or “cause people to know your work”
@ -138,25 +138,25 @@ HAB 3 3 ac8u 0 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran Teman an
HAB 3 3 f9a6 0 His glory covered the heavens “His splendor covered the sky.” Here the word “glory” refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God’s presence.
HAB 3 3 ixb2 figs-metonymy 0 the earth was full of his praise Here the word “praise” is a metonym for God’s qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: “the earth was full of his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 3 4 d42l 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. Possible meanings are 1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or 2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun.
HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. Possible meanings are (1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or (2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun.
HAB 3 4 mnk6 figs-metaphor 0 two-pronged rays flash from his hand Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. Possible meanings are 1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or 2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it.
HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. Possible meanings are (1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or (2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it.
HAB 3 6 bh72 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position.
HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth Possible meanings are 1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or 2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth Possible meanings are (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains…everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time…hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done.
HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting Possible meanings are 1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or 2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting Possible meanings are (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 axq1 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling Possible meanings are 1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling Possible meanings are (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan This can be (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
HAB 3 8 a3lq figs-doublet 0 you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots The phrases “your horses” and “your victorious chariots” both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: “you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HAB 3 9 y59h 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 9 avl5 figs-explicit 0 You have brought out your bow without a cover This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: “You have prepared to shoot your bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers Possible meanings are 1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or 2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.”
HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers Possible meanings are (1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or (2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.”
HAB 3 10 k9nf figs-personification 0 The mountains saw you and twisted in pain The effects that Yahweh’s presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them Possible meanings are 1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or 2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains.
HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them Possible meanings are (1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or (2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains.
HAB 3 10 fhs9 figs-metaphor 0 the deep sea raised a shout The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: “the deep sea became loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 10 t3k6 figs-metaphor 0 It lifted up its waves The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. Alternate translation: “Waves began to form in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 11 n9kb 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
@ -168,19 +168,19 @@ HAB 3 12 vd76 0 indignation anger of a person who has suffered injustice
HAB 3 12 q7gg figs-metaphor 0 you have threshed the nations Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 13 wr8d 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it.
HAB 3 13 air3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You went out for the salvation of your people The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “You went out to save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one “the one whom you have anointed.” Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are 1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or 2) “the king you have chosen.”
HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck Possible meanings are 1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or 2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one “the one whom you have anointed.” Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are (1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or (2) “the king you have chosen.”
HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck Possible meanings are (1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or (2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 14 w31g 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or 2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or (2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 14 yv9w figs-simile 0 they came like a storm The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: “they came quickly like a storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 3 14 srm8 figs-abstractnouns 0 their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place The word “gloating” here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: “they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people” or “they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 15 n6rz figs-metaphor 0 heaped up the great waters Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. Alternate translation: “caused the great waters to surge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 16 b9nf 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 16 m7xf figs-explicit 0 I heard You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) “I heard everything in that vision” or 2) “I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 16 m7xf figs-explicit 0 I heard You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are (1) “I heard everything in that vision” or (2) “I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 16 y78y figs-explicit 0 my inner parts trembled The word translated here as “inner parts” is literally “belly.” If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate translation: “my heart beat rapidly” or “my stomach turned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 16 ull6 0 My lips quivered at the sound Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear.
HAB 3 16 tz73 figs-idiom 0 Decay comes into my bones Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. Alternate translation: “My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 16 y61b figs-idiom 0 under myself I tremble The words “under myself” refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) “my legs tremble” or 2) “I tremble where I stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 3 16 y61b figs-idiom 0 under myself I tremble The words “under myself” refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are (1) “my legs tremble” or (2) “I tremble where I stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 3 17 t3s6 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 17 e3u3 0 though the produce of the olive tree disappoints “though the produce of the olive tree fails” or “though the olive tree fails to produce olives”
HAB 3 17 wcs3 figs-metaphor 0 though the flock is cut off from the fold The word “flock” may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word “fold” refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “though all the flock dies and the folds are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
15 HAB 1 5 j1ay figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to Habakkuk’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16 HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17 HAB 1 6 hw6s 0 look! The word “look!” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
18 HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous Possible meanings are 1) “violent” or 2) “hasty.” Possible meanings are (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.”
19 HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) This can mean (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
20 HAB 1 7 rf3w figs-doublet 0 They are terrifying and fearsome The words “terrifying” and “fearsome” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. Alternate translation: “They cause others to be greatly terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21 HAB 1 7 rl2c figs-metaphor 0 their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves The word “splendor” represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. Alternate translation: “because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22 HAB 1 8 de5l 0 Their horses…their horses the horses of the Chaldean soldiers
25 HAB 1 8 cmk6 0 their horsemen the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses
26 HAB 1 8 s39i figs-metaphor 0 they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27 HAB 1 9 t84x figs-metaphor 0 their multitudes go like the desert wind Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28 HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand Possible meanings are 1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or 2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Possible meanings are (1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or (2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
29 HAB 1 10 dsz7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers.
30 HAB 1 10 t1vb figs-parallelism 0 So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word “mockery” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock” or “So all they do is mock kings and rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31 HAB 1 11 m8uj figs-metaphor 0 the wind will rush on Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52 HAB 1 17 re7y figs-synecdoche 0 Will he…keep emptying his net…will he continually slaughter In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun “he” and “his” refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: “Will they…keep emptying their net…will they continually slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
53 HAB 1 17 rz38 figs-metaphor 0 keep emptying his net Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54 HAB 2 intro qke1 0 # Habakkuk 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-20.<br><br>This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The righteous will live by his faith”<br>This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
55 HAB 2 1 m4n8 figs-parallelism 0 I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh’s response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh’s response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56 HAB 2 1 s5ad 0 to see what he will say to me “to see what Yahweh will say to me”
57 HAB 2 1 lcz4 figs-idiom 0 how I should turn from my complaint Here the word “turn” refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
58 HAB 2 2 z55g 0 General Information: Yahweh answers Habakkuk.
59 HAB 2 2 p6bb figs-parallelism 0 Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: “Write this vision clearly on the tablets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
60 HAB 2 2 f1dy 0 tablets These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing.
61 HAB 2 2 c1m9 figs-metaphor 0 so that the one reading them might run Possible meanings are 1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads” or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62 HAB 2 3 bh8y figs-metaphor 0 the vision…will finally speak Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “the vision…will finally happen” or “the vision…will finally come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
63 HAB 2 3 l26r figs-metaphor 0 Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
64 HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry Possible meanings are 1) “will not be late” or 2) “will not come slowly” Possible meanings are (1) “will not be late” or (2) “will not come slowly”
65 HAB 2 4 w3ij figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66 HAB 2 4 viq4 0 Look! The word “Look!” here adds emphasis to what follows.
67 HAB 2 4 f5n5 figs-metaphor 0 is puffed up Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were “puffed up.” Alternate translation: “is very prideful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82 HAB 2 8 eji9 figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
83 HAB 2 9 n7s9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84 HAB 2 9 yq1w figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were “carving out” gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85 HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house Possible meanings are 1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or 2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or (2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
86 HAB 2 9 m1uh figs-metaphor 0 so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87 HAB 2 9 xw3t figs-metonymy 0 safe from the hand of evil Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power, and the word “evil” is a metonym for people who do evil things. Alternate translation: “safe from the power of evil” or “safe from people who will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
88 HAB 2 10 my1x figs-metaphor 0 You have devised shame for your house Here to “devise shame” means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. One possible meaning is that the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. Alternate translation: “By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built” Another possibility is that the word “house” is a metonym for “family.” Alternate translation: “By your plans, you have brought shame on your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112 HAB 2 16 nv8g figs-metaphor 0 disgrace will cover your glory The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: “disgrace will replace your glory” or “people will disgrace you instead of honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113 HAB 2 17 jmf4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
114 HAB 2 17 j29e figs-metaphor 0 The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
115 HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Possible meanings for the word “Lebanon” are 1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or 2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings for the word “Lebanon” are (1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or (2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116 HAB 2 17 e9sz figs-metaphor 0 the destruction of animals will terrify you The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
117 HAB 2 17 q3ze 0 For you have shed human blood…all who live in them See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md).
118 HAB 2 17 ag1e figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
129 HAB 2 20 qts3 figs-metonymy 0 all the land Here the word “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “everyone in the land” or “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130 HAB 3 intro i7n7 0 # Habakkuk 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-19.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br>Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br>
131 HAB 3 1 j4yf figs-explicit 0 The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
132 HAB 3 2 v94e 0 I have heard your report Possible meanings are 1) “I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past” or 2) “I have heard what you just said.” Possible meanings are (1) “I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past” or (2) “I have heard what you just said.”
133 HAB 3 2 ne6e figs-metaphor 0 revive your work Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: “bring your work back to life” or “what you did before, do again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134 HAB 3 2 ah3p figs-idiom 0 in the midst of these times This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: “in our own times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
135 HAB 3 2 epw6 0 make it known “make your work known” or “cause people to know your work”
138 HAB 3 3 f9a6 0 His glory covered the heavens “His splendor covered the sky.” Here the word “glory” refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God’s presence.
139 HAB 3 3 ixb2 figs-metonymy 0 the earth was full of his praise Here the word “praise” is a metonym for God’s qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: “the earth was full of his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
140 HAB 3 4 d42l 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
141 HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. Possible meanings are 1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or 2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun. Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. Possible meanings are (1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or (2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun.
142 HAB 3 4 mnk6 figs-metaphor 0 two-pronged rays flash from his hand Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143 HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. Possible meanings are 1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or 2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it. The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. Possible meanings are (1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or (2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it.
144 HAB 3 6 bh72 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
145 HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position.
146 HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth Possible meanings are 1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or 2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors. Possible meanings are (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
147 HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains…everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time…hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done.
148 HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149 HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
150 HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting Possible meanings are 1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or 2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151 HAB 3 7 axq1 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
152 HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling Possible meanings are 1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153 HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) This can be (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
154 HAB 3 8 a3lq figs-doublet 0 you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots The phrases “your horses” and “your victorious chariots” both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: “you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
155 HAB 3 9 y59h 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
156 HAB 3 9 avl5 figs-explicit 0 You have brought out your bow without a cover This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: “You have prepared to shoot your bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
157 HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers Possible meanings are 1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or 2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.” Possible meanings are (1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or (2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.”
158 HAB 3 10 k9nf figs-personification 0 The mountains saw you and twisted in pain The effects that Yahweh’s presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
159 HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them Possible meanings are 1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or 2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains. Possible meanings are (1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or (2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains.
160 HAB 3 10 fhs9 figs-metaphor 0 the deep sea raised a shout The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: “the deep sea became loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
161 HAB 3 10 t3k6 figs-metaphor 0 It lifted up its waves The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. Alternate translation: “Waves began to form in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
162 HAB 3 11 n9kb 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
168 HAB 3 12 q7gg figs-metaphor 0 you have threshed the nations Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169 HAB 3 13 wr8d 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it.
170 HAB 3 13 air3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You went out for the salvation of your people The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “You went out to save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
171 HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one “the one whom you have anointed.” Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are 1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or 2) “the king you have chosen.” “the one whom you have anointed.” Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are (1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or (2) “the king you have chosen.”
172 HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck Possible meanings are 1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or 2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or (2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173 HAB 3 14 w31g 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
174 HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or 2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or (2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175 HAB 3 14 yv9w figs-simile 0 they came like a storm The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: “they came quickly like a storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
176 HAB 3 14 srm8 figs-abstractnouns 0 their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place The word “gloating” here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: “they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people” or “they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177 HAB 3 15 n6rz figs-metaphor 0 heaped up the great waters Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. Alternate translation: “caused the great waters to surge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
178 HAB 3 16 b9nf 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh.
179 HAB 3 16 m7xf figs-explicit 0 I heard You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) “I heard everything in that vision” or 2) “I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are (1) “I heard everything in that vision” or (2) “I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
180 HAB 3 16 y78y figs-explicit 0 my inner parts trembled The word translated here as “inner parts” is literally “belly.” If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate translation: “my heart beat rapidly” or “my stomach turned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
181 HAB 3 16 ull6 0 My lips quivered at the sound Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear.
182 HAB 3 16 tz73 figs-idiom 0 Decay comes into my bones Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. Alternate translation: “My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
183 HAB 3 16 y61b figs-idiom 0 under myself I tremble The words “under myself” refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) “my legs tremble” or 2) “I tremble where I stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) The words “under myself” refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are (1) “my legs tremble” or (2) “I tremble where I stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
184 HAB 3 17 t3s6 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh.
185 HAB 3 17 e3u3 0 though the produce of the olive tree disappoints “though the produce of the olive tree fails” or “though the olive tree fails to produce olives”
186 HAB 3 17 wcs3 figs-metaphor 0 though the flock is cut off from the fold The word “flock” may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word “fold” refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “though all the flock dies and the folds are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ZEP 1 2 atu6 0 destroy everything from off the surface of the earth “destroy
ZEP 1 2 fg27 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEP 1 3 aqr7 0 I will cut off man from the surface of the earth “I will kill all people.” This is a hyperbole, as in [Zephaniah 1:2] (./02.md).
ZEP 1 3 zd2p 0 man and beast “people and animals”
ZEP 1 3 kw4a 0 the ruins Possible meanings are 1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or 2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed.
ZEP 1 3 kw4a 0 the ruins Possible meanings are (1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or (2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed.
ZEP 1 3 xxd9 figs-metaphor 0 cut off Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 1 4 zb97 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah.
ZEP 1 4 q6dj figs-idiom 0 I will reach out with my hand over Judah This is an idiom that means God will punish. Alternate translation: “I will punish Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ZEP 1 4 gdu9 figs-metaphor 0 cut off Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutt
ZEP 1 4 h6cv figs-idiom 0 cut off…the names of the idolatrous people among the priests Here “cut off…the names” is an idiom that means to cause people to forget them. Alternate translation: “cause everyone…to forget the priests who are idolatrous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEP 1 5 u98g figs-ellipsis 0 the people who on the housetops…the people who worship and swear The verb “cut off” ([Zechariah 1:4] (./04.md)) applies to these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: “I will cut off the people who on the housetops…I will cut off the people who worship and swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ZEP 1 5 w2r8 0 by their king See the footnote about the possible rendering of this as “by Milcom.”
ZEP 1 6 ql66 figs-metaphor 0 neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 1 6 ql66 figs-metaphor 0 neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 1 7 ztx9 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah.
ZEP 1 7 etv8 figs-idiom 0 Be silent This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. Alternate translation: “Be shocked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEP 1 7 xb5b figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and set apart his guests The people of Judah are spoken of as Yahweh’s sacrifice, and the enemy nations are spoken of as his guests who would eat the sacrifice. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ZEP 1 8 z1ix figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is
ZEP 1 8 w2xl 0 It will come about This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh’s judgment of Judah will begin.
ZEP 1 8 igq2 figs-explicit 0 everyone dressed in foreign clothes This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. Alternate translation: “everyone who worships foreign gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEP 1 9 gma8 0 On that day “On the day of Yahweh”
ZEP 1 9 fr1s 0 all those who leap over the threshold Possible meanings are 1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or 2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or 3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne.
ZEP 1 9 fr1s 0 all those who leap over the threshold Possible meanings are (1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or (2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or (3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne.
ZEP 1 9 u614 0 fill their master’s house with violence and deceit The abstract nouns “violence” and “deceit” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods”
ZEP 1 10 n2di figs-123person 0 General Information: Zephaniah 1:2-18 refers to Yahweh’s judgment. Zephaniah 1:4-16 describes Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah. In Zephaniah 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEP 1 10 mm2c 0 Fish Gate The Fish Gate was one of the gates in the Jerusalem city wall.
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ZEP 1 13 nu8u 0 an abandoned devastation “destroyed and abandoned”
ZEP 1 14 r2si 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah.
ZEP 1 14 a6kw figs-doublet 0 near, near and hurrying quickly The repetition of the word “near,” along with the phrase “hurrying quickly,” emphasize that the day when Yahweh judges the people will soon happen. Alternate translation: “close and will be here soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEP 1 14 ky2m 0 the day of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:7](../01/07.md).
ZEP 1 14 nu8q 0 a warrior crying bitterly Possible meanings are 1) a soldier crying in despair or 2) a soldier’s battle cry.
ZEP 1 14 nu8q 0 a warrior crying bitterly Possible meanings are (1) a soldier crying in despair or (2) a soldier’s battle cry.
ZEP 1 15 xb57 0 That day…a day These phrases refer back to the “day of Yahweh” in [Zephaniah 1:14](../01/14.md).
ZEP 1 15 lw4t figs-doublet 0 a day of distress and anguish The words “distress” and “anguish” mean about the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the people’s distress. Alternate translation: “a day when people feel terrible distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEP 1 15 ud2q figs-doublet 0 a day of storm and devastation Here the word “storm” refers to divine judgment. The word “devastation” describes the effects of that judgment. Alternate translation: “a day of devastating storms” or “a day of devastating judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ ZEP 2 2 j7xn 0 that day This phrase relates to the “day of Yahweh.” Transl
ZEP 2 2 m9s2 figs-simile 0 that day passes like the chaff The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant that the wind blows away. In a similar way, the day of judgment will pass quickly. Alternate translation: “that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 2 2 xg13 figs-parallelism 0 before the fierce anger of Yahweh’s wrath comes upon you, before the day of the wrath of Yahweh comes upon you The prophet repeats the same phrase almost exactly in order to emphasize how terrible Yahweh’s judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ZEP 2 2 c8mp figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s wrath This stands for God’s intent to punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 2 3 rg17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Seek righteousness. Seek humility The abstract nouns “righteousness” and “humility” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Try to do what is right and to be humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 2 3 s75g figs-activepassive 0 you will be protected in the day of Yahweh’s wrath This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 2 4 r1bq 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
ZEP 2 4 dth6 0 Gaza…Ashkelon…Ashdod…Ekron These were the four major Philistine cities of that day.
ZEP 2 4 f893 figs-parallelism 0 will be abandoned…will turn into a devastation These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ZEP 2 4 mi6f 0 They will drive out Ashdod at noon Here “They” refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for “at noon” are 1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or 2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware.
ZEP 2 4 mi6f 0 They will drive out Ashdod at noon Here “They” refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for “at noon” are (1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or (2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware.
ZEP 2 4 sb41 figs-metaphor 0 they will uproot Ekron The defeat of Ekron is spoken of as if it was a tree that was pulled from the ground and thrown away. Alternate translation: “they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 2 5 p4be 0 the inhabitants of the seacoast, the nation of the Kerethites The first phrase explains where the Kerethites lived.
ZEP 2 5 pq8v 0 Canaan, land of the Philistines The Philistines were one of several people groups who lived in Canaan.
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ ZEP 3 16 pc5c figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your hands falter To feel weak or help
ZEP 3 17 w8tr 0 General Information: In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice.
ZEP 3 17 g95f figs-metaphor 0 a mighty one to save you “he is mighty and will save you.” Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. Alternate translation: “he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 3 17 gk13 figs-parallelism 0 He will celebrate over you with joy…he will be glad over you with a shout for joy These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize Yahweh’s joy that the remnant is restored to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ZEP 3 17 h9ek 0 he will be silent over you in his love Possible meanings are 1) “he will quiet you by his love for you” or 2) “he will renew you because he loves you.”
ZEP 3 17 h9ek 0 he will be silent over you in his love Possible meanings are (1) “he will quiet you by his love for you” or (2) “he will renew you because he loves you.”
ZEP 3 18 i4ff figs-metaphor 0 no longer bear any shame for it Here shame is spoken of as if it was a heavy thing that a person had to carry. Alternate translation: “no longer be ashamed because of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEP 3 19 ih9r 0 General Information: In verses 3:19-20, Yahweh speaks directly to the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment and tells them that they should rejoice.
ZEP 3 19 f6zj 0 Behold This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
10 ZEP 1 2 fg27 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
11 ZEP 1 3 aqr7 0 I will cut off man from the surface of the earth “I will kill all people.” This is a hyperbole, as in [Zephaniah 1:2] (./02.md).
12 ZEP 1 3 zd2p 0 man and beast “people and animals”
13 ZEP 1 3 kw4a 0 the ruins Possible meanings are 1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or 2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed. Possible meanings are (1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or (2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed.
14 ZEP 1 3 xxd9 figs-metaphor 0 cut off Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15 ZEP 1 4 zb97 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah.
16 ZEP 1 4 q6dj figs-idiom 0 I will reach out with my hand over Judah This is an idiom that means God will punish. Alternate translation: “I will punish Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19 ZEP 1 4 h6cv figs-idiom 0 cut off…the names of the idolatrous people among the priests Here “cut off…the names” is an idiom that means to cause people to forget them. Alternate translation: “cause everyone…to forget the priests who are idolatrous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20 ZEP 1 5 u98g figs-ellipsis 0 the people who on the housetops…the people who worship and swear The verb “cut off” ([Zechariah 1:4] (./04.md)) applies to these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: “I will cut off the people who on the housetops…I will cut off the people who worship and swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
21 ZEP 1 5 w2r8 0 by their king See the footnote about the possible rendering of this as “by Milcom.”
22 ZEP 1 6 ql66 figs-metaphor 0 neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23 ZEP 1 7 ztx9 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah.
24 ZEP 1 7 etv8 figs-idiom 0 Be silent This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. Alternate translation: “Be shocked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
25 ZEP 1 7 xb5b figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and set apart his guests The people of Judah are spoken of as Yahweh’s sacrifice, and the enemy nations are spoken of as his guests who would eat the sacrifice. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
28 ZEP 1 8 w2xl 0 It will come about This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh’s judgment of Judah will begin.
29 ZEP 1 8 igq2 figs-explicit 0 everyone dressed in foreign clothes This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. Alternate translation: “everyone who worships foreign gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30 ZEP 1 9 gma8 0 On that day “On the day of Yahweh”
31 ZEP 1 9 fr1s 0 all those who leap over the threshold Possible meanings are 1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or 2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or 3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. Possible meanings are (1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or (2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or (3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne.
32 ZEP 1 9 u614 0 fill their master’s house with violence and deceit The abstract nouns “violence” and “deceit” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods”
33 ZEP 1 10 n2di figs-123person 0 General Information: Zephaniah 1:2-18 refers to Yahweh’s judgment. Zephaniah 1:4-16 describes Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah. In Zephaniah 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
34 ZEP 1 10 mm2c 0 Fish Gate The Fish Gate was one of the gates in the Jerusalem city wall.
49 ZEP 1 14 r2si 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah.
50 ZEP 1 14 a6kw figs-doublet 0 near, near and hurrying quickly The repetition of the word “near,” along with the phrase “hurrying quickly,” emphasize that the day when Yahweh judges the people will soon happen. Alternate translation: “close and will be here soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
51 ZEP 1 14 ky2m 0 the day of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:7](../01/07.md).
52 ZEP 1 14 nu8q 0 a warrior crying bitterly Possible meanings are 1) a soldier crying in despair or 2) a soldier’s battle cry. Possible meanings are (1) a soldier crying in despair or (2) a soldier’s battle cry.
53 ZEP 1 15 xb57 0 That day…a day These phrases refer back to the “day of Yahweh” in [Zephaniah 1:14](../01/14.md).
54 ZEP 1 15 lw4t figs-doublet 0 a day of distress and anguish The words “distress” and “anguish” mean about the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the people’s distress. Alternate translation: “a day when people feel terrible distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
55 ZEP 1 15 ud2q figs-doublet 0 a day of storm and devastation Here the word “storm” refers to divine judgment. The word “devastation” describes the effects of that judgment. Alternate translation: “a day of devastating storms” or “a day of devastating judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71 ZEP 2 2 m9s2 figs-simile 0 that day passes like the chaff The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant that the wind blows away. In a similar way, the day of judgment will pass quickly. Alternate translation: “that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
72 ZEP 2 2 xg13 figs-parallelism 0 before the fierce anger of Yahweh’s wrath comes upon you, before the day of the wrath of Yahweh comes upon you The prophet repeats the same phrase almost exactly in order to emphasize how terrible Yahweh’s judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
73 ZEP 2 2 c8mp figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s wrath This stands for God’s intent to punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74 ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 ZEP 2 3 rg17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Seek righteousness. Seek humility The abstract nouns “righteousness” and “humility” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Try to do what is right and to be humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
76 ZEP 2 3 s75g figs-activepassive 0 you will be protected in the day of Yahweh’s wrath This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
77 ZEP 2 4 r1bq 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
78 ZEP 2 4 dth6 0 Gaza…Ashkelon…Ashdod…Ekron These were the four major Philistine cities of that day.
79 ZEP 2 4 f893 figs-parallelism 0 will be abandoned…will turn into a devastation These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
80 ZEP 2 4 mi6f 0 They will drive out Ashdod at noon Here “They” refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for “at noon” are 1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or 2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. Here “They” refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for “at noon” are (1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or (2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware.
81 ZEP 2 4 sb41 figs-metaphor 0 they will uproot Ekron The defeat of Ekron is spoken of as if it was a tree that was pulled from the ground and thrown away. Alternate translation: “they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82 ZEP 2 5 p4be 0 the inhabitants of the seacoast, the nation of the Kerethites The first phrase explains where the Kerethites lived.
83 ZEP 2 5 pq8v 0 Canaan, land of the Philistines The Philistines were one of several people groups who lived in Canaan.
171 ZEP 3 17 w8tr 0 General Information: In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice.
172 ZEP 3 17 g95f figs-metaphor 0 a mighty one to save you “he is mighty and will save you.” Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. Alternate translation: “he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173 ZEP 3 17 gk13 figs-parallelism 0 He will celebrate over you with joy…he will be glad over you with a shout for joy These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize Yahweh’s joy that the remnant is restored to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
174 ZEP 3 17 h9ek 0 he will be silent over you in his love Possible meanings are 1) “he will quiet you by his love for you” or 2) “he will renew you because he loves you.” Possible meanings are (1) “he will quiet you by his love for you” or (2) “he will renew you because he loves you.”
175 ZEP 3 18 i4ff figs-metaphor 0 no longer bear any shame for it Here shame is spoken of as if it was a heavy thing that a person had to carry. Alternate translation: “no longer be ashamed because of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176 ZEP 3 19 ih9r 0 General Information: In verses 3:19-20, Yahweh speaks directly to the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment and tells them that they should rejoice.
177 ZEP 3 19 f6zj 0 Behold This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention”

4
en_tn_37-HAG.tsv
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ HAG 1 11 v7pk figs-metonymy 0 upon the new wine, upon the oil “Wine” and
HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands The abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel…Shealtiel…Joshua…Jehozadak…Haggai See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh…the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 13 dtj5 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
HAG 1 14 n1e7 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 14 iax3 0 remnant people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ HAG 2 4 x8wv figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh
HAG 2 6 e2qq figs-metaphor 0 I will…shake the heavens…the earth…the sea…the dry land The words “I will shake the earth” could be translated as “I will cause an earthquake,” and that earthquake would shake “the sea” as well as “the dry land,” a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
HAG 2 6 l2sj 0 shake Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them.
HAG 2 7 hre1 figs-metaphor 0 I will shake every nation The metaphor that begins with the words “I will…shake the heavens” in verse 6 ends here. Yahweh speaks of every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
HAG 2 7 u8qx figs-metaphor 0 I will fill this house with glory Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are 1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or 2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAG 2 7 u8qx figs-metaphor 0 I will fill this house with glory Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are (1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or (2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAG 2 8 f56d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HAG 2 10 wc9p translate-hebrewmonths 0 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
HAG 2 10 if92 translate-ordinal 0 in the second year of Darius “in the second year of the reign of Darius” or “when Darius had been king for more than one year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
24 HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands The abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25 HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel…Shealtiel…Joshua…Jehozadak…Haggai See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
26 HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh…the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27 HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28 HAG 1 13 dtj5 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
29 HAG 1 14 n1e7 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30 HAG 1 14 iax3 0 remnant people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem
45 HAG 2 6 e2qq figs-metaphor 0 I will…shake the heavens…the earth…the sea…the dry land The words “I will shake the earth” could be translated as “I will cause an earthquake,” and that earthquake would shake “the sea” as well as “the dry land,” a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
46 HAG 2 6 l2sj 0 shake Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them.
47 HAG 2 7 hre1 figs-metaphor 0 I will shake every nation The metaphor that begins with the words “I will…shake the heavens” in verse 6 ends here. Yahweh speaks of every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
48 HAG 2 7 u8qx figs-metaphor 0 I will fill this house with glory Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are 1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or 2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are (1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or (2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49 HAG 2 8 f56d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
50 HAG 2 10 wc9p translate-hebrewmonths 0 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
51 HAG 2 10 if92 translate-ordinal 0 in the second year of Darius “in the second year of the reign of Darius” or “when Darius had been king for more than one year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

44
en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv
View File

@ -23,19 +23,19 @@ ZEC 1 8 rsm4 0 look The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprise
ZEC 1 8 fg97 translate-unknown 0 myrtle trees a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ZEC 1 9 rb9l 0 I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
ZEC 1 9 l5k2 0 What are these things, Lord? “What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
ZEC 1 10 uiv2 figs-idiom 0 the man who stood among the myrtle trees These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 10 m3qf figs-explicit 0 These are those The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 1 10 uiv2 figs-idiom 0 the man who stood among the myrtle trees These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 10 m3qf figs-explicit 0 These are those The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 1 10 paz1 figs-explicit 0 to roam throughout the earth It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 1 11 p8ce figs-idiom 0 the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 11 vum3 figs-explicit 0 They answered…they said The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 1 11 z1nt figs-metaphor 0 all the earth sits still and is at rest There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are 1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or 2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 11 p8ce figs-idiom 0 the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 11 vum3 figs-explicit 0 They answered…they said The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 1 11 z1nt figs-metaphor 0 all the earth sits still and is at rest There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 12 hd8w figs-metonymy 0 to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 1 13 ea77 0 with good words, words of comfort “with good, comforting words”
ZEC 1 14 z627 0 I have been jealous for Jerusalem Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahweh’s strong desire to protect his people.
ZEC 1 15 z4b6 figs-idiom 0 I am very angry with the nations that are at ease The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 15 vt8i 0 I was only a little angry with them “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
ZEC 1 15 ml6d figs-explicit 0 they made the disaster worse “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies Possible meanings are 1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or 2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies Possible meanings are (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 17 xwc5 0 Again call out, saying The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ZEC 2 8 qki8 0 General Information: Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Ya
ZEC 2 8 uv6h figs-explicit 0 for whoever touches you The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 2 9 w4b5 translate-symaction 0 I myself will shake my hand over them Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ZEC 2 9 q7li 0 they will be plunder for their slaves The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
ZEC 2 10 n5lp figs-metaphor 0 Sing for joy, daughter of Zion “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or 2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 2 10 n5lp figs-metaphor 0 Sing for joy, daughter of Zion “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 2 10 ph8u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 2 11 h8g4 figs-metaphor 0 great nations will join themselves to Yahweh Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 2 11 glg2 0 in that day “at that time”
@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ ZEC 4 3 n5h3 figs-ellipsis 0 the left side The ellipsis in this phrase may be s
ZEC 4 5 d96u figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these things mean? The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 4 6 gn9k 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
ZEC 4 6 y1pw figs-explicit 0 Not by might nor by power Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 6 wt9s figs-doublet 0 Not by might nor by power Possible meanings are 1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or 2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 4 6 wt9s figs-doublet 0 Not by might nor by power Possible meanings are (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 4 7 abe2 figs-metaphor 0 What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 4 7 k6l1 figs-explicit 0 he will bring out the top stone The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 7 cbj6 figs-explicit 0 to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ Possible meanings are 1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or 2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 7 cbj6 figs-explicit 0 to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ Possible meanings are (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 8 j4n7 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
ZEC 4 8 lpf1 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 4 9 z7ve figs-synecdoche 0 The hands of Zerubbabel have laid…his hands will bring it to completion Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid…he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ ZEC 6 6 v88q 0 the white horses are going out to the west country Some modern
ZEC 6 6 g5r6 figs-metonymy 0 the white horses are…the spotted gray horses are Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is…the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 6 8 ny4a 0 he called out to me “the angel called out to me”
ZEC 6 8 n3x1 0 Look at the ones “Look at the black horses”
ZEC 6 8 c7ix figs-metonymy 0 they will appease my spirit concerning the north country The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” Possible meanings are 1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or 2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 6 8 c7ix figs-metonymy 0 they will appease my spirit concerning the north country The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 6 9 jej6 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 6 10 fez9 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 6 10 m87p 0 this same day “today”
@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ ZEC 6 11 x4hk 0 take the silver and gold, make a crown “make a crown with th
ZEC 6 12 wn66 0 Speak to him and say “Speak to Joshua and say”
ZEC 6 12 ihw2 figs-metaphor 0 his name is Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 6 12 w53q figs-metaphor 0 He will grow up where he is The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne Possible meanings are 1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or 2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are 1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or 2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 6 14 xn98 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah…Hen These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 6 14 f3px 0 for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ ZEC 7 5 v5v5 figs-ellipsis 0 in the fifth The word “month” can be supplied
ZEC 7 5 tfh8 figs-explicit 0 in the seventh month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 7 5 d7zd figs-explicit 0 for these seventy years The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ZEC 7 5 n3dw figs-rquestion 0 were you truly fasting for me? This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 7 6 p43p 0 When you ate and drank Possible meanings are 1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or 2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
ZEC 7 6 p43p 0 When you ate and drank Possible meanings are (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
ZEC 7 6 ax5v figs-rquestion 0 did you not eat and drink for yourselves? This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 7 7 qy27 figs-rquestion 0 Were these not the same words…to the west? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words…to the west.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 7 7 dqw4 figs-metonymy 0 by the mouth of the former prophets Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ ZEC 8 6 d5cx 0 the remnant of this people “the people of Judah who survive
ZEC 8 6 c478 figs-metaphor 0 in my eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 8 6 kp58 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 8 7 f4bz figs-explicit 0 I am about to rescue my people The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 7 x6hq figs-merism 0 from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun Possible meanings are 1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or 2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ZEC 8 7 x6hq figs-merism 0 from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun Possible meanings are (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ZEC 8 8 bcy7 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will be their God in truth and in righteousness This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 9 h94j figs-idiom 0 Strengthen your hands This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 8 10 h2cs 0 For before those days Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ ZEC 8 12 nk96 figs-metaphor 0 the earth will give its produce; the skies will g
ZEC 8 12 gq8d 0 inherit all these things “to have all these things”
ZEC 8 13 y21m figs-explicit 0 You were an example to the other nations of a curse The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 13 mk9i figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 13 sqv8 figs-explicit 0 you will be a blessing Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 13 sqv8 figs-explicit 0 you will be a blessing Possible meanings are (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 13 msq7 figs-idiom 0 let your hands be strong This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 8 13 v8du figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 14 z32e 0 do harm to you “punish you”
@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ ZEC 9 1 fi2z 0 for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are t
ZEC 9 1 b62m figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 2 dbk5 figs-metonymy 0 Hamath This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 2 x51x figs-metonymy 0 Tyre and Sidon This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 2 z6mi figs-irony 0 for they are very wise Possible meanings are 1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or 2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ZEC 9 2 z6mi figs-irony 0 for they are very wise Possible meanings are (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ZEC 9 3 vi9s figs-personification 0 built herself a stronghold Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 9 3 p2xv figs-hyperbole 0 heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ZEC 9 4 ps4e 0 Look! The Lord will dispossess her Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ ZEC 10 3 t1tc figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a meto
ZEC 10 3 dd5g figs-metaphor 0 make them like his warhorse in battle Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 4 l1sr 0 General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
ZEC 10 4 se8u figs-metaphor 0 From Judah will come the cornerstone “The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 4 xep2 writing-symlanguage 0 the cornerstone…the tent peg…the war bow Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 10 4 xep2 writing-symlanguage 0 the cornerstone…the tent peg…the war bow Possible meanings for these three things are (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 10 4 q653 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the tent peg “the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 4 mgt1 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the war bow “the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 4 cw1m 0 from him will come every ruler together “every ruler will come from Judah”
@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ ZEC 11 2 gbt2 figs-personification 0 Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong
ZEC 11 3 pb1q 0 The shepherds howl “The shepherds cry out loudly”
ZEC 11 3 ji77 figs-metonymy 0 for their glory has been destroyed Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 3 h9cl figs-metonymy 0 for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 4 u48q 0 watch over the flock set aside for slaughter “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 6 ljs6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ ZEC 11 6 qz87 figs-metonymy 0 turn over every person into the hand of his neigh
ZEC 11 6 sr77 figs-metonymy 0 none of them will I deliver them from their hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 7 jsk4 0 for those who dealt in sheep “for those who bought and sold sheep”
ZEC 11 7 gy5l 0 Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, Possible meanings are 1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or 2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, Possible meanings are (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ ZEC 11 13 e1ta 0 General Information: The parable about shepherds and sheep co
ZEC 11 13 dv1a 0 treasury This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
ZEC 11 13 ye4f figs-irony 0 the excellent price Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ZEC 11 14 js8t figs-metonymy 0 between Judah and Israel Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 16 t1g5 figs-idiom 0 I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 11 16 qq2g 0 the fattened sheep “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
ZEC 11 16 wwi6 0 will tear off their hooves This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ ZEC 12 6 l53t figs-merism 0 on their right and on their left Here “right” a
ZEC 12 6 hh2l figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will again live in her own place Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 7 qxb1 0 General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
ZEC 12 7 nba7 figs-metonymy 0 the tents of Judah Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 7 h87n figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 7 h87n figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Possible meanings are (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 8 ys6n figs-simile 0 those who are weak among them will be like David This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 12 8 zz25 0 the angel of Yahweh This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
ZEC 12 10 f9d7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ ZEC 14 10 sj4y translate-names 0 Arabah This is the name of a plain in the Jord
ZEC 14 10 sxq5 translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 rz4c translate-names 0 Rimmon This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 uk8u grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Jerusalem will continue to be raised up This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 10 eay1 translate-names 0 the Benjamin Gate…the first gate…the Corner Gate These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or 2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 10 eay1 translate-names 0 the Benjamin Gate…the first gate…the Corner Gate These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 10 t1rw translate-names 0 the Tower of Hananel This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 rki8 figs-explicit 0 the king’s winepresses This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 11 gbk1 figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will live in safety Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
23 ZEC 1 8 fg97 translate-unknown 0 myrtle trees a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
24 ZEC 1 9 rb9l 0 I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
25 ZEC 1 9 l5k2 0 What are these things, Lord? “What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
26 ZEC 1 10 uiv2 figs-idiom 0 the man who stood among the myrtle trees These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
27 ZEC 1 10 m3qf figs-explicit 0 These are those The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28 ZEC 1 10 paz1 figs-explicit 0 to roam throughout the earth It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29 ZEC 1 11 p8ce figs-idiom 0 the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
30 ZEC 1 11 vum3 figs-explicit 0 They answered…they said The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31 ZEC 1 11 z1nt figs-metaphor 0 all the earth sits still and is at rest There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are 1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or 2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32 ZEC 1 12 hd8w figs-metonymy 0 to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33 ZEC 1 13 ea77 0 with good words, words of comfort “with good, comforting words”
34 ZEC 1 14 z627 0 I have been jealous for Jerusalem Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahweh’s strong desire to protect his people.
35 ZEC 1 15 z4b6 figs-idiom 0 I am very angry with the nations that are at ease The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36 ZEC 1 15 vt8i 0 I was only a little angry with them “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
37 ZEC 1 15 ml6d figs-explicit 0 they made the disaster worse “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
38 ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies Possible meanings are 1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or 2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39 ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40 ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
41 ZEC 1 17 xwc5 0 Again call out, saying The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
64 ZEC 2 8 uv6h figs-explicit 0 for whoever touches you The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
65 ZEC 2 9 w4b5 translate-symaction 0 I myself will shake my hand over them Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
66 ZEC 2 9 q7li 0 they will be plunder for their slaves The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
67 ZEC 2 10 n5lp figs-metaphor 0 Sing for joy, daughter of Zion “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or 2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68 ZEC 2 10 ph8u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
69 ZEC 2 11 h8g4 figs-metaphor 0 great nations will join themselves to Yahweh Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70 ZEC 2 11 glg2 0 in that day “at that time”
105 ZEC 4 5 d96u figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these things mean? The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106 ZEC 4 6 gn9k 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
107 ZEC 4 6 y1pw figs-explicit 0 Not by might nor by power Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
108 ZEC 4 6 wt9s figs-doublet 0 Not by might nor by power Possible meanings are 1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or 2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Possible meanings are (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
109 ZEC 4 7 abe2 figs-metaphor 0 What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
110 ZEC 4 7 k6l1 figs-explicit 0 he will bring out the top stone The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111 ZEC 4 7 cbj6 figs-explicit 0 to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ Possible meanings are 1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or 2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
112 ZEC 4 8 j4n7 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
113 ZEC 4 8 lpf1 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114 ZEC 4 9 z7ve figs-synecdoche 0 The hands of Zerubbabel have laid…his hands will bring it to completion Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid…he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
164 ZEC 6 6 g5r6 figs-metonymy 0 the white horses are…the spotted gray horses are Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is…the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165 ZEC 6 8 ny4a 0 he called out to me “the angel called out to me”
166 ZEC 6 8 n3x1 0 Look at the ones “Look at the black horses”
167 ZEC 6 8 c7ix figs-metonymy 0 they will appease my spirit concerning the north country The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” Possible meanings are 1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or 2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168 ZEC 6 9 jej6 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
169 ZEC 6 10 fez9 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170 ZEC 6 10 m87p 0 this same day “today”
173 ZEC 6 12 wn66 0 Speak to him and say “Speak to Joshua and say”
174 ZEC 6 12 ihw2 figs-metaphor 0 his name is Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175 ZEC 6 12 w53q figs-metaphor 0 He will grow up where he is The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176 ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne Possible meanings are 1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or 2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne” Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
177 ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are 1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or 2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
178 ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
179 ZEC 6 14 xn98 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah…Hen These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
180 ZEC 6 14 f3px 0 for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
197 ZEC 7 5 tfh8 figs-explicit 0 in the seventh month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
198 ZEC 7 5 d7zd figs-explicit 0 for these seventy years The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
199 ZEC 7 5 n3dw figs-rquestion 0 were you truly fasting for me? This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
200 ZEC 7 6 p43p 0 When you ate and drank Possible meanings are 1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or 2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. Possible meanings are (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
201 ZEC 7 6 ax5v figs-rquestion 0 did you not eat and drink for yourselves? This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
202 ZEC 7 7 qy27 figs-rquestion 0 Were these not the same words…to the west? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words…to the west.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
203 ZEC 7 7 dqw4 figs-metonymy 0 by the mouth of the former prophets Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
232 ZEC 8 6 c478 figs-metaphor 0 in my eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233 ZEC 8 6 kp58 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
234 ZEC 8 7 f4bz figs-explicit 0 I am about to rescue my people The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
235 ZEC 8 7 x6hq figs-merism 0 from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun Possible meanings are 1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or 2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
236 ZEC 8 8 bcy7 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will be their God in truth and in righteousness This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
237 ZEC 8 9 h94j figs-idiom 0 Strengthen your hands This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
238 ZEC 8 10 h2cs 0 For before those days Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
249 ZEC 8 12 gq8d 0 inherit all these things “to have all these things”
250 ZEC 8 13 y21m figs-explicit 0 You were an example to the other nations of a curse The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
251 ZEC 8 13 mk9i figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
252 ZEC 8 13 sqv8 figs-explicit 0 you will be a blessing Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
253 ZEC 8 13 msq7 figs-idiom 0 let your hands be strong This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
254 ZEC 8 13 v8du figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
255 ZEC 8 14 z32e 0 do harm to you “punish you”
290 ZEC 9 1 b62m figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
291 ZEC 9 2 dbk5 figs-metonymy 0 Hamath This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
292 ZEC 9 2 x51x figs-metonymy 0 Tyre and Sidon This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293 ZEC 9 2 z6mi figs-irony 0 for they are very wise Possible meanings are 1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or 2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) Possible meanings are (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
294 ZEC 9 3 vi9s figs-personification 0 built herself a stronghold Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
295 ZEC 9 3 p2xv figs-hyperbole 0 heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
296 ZEC 9 4 ps4e 0 Look! The Lord will dispossess her Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
361 ZEC 10 3 dd5g figs-metaphor 0 make them like his warhorse in battle Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
362 ZEC 10 4 l1sr 0 General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
363 ZEC 10 4 se8u figs-metaphor 0 From Judah will come the cornerstone “The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
364 ZEC 10 4 xep2 writing-symlanguage 0 the cornerstone…the tent peg…the war bow Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) Possible meanings for these three things are (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
365 ZEC 10 4 q653 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the tent peg “the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366 ZEC 10 4 mgt1 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the war bow “the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
367 ZEC 10 4 cw1m 0 from him will come every ruler together “every ruler will come from Judah”
397 ZEC 11 3 pb1q 0 The shepherds howl “The shepherds cry out loudly”
398 ZEC 11 3 ji77 figs-metonymy 0 for their glory has been destroyed Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
399 ZEC 11 3 h9cl figs-metonymy 0 for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
400 ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
401 ZEC 11 4 u48q 0 watch over the flock set aside for slaughter “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
402 ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
403 ZEC 11 6 ljs6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
407 ZEC 11 6 sr77 figs-metonymy 0 none of them will I deliver them from their hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
408 ZEC 11 7 jsk4 0 for those who dealt in sheep “for those who bought and sold sheep”
409 ZEC 11 7 gy5l 0 Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
410 ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, Possible meanings are 1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or 2) “them” refers to the sheep owners. Possible meanings are (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
411 ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
412 ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
413 ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
417 ZEC 11 13 dv1a 0 treasury This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
418 ZEC 11 13 ye4f figs-irony 0 the excellent price Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
419 ZEC 11 14 js8t figs-metonymy 0 between Judah and Israel Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420 ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
421 ZEC 11 16 t1g5 figs-idiom 0 I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
422 ZEC 11 16 qq2g 0 the fattened sheep “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
423 ZEC 11 16 wwi6 0 will tear off their hooves This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
450 ZEC 12 6 hh2l figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will again live in her own place Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
451 ZEC 12 7 qxb1 0 General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
452 ZEC 12 7 nba7 figs-metonymy 0 the tents of Judah Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453 ZEC 12 7 h87n figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
454 ZEC 12 8 ys6n figs-simile 0 those who are weak among them will be like David This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
455 ZEC 12 8 zz25 0 the angel of Yahweh This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
456 ZEC 12 10 f9d7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
526 ZEC 14 10 sxq5 translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
527 ZEC 14 10 rz4c translate-names 0 Rimmon This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
528 ZEC 14 10 uk8u grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Jerusalem will continue to be raised up This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
529 ZEC 14 10 eay1 translate-names 0 the Benjamin Gate…the first gate…the Corner Gate These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or 2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
530 ZEC 14 10 t1rw translate-names 0 the Tower of Hananel This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
531 ZEC 14 10 rki8 figs-explicit 0 the king’s winepresses This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
532 ZEC 14 11 gbk1 figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will live in safety Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

12
en_tn_39-MAL.tsv
View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ MAL 1 11 v4x9 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun to its setting This doub
MAL 1 11 ls76 figs-metonymy 0 my name will be great among the nations Here “my name” stands for Yahweh’s reputation and honor. Alternate translation: “I will be honored in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 11 rx5c figs-activepassive 0 in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 1 11 m2j4 figs-metonymy 0 in my name Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 12 n6gq 0 its fruit, its food Possible meanings are 1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or 2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.”
MAL 1 12 n6gq 0 its fruit, its food Possible meanings are (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.”
MAL 1 13 la3n figs-idiom 0 snort at it show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 1 13 kz7p figs-rquestion 0 Should I accept this from your hand? Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “I should certainly not accept this from you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 13 nx88 figs-synecdoche 0 from your hand Here “your hand” stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ MAL 2 2 b7vl figs-idiom 0 you are not laying my command on your heart This refe
MAL 2 3 vsb2 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread dung on your faces Here “dung on your faces” stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 3 skc9 figs-metonymy 0 the dung from your festivals Here “festivals” stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 3 m2bs figs-activepassive 0 he will take you away with it This difficult expression can be translated as “God will take you away with it,” that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 2 3 zti7 figs-metaphor 0 he will take you away with it Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 3 zti7 figs-metaphor 0 he will take you away with it Possible meanings of this expression are (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 4 cr4j figs-metonymy 0 Levi Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 5 x7pv figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 5 t8fs figs-metaphor 0 My covenant with him was life and peace Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ MAL 3 15 maa8 figs-metaphor 0 we call the arrogant blessed Here to be called
MAL 3 15 a55n figs-activepassive 0 we call the arrogant blessed This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are well off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 3 15 e45r figs-explicit 0 escape That is, “they escape God’s punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 16 e2b8 0 General Information: The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins.
MAL 3 16 le6y 0 a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.
MAL 3 16 le6y 0 a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This can mean (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.
MAL 3 16 tdq5 figs-abstractnouns 0 book of remembrance This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 16 b8vc figs-metonymy 0 honored his name Here “his name” stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 3 17 em21 0 They will be mine “They will be my people”
@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ MAL 4 1 i1qy figs-metaphor 0 all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become
MAL 4 1 f4xr figs-metonymy 0 The day that is coming will burn them up Here “the day” stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: “On that day I will burn them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 4 1 x4ll figs-merism 0 it will leave them neither root nor branch This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 tqe5 figs-metonymy 0 you who fear my name Here “my name” stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 4 2 jc14 0 the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them.
MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns 0 healing in its wings Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 jc14 0 the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This can mean (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them.
MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns 0 healing in its wings Possible meanings are (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile 0 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 4 3 cn2r figs-metaphor 0 you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 3 f8ct 0 they will be ashes The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
46 MAL 1 11 ls76 figs-metonymy 0 my name will be great among the nations Here “my name” stands for Yahweh’s reputation and honor. Alternate translation: “I will be honored in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
47 MAL 1 11 rx5c figs-activepassive 0 in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48 MAL 1 11 m2j4 figs-metonymy 0 in my name Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49 MAL 1 12 n6gq 0 its fruit, its food Possible meanings are 1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or 2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.” Possible meanings are (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.”
50 MAL 1 13 la3n figs-idiom 0 snort at it show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
51 MAL 1 13 kz7p figs-rquestion 0 Should I accept this from your hand? Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “I should certainly not accept this from you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
52 MAL 1 13 nx88 figs-synecdoche 0 from your hand Here “your hand” stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
61 MAL 2 3 vsb2 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread dung on your faces Here “dung on your faces” stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62 MAL 2 3 skc9 figs-metonymy 0 the dung from your festivals Here “festivals” stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63 MAL 2 3 m2bs figs-activepassive 0 he will take you away with it This difficult expression can be translated as “God will take you away with it,” that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
64 MAL 2 3 zti7 figs-metaphor 0 he will take you away with it Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings of this expression are (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65 MAL 2 4 cr4j figs-metonymy 0 Levi Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
66 MAL 2 5 x7pv figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67 MAL 2 5 t8fs figs-metaphor 0 My covenant with him was life and peace Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169 MAL 3 15 a55n figs-activepassive 0 we call the arrogant blessed This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are well off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
170 MAL 3 15 e45r figs-explicit 0 escape That is, “they escape God’s punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171 MAL 3 16 e2b8 0 General Information: The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins.
172 MAL 3 16 le6y 0 a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. This can mean (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.
173 MAL 3 16 tdq5 figs-abstractnouns 0 book of remembrance This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
174 MAL 3 16 b8vc figs-metonymy 0 honored his name Here “his name” stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
175 MAL 3 17 em21 0 They will be mine “They will be my people”
184 MAL 4 1 f4xr figs-metonymy 0 The day that is coming will burn them up Here “the day” stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: “On that day I will burn them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
185 MAL 4 1 x4ll figs-merism 0 it will leave them neither root nor branch This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186 MAL 4 2 tqe5 figs-metonymy 0 you who fear my name Here “my name” stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
187 MAL 4 2 jc14 0 the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them. This can mean (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them.
188 MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns 0 healing in its wings Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189 MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190 MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile 0 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
191 MAL 4 3 cn2r figs-metaphor 0 you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
192 MAL 4 3 f8ct 0 they will be ashes The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).

110
en_tn_41-MAT.tsv
View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ MAT 2 1 ft22 ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν 1 from the east “from a country far
MAT 2 2 v5t4 ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ τεχθεὶς Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων? 1 Where is he who was born King of the Jews? The men knew from studying the stars that the one who would become king had been born. They were trying to learn where he was. Alternate translation: “A baby who will become the king of the Jews has been born. Where is he?”
MAT 2 2 zj7c αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα 1 his star They were not saying that the baby was the rightful owner of the star. Alternate translation: “the star that tells about him” or “the star that is associated with his birth”
MAT 2 2 a7y9 ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ 1 in the east “as it came up in the east” or “while we were in our country”
MAT 2 2 v248 προσκυνῆσαι 1 to worship Possible meanings are 1) they intended to worship the baby as divine, or 2) they wanted to honor him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here.
MAT 2 2 v248 προσκυνῆσαι 1 to worship Possible meanings are (1) they intended to worship the baby as divine, or (2) they wanted to honor him as a human king. If your language has a word that includes both meanings, you should consider using it here.
MAT 2 3 p5rw ἐταράχθη 1 he was troubled “he was worried.” Herod was worried that this baby would replace him as king.
MAT 2 3 qu3d figs-metonymy πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 all Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people. Also, “all” means “many.” Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. Alternate translation: “many of the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
MAT 2 4 ne4v 0 General Information: In verse 6, the chief priests and scribes of the people quote the prophet Micah to show that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem.
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ MAT 3 16 n8bk 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story
MAT 3 16 inf6 figs-activepassive βαπτισθεὶς δὲ 1 After he was baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After John baptized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 3 16 sf5w ἰδοὺ 1 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
MAT 3 16 jh1v figs-activepassive ἀνεῴχθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ οὐρανοί 1 the heavens were opened to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus saw the sky open” or “God opened the heavens to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 3 16 e3na figs-simile καταβαῖνον ὡσεὶ περιστερὰν 1 coming down like a dove Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a statement that the Spirit was in the form of a dove or 2) this is a simile that compares the Spirit coming down upon Jesus gently, the way a dove would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAT 3 16 e3na figs-simile καταβαῖνον ὡσεὶ περιστερὰν 1 coming down like a dove Possible meanings are (1) this is simply a statement that the Spirit was in the form of a dove or (2) this is a simile that compares the Spirit coming down upon Jesus gently, the way a dove would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAT 3 17 m2wk figs-metonymy φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα 1 a voice came out of the heavens saying “Jesus heard a voice from heaven.” Here “voice” refers to God speaking. Alternate translation: “God spoke from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 3 17 myz8 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός μου 1 my Son This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 4 intro hgw2 0 # Matthew 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 6, 15 and 16, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quotation in verse 10.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “the kingdom of heaven has come near”<br><br>No one knows for use whether the “kingdom of heaven” was present or still coming when Jesus spoke these words. English translations often use the phrase “at hand,” but these words can be difficult to translate. Other versions use the phase “is coming near” and “has come near.”<br><br>### “If you are the Son of God”<br><br>The reader should not understand these words in verses 3 and 6 to mean that Satan did not know whether Jesus was the Son of God. God had already said that Jesus was his Son ([Matthew 3:17](../../mat/03/17.md)), so Satan knew who Jesus was. He also knew that Jesus could make stones become bread and could throw himself off of high places and not be hurt. He was trying to make Jesus do these things and so disobey God and obey Satan. These words can be translated as “Because you are the Son of God” or “You are the Son of God. Show me what you can do.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]])<br>
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ MAT 4 1 wy4b figs-activepassive πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ δια
MAT 4 2 iw2i νηστεύσας…ἐπείνασεν 1 he had fasted…he was hungry These refer to Jesus.
MAT 4 2 cft7 translate-numbers ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσεράκοντα 1 forty days and forty nights “40 days and 40 nights.” This refers to 24-hour periods. Alternate translation: “40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MAT 4 3 vl86 ὁ πειράζων 1 The tempter These words refer to the same being as “the devil” (verse 1). You may have to use the same word to translate both.
MAT 4 3 l1lk εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ 1 If you are the Son of God, command It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus’ own benefit. Alternate translation: “You are the Son of God, so you can command” or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding”
MAT 4 3 l1lk εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ 1 If you are the Son of God, command It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are (1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus’ own benefit. Alternate translation: “You are the Son of God, so you can command” or (2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding”
MAT 4 3 c1ac guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 4 3 m1va figs-quotations εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται 1 command that these stones become bread. You could translate this with a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “say to these stones, ‘Become bread.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
MAT 4 3 t3xm figs-synecdoche ἄρτοι 1 bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ MAT 4 4 fd67 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written This can be s
MAT 4 4 rld7 οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 Man shall not live on bread alone This implies that there is something more important to life than food.
MAT 4 4 jl6f figs-metonymy ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος Θεοῦ 1 but by every word that comes out of the mouth of God Here “word” and “mouth” refer to what God says. Alternate translation: “but by listening to everything that God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 4 5 r4a5 0 General Information: In verse 6, Satan quotes from the Psalms in order to tempt Jesus.
MAT 4 6 fa8l εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω 1 If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus’ own benefit. Alternate translation: “Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down” or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down”
MAT 4 6 fa8l εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω 1 If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are (1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus’ own benefit. Alternate translation: “Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down” or (2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down”
MAT 4 6 x2vg guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 4 6 c5kr βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω 1 throw yourself down “let yourself fall to the ground” or “jump down”
MAT 4 6 a5h2 figs-activepassive γέγραπται γὰρ 1 for it is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the writer wrote in the scriptures” or “for it says in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ MAT 5 2 q9mm figs-idiom ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ 1 He opene
MAT 5 2 ji1p ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς 1 taught them The word “them” refers to his disciples.
MAT 5 3 j7ct figs-idiom οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι 1 the poor in spirit This means someone who is humble. Alternate translation: “those who know they need God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 5 3 wpi6 figs-metonymy ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 for theirs is the kingdom of heaven Here “kingdom of heaven” refers to God’s rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep “heaven” in your translation. Alternate translation: “for God in heaven will be their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 5 4 pgy8 οἱ πενθοῦντες 1 those who mourn Possible reasons they are sad are 1) the sinfulness of the world or 2) their own sins or 3) the death of someone. Do not specify the reason for mourning unless your language requires it.
MAT 5 4 pgy8 οἱ πενθοῦντες 1 those who mourn Possible reasons they are sad are (1) the sinfulness of the world or (2) their own sins or (3) the death of someone. Do not specify the reason for mourning unless your language requires it.
MAT 5 4 lie5 figs-activepassive αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται 1 they will be comforted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will comfort them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 5 5 mvb1 οἱ πραεῖς 1 the meek “the gentle” or “those who do not rely on their own power”
MAT 5 5 iy1y αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσι τὴν γῆν 1 they will inherit the earth “God will give them the entire earth”
@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ MAT 5 11 rk69 εἴπωσιν πᾶν πονηρὸν καθ’ ὑμῶν ψε
MAT 5 11 eez3 ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ 1 for my sake “because you follow me” or because you believe in me”
MAT 5 12 ssk9 figs-doublet χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε 1 Rejoice and be very glad “Rejoice” and “be very glad” mean almost the same thing. Jesus wanted his hearers not merely to rejoice but to do even more than rejoice if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
MAT 5 13 qp6l 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach about how his disciples are like salt and light.
MAT 5 13 i3zp figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς 1 You are the salt of the earth Possible meanings are 1) just as salt makes food good, disciples of Jesus influence the people of the world so that they will be good. Alternate translation: “You are like salt for the people of the world” or 2) just as salt preserves food, disciples of Jesus keep people from becoming totally corrupt. Alternate translation: “As salt is for food, you are for the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 5 13 jv56 figs-metaphor ἐὰν…τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ 1 if the salt has lost its taste Possible meanings are 1) “if the salt has lost its power to do things that salt does” or 2) “if the salt has lost its flavor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 5 13 i3zp figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς 1 You are the salt of the earth Possible meanings are (1) just as salt makes food good, disciples of Jesus influence the people of the world so that they will be good. Alternate translation: “You are like salt for the people of the world” or (2) just as salt preserves food, disciples of Jesus keep people from becoming totally corrupt. Alternate translation: “As salt is for food, you are for the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 5 13 jv56 figs-metaphor ἐὰν…τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ 1 if the salt has lost its taste Possible meanings are (1) “if the salt has lost its power to do things that salt does” or (2) “if the salt has lost its flavor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 5 13 wp9g figs-rquestion ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται? 1 with what can it be made salty again? “how can it be made useful again?” Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. Alternate translation: “there is no way for it to become useful again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 5 13 e7cz figs-activepassive εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω, καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 except to be thrown out and trampled under people’s feet This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “except for people to throw it out into the road and walk on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 5 14 wgh5 figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου 1 You are the light of the world This means Jesus’ followers bring the message of God’s truth to all the people who do not know God. Alternate translation: “You are like a light for the people of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -401,10 +401,10 @@ MAT 6 5 a7z4 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach about prayer.
MAT 6 5 e12v figs-explicit ὅπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 so that they may be seen by people It is implied that those who see them will give them honor. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that people will see them and give them honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 6 5 z3h6 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 6 6 dqv4 εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ ταμεῖόν σου καὶ κλείσας τὴν θύραν σου 1 enter into your inner chamber, and having shut your door “go to a private place” or “go where you can be alone”
MAT 6 6 vdr7 τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ 1 your Father who is in secret Possible meanings are 1) no one can see God. Alternate translation: “Father, who is invisible” or 2) God is in that private place with the praying person. Alternate translation: “Father, who is with you in private”
MAT 6 6 vdr7 τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ 1 your Father who is in secret Possible meanings are (1) no one can see God. Alternate translation: “Father, who is invisible” or (2) God is in that private place with the praying person. Alternate translation: “Father, who is with you in private”
MAT 6 6 kkn7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τῷ Πατρί 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 6 6 eb6r ὁ Πατήρ σου, ὁ βλέπων ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ 1 your Father who sees in secret “your Father will see what you do in private and”
MAT 6 7 d1t2 μὴ βατταλογήσητε 1 do not make useless repetitions Possible meanings are 1) the repetitions are useless. Alternate translation: “do not keep uselessly saying things over and over again” or 2) the words or sentences are meaningless. Alternate translation: “do not keeping repeating meaningless words”
MAT 6 7 d1t2 μὴ βατταλογήσητε 1 do not make useless repetitions Possible meanings are (1) the repetitions are useless. Alternate translation: “do not keep uselessly saying things over and over again” or (2) the words or sentences are meaningless. Alternate translation: “do not keeping repeating meaningless words”
MAT 6 7 a8ai figs-activepassive εἰσακουσθήσονται 1 they will be heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their false gods will hear them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 6 8 fr1d figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about how they as individuals should pray. The words “you” and “your” are plural in the first sentence. Within the prayer, the words “you” and “your” are singular and refer to God, “Our Father in heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MAT 6 8 nv9i guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ MAT 6 16 q19r 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach about fasting.
MAT 6 16 xv6b ἀφανίζουσιν…τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν 1 they disfigure their faces The hypocrites would not wash their faces or comb their hair. They did this purposely to draw attention to themselves so that people would see them and give them honor for fasting.
MAT 6 16 ix6h ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 6 17 k283 ἄλειψαί σου τὴν κεφαλὴν 1 anoint your head “put oil in your hair” or “groom your hair.” To “anoint” the head here is to take normal care of one’s hair. It has nothing to do with “Christ” meaning “anointed one.” Jesus means that people should look the same whether they are fasting or not.
MAT 6 18 d27s τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ 1 your Father who is in secret Possible meanings are 1) no one can see God. Alternate translation: “Father, who is invisible” or 2) God is with that person who fasts secretly. Alternate translation: “Father, who is with you in private” See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](../06/06.md).
MAT 6 18 d27s τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ 1 your Father who is in secret Possible meanings are (1) no one can see God. Alternate translation: “Father, who is invisible” or (2) God is with that person who fasts secretly. Alternate translation: “Father, who is with you in private” See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](../06/06.md).
MAT 6 18 m56a guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τῷ Πατρί 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 6 18 tby8 ὁ βλέπων ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ 1 who sees in secret “who sees what you do in private.” See how you translated this in [Matthew 6:6](../06/06.md).
MAT 6 19 afg9 figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. All occurrences of “you” and “your” are plural, except in verse 21, where they are singular. In some languages these occurrences of “you” and “your” may also need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ MAT 7 1 xk6w figs-explicit μὴ κρίνετε 1 Do not judge It is implied her
MAT 7 1 bk8y figs-activepassive μὴ κριθῆτε 1 you will not be judged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not condemn you harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 7 2 f9nb γὰρ 1 For Be sure the reader understands the statement in 7:2 is based on what Jesus said in 7:1.
MAT 7 2 kj24 figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ…κρίματι κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε 1 with the judgment you judge, you will be judged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will condemn you in the same way you condemn others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 7 2 mt3d ᾧ μέτρῳ 1 the measure Possible meanings are 1) this is the amount of punishment given or 2) this is the standard used for judgment.
MAT 7 2 mt3d ᾧ μέτρῳ 1 the measure Possible meanings are (1) this is the amount of punishment given or (2) this is the standard used for judgment.
MAT 7 2 wgh2 figs-activepassive μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be measured out to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will measure it out to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 7 3 hzb4 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. The instances of “you” and “your” are all singular, but in some languages they may need to be plural.
MAT 7 3 em5r figs-rquestion τί δὲ βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος…τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν οὐ κατανοεῖς? 1 Why do you look…but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Jesus uses this question to rebuke the people for paying attention to other people’s sins and ignoring their own. Alternate translation: “You look…brother’s eye, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye.” or “Do not look…brother’s eye and ignore the log that is in your own eye.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ MAT 7 12 b1x2 figs-metonymy οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ νόμος κα
MAT 7 13 uhb3 0 General Information: This image of walking through a wide gate to destruction or a narrow gate to life represents how people live and the results of how they live. When you translate, use appropriate words for “wide” and “broad” that are as different as possible from “narrow” in order to emphasize the differences between the two sets of gates and ways.
MAT 7 13 dgr2 figs-metaphor εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης…πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι’ αὐτῆς 1 Enter through the narrow gate…there are many people who go through it This is an image of people traveling on a road and going through a gate into a kingdom. One kingdom is easy to enter; the other is hard to enter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 7 13 j8xn εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης 1 Enter through the narrow gate You may need to move this to the end of verse 14: “Therefore, enter through the narrow gate.”
MAT 7 13 y9ru τῆς…πύλης…ἡ ὁδὸς 1 the gate…the way Possible meanings are 1) “the way” refers to the road that leads to the gate of a kingdom, or 2) the “the gate” and “the way” both refer to the entrance to the kingdom.
MAT 7 13 y9ru τῆς…πύλης…ἡ ὁδὸς 1 the gate…the way Possible meanings are (1) “the way” refers to the road that leads to the gate of a kingdom, or (2) the “the gate” and “the way” both refer to the entrance to the kingdom.
MAT 7 13 zv24 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν 1 to destruction This abstract noun can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “to the place where people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAT 7 14 x8u9 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to speak of people choosing how they are going to live as if they are choosing whether to go on one path or another.
MAT 7 14 wlr9 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ζωήν 1 to life The abstract noun “life” can be translated using the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “to the place where people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ MAT 7 21 c6yz guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός 1 Father This i
MAT 7 22 mp6e figs-explicit ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 in that day Jesus said “that day” knowing his hearers would understand he was referring to the day of judgment. You should include “the day of judgment” only if your readers would not understand otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 7 22 m9py figs-rquestion ἐπροφητεύσαμεν…δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν…δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν? 1 did we not prophesy…drive out demons…do many mighty deeds? The people use a question to emphasize that they did these things. Alternate translation: “we prophesied…we drove out demons…we did many mighty deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 7 22 t5j7 figs-exclusive ἐπροφητεύσαμεν 1 did we…prophesy This “we” does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
MAT 7 22 hg17 figs-metonymy τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι 1 in your name Possible meanings are 1) “by your authority” or “by your power” or 2) “because we were doing what you wanted us to do” or 3) “because we asked you for the power to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 7 22 hg17 figs-metonymy τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι 1 in your name Possible meanings are (1) “by your authority” or “by your power” or (2) “because we were doing what you wanted us to do” or (3) “because we asked you for the power to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 7 22 p67f δυνάμεις 1 mighty deeds “miracles”
MAT 7 23 d4y5 figs-idiom οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς 1 I never knew you This means the person does not belong to Jesus. Alternate translation: “You are not my follower” or “I have nothing to do with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 7 24 fg9k οὖν 1 Therefore “For that reason”
@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ MAT 8 4 gzy6 αὐτῷ 1 to him This refers to the man that Jesus just healed.
MAT 8 4 gt5s ὅρα μηδενὶ εἴπῃς 1 See that you tell no one “do not say anything to anyone” or “do not tell anyone I healed you”
MAT 8 4 zi3a figs-explicit σεαυτὸν, δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ 1 show yourself to the priest Jewish law required that the person show his healed skin to the priest, who would then allow him or her to return to the community, to be with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 8 4 tq9l figs-explicit προσένεγκον τὸ δῶρον ὃ προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς, εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them The law of Moses required that someone healed of leprosy give a thanksgiving offering to the priest. When the priest accepted the gift, people would know that the man had been healed. Lepers were ostracized, banned from the community, until they had proof of their healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 8 4 rj8u figs-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 to them This can possibly refer to 1) the priests or 2) all the people or 3) the critics of Jesus. If possible, use a pronoun that could refer to any of these groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
MAT 8 4 rj8u figs-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 to them This can possibly refer to (1) the priests or (2) all the people or (3) the critics of Jesus. If possible, use a pronoun that could refer to any of these groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
MAT 8 5 sxz8 0 Connecting Statement: Here the scene shifts to a different time and place and tells of Jesus healing another person.
MAT 8 5 vzb9 προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ…παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν 1 came to him and asked him Here “him” refers to Jesus.
MAT 8 6 cr8h παραλυτικός 1 paralyzed unable to move because of disease or stroke
@ -615,14 +615,14 @@ MAT 8 20 rrb5 φωλεοὺς 1 holes Foxes make holes in the ground to live in
MAT 8 20 qvm5 figs-123person ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAT 8 20 yl4s figs-idiom οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ 1 has no place to lay his head This refers to a place to sleep. Alternate translation: “no place of his own to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 8 21 hlx9 ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου 1 allow me first to go and bury my father It is unclear whether the man’s father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is that the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus.
MAT 8 22 h7fb figs-metaphor ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς 1 leave the dead to bury their own dead Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of “the dead”: 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 8 22 h7fb figs-metaphor ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς 1 leave the dead to bury their own dead Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of “the dead”: (1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or (2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 8 23 us1s 0 Connecting Statement: Here the scene shifts to the account of Jesus calming a storm as he and his disciples cross the Sea of Galilee.
MAT 8 23 e8k1 καὶ ἐμβάντι αὐτῷ εἰς πλοῖον 1 When he had entered into a boat “got onto a boat”
MAT 8 23 sl7v ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ 1 his disciples followed him Try to use the same words for “disciple” and “follow” that you used in ([Matthew 8:21-22](./21.md)).
MAT 8 24 j55j ἰδοὺ 1 Behold This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of showing this. Alternate translation: “Suddenly” or “Without warning”
MAT 8 24 x7k1 figs-activepassive σεισμὸς μέγας ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ 1 there arose a great storm on the sea This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a powerful storm arose on the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 8 24 m6w8 figs-activepassive ὥστε τὸ πλοῖον καλύπτεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων 1 so that the boat was covered with the waves This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the waves covered the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 8 25 k2hd ἤγειραν αὐτὸν λέγοντες, Κύριε, σῶσον 1 woke him up, saying, “Save us, Lord Possible meanings are 1) they first woke Jesus and then they said, “Save us” or 2) as they were waking Jesus up, they were saying “Save us.”
MAT 8 25 k2hd ἤγειραν αὐτὸν λέγοντες, Κύριε, σῶσον 1 woke him up, saying, “Save us, Lord Possible meanings are (1) they first woke Jesus and then they said, “Save us” or (2) as they were waking Jesus up, they were saying “Save us.”
MAT 8 25 b2wh figs-inclusive σῶσον…ἀπολλύμεθα 1 Save us…we are about to die If you need to translate these words as inclusive or exclusive, then inclusive is best. The disciples probably meant they wanted Jesus to save the disciples and himself from drowning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
MAT 8 25 xf5d ἀπολλύμεθα 1 we are about to die “we are going to die”
MAT 8 26 jmt8 αὐτοῖς 1 to them “to the disciples”
@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ MAT 9 2 k5eh τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν 1 their faith This refers to the
MAT 9 2 k9qq τέκνον 1 Child The man was not Jesus’ real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated “My friend” or “Young man” or even omitted.
MAT 9 2 iys2 figs-activepassive ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 Your sins have been forgiven This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 9 3 a35d ἰδού 1 behold This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this.
MAT 9 3 f88r ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 among themselves Possible meanings are 1) each one was thinking to himself, or 2) they were speaking among themselves.
MAT 9 3 f88r ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 among themselves Possible meanings are (1) each one was thinking to himself, or (2) they were speaking among themselves.
MAT 9 3 mq8v βλασφημεῖ 1 is blaspheming Jesus was claiming to be able to do things the scribes thought only God can do.
MAT 9 4 u643 ἰδὼν…τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν 1 knew their thoughts Jesus knew what they were thinking either supernaturally or because he could see them talking to each other.
MAT 9 4 n4yl figs-rquestion ἵνα τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν? 1 For what reason are you thinking evil in your hearts? Jesus used this question to rebuke the scribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ MAT 9 38 vz8y δεήθητε…τοῦ Κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ 1
MAT 10 intro m5iu 0 # Matthew 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sending of the twelve disciples<br><br>Many verses in this chapter describe how Jesus sent the twelve disciples out. He sent them to tell his message about the kingdom of heaven. They were to tell his message only in Israel and not to share it with the Gentiles.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The twelve disciples<br><br>The following are the lists of the twelve disciples:<br><br>In Matthew:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Mark:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Luke:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James.<br><br>### “The kingdom of heaven has come near”<br><br>No one knows for sure whether the “kingdom of heaven” was present or still coming when John spoke these words. English translations often use the phrase “at hand,” but these words can be difficult to translate. Other versions use the phrases “is coming near” and “has come near.”<br>
MAT 10 1 nhp2 0 Connecting Statement: This begins an account of Jesus sending out his twelve disciples to do his work.
MAT 10 1 gjs9 translate-numbers καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος τοὺς δώδεκα μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ 1 Then he called his twelve disciples together “summoned his 12 disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MAT 10 1 x1er ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν 1 gave them authority Be sure that the text clearly communicates that this authority was 1) to drive out unclean spirits and 2) to heal disease and sickness.
MAT 10 1 x1er ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν 1 gave them authority Be sure that the text clearly communicates that this authority was (1) to drive out unclean spirits and (2) to heal disease and sickness.
MAT 10 1 pq8k ὥστε ἐκβάλλειν αὐτὰ 1 to drive them out “to make the unclean spirits leave”
MAT 10 1 x29j πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν 1 every disease and every sickness. “every disease and every sickness.” The words “disease” and “sickness” are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. “Disease” is what causes a person to be sick. “Sickness” is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease.
MAT 10 2 yt7a 0 General Information: Here the author provides the names of the twelve apostles as background information.
@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ MAT 10 2 t59v writing-background δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a br
MAT 10 2 f1vu τῶν…δώδεκα ἀποστόλων 1 the twelve apostles This is the same group as the “twelve disciples” in [Matthew 10:1](../10/01.md).
MAT 10 2 sc7b translate-ordinal πρῶτος 1 first This is first in order, not in rank. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
MAT 10 3 g6eg Μαθθαῖος ὁ τελώνης 1 Matthew the tax collector “Matthew, who was a tax collector”
MAT 10 4 n4st ὁ Καναναῖος 1 the Zealot Possible meanings are 1) “the Zealot” is a title that shows that he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or 2) “the Zealot” is a description that shows that he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the zealous one” or “the passionate one”
MAT 10 4 n4st ὁ Καναναῖος 1 the Zealot Possible meanings are (1) “the Zealot” is a title that shows that he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or (2) “the Zealot” is a description that shows that he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the zealous one” or “the passionate one”
MAT 10 4 kmp2 ὁ καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτόν 1 who would also betray him “who would betray Jesus”
MAT 10 5 sn9v figs-events 0 General Information: Although verse 5 begins by saying that he sent out the twelve, Jesus gave these instructions before he sent them out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
MAT 10 5 aw5h 0 Connecting Statement: Here Jesus begins to give instructions to his disciples about what they should do and expect when they go to preach.
@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ MAT 10 13 qip2 figs-you ὑμῶν…ὑμῶν 1 your…your These are plural a
MAT 10 13 kc9m figs-metonymy μὲν ᾖ ἡ οἰκία ἀξία…μὴ ᾖ ἀξία 1 the house is worthy…it is not worthy Here “the house” represents those who live in the house. A “worthy” person is a person who is willing to welcome the disciples. Jesus compares this person to one who is “not worthy,” a person who does not welcome the disciples. Alternate translation: “the people who live in that house receive you well” or “the people who live in that house treat you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 10 13 q75a figs-metonymy ἐλθάτω ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν ἐπ’ αὐτήν 1 let your peace come upon it The word “it” refers to the house, which represents the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “let them receive your peace” or “let them receive the peace that you greeted them with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 10 13 ha8f figs-metonymy ἐὰν…μὴ ᾖ ἀξία 1 if it is not worthy The word “it” means the house. Here “house” refers to the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “if they do not receive you well” or “if they do not treat you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 10 13 my3y ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστραφήτω 1 let your peace come back to you Possible meanings are 1) if the household was not worthy, then God would hold back peace or blessings from that household or 2) if the household was not worthy, then the apostles were supposed to do something, such as asking God not to honor their greeting of peace. If your language has a similar meaning of taking back a greeting or its effects, that should be used here.
MAT 10 13 my3y ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστραφήτω 1 let your peace come back to you Possible meanings are (1) if the household was not worthy, then God would hold back peace or blessings from that household or (2) if the household was not worthy, then the apostles were supposed to do something, such as asking God not to honor their greeting of peace. If your language has a similar meaning of taking back a greeting or its effects, that should be used here.
MAT 10 14 yn9k 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about what they should do when they go to preach.
MAT 10 14 m8e9 καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ δέξηται ὑμᾶς, μηδὲ ἀκούσῃ 1 As for those who do not receive you or listen to “If no people in that house or city will receive you or listen”
MAT 10 14 w5py figs-you ὑμᾶς…ὑμῶν 1 you…your This is plural and refers to the twelve apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ MAT 10 25 u355 εἰ…ἐπεκάλεσαν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τοὺς
MAT 10 25 bg2l πόσῳ μᾶλλον τοὺς οἰκιακοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 how much worse the members of his household “the names that they call the members of his household will certainly be much worse” or “they will certainly call the members of his household much worse names”
MAT 10 25 cp96 εἰ…ἐπεκάλεσαν 1 If they have called “Since people have called”
MAT 10 25 pu5y figs-metaphor τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην 1 the master of the house Jesus is using this as a metaphor for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 10 25 y5md Βεελζεβοὺλ 1 Beelzebul This name can either be 1) transcribed directly as “Beelzebul” or 2) translated with its original, intended meaning of “Satan.”
MAT 10 25 y5md Βεελζεβοὺλ 1 Beelzebul This name can either be (1) transcribed directly as “Beelzebul” or (2) translated with its original, intended meaning of “Satan.”
MAT 10 25 r5ll figs-metaphor τοὺς οἰκιακοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 the members of his household This is a metaphor for Jesus’ disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 10 26 zb2j 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach.
MAT 10 26 twv2 μὴ…φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς 1 do not fear them Here “them” refers to the people who mistreat followers of Jesus.
@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ MAT 11 5 g3k4 figs-activepassive πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται 1 t
MAT 11 5 l443 figs-nominaladj πτωχοὶ 1 the poor This nominalized adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
MAT 11 7 g2q8 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to talk to the crowds about John the Baptist.
MAT 11 7 ysq6 figs-rquestion τί ἐξήλθατε εἰς τὴν ἔρημον θεάσασθαι? κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον? 1 What did you go out in the desert to see—a reed being shaken by the wind? Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out to the desert to see a reed…wind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 11 7 pc6c figs-metaphor κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 a reed being shaken by the wind Possible meanings are 1) Jesus mean the literal plants by the Jordan River or 2) Jesus is using a metaphor to mean a kind of person. Alternate translation: “a man who easily changes his mind and is like a reed blowing back and forth in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 11 7 pc6c figs-metaphor κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 a reed being shaken by the wind Possible meanings are (1) Jesus mean the literal plants by the Jordan River or (2) Jesus is using a metaphor to mean a kind of person. Alternate translation: “a man who easily changes his mind and is like a reed blowing back and forth in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 11 7 w269 figs-activepassive ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 being shaken by the wind This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “swaying in the wind” or “blowing in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 11 8 n5hx figs-rquestion ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν? ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἠμφιεσμένον? 1 But what did you go out to see—a man dressed in soft clothing? Jesus uses a question to cause the people to think about what kind of person John the Baptist is. Alternate translation: And, surely you did not go out to the desert to see a man…clothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 11 8 y24r ἐν μαλακοῖς ἠμφιεσμένον 1 dressed in soft clothing “wearing expensive clothing.” Rich people wore this kind of clothing.
@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ MAT 11 25 uwu5 ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτὰ 1 revealed them “made them kn
MAT 11 25 b6w5 figs-metaphor νηπίοις 1 to little children Jesus compares ignorant people to little children. Jesus is emphasizing that many of those who believe him either are not well educated or do not think of themselves as wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 11 26 qp7t figs-metonymy ὅτι οὕτως εὐδοκία ἐγένετο ἔμπροσθέν σου 1 for so it was well-pleasing in your sight The phrase “in your sight” is a metonym that stands for how a person considers something. Alternate translation: “for you considered it good to do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 11 27 yk5w figs-activepassive πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 All things have been entrusted to me from my Father This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My Father has entrusted all things to me” or “My Father has given everything over to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 11 27 gd67 πάντα 1 All things Possible meanings are 1) God the Father has revealed everything about himself and his kingdom to Jesus or 2) God has given all authority to Jesus.
MAT 11 27 gd67 πάντα 1 All things Possible meanings are (1) God the Father has revealed everything about himself and his kingdom to Jesus or (2) God has given all authority to Jesus.
MAT 11 27 j3vk guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 my Father This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 11 27 s1as οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν Υἱὸν, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατήρ 1 no one knows the Son except the Father “only the Father knows the Son”
MAT 11 27 rt5b οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει 1 no one knows The word “knows” here means more than just being acquainted with someone. It means knowing somoene intimately because of having a special relationship with him.
@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ MAT 12 8 l7g3 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son
MAT 12 8 jx98 Κύριος…ἐστιν τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 is Lord of the Sabbath “rules over the Sabbath” or “makes the laws about what people can do on the Sabbath”
MAT 12 9 i489 0 General Information: Here the scene shifts to a later time when the Pharisees criticize Jesus for healing a man on the Sabbath.
MAT 12 9 hns8 καὶ μεταβὰς ἐκεῖθεν 1 Then Jesus left from there “Jesus left the grainfields” or “Then Jesus left”
MAT 12 9 y4me τὴν συναγωγὴν αὐτῶν 1 their synagogue Possible meanings are 1) the word “their” refers to the Jews of that town. Alternate translation: “the synogogue” or 2) the word “their” refers to the Pharisees that Jesus had just spoken to, and this was the synagogue that they and other Jews in that town attended. The word “their” does not mean that the Pharisees owned the synagogue. Alternate translation: “the synagogue that they attended”
MAT 12 9 y4me τὴν συναγωγὴν αὐτῶν 1 their synagogue Possible meanings are (1) the word “their” refers to the Jews of that town. Alternate translation: “the synogogue” or (2) the word “their” refers to the Pharisees that Jesus had just spoken to, and this was the synagogue that they and other Jews in that town attended. The word “their” does not mean that the Pharisees owned the synagogue. Alternate translation: “the synagogue that they attended”
MAT 12 10 kjf6 ἰδοὺ 1 Behold The word “Behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
MAT 12 10 xb13 ἄνθρωπος χεῖρα ἔχων ξηράν 1 a man who had a withered hand “a man who had a paralyzed hand” or “a man with a crippled hand”
MAT 12 10 t948 καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν λέγοντες, εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς Σάββασιν θεραπεύειν? ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτοῦ 1 The Pharisees asked Jesus, saying, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?” so that they might accuse him of sinning “The Pharisees wanted to accuse Jesus of sinning, so they asked him, ‘Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?’”
@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ MAT 12 32 z3ma figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 that will b
MAT 12 32 hfs4 οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 that will not be forgiven him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not forgive that person”
MAT 12 32 lw5j figs-metonymy οὔτε ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι οὔτε ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι 1 neither in this age, nor in the one that is coming Here “this world” and “that which is to come” refer to the present life and the next life. Alternate translation: “in this life or in the next life” or “now or ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 12 33 d73d 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to respond to the Pharisees.
MAT 12 33 bi8z ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον καλὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ καλόν, ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ σαπρόν 1 Either make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad Possible meanings are 1) “If you make a tree good, its fruit will be good, and if you make the tree bad, its fruit will be bad” or 2) “If you consider a tree to be good, it will be because its fruit is good, and if you consider it tree to be bad, it will be because its fruit is bad.” This was a proverb. People were to apply its truth to how they can know whether a person is good or bad.
MAT 12 33 bi8z ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον καλὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ καλόν, ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ σαπρόν 1 Either make a tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad Possible meanings are (1) “If you make a tree good, its fruit will be good, and if you make the tree bad, its fruit will be bad” or (2) “If you consider a tree to be good, it will be because its fruit is good, and if you consider it tree to be bad, it will be because its fruit is bad.” This was a proverb. People were to apply its truth to how they can know whether a person is good or bad.
MAT 12 33 kl16 καλὸν…σαπρὸν 1 good…bad “healthy…diseased”
MAT 12 33 kz12 figs-activepassive ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ καρποῦ, τὸ δένδρον γινώσκεται 1 for the tree is recognized by its fruit “Fruit” here is a metaphor for what a person does. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people know whether a tree is good or bad by looking at its fruit” or “people know whether a person is good or bad by looking at the results of that person’s activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 12 34 r1uv figs-metaphor γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 You offspring of vipers Here “offspring” means “having the characteristic of.” Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Matthew 3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ MAT 12 41 k3q6 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to rebuke the scribes a
MAT 12 41 gnh1 ἄνδρες Νινευεῖται 1 The men of Nineveh “The citizens of Nineveh”
MAT 12 41 b94i ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 at the judgment “on judgment day” or “when God judges people”
MAT 12 41 x8gm τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation This refers to the people living during the time Jesus was preaching.
MAT 12 41 duz2 figs-metonymy καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτήν 1 and will condemn it Possible meanings are 1) “condemn” here represents accusing. Alternate translation: “and will accuse this generation of people” or 2) God will condemn this generation of people because they did not repent as the people of Nineveh had. Alternate translation: “and God will condemn this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 12 41 duz2 figs-metonymy καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτήν 1 and will condemn it Possible meanings are (1) “condemn” here represents accusing. Alternate translation: “and will accuse this generation of people” or (2) God will condemn this generation of people because they did not repent as the people of Nineveh had. Alternate translation: “and God will condemn this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 12 41 qg29 καὶ ἰδοὺ 1 and see “and look.” This emphasizes what Jesus says next.
MAT 12 41 dbs3 πλεῖον 1 someone greater “someone more important”
MAT 12 41 zb6a figs-123person πλεῖον 1 someone greater Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ MAT 12 42 zwv7 translate-names βασίλισσα νότου 1 Queen of the Sout
MAT 12 42 kku7 ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 will rise up at the judgment “will stand up at the judgment”
MAT 12 42 z46e ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 at the judgment “on judgment day” or “when God judges people.” See how you translated this in [Matthew 12:41](../12/41.md).
MAT 12 42 zc72 τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation This refers to the people living during the time Jesus was preaching.
MAT 12 42 k4ls figs-metonymy καὶ κατακρινεῖ αὐτήν 1 and condemn them See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](../12/41.md). Possible meanings are 1) “condemn” here represents accusing. Alternate translation: “and will accuse this generation of people” or 2) God will condemn this generation of people because they did not listen to wisdom as the Queen of the South had. Alternate translation: “and God will condemn this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 12 42 k4ls figs-metonymy καὶ κατακρινεῖ αὐτήν 1 and condemn them See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](../12/41.md). Possible meanings are (1) “condemn” here represents accusing. Alternate translation: “and will accuse this generation of people” or (2) God will condemn this generation of people because they did not listen to wisdom as the Queen of the South had. Alternate translation: “and God will condemn this generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 12 42 q8q8 figs-idiom ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς 1 She came from the ends of the earth Here “ends of the earth” is an idiom that means “far away.” Alternate translation: “She came from very far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 12 42 t521 grammar-connect-words-phrases ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς ἀκοῦσαι τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος 1 She came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon This statement explains why the Queen of the South will condemn the people of Jesus’ generation. Alternate translation: “For she came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
MAT 12 42 n99z καὶ ἰδοὺ 1 and see “and look.” This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
@ -1316,9 +1316,9 @@ MAT 13 13 wc3u 0 General Information: In verse 14, Jesus quotes the prophet Is
MAT 13 13 hm4t 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to explain to his disciples why he teaches in parables.
MAT 13 13 v6pb αὐτοῖς…βλέπουσιν 1 to them…they see All occurrences of “them” and “they” refer to the people in the crowd.
MAT 13 13 uk7j figs-parallelism 1 Though they are seeing, they do not see; and though they are hearing, they do not hear, or understand. Jesus uses this parallelism to tell and emphasize to the disciples that the crowd refuses to understand God’s truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MAT 13 13 ae8k βλέποντες 1 Though they are seeing Possible meanings are 1) this refers to them seeing what Jesus does. Alternate translation: “Though they see what I do” or 2) this refers to their ability to see. Alternate translation: “Though they are able to see”
MAT 13 13 ae8k βλέποντες 1 Though they are seeing Possible meanings are (1) this refers to them seeing what Jesus does. Alternate translation: “Though they see what I do” or (2) this refers to their ability to see. Alternate translation: “Though they are able to see”
MAT 13 13 nbi3 figs-metaphor οὐ βλέπουσιν 1 they do not see Here “see” represents understanding. Alternate translation: “they do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 13 13 j4bg ἀκούοντες 1 though they are hearing Possible meanings are 1) this refers to them hearing what Jesus teaches. Alternate translation: “Though they hear what I say” or 2) this refers to their ability to hear. Alternate translation: “Though they are able to hear”
MAT 13 13 j4bg ἀκούοντες 1 though they are hearing Possible meanings are (1) this refers to them hearing what Jesus teaches. Alternate translation: “Though they hear what I say” or (2) this refers to their ability to hear. Alternate translation: “Though they are able to hear”
MAT 13 13 gq65 figs-metaphor οὐκ ἀκούουσιν 1 they do not hear Here “hear” represents listening well. Alternate translation: “they do not listen well” or “they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 13 14 jz9n καὶ ἀναπληροῦται αὐτοῖς ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου ἡ λέγουσα 1 To them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, that which says This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are fulfilling what God said long ago through the prophet Isaiah”
MAT 13 14 z2es figs-parallelism ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε 1 You will indeed hear, but you will certainly not understand; you will indeed see, but you will certainly not perceive. This begins a quote from the prophet Isaiah about the unbelieving people of Isaiah’s day. Jesus uses this quote to describe the very crowd that was listening to him. These statements are again parallel and emphasize that the people refused to understand God’s truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ MAT 14 19 vp7r ἀνακλιθῆναι 1 to sit down “lie down.” Use the v
MAT 14 19 u613 figs-idiom λαβὼν 1 He took “He held in his hands.” He did not steal them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 14 19 i34u κλάσας…τοὺς ἄρτους 1 broke the loaves “tore the loaves”
MAT 14 19 bf1a τοὺς ἄρτους 1 the loaves “loaves of bread” or “whole breads”
MAT 14 19 t7ei ἀναβλέψας 1 Looking up Possible meanings are 1) “While looking up” or 2) “After looking up.”
MAT 14 19 t7ei ἀναβλέψας 1 Looking up Possible meanings are (1) “While looking up” or (2) “After looking up.”
MAT 14 20 l2h8 figs-activepassive καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν 1 and were filled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until they were full” or “until they were no longer hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 14 20 p73g ἦραν 1 they took up “the disciples gathered up” or “some people gathered up”
MAT 14 20 czj4 translate-numbers δώδεκα κοφίνους πλήρεις 1 twelve baskets full “12 baskets full” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1674,8 +1674,8 @@ MAT 16 17 v5lw figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖ
MAT 16 17 gi3l guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 my Father This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 16 18 z897 κἀγὼ…σοι λέγω 1 I also say to you This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 16 18 th3d figs-explicit σὺ εἶ Πέτρος 1 you are Peter The name Peter means “rock.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 16 18 x43d figs-metaphor ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 upon this rock I will build my church Here “build my church” is a metaphor for uniting the people who believe in Jesus into a community. Possible meanings are 1) “this rock” represents Peter, or 2) “this rock” represents the truth that Peter had just said in [Matthew 16:16](../16/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 16 18 vu9u figs-metaphor πύλαι ᾍδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς 1 The gates of Hades will not prevail against it Here “Hades” is spoken of as if it were a city surrounded by walls with gates that keep dead people in and other people out. Here “Hades” represents death, and its “gates” represent its power. Possible meanings are 1) “the powers of death will not overcome my church” or 2) “my church will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 16 18 x43d figs-metaphor ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 upon this rock I will build my church Here “build my church” is a metaphor for uniting the people who believe in Jesus into a community. Possible meanings are (1) “this rock” represents Peter, or (2) “this rock” represents the truth that Peter had just said in [Matthew 16:16](../16/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 16 18 vu9u figs-metaphor πύλαι ᾍδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς 1 The gates of Hades will not prevail against it Here “Hades” is spoken of as if it were a city surrounded by walls with gates that keep dead people in and other people out. Here “Hades” represents death, and its “gates” represent its power. Possible meanings are (1) “the powers of death will not overcome my church” or (2) “my church will break down the power of death the way an army breaks into a city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 16 19 ysk8 figs-you δώσω σοι 1 I will give to you Here “you” is singular and refers to Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MAT 16 19 pp5d figs-metaphor τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 the keys of the kingdom of heaven Keys are objects that are used to lock or unlock doors. Here they represent authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 16 19 kc3k figs-metonymy τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 the kingdom of heaven This refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase “kingdom of heaven” is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use “heaven” in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ MAT 17 9 y9rq figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son
MAT 17 10 nwt5 figs-explicit τί οὖν οἱ γραμματεῖς λέγουσιν ὅτι Ἠλείαν δεῖ ἐλθεῖν πρῶτον? 1 Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? The disciples are referring to the belief that Elijah will come back to life and return to the people of Israel before the Messiah comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 17 11 xbs2 ἀποκαταστήσει πάντα 1 restore all things “put things in order” or “get the people ready to receive the Messiah”
MAT 17 12 whp9 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν 1 But I tell you This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 17 12 a4h7 ἐποίησαν…αὐτῶν 1 they did…them All occurrences of these words may mean either 1) the Jewish leaders or 2) all the Jewish people.
MAT 17 12 a4h7 ἐποίησαν…αὐτῶν 1 they did…them All occurrences of these words may mean either (1) the Jewish leaders or (2) all the Jewish people.
MAT 17 12 tyw4 figs-metonymy καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει πάσχειν ὑπ’ αὐτῶν 1 the Son of Man will also suffer by them Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “they will make the Son of Man suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 17 12 i74i figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAT 17 14 t687 0 Connecting Statement: This begins an account of Jesus healing a boy who had an evil spirit. These events happen immediately after Jesus and his disciples descend from the mountain.
@ -1835,7 +1835,7 @@ MAT 18 20 kv9z figs-explicit δύο ἢ τρεῖς 1 two or three It is implied
MAT 18 20 s5rx συνηγμένοι 1 gathered together “meet”
MAT 18 20 l7vu figs-metonymy εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα 1 in my name Here “name” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because they are my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 18 21 cys4 translate-numbers ἑπτάκις 1 seven times “7 times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MAT 18 22 b19x translate-numbers ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά 1 seventy times seven Possible meanings are 1) “70 times 7” or 2) “77 times.” If using a number would be confusing, you can translate it as “more times than you can count” or “you must always forgive him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MAT 18 22 b19x translate-numbers ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά 1 seventy times seven Possible meanings are (1) “70 times 7” or (2) “77 times.” If using a number would be confusing, you can translate it as “more times than you can count” or “you must always forgive him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MAT 18 23 n44s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus uses a parable to teach about forgiveness and reconciliation.
MAT 18 23 rqp1 figs-parables ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 the kingdom of heaven is similar This introduces a parable. See how you translated a similar parable introduction in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
MAT 18 23 bp72 συνᾶραι λόγον μετὰ τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ 1 to settle accounts with his servants “his servants to pay him what they owed”
@ -1896,7 +1896,7 @@ MAT 19 9 ps45 translate-textvariants καὶ ὁ ἀπολελυμένην γα
MAT 19 11 h3a3 figs-activepassive δέδοται 1 to whom it is given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God allows” or “whom God enables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 19 12 yvb8 figs-explicit εἰσὶν γὰρ εὐνοῦχοι, οἵτινες ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς ἐγεννήθησαν οὕτως 1 For there are eunuchs who were that way from their mother’s womb You can make explicit the implicit information. Alternate translation: “For there are different reasons that men do not marry. For instance, there are men who were born eunuchs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 19 12 m1r9 figs-activepassive εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there are men whom other men have made eunuchs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 19 12 g4bw figs-metaphor εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς 1 eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs Possible meanings are 1) “men who have made themselves eunuchs by removing their private parts” or 2) “men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 19 12 g4bw figs-metaphor εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς 1 eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs Possible meanings are (1) “men who have made themselves eunuchs by removing their private parts” or (2) “men who choose to remain unmarried and sexually pure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 19 12 r78n figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 for the sake of the kingdom of heaven Here “kingdom of heaven” refers to God’s rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep “heaven” in your translation. Alternate translation: “so they can better serve our God in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 19 12 hqu1 χωρεῖν, χωρείτω 1 to receive this teaching, let him receive it “accept this teaching…accept it”
MAT 19 13 wjb5 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus receives and blesses little children.
@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@ MAT 21 31 hl72 λέγουσιν 1 They said “The chief priests and elders sai
MAT 21 31 au13 λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus said to them “Jesus said to the chief priests and elders”
MAT 21 31 er5s ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 21 31 ec9f figs-metonymy οἱ τελῶναι καὶ αἱ πόρναι προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 the tax collectors and the prostitutes will enter into the kingdom of God before you Here “kingdom of God” refers to God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “when God establishes his rule on earth, he will agree to bless the tax collectors and prostitutes by ruling over them before he agrees to do that for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 21 31 pd34 προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς 1 will enter…before you Possible meanings are 1) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes sooner than he will accept the Jewish religious leaders, or 2) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes instead of the Jewish religious leaders.
MAT 21 31 pd34 προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς 1 will enter…before you Possible meanings are (1) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes sooner than he will accept the Jewish religious leaders, or (2) God will accept the tax collectors and prostitutes instead of the Jewish religious leaders.
MAT 21 32 a8z8 figs-you ἦλθεν…Ἰωάννης πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 John came to you Here “you” is plural and refers to all the people of Israel not just the religious leaders. Alternate translation: “John came to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MAT 21 32 n2ve figs-idiom ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης 1 in the way of righteousness This is an idiom that means John showed the people the right way to live. Alternate translation: “and told you the way God wants you to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 21 32 c5t4 figs-you οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 you did not believe him Here “you” is plural and refers to the religious leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -2294,7 +2294,7 @@ MAT 23 37 t9y7 figs-metaphor τὰ τέκνα σου 1 your children Jesus is sp
MAT 23 37 xv4t figs-simile ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία αὐτῆς ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγα 1 just as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings This is a simile that emphasizes Jesus’ love for the people and how he wanted to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAT 23 37 as8p translate-unknown ὄρνις 1 a hen a female chicken. You can translate with any bird that protects her children under her wing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MAT 23 38 r6ss ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος 1 your house is left to you desolate “God will leave your house, and it will be empty”
MAT 23 38 ck2z figs-metonymy ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house Possible meanings are 1) “the city of Jerusalem” or 2) “the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 23 38 ck2z figs-metonymy ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house Possible meanings are (1) “the city of Jerusalem” or (2) “the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 23 39 i14n λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν 1 For I say to you This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 23 39 ig61 figs-metonymy εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου! 1 Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Here “in the name” means “in the power” or “as a representative.” See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate translation: “He who comes in the power of the Lord is blessed” or “He who comes as the representative of the Lord will be blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 24 intro h2a2 0 # Matthew 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus begins to prophesy about the future from that time until he returns as king of everything. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The end of the age”<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus gives an answer to his disciples when they ask how they will know when he will come again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### The example of Noah<br><br>In the time of Noah, God sent a great flood to punish people for their sins. He warned them many times about this coming flood, but it actually began suddenly. In this chapter, Jesus draws a comparison between that flood and the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let”<br><br>The ULT uses this word to begin several commands of Jesus, such as “let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains” (24:16), “let him who is on the housetop not go down to take anything out of his house” (24:17), and “let him who is in the field not return to take his cloak” (24:18). There are many different ways to form a command. Translators must select the most natural ways in their own languages.<br>
@ -2316,7 +2316,7 @@ MAT 24 9 u2bd figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 for my name’s s
MAT 24 11 mi2e figs-idiom ἐγερθήσονται 1 will rise up “Rise” here is an idiom for “become established.” Alternate translation: “will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 24 11 tjb3 figs-metaphor καὶ πλανήσουσιν πολλούς 1 and lead many astray Here “lead…astray” is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “and deceive many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 24 12 w4af figs-abstractnouns τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 lawlessness will increase The abstract noun “lawlessness” can be translated with the phrase “disobeying the law.” Alternate translation: “disobeying the law will increase” or “people will disobey God’s law more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAT 24 12 bu9b figs-idiom ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 the love of many will grow cold Possible meanings are 1) “many people will no longer love other people” or 2) “many people will no longer love God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 24 12 bu9b figs-idiom ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 the love of many will grow cold Possible meanings are (1) “many people will no longer love other people” or (2) “many people will no longer love God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 24 13 v3ex figs-activepassive ὁ…ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται 1 the one who endures to the end, he will be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save the person who endures to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 24 13 l1pp ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας 1 the…who endures “the person who stays faithful”
MAT 24 13 ht34 εἰς τέλος 1 to the end It is not clear whether the word “end” refers to when a person dies or when the persecution ends or the end of the age when God shows himself to be king. The main point is that they endure as long as necessary.
@ -2341,7 +2341,7 @@ MAT 24 26 zxg2 figs-quotations ἰδοὺ, ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις 1 Or
MAT 24 26 n2pt ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις 1 in the inner rooms “in a secret room” or “in secret places”
MAT 24 27 j1w1 figs-simile ὥσπερ…ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἐξέρχεται…οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία 1 as the lightning shines out…so will be the coming This means that the Son of Man will come very quickly and will be easy to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAT 24 27 za8b figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAT 24 28 mu35 writing-proverbs ὅπου ἐὰν ᾖ τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί 1 Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus’ time understood. Possible meanings are 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come, or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
MAT 24 28 mu35 writing-proverbs ὅπου ἐὰν ᾖ τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί 1 Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus’ time understood. Possible meanings are (1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come, or (2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
MAT 24 28 ivl8 οἱ ἀετοί 1 the vultures birds that eat the bodies of dead or dying creatures
MAT 24 29 zmm6 εὐθέως…μετὰ τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων, ὁ ἥλιος 1 immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun “as soon as the tribulation of those days has finished, the sun”
MAT 24 29 l15m τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων 1 the tribulation of those days “that time of suffering”
@ -2358,7 +2358,7 @@ MAT 24 33 cu5a figs-123person ἐγγύς ἐστιν 1 he is near Jesus is spea
MAT 24 33 cfz8 figs-metaphor ἐπὶ θύραις 1 at the very gates “close to the gates.” Jesus uses the imagery of a king or important official getting close to the gates of a walled city. It is a metaphor meaning the time for Jesus to come is soon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAT 24 34 j8np ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 24 34 gld5 figs-euphemism οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation will certainly not pass away Here “pass away” is a polite way of saying “die.” Alternate translation: “this generation will not all die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
MAT 24 34 y73t ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation Possible interpretations are 1) “all people alive today,” referring to the people alive when Jesus was speaking, or 2) “all people alive when these things I have just told you about happen.” Try to translate so that both interpretations are possible.
MAT 24 34 y73t ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation Possible interpretations are (1) “all people alive today,” referring to the people alive when Jesus was speaking, or (2) “all people alive when these things I have just told you about happen.” Try to translate so that both interpretations are possible.
MAT 24 34 fb4k ἕως ἂν πάντα ταῦτα γένηται 1 until all of these things will have happened “until God causes all these things to happen”
MAT 24 34 r6sk παρέλθῃ 1 will…pass away “disappear” or “someday no longer exist”
MAT 24 35 i8vv figs-synecdoche ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσεται 1 Heaven and the earth will pass away The words “heaven” and “earth” are a synecdoche that includes everything that God has created, especially those things that seem permanent. Jesus is saying that his word, unlike these things, is permanent. Alternate translation: “Even heaven and the earth will pass away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ MAT 24 39 ffa6 καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 and they knew nothing This can
MAT 24 39 ah5v ἦρεν ἅπαντας; οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 took them all away—so will be the coming of the Son of Man This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “away. This is how it will be when the Son of Man comes”
MAT 24 40 ksk6 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to tell his disciples to be ready for his return.
MAT 24 40 hth3 τότε 1 Then This is when the Son of Man comes.
MAT 24 40 gt4l figs-activepassive εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 one will be taken, and one will be left Possible meanings are 1) the Son of Man will take one away to heaven and will leave the other on earth for punishment or 2) the angels will take one away for punishment and leave the other for blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 24 40 gt4l figs-activepassive εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 one will be taken, and one will be left Possible meanings are (1) the Son of Man will take one away to heaven and will leave the other on earth for punishment or (2) the angels will take one away for punishment and leave the other for blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 24 42 j83i οὖν 1 Therefore “Because what I have just said is true”
MAT 24 42 s6ir γρηγορεῖτε 1 be on your guard “pay attention”
MAT 24 43 ak6a figs-parables ὅτι εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης,…διορυχθῆναι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 that if the master of the house…his house to be broken into Jesus uses a parable of a master and servants to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
@ -2395,7 +2395,7 @@ MAT 24 51 rwd5 translate-symaction ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ
MAT 25 intro qe8a 0 # Matthew 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the teaching of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The parable of the ten virgins<br><br>Jesus told the parable of the ten virgins ([Matthew 25:1-13](./01.md)) to tell his followers to be ready for him to return. His hearers could understand the parable because they knew Jewish wedding customs.<br><br>When the Jews arranged marriages, they would plan for the wedding to take place weeks or months later. At the proper time, the young man would go to his bride’s house, where she would be waiting for him. The wedding ceremony would take place, and then the man and his bride would travel to his home, where there would be a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>
MAT 25 1 em28 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus tells a parable about wise and foolish virgins to illustrate that his disciples should be prepared for his return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
MAT 25 1 pg5i figs-metonymy ὁμοιωθήσεται ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 the kingdom of heaven will be like Here “kingdom of heaven” refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase “kingdom of heaven” is used only in Matthew. If possible, use “heaven” in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “when our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAT 25 1 uhj1 λαμπάδας 1 lamps These could have been 1) lamps or 2) torches made by putting cloth around the end of a stick and wetting the cloth with oil.
MAT 25 1 uhj1 λαμπάδας 1 lamps These could have been (1) lamps or (2) torches made by putting cloth around the end of a stick and wetting the cloth with oil.
MAT 25 2 c8nf πέντε…ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 Five of them “Five of the virgins”
MAT 25 3 b37a οὐκ ἔλαβον μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν ἔλαιον 1 did not take any oil with them “had with them only the oil in their lamps”
MAT 25 5 r458 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story.
@ -2527,12 +2527,12 @@ MAT 26 16 w1e4 ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδῷ 1 to betray him “to give hi
MAT 26 17 e7wc 0 Connecting Statement: This begins the account of Jesus celebrating the Passover with his disciples.
MAT 26 17 f3s2 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story.
MAT 26 18 hc78 figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὸν δεῖνα καὶ εἴπατε αὐτῷ, ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει, ὁ καιρός μου ἐγγύς ἐστιν; πρὸς σὲ ποιῶ τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου. 1 He said, “Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples.”’” This has quotations within quotations. You can state some of the direct quotations as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says to him, ‘My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples.’” or “He told his disciples to go into the city to a certain man and say to him that the Teacher’s time is at hand and he will keep the Passover with his disciples at that man’s house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
MAT 26 18 r4tg ὁ καιρός μου 1 My time Possible meanings are 1) “The time that I told you about” or 2) “The time God has set for me.”
MAT 26 18 a4i5 figs-idiom ἐγγύς ἐστιν 1 is near Possible meanings are 1) “is near” or 2) “has come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 26 18 r4tg ὁ καιρός μου 1 My time Possible meanings are (1) “The time that I told you about” or (2) “The time God has set for me.”
MAT 26 18 a4i5 figs-idiom ἐγγύς ἐστιν 1 is near Possible meanings are (1) “is near” or (2) “has come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 26 18 j9pz ποιῶ τὸ Πάσχα 1 I will keep the Passover “eat the Passover meal” or “celebrate the Passover by eating the special meal”
MAT 26 20 bga4 ἀνέκειτο 1 he reclined to eat Use the word for the position people in your culture usually are in when they eat.
MAT 26 21 ehx6 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “I tell you the truth.” This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next.
MAT 26 22 n12r figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Κύριε? 1 Surely not I, Lord? “I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?” Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question since the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. Alternate translation: “Lord, I would never betray you!” or 2) this was a sincere question since Jesus’ statement probably troubled and confused them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 26 22 n12r figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Κύριε? 1 Surely not I, Lord? “I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?” Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question since the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. Alternate translation: “Lord, I would never betray you!” or (2) this was a sincere question since Jesus’ statement probably troubled and confused them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 26 24 n7dw figs-123person ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAT 26 24 x2n9 figs-euphemism ὑπάγει 1 will go Here “go” is a polite way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: “will go to his death” or “will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
MAT 26 24 vix3 figs-activepassive καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 just as it is written about him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as the prophets wrote about him in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2635,7 +2635,7 @@ MAT 26 63 mm28 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1
MAT 26 63 lry9 τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 the living God Here “living” contrasts the God of Israel to all the false gods and idols that people worshiped. Only the God of Israel is alive and has power to act. See how you translated this in [Matthew 16:16](../16/16.md).
MAT 26 64 gi6v figs-idiom σὺ εἶπας 1 You have said it yourself This is an idiom that Jesus uses to mean “yes” without being completely clear about what he means. Alternate translation: “You are saying it” or “You are admitting it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 26 64 zu47 figs-you πλὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπ’ ἄρτι ὄψεσθε 1 But I tell you, from now on you will see Here “you” is plural. Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other persons there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MAT 26 64 ll8r ἀπ’ ἄρτι ὄψεσθε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 from now on you will see the Son of Man Possible meanings are 1) the phrase “from now on” is an idiom that means they will see the Son of Man in his power at some time in the future or 2) the phrase “from now on” means that from the time of Jesus’ trial and onward, Jesus is showing himself to be the Messiah who is powerful and victorious.
MAT 26 64 ll8r ἀπ’ ἄρτι ὄψεσθε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 from now on you will see the Son of Man Possible meanings are (1) the phrase “from now on” is an idiom that means they will see the Son of Man in his power at some time in the future or (2) the phrase “from now on” means that from the time of Jesus’ trial and onward, Jesus is showing himself to be the Messiah who is powerful and victorious.
MAT 26 64 b6cb figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself in third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAT 26 64 p5px figs-metonymy καθήμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως 1 sitting at the right hand of the Power Here “Power” is metonym that represents God. To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “sitting in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MAT 26 64 urp9 ἐρχόμενον ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 coming on the clouds of heaven “riding to earth on the clouds of heaven”
@ -2643,7 +2643,7 @@ MAT 26 65 srg6 translate-symaction ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν
MAT 26 65 qq51 figs-explicit ἐβλασφήμησεν 1 He has spoken blasphemy The reason the high priest called Jesus’ statement blasphemy is probably that he understood Jesus’ words in [Matthew 26:64](../26/64.md) as a claim to be equal with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 26 65 t68t figs-rquestion τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων? 1 Why do we still need witnesses? The high priest uses this question to emphasize that he and the members of the council do not need to hear from any more witnesses. Alternate translation: “We do not need to hear from any more witnesses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 26 65 wh4h figs-you νῦν ἠκούσατε 1 now you have heard Here “you” is plural and refers to the members of the council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MAT 26 67 adc2 τότε ἐνέπτυσαν 1 Then they spit Possible meanings are 1) “Then some of the men” or 2) “Then the soldiers.”
MAT 26 67 adc2 τότε ἐνέπτυσαν 1 Then they spit Possible meanings are (1) “Then some of the men” or (2) “Then the soldiers.”
MAT 26 67 g1c2 ἐνέπτυσαν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ 1 they spit in his face This was done as an insult.
MAT 26 68 f2bj προφήτευσον ἡμῖν 1 Prophesy to us Here “Prophesy to us” means to tell by means of God’s power. It does not mean to tell what will happen in the future.
MAT 26 68 b5xe figs-irony Χριστέ 1 Christ Those hitting Jesus do not really think he is the Christ. They call him this to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -2671,7 +2671,7 @@ MAT 27 3 v9vj figs-activepassive ὅτι κατεκρίθη 1 that Jesus had bee
MAT 27 3 pe4n τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια 1 the thirty pieces of silver This was the money that the chief priests had given Judas to betray Jesus. See how you translated it in [Matthew 26:15](../26/15.md).
MAT 27 4 f6u8 figs-idiom αἷμα ἀθῷον 1 innocent blood This is an idiom that refers to the death of an innocent person. Alternate translation: “a person who does not deserve to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 27 4 mf6b figs-rquestion τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς? 1 What is that to us? The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that they do not care about what Judas said. Alternate translation: “That is not our problem!” or “That is your problem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 27 5 tuh4 ῥίψας τὰ ἀργύρια εἰς τὸν ναὸν 1 he threw down the pieces of silver in the temple Possible meanings are 1) he threw the pieces of silver while in the temple courtyard, or 2) he was standing in the temple courtyard, and he threw the pieces of silver into the temple.
MAT 27 5 tuh4 ῥίψας τὰ ἀργύρια εἰς τὸν ναὸν 1 he threw down the pieces of silver in the temple Possible meanings are (1) he threw the pieces of silver while in the temple courtyard, or (2) he was standing in the temple courtyard, and he threw the pieces of silver into the temple.
MAT 27 6 r5r9 οὐκ ἔξεστιν βαλεῖν αὐτὰ 1 It is not lawful to put this “Our laws do not allow us to put this”
MAT 27 6 ce2x βαλεῖν αὐτὰ 1 to put this “put this silver”
MAT 27 6 gtp3 figs-explicit τὸν κορβανᾶν 1 the treasury This is the place they kept the money they used to provide for things needed for the temple and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2687,7 +2687,7 @@ MAT 27 10 c2ch συνέταξέν μοι 1 had directed me Here “me” refers
MAT 27 11 pjc5 0 Connecting Statement: This continues the story of Jesus’ trial before Pilate, which began in [Matthew 27:2](../27/02.md).
MAT 27 11 we3a δὲ 1 Now If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break from the main story line, you may want to use it here.
MAT 27 11 a2e7 τοῦ ἡγεμόνος 1 the governor “Pilate”
MAT 27 11 a6cm figs-explicit αὐτῷ σὺ λέγεις 1 It is as you say Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 27 11 a6cm figs-explicit αὐτῷ σὺ λέγεις 1 It is as you say Possible meanings are (1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” or (2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 27 12 vl3a figs-activepassive καὶ ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But when the chief priests and elders accused him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 27 13 wn2r figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀκούεις πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 Do you not hear all the charges against you? Pilate asks this question because he is surprised that Jesus remains silent. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you do not answer these people who accuse you of doing bad things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAT 27 14 hbm8 οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ πρὸς οὐδὲ ἓν ῥῆμα, ὥστε θαυμάζειν τὸν ἡγεμόνα λίαν 1 did not answer him even one charge, so that the governor was greatly amazed “did not say even one word; this greatly amazed the governor.” This is an emphatic way of saying that Jesus was completely silent.
@ -2737,7 +2737,7 @@ MAT 27 38 zq4b figs-activepassive τότε σταυροῦνται σὺν αὐ
MAT 27 39 d4fm translate-symaction κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν 1 shaking their heads They did this to make fun of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MAT 27 40 t23i figs-explicit εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross They did not believe that Jesus is the Son of God, so they wanted him to prove it if it was true. Alternate translation: “If you are the Son of God, prove it by coming down from the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 27 40 b5lw guidelines-sonofgodprinciples υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for the Christ that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MAT 27 42 ff4d figs-irony ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι 1 He saved others, but he cannot save himself Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus saved others or that he can save himself, or 2) they believe he did save others but are laughing at him because now he cannot save himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MAT 27 42 ff4d figs-irony ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι 1 He saved others, but he cannot save himself Possible meanings are (1) the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus saved others or that he can save himself, or (2) they believe he did save others but are laughing at him because now he cannot save himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MAT 27 42 j6l7 figs-irony Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, 1 He is the King of Israel! The leaders are mocking Jesus. They call him “King of Israel,” but they do not really believe he is king. Alternate translation: “He says that he is the King of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MAT 27 43 w46n 0 Connecting Statement: The Jewish leaders continue mocking Jesus.
MAT 27 43 cl97 figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν γὰρ, ὅτι Θεοῦ εἰμι Υἱός. 1 For he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For Jesus even said that he is the Son of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
@ -2748,7 +2748,7 @@ MAT 27 45 s2l7 ἀπὸ…ἕκτης ὥρας…ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτη
MAT 27 45 pi8e figs-abstractnouns σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν 1 darkness came over the whole land The word “darkness” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “it became dark over the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAT 27 46 qyp7 ἀνεβόησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus cried out “Jesus called out” or “Jesus shouted”
MAT 27 46 xub2 translate-transliterate Ἐλωῒ, Ἐλωῒ, λεμὰ σαβαχθάνει 1 Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani These words are what Jesus cried out in his own language. Translators usually leave these words as is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
MAT 27 48 jm37 εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 one of them Possible meanings are 1) one of the soldiers or 2) one of those who stood by and watched.
MAT 27 48 jm37 εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 one of them Possible meanings are (1) one of the soldiers or (2) one of those who stood by and watched.
MAT 27 48 bsy1 σπόγγον 1 a sponge This is a sea animal that is harvested and used to take up and hold liquids. These liquids can later be pushed out.
MAT 27 48 ny3e ἐπότιζεν αὐτόν 1 gave it to him to drink “gave it to Jesus”
MAT 27 50 fj1v figs-euphemism ἀφῆκεν τὸ πνεῦμα 1 gave up his spirit Here “spirit” refers to that which gives life to a person. This phrase is a way of saying that Jesus died. Alternate translation: “he died, giving his spirit over to God” or “he breathed his last breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -2758,7 +2758,7 @@ MAT 27 51 m1ic figs-activepassive τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ
MAT 27 52 a1cu figs-activepassive καὶ τὰ μνημεῖα ἀνεῴχθησαν, καὶ πολλὰ σώματα τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἁγίων ἠγέρθη 1 The tombs were opened, and the bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God opened the tombs and raised the bodies of many godly people who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 27 52 kj3r figs-idiom σώματα τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἁγίων ἠγέρθη 1 the bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised Here to raise is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God put life back into to the dead bodies of many godly people who had fallen asleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAT 27 52 hgn1 figs-euphemism κεκοιμημένων 1 who had fallen asleep This is a polite way of referring to dying. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
MAT 27 53 q2x5 καὶ ἐξελθόντες ἐκ…ἐνεφανίσθησαν πολλοῖς 1 They came out…appeared to many The order of the events that Matthew describes (beginning with the words “The tombs were opened” in verse 52) is unclear. After the earthquake when Jesus died and the tombs were opened 1) the holy people came back to life, and then, after Jesus came back to life, the holy people entered Jerusalem, where many people saw them, or 2) Jesus came back to life, and then the holy ones came back to life and entered the city, where many people saw them.
MAT 27 53 q2x5 καὶ ἐξελθόντες ἐκ…ἐνεφανίσθησαν πολλοῖς 1 They came out…appeared to many The order of the events that Matthew describes (beginning with the words “The tombs were opened” in verse 52) is unclear. After the earthquake when Jesus died and the tombs were opened (1) the holy people came back to life, and then, after Jesus came back to life, the holy people entered Jerusalem, where many people saw them, or (2) Jesus came back to life, and then the holy ones came back to life and entered the city, where many people saw them.
MAT 27 54 f6rz δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story.
MAT 27 54 vv2g figs-explicit οἱ…τηροῦντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 those who were watching Jesus “those who were guarding Jesus.” This refers to the other soldiers who were guarding Jesus with the centurion. Alternate translation: “the other soldiers with him who were guarding Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 27 54 gw6n guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Υἱὸς 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -2781,7 +2781,7 @@ MAT 27 64 t78s figs-quotesinquotes ἐλθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐ
MAT 27 64 c7bf ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To rise from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
MAT 27 64 u5tg figs-ellipsis καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἐσχάτη πλάνη χείρων τῆς πρώτης 1 and the last deception will be worse than the first The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and if they deceive people by saying that, it will be worse than the way he deceived people before when he said that he was the Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MAT 27 65 dkq9 κουστωδίαν 1 a guard This consisted of four to sixteen Roman soldiers.
MAT 27 66 pk1q σφραγίσαντες τὸν λίθον 1 sealing the stone Possible meanings are 1) they put a cord around the stone and attached it to the rock wall on either side of the entrance to the tomb or 2) they put seals between the stone and the wall.
MAT 27 66 pk1q σφραγίσαντες τὸν λίθον 1 sealing the stone Possible meanings are (1) they put a cord around the stone and attached it to the rock wall on either side of the entrance to the tomb or (2) they put seals between the stone and the wall.
MAT 27 66 e8uf μετὰ τῆς κουστωδίας 1 placing the guard “telling the soldiers to stand where they could keep people from tampering with the tomb”
MAT 28 intro psw9 0 # Matthew 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Matthew 28:1](../../mat/28/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>### “Make disciples”<br><br>The last two verses ([Matthew 28:19-20](./19.md)) are commonly known as “The Great Commission” because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to “make disciples” by going to people, sharing the gospel with them and training them to live as Christians.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### An angel of the Lord<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels looked human. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md))<br>
MAT 28 1 anr1 0 Connecting Statement: This begins the account of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead.
@ -2789,7 +2789,7 @@ MAT 28 1 qkn8 ὀψὲ δὲ Σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ
MAT 28 1 gs43 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story.
MAT 28 1 zu2b ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία 1 the other Mary “the other woman named Mary.” This is Mary the mother of James and Joseph ([Matthew 27:56](../27/56.md)).
MAT 28 2 j25i ἰδοὺ 1 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Your language may have a way of doing this.
MAT 28 2 l4s2 σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας; ἄγγελος γὰρ Κυρίου καταβὰς…ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον 1 there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended…rolled away the stone Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake happened because the angel came down and rolled away the stone or 2) all these events happened at the same time .
MAT 28 2 l4s2 σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας; ἄγγελος γὰρ Κυρίου καταβὰς…ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον 1 there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended…rolled away the stone Possible meanings are (1) the earthquake happened because the angel came down and rolled away the stone or (2) all these events happened at the same time .
MAT 28 2 s43v σεισμὸς 1 earthquake a sudden and violent shaking of the ground
MAT 28 3 vfh4 ἡ εἰδέα αὐτοῦ 1 His appearance “The angel’s appearance”
MAT 28 3 p12y figs-simile ἦν…ὡς ἀστραπὴ 1 was like lightning This is a simile that emphasizes how bright in appearance the angel was. Alternate translation: “was bright like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2820,7 +2820,7 @@ MAT 28 15 yu3c figs-activepassive ἐποίησαν ὡς ἐδιδάχθησα
MAT 28 15 cp7r ὁ λόγος οὗτος παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις μέχρι τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας 1 This report spread widely among the Jews and continues even today “Many Jews heard this report and continue to tell others about it even today”
MAT 28 15 vp3a μέχρι τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας 1 even until today This refers to the time Matthew wrote the book.
MAT 28 16 h1ln 0 Connecting Statement: This begins the account of Jesus meeting with his disciples after his resurrection.
MAT 28 17 pze9 προσεκύνησαν, οἱ δὲ ἐδίστασαν 1 they worshiped him, but some doubted Possible meanings are 1) they all worshiped Jesus even though some of them doubted, or 2) some of them worshiped Jesus, but others did not worship him because they doubted.
MAT 28 17 pze9 προσεκύνησαν, οἱ δὲ ἐδίστασαν 1 they worshiped him, but some doubted Possible meanings are (1) they all worshiped Jesus even though some of them doubted, or (2) some of them worshiped Jesus, but others did not worship him because they doubted.
MAT 28 17 xgr5 figs-explicit οἱ δὲ ἐδίστασαν 1 but some doubted It can be stated explicitly what the disciples doubted. Alternate translation: “some doubted that he was really Jesus and that he had become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAT 28 18 v37p figs-activepassive ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 All authority has been given to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My Father has given me all authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAT 28 18 sm35 figs-merism ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 in heaven and on earth Here “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean everyone and everything in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ MRK 1 7 iz8v κύψας 1 stoop down “bend down”
MRK 1 8 e4qi figs-metaphor αὐτὸς δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ 1 but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit This metaphor compares John’s baptism with water to the future baptism with the Holy Spirit. This means John’s baptism only symbolically cleanses people of their sins. The baptism by the Holy Spirit will truly cleanse people of their sins. If possible, use the same word for “baptize” here as you used for John’s baptism to keep the comparison between the two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 1 9 u65k writing-newevent ἐγένετο ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 It happened in those days This marks the beginning of a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
MRK 1 9 gi39 figs-activepassive ἐβαπτίσθη…ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου 1 he was baptized by John This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “John baptized him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 1 10 m5f6 figs-simile τὸ Πνεῦμα ὡς περιστερὰν καταβαῖνον ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 the Spirit coming down on him like a dove Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MRK 1 10 m5f6 figs-simile τὸ Πνεῦμα ὡς περιστερὰν καταβαῖνον ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 the Spirit coming down on him like a dove Possible meanings are (1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or (2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MRK 1 11 e6ke figs-metonymy φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν 1 A voice came out of the heavens This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate translation: “God spoke from the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
MRK 1 11 s6f4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός…ὁ ἀγαπητός 1 beloved Son This is an important title for Jesus. The Father calls Jesus his “beloved Son” because of his eternal love for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MRK 1 12 yv6v 0 Connecting Statement: After Jesus’ baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples.
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ MRK 1 43 iw7t 0 General Information: The word “him” used here refers to th
MRK 1 44 a7hs ὅρα μηδενὶ, μηδὲν εἴπῃς 1 Be sure to say nothing to anyone “Be sure to not say anything to anyone”
MRK 1 44 xhu8 figs-explicit σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ 1 show yourself to the priest Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. The law of Moses required people to present themselves to the priest if they had been unclean but were no longer unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 1 44 w6b2 figs-synecdoche σεαυτὸν δεῖξον 1 show yourself The word “yourself” here represents the skin of the leper. Alternate translation: “show your skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MRK 1 44 ish7 μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 a testimony to them It is best to use the pronoun “them,” if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are 1) “a testimony to the priests” or 2) “a testimony to the people.”
MRK 1 44 ish7 μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 a testimony to them It is best to use the pronoun “them,” if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are (1) “a testimony to the priests” or (2) “a testimony to the people.”
MRK 1 45 m63p ὁ δὲ ἐξελθὼν 1 But he went out The word “he” refers to the man Jesus healed.
MRK 1 45 i91a figs-metaphor ἤρξατο…διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον 1 began to spread the news widely Here “spread the news widely” is a metaphor for telling people in many places about what had happened. Alternate translation: “began to tell people in many places about what Jesus had done” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 1 45 bn6r ὥστε 1 so much that The man spread the news so much that
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ MRK 2 3 n643 αἰρόμενον ὑπὸ τεσσάρων 1 he was carried by
MRK 2 3 c1vr φέροντες…παραλυτικὸν 1 bringing a paralyzed man “were bringing a man who was unable to walk or use his arms”
MRK 2 4 h3yn μὴ δυνάμενοι προσενέγκαι αὐτῷ 1 could not get near him “could not get close to where Jesus was”
MRK 2 4 v6ma ἀπεστέγασαν τὴν στέγην…χαλῶσι 1 they removed the roof…they lowered Houses where Jesus lived had flat roofs made of clay and covered with tiles. The process of making a hole in the roof can be explained more clearly or made more general so that it may be understood in your language. Alternate translation: “they removed the tiles from the part of the roof above where Jesus was. And when they had dug through the clay roof, they lowered” or “they made a hole in the roof above where Jesus was, and then they lowered”
MRK 2 5 trg9 figs-explicit ἰδὼν…τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν 1 Seeing their faith “Seeing the men’s faith.” Possible meanings are 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 2 5 trg9 figs-explicit ἰδὼν…τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν 1 Seeing their faith “Seeing the men’s faith.” Possible meanings are (1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or (2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 2 5 hzg6 figs-metaphor τέκνον 1 Child The word “Son” here shows Jesus cared for the man as a father cares for a son. Alternate translation: “My son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 2 5 vd3i ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 your sins are forgiven If possible translate this in such a way that Jesus does not clearly say who forgives the man’s sins. Alternate translation: “your sins are gone” or “you do not have to pay for your sins” or “your sins do not count against you”
MRK 2 6 le6v figs-metonymy διαλογιζόμενοι ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 1 reasoned in their hearts Here “their hearts” is a metonym for the people’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “were thinking to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ MRK 2 14 sc4g translate-names Λευεὶν τὸν τοῦ Ἁλφαίου 1 Le
MRK 2 15 udb2 0 Connecting Statement: It is now later in the day, and Jesus is at Levi’s house for a meal.
MRK 2 15 if3i τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Levi’s house “the home of Levi”
MRK 2 15 qf38 ἁμαρτωλοὶ 1 sinners people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins
MRK 2 15 bwv2 ἦσαν γὰρ πολλοὶ, καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ 1 for there were many and they followed him Possible meanings are 1) “for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus” or 2) “for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him.”
MRK 2 15 bwv2 ἦσαν γὰρ πολλοὶ, καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ 1 for there were many and they followed him Possible meanings are (1) “for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus” or (2) “for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him.”
MRK 2 16 b1bi figs-rquestion μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει? 1 Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners? The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus’ hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not eat with sinners and tax collectors!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MRK 2 17 ba3n 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus responds to what the scribes had said to his disciples about his eating with tax collectors and sinful people.
MRK 2 17 q8r6 λέγει αὐτοῖς 1 he said to them “he said to the scribes”
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ MRK 2 17 ca8h figs-irony οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους,
MRK 2 17 ca4e figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς 1 but sinners The words “I came to call” are understood from the phrase before this. Alternate translation: “but I came to call sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MRK 2 18 zkz9 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus tells parables to show why his disciples should not fast while he is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
MRK 2 18 f1ds οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύοντες…οἱ μαθηταὶ τῶν Φαρισαίων 1 the Pharisees were fasting…the disciples of the Pharisees These two phrases refer to the same group of people, but the second is more specific. Both refer to the followers of the Pharisee sect, but they do not focus on the leaders of the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “the disciples of the Pharisees were fasting…the disciples of the Pharisees”
MRK 2 18 z394 ἔρχονται 1 they came “Some men.” It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are 1) these men were not among John’s disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or 2) these men were among John’s disciples.
MRK 2 18 z394 ἔρχονται 1 they came “Some men.” It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are (1) these men were not among John’s disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or (2) these men were among John’s disciples.
MRK 2 18 vl3z ἔρχονται καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 they came and said to him “came and said to Jesus”
MRK 2 19 eke3 figs-rquestion μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐν ᾧ ὁ νυμφίος μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν νηστεύειν? 0 The wedding attendants cannot fast while the bridegroom is still with them, can they? Jesus uses this question to remind the people of something they already know and to encourage them to apply it to him and his disciples. Alternate translation: “Wedding attendants do not fast while the bridegroom is with them. Rather they celebrate and feast.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MRK 2 20 vg2u figs-activepassive ἀπαρθῇ…ὁ νυμφίος 1 the bridegroom will be taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the bridegroom will go away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ MRK 3 19 r3zs ὃς καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτόν 1 who also betrayed
MRK 3 20 jxr5 καὶ ἔρχεται εἰς οἶκον 1 Then he entered into a house “Then Jesus went to the house where he was staying.”
MRK 3 20 rq6k figs-synecdoche μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς μηδὲ ἄρτον φαγεῖν 1 they could not even eat bread The word “bread” represents food. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples could not eat at all” or “they could not eat anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MRK 3 21 bk6g ἐξῆλθον κρατῆσαι αὐτόν 1 they went out to seize him Members of his family went to the house, so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them.
MRK 3 21 uyl8 ἔλεγον γὰρ 1 for they said Possible meanings for the word “they” are 1) his relatives or 2) some people in the crowd.
MRK 3 21 uyl8 ἔλεγον γὰρ 1 for they said Possible meanings for the word “they” are (1) his relatives or (2) some people in the crowd.
MRK 3 21 mf5q figs-idiom ἐξέστη 1 out of his mind Jesus’ family uses this idiom to describe how they think he is acting. Alternate translation: “crazy” or “insane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MRK 3 22 yxd9 ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων, ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια 1 By the ruler of the demons he drives out demons “By the power of Beelzebul, who is the ruler of the demons, Jesus drives out demons”
MRK 3 23 ji69 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus explains with a parable why it is foolish for people to think that Jesus is controlled by Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ MRK 4 22 kc6k figs-parallelism οὐ…ἐστιν κρυπτὸν…οὐδὲ
MRK 4 23 k1a8 figs-metonymy εἴ τις ἔχει ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “ears to hear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Mark 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “If anyone is willing to listen, listen” or “If anyone is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 4 23 izg1 figs-123person εἴ τις…ἀκουέτω 1 If anyone…let him hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Mark 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MRK 4 24 r2r1 ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς 1 He said to them “Jesus said to the crowd”
MRK 4 24 zis1 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε 1 for with that measure you use Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or 2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of “understanding” as if it were “measuring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 4 24 zis1 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε 1 for with that measure you use Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or (2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of “understanding” as if it were “measuring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 4 24 c4xp figs-activepassive μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν, καὶ προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be measured to you, and more will be added to you. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will measure that amount for you, and he will add it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 4 25 i24l figs-activepassive δοθήσεται αὐτῷ…καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτο 1 to him will be given more…even that which he has will be taken from him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to him God will give more…from him God will take away” or “God will give more to him…God will take away from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 4 26 n1mq figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus then tells the people parables to explain the kingdom of God, which he later explains to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ MRK 5 33 b6kz figs-ellipsis εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθ
MRK 5 34 gbk8 θυγάτηρ 1 Daughter Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer.
MRK 5 34 a5qw ἡ πίστις σου 1 your faith “your faith in me”
MRK 5 35 kmm7 ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος 1 While he was speaking “While Jesus was speaking”
MRK 5 35 ld5e ἔρχονται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 some people came from the synagogue leader’s house Possible meanings are 1) these people had come from Jarius’ house or 2) Jairus had previously given these people orders to go see Jesus or 3) these people had been sent by the man who was presiding as the synagogue leader in Jairus’ absence.
MRK 5 35 ld5e ἔρχονται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 some people came from the synagogue leader’s house Possible meanings are (1) these people had come from Jarius’ house or (2) Jairus had previously given these people orders to go see Jesus or (3) these people had been sent by the man who was presiding as the synagogue leader in Jairus’ absence.
MRK 5 35 akl8 τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 the synagogue leader’s house The “leader of the synagogue” is Jairus.
MRK 5 35 ip1p λέγοντες 1 saying “synagogue, saying to Jairus”
MRK 5 35 t2wd figs-rquestion τί ἔτι σκύλλεις τὸν διδάσκαλον? 1 Why trouble the teacher any longer? This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is useless to bother the teacher any longer.” or “There no need to bother the teacher any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ MRK 6 40 e4cb translate-numbers πρασιαὶ, κατὰ ἑκατὸν κα
MRK 6 41 l8q3 ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 looking up to heaven This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives.
MRK 6 41 gr6v εὐλόγησεν 1 he blessed “he spoke a blessing” or “he gave thanks”
MRK 6 41 r49p καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας ἐμέρισεν πᾶσιν 1 He also divided the two fish among them all “he divided the two fish so that everyone could have some”
MRK 6 43 rq7a ἦραν 1 They took up Possible meaning are 1) “The disciples took up” or 2) “The people took up.”
MRK 6 43 rq7a ἦραν 1 They took up Possible meaning are (1) “The disciples took up” or (2) “The people took up.”
MRK 6 43 sk2v κλάσματα δώδεκα κοφίνων πληρώματα 1 twelve baskets full of broken pieces “twelve baskets full of broken pieces of bread”
MRK 6 43 xk9h translate-numbers δώδεκα κοφίνων 1 twelve baskets “12 baskets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MRK 6 44 v4m3 translate-numbers πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 five thousand men “5,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ MRK 6 55 wr7f figs-nominaladj τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας 1 those who
MRK 6 56 bjv5 ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο 1 wherever he entered “Wherever Jesus entered”
MRK 6 56 gi6y ἐτίθεσαν 1 they were putting Here “they” refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus’ disciples.
MRK 6 56 y6hs figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας 1 the sick This phrase refers to people. Alternate translation: “the sick people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
MRK 6 56 a3i3 παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 were begged him Possible meanings are 1) “The sick begged him” or 2) “The people begged him.”
MRK 6 56 a3i3 παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 were begged him Possible meanings are (1) “The sick begged him” or (2) “The people begged him.”
MRK 6 56 m366 ἅψωνται 1 touch The word “them” refers to the sick.
MRK 6 56 wd2u τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ 1 the edge of his garment “the hem of his robe” or “the edge of his clothes”
MRK 6 56 ugr3 ὅσοι ἂν 1 as many as “all those who”
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ MRK 7 29 sa9t figs-explicit ὕπαγε 1 go Jesus was implying that she no long
MRK 7 29 pa3u figs-explicit ἐξελήλυθεν τὸ δαιμόνιον, ἐκ τῆς θυγατρός σου 1 The demon has gone out of your daughter Jesus has caused the unclean spirit to leave the woman’s daughter. This can be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: “I have caused the evil spirit to leave your daughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 7 31 g44h 0 Connecting Statement: After healing people in Tyre, Jesus goes to the Sea of Galilee. There he heals a deaf man, which amazes the people.
MRK 7 31 k9gy πάλιν ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῶν ὁρίων Τύρου 1 went out again from the region of Tyre “left the region of Tyre”
MRK 7 31 paz4 ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων 1 up into the region Possible meanings are 1) “in the region” as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or 2) “through the region” as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea.
MRK 7 31 paz4 ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων 1 up into the region Possible meanings are (1) “in the region” as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or (2) “through the region” as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea.
MRK 7 31 cxa8 translate-names Δεκαπόλεως 1 Decapolis This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:20](../05/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MRK 7 32 bnq6 φέρουσιν 1 They brought “And people brought”
MRK 7 32 i5gy κωφὸν 1 someone who was deaf “who was not able to hear”
@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ MRK 8 intro ry56 0 # Mark 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this cha
MRK 8 1 sgv6 0 Connecting Statement: A great, hungry crowd is with Jesus. He feeds them using only seven loaves and a few fish before Jesus and his disciples get in a boat to go to another place.
MRK 8 1 rmd8 writing-newevent ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 In those days This phrase is used to introduce a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
MRK 8 2 h8v8 ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι, καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τι φάγωσιν 1 they continue to be with me already for three days and have nothing to eat “this is this third day these people have been with me, and they have nothing to eat”
MRK 8 3 u3mu figs-hyperbole ἐκλυθήσονται 1 they may faint Possible meanings are 1) literal, “they may lose consciousness temporarily” or 2) hyperbolic exaggeration, “they may become weak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
MRK 8 3 u3mu figs-hyperbole ἐκλυθήσονται 1 they may faint Possible meanings are (1) literal, “they may lose consciousness temporarily” or (2) hyperbolic exaggeration, “they may become weak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
MRK 8 4 jdk2 figs-rquestion πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπ’ ἐρημίας? 1 Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people? The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. Alternate translation: “This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MRK 8 4 b7tn ἄρτων 1 bread Loaves of bread are lumps of dough that have been shaped and baked.
MRK 8 5 m56c ἠρώτα αὐτούς 1 He asked them “Jesus asked his disciples”
@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ MRK 8 10 y8u3 figs-explicit ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ μέρη Δαλμανου
MRK 8 10 x33a translate-names Δαλμανουθά 1 Dalmanutha This is the name of a place on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MRK 8 11 cqy5 0 Connecting Statement: In Dalmanutha, Jesus refuses to give the Pharisees a sign before he and his disciples get in a boat and leave.
MRK 8 11 f9y8 ζητοῦντες παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 They sought from him “They asked him for”
MRK 8 11 zi91 figs-metonymy σημεῖον ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a sign from heaven They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus’ power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word “heaven” is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: “a sign from God” or 2) the word “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sign from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 8 11 zi91 figs-metonymy σημεῖον ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a sign from heaven They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus’ power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are (1) The word “heaven” is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: “a sign from God” or (2) the word “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sign from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 8 11 cl3q figs-explicit πειράζοντες αὐτόν 1 to test him The Pharisees tried to test Jesus to make him prove that he was from God. Some information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to prove that God had sent him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 8 12 sn5a ἀναστενάξας τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ 1 He sighed deeply in his spirit This means that he groaned or that he let out a long deep breath that could be heard. It probably shows Jesus’ deep sadness that the Pharisees refused to believe him. See how you translated this in [Mark 7:34](../07/34.md).
MRK 8 12 s8xl τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ 1 in his spirit “in himself”
@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ MRK 9 45 vj49 εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν χωλὸν 1 to e
MRK 9 45 r1dy figs-metaphor εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν 1 to enter into life Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. Alternate translation: “to enter into eternal life” or “to die and begin to live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 9 45 c2vw χωλὸν 1 lame “unable to walk easily.” Here it refers not being able to walk well because of missing a foot. Alternate translation: “without a foot” or “missing a foot”
MRK 9 45 tmd6 figs-activepassive βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν Γέενναν 1 be thrown into hell This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 9 47 n5tw figs-metonymy ἐὰν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζῃ σε, ἔκβαλε αὐτόν 1 If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out Here the word “eye” is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out” or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 9 47 n5tw figs-metonymy ἐὰν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζῃ σε, ἔκβαλε αὐτόν 1 If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out Here the word “eye” is a metonym for either (1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out” or (2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 9 47 e52s figs-explicit μονόφθαλμον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ δύο ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντα 1 to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes This refers to the state of a person’s physical body when he dies. A person does not take his physical body with him into eternity. Alternate translation: “to enter into the kingdom of God after having lived on earth with only one eye than to have lived on earth with two eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 9 47 r2gn figs-activepassive βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν Γέενναν 1 to be thrown into hell This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 9 48 uh4p figs-explicit ὅπου ὁ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ τελευτᾷ 1 where their worm does not die The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “where worms that eat people there do not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ MRK 10 40 pdc1 ἀλλ’ οἷς ἡτοίμασται 1 but it is for those f
MRK 10 40 eu9v figs-activepassive ἡτοίμασται 1 it has been prepared This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has prepared it” or “God has prepared them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 10 41 ad19 ἀκούσαντες, 1 When heard about this The word “this” refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus’ right and left hands.
MRK 10 42 sbk8 προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus called them to himself “Jesus called his disciples”
MRK 10 42 sfs9 figs-activepassive οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) people in general consider these people the rulers of the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “those whom people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles” or 2) the Gentiles consider these people their rulers. Alternate translation: “those whom the Gentiles think of as their rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 10 42 sfs9 figs-activepassive οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) people in general consider these people the rulers of the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “those whom people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles” or (2) the Gentiles consider these people their rulers. Alternate translation: “those whom the Gentiles think of as their rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 10 42 hme7 κατακυριεύουσιν 1 dominate have control or power over
MRK 10 42 zfr3 κατεξουσιάζουσιν 1 exercise authority over “flaunt their authority.” This means that they show or use their authority in an overbearing way.
MRK 10 43 zfz6 figs-explicit οὐχ οὕτως δέ ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν 1 But it shall not be this way among you This refers back to the previous verse about the Gentile rulers. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But do not be like them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ MRK 11 9 e2p6 figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 in the name of
MRK 11 9 el81 εὐλογημένος 1 Blessed is “May God bless”
MRK 11 10 a6b4 figs-explicit εὐλογημένη ἡ ἐρχομένη βασιλεία τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, Δαυείδ 1 Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David “Blessed is our father David’s coming kingdom.” This refers to Jesus coming and ruling as king. The word “blessed” can be translated as an active verb. Alternate translation: “Blessed be the coming of your kingdom” or “May God bless you as you rule your coming kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 11 10 diq8 figs-metonymy τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, Δαυείδ 1 of our father David Here David’s descendant who will rule is referred to as David himself. Alternate translation: “of the greatest descendant of our father David” or “that David’s greatest descendant will rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 11 10 b1si ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 Hosanna in the highest Possible meanings are 1) “Praise God who is in heaven” or 2) “Let those who are in heaven shout ‘Hosanna’.”
MRK 11 10 b1si ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 Hosanna in the highest Possible meanings are (1) “Praise God who is in heaven” or (2) “Let those who are in heaven shout ‘Hosanna’.”
MRK 11 10 vqm2 figs-metaphor τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 the highest Here heaven is spoken of as “the highest.” Alternate translation: “the highest heaven” or “heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 11 11 mz8r ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας 1 The hour was already late “because it was late in the day”
MRK 11 11 t5nv ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα 1 he went out to Bethany with the twelve “he and his twelve disciples left Jerusalem and went to Bethany”
@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ MRK 11 27 n3ei 0 Connecting Statement: The next day when Jesus returns to temp
MRK 11 27 s2ac ἔρχονται…εἰς 1 they came to “Jesus and his disciples came to”
MRK 11 27 alh5 ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ περιπατοῦντος αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus was walking in the temple This means that Jesus was walking around inside of the temple; he was not walking into the temple.
MRK 11 28 r3ik ἔλεγον αὐτῷ 1 They said to him The word “They” refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
MRK 11 28 se9b figs-parallelism ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? ἢ, τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην, ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῇς? 1 By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them? Possible meanings: 1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus’ authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: “Who gave you authority to do these things?” 2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MRK 11 28 se9b figs-parallelism ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? ἢ, τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην, ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῇς? 1 By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them? Possible meanings: (1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus’ authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: “Who gave you authority to do these things?” (2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MRK 11 28 p5u3 figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιεῖς 1 you do these things The words “these things” refer to Jesus turning over the sellers’ tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. Alternate translation: “things like those you did here yesterday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 11 29 v7q9 ἀποκρίθητέ μοι 1 Answer me “Answer me”
MRK 11 30 jj91 τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου 1 The baptism of John “The baptism that John performed”
@ -1100,9 +1100,9 @@ MRK 13 4 lw1n ὅταν…ταῦτα…πάντα 1 when all these things “t
MRK 13 5 fe42 λέγειν αὐτοῖς 1 to them “to his disciples”
MRK 13 5 u79c ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ 1 leads you astray Here “leads you astray” is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: “deceives you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 13 6 wv12 πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν 1 they will lead many astray Here “lead…astray” is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: “they will deceive many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 13 6 z63u figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name Possible meanings are 1) “claiming my authority” or 2) “claiming that God sent them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 13 6 z63u figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name Possible meanings are (1) “claiming my authority” or (2) “claiming that God sent them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 13 6 l7f9 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am he “I am the Christ”
MRK 13 7 fl5h ἀκούσητε πολέμους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων 1 hear of wars and rumors of wars “hear of wars and reports about wars.” Possible meanings are 1) “hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away” or 2) “hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start”
MRK 13 7 fl5h ἀκούσητε πολέμους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων 1 hear of wars and rumors of wars “hear of wars and reports about wars.” Possible meanings are (1) “hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away” or (2) “hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start”
MRK 13 7 d1k9 ἀλλ’ οὔπω τὸ τέλος 1 but the end is not yet “but it is not yet the end” or “but the end will not happen until later” or “but the end will be later”
MRK 13 7 mi4d figs-explicit τὸ τέλος 1 the end This probably refers to the end of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 13 8 xln4 figs-idiom ἐγερθήσεται…ἐπ’ 1 will rise against This idiom means to fight against one another. Alternate translation: “will fight against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ MRK 13 13 pk3g figs-activepassive ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ π
MRK 13 13 jhp6 figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 because of my name Jesus uses the metonym “my name” to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 13 13 w28q figs-activepassive ὁ…ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται 1 the one who endures to the end, that person will be saved This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever endures to the end, God will save that person” or “God will save whoever endures to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 13 13 c33n figs-explicit ὁ…ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος 1 the one who endures to the end Here “endures” represents continuing to be faithful to God even while suffering. Alternate translation: “whoever suffers and stays faithful to God to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 13 13 vcz4 εἰς τέλος 1 to the end Possible meanings are 1) “to the end of his life” or 2) “to the end of that time of trouble”
MRK 13 13 vcz4 εἰς τέλος 1 to the end Possible meanings are (1) “to the end of his life” or (2) “to the end of that time of trouble”
MRK 13 14 d4nw figs-metaphor τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως 1 the abomination of desolation This phrase is from the book of Daniel. His audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophecy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. Alternate translation: “the shameful thing that defiles the things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 13 14 vx3c figs-explicit ἑστηκότα ὅπου οὐ δεῖ 1 standing where it should not be Jesus’ audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “standing in the temple, where it should not be standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 13 14 ck7a figs-explicit ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω 1 let the reader understand This is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to get the readers’ attention, so that they would listen to this warning. Alternate translation: “may everyone who is reading this pay attention to this warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ MRK 13 24 zy2f figs-activepassive ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται 1 t
MRK 13 24 a3qv figs-personification ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς 1 the moon will not give its light Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. Alternate translation: “the moon will not shine” or “the moon will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MRK 13 25 z1sh figs-explicit οἱ ἀστέρες ἔσονται ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πίπτοντες 1 the stars will be falling from the sky This does not mean that they will fall to earth but that they will fall from where the are now. Alternate translation: “the stars will fall from their places in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 13 25 au6l figs-activepassive αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς σαλευθήσονται 1 the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the powers in the heavens will shake” or “God will shake the powers that are in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MRK 13 25 hge7 αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 the powers that are in the heavens “the powerful things in the heavens.” Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the sun, moon, and stars or 2) this refers to powerful spiritual beings
MRK 13 25 hge7 αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 the powers that are in the heavens “the powerful things in the heavens.” Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the sun, moon, and stars or (2) this refers to powerful spiritual beings
MRK 13 25 h5k1 ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 in the heavens “in the sky”
MRK 13 26 kl95 τότε ὄψονται 1 Then they will see “Then people will see”
MRK 13 26 h4z1 μετὰ δυνάμεως πολλῆς καὶ δόξης 1 with great power and glory “powerfully and gloriously”
@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ MRK 14 17 i1q1 figs-explicit ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα 1 he
MRK 14 18 cwl8 ἀνακειμένων 1 reclining at the table In Jesus’ culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table.
MRK 14 18 dg95 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md).
MRK 14 19 v3a1 εἷς κατὰ εἷς 1 one by one This means that “one at a time” each disciple asked him.
MRK 14 19 f13p figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγώ? 1 Surely not I? Possible meanings are 1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be no or 2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. Alternate translation: “Surely I am not the one who will betray you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 14 19 f13p figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγώ? 1 Surely not I? Possible meanings are (1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be no or (2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. Alternate translation: “Surely I am not the one who will betray you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 14 20 b25j εἷς τῶν δώδεκα 1 It is one of the twelve, the one now “He is one of the twelve of you, the one now”
MRK 14 20 htn4 ἐμβαπτόμενος μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον 1 dipping bread with me in the bowl In Jesus’ culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs.
MRK 14 21 q5l3 ὅτι ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει, καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 For the Son of Man will go the way that the scripture says about him Here Jesus refers to the scriptures prophesying about his death. If you have a polite way to talk about death in your language, use it here. Alternate translation: “For the Son of Man will die in the way that the scriptures say”
@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ MRK 14 24 q5hn figs-explicit τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τ
MRK 14 24 hs24 writing-symlanguage τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου 1 This is my blood “This wine is my blood.” Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus’ blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
MRK 14 25 i9yk ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md).
MRK 14 25 t7ai τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 the fruit of the vine “wine.” This is a descriptive way to refer to wine.
MRK 14 25 y1pf καινὸν 1 new Possible meanings are 1) “again” or 2) “in a new way”
MRK 14 25 y1pf καινὸν 1 new Possible meanings are (1) “again” or (2) “in a new way”
MRK 14 26 l996 ὑμνήσαντες 1 When they had sung a hymn A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament psalm.
MRK 14 27 pu4s λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus said to them “Jesus said to his disciples”
MRK 14 27 lty4 figs-idiom σκανδαλισθήσεσθε 1 will fall away This is an idiom that means leave. Alternate translation: “will leave me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ MRK 14 60 d7i8 0 Connecting Statement: When Jesus answers that he is the Chris
MRK 14 60 q2u1 figs-explicit ἀναστὰς…εἰς μέσον 1 stood up among them Jesus stands up in the middle of the angry crowd to speak to them. Translate this to show who was present when Jesus stood up to speak. Alternate translation: “stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 14 60 af5e figs-explicit οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν? τί οὗτοί σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 Do you not answer? What is it they testify against you? The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. Alternate translation: “Are you not going to reply? What do you say in response to the testimony these men are speaking against you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 14 61 x6ey figs-nominaladj ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Εὐλογητοῦ 1 the Son of the Blessed One Here God is called “the Blessed.” It is best to translate “Son” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a “son” of a human father. Alternate translation: “the Son of the Blessed One” or “the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
MRK 14 62 z5rv ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am This likely has a double meaning: 1) to respond to the high priest’s question and 2) to call himself “I Am,” which is what God called himself in the Old Testament.
MRK 14 62 z5rv ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am This likely has a double meaning: (1) to respond to the high priest’s question and (2) to call himself “I Am,” which is what God called himself in the Old Testament.
MRK 14 62 e1xd figs-metonymy ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως 1 he sits at the right hand of power Here “power” is a metonnymm that represents God. To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sits in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MRK 14 62 z55c figs-metaphor ἐρχόμενον μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 comes with the clouds of heaven Here the clouds are described as accompanying Jesus when he returns. Alternate translation: “when he comes down through the clouds in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MRK 14 63 jz48 διαρρήξας τοὺς χιτῶνας αὐτοῦ 1 tore his garments The high priest tore his clothes purposefully to show his outrage and horror at what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: “tore his garments in outrage”
@ -1336,7 +1336,7 @@ MRK 15 intro d823 0 # Mark 15 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this ch
MRK 15 1 mps2 0 Connecting Statement: When the chief priests, the elders, the scribes, and the council gave Jesus over to Pilate, they accused Jesus of doing many bad things. When Pilate asked if what they said was true, Jesus did not answer him.
MRK 15 1 xz7c figs-metonymy δήσαντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀπήνεγκαν 1 bound Jesus and led him away They commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. Alternate translation: “they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away” or “they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MRK 15 1 v2yf παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ 1 They handed him over to Pilate They had Jesus led to Pilate and transferred control of Jesus over to him.
MRK 15 2 dh6n figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” or 2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 15 2 dh6n figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are (1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” or (2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MRK 15 3 ue18 κατηγόρουν αὐτοῦ…πολλά 1 were accusing him of many things “were accusing Jesus of many things” or “were saying that Jesus had done many bad things”
MRK 15 4 c9uc ὁ δὲ Πειλᾶτος πάλιν ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν 1 So Pilate again asked him “Pilate asked Jesus again”
MRK 15 4 s2as οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν? 1 Do you not answer at all? This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Do you have an answer”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
21 MRK 1 8 e4qi figs-metaphor αὐτὸς δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ 1 but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit This metaphor compares John’s baptism with water to the future baptism with the Holy Spirit. This means John’s baptism only symbolically cleanses people of their sins. The baptism by the Holy Spirit will truly cleanse people of their sins. If possible, use the same word for “baptize” here as you used for John’s baptism to keep the comparison between the two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22 MRK 1 9 u65k writing-newevent ἐγένετο ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 It happened in those days This marks the beginning of a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
23 MRK 1 9 gi39 figs-activepassive ἐβαπτίσθη…ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου 1 he was baptized by John This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “John baptized him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24 MRK 1 10 m5f6 figs-simile τὸ Πνεῦμα ὡς περιστερὰν καταβαῖνον ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 the Spirit coming down on him like a dove Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or (2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25 MRK 1 11 e6ke figs-metonymy φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν 1 A voice came out of the heavens This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate translation: “God spoke from the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
26 MRK 1 11 s6f4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός…ὁ ἀγαπητός 1 beloved Son This is an important title for Jesus. The Father calls Jesus his “beloved Son” because of his eternal love for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
27 MRK 1 12 yv6v 0 Connecting Statement: After Jesus’ baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples.
77 MRK 1 44 a7hs ὅρα μηδενὶ, μηδὲν εἴπῃς 1 Be sure to say nothing to anyone “Be sure to not say anything to anyone”
78 MRK 1 44 xhu8 figs-explicit σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ 1 show yourself to the priest Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. The law of Moses required people to present themselves to the priest if they had been unclean but were no longer unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79 MRK 1 44 w6b2 figs-synecdoche σεαυτὸν δεῖξον 1 show yourself The word “yourself” here represents the skin of the leper. Alternate translation: “show your skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
80 MRK 1 44 ish7 μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 a testimony to them It is best to use the pronoun “them,” if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are 1) “a testimony to the priests” or 2) “a testimony to the people.” It is best to use the pronoun “them,” if possible, in your language. Possible meanings are (1) “a testimony to the priests” or (2) “a testimony to the people.”
81 MRK 1 45 m63p ὁ δὲ ἐξελθὼν 1 But he went out The word “he” refers to the man Jesus healed.
82 MRK 1 45 i91a figs-metaphor ἤρξατο…διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον 1 began to spread the news widely Here “spread the news widely” is a metaphor for telling people in many places about what had happened. Alternate translation: “began to tell people in many places about what Jesus had done” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83 MRK 1 45 bn6r ὥστε 1 so much that The man spread the news so much that
94 MRK 2 3 c1vr φέροντες…παραλυτικὸν 1 bringing a paralyzed man “were bringing a man who was unable to walk or use his arms”
95 MRK 2 4 h3yn μὴ δυνάμενοι προσενέγκαι αὐτῷ 1 could not get near him “could not get close to where Jesus was”
96 MRK 2 4 v6ma ἀπεστέγασαν τὴν στέγην…χαλῶσι 1 they removed the roof…they lowered Houses where Jesus lived had flat roofs made of clay and covered with tiles. The process of making a hole in the roof can be explained more clearly or made more general so that it may be understood in your language. Alternate translation: “they removed the tiles from the part of the roof above where Jesus was. And when they had dug through the clay roof, they lowered” or “they made a hole in the roof above where Jesus was, and then they lowered”
97 MRK 2 5 trg9 figs-explicit ἰδὼν…τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν 1 Seeing their faith “Seeing the men’s faith.” Possible meanings are 1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or 2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) “Seeing the men’s faith.” Possible meanings are (1) that only the men who carried the paralyzed man had faith or (2) that the paralyzed man and the men who brought him to Jesus all had faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98 MRK 2 5 hzg6 figs-metaphor τέκνον 1 Child The word “Son” here shows Jesus cared for the man as a father cares for a son. Alternate translation: “My son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
99 MRK 2 5 vd3i ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 your sins are forgiven If possible translate this in such a way that Jesus does not clearly say who forgives the man’s sins. Alternate translation: “your sins are gone” or “you do not have to pay for your sins” or “your sins do not count against you”
100 MRK 2 6 le6v figs-metonymy διαλογιζόμενοι ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 1 reasoned in their hearts Here “their hearts” is a metonym for the people’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “were thinking to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115 MRK 2 15 udb2 0 Connecting Statement: It is now later in the day, and Jesus is at Levi’s house for a meal.
116 MRK 2 15 if3i τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Levi’s house “the home of Levi”
117 MRK 2 15 qf38 ἁμαρτωλοὶ 1 sinners people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins
118 MRK 2 15 bwv2 ἦσαν γὰρ πολλοὶ, καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ 1 for there were many and they followed him Possible meanings are 1) “for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus” or 2) “for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him.” Possible meanings are (1) “for there were many tax collectors and sinful people who followed Jesus” or (2) “for Jesus had many disciples and they followed him.”
119 MRK 2 16 b1bi figs-rquestion μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει? 1 Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners? The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus’ hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not eat with sinners and tax collectors!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
120 MRK 2 17 ba3n 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus responds to what the scribes had said to his disciples about his eating with tax collectors and sinful people.
121 MRK 2 17 q8r6 λέγει αὐτοῖς 1 he said to them “he said to the scribes”
125 MRK 2 17 ca4e figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς 1 but sinners The words “I came to call” are understood from the phrase before this. Alternate translation: “but I came to call sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
126 MRK 2 18 zkz9 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus tells parables to show why his disciples should not fast while he is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
127 MRK 2 18 f1ds οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύοντες…οἱ μαθηταὶ τῶν Φαρισαίων 1 the Pharisees were fasting…the disciples of the Pharisees These two phrases refer to the same group of people, but the second is more specific. Both refer to the followers of the Pharisee sect, but they do not focus on the leaders of the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “the disciples of the Pharisees were fasting…the disciples of the Pharisees”
128 MRK 2 18 z394 ἔρχονται 1 they came “Some men.” It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are 1) these men were not among John’s disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or 2) these men were among John’s disciples. “Some men.” It is best to translate this phrase without specifying exactly who these men are. If in your language you have to be more specific, the possible meanings are (1) these men were not among John’s disciples or the disciples of the Pharisees or (2) these men were among John’s disciples.
129 MRK 2 18 vl3z ἔρχονται καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 they came and said to him “came and said to Jesus”
130 MRK 2 19 eke3 figs-rquestion μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐν ᾧ ὁ νυμφίος μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν νηστεύειν? 0 The wedding attendants cannot fast while the bridegroom is still with them, can they? Jesus uses this question to remind the people of something they already know and to encourage them to apply it to him and his disciples. Alternate translation: “Wedding attendants do not fast while the bridegroom is with them. Rather they celebrate and feast.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131 MRK 2 20 vg2u figs-activepassive ἀπαρθῇ…ὁ νυμφίος 1 the bridegroom will be taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the bridegroom will go away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
204 MRK 3 20 jxr5 καὶ ἔρχεται εἰς οἶκον 1 Then he entered into a house “Then Jesus went to the house where he was staying.”
205 MRK 3 20 rq6k figs-synecdoche μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς μηδὲ ἄρτον φαγεῖν 1 they could not even eat bread The word “bread” represents food. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples could not eat at all” or “they could not eat anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
206 MRK 3 21 bk6g ἐξῆλθον κρατῆσαι αὐτόν 1 they went out to seize him Members of his family went to the house, so that they could take hold of him and force him to go home with them.
207 MRK 3 21 uyl8 ἔλεγον γὰρ 1 for they said Possible meanings for the word “they” are 1) his relatives or 2) some people in the crowd. Possible meanings for the word “they” are (1) his relatives or (2) some people in the crowd.
208 MRK 3 21 mf5q figs-idiom ἐξέστη 1 out of his mind Jesus’ family uses this idiom to describe how they think he is acting. Alternate translation: “crazy” or “insane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
209 MRK 3 22 yxd9 ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων, ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια 1 By the ruler of the demons he drives out demons “By the power of Beelzebul, who is the ruler of the demons, Jesus drives out demons”
210 MRK 3 23 ji69 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus explains with a parable why it is foolish for people to think that Jesus is controlled by Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
278 MRK 4 23 k1a8 figs-metonymy εἴ τις ἔχει ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “ears to hear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Mark 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “If anyone is willing to listen, listen” or “If anyone is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
279 MRK 4 23 izg1 figs-123person εἴ τις…ἀκουέτω 1 If anyone…let him hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Mark 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
280 MRK 4 24 r2r1 ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς 1 He said to them “Jesus said to the crowd”
281 MRK 4 24 zis1 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε 1 for with that measure you use Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or 2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of “understanding” as if it were “measuring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is talking about a literal measure and giving generously to others or (2) this is a metaphor in which Jesus speaks of “understanding” as if it were “measuring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
282 MRK 4 24 c4xp figs-activepassive μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν, καὶ προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be measured to you, and more will be added to you. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will measure that amount for you, and he will add it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
283 MRK 4 25 i24l figs-activepassive δοθήσεται αὐτῷ…καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτο 1 to him will be given more…even that which he has will be taken from him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to him God will give more…from him God will take away” or “God will give more to him…God will take away from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
284 MRK 4 26 n1mq figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus then tells the people parables to explain the kingdom of God, which he later explains to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
371 MRK 5 34 gbk8 θυγάτηρ 1 Daughter Jesus was using this term figuratively to refer to the woman as a believer.
372 MRK 5 34 a5qw ἡ πίστις σου 1 your faith “your faith in me”
373 MRK 5 35 kmm7 ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος 1 While he was speaking “While Jesus was speaking”
374 MRK 5 35 ld5e ἔρχονται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 some people came from the synagogue leader’s house Possible meanings are 1) these people had come from Jarius’ house or 2) Jairus had previously given these people orders to go see Jesus or 3) these people had been sent by the man who was presiding as the synagogue leader in Jairus’ absence. Possible meanings are (1) these people had come from Jarius’ house or (2) Jairus had previously given these people orders to go see Jesus or (3) these people had been sent by the man who was presiding as the synagogue leader in Jairus’ absence.
375 MRK 5 35 akl8 τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 the synagogue leader’s house The “leader of the synagogue” is Jairus.
376 MRK 5 35 ip1p λέγοντες 1 saying “synagogue, saying to Jairus”
377 MRK 5 35 t2wd figs-rquestion τί ἔτι σκύλλεις τὸν διδάσκαλον? 1 Why trouble the teacher any longer? This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is useless to bother the teacher any longer.” or “There no need to bother the teacher any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
461 MRK 6 41 l8q3 ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 looking up to heaven This means that he looked up toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives.
462 MRK 6 41 gr6v εὐλόγησεν 1 he blessed “he spoke a blessing” or “he gave thanks”
463 MRK 6 41 r49p καὶ τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας ἐμέρισεν πᾶσιν 1 He also divided the two fish among them all “he divided the two fish so that everyone could have some”
464 MRK 6 43 rq7a ἦραν 1 They took up Possible meaning are 1) “The disciples took up” or 2) “The people took up.” Possible meaning are (1) “The disciples took up” or (2) “The people took up.”
465 MRK 6 43 sk2v κλάσματα δώδεκα κοφίνων πληρώματα 1 twelve baskets full of broken pieces “twelve baskets full of broken pieces of bread”
466 MRK 6 43 xk9h translate-numbers δώδεκα κοφίνων 1 twelve baskets “12 baskets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
467 MRK 6 44 v4m3 translate-numbers πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 five thousand men “5,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
484 MRK 6 56 bjv5 ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο 1 wherever he entered “Wherever Jesus entered”
485 MRK 6 56 gi6y ἐτίθεσαν 1 they were putting Here “they” refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus’ disciples.
486 MRK 6 56 y6hs figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας 1 the sick This phrase refers to people. Alternate translation: “the sick people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
487 MRK 6 56 a3i3 παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 were begged him Possible meanings are 1) “The sick begged him” or 2) “The people begged him.” Possible meanings are (1) “The sick begged him” or (2) “The people begged him.”
488 MRK 6 56 m366 ἅψωνται 1 touch The word “them” refers to the sick.
489 MRK 6 56 wd2u τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ 1 the edge of his garment “the hem of his robe” or “the edge of his clothes”
490 MRK 6 56 ugr3 ὅσοι ἂν 1 as many as “all those who”
550 MRK 7 29 pa3u figs-explicit ἐξελήλυθεν τὸ δαιμόνιον, ἐκ τῆς θυγατρός σου 1 The demon has gone out of your daughter Jesus has caused the unclean spirit to leave the woman’s daughter. This can be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: “I have caused the evil spirit to leave your daughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
551 MRK 7 31 g44h 0 Connecting Statement: After healing people in Tyre, Jesus goes to the Sea of Galilee. There he heals a deaf man, which amazes the people.
552 MRK 7 31 k9gy πάλιν ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῶν ὁρίων Τύρου 1 went out again from the region of Tyre “left the region of Tyre”
553 MRK 7 31 paz4 ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων 1 up into the region Possible meanings are 1) “in the region” as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or 2) “through the region” as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea. Possible meanings are (1) “in the region” as Jesus is at the sea in the region of the Decapolis or (2) “through the region” as Jesus went through the region of the Decapolis to get to the sea.
554 MRK 7 31 cxa8 translate-names Δεκαπόλεως 1 Decapolis This is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:20](../05/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
555 MRK 7 32 bnq6 φέρουσιν 1 They brought “And people brought”
556 MRK 7 32 i5gy κωφὸν 1 someone who was deaf “who was not able to hear”
573 MRK 8 1 sgv6 0 Connecting Statement: A great, hungry crowd is with Jesus. He feeds them using only seven loaves and a few fish before Jesus and his disciples get in a boat to go to another place.
574 MRK 8 1 rmd8 writing-newevent ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 In those days This phrase is used to introduce a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
575 MRK 8 2 h8v8 ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι, καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τι φάγωσιν 1 they continue to be with me already for three days and have nothing to eat “this is this third day these people have been with me, and they have nothing to eat”
576 MRK 8 3 u3mu figs-hyperbole ἐκλυθήσονται 1 they may faint Possible meanings are 1) literal, “they may lose consciousness temporarily” or 2) hyperbolic exaggeration, “they may become weak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) Possible meanings are (1) literal, “they may lose consciousness temporarily” or (2) hyperbolic exaggeration, “they may become weak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
577 MRK 8 4 jdk2 figs-rquestion πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπ’ ἐρημίας? 1 Where can we get enough loaves of bread in such a deserted place to satisfy these people? The disciples are expressing surprise that Jesus would expect them to be able to find enough food. Alternate translation: “This place is so deserted that there is no place here for us to get enough loaves of bread to satisfy these people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
578 MRK 8 4 b7tn ἄρτων 1 bread Loaves of bread are lumps of dough that have been shaped and baked.
579 MRK 8 5 m56c ἠρώτα αὐτούς 1 He asked them “Jesus asked his disciples”
589 MRK 8 10 x33a translate-names Δαλμανουθά 1 Dalmanutha This is the name of a place on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
590 MRK 8 11 cqy5 0 Connecting Statement: In Dalmanutha, Jesus refuses to give the Pharisees a sign before he and his disciples get in a boat and leave.
591 MRK 8 11 f9y8 ζητοῦντες παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 They sought from him “They asked him for”
592 MRK 8 11 zi91 figs-metonymy σημεῖον ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a sign from heaven They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus’ power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word “heaven” is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: “a sign from God” or 2) the word “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sign from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus’ power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are (1) The word “heaven” is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: “a sign from God” or (2) the word “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sign from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
593 MRK 8 11 cl3q figs-explicit πειράζοντες αὐτόν 1 to test him The Pharisees tried to test Jesus to make him prove that he was from God. Some information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to prove that God had sent him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
594 MRK 8 12 sn5a ἀναστενάξας τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ 1 He sighed deeply in his spirit This means that he groaned or that he let out a long deep breath that could be heard. It probably shows Jesus’ deep sadness that the Pharisees refused to believe him. See how you translated this in [Mark 7:34](../07/34.md).
595 MRK 8 12 s8xl τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ 1 in his spirit “in himself”
766 MRK 9 45 r1dy figs-metaphor εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν 1 to enter into life Dying and then beginning to live eternally is spoken of as entering into life. Alternate translation: “to enter into eternal life” or “to die and begin to live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
767 MRK 9 45 c2vw χωλὸν 1 lame “unable to walk easily.” Here it refers not being able to walk well because of missing a foot. Alternate translation: “without a foot” or “missing a foot”
768 MRK 9 45 tmd6 figs-activepassive βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν Γέενναν 1 be thrown into hell This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
769 MRK 9 47 n5tw figs-metonymy ἐὰν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζῃ σε, ἔκβαλε αὐτόν 1 If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out Here the word “eye” is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out” or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the word “eye” is a metonym for either (1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out” or (2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate translation: “If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
770 MRK 9 47 e52s figs-explicit μονόφθαλμον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ δύο ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντα 1 to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes This refers to the state of a person’s physical body when he dies. A person does not take his physical body with him into eternity. Alternate translation: “to enter into the kingdom of God after having lived on earth with only one eye than to have lived on earth with two eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
771 MRK 9 47 r2gn figs-activepassive βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν Γέενναν 1 to be thrown into hell This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
772 MRK 9 48 uh4p figs-explicit ὅπου ὁ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ τελευτᾷ 1 where their worm does not die The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “where worms that eat people there do not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
866 MRK 10 40 eu9v figs-activepassive ἡτοίμασται 1 it has been prepared This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has prepared it” or “God has prepared them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
867 MRK 10 41 ad19 ἀκούσαντες, 1 When heard about this The word “this” refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus’ right and left hands.
868 MRK 10 42 sbk8 προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus called them to himself “Jesus called his disciples”
869 MRK 10 42 sfs9 figs-activepassive οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) people in general consider these people the rulers of the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “those whom people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles” or 2) the Gentiles consider these people their rulers. Alternate translation: “those whom the Gentiles think of as their rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) people in general consider these people the rulers of the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “those whom people consider to be the rulers of the Gentiles” or (2) the Gentiles consider these people their rulers. Alternate translation: “those whom the Gentiles think of as their rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
870 MRK 10 42 hme7 κατακυριεύουσιν 1 dominate have control or power over
871 MRK 10 42 zfr3 κατεξουσιάζουσιν 1 exercise authority over “flaunt their authority.” This means that they show or use their authority in an overbearing way.
872 MRK 10 43 zfz6 figs-explicit οὐχ οὕτως δέ ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν 1 But it shall not be this way among you This refers back to the previous verse about the Gentile rulers. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But do not be like them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
915 MRK 11 9 el81 εὐλογημένος 1 Blessed is “May God bless”
916 MRK 11 10 a6b4 figs-explicit εὐλογημένη ἡ ἐρχομένη βασιλεία τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, Δαυείδ 1 Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David “Blessed is our father David’s coming kingdom.” This refers to Jesus coming and ruling as king. The word “blessed” can be translated as an active verb. Alternate translation: “Blessed be the coming of your kingdom” or “May God bless you as you rule your coming kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917 MRK 11 10 diq8 figs-metonymy τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, Δαυείδ 1 of our father David Here David’s descendant who will rule is referred to as David himself. Alternate translation: “of the greatest descendant of our father David” or “that David’s greatest descendant will rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
918 MRK 11 10 b1si ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 Hosanna in the highest Possible meanings are 1) “Praise God who is in heaven” or 2) “Let those who are in heaven shout ‘Hosanna’.” Possible meanings are (1) “Praise God who is in heaven” or (2) “Let those who are in heaven shout ‘Hosanna’.”
919 MRK 11 10 vqm2 figs-metaphor τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 the highest Here heaven is spoken of as “the highest.” Alternate translation: “the highest heaven” or “heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920 MRK 11 11 mz8r ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας 1 The hour was already late “because it was late in the day”
921 MRK 11 11 t5nv ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα 1 he went out to Bethany with the twelve “he and his twelve disciples left Jerusalem and went to Bethany”
955 MRK 11 27 s2ac ἔρχονται…εἰς 1 they came to “Jesus and his disciples came to”
956 MRK 11 27 alh5 ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ περιπατοῦντος αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus was walking in the temple This means that Jesus was walking around inside of the temple; he was not walking into the temple.
957 MRK 11 28 r3ik ἔλεγον αὐτῷ 1 They said to him The word “They” refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
958 MRK 11 28 se9b figs-parallelism ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? ἢ, τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην, ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῇς? 1 By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them? Possible meanings: 1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus’ authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: “Who gave you authority to do these things?” 2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Possible meanings: (1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus’ authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: “Who gave you authority to do these things?” (2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
959 MRK 11 28 p5u3 figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιεῖς 1 you do these things The words “these things” refer to Jesus turning over the sellers’ tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. Alternate translation: “things like those you did here yesterday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
960 MRK 11 29 v7q9 ἀποκρίθητέ μοι 1 Answer me “Answer me”
961 MRK 11 30 jj91 τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου 1 The baptism of John “The baptism that John performed”
1100 MRK 13 5 fe42 λέγειν αὐτοῖς 1 to them “to his disciples”
1101 MRK 13 5 u79c ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ 1 leads you astray Here “leads you astray” is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: “deceives you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1102 MRK 13 6 wv12 πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν 1 they will lead many astray Here “lead…astray” is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: “they will deceive many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103 MRK 13 6 z63u figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name Possible meanings are 1) “claiming my authority” or 2) “claiming that God sent them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “claiming my authority” or (2) “claiming that God sent them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1104 MRK 13 6 l7f9 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am he “I am the Christ”
1105 MRK 13 7 fl5h ἀκούσητε πολέμους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων 1 hear of wars and rumors of wars “hear of wars and reports about wars.” Possible meanings are 1) “hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away” or 2) “hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start” “hear of wars and reports about wars.” Possible meanings are (1) “hear the sounds of wars close by and news of wars far away” or (2) “hear of wars that have started and reports about wars that are about to start”
1106 MRK 13 7 d1k9 ἀλλ’ οὔπω τὸ τέλος 1 but the end is not yet “but it is not yet the end” or “but the end will not happen until later” or “but the end will be later”
1107 MRK 13 7 mi4d figs-explicit τὸ τέλος 1 the end This probably refers to the end of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1108 MRK 13 8 xln4 figs-idiom ἐγερθήσεται…ἐπ’ 1 will rise against This idiom means to fight against one another. Alternate translation: “will fight against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1126 MRK 13 13 jhp6 figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 because of my name Jesus uses the metonym “my name” to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1127 MRK 13 13 w28q figs-activepassive ὁ…ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται 1 the one who endures to the end, that person will be saved This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever endures to the end, God will save that person” or “God will save whoever endures to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1128 MRK 13 13 c33n figs-explicit ὁ…ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος 1 the one who endures to the end Here “endures” represents continuing to be faithful to God even while suffering. Alternate translation: “whoever suffers and stays faithful to God to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1129 MRK 13 13 vcz4 εἰς τέλος 1 to the end Possible meanings are 1) “to the end of his life” or 2) “to the end of that time of trouble” Possible meanings are (1) “to the end of his life” or (2) “to the end of that time of trouble”
1130 MRK 13 14 d4nw figs-metaphor τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως 1 the abomination of desolation This phrase is from the book of Daniel. His audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophecy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. Alternate translation: “the shameful thing that defiles the things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1131 MRK 13 14 vx3c figs-explicit ἑστηκότα ὅπου οὐ δεῖ 1 standing where it should not be Jesus’ audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “standing in the temple, where it should not be standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1132 MRK 13 14 ck7a figs-explicit ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω 1 let the reader understand This is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to get the readers’ attention, so that they would listen to this warning. Alternate translation: “may everyone who is reading this pay attention to this warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1153 MRK 13 24 a3qv figs-personification ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς 1 the moon will not give its light Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. Alternate translation: “the moon will not shine” or “the moon will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1154 MRK 13 25 z1sh figs-explicit οἱ ἀστέρες ἔσονται ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πίπτοντες 1 the stars will be falling from the sky This does not mean that they will fall to earth but that they will fall from where the are now. Alternate translation: “the stars will fall from their places in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1155 MRK 13 25 au6l figs-activepassive αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς σαλευθήσονται 1 the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the powers in the heavens will shake” or “God will shake the powers that are in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1156 MRK 13 25 hge7 αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 the powers that are in the heavens “the powerful things in the heavens.” Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the sun, moon, and stars or 2) this refers to powerful spiritual beings “the powerful things in the heavens.” Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the sun, moon, and stars or (2) this refers to powerful spiritual beings
1157 MRK 13 25 h5k1 ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 in the heavens “in the sky”
1158 MRK 13 26 kl95 τότε ὄψονται 1 Then they will see “Then people will see”
1159 MRK 13 26 h4z1 μετὰ δυνάμεως πολλῆς καὶ δόξης 1 with great power and glory “powerfully and gloriously”
1221 MRK 14 18 cwl8 ἀνακειμένων 1 reclining at the table In Jesus’ culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table.
1222 MRK 14 18 dg95 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md).
1223 MRK 14 19 v3a1 εἷς κατὰ εἷς 1 one by one This means that “one at a time” each disciple asked him.
1224 MRK 14 19 f13p figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγώ? 1 Surely not I? Possible meanings are 1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be no or 2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. Alternate translation: “Surely I am not the one who will betray you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) this was a question for which the disciples expected the answer to be no or (2) this was a rhetorical question that did not require a response. Alternate translation: “Surely I am not the one who will betray you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1225 MRK 14 20 b25j εἷς τῶν δώδεκα 1 It is one of the twelve, the one now “He is one of the twelve of you, the one now”
1226 MRK 14 20 htn4 ἐμβαπτόμενος μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον 1 dipping bread with me in the bowl In Jesus’ culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs.
1227 MRK 14 21 q5l3 ὅτι ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει, καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 For the Son of Man will go the way that the scripture says about him Here Jesus refers to the scriptures prophesying about his death. If you have a polite way to talk about death in your language, use it here. Alternate translation: “For the Son of Man will die in the way that the scriptures say”
1234 MRK 14 24 hs24 writing-symlanguage τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου 1 This is my blood “This wine is my blood.” Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus’ blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1235 MRK 14 25 i9yk ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important. See how you translated this in [Mark 3:28](../03/28.md).
1236 MRK 14 25 t7ai τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 the fruit of the vine “wine.” This is a descriptive way to refer to wine.
1237 MRK 14 25 y1pf καινὸν 1 new Possible meanings are 1) “again” or 2) “in a new way” Possible meanings are (1) “again” or (2) “in a new way”
1238 MRK 14 26 l996 ὑμνήσαντες 1 When they had sung a hymn A hymn is a type of song. It was traditional for them to sing an Old Testament psalm.
1239 MRK 14 27 pu4s λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus said to them “Jesus said to his disciples”
1240 MRK 14 27 lty4 figs-idiom σκανδαλισθήσεσθε 1 will fall away This is an idiom that means leave. Alternate translation: “will leave me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1310 MRK 14 60 q2u1 figs-explicit ἀναστὰς…εἰς μέσον 1 stood up among them Jesus stands up in the middle of the angry crowd to speak to them. Translate this to show who was present when Jesus stood up to speak. Alternate translation: “stood up among the chief priests, scribes, and elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1311 MRK 14 60 af5e figs-explicit οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν? τί οὗτοί σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 Do you not answer? What is it they testify against you? The chief priest is not asking Jesus for information about what the witnesses said. He is asking Jesus to prove what the witnesses said is wrong. Alternate translation: “Are you not going to reply? What do you say in response to the testimony these men are speaking against you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1312 MRK 14 61 x6ey figs-nominaladj ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Εὐλογητοῦ 1 the Son of the Blessed One Here God is called “the Blessed.” It is best to translate “Son” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a “son” of a human father. Alternate translation: “the Son of the Blessed One” or “the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1313 MRK 14 62 z5rv ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am This likely has a double meaning: 1) to respond to the high priest’s question and 2) to call himself “I Am,” which is what God called himself in the Old Testament. This likely has a double meaning: (1) to respond to the high priest’s question and (2) to call himself “I Am,” which is what God called himself in the Old Testament.
1314 MRK 14 62 e1xd figs-metonymy ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως 1 he sits at the right hand of power Here “power” is a metonnymm that represents God. To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sits in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1315 MRK 14 62 z55c figs-metaphor ἐρχόμενον μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 comes with the clouds of heaven Here the clouds are described as accompanying Jesus when he returns. Alternate translation: “when he comes down through the clouds in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1316 MRK 14 63 jz48 διαρρήξας τοὺς χιτῶνας αὐτοῦ 1 tore his garments The high priest tore his clothes purposefully to show his outrage and horror at what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: “tore his garments in outrage”
1336 MRK 15 1 mps2 0 Connecting Statement: When the chief priests, the elders, the scribes, and the council gave Jesus over to Pilate, they accused Jesus of doing many bad things. When Pilate asked if what they said was true, Jesus did not answer him.
1337 MRK 15 1 xz7c figs-metonymy δήσαντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀπήνεγκαν 1 bound Jesus and led him away They commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. Alternate translation: “they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away” or “they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338 MRK 15 1 v2yf παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ 1 They handed him over to Pilate They had Jesus led to Pilate and transferred control of Jesus over to him.
1339 MRK 15 2 dh6n figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” or 2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” or (2) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1340 MRK 15 3 ue18 κατηγόρουν αὐτοῦ…πολλά 1 were accusing him of many things “were accusing Jesus of many things” or “were saying that Jesus had done many bad things”
1341 MRK 15 4 c9uc ὁ δὲ Πειλᾶτος πάλιν ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν 1 So Pilate again asked him “Pilate asked Jesus again”
1342 MRK 15 4 s2as οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν? 1 Do you not answer at all? This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Do you have an answer”

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en_tn_43-LUK.tsv
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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ LUK 1 30 d3rx μὴ φοβοῦ, Μαριάμ 1 Do not be afraid, Mary The ange
LUK 1 30 a3eb figs-idiom εὗρες…χάριν παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 you have found favor with God The idiom “to find favor” means to be positively received by someone. The sentence can be altered to show God as the actor. Alternate translation: “God has decided to give you his grace” or “God is showing you his kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 31 fi5q συνλήμψῃ ἐν γαστρὶ, καὶ τέξῃ υἱόν…Ἰησοῦν 1 you will conceive in your womb and bear a son…Jesus Mary will bear “a son” who will be called “the Son of the Most High.” Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully.
LUK 1 32 z74z Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 the Son of the Most High Mary will bear “a son” who will be called “the Son of the Most High.” Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully.
LUK 1 32 ip26 figs-activepassive κληθήσεται 1 will be called Possible meanings are 1) “people will call him” or 2) “God will call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 32 ip26 figs-activepassive κληθήσεται 1 will be called Possible meanings are (1) “people will call him” or (2) “God will call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 32 hl55 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 the Son of the Most High This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 1 32 lwd9 figs-metonymy δώσει αὐτῷ…τὸν θρόνον Δαυεὶδ, τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 give him the throne of his ancestor David The throne represents the king’s authority to rule. Alternate translation: “give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 33 q516 figs-litotes τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἔσται τέλος 1 there will be no end to his kingdom The negative phrase “no end” emphasizes that it continues forever. It could also be stated with a positive phrase. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ LUK 1 52 ty2j figs-synecdoche καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀπὸ θρό
LUK 1 52 ee3q figs-metaphor ὕψωσεν ταπεινούς 1 he has raised up those of low condition In this word picture, people who are important are higher than people who are less important. Alternate translation: “has made humble people important” or “has given honor to people whom others have not honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 1 52 yuu2 ταπεινούς 1 those of low condition “in poverty.” See how you translated this in [Luke 1:48](../01/48.md).
LUK 1 53 z2he πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν 1 He has filled the hungry…the rich he has sent away empty The contrast between these two opposite actions should be made clear in the translation if possible.
LUK 1 53 l2t3 πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν…πλουτοῦντας ἐξαπέστειλεν κενούς 1 filled the hungry with good things Possible meanings are 1) “given the hungry good food to eat” or 2) “given the needy good things.”
LUK 1 53 l2t3 πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν…πλουτοῦντας ἐξαπέστειλεν κενούς 1 filled the hungry with good things Possible meanings are (1) “given the hungry good food to eat” or (2) “given the needy good things.”
LUK 1 54 d8g6 translate-versebridge 0 General Information: The UST rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep the information about Israel together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
LUK 1 54 xp39 ἀντελάβετο 1 He has helped “The Lord has helped”
LUK 1 54 g5u1 Ἰσραὴλ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 Israel his servant If readers confuse this with the man named Israel, it could be translated as “his servant, the nation of Israel” or “Israel, his servants.”
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ LUK 1 73 sk92 τοῦ δοῦναι ἡμῖν 1 to grant to us “to make it p
LUK 1 74 f4e4 figs-activepassive ἀφόβως, ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν ῥυσθέντας, λατρεύειν αὐτῷ 1 that we, having been delivered out of the hand of our enemies, would serve him without fear This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that we would serve him without fear after he rescued us from the hand of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 1 74 gm55 figs-metonymy ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν 1 out of the hand of our enemies Here “hand” refers to the control or power a person. This could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “from the control of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 1 74 v55j figs-ellipsis ἀφόβως 1 without fear This refers back to the fear of their enemies. Alternate translation: “without being afraid of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 1 75 l5n2 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁσιότητι καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ 1 in holiness and righteousness This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “holiness” and “righteousness.” Possible meanings are 1) we would serve God in holy and righteous ways. Alternate translation: “doing what is holy and righteous” or 2) we would be holy and righteous. Alternate translation: “being holy and righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 1 75 l5n2 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁσιότητι καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ 1 in holiness and righteousness This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “holiness” and “righteousness.” Possible meanings are (1) we would serve God in holy and righteous ways. Alternate translation: “doing what is holy and righteous” or (2) we would be holy and righteous. Alternate translation: “being holy and righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 1 75 tn5i figs-idiom ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 before him This is an idiom which means “in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 1 76 f6r1 καὶ σὺ δέ 1 And indeed, you Zechariah uses this phrase to begin his direct address to his son. You may have a similar way to direct speech in your language.
LUK 1 76 h2vh figs-activepassive σὺ…παιδίον, προφήτης…κληθήσῃ 1 you, child, will be called a prophet People will realize that he is a prophet. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will know that you are a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ LUK 2 12 xx57 figs-explicit ἐσπαργανωμένον 1 wrapped in strips of
LUK 2 12 bua3 κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ 1 lying in a manger This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](../02/07.md).
LUK 2 13 b54a figs-metaphor πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου 1 a great multitude from heavena multitude of the heavenly army These words could refer to a literal army of angels, or it could be a metaphor for an organized group of angels. Alternate translation: “a large group of angels from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 2 13 e2gp αἰνούντων τὸν Θεὸν 1 praising God “giving praise to God”
LUK 2 14 p1fm δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ 1 Glory to God in the highest Possible meanings are 1) “Give honor to God in the highest place” or 2) “Give the highest honor to God.”
LUK 2 14 p1fm δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ 1 Glory to God in the highest Possible meanings are (1) “Give honor to God in the highest place” or (2) “Give the highest honor to God.”
LUK 2 14 y2b3 ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας 1 on earth, peace among people with whom he is pleased “may those people on earth with whom God is pleased have peace”
LUK 2 15 au2m καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It came about that This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story to what the shepherds did after the angels left.
LUK 2 15 t355 ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 from them “from the shepherds”
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ LUK 2 36 kd1y writing-participants καὶ ἦν Ἅννα προφῆτις 1 A
LUK 2 36 c7wx translate-names Φανουήλ 1 Phanuel This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 2 36 h4ql translate-numbers ἔτη ἑπτὰ 1 seven years “7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 2 36 b9xe ἀπὸ τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς 1 after her virginity “after she married him”
LUK 2 37 byk6 translate-numbers χήρα ἕως ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων 1 was a widow for eighty-four years Possible meanings are 1) she had been a widow for 84 years or 2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 2 37 byk6 translate-numbers χήρα ἕως ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων 1 was a widow for eighty-four years Possible meanings are (1) she had been a widow for 84 years or (2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 2 37 f2lt figs-hyperbole οὐκ ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 never left the temple This is probably an exaggeration meaning that she spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. Alternate translation: “was always at the temple” or “was often at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 2 37 a1cg νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν 1 with fastings and prayers “by abstaining from food on many occasions and by offering many prayers”
LUK 2 38 c9e4 ἐπιστᾶσα 1 Coming up to them “approached them” or “went to Mary and Joseph”
@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ LUK 2 48 f1ry figs-rquestion τί ἐποίησας ἡμῖν οὕτως? 1 wh
LUK 2 48 w361 ἰδοὺ 1 Look This word is often used to show the beginning of a new or important event. It also can be used to show where the action begins. If your language has a phrase that is used in this way, consider whether it would be natural to use it here.
LUK 2 49 r8eh figs-rquestion τί ὅτι ἐζητεῖτέ με? 1 Why is it that you were searching for me? Jesus uses two questions to mildly rebuke his parents, and to begin to tell them that he had a purpose from his heavenly Father that they did not understand. Alternate translation: “You did not need to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 2 49 va82 figs-rquestion οὐκ ᾔδειτε…δεῖ εἶναί με? 1 Did you not know…my Father’s house? Jesus uses this second question to try to say that his parents should have known about the purpose for which his Father sent him. Alternate translation: “You should have known…business” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 2 49 p6aj ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου 1 in my Father’s house Possible meanings are 1) Jesus meant these words literally, to indicate that he was doing the work that his Father had given him, or 2) these words are an idiom that indicate where Jesus was, “in my Father’s house.” Since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more.
LUK 2 49 p6aj ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου 1 in my Father’s house Possible meanings are (1) Jesus meant these words literally, to indicate that he was doing the work that his Father had given him, or (2) these words are an idiom that indicate where Jesus was, “in my Father’s house.” Since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more.
LUK 2 49 n76z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου 1 my Father’s house At age 12, Jesus, the Son of God, understood that God was his real Father (not Joseph, Mary’s husband). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
LUK 2 51 h2i9 καὶ κατέβη μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 Then he went down with them “Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph”
LUK 2 51 zl2q ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος αὐτοῖς 1 was submitting to them “obeyed them” or “was always obeying them”
@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ LUK 3 16 fn1u figs-explicit ἀπεκρίνατο λέγων πᾶσιν ὁ Ἰ
LUK 3 16 wj3h ὕδατι βαπτίζω ὑμᾶς 1 I baptize you with water “I baptize using water” or “I baptize by means of water”
LUK 3 16 k3hg οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 not worthy even to untie the strap of his sandals “not important enough even to loosen the straps of his sandals.” Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy enough to be his slave.
LUK 3 16 jjp1 figs-metaphor αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ, καὶ πυρί 1 He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire This metaphor compares literal baptism that brings a person into contact with water to a spiritual baptism that brings them into contact with the Holy Spirit and with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 16 c1an figs-metaphor πυρί 1 fire Here the word “fire” may refer to 1) judgment or 2) purification. It is preferred to leave it as “fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 16 c1an figs-metaphor πυρί 1 fire Here the word “fire” may refer to (1) judgment or (2) purification. It is preferred to leave it as “fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 17 jzm4 figs-metaphor οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 His winnowing fork is in his hand “He is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready.” John speaks of the Christ coming to judge people as if he were a farmer who is ready to separate wheat grain from chaff. Alternate translation: “He is ready to judge people like a farmer who is ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 3 17 b1ap τὸ πτύον 1 winnowing fork This is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar to a pitchfork.
LUK 3 17 gf8n διακαθᾶραι τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ 1 to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor The threshing floor was the place where wheat was stacked in preparation for threshing. To “clear off” the floor is to finish threshing the grain. Alternate translation: “to finish threshing his grain”
@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ LUK 3 23 e9wd 0 General Information: Luke lists the ancestors of Jesus through
LUK 3 23 uvm3 writing-background καὶ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jesus’ age and ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
LUK 3 23 d3sh translate-numbers ἐτῶν τριάκοντα 1 thirty years old “30 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 3 23 z2xa ὢν υἱός, ὡς ἐνομίζετο, Ἰωσὴφ 1 He was the son (as it was assumed) of Joseph “It was thought that he was the son of Joseph” or “People assumed that he was the son of Joseph”
LUK 3 24 f8pm translate-names τοῦ Μαθθὰτ, τοῦ Λευεὶ, τοῦ Μελχεὶ, τοῦ Ἰανναὶ, τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ 1 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph This continues the list that begins with the words “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli” in verse 24. Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You should use the same wording throughout the whole list. Possible formats are 1) “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph” or 2) “He was the son…of Joseph. Joseph was the son of Heli. Heli was the son of Matthat. Matthat was the son of Levi. Levi was the son of Melchi. Melchi was the son of Jannai. Jannai was the son of Joseph” or 3) “His father…was Joseph. Joseph’s father was Heli. Heli’s father was Matthat. Matthat’s father was Levi. Levi’s father was Melchi. Melchi’s father was Jannai. Jannai’s father was Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 24 f8pm translate-names τοῦ Μαθθὰτ, τοῦ Λευεὶ, τοῦ Μελχεὶ, τοῦ Ἰανναὶ, τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ 1 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph This continues the list that begins with the words “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli” in verse 24. Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You should use the same wording throughout the whole list. Possible formats are (1) “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph” or (2) “He was the son…of Joseph. Joseph was the son of Heli. Heli was the son of Matthat. Matthat was the son of Levi. Levi was the son of Melchi. Melchi was the son of Jannai. Jannai was the son of Joseph” or (3) “His father…was Joseph. Joseph’s father was Heli. Heli’s father was Matthat. Matthat’s father was Levi. Levi’s father was Melchi. Melchi’s father was Jannai. Jannai’s father was Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 25 xdc5 translate-names τοῦ Ματταθίου, τοῦ Ἀμὼς…Ναγγαὶ 1 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos…Naggai This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 26 vt9z translate-names τοῦ Μάαθ…Ἰωδὰ 1 the son of Maath…Joda This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
LUK 3 27 z85v translate-names τοῦ Ἰωανὰν…Νηρεὶ 1 the son of Joanan…Neri This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that begins in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ LUK 4 4 hr5a figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written The quotation
LUK 4 4 ek2z figs-synecdoche οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 Man does not live on bread alone The word “bread” refers to food in general. Food as compared to God, by itself, is not enough to sustain a person. Jesus quotes the scripture to say why he would not turn the stone into bread. Alternate translation: “People cannot live on just bread” or “It is not just food that makes a person live” or “God says there are more important things than food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 4 5 wm17 figs-explicit ἀναγαγὼν αὐτὸν 1 led him up He led Jesus up a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 5 jxi9 ἐν στιγμῇ χρόνου 1 in an instant of time “in an instant” or “instantly”
LUK 4 6 dcx6 figs-explicit ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται 1 they have been given to me This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are that “them” refers to 1) the authority and splendor of the kingdoms or 2) the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “God has given them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 6 dcx6 figs-explicit ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται 1 they have been given to me This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are that “them” refers to (1) the authority and splendor of the kingdoms or (2) the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “God has given them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 7 g7h9 figs-doublet ἐὰν προσκυνήσῃς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ 1 if you will worship before me These two phrases are very similar. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “if you will bow down in worship to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
LUK 4 7 uca7 ἔσται σοῦ 1 it will be yours “I will give you all these kingdoms, with their splendor”
LUK 4 8 m4tc figs-explicit γέγραπται 1 It is written Jesus refused to do what the devil asked. It may be helpful to state this clearly. Alternate translation: “No, I will not worship you, because it is written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ LUK 4 10 s2g4 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 it is written This can be
LUK 4 10 nld8 ἐντελεῖται 1 He will give orders “He” refers to God. The devil partially quoted from the Psalms in an effort to persuade Jesus to jump off the building.
LUK 4 12 fy8d figs-explicit εἴρηται 1 It is said Jesus tells the devil why he will not do what the devil told him to do. His refusal to do it can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “No, I will not do that, because it is said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 12 cf6c figs-activepassive εἴρηται 1 It is said Jesus quotes from the writings of Moses in Deuteronomy. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses has said” or “Moses has said in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 12 gf8h οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου 1 Do not put the Lord your God to the test Possible meanings are 1) Jesus should not test God by jumping off the temple, or 2) the devil should not test Jesus to see if he is the Son of God. It is best to translate the verse as stated rather than to try to explain the meaning.
LUK 4 12 gf8h οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου 1 Do not put the Lord your God to the test Possible meanings are (1) Jesus should not test God by jumping off the temple, or (2) the devil should not test Jesus to see if he is the Son of God. It is best to translate the verse as stated rather than to try to explain the meaning.
LUK 4 13 qqd7 ἄχρι καιροῦ 1 until an opportune time “until another occasion”
LUK 4 13 nc2c figs-explicit συντελέσας πάντα πειρασμὸν 1 had finished every temptation This does not imply that the devil was successful in his temptation—Jesus resisted every attempt. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “had finished trying to persuade Jesus to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 4 14 h3fr 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus returns to Galilee, teaches in the synagogue, and tells the people there that he is fulfilling scripture of Isaiah the prophet.
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ LUK 4 20 ehx3 τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ 1 the attendant This refers to a synagogue
LUK 4 20 pu89 figs-idiom ἦσαν ἀτενίζοντες αὐτῷ 1 were fixed on him This idiom means “were focused on him” or “were looking intently at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 21 b1ix figs-activepassive πεπλήρωται ἡ Γραφὴ αὕτη ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν 1 this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing Jesus was saying that he was fulfilling that prophecy by his actions and speech at that very time. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am fulfilling what this scripture said right now as you are listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 4 21 iij8 figs-idiom ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν 1 in your hearing This idiom means “while you are listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
LUK 4 22 k2xi ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος τοῖς ἐκπορευομένοις ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 they were amazed at the gracious words which were coming out of his mouth “surprised about the gracious things that he was saying.” Here “gracious” may refer to 1) how well or how persuasively Jesus spoke, or 2) that Jesus spoke words about God’s grace.
LUK 4 22 k2xi ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος τοῖς ἐκπορευομένοις ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 they were amazed at the gracious words which were coming out of his mouth “surprised about the gracious things that he was saying.” Here “gracious” may refer to (1) how well or how persuasively Jesus spoke, or (2) that Jesus spoke words about God’s grace.
LUK 4 22 ty6d figs-rquestion οὐχὶ υἱός ἐστιν Ἰωσὴφ οὗτος? 1 Is this not the son of Joseph? People thought that Joseph was Jesus’ father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. Alternate translation: “This is just Joseph’s son!” or “His father is only Joseph!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 4 23 dp7g 0 General Information: Nazareth is the town in which Jesus grew up.
LUK 4 23 is8a πάντως 1 Surely “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ LUK 4 44 s5mb τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 Judea Since Jesus had been in Galilee
LUK 5 intro axr7 0 # Luke 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “You will catch men”<br><br>Peter, James, and John were fishermen. When Jesus told them that they would catch men, he was using a metaphor to tell them he wanted them to help people believe the good news about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Sinners<br><br>When the people of Jesus’ time spoke of “sinners,” they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call “sinners,” he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as “sinners.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Fasting and Feasting<br><br>People would fast, or not eat food for a long time, when they were sad or were showing God that they were sorry for their sins. When they were happy, like during weddings, they would have feasts, or meals where they would eat much food. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fast]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hypothetical Situation<br><br>Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to condemn the Pharisees. This passage includes “people in good health” and “righteous people.” This does not mean that there are people who do not need Jesus. There are no “righteous people,” everybody needs Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [Luke 5:31-32](./31.md))<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>In several parts of this chapter the author left some information implicit that his original readers would have understood and thought about. Modern readers might not know some of those things, so they might have trouble understanding all that the author was communicating. The UST often shows how that information can be presented so that modern readers will be able to understand those passages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Past Events<br><br>Parts of this chapter are sequences of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Luke sometimes writes as if the events have already happened while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened.<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 5:24](../../luk/05/24.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
LUK 5 1 l5gy 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus preaches from Simon Peter’s boat at the lake of Gennesaret.
LUK 5 1 zc8q writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
LUK 5 1 wsf8 ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 listening to the word of God Possible meanings are 1) “listening to the message God wanted them to hear” or 2) “listening to Jesus’ message about God”
LUK 5 1 wsf8 ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 listening to the word of God Possible meanings are (1) “listening to the message God wanted them to hear” or (2) “listening to Jesus’ message about God”
LUK 5 1 p6im τὴν λίμνην Γεννησαρέτ 1 the lake of Gennesaret These words refer to the Sea of Galilee. Galilee was on the west side of the lake, and the land of Gennesaret was on the east side, so it was called by both names. Some English versions translate this as the proper name of the body of water, “the Lake of Gennesaret.”
LUK 5 2 t96r ἔπλυνον τὰ δίκτυα 1 were washing their nets They were cleaning their fishing nets in order to use them again to catch fish.
LUK 5 3 f7z8 εἰς ἓν τῶν πλοίων, ὃ ἦν Σίμωνος 1 one of the boats, which was Simon’s “the boat belonging to Simon”
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ LUK 5 4 rk9p ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν 1 When he had finished s
LUK 5 5 wbb1 ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ῥήματί σου 1 But at your word “because you have told me to do this”
LUK 5 7 n2fp κατένευσαν 1 they motioned They were too far from shore to call, so they made gestures, probably by waving their arms.
LUK 5 7 pr7m figs-explicit βυθίζεσθαι αὐτά 1 they began to sink “the boats began to sink.” The reason could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the boats began to sink because the fish were so heavy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 5 8 r8j9 translate-symaction προσέπεσεν τοῖς γόνασιν Ἰησοῦ 1 fell down at the knees of Jesus Possible meanings are 1) “knelt down before Jesus” or 2) “bowed down at Jesus’ feet” or 3) “lay down on the ground at Jesus’ feet.” Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 5 8 r8j9 translate-symaction προσέπεσεν τοῖς γόνασιν Ἰησοῦ 1 fell down at the knees of Jesus Possible meanings are (1) “knelt down before Jesus” or (2) “bowed down at Jesus’ feet” or (3) “lay down on the ground at Jesus’ feet.” Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 5 8 j67m ἀνὴρ ἁμαρτωλός 1 a sinful man The word here for “man” means “adult male” and not the more general “human being.”
LUK 5 9 c2eh τῇ ἄγρᾳ τῶν ἰχθύων 1 the catch of fish “the large number of fish”
LUK 5 10 k4ft κοινωνοὶ τῷ Σίμωνι 1 partners with Simon “Simon’s partners in his fishing business”
@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ LUK 5 13 l48a ἡ λέπρα ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 the lepro
LUK 5 14 q18t figs-quotations μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν 1 to tell no one This can be translated as a direct quote: “Do not tell anyone” There is implied information that can also be stated explicitly (AT): “do not tell anyone that you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 5 14 v1wn προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου 1 offer a sacrifice for your cleansing The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were healed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals.
LUK 5 14 jk14 εἰς μαρτύριον 1 for a testimony “as proof of your healing”
LUK 5 14 nz37 αὐτοῖς 1 to them Possible meanings are 1) “to the priests” or 2) “to all the people.”
LUK 5 14 nz37 αὐτοῖς 1 to them Possible meanings are (1) “to the priests” or (2) “to all the people.”
LUK 5 15 q4t2 ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 the report about him “the news about Jesus.” This could mean either “the report about Jesus’ healing the man with leprosy” or “the report about Jesus’ healing people.”
LUK 5 15 ng3z figs-activepassive διήρχετο…μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 the report about him spread even farther “the report about him went out even farther.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people kept telling the news about him in other places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 5 16 sv6f ταῖς ἐρήμοις 1 the deserted places “lonely places” or “places where there were no other people”
@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ LUK 6 13 vep8 καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡμέρα 1 When it became day
LUK 6 13 j9w7 ἐκλεξάμενος ἀπ’ αὐτῶν δώδεκα 1 he chose twelve of them “he chose twelve of the disciples”
LUK 6 13 zgh6 οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν 1 whom he also named apostles “whom he also made apostles” or “and he appointed them to be apostles”
LUK 6 14 zdq3 Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ 1 his brother Andrew “Simon’s brother, Andrew”
LUK 6 15 et48 Ζηλωτὴν 1 the Zealot Possible meanings are 1) “the Zealot” is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or 2) “the Zealot” is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the passionate one”
LUK 6 15 et48 Ζηλωτὴν 1 the Zealot Possible meanings are (1) “the Zealot” is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or (2) “the Zealot” is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the passionate one”
LUK 6 16 g24m figs-explicit ἐγένετο προδότης 1 became a traitor It may be necessary to explain what “traitor” means in this context. Alternate translation: “betrayed his friend” or “turned his friend over to enemies” (usually in return for money paid) or “exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 6 17 t33z 0 Connecting Statement: Though Jesus especially addresses his disciples, there are many people around who listen.
LUK 6 17 i5gv μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 with them “with the twelve he had chosen” or “with his twelve apostles”
@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ LUK 6 19 y2cl δύναμις παρ’ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο καὶ
LUK 6 20 ymg7 μακάριοι 1 Blessed are This phrase is repeated three times. Each time, it indicates that God gives favor to certain people or that their situation is positive or good.
LUK 6 20 xj9v μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοί 1 Blessed are the poor “You who are poor receive God’s favor” or “You who are poor benefit”
LUK 6 20 y18c ὅτι ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for yours is the kingdom of God Languages that do not have a word for kingdom might say, “for God is your king” or “because God is your ruler.”
LUK 6 20 k34r ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 yours is the kingdom of God “the kingdom of God belongs to you.” This could mean 1) “you belong to God’s kingdom” or 2) “you will have authority in God’s kingdom.”
LUK 6 20 k34r ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 yours is the kingdom of God “the kingdom of God belongs to you.” This could mean (1) “you belong to God’s kingdom” or (2) “you will have authority in God’s kingdom.”
LUK 6 21 tg8m γελάσετε 1 you will laugh “you will laugh with joy” or “you will be joyful”
LUK 6 22 h8ii μακάριοί ἐστε 1 Blessed are you “You receive God’s favor” or “You benefit” or “How good it is for you”
LUK 6 22 r5cg ἀφορίσωσιν ὑμᾶς 1 they exclude you “reject you”
@ -772,19 +772,19 @@ LUK 6 35 qr5x υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου 1 sons of the Most High Make sure that
LUK 6 35 ku6l figs-abstractnouns τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς 1 the unthankful and evil The words "unthankful" and "evil" are pural abstract nouns. They can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “people who do not thank him and who are evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 6 36 n28w ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν 1 your Father This refers to God. It is best to translate “Father” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father.
LUK 6 37 a8c7 καὶ μὴ κρίνετε 1 Do not judge “Do not judge people” or “Do not harshly criticize people”
LUK 6 37 e8fb figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ κριθῆτε 1 you will not be judged Jesus does not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) “God will not judge you” or 2) “no one will judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 e8fb figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ κριθῆτε 1 you will not be judged Jesus does not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are (1) “God will not judge you” or (2) “no one will judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 vkl8 καὶ μὴ καταδικάζετε 1 Do not condemn “Do not condemn people”
LUK 6 37 gz37 figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ καταδικασθῆτε 1 you will not be condemned Jesus does not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are 1) “God will not condemn you” or 2) “no one will condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 a22w figs-activepassive ἀπολυθήσεσθε 1 you will be forgiven Jesus does not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are 1) “God will forgive you” or 2) “people will forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 ryf8 figs-activepassive δοθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be given to you Jesus does not say exactly who will give. Possible meanings are 1) “someone will give it to you” or 2) “God will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 gz37 figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ καταδικασθῆτε 1 you will not be condemned Jesus does not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are (1) “God will not condemn you” or (2) “no one will condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 37 a22w figs-activepassive ἀπολυθήσεσθε 1 you will be forgiven Jesus does not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are (1) “God will forgive you” or (2) “people will forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 ryf8 figs-activepassive δοθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be given to you Jesus does not say exactly who will give. Possible meanings are (1) “someone will give it to you” or (2) “God will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 q8sq figs-metaphor μέτρον καλὸν, πεπιεσμένον σεσαλευμένον ὑπερεκχυννόμενον, δώσουσιν εἰς τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν 1 A good measure—pressed down, shaken together, spilling over—they will pour into your lap Jesus speaks either of God or of people giving generously as if he were speaking of a generous grain merchant. Alternate translation: “God will pour into your lap a generous amount—pressed down, shaken together and spilling over” or “Like a generous grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much grain that it spills over, they will give generously to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 38 rxl6 μέτρον καλὸν 1 A good measure “A large amount”
LUK 6 38 fp26 figs-activepassive ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be measured back to you Jesus does not say exactly who will measure. Possible meanings are 1) “they will measure things back to you” or 2) “God will measure things back to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 38 fp26 figs-activepassive ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be measured back to you Jesus does not say exactly who will measure. Possible meanings are (1) “they will measure things back to you” or (2) “God will measure things back to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 39 bw7f figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus includes some examples to make his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
LUK 6 39 kyt1 figs-rquestion μήτι δύναται τυφλὸς τυφλὸν ὁδηγεῖν? 1 Can a blind person guide another blind person? Jesus used this question to get the people to think about something that they already know. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We all know that a blind person cannot guide another blind person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 39 nm4v figs-metaphor τυφλὸς 1 blind man The person who is “blind” is a metaphor for a person who has not been taught as a disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 6 39 f4xj figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον ἐμπεσοῦνται? 1 Would both not fall into a pit? This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “both of them would fall into a hole.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 40 ipr9 οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 A disciple is not greater than his teacher “A disciple does not surpass his teacher.” Possible meanings are 1) “A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher” or 2) “A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher.”
LUK 6 40 ipr9 οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 A disciple is not greater than his teacher “A disciple does not surpass his teacher.” Possible meanings are (1) “A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher” or (2) “A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher.”
LUK 6 40 a6ym κατηρτισμένος…πᾶς ἔσται 1 everyone when he is fully trained “every disciple who has been trained well” or “every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him”
LUK 6 41 l7vj figs-rquestion τί δὲ βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ οὐ κατανοεῖς? 1 Why do you look…brother’s eye, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Jesus uses this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person’s sins. Alternate translation: “Do not look…brothers eye while you ignore the log that is in your own eye.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 6 41 jpt3 figs-metaphor τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 the tiny piece of straw that is in your brother’s eye This is a metaphor that refers to the less important faults of a fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ LUK 6 48 cjp8 θεμέλιον 1 a foundation the part of a house that connects
LUK 6 48 dp2a τὴν πέτραν 1 the rock “bedrock.” This is the very large, hard rock that is deep under the soil.
LUK 6 48 qc2z ποταμὸς 1 torrent of water “fast-moving water” or “river”
LUK 6 48 d3gs προσέρηξεν 1 flowed against “crashed against”
LUK 6 48 h75u σαλεῦσαι αὐτὴν 1 shake it Possible meanings are 1) “cause it to shake” or 2) “destroy it.”
LUK 6 48 h75u σαλεῦσαι αὐτὴν 1 shake it Possible meanings are (1) “cause it to shake” or (2) “destroy it.”
LUK 6 48 tu5j figs-activepassive διὰ τὸ καλῶς οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν 1 because it had been built well This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the man had built it well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 6 49 wg4w figs-simile 0 General Information: Jesus compares the person who hears but does not obey his teaching to a man who builds a house that has no foundation and so will collapse when the flood comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 6 49 sjf5 ὁ δὲ 1 But the one “But” shows a strong contrast to the previous person who built with a foundation.
@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ LUK 7 23 i7zh figs-doublenegatives μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί
LUK 7 24 k1zb 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to speak to the crowd about John the Baptist. He asks rhetorical questions to lead them to think about what John the Baptist is really like.
LUK 7 24 abcd ἤρξατο 1 he began "Jesus began"
LUK 7 24 h9dw figs-rquestion τί…κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον? 1 What…A reed shaken by the wind? This expects a negative answer. “Did you go out to see a reed shaken by the wind? Of course not!” It can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out to see a reed being shaken by the wind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 24 gbv9 figs-metaphor κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 A reed shaken by the wind Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) a person who easily changes his mind, as reeds are easily moved by the wind, or 2) a person who talks a lot but does not say anything important, as reeds rattle when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 24 gbv9 figs-metaphor κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 A reed shaken by the wind Possible meanings of this metaphor are (1) a person who easily changes his mind, as reeds are easily moved by the wind, or (2) a person who talks a lot but does not say anything important, as reeds rattle when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 7 25 tcp3 figs-rquestion ἀλλὰ τί…ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον? 1 But what…A man dressed in soft clothes? This also expects a negative answer, since John wore rough garments. “Did you go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes? Of course not!” This can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: You certainly did not go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 7 25 a1wu figs-explicit ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον 1 dressed in soft clothes This refers to expensive clothing. Normal clothing was rough. Alternate translation: “wearing expensive clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 7 25 nn75 τοῖς βασιλείοις 1 kings’ palaces A palace is a large, expensive house that a king lives in.
@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ LUK 7 32 n8yp figs-simile ὅμοιοί εἰσιν 1 They are like These words
LUK 7 32 f7hg ἀγορᾷ 1 the marketplace a large, open-air area where people come to sell their goods
LUK 7 32 xgg9 καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε 1 and you did not dance “but you did not dance to the music”
LUK 7 32 m2k3 καὶ οὐκ ἐκλαύσατε 1 and you did not cry “but you did not cry with us”
LUK 7 33 kbc7 μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον 1 neither eating bread Possible meanings are 1) “frequently fasting” or 2) “not eating normal food.”
LUK 7 33 kbc7 μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον 1 neither eating bread Possible meanings are (1) “frequently fasting” or (2) “not eating normal food.”
LUK 7 33 wka1 figs-quotations λέγετε, δαιμόνιον ἔχει 1 you say, ‘He has a demon.’ Jesus was quoting what people were saying about John. This can be stated without the direct quote. Alternate translation: “you say that he has a demon.” or “you accuse him of having a demon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 7 34 k33e figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The Son of Man Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 7 34 s1um figs-quotations λέγετε, ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπος φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης…ἁμαρτωλῶν. 1 you say, ‘Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard…sinners!’ This can be translated as an indirect quote. If you translated “The Son of Man” as “I, the Son of man,” you can state this as an indirect statement and use the first person. Alternate translation: “you say that he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard…sinners.” or “you accuse him of eating and drinking too much and of being…sinners.” or “you say that I am a gluttonous man and a drunkard…sinners.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ LUK 8 40 w2wn writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give backg
LUK 8 40 m81w 0 Connecting Statement: When Jesus and his disciples return to Galilee on the other side of the lake, he heals the 12-year-old daughter of the ruler of the synagogue as well as a woman who has been bleeding for 12 years.
LUK 8 40 yd57 ἀπεδέξατο αὐτὸν ὁ ὄχλος 1 the crowd welcomed him “the crowd joyfully greeted him”
LUK 8 41 avi8 ἄρχων τῆς συναγωγῆς 1 a leader of the synagogue “one of the leaders at the local synagogue” or “a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that city”
LUK 8 41 epa2 translate-symaction πεσὼν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Ἰησοῦ 1 Falling at the feet of Jesus Possible meanings are 1) “bowed down at Jesus feet” or 2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 8 41 epa2 translate-symaction πεσὼν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Ἰησοῦ 1 Falling at the feet of Jesus Possible meanings are (1) “bowed down at Jesus feet” or (2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 8 42 kq2v ἀπέθνῃσκεν 1 was dying “was about to die”
LUK 8 42 ymb1 figs-explicit ἐν…τῷ ὑπάγειν αὐτὸν 1 As Jesus was on his way Some translators may need to first say that Jesus had agreed to go with Jairus. Alternate translation: “So Jesus agreed to go with him. As he was on his way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 42 kw2y οἱ ὄχλοι συνέπνιγον αὐτόν 1 the crowds of people were pressing around him “the people were crowding tightly around Jesus”
@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ LUK 8 46 u6am figs-explicit ἥψατό μού τις 1 Someone did touch me It
LUK 8 46 zmu9 figs-explicit ἐγὼ…ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 I know that power has gone out from me Jesus did not lose power or become weak, but his power healed the woman. Alternate translation: “I know that healing power went out from me” or “I felt my power heal someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 8 47 cwn4 figs-ellipsis ὅτι οὐκ ἔλαθεν 1 that she could not escape notice “that she could not keep secret what she had done.” It may be helpful to state what she did. Alternate translation: “that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 8 47 vua6 τρέμουσα ἦλθεν 1 she came trembling “she came trembling with fear”
LUK 8 47 vxl7 προσπεσοῦσα αὐτῷ 1 fell down before him Possible meanings are 1) “bowed down in front of Jesus” or 2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus’ feet.” She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus.
LUK 8 47 vxl7 προσπεσοῦσα αὐτῷ 1 fell down before him Possible meanings are (1) “bowed down in front of Jesus” or (2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus’ feet.” She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus.
LUK 8 47 f5mz ἐνώπιον παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ 1 In the presence of all the people “In the sight of all the people”
LUK 8 48 v4m9 θύγατερ 1 Daughter This was a kind way of speaking to a woman. Your language may have another way of showing this kindness.
LUK 8 48 uja4 figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 your faith has made you well “because of your faith, you have become well.” The abstract noun “faith” could be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “because you believe, you are healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ LUK 8 56 c6mp μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν 1 to tell no one This could be state
LUK 9 intro uc1r 0 # Luke 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “To preach the kingdom of God”<br><br>No one knows for sure what the words “kingdom of God” here refer to. Some say it refers to the reign of God on earth, and others say it refers to the gospel message that Jesus died to pay for the his people’s sins. It is best to translate this as “to preach about the kingdom of God” or “to teach them about how God was going to show himself as king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Elijah<br><br>God had promised the Jews that the prophet Elijah would return before the Messiah came, so some people who saw Jesus do miracles thought Jesus was Elijah ([Luke 9:9](../../luk/09/09.md), [Luke 9:19](../../luk/09/19.md)). However, Elijah did come to earth to speak with Jesus ([Luke 9:30](../../luk/09/30.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/elijah]])<br><br>### “Kingdom of God”<br><br>The term “kingdom of God” is used in this chapter to refer to a kingdom that was still in the future when the words were spoken. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Luke says in this chapter that Jesus’ clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God’s Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. An example in this chapter is: “Whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.” ([Luke 9:24](../../luk/09/24.md)).<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 9:22](../../luk/09/22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br><br>### “Receiving”<br><br>This word appears several times in this chapter and means different things. When Jesus says, “If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me” ([Luke 9:48](../../luk/09/48.md)), he is speaking of people serving the child. When Luke says, “the people there did not receive him” ([Luke 9:53](../../luk/09/53.md)), he means that the people did not believe in or accept Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br>
LUK 9 1 s7fw 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus reminds his disciples not to depend on money and their things, gives them power, and then sends them out to various places.
LUK 9 1 zqq6 δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν 1 power and authority These two terms are used together to show that the twelve had both the ability and the right to heal people. Translate this phrase with a combination of words that include both of these ideas.
LUK 9 1 fuj7 πάντα τὰ δαιμόνια 1 all the demons Possible meanings are 1) “every demon” or 2) “every kind of demon.”
LUK 9 1 fuj7 πάντα τὰ δαιμόνια 1 all the demons Possible meanings are (1) “every demon” or (2) “every kind of demon.”
LUK 9 1 h8ql νόσους 1 diseases sicknesses
LUK 9 2 j5n3 ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς 1 sent them out “sent them to various places” or “told them to go”
LUK 9 3 m7c5 καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 He said to them “Jesus said to the twelve.” It may be helpful to state that this happened before they went out. Alternate translation: “Before they left, Jesus said to them”
@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ LUK 9 59 ee68 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to talk with the people
LUK 9 59 u1nl ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Follow me By saying this Jesus is asking the person to become his disciple and to go with him.
LUK 9 59 li7w ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀπελθόντι, πρῶτον θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου 1 first permit me to go and bury my father It is unclear whether the man’s father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus.
LUK 9 59 sy4y ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀπελθόντι, πρῶτον 1 first permit me to go “before I do that, let me go”
LUK 9 60 ta92 figs-metaphor ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς 1 Let the dead bury their own dead Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of “the dead” are 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 60 ta92 figs-metaphor ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς 1 Let the dead bury their own dead Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of “the dead” are (1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or (2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 9 60 a4tc figs-nominaladj τοὺς νεκροὺς 1 the dead This refers to dead people in general. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 9 61 r84e ἀκολουθήσω σοι 1 I will follow you “I will join you as a disciple” or “I am ready to follow you”
LUK 9 61 cne4 πρῶτον…ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀποτάξασθαι τοῖς εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου 1 first permit me to say goodbye to those in my home “before I do that, let me tell my people at my home that I am leaving”
@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ LUK 10 7 kd8i figs-idiom μὴ μεταβαίνετε ἐξ οἰκίας εἰ
LUK 10 8 k8yb καὶ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς 1 and they receive you “if they welcome you”
LUK 10 8 wd2x figs-activepassive ἐσθίετε τὰ παρατιθέμενα ὑμῖν 1 eat what is set before you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “eat whatever food they give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 9 ws6g figs-nominaladj τοὺς…ἀσθενεῖς 1 the sick This refers to sick people in general. Alternate translation: “the sick people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
LUK 10 9 e1he figs-abstractnouns ἤγγικεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The kingdom of God has come close to you The abstract noun “kingdom” can be expressed with the verbs “reign” or “rule.” Possible meanings are 1) the kingdom of God will begin soon. Alternate translation: “God will soon rule everywhere as king” or 2) the activities of kingdom of God are happening all around you. Alternate translation: “The proof that God is reigning is all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 10 9 e1he figs-abstractnouns ἤγγικεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The kingdom of God has come close to you The abstract noun “kingdom” can be expressed with the verbs “reign” or “rule.” Possible meanings are (1) the kingdom of God will begin soon. Alternate translation: “God will soon rule everywhere as king” or (2) the activities of kingdom of God are happening all around you. Alternate translation: “The proof that God is reigning is all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 10 10 nt9n καὶ μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς 1 and they do not receive you “if the people of the city reject you”
LUK 10 11 bc9h translate-symaction καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν εἰς τοὺς πόδας ἀπομασσόμεθα ὑμῖν 1 Even the dust from your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you This is a symbolic action to show that they reject the people of the city. Alternate translation: “Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your town that clings to our feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
LUK 10 11 yg83 figs-exclusive ἀπομασσόμεθα 1 we wipe off Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of “we” would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@ -1303,8 +1303,8 @@ LUK 10 17 m7nh figs-explicit ὑπέστρεψαν δὲ οἱ ἑβδομήκο
LUK 10 17 prj8 translate-numbers ἑβδομήκοντα 1 seventy You may want to add a footnote: “Some versions have ‘72’ instead of ‘70.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 10 17 cx7b figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου 1 in your name Here “name” refers to Jesus’ power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 10 18 a37w figs-simile ἐθεώρουν τὸν Σατανᾶν ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightning Jesus used a simile to compare how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns to the way lightning strikes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
LUK 10 18 v8fl ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 fall from heaven as lightning Possible meanings are 1) fell as quickly as lighting strikes, or 2) fell down from heaven as lightning strikes downward. Since both meaning are possible, it may be best to keep the image.
LUK 10 19 xl7q figs-metaphor τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων 1 authority to tread on serpents and scorpions “authority to trample on snakes and crush scorpions.” Possible meanings are 1) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. Alternate translation: “the right to defeat evil spirits” or 2) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 18 v8fl ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 fall from heaven as lightning Possible meanings are (1) fell as quickly as lighting strikes, or (2) fell down from heaven as lightning strikes downward. Since both meaning are possible, it may be best to keep the image.
LUK 10 19 xl7q figs-metaphor τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων 1 authority to tread on serpents and scorpions “authority to trample on snakes and crush scorpions.” Possible meanings are (1) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. Alternate translation: “the right to defeat evil spirits” or (2) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 10 19 cq5x figs-ellipsis τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων 1 to tread on serpents and scorpions This implies that they would do this and not be injured. Alternate translation: “walk on snakes and scorpions and they will not hurt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 10 19 mla6 σκορπίων 1 scorpions Scorpions are small animals with two claws and a poisonous stinger on their tail.
LUK 10 19 uvt4 figs-ellipsis ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ 1 over all the power of the enemy “I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy” or “I have given you authority to defeat the enemy.” The enemy is Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ LUK 10 40 adr5 περιεσπᾶτο 1 was distracted “very busy” or “too
LUK 10 40 jd9a figs-rquestion οὐ μέλει σοι…μόνην με κατέλιπεν διακονεῖν? 1 do you not care…me to serve alone? Martha is complaining that the Lord is allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there is so much work to do. She respects the Lord, so she uses a rhetorical question to make her complaint more polite. Alternate translation: “it seems like you do not care…alone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 10 41 dsw3 Μάρθα, Μάρθα 1 Martha, Martha Jesus repeats Martha’s name for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Dear Martha” or “You, Martha”
LUK 10 42 hqt4 figs-explicit ἑνός…ἐστιν χρεία 1 only one thing is necessary Jesus is contrasting what Mary is doing with what Martha is doing. It may be helpful to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “the only thing that is really necessary is to listen to my teaching” or “listening to my teaching is more necessary than preparing a meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 10 42 nzn8 figs-activepassive ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτῆς 1 which will not be taken away from her Possible meanings are 1) “I will not take this opportunity away from her” or 2) “she will not lose what she has gained as she was listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 10 42 nzn8 figs-activepassive ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτῆς 1 which will not be taken away from her Possible meanings are (1) “I will not take this opportunity away from her” or (2) “she will not lose what she has gained as she was listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 11 intro j6le 0 # Luke 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 11:2-4 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a special prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Lord’s Prayer<br><br>When Jesus’ followers asked him to teach them how to pray, he taught them this prayer. He did not expect them to use the same words every time they prayed, but he did want them to know what God wanted them to pray about.<br><br>### Jonah<br><br>Jonah was an Old Testament prophet who was sent to the Gentile city of Nineveh to tell them to repent. When he told them to repent, they repented. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Washing<br><br>The Pharisees would wash themselves and the things they ate with. They would even wash things that were not dirty. The law of Moses did not tell them to wash these things, but they would wash them anyway. This was because they thought that if they obeyed both the rules that God had made and some rules that God had not made, God would think that they were better people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
LUK 11 1 rkn4 0 General Information: The is the beginning of the next part of the story. Jesus teaches his disciples to pray.
LUK 11 1 fl3j writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@ LUK 11 41 m3ww figs-explicit τὰ ἐνόντα δότε ἐλεημοσύνη
LUK 11 41 phz9 πάντα καθαρὰ ὑμῖν ἐστιν 1 all things will be clean for you “you will be completely clean” or “you will be clean both inside and outside”
LUK 11 42 ans4 ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ πήγανον, καὶ πᾶν λάχανον 1 the mint and the rue and every garden herb “you give God one tenth of your mint and rue and other herbs from your garden.” Jesus was giving an example of how extreme the Pharisees were in giving a tenth of their income.
LUK 11 42 p71g translate-unknown τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ πήγανον 1 the mint and the rue and every garden herb These are herbs. People put just a little bit of these leaves into their food to give it flavor. If people do not know what mint and rue are, you can use the name of herbs they know or a general expression such as “herbs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
LUK 11 42 l25z πᾶν λάχανον 1 every garden herb Possible meanings are 1) “every other vegetable” 2) “every other garden herb” or 3) “every other garden plant.”
LUK 11 42 l25z πᾶν λάχανον 1 every garden herb Possible meanings are (1) “every other vegetable” (2) “every other garden herb” or (3) “every other garden plant.”
LUK 11 42 yk7d τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the love of God “to love God” or “love for God.” God is the one who is loved.
LUK 11 42 myv2 figs-litotes κἀκεῖνα μὴ παρεῖναι 1 and not to neglect those things “without failing” emphasizes that this should always be done. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and to always do the other good things as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 11 43 lnx3 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking to the Pharisee.
@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ LUK 11 45 u1vv writing-participants τις τῶν νομικῶν 1 one of the
LUK 11 45 v1pr ταῦτα λέγων, καὶ ἡμᾶς ὑβρίζεις 1 saying these things, you insult us too Jesus’ comments about the Pharisees also seemed to apply to the teachers of the Jewish laws.
LUK 11 46 wx9j ὑμῖν τοῖς νομικοῖς οὐαί! 1 Woe to you, teachers of the law! Jesus makes it clear that he intended to condemn the actions of the teachers of the law along with the Pharisees.
LUK 11 46 v2vl figs-metaphor φορτίζετε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους φορτία δυσβάστακτα 1 you put people under burdens that are hard to carry “you put burdens on people that are too heavy and they cannot carry them.” Jesus speaks about someone giving people many rules as if the person were giving them heavy things to carry. Alternate translation: “you burden people by giving them too many rules to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 11 46 mws4 ἑνὶ τῶν δακτύλων ὑμῶν οὐ προσψαύετε τοῖς φορτίοις 1 do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers Possible meanings are 1) “do anything at all to help people carry those burdens” or 2) “make any effort to carry those burdens yourselves.”
LUK 11 46 mws4 ἑνὶ τῶν δακτύλων ὑμῶν οὐ προσψαύετε τοῖς φορτίοις 1 do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers Possible meanings are (1) “do anything at all to help people carry those burdens” or (2) “make any effort to carry those burdens yourselves.”
LUK 11 48 drs1 figs-explicit ἄρα μαρτυρεῖτε καὶ συνευδοκεῖτε 1 So you are witnesses and you consent Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees and teachers of the law. They know about the murder of the prophets, but do not condemn their ancestors for killing them. Alternate translation: “So, rather than denouncing them, you confirm and agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 11 49 by5w διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason This refers back to the previous statement that the teachers of the law burdened people with rules.
LUK 11 49 c97g figs-personification ἡ σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶπεν 1 the wisdom of God said “wisdom” is treated as if it was able to speak for God. Alternate translation: “God in his wisdom said” or “God wisely said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@ LUK 12 6 czr7 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ πέντε στρουθία πωλοῦ
LUK 12 6 u697 στρουθία 1 sparrows very small, seed-eating birds
LUK 12 6 mru1 figs-activepassive ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιλελησμένον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God This could be stated in active form and in positive form. Alternate translation: “God never forgets any of them” or “God indeed remembers every sparrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
LUK 12 7 m833 figs-activepassive καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν πᾶσαι ἠρίθμηνται 1 even the hairs of your head are all numbered This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God knows even how many hairs are on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 7 shk3 μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 Do not fear The reason for the fear is not stated. Possible meanings are 1) “Do not be afraid of what will happen to you” or 2) “So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you.”
LUK 12 7 shk3 μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 Do not fear The reason for the fear is not stated. Possible meanings are (1) “Do not be afraid of what will happen to you” or (2) “So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you.”
LUK 12 7 rca8 πολλῶν στρουθίων διαφέρετε 1 You are more valuable than many sparrows “You are worth more to God than many sparrows”
LUK 12 8 xzh3 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν 1 But I say to you Jesus readdresses his audience to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about confession.
LUK 12 8 d1cs figs-explicit πᾶς ὃς ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 everyone who confesses me before men What is confessed can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “whoever tells others that he is my disciple” or “anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1575,7 +1575,7 @@ LUK 12 11 gm94 τὰς ἀρχὰς, καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας 1 the ru
LUK 12 12 gz6v ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 in that hour “at that time” or “then”
LUK 12 13 i2vi 0 General Information: This is a break in Jesus’ teachings. A man asks Jesus to do something and Jesus responds to him.
LUK 12 13 d1dj figs-explicit μερίσασθαι μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὴν κληρονομίαν 1 to divide the inheritance with me In that culture, inheritances came from the father, usually after the father had died. You may need to make explicit that the speaker’s father had probably died. Alternate translation: “share my father’s property with me now that our father is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 12 14 i8sm ἄνθρωπε 1 Man Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a way to address a stranger or 2) Jesus is rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all.
LUK 12 14 i8sm ἄνθρωπε 1 Man Possible meanings are (1) this is simply a way to address a stranger or (2) Jesus is rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all.
LUK 12 14 hmn6 figs-rquestion τίς με κατέστησεν κριτὴν ἢ μεριστὴν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς? 1 who made me a judge or a mediator over you? Jesus uses a question to rebuke the man. Some languages would use the plural form for “you” or “your.” Alternate translation: “I am not your judge or mediator.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 12 15 me49 εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Then he said to them The word “them” here probably refers to the whole crowd of people. Alternate translation: “And Jesus said to the crowd”
LUK 12 15 ckn2 φυλάσσεσθε ἀπὸ πάσης πλεονεξίας 1 keep yourselves from all greedy desires “guard yourself from every form of greed.” Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to love having things” or “do not let the urge to have more things control you”
@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ LUK 12 22 cy4e λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you “I want to tell you somethi
LUK 12 22 u1cf τῷ σώματι τί ἐνδύσησθε 1 about your body, what you will wear “about your body and what you will wear” or “about having enough clothes to put on your body”
LUK 12 23 y4qa ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστιν τῆς τροφῆς 1 For life is more than food This is a general statement of value. Alternate translation: “life is more important than the food you eat”
LUK 12 23 ri78 τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος 1 the body is more than clothes “your body is more important than the clothes you wear”
LUK 12 24 zx97 τοὺς κόρακας 1 the ravens This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus’ audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds.
LUK 12 24 zx97 τοὺς κόρακας 1 the ravens This refers either to (1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or (2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus’ audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds.
LUK 12 24 y4t1 ταμεῖον…ἀποθήκη 1 storeroom…barn These are places where food is stored.
LUK 12 24 i238 figs-exclamations πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμεῖς διαφέρετε τῶν πετεινῶν! 1 How much more valuable you are than the birds! This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes the fact that people are much more valuable to God then birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 12 25 lsx8 figs-rquestion τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν…ὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ προσθεῖναι πῆχυν? 1 Which of you…add a cubit to his lifespan? Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. Alternate translation: “None of you can make your life any longer by being anxious!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@ LUK 12 45 aku7 figs-metonymy εἴπῃ…τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 say
LUK 12 45 cu5k χρονίζει ὁ κύριός μου ἔρχεσθαι 1 My master is taking a long time to return “My master will not return soon”
LUK 12 45 juc5 τοὺς παῖδας καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας 1 the male and female servants The words that are translated here as “male and female servants” are normally translated as “boys” and “girls.” They may indicate that the servants were young or that they were dear to their master.
LUK 12 46 j1m1 figs-merism ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 in a day when he does not expect, and in an hour that he does not know The words “day” and “hour” form a merism of time that refers to any time, and the words “expect” and “know” have similar meanings, so the two phrases here are parallel to emphasize that the coming of the lord will be a total surprise to the servant. However, the phrases should not be combined unless your language has no different words for “know” and “expect” or “day” and “hour.” Alternate translation: “at a time when the servant is not expecting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
LUK 12 46 vg1d figs-hyperbole διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν, καὶ τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει 1 will cut him in pieces and appoint a place for him with the unfaithful Possible meanings are 1) this is an exaggeration for the master dealing out harsh punishment toward the slave, or 2) this describes the manner in which the servant will be executed and buried as punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 12 46 vg1d figs-hyperbole διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν, καὶ τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει 1 will cut him in pieces and appoint a place for him with the unfaithful Possible meanings are (1) this is an exaggeration for the master dealing out harsh punishment toward the slave, or (2) this describes the manner in which the servant will be executed and buried as punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 12 47 p1l2 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling the parable.
LUK 12 47 im3v figs-activepassive ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὁ δοῦλος, ὁ γνοὺς τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ ἑτοιμάσας ἢ ποιήσας πρὸς τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, δαρήσεται πολλάς 1 But that servant, the one having known the will of his master, and not having prepared or done according to his will, will be beaten with many blows This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “But as for the servant who knows his lord’s will does not prepare or do according to it, the master will beat him with many blows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 47 aj41 τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ…πρὸς τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ 1 the will of his master…according to his will “what his master wanted him to do…it”
@ -1668,7 +1668,7 @@ LUK 12 48 ehu9 figs-activepassive παντὶ δὲ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, π
LUK 12 48 qg96 figs-activepassive ᾧ…πολύ, περισσότερον αἰτήσουσιν αὐτόν 1 to whom…much, even more will be asked This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the master will ask even more of the one…much” or “the master will require even more of the one…much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 48 ir7m figs-activepassive ᾧ παρέθεντο πολύ 1 to whom much has been entrusted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one to whom the master has given much property to take care of” or “the one to whom the master has given much responsibility” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 49 z7wu 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to teach his disciples.
LUK 12 49 qy62 figs-metaphor πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 I came to cast fire upon the earth “I came to throw fire on the earth” or “I came to set the earth on fire.” Possible meanings are 1) Jesus has come to judge people or 2) Jesus has come to purify believers or 3) Jesus has come to cause division among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 49 qy62 figs-metaphor πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 I came to cast fire upon the earth “I came to throw fire on the earth” or “I came to set the earth on fire.” Possible meanings are (1) Jesus has come to judge people or (2) Jesus has come to purify believers or (3) Jesus has come to cause division among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 12 49 ygv3 figs-exclamations τί θέλω εἰ ἤδη ἀνήφθη 1 how I wish that it were already kindled This exclamation emphasizes how much he wants this to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that it was already lit” or “how I wish that it had already begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
LUK 12 50 hn1j figs-metaphor βάπτισμα…ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι 1 I have a baptism to be baptized with Here “baptism” refers to what Jesus must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. Alternate translation: “I must go through a baptism of terrible suffering” or “I must be overwhelmed by suffering as a person being baptized is covered by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 12 50 k4e8 δὲ 1 But The word “but” is used to show that he cannot cast the fire on the earth until after he goes through his baptism.
@ -1778,7 +1778,7 @@ LUK 13 31 v3di 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in this part of
LUK 13 31 pe5i ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 At that same hour “Soon after Jesus finished speaking”
LUK 13 31 r41z ἔξελθε καὶ πορεύου ἐντεῦθεν, ὅτι Ἡρῴδης θέλει σε ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Leave and go away from here, because Herod wants to kill you Translate this as a warning to Jesus. They were advising him to go somewhere else and be safe.
LUK 13 31 l7fe Ἡρῴδης θέλει σε ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Herod wants to kill you Herod would order people to kill Jesus. Alternate translation: “Herod wants to send his men to kill you”
LUK 13 32 af7k figs-metaphor τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ 1 that fox Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 32 af7k figs-metaphor τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ 1 that fox Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. Possible meanings are (1) Herod was not much of a threat at all (2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 33 p9za πλὴν 1 Nevertheless “Nevertheless” or “However” or “Whatever happens”
LUK 13 33 nbk7 figs-irony οὐκ ἐνδέχεται προφήτην ἀπολέσθαι ἔξω Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 it is not acceptable to kill a prophet away from Jerusalem The Jewish leaders claimed to serve God. And yet their ancestors killed many of God’s prophets in Jerusalem, and Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. Alternate translation: “it is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders kill God’s messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
LUK 13 34 v65r 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes responding to the Pharisees. This is the end of this part of the story.
@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ LUK 13 34 zhg8 figs-activepassive τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸ
LUK 13 34 rj48 ποσάκις ἠθέλησα 1 How often I desired “I so often desired.” This is an exclamation and not a question.
LUK 13 34 q1i3 figs-metonymy ἐπισυνάξαι τὰ τέκνα σου 1 to gather your children The people of Jerusalem are described as her “children.” Alternate translation: “to gather your people” or “to gather the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 13 34 kb9t figs-metaphor ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις τὴν ἑαυτῆς νοσσιὰν ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας 1 the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings This describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 35 w1v2 figs-metaphor ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house is abandoned This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. Possible meanings are 1) God will abandon them. Alternate translation: “God will abandon you” or 2) their city will be empty. Alternate translation: “your house will be abandoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 35 w1v2 figs-metaphor ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house is abandoned This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. Possible meanings are (1) God will abandon them. Alternate translation: “God will abandon you” or (2) their city will be empty. Alternate translation: “your house will be abandoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 13 35 x4y6 οὐ μὴ με ἴδητέ ἕως ἥξει ὅτε εἴπητε 1 you will not see me until you say “you will not see me until the time comes when you will say” or “the next time you see me, you will say”
LUK 13 35 v6lj figs-metonymy ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 the name of the Lord Here “name” refers to the Lord’s power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 14 intro xk3w 0 # Luke 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Verse 3 says, “Jesus asked the experts in the Jewish law and the Pharisees, ‘Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not?’” Many times, the Pharisees got angry with Jesus for healing on the Sabbath. In this passage, Jesus dumbfounds the Pharisees. It was normally the Pharisees who tried to trap Jesus.<br><br>### Changes of subject<br><br>Many times in this chapter Luke changes from one subject to another without marking the changes.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Parable<br><br>Jesus told the parable in [Luke 14:15-24](./15.md) to teach that the kingdom of God will be something that everyone can enjoy. But people will refuse to be part of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: “for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted” ([Luke 14:11](../../luk/14/11.md)).<br>
@ -1880,7 +1880,7 @@ LUK 14 29 ym3a figs-explicit μὴ ἰσχύοντος ἐκτελέσαι 1 is
LUK 14 31 lg6h 0 General Information: Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple.
LUK 14 31 p1ri ἢ 1 Or Jesus used this word to introduce another situation where people count the cost before making a decision.
LUK 14 31 vp3u figs-rquestion τίς βασιλεὺς…οὐχὶ καθίσας πρῶτον βουλεύσεται…εἴκοσι χιλιάδων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπ’ αὐτόν? 1 what king…will not sit down first and determine…twenty thousand men? Jesus uses another question to teach the crowd about counting the cost. Alternate translation: “you know that a king…would sit down first and take counsel…men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 14 31 tl37 βουλεύσεται 1 determine Possible meanings are 1) “think carefully “ or 2) “listen to his advisors.”
LUK 14 31 tl37 βουλεύσεται 1 determine Possible meanings are (1) “think carefully “ or (2) “listen to his advisors.”
LUK 14 31 xy87 translate-numbers δέκα χιλιάσιν…εἴκοσι χιλιάδων 1 ten thousand…twenty thousand “10,000…20,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
LUK 14 32 dpc5 figs-ellipsis εἰ δὲ μή γε 1 But if not It may be helpful to state more information. Alternate translation: “If he realizes that he will not be able to defeat the other king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
LUK 14 32 p5h6 τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην 1 terms of peace “terms to end the war” or “what the other king wants him to do in order to end the war”
@ -1964,7 +1964,7 @@ LUK 15 29 d2t6 οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον 1 nev
LUK 15 29 ph4q figs-explicit ἔριφον 1 a young goat A young goat was smaller and less expensive than a fatted calf. Alternate translation: “even a young goat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 30 y27h ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος 1 this son of yours “that son of yours.” The older son refers to his brother this way in order to show how angry he is.
LUK 15 30 vip3 figs-metaphor ὁ καταφαγών σου τὸν βίον 1 who has devoured your living Food is a metaphor for money. After one eats food, the food is no longer there and there is nothing to eat. The money that the brother had received was no longer there and there was no more to spend. Alternate translation: “wasted all your wealth” or “thrown away all your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 15 30 e6ig figs-hyperbole μετὰ πορνῶν 1 with prostitutes Possible meanings are 1) he assumed this is how his brother spent the money or 2) he speaks of prostitutes to exaggerate the sinfulness of his brother’s actions in the “country far away” ([Luke 15:13](../15/13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 15 30 e6ig figs-hyperbole μετὰ πορνῶν 1 with prostitutes Possible meanings are (1) he assumed this is how his brother spent the money or (2) he speaks of prostitutes to exaggerate the sinfulness of his brother’s actions in the “country far away” ([Luke 15:13](../15/13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 15 30 vf31 figs-explicit τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον 1 the fattened calf A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](../15/23.md). Alternate translation: “the best calf” or “the young animal we have been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 15 31 b5s3 ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 Then he said to him “Then the father said to his older son”
LUK 15 32 c35s ὁ ἀδελφός σου οὗτος 1 this brother of yours The father was reminding the older son that the one who just came home was his brother.
@ -2001,13 +2001,13 @@ LUK 16 8 a1yq οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 the sons o
LUK 16 8 lvx7 figs-metaphor τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς 1 the sons of light Here “light” is a metaphor for everything godly. Alternate translation: “the people of God” or “godly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 16 9 agp3 ἐγὼ ὑμῖν λέγω 1 I say to you “I” refers to Jesus. The phrase “I say to you” marks the end of the story and now Jesus tells the people how to apply the story to their lives.
LUK 16 9 jkn7 ἑαυτοῖς ποιήσατε φίλους ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous wealth The focus here is on using the money to help other people. Alternate translation: “make people your friends by helping them with worldly wealth”
LUK 16 9 q2jb figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 by means of unrighteous wealth Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money “unrighteous” because it has no eternal value. Alternate translation: “by using money, which has no eternal value” or “by using worldly money” or 2) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money “unrighteous” because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate translation: “by using even money that you earned dishonestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 9 u394 δέξωνται 1 they may receive This may refer to 1) God in heaven, who is pleased that you used money to help people, or 2) the friends you helped with your money .
LUK 16 9 q2jb figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 by means of unrighteous wealth Possible meanings are (1) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money “unrighteous” because it has no eternal value. Alternate translation: “by using money, which has no eternal value” or “by using worldly money” or (2) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money “unrighteous” because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate translation: “by using even money that you earned dishonestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 9 u394 δέξωνται 1 they may receive This may refer to (1) God in heaven, who is pleased that you used money to help people, or (2) the friends you helped with your money .
LUK 16 9 kq56 αἰωνίους σκηνάς 1 eternal dwellings This refers to heaven, where God lives.
LUK 16 10 sk2f figs-gendernotations ὁ πιστὸς…καὶ…πιστός ἐστιν…ὁ…ἄδικος…καὶ…ἄδικός ἐστιν 1 He who is faithful…is also faithful…he who is unrighteous…is also unrighteous “People who are faithful…are also faithful…people who are unrighteous…are also unrighteous.” This would include women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
LUK 16 10 we3j πιστὸς ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ 1 is faithful in very little “faithful even with small things.” Make sure this does not sound like they are not very faithful.
LUK 16 10 r8hz ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ ἄδικος 1 is unrighteous in very little “unrighteous even in small things.” Make sure this does not sound like they are not often unrighteous.
LUK 16 11 tm3w figs-metonymy τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ 1 unrighteous wealth See how you translated this in [Luke 16:9](../16/09.md). Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money “unrighteous” because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate translation: “even money that you earned dishonestly” or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money “unrighteous” because it has no eternal value. Alternate translation: “money, which has no eternal value” or “by using worldly money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 11 tm3w figs-metonymy τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ 1 unrighteous wealth See how you translated this in [Luke 16:9](../16/09.md). Possible meanings are (1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money “unrighteous” because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate translation: “even money that you earned dishonestly” or (2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money “unrighteous” because it has no eternal value. Alternate translation: “money, which has no eternal value” or “by using worldly money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 16 11 cv6s figs-rquestion τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει? 1 who will entrust true wealth to you? Jesus uses a question to teach the people. Alternate translation: “no one will trust you with true wealth.” or “no one will give you true wealth to manage.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 16 11 x2hr τὸ ἀληθινὸν 1 true wealth This refers to wealth that is more genuine, real, or lasting than money.
LUK 16 12 uy96 figs-rquestion τὸ ὑμέτερον τίς ὑμῖν δώσει 1 who will give to you that which is your own? Jesus uses this question to teach the people. Alternate translation: “no one will give you wealth for yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2147,7 +2147,7 @@ LUK 17 20 v1jb 0 General Information: We do not know where this event takes pl
LUK 17 20 lvu1 writing-newevent ἐπερωτηθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Φαρισαίων πότε ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Now being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, This is the beginning of a new event. Some translations start it with “One day” or “Once.” It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “One day the Pharisees asked Jesus, ‘When will the kingdom of God come?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LUK 17 20 yc3i figs-explicit οὐκ ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ μετὰ παρατηρήσεως 1 The kingdom of God does not come with careful observing People thought that they would be able to see signs of the kingdom coming. The idea of signs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God does not come with signs that people can observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 17 21 xpi7 figs-abstractnouns ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is in the midst of you The idea of the noun “kingdom” can be expressed with the verb “rules.” Alternate translation: “God rules within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LUK 17 21 xj7z ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is in the midst of you Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who were hostile to him. Possible meanings are 1) the word “you” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is within people” or 2) the word translated “within” means “among.” Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is among you”
LUK 17 21 xj7z ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is in the midst of you Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who were hostile to him. Possible meanings are (1) the word “you” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is within people” or (2) the word translated “within” means “among.” Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is among you”
LUK 17 22 e8uu 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach his disciples.
LUK 17 22 x3y2 figs-metaphor ἐλεύσονται ἡμέραι ὅτε 1 The days will come when The idea of days coming represents something being soon. Alternate translation: “A time is coming when” or “Soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 17 22 v2i3 ἐπιθυμήσετε…ἰδεῖν 1 you will desire to see “you will want very much to see” or “you will wish to experience”
@ -2221,7 +2221,7 @@ LUK 18 9 pmp1 πρός τινας 1 to some “to some people”
LUK 18 9 b6zy τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς, ὅτι εἰσὶν δίκαιοι 1 who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous “who had convinced themselves that they were righteous” or “who thought they were righteous”
LUK 18 9 rs6q ἐξουθενοῦντας 1 who despised strongly disliked or hated
LUK 18 10 qp39 εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 into the temple “into the temple courtyard”
LUK 18 11 mi9g ὁ Φαρισαῖος σταθεὶς ταῦτα πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο 1 The Pharisee stood and was praying this to himself The meaning of the Greek text of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself in this way” or 2) “The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed.”
LUK 18 11 mi9g ὁ Φαρισαῖος σταθεὶς ταῦτα πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο 1 The Pharisee stood and was praying this to himself The meaning of the Greek text of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) “The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself in this way” or (2) “The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed.”
LUK 18 11 lud3 ἅρπαγες 1 robbers Robbers are people who steal from other people by forcing the other people to give things to them, or by threatening to harm them if they refuse to give what the robbers ask for.
LUK 18 11 z78w figs-explicit ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 1 or even like this tax collector The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 18 12 ru63 πάντα, ὅσα κτῶμαι 1 of all that I get “everything I earn”
@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ LUK 19 8 u2bt ἀποδίδωμι τετραπλοῦν 1 I will restore four t
LUK 19 9 h8ep figs-abstractnouns σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο 1 salvation has come to this house It was understood that salvation comes from God. Alternate translation: “God has saved this household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 19 9 i8yg figs-metonymy τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 this house The word “house” here refers to the people living in the house or the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 19 9 f65b καὶ αὐτὸς 1 he too “this man too” or “Zacchaeus also”
LUK 19 9 v3hq υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ 1 a son of Abraham Possible meanings are 1) “descendant of Abraham” and 2) “person who has faith as Abraham did.”
LUK 19 9 v3hq υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ 1 a son of Abraham Possible meanings are (1) “descendant of Abraham” and (2) “person who has faith as Abraham did.”
LUK 19 10 myp2 ἦλθεν…ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man came Jesus is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, came”
LUK 19 10 fqx4 τὸ ἀπολωλός 1 those who are lost “the people who have wandered away from God” or “those who by sinning have wandered away from God”
LUK 19 11 vue7 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell a parable to the crowd. Verse 11 gives background information about why Jesus tells the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -2500,7 +2500,7 @@ LUK 20 21 q9q4 0 Connecting Statement: This is the beginning of the next event
LUK 20 21 xn1w ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν 1 they asked him “The spies asked Jesus”
LUK 20 21 i3fr Διδάσκαλε, οἴδαμεν…ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις 1 Teacher, we know…you teach the way of God in truth The spies were trying to deceive Jesus. They did not believe these things about Jesus.
LUK 20 21 v93z figs-exclusive οἴδαμεν 1 we know “we” refers only to the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
LUK 20 21 fi1t figs-activepassive οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον 1 do not show partiality Possible meanings are 1) “you tell the truth even if important people do not like it” or 2) “you do not favor one person over another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 21 fi1t figs-activepassive οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον 1 do not show partiality Possible meanings are (1) “you tell the truth even if important people do not like it” or (2) “you do not favor one person over another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 20 21 ubu9 ἀλλ’ ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις 1 but you teach the truth about the way of God This is part of what the spies were saying that they knew about Jesus.
LUK 20 22 fi6p ἔξεστιν…ἢ οὔ? 1 Is it lawful…or not? They hoped that Jesus would say either “yes” or “no.” If he said “yes,” then the Jewish people would be angry with him for telling them to pay taxes to a foreign government. If he said “no,” then the religious leaders could tell the Romans that Jesus was teaching the people to break the Roman laws.
LUK 20 22 j6wb ἔξεστιν 1 Is it lawful They were asking about God’s law, not about Caesar’s law. Alternate translation: “Does our law permit us”
@ -2619,8 +2619,8 @@ LUK 21 15 d3zh σοφίαν, ᾗ οὐ δυνήσονται ἀντιστῆν
LUK 21 15 z6ua ἐγὼ…δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καὶ σοφίαν 1 I will give you speech and wisdom “I will tell you what wise things to say”
LUK 21 15 gm5t figs-hendiadys στόμα καὶ σοφίαν 1 speech and wisdom These can be combined into one phrase. Alternate translation: “words of wisdom” or “wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
LUK 21 16 xc2s figs-activepassive παραδοθήσεσθε…καὶ ὑπὸ γονέων, καὶ ἀδελφῶν, καὶ συγγενῶν, καὶ φίλων 1 you will also be delivered up by parents, brothers, relatives, and friends This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “even your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends will give you over to the authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 16 ue17 θανατώσουσιν ἐξ ὑμῶν 1 they will put some of you to death “they will kill some of you.” Possible meanings are 1) “the authorities will kill some of you” or 2) “those who deliver you up will kill some of you.” The first meaning is more likely.
LUK 21 17 wbh8 figs-hyperbole ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων 1 You will be hated by everyone This can be translated in active form. The word “everyone” emphasizes how many people will hate the disciples, either through 1) exaggeration Alternate translation: “It will seem like you are hated by everyone” or “It will seem like everyone hates you” or 2) a generalization. Alternate translation: “You will be hated by most people” or “Most people will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 16 ue17 θανατώσουσιν ἐξ ὑμῶν 1 they will put some of you to death “they will kill some of you.” Possible meanings are (1) “the authorities will kill some of you” or (2) “those who deliver you up will kill some of you.” The first meaning is more likely.
LUK 21 17 wbh8 figs-hyperbole ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων 1 You will be hated by everyone This can be translated in active form. The word “everyone” emphasizes how many people will hate the disciples, either through (1) exaggeration Alternate translation: “It will seem like you are hated by everyone” or “It will seem like everyone hates you” or (2) a generalization. Alternate translation: “You will be hated by most people” or “Most people will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 17 lm66 figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 because of my name “my name” here refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 18 y7bi figs-synecdoche καὶ θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν, οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται 1 But not a hair of your head will perish Jesus speaks of one of the smallest parts of a person. He is emphasizing that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death, so some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually. Alternate translation: “But these things cannot really harm you” or “Even every hair on your head will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
LUK 21 19 g85h ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν 1 By your endurance “By holding firm.” This can be stated in the opposite way. Alternate translation: “If you do not quit”
@ -2634,18 +2634,18 @@ LUK 21 22 vs2g ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως αὗταί εἰσιν 1 th
LUK 21 22 eba2 figs-activepassive τοῦ…πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα 1 all the things that have been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the things that the prophets wrote in the scriptures long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 22 f9es figs-activepassive πλησθῆναι 1 to fulfill This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 23 e1pj ταῖς θηλαζούσαις 1 to those who are nursing “to mothers who are nursing their babies”
LUK 21 23 mzp3 ἔσται…ἀνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 there will be great distress upon the land Possible meanings are 1) the people of the land will be distressed or 2) there will be physical disasters in the land.
LUK 21 23 mzp3 ἔσται…ἀνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 there will be great distress upon the land Possible meanings are (1) the people of the land will be distressed or (2) there will be physical disasters in the land.
LUK 21 23 iw4r figs-explicit ὀργὴ τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ 1 wrath to this people “there will be wrath to the people at that time.” God will bring this wrath. Alternate translation: “this people will experience God’s anger” or “God will be very angry and will punish this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 21 24 lmj8 figs-metonymy πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρης 1 They will fall by the mouth of the sword “They will be killed by the edge of the sword.” Here “fall by the mouth of the sword” represents being killed by enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “Enemy soldiers will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 24 cg3n figs-activepassive αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα 1 they will be led captive into all the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 24 zn4e figs-hyperbole εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα 1 into all the nations The word “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will be led into many countries. Alternate translation: “into many other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
LUK 21 24 j7kw figs-activepassive Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or 2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or 3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 24 j7kw figs-activepassive Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles Possible meanings are (1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or (2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or (3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 24 d356 figs-metaphor πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 trampled by the Gentiles This metaphor speaks of Jerusalem as if the people of other nations was walking on it and crushing it down with their feet. This refers to domination. Alternate translation: “conquered by the Gentiles” or “destroyed by the other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 21 24 na6l figs-activepassive πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν 1 the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the period of the Gentiles has come to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 25 bza4 συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν 1 the nations will be distressed Here “the nations” refers to the people in them. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will be distressed”
LUK 21 25 sz1c συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν, ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἤχους θαλάσσης καὶ σάλου 1 will be distressed and anxious at the roaring and tossing of the sea “distress because they will be anxious about the roar of the sea and its waves” or “distress, and the loud noise of the sea and its rough movements will frighten them.” This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas.
LUK 21 26 az37 τῶν ἐπερχομένων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ 1 the things which are coming upon the world “the things that will happen in the world” or “the things that will happen to the world”
LUK 21 26 wn9g figs-activepassive αἱ…δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται 1 the powers of the heavens will be shaken This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) that God will shake the sun moon and stars so they do not move in their normal way or 2) God will trouble the powerful spirits in the heavens. The first is recommended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 26 wn9g figs-activepassive αἱ…δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται 1 the powers of the heavens will be shaken This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) that God will shake the sun moon and stars so they do not move in their normal way or (2) God will trouble the powerful spirits in the heavens. The first is recommended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 21 27 k9pr figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἐρχόμενον 1 the Son of Man coming Jesus is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “me, the Son Man, coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LUK 21 27 wyj9 ἐρχόμενον ἐν νεφέλῃ 1 coming in a cloud “coming down in a cloud”
LUK 21 27 acp6 μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης πολλῆς 1 with power and great glory Here “power” probably refers to his authority to judge the world. Here “glory” may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. Alternate translation: “powerfully and gloriously” or “and he will be powerful and very glorious”
@ -2659,7 +2659,7 @@ LUK 21 31 y81z οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὅταν ἴδητε ταῦ
LUK 21 31 t1ca figs-metonymy ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God is near “God will soon establish his kingdom.” Alternate translation: “God will soon rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 21 32 bj9e 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching his disciples.
LUK 21 32 gsh9 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This expression emphasizes the importance of what Jesus is about to say.
LUK 21 32 h921 ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation Possible meanings are 1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus speaks of or 2) the generation Jesus is speaking to. The first is more likely.
LUK 21 32 h921 ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation Possible meanings are (1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus speaks of or (2) the generation Jesus is speaking to. The first is more likely.
LUK 21 32 m3il οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ…ἕως ἂν 1 will not pass away until This could be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will still be alive when”
LUK 21 33 t53u ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσονται 1 Heaven and earth will pass away “Heaven and earth will cease to exist.” The word “heaven” here refers to the sky and the universe beyond it.
LUK 21 33 c3yl figs-metonymy οἱ…λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρελεύσονται 1 my words will never pass away “my words will never cease to exist” or “my words will never fail.” Jesus uses “words” here to refer to everything he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2675,7 +2675,7 @@ LUK 21 35 qh1b ἐπεισελεύσεται…ἐπὶ πάντας 1 it will
LUK 21 35 ry3f figs-metaphor ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς 1 on the face of the whole earth The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it were the outward part of the face of a person. Alternate translation: “on the surface of the whole earth” or “on the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LUK 21 36 auh8 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes teaching his disciples.
LUK 21 36 m4l4 ἀγρυπνεῖτε 1 be alert “be ready for my coming”
LUK 21 36 y5ny κατισχύσητε ἐκφυγεῖν ταῦτα πάντα 1 you may be strong enough to escape all these things Possible meanings are 1) “strong enough to endure these things” or 2) “able to avoid these things.”
LUK 21 36 y5ny κατισχύσητε ἐκφυγεῖν ταῦτα πάντα 1 you may be strong enough to escape all these things Possible meanings are (1) “strong enough to endure these things” or (2) “able to avoid these things.”
LUK 21 36 hjy1 ταῦτα πάντα τὰ μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι 1 all these things that are about to take place “these things that will happen.” Jesus has just told them about terrible things that will happen, such as persecution, war, and captivity.
LUK 21 36 h83d σταθῆναι ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 to stand before the Son of Man “to stand with confidence before the Son of Man.” This probably refers to when the Son of Man judges everyone. A person who is not ready will be afraid of the Son of Man and will not stand with confidence.
LUK 21 37 tfe8 writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story that begins in [Luke 20:1](../20/01.md). These verses tell about ongoing action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
@ -2691,7 +2691,7 @@ LUK 22 1 q8fa writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to introduce a
LUK 22 1 jjy9 figs-explicit ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the Festival of Unleavened Bread The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. Alternate translation: “festival when they would eat unleavened bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 1 u5jm ἤγγιζεν 1 was approaching “was almost ready to begin”
LUK 22 2 n9v6 τὸ πῶς ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν 1 how they might put him to death The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. Alternate translation: “how they might cause Jesus to be put to death” or “how they could cause someone to kill Jesus”
LUK 22 2 aij5 ἐφοβοῦντο…τὸν λαόν 1 they were afraid of the people Possible meanings are 1) “scared of what the people might do” or 2) “scared that the people would make Jesus king.”
LUK 22 2 aij5 ἐφοβοῦντο…τὸν λαόν 1 they were afraid of the people Possible meanings are (1) “scared of what the people might do” or (2) “scared that the people would make Jesus king.”
LUK 22 3 gf9s 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the action in this part of the story.
LUK 22 3 r65v εἰσῆλθεν…Σατανᾶς εἰς Ἰούδαν…Ἰσκαριώτην 1 Satan entered into Judas…Iscariot This was probably very similar to demon possession.
LUK 22 4 t5uz τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν 1 the chief priests “the leaders of the priests”
@ -2729,7 +2729,7 @@ LUK 22 14 lnc6 ἀνέπεσεν 1 he reclined at table “Jesus sat down”
LUK 22 15 hue3 ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα 1 I have greatly desired “I have wanted very much”
LUK 22 15 s1sj πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν 1 before I suffer Jesus is referring ahead to his death. The word for “suffer” here means to go through an unusually difficult or painful experience.
LUK 22 16 gbj7 λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν 1 For I say to you Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next.
LUK 22 16 k28r figs-activepassive ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ 1 until when it is fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished. Alternate translation: “until God fulfills it” or “until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival” or 2) “until we celebrate the final Passover Festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 16 k28r figs-activepassive ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ 1 until when it is fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished. Alternate translation: “until God fulfills it” or “until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival” or (2) “until we celebrate the final Passover Festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 17 l5e6 δεξάμενος ποτήριον 1 he took a cup “picked up a cup of wine”
LUK 22 17 d7pc εὐχαριστήσας 1 when he had given thanks “when he had given thanks to God”
LUK 22 17 li2n εἶπεν 1 he said “he said to his apostles”
@ -2739,7 +2739,7 @@ LUK 22 18 h5tl τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 the fruit o
LUK 22 18 crv5 ἕως οὗ ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔλθῃ 1 until the kingdom of God comes “until God establishes his kingdom” or “until God rules in his kingdom”
LUK 22 19 nd2m ἄρτον 1 bread This bread did not have yeast in it, so it was flat.
LUK 22 19 d3yc ἔκλασεν 1 he broke it “he ripped it” or “he tore it.” He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation.
LUK 22 19 d8r1 τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου 1 This is my body Possible meanings are 1) “This bread is my body” and 2) “This bread represents my body.”
LUK 22 19 d8r1 τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου 1 This is my body Possible meanings are (1) “This bread is my body” and (2) “This bread represents my body.”
LUK 22 19 lc9m figs-activepassive τὸ σῶμά μου, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον 1 my body which is given for you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my body, which I will give for you” or “my body, which I will sacrifice for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 19 cxy5 τοῦτο ποιεῖτε 1 Do this “Eat this bread”
LUK 22 19 c4hy εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν 1 in remembrance of me “in order to remember me”
@ -2798,9 +2798,9 @@ LUK 22 37 g4l7 figs-activepassive τὸ γεγραμμένον 1 this which is w
LUK 22 37 u9jx figs-activepassive δεῖ τελεσθῆναι 1 must be fulfilled The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. Alternate translation: “God will fulfill” or “God will cause to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 37 jf1f figs-activepassive μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη 1 He was counted with the lawless ones Here Jesus is quoting the scriptures. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People counted him as a member of the group of lawless men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 37 jz9d ἀνόμων 1 the lawless ones “those who break the law” or “the criminals”
LUK 22 37 se1d figs-activepassive καὶ γὰρ τὸ περὶ ἐμοῦ τέλος ἔχει 1 For indeed the things concerning me are being fulfilled Possible meanings are 1) “For what the prophet predicted about me is about to happen” or 2) “For my life is coming to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 37 se1d figs-activepassive καὶ γὰρ τὸ περὶ ἐμοῦ τέλος ἔχει 1 For indeed the things concerning me are being fulfilled Possible meanings are (1) “For what the prophet predicted about me is about to happen” or (2) “For my life is coming to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 38 ajs4 οἱ…εἶπαν 1 they said This refers to at least two of Jesus’ apostles.
LUK 22 38 kbt8 ἱκανόν ἐστιν 1 It is enough Possible meanings are 1) they have enough swords. “We now have enough swords.” or 2) Jesus wants them to stop talking about having swords. “No more of this talk about swords.” When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight.
LUK 22 38 kbt8 ἱκανόν ἐστιν 1 It is enough Possible meanings are (1) they have enough swords. “We now have enough swords.” or (2) Jesus wants them to stop talking about having swords. “No more of this talk about swords.” When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight.
LUK 22 39 zaw6 0 General Information: Jesus goes to the Mount of Olives to pray.
LUK 22 40 b6pz προσεύχεσθε μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμόν 1 Pray that you do not enter into temptation “that you are not tempted” or “that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin”
LUK 22 41 sp1s figs-idiom ὡσεὶ λίθου βολήν 1 about a stone’s throw “about the distance that someone can throw a stone.” Alternate translation: “a short distance” or with an estimated measurement like “about thirty meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2810,7 +2810,7 @@ LUK 22 42 ic7y figs-metaphor παρένεγκε τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριο
LUK 22 42 zw2y figs-activepassive πλὴν μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου, ἀλλὰ τὸ σὸν γινέσθω 1 Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “However, do what is according to your will rather than what is according to my will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 45 a9fg ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῆς προσευχῆς, ἐλθὼν 1 When he rose up from his prayer, he came “When Jesus got up after praying, he” or “After praying, Jesus got up and he”
LUK 22 45 gb3z εὗρεν κοιμωμένους αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης 1 found them sleeping because of their sorrow “saw that they were sleeping because they were tired from their sadness”
LUK 22 46 in7g figs-rquestion τί καθεύδετε? 1 Why are you sleeping? Possible meanings are 1) “I am surprised that you are sleeping now.” or 2) “You should not be sleeping now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 46 in7g figs-rquestion τί καθεύδετε? 1 Why are you sleeping? Possible meanings are (1) “I am surprised that you are sleeping now.” or (2) “You should not be sleeping now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
LUK 22 46 nl7w ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 so that you may not enter into temptation “so that you may not be tempted” or “so that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin”
LUK 22 47 kt25 writing-participants ἰδοὺ, ὄχλος 1 behold, a crowd appeared The word “behold” alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “there was a crowd that appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
LUK 22 47 mva7 προήρχετο αὐτούς 1 was leading them Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. Alternate translation: “leading them to Jesus”
@ -2862,7 +2862,7 @@ LUK 22 64 cl2v figs-irony προφήτευσον, τίς ἐστιν ὁ παί
LUK 22 64 q4g1 figs-explicit προφήτευσον 1 Prophesy! “Speak words from God!” The implied information is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him since Jesus was blindfolded and could not see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 22 66 wa4h 0 General Information: It is now the next day and Jesus is brought before the council.
LUK 22 66 v9m2 καὶ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡμέρα 1 Now when it was day “At dawn the next morning”
LUK 22 66 vp8u figs-activepassive ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ Συνέδριον αὐτῶν 1 They led him into their council Possible meanings are 1) “The elders had Jesus brought into the council” or 2) “The guards led Jesus into the council of the elders.” Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun “they” or by using a passive verb: “Jesus was led into the council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 66 vp8u figs-activepassive ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ Συνέδριον αὐτῶν 1 They led him into their council Possible meanings are (1) “The elders had Jesus brought into the council” or (2) “The guards led Jesus into the council of the elders.” Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun “they” or by using a passive verb: “Jesus was led into the council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LUK 22 67 br8y λέγοντες 1 saying A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “The elders said to Jesus”
LUK 22 67 h12k εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός, εἰπὸν ἡμῖν 1 If you are the Christ, tell us “Tell us if you are the Christ”
LUK 22 67 g8iy figs-hypo ἐὰν ὑμῖν εἴπω, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 If I tell you, you will certainly not believe This is the first of two hypothetical statements by Jesus. It was a way for Jesus to respond without giving them a reason to say that he was guilty of blasphemy. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -2887,7 +2887,7 @@ LUK 23 2 im4v διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 1 pervertin
LUK 23 2 xsa4 κωλύοντα φόρους…διδόναι 1 forbidding to give tribute “telling them not to pay taxes”
LUK 23 2 l68k figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 to Caesar Caesar represents the Emperor of Rome. Alternate translation: “to the Emperor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LUK 23 3 z5hu ὁ δὲ Πειλᾶτος ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν 1 So Pilate questioned him “Pilate asked Jesus”
LUK 23 3 ve4s figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 3 ve4s figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are (1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” or (2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
LUK 23 4 fx7d τοὺς ὄχλους 1 the crowds large groups of people
LUK 23 4 s8fi οὐδὲν εὑρίσκω αἴτιον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ 1 I find no fault in this man “I do not find this man guilty of anything”
LUK 23 5 yy6w ἀνασείει 1 He stirs up “causes trouble among”

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@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ JHN 3 4 yk9d figs-rquestion μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν
JHN 3 4 z64b δεύτερον 1 a second time “again” or “twice”
JHN 3 4 ppr8 τὴν κοιλίαν 1 womb the part of a woman’s body where a baby grows
JHN 3 5 il52 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](../03/03.md).
JHN 3 5 n6d7 figs-metaphor γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος 1 born of water and the Spirit There are two possible meanings: 1) “baptized in water and in the Spirit” or 2) “born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 3 5 n6d7 figs-metaphor γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος 1 born of water and the Spirit There are two possible meanings: (1) “baptized in water and in the Spirit” or (2) “born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 3 5 m37g figs-metaphor εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 enter into the kingdom of God The word “kingdom” is a metaphor for the rule of God in one’s life. Alternate translation: “experience the rule of God in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 3 7 t2sl 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus.
JHN 3 7 lpj4 δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν 1 You must be born again “You must be born from above”
@ -209,13 +209,13 @@ JHN 4 22 yj1y ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν 1
JHN 4 23 bs1p 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman.
JHN 4 23 atm4 ἀλλὰ ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσιν 1 However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will “However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to”
JHN 4 23 k1gf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τῷ Πατρὶ 1 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 4 23 fb51 ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ 1 in spirit and truth Possible meanings are the “spirit” here is 1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or 2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Spirit and in truth” or “with the Spirit’s help and in truth”
JHN 4 23 fb51 ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ 1 in spirit and truth Possible meanings are the “spirit” here is (1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Spirit and in truth” or “with the Spirit’s help and in truth”
JHN 4 23 utt7 ἐν…ἀληθείᾳ 1 in…truth thinking correctly of what is true about God
JHN 4 25 lp44 οἶδα ὅτι Μεσσίας ἔρχεται, ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 1 I know that the Messiah…Christ Both of these words mean “God’s promised king.”
JHN 4 25 u8nb figs-explicit ἐκεῖνος, ἀναγγελεῖ ἡμῖν ἅπαντα 1 he will explain everything to us The words “explain everything” imply all that the people need to know. Alternate translation: “he will tell us everything we need to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 4 27 vk5j ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἦλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ 1 At that moment his disciples returned “Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town”
JHN 4 27 p39j καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ὅτι μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐλάλει 1 Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
JHN 4 27 cbc9 οὐδεὶς μέντοι εἶπεν, τί ζητεῖς? ἢ, τί λαλεῖς μετ’ αὐτῆς? 1 no one said, “What…want?” or “Why…her?” Possible meanings are 1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or 2) “no one asked the woman, ‘What…want?’ or asked Jesus, ‘Why…her?’”
JHN 4 27 cbc9 οὐδεὶς μέντοι εἶπεν, τί ζητεῖς? ἢ, τί λαλεῖς μετ’ αὐτῆς? 1 no one said, “What…want?” or “Why…her?” Possible meanings are (1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or (2) “no one asked the woman, ‘What…want?’ or asked Jesus, ‘Why…her?’”
JHN 4 29 hb5h figs-hyperbole δεῦτε, ἴδετε ἄνθρωπον ὃς εἶπέ μοι πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησα 1 Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. Alternate translation: “Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 4 29 dl18 μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός 1 This could not be the Christ, could it? The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects “no” for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves.
JHN 4 31 t6hy ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ 1 In the meantime “While the woman was going into town”
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ JHN 5 38 rc2n τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ 1 his word “the message he spok
JHN 5 39 xi22 ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν 1 in them you have eternal life “you will find eternal life if you read them” or “the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life”
JHN 5 40 dzm2 οὐ θέλετε ἐλθεῖν πρός με 1 you are not willing to come to me “you refuse to believe my message”
JHN 5 41 c1rx λαμβάνω 1 receive accept
JHN 5 42 b1j4 τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 you do not have the love of God in yourselves This can mean 1) “you really do not love God” or 2) “you have really not received God’s love.”
JHN 5 42 b1j4 τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 you do not have the love of God in yourselves This can mean (1) “you really do not love God” or (2) “you have really not received God’s love.”
JHN 5 43 zw65 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 in my Father’s name Here the word “name” is a metonym that symbolizes God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “I have come with my Father’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 5 43 rtb9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 5 43 ue9f λαμβάνετέ 1 receive welcome as a friend
@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ JHN 6 42 bm3w figs-rquestion οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ
JHN 6 42 i81r figs-rquestion πῶς νῦν λέγει, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα 1 How then does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. Alternate translation: “He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 6 43 pk4s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the crowd and now also to the Jewish leaders.
JHN 6 44 s6b5 figs-idiom ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν 1 raise him up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 6 44 rr2m ἑλκύσῃ 1 draws This can mean 1) “pulls” or 2) “attracts.”
JHN 6 44 rr2m ἑλκύσῃ 1 draws This can mean (1) “pulls” or (2) “attracts.”
JHN 6 44 jb73 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 6 45 j1af figs-activepassive ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις 1 It is written in the prophets This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: “The prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 6 45 rk3b πᾶς ὁ ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ μαθὼν, ἔρχεται πρὸς ἐμέ 1 Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me The Jews thought Jesus was the “son of Joseph” ([John 6:42](../06/42.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son.
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ JHN 6 54 qia5 τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 at the last day “on the day
JHN 6 55 cik2 figs-metaphor ἡ…σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις 1 my flesh is true food…my blood is true drink The phrases “true food” and “true drink” are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 6 56 u3w4 ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ 1 remains in me, and I in him “has a close relationship with me”
JHN 6 57 dba2 καὶ ὁ τρώγων με 1 so he who eats me The phrase “eats me” is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JHN 6 57 nfz4 ζῶν Πατὴρ 1 living Father Possible meanings are 1) “the Father who gives life” or 2) “the Father who is alive.”
JHN 6 57 nfz4 ζῶν Πατὴρ 1 living Father Possible meanings are (1) “the Father who gives life” or (2) “the Father who is alive.”
JHN 6 57 m1l5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 6 58 m2nz οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς 1 This is the bread that has come down from heaven Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I am the bread that has come down from heaven” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
JHN 6 58 kv16 figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς 1 This is the bread that has come down from heaven The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -431,9 +431,9 @@ JHN 6 60 cp3k figs-rquestion τίς δύναται αὐτοῦ ἀκούειν
JHN 6 61 rn8i τοῦτο ὑμᾶς σκανδαλίζει 1 Does this offend you? “Does this shock you?” or “Does this upset you?”
JHN 6 62 r33r figs-rquestion ἐὰν οὖν θεωρῆτε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον 1 Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before? Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. Alternate translation: “Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 6 63 y558 ὠφελεῖ 1 profits The word “profit” means to cause good things to happen.
JHN 6 63 fy9p figs-metonymy ῥήματα 1 words Possible meanings are 1) Jesus’ words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 6 63 fy9p figs-metonymy ῥήματα 1 words Possible meanings are (1) Jesus’ words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or (2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 6 63 plw8 τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν 1 The words that I have spoken to you “What I have told you”
JHN 6 63 gb29 πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν 1 are spirit, and they are life Possible meanings are 1) “are about the Spirit and eternal life” or 2) “are from the Spirit and give eternal life” or 3) “are about spiritual things and life.”
JHN 6 63 gb29 πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν 1 are spirit, and they are life Possible meanings are (1) “are about the Spirit and eternal life” or (2) “are from the Spirit and give eternal life” or (3) “are about spiritual things and life.”
JHN 6 64 k7ir 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.
JHN 6 64 ey1e writing-background ᾔδει γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδώσων αὐτόν 1 For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones…who it was who would betray him Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 6 65 c3cl οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός 1 no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus.
@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ JHN 7 37 iy9e figs-metaphor ἐάν τις διψᾷ 1 If anyone is thirsty Here
JHN 7 37 ayn6 figs-metaphor ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω 1 let him come to me and drink The word “drink” is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. Alternate translation: “let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 7 38 u9cx ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή 1 He who believes in me, just as the scripture says “As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me”
JHN 7 38 uw2q figs-metaphor ποταμοὶ…ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος 1 rivers of living water will flow The “rivers of living water” is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually “thirsty.” Alternate translation: “spiritual life will flow like rivers of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 7 38 yt75 figs-metaphor ὕδατος ζῶντος 1 living water Possible meanings are 1) “water that gives life” or 2) “water that causes people to live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 7 38 yt75 figs-metaphor ὕδατος ζῶντος 1 living water Possible meanings are (1) “water that gives life” or (2) “water that causes people to live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 7 38 cx1q figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ 1 from his stomach Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: “from inside of him” or “from his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 7 39 i8wx writing-background 0 General Information: In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 7 39 syp9 δὲ εἶπεν 1 But he said Here “he” refers to Jesus.
@ -554,9 +554,9 @@ JHN 8 13 ih9h σὺ περὶ σεαυτοῦ μαρτυρεῖς 1 You bear wi
JHN 8 13 mrj6 figs-explicit ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής 1 your witness is not true The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. Alternate translation: “you cannot be your own witness” or “what you say about yourself may not be true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 8 14 x9rf κἂν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ 1 Even if I bear witness about myself “Even if I say these things about myself”
JHN 8 15 k92s τὴν σάρκα 1 the flesh “human standards and the laws of men”
JHN 8 15 j79i ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα 1 I judge no one Possible meanings are 1) “I do not judge anyone yet” or 2) “I am not judging anyone now.”
JHN 8 16 xnn5 ἐὰν κρίνω…ἐγώ 1 if I judge Possible meanings are 1) “if I judge people” or 2) “whenever I judge people”
JHN 8 16 jb2f ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ ἀληθινή ἐστιν 1 my judgment is true Possible meanings are 1) “my judgment will be right” or 2) “my judgment is right.”
JHN 8 15 j79i ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα 1 I judge no one Possible meanings are (1) “I do not judge anyone yet” or (2) “I am not judging anyone now.”
JHN 8 16 xnn5 ἐὰν κρίνω…ἐγώ 1 if I judge Possible meanings are (1) “if I judge people” or (2) “whenever I judge people”
JHN 8 16 jb2f ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ ἀληθινή ἐστιν 1 my judgment is true Possible meanings are (1) “my judgment will be right” or (2) “my judgment is right.”
JHN 8 16 emx1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples μόνος οὐκ εἰμί, ἀλλ’ ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ 1 I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 8 16 ev1r figs-explicit μόνος οὐκ εἰμί 1 I am not alone The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: “I am not alone in how I judge” or “I do not judge alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 8 16 f6nu ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ…Πατήρ 1 I am with the Father The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: “the Father also judges with me” or “the Father judges as I do”
@ -581,13 +581,13 @@ JHN 8 23 a7ny ἐγὼ ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί 1 I am from above “I c
JHN 8 23 svn1 ὑμεῖς ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κόσμου ἐστέ 1 You are of this world “You belong to this world”
JHN 8 23 w9jl ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 I am not of this world “I do not belong to this world”
JHN 8 24 jgw4 ἀποθανεῖσθε ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you will die in your sins “you will die without God’s forgiving your sins”
JHN 8 24 he1k ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι 1 that I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: “I am from above.”
JHN 8 24 he1k ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι 1 that I AM Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: “I am from above.”
JHN 8 25 t7tv ἔλεγον 1 They said The word “They” refers to the Jewish leaders ([John 8:22](../08/22.md)).
JHN 8 26 lsc7 figs-metonymy ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1 these things I say to the world Here the “world” is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “these things I say to all the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 8 27 hh1s guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Πατέρα 1 the Father This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. Alternate translation: “his Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 8 28 x6ca ὅταν ὑψώσητε 1 When you have lifted up This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him.
JHN 8 28 er3s Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Son of Man Jesus used the title “Son of Man” to refer to himself.
JHN 8 28 tcs5 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
JHN 8 28 tcs5 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I AM Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
JHN 8 28 vq9k guidelines-sonofgodprinciples καθὼς ἐδίδαξέν με ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτα λαλῶ 1 As the Father taught me, I speak these things “I am only saying what my Father taught me to say.” The word “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 8 29 w9cl ὁ πέμψας με 1 He who sent me The word “He” refers to God.
JHN 8 30 ld9x ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος 1 As Jesus was saying these things “As Jesus spoke these words”
@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ JHN 8 57 erp5 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story
JHN 8 57 yzf9 figs-synecdoche εἶπον…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς αὐτόν 1 The Jews said to him Here the “Jews” is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 8 57 r1ek figs-rquestion πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις, καὶ Ἀβραὰμ ἑώρακας 1 You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham? The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. Alternate translation: “You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 8 58 rnw4 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 8 58 k4tp ἐγὼ εἰμί 1 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus is saying, “before Abraham existed, I existed.”
JHN 8 58 k4tp ἐγὼ εἰμί 1 I AM Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus is saying, “before Abraham existed, I existed.”
JHN 8 59 bxs5 figs-explicit ἦραν οὖν λίθους, ἵνα βάλωσιν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 Then they picked up stones to throw at him The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. Alternate translation: “Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 9 intro hq31 0 # John 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Who sinned?”<br><br>Many of the Jews of Jesus’ time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### “He does not keep the Sabbath”<br><br>The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by making mud. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Seeing and being blind<br><br>Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they see that Jesus is able to heal blind people but they still do not believe that God sent him ([John 9:39-40](./39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 9:35](../../jhn/09/35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 9 1 fa5a 0 General Information: As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man.
@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ JHN 10 3 iac4 ὁ θυρωρὸς 1 The gatekeeper This is a hired man who watc
JHN 10 3 db3c τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει 1 The sheep hear his voice “The sheep hear the shepherd’s voice”
JHN 10 4 n1ta ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν πορεύεται 1 he goes ahead of them “he walks in front of them”
JHN 10 4 z8dm ὅτι οἴδασιν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ 1 for they know his voice “because they recognize his voice”
JHN 10 6 x5yl ἐκεῖνοι…οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 they did not understand Possible meanings: 1) “the disciples did not understand” or 2) “the crowd did not understand.”
JHN 10 6 x5yl ἐκεῖνοι…οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 they did not understand Possible meanings: (1) “the disciples did not understand” or (2) “the crowd did not understand.”
JHN 10 6 u3nw figs-metaphor ταύτην τὴν παροιμίαν 1 this parable This is an illustration from the work of shepherds, using metaphors. The “shepherd” is a metaphor for Jesus. The “sheep” represent those who follow Jesus, and the “strangers” are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 7 q3na 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parables he had spoken.
JHN 10 7 q4hs ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ JHN 10 33 h4kp ποιεῖς σεαυτὸν Θεόν 1 making yourself God “
JHN 10 34 qi82 figs-rquestion οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπα, θεοί ἐστε? 1 Is it not written…gods”’? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You should already know that it is written in your law that I said, ‘you are gods.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 10 34 b3gp θεοί ἐστε 1 You are gods Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers “gods,” perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth.
JHN 10 35 m8ji figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο 1 the word of God came Jesus speaks of God’s message as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. Alternate translation: “God spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 35 u9j2 οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή 1 the scripture cannot be broken Possible meanings are 1) “no one can change the scripture” or 2) “the scripture will always be true.”
JHN 10 35 u9j2 οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή 1 the scripture cannot be broken Possible meanings are (1) “no one can change the scripture” or (2) “the scripture will always be true.”
JHN 10 36 dvp5 figs-rquestion ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι 1 do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself “the Son of God.” Alternate translation: “you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ when I say that I am the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 10 36 fj9f βλασφημεῖς 1 You are blaspheming “You are insulting God.” Jesus’ opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God.
JHN 10 36 rax1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Father…Son of God These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ JHN 11 9 uv34 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ δώδεκα ὧραί εἰσιν τῆ
JHN 11 9 ln4r figs-metaphor ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει 1 If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. “Light” is a metaphor for “truth.” Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 11 10 hel4 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN 11 10 vm6h figs-metaphor ἐὰν…τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί 1 if he walks at night Here “night” is a metaphor that refers to one’s walking without God’s light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 11 10 c3im τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 the light is not in him Possible meanings are 1) “he cannot see” or “he does not have God’s light.”
JHN 11 10 c3im τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 the light is not in him Possible meanings are (1) “he cannot see” or (2) “he does not have God’s light.”
JHN 11 11 bev5 figs-idiom Λάζαρος ὁ φίλος ἡμῶν κεκοίμηται 1 Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep Here “fallen asleep” is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 11 11 ze1z figs-idiom ἀλλὰ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν 1 but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep The words “wake him out of sleep” form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 11 12 e5k2 writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 13 there is a break in the story line as John comments on the disciples’ misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ JHN 12 32 a7tc figs-activepassive κἀγὼ ἐὰν ὑψωθῶ ἐκ τῆς
JHN 12 32 n7i6 πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν 1 will draw everyone to myself Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him.
JHN 12 33 v7f3 writing-background τοῦτο…ἔλεγεν, σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν 1 He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die John interprets Jesus’ words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: “He said this to let the people know how he would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 34 mx1k figs-ellipsis δεῖ ὑψωθῆναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The Son of Man must be lifted up The phrase “lifted up” means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words “on a cross.” Alternate translation: “The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 12 34 t386 τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Who is this Son of Man? Possible meanings are 1) “What is the identity of this Son of Man? or 2) “What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?”
JHN 12 34 t386 τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Who is this Son of Man? Possible meanings are (1) “What is the identity of this Son of Man? or (2) “What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?”
JHN 12 35 l2w4 figs-metaphor εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον, τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. περιπατεῖτε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ; καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει 1 The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going Here “light” is a metaphor for Jesus’ teachings which reveal the truth of God. To “walk in darkness” is a metaphor that means to live without God’s truth. Alternate translation: “My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 36 j1rs figs-metaphor ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε 1 While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light The “light” is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. “sons of light” is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God’s truth. Alternate translation: “While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God’s truth will be in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 37 s1wh 0 General Information: This is a break in the main story line as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah.
@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ JHN 13 17 an8u figs-activepassive μακάριοί ἐστε 1 you are blessed H
JHN 13 18 u5fl figs-activepassive ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ 1 this so that the scripture will be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “this is in order to fulfill the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 13 18 v5pv figs-idiom ὁ τρώγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ’ ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ 1 He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me Here the phrase “eats my bread” is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase “lifted up his heel” is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. Alternate translation: “the one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 13 19 qd39 ἀπ’ ἄρτι λέγω ὑμῖν πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι 1 I tell you this now before it happens “I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens”
JHN 13 19 gg19 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
JHN 13 19 gg19 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I AM Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
JHN 13 20 di3t ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 13 21 bq84 ἐταράχθη 1 troubled concerned, upset
JHN 13 21 j7x1 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
@ -1024,9 +1024,9 @@ JHN 14 2 eca3 ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 In my Fath
JHN 14 2 v9px guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 2 fp9r μοναὶ πολλαί 1 many rooms The word “room” can refer to a single room, or to a larger dwelling.
JHN 14 2 xb2y figs-you πορεύομαι ἑτοιμάσαι τόπον ὑμῖν 1 I am going to prepare a place for you Jesus will prepare a place in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The “you” is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN 14 4 ir1d figs-metaphor τὴν ὁδόν 1 the way This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) “the way to God” or 2) “the one who takes people to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 4 ir1d figs-metaphor τὴν ὁδόν 1 the way This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings (1) “the way to God” or (2) “the one who takes people to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 5 e1dl πῶς δυνάμεθα τὴν ὁδὸν εἰδέναι 1 how can we know the way? “how can we know how to get there?”
JHN 14 6 i8le figs-metaphor ἡ ἀλήθεια 1 the truth This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) “the true person” or 2) “the one who speaks true words about God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 6 i8le figs-metaphor ἡ ἀλήθεια 1 the truth This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings (1) “the true person” or (2) “the one who speaks true words about God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 6 z9tr figs-metaphor ἡ ζωή 1 the life This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. Alternate translation: “the one who can make people alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 6 g5hn figs-explicit οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ δι’ ἐμοῦ 1 no one comes to the Father except through me People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. Alternate translation: “No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 6 f95q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατέρα 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ JHN 16 16 nq4g μικρὸν 1 In a short amount of time “Soon” or “Befor
JHN 16 16 en9b καὶ πάλιν μικρὸν 1 after another short amount of time “again, before much time passes”
JHN 16 17 f2sj 0 General Information: There is a break in Jesus’ speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant.
JHN 16 17 s9x3 μικρὸν…οὐ θεωρεῖτέ με 1 A short amount of time you will no longer see me The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
JHN 16 17 zd1n πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με 1 after another short amount of time you will see me Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus’ resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus’ coming at the end of time.
JHN 16 17 zd1n πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με 1 after another short amount of time you will see me Possible meanings are (1) This could refer to Jesus’ resurrection or (2) This could refer to Jesus’ coming at the end of time.
JHN 16 17 sz1v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Πατέρα 1 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 19 j7dv 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN 16 19 j7wv figs-rquestion περὶ τούτου ζητεῖτε μετ’ ἀλλήλων, ὅτι εἶπον, μικρὸν καὶ οὐ θεωρεῖτέ με; καὶ πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με 1 Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying,…see me’? Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: “You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said,…see me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ JHN 18 32 ta7m figs-activepassive ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ π
JHN 18 32 tu3c σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν 1 to indicate by what kind of death he would die “regarding how he would die”
JHN 18 35 kfq5 figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγὼ Ἰουδαῖός εἰμι 1 I am not a Jew, am I? This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 35 en38 τὸ ἔθνος τὸ σὸν 1 Your own people “Your fellow Jews”
JHN 18 36 gq19 figs-metonymy ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 My kingdom is not of this world Here “world” is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) “My kingdom is not part of this world” or 2) “I do not need this world’s permission to rule as their king” or “It is not from this world that I have authority to be king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 18 36 gq19 figs-metonymy ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 My kingdom is not of this world Here “world” is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are (1) “My kingdom is not part of this world” or (2) “I do not need this world’s permission to rule as their king” or “It is not from this world that I have authority to be king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 18 36 s2lq figs-activepassive ἄν, ἵνα μὴ παραδοθῶ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 so that I would not be given over to the Jews You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “and would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 18 36 pu8j figs-synecdoche τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 the Jews Here “Jews” is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 37 ug7i figs-synecdoche ἐλήλυθα εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1 I have come into the world Here “world” is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
117 JHN 3 4 z64b δεύτερον 1 a second time “again” or “twice”
118 JHN 3 4 ppr8 τὴν κοιλίαν 1 womb the part of a woman’s body where a baby grows
119 JHN 3 5 il52 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](../03/03.md).
120 JHN 3 5 n6d7 figs-metaphor γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος 1 born of water and the Spirit There are two possible meanings: 1) “baptized in water and in the Spirit” or 2) “born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) There are two possible meanings: (1) “baptized in water and in the Spirit” or (2) “born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121 JHN 3 5 m37g figs-metaphor εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 enter into the kingdom of God The word “kingdom” is a metaphor for the rule of God in one’s life. Alternate translation: “experience the rule of God in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122 JHN 3 7 t2sl 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus.
123 JHN 3 7 lpj4 δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν 1 You must be born again “You must be born from above”
209 JHN 4 23 bs1p 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman.
210 JHN 4 23 atm4 ἀλλὰ ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσιν 1 However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will “However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to”
211 JHN 4 23 k1gf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τῷ Πατρὶ 1 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
212 JHN 4 23 fb51 ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ 1 in spirit and truth Possible meanings are the “spirit” here is 1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or 2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Spirit and in truth” or “with the Spirit’s help and in truth” Possible meanings are the “spirit” here is (1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Spirit and in truth” or “with the Spirit’s help and in truth”
213 JHN 4 23 utt7 ἐν…ἀληθείᾳ 1 in…truth thinking correctly of what is true about God
214 JHN 4 25 lp44 οἶδα ὅτι Μεσσίας ἔρχεται, ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 1 I know that the Messiah…Christ Both of these words mean “God’s promised king.”
215 JHN 4 25 u8nb figs-explicit ἐκεῖνος, ἀναγγελεῖ ἡμῖν ἅπαντα 1 he will explain everything to us The words “explain everything” imply all that the people need to know. Alternate translation: “he will tell us everything we need to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
216 JHN 4 27 vk5j ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἦλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ 1 At that moment his disciples returned “Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town”
217 JHN 4 27 p39j καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ὅτι μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐλάλει 1 Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
218 JHN 4 27 cbc9 οὐδεὶς μέντοι εἶπεν, τί ζητεῖς? ἢ, τί λαλεῖς μετ’ αὐτῆς? 1 no one said, “What…want?” or “Why…her?” Possible meanings are 1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or 2) “no one asked the woman, ‘What…want?’ or asked Jesus, ‘Why…her?’” Possible meanings are (1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or (2) “no one asked the woman, ‘What…want?’ or asked Jesus, ‘Why…her?’”
219 JHN 4 29 hb5h figs-hyperbole δεῦτε, ἴδετε ἄνθρωπον ὃς εἶπέ μοι πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησα 1 Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. Alternate translation: “Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
220 JHN 4 29 dl18 μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός 1 This could not be the Christ, could it? The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects “no” for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves.
221 JHN 4 31 t6hy ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ 1 In the meantime “While the woman was going into town”
319 JHN 5 39 xi22 ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν 1 in them you have eternal life “you will find eternal life if you read them” or “the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life”
320 JHN 5 40 dzm2 οὐ θέλετε ἐλθεῖν πρός με 1 you are not willing to come to me “you refuse to believe my message”
321 JHN 5 41 c1rx λαμβάνω 1 receive accept
322 JHN 5 42 b1j4 τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 you do not have the love of God in yourselves This can mean 1) “you really do not love God” or 2) “you have really not received God’s love.” This can mean (1) “you really do not love God” or (2) “you have really not received God’s love.”
323 JHN 5 43 zw65 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 in my Father’s name Here the word “name” is a metonym that symbolizes God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “I have come with my Father’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
324 JHN 5 43 rtb9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
325 JHN 5 43 ue9f λαμβάνετέ 1 receive welcome as a friend
391 JHN 6 42 i81r figs-rquestion πῶς νῦν λέγει, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα 1 How then does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. Alternate translation: “He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
392 JHN 6 43 pk4s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the crowd and now also to the Jewish leaders.
393 JHN 6 44 s6b5 figs-idiom ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν 1 raise him up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
394 JHN 6 44 rr2m ἑλκύσῃ 1 draws This can mean 1) “pulls” or 2) “attracts.” This can mean (1) “pulls” or (2) “attracts.”
395 JHN 6 44 jb73 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
396 JHN 6 45 j1af figs-activepassive ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις 1 It is written in the prophets This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: “The prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
397 JHN 6 45 rk3b πᾶς ὁ ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ μαθὼν, ἔρχεται πρὸς ἐμέ 1 Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me The Jews thought Jesus was the “son of Joseph” ([John 6:42](../06/42.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son.
418 JHN 6 55 cik2 figs-metaphor ἡ…σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις 1 my flesh is true food…my blood is true drink The phrases “true food” and “true drink” are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
419 JHN 6 56 u3w4 ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ 1 remains in me, and I in him “has a close relationship with me”
420 JHN 6 57 dba2 καὶ ὁ τρώγων με 1 so he who eats me The phrase “eats me” is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
421 JHN 6 57 nfz4 ζῶν Πατὴρ 1 living Father Possible meanings are 1) “the Father who gives life” or 2) “the Father who is alive.” Possible meanings are (1) “the Father who gives life” or (2) “the Father who is alive.”
422 JHN 6 57 m1l5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
423 JHN 6 58 m2nz οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς 1 This is the bread that has come down from heaven Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I am the bread that has come down from heaven” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
424 JHN 6 58 kv16 figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς 1 This is the bread that has come down from heaven The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
431 JHN 6 61 rn8i τοῦτο ὑμᾶς σκανδαλίζει 1 Does this offend you? “Does this shock you?” or “Does this upset you?”
432 JHN 6 62 r33r figs-rquestion ἐὰν οὖν θεωρῆτε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον 1 Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before? Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. Alternate translation: “Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
433 JHN 6 63 y558 ὠφελεῖ 1 profits The word “profit” means to cause good things to happen.
434 JHN 6 63 fy9p figs-metonymy ῥήματα 1 words Possible meanings are 1) Jesus’ words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Jesus’ words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or (2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
435 JHN 6 63 plw8 τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν 1 The words that I have spoken to you “What I have told you”
436 JHN 6 63 gb29 πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν 1 are spirit, and they are life Possible meanings are 1) “are about the Spirit and eternal life” or 2) “are from the Spirit and give eternal life” or 3) “are about spiritual things and life.” Possible meanings are (1) “are about the Spirit and eternal life” or (2) “are from the Spirit and give eternal life” or (3) “are about spiritual things and life.”
437 JHN 6 64 k7ir 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.
438 JHN 6 64 ey1e writing-background ᾔδει γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδώσων αὐτόν 1 For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones…who it was who would betray him Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
439 JHN 6 65 c3cl οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός 1 no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus.
514 JHN 7 37 ayn6 figs-metaphor ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω 1 let him come to me and drink The word “drink” is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. Alternate translation: “let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
515 JHN 7 38 u9cx ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή 1 He who believes in me, just as the scripture says “As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me”
516 JHN 7 38 uw2q figs-metaphor ποταμοὶ…ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος 1 rivers of living water will flow The “rivers of living water” is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually “thirsty.” Alternate translation: “spiritual life will flow like rivers of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517 JHN 7 38 yt75 figs-metaphor ὕδατος ζῶντος 1 living water Possible meanings are 1) “water that gives life” or 2) “water that causes people to live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “water that gives life” or (2) “water that causes people to live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
518 JHN 7 38 cx1q figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ 1 from his stomach Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: “from inside of him” or “from his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
519 JHN 7 39 i8wx writing-background 0 General Information: In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
520 JHN 7 39 syp9 δὲ εἶπεν 1 But he said Here “he” refers to Jesus.
554 JHN 8 13 mrj6 figs-explicit ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής 1 your witness is not true The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. Alternate translation: “you cannot be your own witness” or “what you say about yourself may not be true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
555 JHN 8 14 x9rf κἂν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ 1 Even if I bear witness about myself “Even if I say these things about myself”
556 JHN 8 15 k92s τὴν σάρκα 1 the flesh “human standards and the laws of men”
557 JHN 8 15 j79i ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα 1 I judge no one Possible meanings are 1) “I do not judge anyone yet” or 2) “I am not judging anyone now.” Possible meanings are (1) “I do not judge anyone yet” or (2) “I am not judging anyone now.”
558 JHN 8 16 xnn5 ἐὰν κρίνω…ἐγώ 1 if I judge Possible meanings are 1) “if I judge people” or 2) “whenever I judge people” Possible meanings are (1) “if I judge people” or (2) “whenever I judge people”
559 JHN 8 16 jb2f ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ ἀληθινή ἐστιν 1 my judgment is true Possible meanings are 1) “my judgment will be right” or 2) “my judgment is right.” Possible meanings are (1) “my judgment will be right” or (2) “my judgment is right.”
560 JHN 8 16 emx1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples μόνος οὐκ εἰμί, ἀλλ’ ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ 1 I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
561 JHN 8 16 ev1r figs-explicit μόνος οὐκ εἰμί 1 I am not alone The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: “I am not alone in how I judge” or “I do not judge alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
562 JHN 8 16 f6nu ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ…Πατήρ 1 I am with the Father The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: “the Father also judges with me” or “the Father judges as I do”
581 JHN 8 23 svn1 ὑμεῖς ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κόσμου ἐστέ 1 You are of this world “You belong to this world”
582 JHN 8 23 w9jl ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 I am not of this world “I do not belong to this world”
583 JHN 8 24 jgw4 ἀποθανεῖσθε ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you will die in your sins “you will die without God’s forgiving your sins”
584 JHN 8 24 he1k ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι 1 that I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: “I am from above.” Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: “I am from above.”
585 JHN 8 25 t7tv ἔλεγον 1 They said The word “They” refers to the Jewish leaders ([John 8:22](../08/22.md)).
586 JHN 8 26 lsc7 figs-metonymy ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1 these things I say to the world Here the “world” is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “these things I say to all the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
587 JHN 8 27 hh1s guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Πατέρα 1 the Father This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. Alternate translation: “his Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
588 JHN 8 28 x6ca ὅταν ὑψώσητε 1 When you have lifted up This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him.
589 JHN 8 28 er3s Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Son of Man Jesus used the title “Son of Man” to refer to himself.
590 JHN 8 28 tcs5 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.” Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
591 JHN 8 28 vq9k guidelines-sonofgodprinciples καθὼς ἐδίδαξέν με ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτα λαλῶ 1 As the Father taught me, I speak these things “I am only saying what my Father taught me to say.” The word “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
592 JHN 8 29 w9cl ὁ πέμψας με 1 He who sent me The word “He” refers to God.
593 JHN 8 30 ld9x ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος 1 As Jesus was saying these things “As Jesus spoke these words”
644 JHN 8 57 yzf9 figs-synecdoche εἶπον…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς αὐτόν 1 The Jews said to him Here the “Jews” is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
645 JHN 8 57 r1ek figs-rquestion πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις, καὶ Ἀβραὰμ ἑώρακας 1 You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham? The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. Alternate translation: “You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
646 JHN 8 58 rnw4 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
647 JHN 8 58 k4tp ἐγὼ εἰμί 1 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus is saying, “before Abraham existed, I existed.” Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus is saying, “before Abraham existed, I existed.”
648 JHN 8 59 bxs5 figs-explicit ἦραν οὖν λίθους, ἵνα βάλωσιν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 Then they picked up stones to throw at him The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. Alternate translation: “Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
649 JHN 9 intro hq31 0 # John 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Who sinned?”<br><br>Many of the Jews of Jesus’ time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### “He does not keep the Sabbath”<br><br>The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by making mud. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Seeing and being blind<br><br>Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they see that Jesus is able to heal blind people but they still do not believe that God sent him ([John 9:39-40](./39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 9:35](../../jhn/09/35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
650 JHN 9 1 fa5a 0 General Information: As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man.
717 JHN 10 3 db3c τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει 1 The sheep hear his voice “The sheep hear the shepherd’s voice”
718 JHN 10 4 n1ta ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν πορεύεται 1 he goes ahead of them “he walks in front of them”
719 JHN 10 4 z8dm ὅτι οἴδασιν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ 1 for they know his voice “because they recognize his voice”
720 JHN 10 6 x5yl ἐκεῖνοι…οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 they did not understand Possible meanings: 1) “the disciples did not understand” or 2) “the crowd did not understand.” Possible meanings: (1) “the disciples did not understand” or (2) “the crowd did not understand.”
721 JHN 10 6 u3nw figs-metaphor ταύτην τὴν παροιμίαν 1 this parable This is an illustration from the work of shepherds, using metaphors. The “shepherd” is a metaphor for Jesus. The “sheep” represent those who follow Jesus, and the “strangers” are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
722 JHN 10 7 q3na 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parables he had spoken.
723 JHN 10 7 q4hs ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
773 JHN 10 34 qi82 figs-rquestion οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπα, θεοί ἐστε? 1 Is it not written…gods”’? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You should already know that it is written in your law that I said, ‘you are gods.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
774 JHN 10 34 b3gp θεοί ἐστε 1 You are gods Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers “gods,” perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth.
775 JHN 10 35 m8ji figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο 1 the word of God came Jesus speaks of God’s message as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. Alternate translation: “God spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
776 JHN 10 35 u9j2 οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή 1 the scripture cannot be broken Possible meanings are 1) “no one can change the scripture” or 2) “the scripture will always be true.” Possible meanings are (1) “no one can change the scripture” or (2) “the scripture will always be true.”
777 JHN 10 36 dvp5 figs-rquestion ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι 1 do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself “the Son of God.” Alternate translation: “you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ when I say that I am the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
778 JHN 10 36 fj9f βλασφημεῖς 1 You are blaspheming “You are insulting God.” Jesus’ opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God.
779 JHN 10 36 rax1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατὴρ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Father…Son of God These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
804 JHN 11 9 ln4r figs-metaphor ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει 1 If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. “Light” is a metaphor for “truth.” Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
805 JHN 11 10 hel4 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
806 JHN 11 10 vm6h figs-metaphor ἐὰν…τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί 1 if he walks at night Here “night” is a metaphor that refers to one’s walking without God’s light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807 JHN 11 10 c3im τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 the light is not in him Possible meanings are 1) “he cannot see” or “he does not have God’s light.” Possible meanings are (1) “he cannot see” or (2) “he does not have God’s light.”
808 JHN 11 11 bev5 figs-idiom Λάζαρος ὁ φίλος ἡμῶν κεκοίμηται 1 Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep Here “fallen asleep” is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
809 JHN 11 11 ze1z figs-idiom ἀλλὰ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν 1 but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep The words “wake him out of sleep” form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
810 JHN 11 12 e5k2 writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 13 there is a break in the story line as John comments on the disciples’ misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
941 JHN 12 32 n7i6 πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν 1 will draw everyone to myself Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him.
942 JHN 12 33 v7f3 writing-background τοῦτο…ἔλεγεν, σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν 1 He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die John interprets Jesus’ words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: “He said this to let the people know how he would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
943 JHN 12 34 mx1k figs-ellipsis δεῖ ὑψωθῆναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The Son of Man must be lifted up The phrase “lifted up” means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words “on a cross.” Alternate translation: “The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
944 JHN 12 34 t386 τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Who is this Son of Man? Possible meanings are 1) “What is the identity of this Son of Man? or 2) “What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?” Possible meanings are (1) “What is the identity of this Son of Man? or (2) “What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?”
945 JHN 12 35 l2w4 figs-metaphor εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον, τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. περιπατεῖτε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ; καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει 1 The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going Here “light” is a metaphor for Jesus’ teachings which reveal the truth of God. To “walk in darkness” is a metaphor that means to live without God’s truth. Alternate translation: “My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
946 JHN 12 36 j1rs figs-metaphor ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε 1 While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light The “light” is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. “sons of light” is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God’s truth. Alternate translation: “While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God’s truth will be in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
947 JHN 12 37 s1wh 0 General Information: This is a break in the main story line as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah.
990 JHN 13 18 u5fl figs-activepassive ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ 1 this so that the scripture will be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “this is in order to fulfill the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
991 JHN 13 18 v5pv figs-idiom ὁ τρώγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ’ ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ 1 He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me Here the phrase “eats my bread” is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase “lifted up his heel” is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. Alternate translation: “the one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
992 JHN 13 19 qd39 ἀπ’ ἄρτι λέγω ὑμῖν πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι 1 I tell you this now before it happens “I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens”
993 JHN 13 19 gg19 ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or 2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.” Possible meanings are (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM,” or (2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
994 JHN 13 20 di3t ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
995 JHN 13 21 bq84 ἐταράχθη 1 troubled concerned, upset
996 JHN 13 21 j7x1 ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν 1 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
1024 JHN 14 2 v9px guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1025 JHN 14 2 fp9r μοναὶ πολλαί 1 many rooms The word “room” can refer to a single room, or to a larger dwelling.
1026 JHN 14 2 xb2y figs-you πορεύομαι ἑτοιμάσαι τόπον ὑμῖν 1 I am going to prepare a place for you Jesus will prepare a place in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The “you” is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1027 JHN 14 4 ir1d figs-metaphor τὴν ὁδόν 1 the way This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) “the way to God” or 2) “the one who takes people to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings (1) “the way to God” or (2) “the one who takes people to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1028 JHN 14 5 e1dl πῶς δυνάμεθα τὴν ὁδὸν εἰδέναι 1 how can we know the way? “how can we know how to get there?”
1029 JHN 14 6 i8le figs-metaphor ἡ ἀλήθεια 1 the truth This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) “the true person” or 2) “the one who speaks true words about God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings (1) “the true person” or (2) “the one who speaks true words about God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1030 JHN 14 6 z9tr figs-metaphor ἡ ζωή 1 the life This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. Alternate translation: “the one who can make people alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031 JHN 14 6 g5hn figs-explicit οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ δι’ ἐμοῦ 1 no one comes to the Father except through me People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. Alternate translation: “No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1032 JHN 14 6 f95q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατέρα 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1165 JHN 16 16 en9b καὶ πάλιν μικρὸν 1 after another short amount of time “again, before much time passes”
1166 JHN 16 17 f2sj 0 General Information: There is a break in Jesus’ speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant.
1167 JHN 16 17 s9x3 μικρὸν…οὐ θεωρεῖτέ με 1 A short amount of time you will no longer see me The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
1168 JHN 16 17 zd1n πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με 1 after another short amount of time you will see me Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus’ resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus’ coming at the end of time. Possible meanings are (1) This could refer to Jesus’ resurrection or (2) This could refer to Jesus’ coming at the end of time.
1169 JHN 16 17 sz1v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Πατέρα 1 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1170 JHN 16 19 j7dv 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
1171 JHN 16 19 j7wv figs-rquestion περὶ τούτου ζητεῖτε μετ’ ἀλλήλων, ὅτι εἶπον, μικρὸν καὶ οὐ θεωρεῖτέ με; καὶ πάλιν μικρὸν καὶ ὄψεσθέ με 1 Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying,…see me’? Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: “You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said,…see me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1305 JHN 18 32 tu3c σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν 1 to indicate by what kind of death he would die “regarding how he would die”
1306 JHN 18 35 kfq5 figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγὼ Ἰουδαῖός εἰμι 1 I am not a Jew, am I? This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1307 JHN 18 35 en38 τὸ ἔθνος τὸ σὸν 1 Your own people “Your fellow Jews”
1308 JHN 18 36 gq19 figs-metonymy ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 My kingdom is not of this world Here “world” is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) “My kingdom is not part of this world” or 2) “I do not need this world’s permission to rule as their king” or “It is not from this world that I have authority to be king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here “world” is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are (1) “My kingdom is not part of this world” or (2) “I do not need this world’s permission to rule as their king” or “It is not from this world that I have authority to be king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1309 JHN 18 36 s2lq figs-activepassive ἄν, ἵνα μὴ παραδοθῶ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 so that I would not be given over to the Jews You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “and would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1310 JHN 18 36 pu8j figs-synecdoche τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 the Jews Here “Jews” is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1311 JHN 18 37 ug7i figs-synecdoche ἐλήλυθα εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1 I have come into the world Here “world” is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

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@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ ACT 1 5 fnq5 Ἰωάννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι 1 John ind
ACT 1 5 dzj1 figs-activepassive ὑμεῖς…βαπτισθήσεσθε 1 you shall be baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 1 6 n9wt 0 General Information: Here the word “they” refers to the apostles.
ACT 1 6 f7uj εἰ ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ, ἀποκαθιστάνεις τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Ἰσραήλ 1 is this the time you will restore the kingdom to Israel “will you now make Israel a great kingdom again”
ACT 1 7 y1fu figs-doublet χρόνους ἢ καιροὺς 1 the times or the seasons Possible meanings are 1) the words “times” and “seasons” refer to different kinds of time. Alternate translation: “the general period of time or the specific date” or 2) the two words are basically synonymous. Alternate translation: “the exact time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT 1 7 y1fu figs-doublet χρόνους ἢ καιροὺς 1 the times or the seasons Possible meanings are (1) the words “times” and “seasons” refer to different kinds of time. Alternate translation: “the general period of time or the specific date” or (2) the two words are basically synonymous. Alternate translation: “the exact time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT 1 8 ld4k λήμψεσθε δύναμιν,…καὶ ἔσεσθέ μου μάρτυρες, 1 you will receive power…and you will be my witnesses The apostles will receive power that will enable them to be witnesses for Jesus. Alternate translation: “God will empower you…to be my witnesses”
ACT 1 8 vb4m figs-idiom ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς 1 to the ends of the earth Possible meanings are 1) “all over the world” or 2) “to the places on earth that are farthest away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 1 8 vb4m figs-idiom ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς 1 to the ends of the earth Possible meanings are (1) “all over the world” or (2) “to the places on earth that are farthest away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 1 9 e1q1 figs-explicit βλεπόντων αὐτῶν 1 as they were looking up “as they watched.” The apostles “were looking up” at Jesus because Jesus rose into the sky. Alternate translation: “as they were looking up at the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 1 9 l1cq figs-activepassive ἐπήρθη 1 he was raised up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he rose up into the sky” or “God took him up into the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 1 9 ug58 νεφέλη ὑπέλαβεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν 1 a cloud hid him from their eyes “a cloud blocked their view so that they could no longer see him”
@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ ACT 1 20 d7pk 0 General Information: Based on the situation with Judas that Pe
ACT 1 20 mz13 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT 1 20 ip5w figs-activepassive γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν βίβλῳ Ψαλμῶν 1 For it is written in the Book of Psalms This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For David wrote in the Book of Psalms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 1 20 mc45 figs-parallelism γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος, καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν αὐτῇ 1 Let his field be made desolate, and do not let even one person live there These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ACT 1 20 chq4 figs-metaphor γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος 1 Let his field be made desolate Possible meanings are 1) that the word “field” refers to the field where Judas died or 2) that the word “field” refers to Judas’s dwelling place and is a metaphor for his family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 1 20 chq4 figs-metaphor γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος 1 Let his field be made desolate Possible meanings are (1) that the word “field” refers to the field where Judas died or (2) that the word “field” refers to Judas’s dwelling place and is a metaphor for his family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 1 20 lsm2 γενηθήτω…ἔρημος 1 be made desolate “become empty”
ACT 1 21 xz69 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “us” refers to the apostles and does not include the audience to whom Peter is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT 1 21 t916 0 Connecting Statement: Peter finishes his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT 1 21 c5k2 δεῖ οὖν 1 It is necessary, therefore Based on the scriptures that he quoted and on what Judas had done, Peter tells the group what they must do.
ACT 1 21 zuf7 figs-idiom εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς 1 the Lord Jesus went in and out among us Going in and out among a group of people is a metaphor for openly being part of that group. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus lived among us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 1 22 mrx7 ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήμφθη ἀφ’ ἡμῶν, μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ σὺν ἡμῖν, γενέσθαι ἕνα τούτων 1 beginning from the baptism of John…become a witness with us of his resurrection The qualification for the new apostle that began with the words “It is necessary…that one of the men who accompanied us” in verse 21 ends here. The subject of the verb “must be” is thus “one of the men.” Here is a reduced form of the sentence: “It is necessary…that one of the men who accompanied us…beginning from the baptism of John…must be a witness with us.”
ACT 1 22 qb8j figs-abstractnouns ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου 1 beginning from the baptism of John The noun “baptism” can be translated as a verb. Possible meanings: 1) “beginning from when John baptized Jesus” or 2) “beginning from when John baptized people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 1 22 qb8j figs-abstractnouns ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου 1 beginning from the baptism of John The noun “baptism” can be translated as a verb. Possible meanings: (1) “beginning from when John baptized Jesus” or (2) “beginning from when John baptized people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 1 22 yi3a figs-activepassive ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήμφθη ἀφ’ ἡμῶν 1 to the day that he was taken up from us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day when Jesus left us and rose up to heaven” or “until the day that God took him up from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 1 22 g3n9 μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ σὺν ἡμῖν, γενέσθαι 1 become a witness with us of his resurrection “must begin to testify with us about his resurrection”
ACT 1 23 lz7y figs-explicit ἔστησαν δύο 1 They put forward two men Here the word “They” refers to all of the believers who were present. Alternate translation: “They proposed two men who fulfilled the requirements that Peter listed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ ACT 2 intro x8fr 1 # Acts 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>
ACT 2 1 i4sa 0 General Information: This is a new event; it is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover.
ACT 2 1 i4sb 0 General Information: Here the word “they” refers to the apostles and the other 120 believers that Luke mentions in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md).
ACT 2 2 jc1w ἄφνω 1 Suddenly This word refers to an event that happens unexpectedly.
ACT 2 2 qjc3 ἐγένετο…ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχος 1 there came from heaven a sound Possible meanings are 1) “heaven” refers to the place where God lives. Alternate translation: “a sound came from heaven” or 2) “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sound came from the sky”
ACT 2 2 qjc3 ἐγένετο…ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχος 1 there came from heaven a sound Possible meanings are (1) “heaven” refers to the place where God lives. Alternate translation: “a sound came from heaven” or (2) “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sound came from the sky”
ACT 2 2 jec5 ἦχος, ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας 1 a sound like the rush of a violent wind “a noise that sounded like a very strong wind blowing”
ACT 2 2 t4y4 ὅλον τὸν οἶκον 1 the whole house This may have been a house or a larger building.
ACT 2 3 re3t figs-simile ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς…γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός 1 There appeared to them tongues like fire These might not be actual tongues or fire, but something that looked like them. Possible meanings are 1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire or 2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ACT 2 3 re3t figs-simile ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς…γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός 1 There appeared to them tongues like fire These might not be actual tongues or fire, but something that looked like them. Possible meanings are (1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire or (2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ACT 2 3 xtk4 διαμεριζόμεναι…καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐφ’ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν 1 that were distributed, and they sat upon each one of them This means that the “tongues like fire” spread out so that there was one on each person.
ACT 2 4 v7hi figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες Πνεύματος Ἁγίου, καὶ 1 They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there and they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 4 nr9f λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις 1 speak in other tongues They were speaking in languages that they did not already know.
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ ACT 2 6 bpj7 figs-activepassive γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς τ
ACT 2 6 u9hc τὸ πλῆθος 1 the multitude “the large crowd of people”
ACT 2 7 m8kd figs-doublet ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ ἐθαύμαζον 1 They were amazed and marveled These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of amazement. Alternate translation: “They were greatly amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT 2 7 wnk2 figs-rquestion οὐχ ἰδοὺ, ἅπαντες οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι 1 Really, are not all these who are speaking Galileans? The people ask this question to express their amazement. The question could be changed to an exclamation. Alternate translation: “All of these Galileans could not possibly know our languages!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
ACT 2 8 hzm8 figs-rquestion καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν 1 Why is it that we are hearing them, each in our own language in which we were born? Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses how amazed they were or 2) this is a real question for which the people wanted an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 2 8 hzm8 figs-rquestion καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν 1 Why is it that we are hearing them, each in our own language in which we were born? Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses how amazed they were or (2) this is a real question for which the people wanted an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 2 8 wb5t τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν 1 in our own language in which we were born “in our own languages that we have learned from birth”
ACT 2 9 f1ve translate-names Πάρθοι,…Μῆδοι,…Ἐλαμεῖται 1 Parthians…Medes…Elamites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 2 9 dm23 translate-names τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν;…Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον,…Ἀσίαν; 1 Mesopotamia…Judea…Cappadocia…Pontus…Asia These are names of large areas of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ ACT 2 22 sa78 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues his speech to the Jews t
ACT 2 22 g6vj ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 hear these words “listen to what I am about to say”
ACT 2 22 f2t1 ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς δυνάμεσι, καὶ τέρασι, καὶ σημείοις 1 accredited to you by God with the mighty deeds, and wonders, and signs This means that God proved that he had appointed Jesus for his mission, and proved who he was by his many miracles.
ACT 2 23 s38b figs-abstractnouns τῇ, ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 by God’s predetermined plan and foreknowledge The nouns “plan” and “foreknowledge” can be translated as verbs. This means that God planned out and knew beforehand what would happen to Jesus. Alternate translation: “because God planned out and knew beforehand everything that would happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 2 23 i6un figs-activepassive τοῦτον…ἔκδοτον 1 This man was handed over Possible meanings: 1) “you handed Jesus over into the hands of his enemies” or 2) “Judas betrayed Jesus to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 23 i6un figs-activepassive τοῦτον…ἔκδοτον 1 This man was handed over Possible meanings: (1) “you handed Jesus over into the hands of his enemies” or (2) “Judas betrayed Jesus to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 23 f5kn διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων, προσπήξαντες ἀνείλατε 1 you, by the hand of lawless men, put him to death by nailing him to a cross Although “lawless men” actually crucified Jesus, Peter accuses the crowd of having killed him because they demanded his death.
ACT 2 23 e38a figs-metonymy διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων 1 by the hand of lawless men Here “hand” refers to the actions of the lawless men. Alternate translation: “through the actions of lawless men” or “by what lawless men did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 2 23 f6kd ἀνόμων 1 lawless men Possible meanings are 1) the unbelieving Jews who accused Jesus of crimes or 2) the Roman soldiers who performed the execution of Jesus.
ACT 2 23 f6kd ἀνόμων 1 lawless men Possible meanings are (1) the unbelieving Jews who accused Jesus of crimes or (2) the Roman soldiers who performed the execution of Jesus.
ACT 2 24 ei37 figs-idiom ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνέστησεν 1 But God raised him up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “But God caused him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 2 24 s8j3 figs-metaphor λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου 1 freeing him from the pains of death Peter speaks of dying as if death were a person who ties people up with painful ropes and holds them captive. He speaks of God ending Christ’s death as if God broke the ropes that held Chist and set Christ free. Alternate translation: “ending the pains of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT 2 24 ykq4 figs-activepassive κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 for him to be held by it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for death to hold him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ ACT 2 25 n2ls figs-synecdoche ἐνώπιόν μου 1 before my face “in fron
ACT 2 25 l6xp figs-synecdoche ἐκ δεξιῶν μού 1 beside my right hand To be at someone’s “right hand” often means to be in a position to help and sustain. Alternate translation: “right beside me” or “with me to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 2 25 s4yp figs-activepassive μὴ σαλευθῶ 1 I should not be moved Here the word “moved” means to be troubled. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will not be able to cause me trouble” or “nothing will trouble me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 26 z8vw figs-synecdoche ηὐφράνθη ἡ καρδία μου, καὶ ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου 1 my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced People consider the “heart” the center of emotions and the “tongue” voices those emotions. Alternate translation: “I was glad and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 26 zz6k figs-synecdoche ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι 1 my flesh will live in certain hope Possible meanings of the word “flesh” are 1) he is a mortal who will die. Alternate translation: “Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God” or 2) it is synecdoche for his entire person. Alternate translation: “I will live with confidence in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 26 zz6k figs-synecdoche ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι 1 my flesh will live in certain hope Possible meanings of the word “flesh” are (1) he is a mortal who will die. Alternate translation: “Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God” or (2) it is synecdoche for his entire person. Alternate translation: “I will live with confidence in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 27 whi3 0 General Information: Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words “my,” “Holy One,” and “me” refer to Jesus and the words “you” and “your” refer to God.
ACT 2 27 m3ij 0 Connecting Statement: Peter finishes quoting David.
ACT 2 27 rld3 figs-123person οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν Ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν 1 neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay The Messiah, Jesus, refers to himself with the words “your Holy One.” Alternate translation: “neither will you allow me, your Holy One, to see decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ ACT 2 37 s85q figs-activepassive κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν 1
ACT 2 37 l15x figs-idiom κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν 1 pierced in their hearts This means that the people felt guilty and became very sad. Alternate translation: “deeply troubled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 2 38 cmb7 figs-activepassive βαπτισθήτω 1 be baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow us to baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 38 geb2 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of Jesus Christ “In the name of” here is a metonym for “by the authority of” Alternate translation: “by the authority of Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 2 39 v8vi πᾶσι τοῖς εἰς μακρὰν 1 all who are far off This means either 1) “all people who live far away” or 2) “all people who are far from God.”
ACT 2 39 v8vi πᾶσι τοῖς εἰς μακρὰν 1 all who are far off This means either (1) “all people who live far away” or (2) “all people who are far from God.”
ACT 2 40 k1kj writing-endofstory 0 This is the end of the part of the story that happened on the Day of Pentecost. Verse 42 begins a section that explains how the believers continued to live after the Day of Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT 2 40 v6ip figs-doublet διεμαρτύρατο, καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτοὺς 1 he testified and urged them “he seriously told them and begged them.” Here the words “testified” and “urged” share similar meanings and emphasize that Peter urged them strongly to respond to what he was saying. Alternate translation: “he strongly urged them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT 2 40 wtd5 figs-explicit σώθητε ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης 1 Save yourselves from this wicked generation The implication is that God will punish “this wicked generation.” Alternate translation: “Save yourselves from the punishment that these wicked people will suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -176,16 +176,16 @@ ACT 2 41 r9qz figs-idiom οἱ…ν ἀποδεξάμενοι τὸν λόγον
ACT 2 41 kz64 figs-activepassive ἐβαπτίσθησαν 1 were baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 41 a47f figs-activepassive προσετέθησαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι 1 there were added in that day about three thousand souls This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “about three thousand souls joined the believers on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 41 sv5j figs-synecdoche ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι 1 about three thousand souls Here the word “souls” refers to people. Alternate translation: “about 3,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT 2 42 gc59 figs-synecdoche κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου 1 the breaking of bread Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to any meals they might eat together. Alternate translation: “eating meals together” or 2) this refers to the meals they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “eating the Lord’s Supper together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 42 gc59 figs-synecdoche κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου 1 the breaking of bread Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to any meals they might eat together. Alternate translation: “eating meals together” or (2) this refers to the meals they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “eating the Lord’s Supper together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 43 gi9v figs-synecdoche ἐγίνετο δὲ πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος 1 Fear came upon every soul Here the word “Fear” refers to deep respect and awe for God. The word “soul” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “Each person felt a deep respect and awe for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 43 ys3y figs-activepassive πολλά τε τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο 1 many wonders and signs were done through the apostles Possible meanings are 1) “the apostles performed many wonders and signs” or 2) “God performed many wonders and signs through the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 43 ys3y figs-activepassive πολλά τε τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο 1 many wonders and signs were done through the apostles Possible meanings are (1) “the apostles performed many wonders and signs” or (2) “God performed many wonders and signs through the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 2 43 q6dm τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα 1 wonders and signs “miraculous deeds and supernatural events.” See how you translated this in [Acts 2:22](../02/22.md).
ACT 2 44 u8qk πάντες δὲ οἱ πιστεύοντες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ 1 All who believed were together Possible meanings are 1) “All of them believed the same thing” or 2) “All who believed were together in the same place.”
ACT 2 44 u8qk πάντες δὲ οἱ πιστεύοντες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ 1 All who believed were together Possible meanings are (1) “All of them believed the same thing” or (2) “All who believed were together in the same place.”
ACT 2 44 jy2w εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά 1 had all things in common “shared their belongings with one another”
ACT 2 45 h8tn κτήματα καὶ τὰς ὑπάρξεις 1 property and possessions “land and things they owned”
ACT 2 45 f74s figs-metonymy διεμέριζον αὐτὰ πᾶσιν 1 distributed them to all Here the word “them” refers to the profit that they made from selling their property and possessions. Alternate translation: “distributed the proceeds to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 2 45 n9hi καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν 1 according to the needs anyone had They distributed the proceeds that they earned from selling their property and possessions to any believer who had a need.
ACT 2 46 in43 προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν 1 they continued with one purpose Possible meanings are 1) “they continued meeting together” or 2) “they all continued to have the same attitude.”
ACT 2 46 in43 προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν 1 they continued with one purpose Possible meanings are (1) “they continued meeting together” or (2) “they all continued to have the same attitude.”
ACT 2 46 q1ge figs-synecdoche κλῶντές…κατ’ οἶκον ἄρτον 1 they broke bread in homes Bread was part of their meals. Alternate translation: “they eat meals together in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 2 46 i2yk figs-metonymy ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ ἀφελότητι καρδίας 1 with glad and humble hearts Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “joyfully and humbly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 2 47 z6ig αἰνοῦντες τὸν Θεὸν καὶ ἔχοντες χάριν πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν 1 praising God and having favor with all the people “praising God. All the people approved of them”
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ ACT 3 1 br7i εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 into the temple They did not go into
ACT 3 2 f227 figs-activepassive τις ἀνὴρ, χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων, ἐβαστάζετο, ὃν ἐτίθουν καθ’ ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν θύραν τοῦ ἱεροῦ, τὴν λεγομένην Ὡραίαν 1 a man lame from birth was being carried every day to the Beautiful Gate of the temple This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every day, people carried a certain man, lame from birth, and laid him near the Beautiful gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 3 2 j68t χωλὸς 1 lame unable to walk
ACT 3 4 xq4u ἀτενίσας…Πέτρος εἰς αὐτὸν σὺν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ εἶπεν 1 Peter, fastening his eyes upon him, with John, said Both Peter and John looked at the man, but only Peter spoke.
ACT 3 4 t1q9 figs-idiom ἀτενίσας…εἰς αὐτὸν 1 fastening his eyes upon him Possible meanings are 1) “looking directly at him” or 2) “looking intently at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 3 4 t1q9 figs-idiom ἀτενίσας…εἰς αὐτὸν 1 fastening his eyes upon him Possible meanings are (1) “looking directly at him” or (2) “looking intently at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 3 5 e3c6 ὁ…ἐπεῖχεν αὐτοῖς 1 The lame man looked at them Here the word “looked” means to pay attention to something. Alternate translation: “The lame man paid close attention to them”
ACT 3 6 x6bm figs-metonymy ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον 1 Silver and gold These words refer to money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 3 6 zi9t figs-explicit ὃ…ἔχω 1 what I do have It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -222,27 +222,27 @@ ACT 3 13 cp1j figs-idiom ἠρνήσασθε κατὰ πρόσωπον Πειλ
ACT 3 13 yy96 κρίναντος ἐκείνου ἀπολύειν 1 when he had decided to release him “when Pilate had decided to release Jesus”
ACT 3 14 s6qj figs-activepassive ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα, φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν 1 asked for a man who was a murderer to be released to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Pilate to release a murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 3 15 jwb1 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” includes just Peter and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT 3 15 ljn8 figs-metaphor Ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς 1 Founder of life This refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who gives people eternal life” or 2) “the ruler of life” or 3) “the founder of life” or 4) “the one who leads people to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 3 15 ljn8 figs-metaphor Ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς 1 Founder of life This refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who gives people eternal life” or (2) “the ruler of life” or (3) “the founder of life” or (4) “the one who leads people to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 3 16 xu92 καὶ 1 Now This word, “Now,” shifts the audiences’ attention to the lame man.
ACT 3 16 abc2 ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 by faith in his name “by faith in the name of Jesus”
ACT 3 16 qt8w ἐστερέωσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 his name has made strong “the name of Jesus has made well”
ACT 3 16 abc3 ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ 1 gave to him “gave to the lame man”
ACT 3 17 v45t καὶ νῦν 1 Now Here Peter shifts the audience’s attention from the lame man and continues to talk to them directly.
ACT 3 17 x62k κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε 1 you acted in ignorance Possible meanings are 1) that the people did not know that Jesus was the Messiah or 2) that the people did not understand the significance of what they were doing.
ACT 3 17 x62k κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε 1 you acted in ignorance Possible meanings are (1) that the people did not know that Jesus was the Messiah or (2) that the people did not understand the significance of what they were doing.
ACT 3 18 gcc1 ὁ…Θεὸς…προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν 1 God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets When the prophets spoke, it was as though God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. Alternate translation: “God foretold by telling all of the prophets what to speak”
ACT 3 18 ms6d ὁ…Θεὸς…προκατήγγειλεν 1 God foretold “God spoke about ahead of time” or “God told about before they happened”
ACT 3 18 z3l7 figs-metonymy στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν 1 the mouth of all the prophets Here the word “mouth” refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate translation: “the words of all the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 3 19 cw18 figs-metaphor καὶ ἐπιστρέψατε 1 and turn “and turn to the Lord.” Here “turn” is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “and start obeying the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 3 19 zm6y figs-activepassive πρὸς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας 1 so that your sins may be blotted out Here “blotted out” is a metaphor for forgiving. Sins are spoken of as if they are written in a book and God erases them from the book when he forgives them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God will forgive you for sinning against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 3 20 f2wm figs-metonymy ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου 1 from the presence of the Lord Here the words “presence of the Lord” is a metonym for the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “from the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 3 20 x3ca καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου 1 periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord “times of relief from the presence of the Lord.” Possible meanings are 1) “times when God will strengthen your spirits” or 2) “times when God will revive you”
ACT 3 20 x3ca καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου 1 periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord “times of relief from the presence of the Lord.” Possible meanings are (1) “times when God will strengthen your spirits” or (2) “times when God will revive you”
ACT 3 20 h3nk ἀποστείλῃ τὸν προκεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν Χριστὸν 1 that he may send the Christ “that he may again send the Christ.” This refers to Christ’s coming again.
ACT 3 20 yzr6 figs-activepassive τὸν προκεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν 1 who has been appointed for you This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom he has appointed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 3 21 sj21 0 General Information: In verses 22-23 Peter quotes something Moses told before the Messiah came.
ACT 3 21 u33e 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 3:12](../03/12.md) to the Jews who stood in the temple area.
ACT 3 21 vgn8 figs-personification ὃν δεῖ οὐρανὸν μὲν δέξασθαι 1 He is the One heaven must receive “He is the One heaven must welcome.” Peter speaks of heaven as if it were a person who welcomes Jesus into his home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT 3 21 y1ps δεῖ οὐρανὸν μὲν δέξασθαι, ἄχρι 1 heaven must receive until This means that it is necessary for Jesus to remain in heaven because that is what God has planned.
ACT 3 21 x2f3 ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων 1 until the time of the restoration of all things Possible meanings are 1) “until the time when God will restore all things” or 2) “until the time when God will fulfill everything that he foretold.”
ACT 3 21 x2f3 ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων 1 until the time of the restoration of all things Possible meanings are (1) “until the time when God will restore all things” or (2) “until the time when God will fulfill everything that he foretold.”
ACT 3 21 a2m8 ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ Θεὸς διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων ἀπ’ αἰῶνος αὐτοῦ προφητῶν 1 about which God spoke long ago by the mouth of his holy prophets When the prophets spoke long ago, it was as if God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. Alternate translation: “about which things God spoke long ago by telling his holy prophets to speak about them”
ACT 3 21 a12i figs-metonymy στόματος τῶν ἁγίων…αὐτοῦ προφητῶν 1 the mouth of his holy prophets Here the word “mouth” refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate translation: “the words of his holy prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 3 22 v5nf προφήτην…ἀναστήσει…ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐμέ 1 will raise up a prophet like me from among your brothers “will cause a one of your brothers to become a true prophet, and everyone will know about him”
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ ACT 4 31 x9b3 figs-activepassive ἐσαλεύθη ὁ τόπος 1 the place…
ACT 4 31 ps3m figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν ἅπαντες τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος 1 they were all filled with the Holy Spirit This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 4 32 xu3j figs-metonymy ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία 1 were of one heart and soul Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and the word “soul” refers to the emotions. Together they refer to the total person. Alternate translation: “thought the same way and wanted the same things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 4 32 zyp5 ἦν αὐτοῖς πάντα κοινά 1 they had everything in common “shared their belongings with one another.” See how you translated this in [Acts 2:44](../02/44.md).
ACT 4 33 d8dr χάρις τε μεγάλη ἦν ἐπὶ πάντας αὐτούς 1 great grace was upon them all Possible meanings are: 1) that God was greatly blessing the believers or 2) that the people in Jerusalem held the believers in very high esteem.
ACT 4 33 d8dr χάρις τε μεγάλη ἦν ἐπὶ πάντας αὐτούς 1 great grace was upon them all Possible meanings are: (1) that God was greatly blessing the believers or (2) that the people in Jerusalem held the believers in very high esteem.
ACT 4 34 gw3v figs-hyperbole ὅσοι…κτήτορες χωρίων ἢ οἰκιῶν ὑπῆρχον 1 all who owned title to lands or houses The word “all” here is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Many people who owned title to lands or houses” or “People who owned title to lands or houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT 4 34 ti1h κτήτορες χωρίων ἢ οἰκιῶν ὑπῆρχον 1 owned title to lands or houses “owned land or houses”
ACT 4 34 l938 figs-activepassive τὰς τιμὰς τῶν πιπρασκομένων 1 the money of the things that were sold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the money that they received from the things that they sold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ ACT 5 2 xm1t συνειδυίης καὶ τῆς γυναικός 1 his wife a
ACT 5 2 dy8b figs-idiom παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων ἔθηκεν 1 laid it at the apostles’ feet This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](../04/35.md). Alternate translation: “presented it to the apostles” or “gave it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 5 3 y7j6 0 General Information: If your language does not use rhetorical questions, you may reword these as statements.
ACT 5 3 grr9 figs-rquestion διὰ τί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου, ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς τοῦ χωρίου 1 why has Satan filled your heart to lie…land? Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. Alternate translation: “you should not have let Satan fill your heart to lie…land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 5 3 pqd4 figs-metonymy ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου 1 Satan filled your heart Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the will and emotions. The phrase “Satan filled your heart” is a metaphor. Possible meanings of the metaphor are 1) “Satan completely controlled you” or 2) “Satan convinced you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 5 3 pqd4 figs-metonymy ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου 1 Satan filled your heart Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the will and emotions. The phrase “Satan filled your heart” is a metaphor. Possible meanings of the metaphor are (1) “Satan completely controlled you” or (2) “Satan convinced you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 5 3 zz5u figs-explicit ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς 1 to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the price This implies that Ananias had told the apostles that he was giving the entire amount that he had received from selling his land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 5 4 vu7g figs-rquestion οὐχὶ μένον σοὶ ἔμενεν, καὶ πραθὲν ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν 1 While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own…control? Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. Alternate translation: “While it remained unsold, it was your own…control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 5 4 vi8w ἔμενεν 1 While it remained unsold “While you had not sold it”
@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ ACT 5 17 pc45 figs-activepassive ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου 1 they were fi
ACT 5 18 j58p figs-idiom ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους 1 laid hands on the apostles This means that they seized the apostles by force. They would have ordered guards to do this. Alternate translation: “had the guards arrest the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 5 19 wd37 0 General Information: Here the words “them” and “they” refer to the apostles.
ACT 5 20 qm16 figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple This phrase here refers to the temple courtyard, not to the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 5 20 z1x3 figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης 1 all the words of this life The word “words” here is a metonym for the message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) “all this message of eternal life” or 2) “the whole message of this new way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 5 20 z1x3 figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης 1 all the words of this life The word “words” here is a metonym for the message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are (1) “all this message of eternal life” or (2) “the whole message of this new way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 5 21 df1u figs-explicit εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 into the temple They went into the temple courtyard, not into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 5 21 l7uf ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον 1 about daybreak “as it began to be light.” Although the angel led them out of the jail during the night, the sun was rising by the time the apostles reached the temple courtyard.
ACT 5 21 li6a figs-ellipsis ἀπέστειλαν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀχθῆναι αὐτούς 1 sent to the jail to have the apostles brought This implies someone went to the jail. Alternate translation: “sent someone to the jail to bring the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ ACT 5 34 i2rr writing-participants Γαμαλιήλ, νομοδιδάσκαλο
ACT 5 34 fpr4 figs-activepassive τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 who was honored by all the people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom all the people honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 5 34 xk6g figs-activepassive ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω…τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι 1 commanded the apostles to be taken outside This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “commanded the guards to take the apostles outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 5 35 ae1u προσέχετε 1 pay close attention to “think carefully about” or “be cautious about.” Gamaliel was warning them not to do something that they would later regret.
ACT 5 36 uaj6 ἀνέστη Θευδᾶς 1 Theudas rose up Possible meanings are 1) “Theudas rebelled” or 2) “Theudas appeared.”
ACT 5 36 uaj6 ἀνέστη Θευδᾶς 1 Theudas rose up Possible meanings are (1) “Theudas rebelled” or (2) “Theudas appeared.”
ACT 5 36 b3nl λέγων εἶναί τινα 1 claiming to be somebody “claiming to be somebody important”
ACT 5 36 ie3x figs-activepassive ὃς ἀνῃρέθη 1 He was killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 5 36 juz1 figs-activepassive πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διελύθησαν 1 all who had been obeying him were scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the people scattered who had been obeying him” or “all who had been obeying him went in different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ ACT 6 2 n5r4 οἱ δώδεκα 1 The twelve This refers to the eleven apostles
ACT 6 2 g56w τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μαθητῶν 1 the multitude of the disciples “all of the disciples” or “all the believers”
ACT 6 2 jm17 figs-hyperbole καταλείψαντας τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 give up the word of God This is an exaggeration in order to emphasize the importance of their task of teaching the word of God. Alternate translation: “stop preaching and teaching the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT 6 2 fwk6 figs-metonymy διακονεῖν τραπέζαις 1 serve tables This is a phrase meaning to serve food to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 6 3 y3bm ἄνδρας…πλήρεις Πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας 1 men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom Possible meanings are 1) the men have three qualities—a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom or 2) the men have a reputation for two qualities—being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom .
ACT 6 3 y3bm ἄνδρας…πλήρεις Πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας 1 men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom Possible meanings are (1) the men have three qualities—a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom or (2) the men have a reputation for two qualities—being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom .
ACT 6 3 p1yz ἄνδρας…μαρτυρουμένους 1 men of good reputation “men that people know are good” or “men whom people trust”
ACT 6 3 i27a ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας ταύτης 1 over this business “to be responsible to do this task”
ACT 6 4 b3bj figs-ellipsis τῇ διακονίᾳ τοῦ λόγου 1 the ministry of the word It may be helpful to add more information. Alternate translation: “the ministry of teaching and preaching the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ ACT 6 6 wu1y translate-symaction ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χε
ACT 6 7 x48w 0 General Information: This verse gives an update on the church’s growth.
ACT 6 7 wu4l figs-metaphor λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ηὔξανεν 1 word of God continued to spread The writer speaks of the growing number of people who believed the word as if the word of God itself were covering a larger area. Alternate translation: “the number of people who believed the word of God increased” or “the number of people who believed the message from God increased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 6 7 jg8y ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει 1 became obedient to the faith “followed the teaching of the new belief”
ACT 6 7 qq3l τῇ πίστει 1 the faith Possible meanings are 1) the gospel message of trust in Jesus or 2) the teaching of the church or 3) the Christian teaching.
ACT 6 7 qq3l τῇ πίστει 1 the faith Possible meanings are (1) the gospel message of trust in Jesus or (2) the teaching of the church or (3) the Christian teaching.
ACT 6 8 wn1t writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give background information about Stephen and other people that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT 6 8 n3re 0 Connecting Statement: This is the beginning of a new part of the story.
ACT 6 8 et2j writing-participants Στέφανος δὲ 1 Now Stephen This introduces Stephen as the main character in this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ ACT 7 2 v5si ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, ἀκούσατε 1 Broth
ACT 7 4 pfg3 0 General Information: In verse 4 the words “he,” “his,” and “him” refer to Abraham. In verse 5 the words “He” and “he” refer to God, but the word “him” refers to Abraham.
ACT 7 4 pfg4 figs-you 0 General Information: Here the word “you” refers to the Jewish council and audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT 7 5 ax1j οὐκ ἔδωκεν…ἐν αὐτῇ 1 He gave none of it “He did not give any of it”
ACT 7 5 qff6 figs-idiom οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός 1 enough to set a foot on Possible meanings for this phrase are 1) enough ground to stand on or 2) enough ground to take a step. Alternate translation: “a very tiny piece of ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 7 5 qff6 figs-idiom οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός 1 enough to set a foot on Possible meanings for this phrase are (1) enough ground to stand on or (2) enough ground to take a step. Alternate translation: “a very tiny piece of ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT 7 5 u6iw εἰς κατάσχεσιν αὐτὴν, καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτόν 1 as a possession to him and to his descendants after him “for Abraham to own and to give to his descendants”
ACT 7 6 tn6b ἐλάλησεν…οὕτως ὁ Θεὸς 1 God was speaking to him like this It may be helpful to state that this occurred later than the statement in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Later God told Abraham”
ACT 7 6 t1h9 translate-numbers ἔτη τετρακόσια 1 four hundred years “400 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ ACT 7 38 l8u7 0 General Information: The quotation in verse 40 is from the wri
ACT 7 38 e8qu οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ γενόμενος ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 This is the man who was in the assembly “This is the man Moses who was among the Israelites”
ACT 7 38 fd25 οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ γενόμενος 1 This is the man The phrase “This is the man” throughout this passage refers to Moses.
ACT 7 38 y2zu ὃς ἐδέξατο λόγια ζῶντα δοῦναι ὑμῖν 1 this is the man who received living words to give to us God was the one who gave those words. Alternate translation: “this is the man to whom God spoke living words to give to us”
ACT 7 38 p3xk figs-metonymy λόγια ζῶντα 1 living words Possible meanings are 1) “a message that endures” or 2) “words that give life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 7 38 p3xk figs-metonymy λόγια ζῶντα 1 living words Possible meanings are (1) “a message that endures” or (2) “words that give life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 7 39 mvz8 figs-metaphor ἀπώσαντο 1 pushed him away from themselves This metaphor emphasizes their rejection of Moses. Alternate translation: “they rejected him as their leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 7 39 z3ze figs-metonymy ἐστράφησαν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 1 in their hearts they turned back Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s thoughts. To do something in the heart means to desire do to something. Alternate translation: “they desired to turn back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 7 41 w38i 0 General Information: Stephen’s quotation here is from the prophet Amos.
@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ ACT 7 41 ux1j figs-explicit ἐμοσχοποίησαν 1 they made a calf Steph
ACT 7 41 hh77 ἐμοσχοποίησαν…εἰδώλῳ…τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν 1 a calf…the idol…the work of their hands These phrases all refer to the same statue of the calf.
ACT 7 42 d3dd translate-symaction ἔστρεψεν…ὁ Θεὸς 1 God turned “God turned away.” This action expresses that God was not pleased with the people and no longer helped them. Alternate translation: “God stopped correcting them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT 7 42 rag5 παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς 1 gave them up “abandoned them”
ACT 7 42 u7lx τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the stars in the sky Possible meanings for the original phrase are 1) the stars only or 2) the sun, moon, and stars.
ACT 7 42 u7lx τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the stars in the sky Possible meanings for the original phrase are (1) the stars only or (2) the sun, moon, and stars.
ACT 7 42 f314 βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν 1 the book of the prophets This was apparently a collection of the writings of several of the Old Testament prophets into one scroll. It would also have included the writings of Amo.
ACT 7 42 gd1b figs-rquestion σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι, ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ 1 Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices…Israel? God asked this question to show Israel they did not worship Him with their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not honor me when you offered slain beasts and sacrifices…Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 7 42 j4q8 figs-metonymy οἶκος Ἰσραήλ 1 house of Israel This refers to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “all you Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ ACT 7 43 zgq6 μετοικιῶ ὑμᾶς ἐπέκεινα Βαβυλῶνο
ACT 7 44 m9gw ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου 1 the tabernacle of the testimony The tent that housed the ark (a box) with the 10 commandments carved in stone inside it
ACT 7 45 n2sc ἣν…εἰσήγαγον, διαδεξάμενοι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν μετὰ Ἰησοῦ 1 our fathers, under Joshua, received the tabernacle and brought it with them The phrase “under Joshua” means that their ancestors did these things in obedience to Joshua’s direction. Alternate translation: “our fathers, in accordance with Joshua’s instructions, received the tabernacle and brought it with them”
ACT 7 45 n1pp τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὧν ἐξῶσεν ὁ Θεὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν 1 God took the land from the nations and drove them out before the face of our fathers This sentence tells why the ancestors were able to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “God forced the nations to leave the land before the face of our fathers”
ACT 7 45 spm5 figs-metonymy τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν…ὁ Θεὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν 1 God took the land…before the face of our fathers Here “the face of our fathers” refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are 1) “As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out” or 2) “When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 7 45 spm5 figs-metonymy τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν…ὁ Θεὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν 1 God took the land…before the face of our fathers Here “the face of our fathers” refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are (1) “As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out” or (2) “When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 7 45 c2fb figs-metonymy τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 the nations This refers to the people who lived in the land before Israel. Alternate translation: “the people who previously lived here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 7 45 m9ib ὧν ἐξῶσεν 1 drove them out “forced them to leave the land”
ACT 7 46 w3cu σκήνωμα τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰακώβ 1 a dwelling place for the God of Jacob “a house for the ark where the God of Jacob could stay.” David wanted a permanent place for the ark to reside in Jerusalem, not in a tent.
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ ACT 8 4 dh3x 0 Connecting Statement: This begins the story of Philip, whom the
ACT 8 4 ymy5 figs-activepassive διασπαρέντες 1 who had been scattered The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was stated previously. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who had fled the great persecution and had gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 8 4 su6i figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 the word This is a metonym for “the message.” You may need to make explicit that the message was about Jesus. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 8 5 gz5m κατελθὼν εἰς τὴν πόλιν τῆς Σαμαρείας 1 went down to the city of Samaria The phrase “went down” is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
ACT 8 5 f45b τὴν πόλιν τῆς Σαμαρείας 1 the city of Samaria Possible meanings are 1) Luke expected the readers to know which city he was writing about. Alternate translation: “the main city in Samaria” or 2) Luke did not expect his readers to know which city he was writing about. Alternate translation: “a city in Samaria”
ACT 8 5 f45b τὴν πόλιν τῆς Σαμαρείας 1 the city of Samaria Possible meanings are (1) Luke expected the readers to know which city he was writing about. Alternate translation: “the main city in Samaria” or (2) Luke did not expect his readers to know which city he was writing about. Alternate translation: “a city in Samaria”
ACT 8 5 pk1l figs-metonymy ἐκήρυσσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Χριστόν 1 proclaimed to them the Christ The title “Christ” refers to Jesus, the Messiah. Alternate translation: “told them that Jesus is the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 8 6 cnt9 δὲ οἱ ὄχλοι 1 When multitudes of people “When many people in the city of Samaria.” The location was specified in [Acts 8:5](../08/05.md).
ACT 8 6 wm83 προσεῖχον 1 they paid attention The reason people paid attention was because of all the healing Philip did.
@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ ACT 8 10 kb9b writing-background 0 General Information: Simon is introduced to
ACT 8 10 evt7 figs-hyperbole πάντες 1 All the Samaritans The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Many of the Samaritans” or “The Samaritans in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT 8 10 ibl1 figs-merism ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου 1 from the least to the greatest These two phrases refer to everyone from one extreme to the other. Alternate translation: “no matter how important they were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ACT 8 10 j3d8 οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ Δύναμις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη Μεγάλη 1 This man is that power of God which is called Great People were saying that Simon was the divine power known as “The Great Power.”
ACT 8 10 yw5v ἡ Δύναμις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη Μεγάλη 1 that power of God which is called Great Possible meanings are 1) the powerful representative of God or 2) God or 3) the most powerful man or 4) and angel. Since the term is unclear, it may be best to simply translate it as “the Great power of God” .
ACT 8 10 yw5v ἡ Δύναμις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη Μεγάλη 1 that power of God which is called Great Possible meanings are (1) the powerful representative of God or (2) God or (3) the most powerful man or (4) and angel. Since the term is unclear, it may be best to simply translate it as “the Great power of God” .
ACT 8 11 pxj8 writing-background 0 General Information: Simon is introduced to the story of Philip. This verse ends the background information about Simon and who he was among the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT 8 12 yiw3 0 Connecting Statement: These verses give more information about Simon and some of the Samaritans coming to believe in Jesus.
ACT 8 12 vsy8 figs-activepassive ἐβαπτίζοντο 1 they were baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Philip baptized them” or “Philip baptized the new believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -758,8 +758,8 @@ ACT 9 3 lv9q 0 Connecting Statement: After the high priest gave Saul the lette
ACT 9 3 jf4g ἐν…τῷ πορεύεσθαι 1 As he was traveling Saul left Jerusalem and now travels to Damascus.
ACT 9 3 by55 writing-newevent ἐγένετο 1 it happened that This is an expression that marks a change in the story to show something different is about to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT 9 3 dm6c τε αὐτὸν περιήστραψεν φῶς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 there shone all around him a light out of heaven “a light from heaven shone all around him”
ACT 9 3 gua8 ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 out of heaven Possible meanings are 1) heaven, where God lives or 2) the sky. The first meaning is preferable. Use that meaning if your language has a separate word for it.
ACT 9 4 y4u4 πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 he fell upon the ground Possible meanings are that 1) “Saul threw himself to the ground” or 2) “The light caused him to fall to the ground” or 3) “Saul fell to the ground the way one who fainted fell.” Saul did not fall accidentally.
ACT 9 3 gua8 ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 out of heaven Possible meanings are (1) heaven, where God lives or (2) the sky. The first meaning is preferable. Use that meaning if your language has a separate word for it.
ACT 9 4 y4u4 πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 he fell upon the ground Possible meanings are that (1) “Saul threw himself to the ground” or (2) “The light caused him to fall to the ground” or (3) “Saul fell to the ground the way one who fainted fell.” Saul did not fall accidentally.
ACT 9 4 c9l4 figs-rquestion τί με διώκεις 1 why are you persecuting me? This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural (AT): “You are persecuting me!” or a command (AT): “Stop persecuting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 9 5 q8ge 0 General Information: Every occurrence of the word “you” here is singular.
ACT 9 5 jaq2 τίς εἶ, κύριε 1 Who are you, Lord? Saul was not acknowledging that Jesus is the Lord. He uses that title because he understood that he spoke to someone of supernatural power.
@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ ACT 9 27 abcb εἶδεν 1 he had seen “Saul had seen”
ACT 9 27 abcc ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ 1 he had spoken to him “the Lord had spoken to Saul”
ACT 9 27 n9f1 figs-metonymy ἐπαρρησιάσατο ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus This is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. Alternate translation: “had openly preached the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 9 28 m5rs ἦν μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 He met with them Here the word “He” refers to Paul. The word “them” probably refers to the apostles and other disciples in Jerusalem.
ACT 9 28 fbb7 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Possible meanings are 1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. Alternate translation: “about the Lord Jesus” or 2) “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “under the authority of the Lord Jesus” or “with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 9 28 fbb7 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Possible meanings are (1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. Alternate translation: “about the Lord Jesus” or (2) “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “under the authority of the Lord Jesus” or “with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 9 29 d7lm συνεζήτει πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς 1 debated with the Grecian Jews Saul tried to reason with the Jews who spoke Greek.
ACT 9 30 uz9a οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 the brothers The words “the brothers” refers to the believers in Jerusalem.
ACT 9 30 j4mt κατήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς Καισάρειαν 1 brought him down to Caesarea The phrase “brought him down” is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ ACT 12 1 zy6y figs-idiom ἐπέβαλεν…τὰς χεῖρας…τινας
ACT 12 1 u1gv figs-explicit τινας τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 some who belonged to the church Only James and Peter are specified, which implies that these were leaders of the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 12 1 s7lc κακῶσαί 1 so that he might mistreat them “in order to cause the believers to suffer”
ACT 12 2 aw4t ἀνεῖλεν δὲ Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου, μαχαίρῃ 1 He killed James…with the sword This tells the manner in which James was killed.
ACT 12 2 r1zv figs-metonymy ἀνεῖλεν…Ἰάκωβον 1 He killed James Possible meanings are 1) Herod himself killed James or 2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. Alternate translation: “Herod gave the order and they killed James” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 12 2 r1zv figs-metonymy ἀνεῖλεν…Ἰάκωβον 1 He killed James Possible meanings are (1) Herod himself killed James or (2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. Alternate translation: “Herod gave the order and they killed James” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 12 3 pms7 0 General Information: Here the word “he” refers to Herod ([Acts 12:1](../12/01.md)).
ACT 12 3 v4ag ἰδὼν δὲ ὅτι ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 After he saw that this pleased the Jews “When Herod realized that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders”
ACT 12 3 wpm1 ρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 pleased the Jews “made the Jewish leaders happy”
@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ ACT 12 18 iqv4 γενομένης…ἡμέρας 1 when it became day “in th
ACT 12 18 zl7i figs-litotes ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο 1 there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter This phrase is used to emphasize what really happened. This could be said in a positive way. Alternate translation: “there was a great disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT 12 18 ilz4 figs-abstractnouns ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο 1 there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter The abstract noun “disturbance” can be expressed with the words “disturbed” or “upset.” Alternate translation: “the soldiers were very disturbed about what had happened to Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 12 19 twr1 Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν καὶ μὴ εὑρὼν 1 After Herod had searched for him and could not find him “After Herod searched for Peter and could not find him”
ACT 12 19 pz6v Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν 1 After Herod had searched for him Possible meanings are that 1) “when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison” or 2) “when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison.”
ACT 12 19 pz6v Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν 1 After Herod had searched for him Possible meanings are that (1) “when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison” or (2) “when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison.”
ACT 12 19 c69i ἀνακρίνας τοὺς φύλακας, ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαχθῆναι 1 he questioned the guards and ordered them to be put to death It was the normal punishment for the Roman government to kill the guards if their prisoner escaped.
ACT 12 19 br16 καὶ κατελθὼν 1 Then he went down The phrase “went down” is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Judea.
ACT 12 20 n2lw 0 Connecting Statement: Luke continues with another event in Herod’s life.
@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ ACT 13 4 iyh8 κατῆλθον 1 went down The phrase “went down” is used
ACT 13 4 d1q5 Σελεύκιαν 1 Seleucia a city by the sea
ACT 13 5 at85 Σαλαμῖνι 1 city of Salamis The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island.
ACT 13 5 ct8b figs-synecdoche κατήγγελλον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 proclaimed the word of God “Word of God” here is a synecdoche for “message of God.” Alternate translation: “proclaimed the message of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 13 5 p5t3 συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 synagogues of the Jews Possible meanings are that 1) “there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis where Barnabas and Saul preached” or 2) “Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus.”
ACT 13 5 p5t3 συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 synagogues of the Jews Possible meanings are that (1) “there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis where Barnabas and Saul preached” or (2) “Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus.”
ACT 13 5 sxw6 εἶχον δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννην, ὑπηρέτην 1 They also had John Mark as their assistant “John Mark went with them and was helping them”
ACT 13 5 ukx2 ὑπηρέτην 1 assistant “helper”
ACT 13 6 h9he 0 General Information: Here the word “they” refers to Paul, Silas, and John Mark.The words “This man” refer to “Sergius Paulus.” The first word “he” refers to Sergius Paulus, the proconsul; the second word “he” refers to Elymas (also called Bar-Jesus), the magician.
@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ ACT 13 41 p4c2 ἐάν τις ἐκδιηγῆται ὑμῖν 1 even if someo
ACT 13 42 ax8v ἐξιόντων δὲ 1 As Paul and Barnabas left “When Paul and Barnabas were leaving”
ACT 13 42 f3sw ἐξιόντων δὲ, αὐτῶν παρεκάλουν 1 As they left, they begged them “As Paul and Barnabas left, the people begged them”
ACT 13 42 y4p9 figs-metonymy τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 1 these same words Here “words” refers to the message that Paul had spoken. Alternate translation: “this same message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 13 43 a58z λυθείσης δὲ τῆς συναγωγῆς 1 When the synagogue meeting ended Possible meanings are 1) this restates “As Paul and Barnabas left” in verse 42 or 2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later.
ACT 13 43 a58z λυθείσης δὲ τῆς συναγωγῆς 1 When the synagogue meeting ended Possible meanings are (1) this restates “As Paul and Barnabas left” in verse 42 or (2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later.
ACT 13 43 sws7 προσηλύτων 1 proselytes These were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism.
ACT 13 43 q2aj οἵτινες προσλαλοῦντες αὐτοῖς, ἔπειθον αὐτοὺς 1 who spoke to them and urged them “and Paul and Barnabas spoke to those people and urged them”
ACT 13 43 fv15 figs-explicit προσμένειν τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 to continue in the grace of God It is implied that they believed Paul’s message that Jesus was the Messiah. Alternate translation: “to continue to trust that God kindly forgives people’s sins because of what Jesus did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ ACT 14 22 d9ic writing-quotations καὶ ὅτι διὰ πολλῶν θλίψ
ACT 14 22 wu1c figs-inclusive δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν 1 We must enter Paul includes his hearers, so the word “we” is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT 14 23 pk5l 0 General Information: Except for the third use of the word “they” which refers to the people that Paul and Barnabas had led to the Lord, all the words “they” here refer to Paul and Barnabas.
ACT 14 23 mqp9 χειροτονήσαντες δὲ αὐτοῖς κατ’ ἐκκλησίαν πρεσβυτέρους 1 When they had appointed for them elders in every church “When Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders in each new group of believers”
ACT 14 23 nd87 παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς 1 they entrusted them Possible meanings are 1) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they had appointed” or 2) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the leaders and other believers”
ACT 14 23 nd87 παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς 1 they entrusted them Possible meanings are (1) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they had appointed” or (2) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the leaders and other believers”
ACT 14 23 ls62 εἰς ὃν πεπιστεύκεισαν 1 in whom they had believed Who “they” refers to depends on your choice for the meaning of “them” in the previous note (either elders or leaders and other believers).
ACT 14 25 t513 figs-metonymy καὶ λαλήσαντες ἐν Πέργῃ τὸν λόγον 1 When they had spoken the word in Perga “Word” here is a metonym for “message of God.” Alternate translation: “(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 14 25 h8sh κατέβησαν εἰς Ἀττάλιαν 1 went down to Attalia The phrase “went down” is used here because Attalia is lower in elevation than Perga.
@ -1689,7 +1689,7 @@ ACT 17 2 bt5e ἐπὶ Σάββατα τρία 1 for three Sabbath days “on e
ACT 17 2 wp3k figs-explicit διελέξατο αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν 1 reasoned with them from the scriptures Paul explained what the scriptures means in order to prove to the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 17 2 qf4t διελέξατο αὐτοῖς 1 reasoned with them “gave them reasons” or “debated with them” or “discussed with them”
ACT 17 3 e85n 0 General Information: Here the word “He” refers to Paul ([Acts 17:2](../17/02.md)).
ACT 17 3 ir9q figs-metaphor διανοίγων 1 He was opening the scriptures Possible meanings are 1) to explain the scriptures in a way that people can understand is spoken of as if Paul were opening something so people can see what is inside of it, or 2) Paul was literally opening a book or scroll and reading from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 17 3 ir9q figs-metaphor διανοίγων 1 He was opening the scriptures Possible meanings are (1) to explain the scriptures in a way that people can understand is spoken of as if Paul were opening something so people can see what is inside of it, or (2) Paul was literally opening a book or scroll and reading from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 17 3 he78 ἔδει 1 it was necessary “it was part of God’s plan”
ACT 17 3 ipb2 ἀναστῆναι 1 to rise again “to come back to life”
ACT 17 3 b9qi ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
@ -1707,7 +1707,7 @@ ACT 17 5 t3bc figs-metonymy ἐθορύβουν τὴν πόλιν 1 set the cit
ACT 17 5 s3uv ἐπιστάντες τῇ οἰκίᾳ 1 Assaulting the house “Violently attacking the house.” This probably means the people were throwing rocks at the house and trying to break down the door of the house.
ACT 17 5 ks2l translate-names Ἰάσονος 1 Jason This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 17 5 abcu αὐτοὺς προαγαγεῖν 1 to bring them out “to bring Paul and Silas out”
ACT 17 5 pp7k προαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν δῆμον 1 out to the people Possible meanings or “people” are 1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or 2) a mob.
ACT 17 5 pp7k προαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν δῆμον 1 out to the people Possible meanings or “people” are (1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or (2) a mob.
ACT 17 6 i79p τινας ἀδελφοὺς 1 certain other brothers Here “brothers” refers to believers. Alternate translation: “some other believers”
ACT 17 6 e44z ἐπὶ τοὺς πολιτάρχας 1 before the officials “in the presence of the officials”
ACT 17 6 g7xj οἱ…ἀναστατώσαντες, οὗτοι 1 These men who have The Jewish leaders were speaking and the phrase, “These men,” refers to Paul and Silas.
@ -1763,7 +1763,7 @@ ACT 17 21 wr1r λέγειν τι ἢ ἀκούειν τι καινότερον
ACT 17 22 zq3y 0 General Information: Paul begins his speech to the philosophers on the Areopagus.
ACT 17 22 ja1k κατὰ πάντα…δεισιδαιμονεστέρους 1 very religious in every way Paul is referring to the Athenians’ public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars, and offering sacrifices.
ACT 17 23 gn1j διερχόμενος γὰρ 1 For as I passed along “Because as I walked past” or “I walked along”
ACT 17 23 cem7 ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ 1 To an Unknown God Possible meanings are 1) “to a certain unknown god” or 2) “to a god not known.” This was a specific writing or inscription on that altar.
ACT 17 23 cem7 ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ 1 To an Unknown God Possible meanings are (1) “to a certain unknown god” or (2) “to a god not known.” This was a specific writing or inscription on that altar.
ACT 17 24 m1jm τὸν κόσμον 1 the world In the most general sense, the “world” refers to the heavens and the earth and everything in them.
ACT 17 24 rqk9 οὗτος…ὑπάρχων Κύριος 1 since he is Lord “because he is the Lord.” Here “he” is referring to the unknown god mentioned in [Acts 17:23](../17/23.md) that Paul is explaining is the Lord God.
ACT 17 24 f2mz figs-merism οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς 1 of heaven and earth The words “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean all beings and things in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ ACT 18 1 qa9b 0 Connecting Statement: This is another part of the story of Pau
ACT 18 1 fky7 μετὰ ταῦτα 1 After these things “After these events took place in Athens”
ACT 18 1 abcw χωρισθεὶς 1 he departed “Paul departed”
ACT 18 1 h2si ἐκ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν 1 Athens Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 17:15](../17/15.md).
ACT 18 2 d9zx καὶ εὑρών 1 There he met Possible meanings are that 1) Paul happened to find by chance or 2) Paul intentionally found.
ACT 18 2 d9zx καὶ εὑρών 1 There he met Possible meanings are that (1) Paul happened to find by chance or (2) Paul intentionally found.
ACT 18 2 hm16 writing-participants τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν 1 a Jew named Aquila Here the phrase “a certain” indicates this is introducing new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT 18 2 y97p translate-names Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει 1 a native of Pontus Pontus was a province on the southern coast of the Black Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 18 2 q4va προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα 1 had recently come This is probably sometime in the past year.
@ -1814,7 +1814,7 @@ ACT 18 2 n95f τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον 1 Claudius had co
ACT 18 3 q259 τὸ ὁμότεχνον εἶναι 1 he worked at the same trade “he did the same kind of work that they did”
ACT 18 4 r56h 0 General Information: Silas and Timothy rejoin Paul.
ACT 18 4 h3az διελέγετο δὲ 1 So Paul reasoned “So Paul debated” or “So Paul discussed.” He gave reasons. This means that rather than just preaching, Paul talked and interacted with the people.
ACT 18 4 r2gp ἔπειθέν τε Ἰουδαίους καὶ Ἕλληνας 1 He persuaded both Jews and Greeks Possible meanings are 1) “He caused both Jews and Greeks to believe” or 2) “He kept trying to persuade the Jews and the Greeks.”
ACT 18 4 r2gp ἔπειθέν τε Ἰουδαίους καὶ Ἕλληνας 1 He persuaded both Jews and Greeks Possible meanings are (1) “He caused both Jews and Greeks to believe” or (2) “He kept trying to persuade the Jews and the Greeks.”
ACT 18 5 d191 figs-activepassive συνείχετο τῷ λόγῳ ὁ Παῦλος 1 Paul devoted himself to the word This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit compelled Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 18 6 ncx8 translate-symaction ἐκτιναξάμενος τὰ ἱμάτια 1 shook out his garment This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul will no longer try to teach the Jews there about Jesus. He is leaving them to God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT 18 6 z12a figs-metonymy τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑμῶν 1 May your blood be upon your own heads Here “blood” stands for the guilt of their actions. Here “heads” refers to the whole person. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. Alternate translation: “You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1842,7 +1842,7 @@ ACT 18 15 khr5 κριτὴς ἐγὼ τούτων οὐ βούλομαι εἶ
ACT 18 16 yf81 0 General Information: Here the word “they” probably refers to the Gentiles at the court. They reacted against the Jews who had brought Paul before the judgment seat ([Acts 18:12](../18/12.md)).
ACT 18 16 d6nh figs-metonymy ἀπήλασεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος 1 Gallio made them leave the judgment seat “Gallio dismissed them from the judgment seat.” Here “judgment seat” refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. Alternate translation: “Gallio made them leave his presence in the court” or “Gallio made them leave the court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 18 17 cyk6 figs-hyperbole ἐπιλαβόμενοι…πάντες 1 they all seized This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the strong feelings the people had. Alternate translation: “many people seized” or “many of them grabbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT 18 17 mj77 ἐπιλαβόμενοι δὲ πάντες Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον, ἔτυπτον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος 1 So they all seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him in front of the judgment seat Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles beat Sosthenes in the court in front of the judgment seat because he was the Jewish leader or 2) it is possible that Sosthenes was a believer in Christ, so the Jews beat him in front of the court.
ACT 18 17 mj77 ἐπιλαβόμενοι δὲ πάντες Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον, ἔτυπτον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος 1 So they all seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him in front of the judgment seat Possible meanings are (1) the Gentiles beat Sosthenes in the court in front of the judgment seat because he was the Jewish leader or (2) it is possible that Sosthenes was a believer in Christ, so the Jews beat him in front of the court.
ACT 18 17 x9w5 translate-names Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον 1 Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue “Sosthenes” was the Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 18 17 z9fv ἔτυπτον 1 beat him “repeatedly hit him” or “repeatedly punched him.”
ACT 18 18 x25w translate-names 0 General Information: Here the word “he” refers to Paul. Cenchreae was a seaport that was part of the greater Corinth city area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1917,7 +1917,7 @@ ACT 19 11 cb6w 0 General Information: Here the words “them” and “they”
ACT 19 11 fa6h figs-synecdoche δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς τυχούσας, ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίει διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Παύλου 1 God was doing not ordinary miracles by the hands of Paul Here “hands” stands for Paul’s whole person. Alternate translation: “God was causing Paul to do miracles” or “God was doing miracles through Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 19 11 abcy οὐ τὰς τυχούσας 1 not ordinary “unusual”
ACT 19 12 m3kl καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀποφέρεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια, καὶ 1 even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick and This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when they took to sick people even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched Paul”
ACT 19 12 vc1v καὶ…ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια 1 even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him Possible meanings are 1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or 2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used.
ACT 19 12 vc1v καὶ…ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια 1 even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him Possible meanings are (1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or (2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used.
ACT 19 12 aks4 σουδάρια 1 handkerchiefs cloths worn around the head
ACT 19 12 xs31 σιμικίνθια 1 aprons clothing worn on the front of the body to protect the clothes of people
ACT 19 12 kw9z figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας 1 the sick This refers to sick people. Alternate translation: “sick people” or “those who were sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ ACT 19 20 es71 figs-synecdoche οὕτως κατὰ κράτος τοῦ Κυρ
ACT 19 21 k1j1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul talks about going Jerusalem but does not leave Ephesus yet.
ACT 19 21 de4f δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story.
ACT 19 21 q18b ἐπληρώθη ταῦτα…ὁ Παῦλος 1 Paul completed his ministry in Ephesus “Paul completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus”
ACT 19 21 fgq5 ἔθετο…ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι 1 he decided in the Spirit Possible meanings are 1) Paul decided with the help of the Holy Spirit or 2) Paul decided within his own spirit, which means he made up his mind.
ACT 19 21 fgq5 ἔθετο…ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι 1 he decided in the Spirit Possible meanings are (1) Paul decided with the help of the Holy Spirit or (2) Paul decided within his own spirit, which means he made up his mind.
ACT 19 21 brb7 Ἀχαΐαν 1 Achaia Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](../18/12.md).
ACT 19 21 rdz4 δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδεῖν 1 I must also see Rome “I must also travel to Rome”
ACT 19 22 cy6f translate-names Ἔραστον 1 Erastus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ ACT 20 5 kv8t οὗτοι…προσελθόντες 1 these men had gone befor
ACT 20 6 l5dr τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the days of unleavened bread This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. See how you translated this in [Acts 12:3](../12/03.md).
ACT 20 7 dnt4 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 20:4-6](./04.md))
ACT 20 7 mbr8 0 Connecting Statement: Luke tells about Paul’s preaching in Troas and about what happened to Eutychus.
ACT 20 7 zff8 figs-synecdoche κλάσαι ἄρτον 1 to break bread Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are 1) this refers simply to eating a meal together. Alternate translation: “eat a meal” or 2) this refers to the meal they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “to eat the Lord’s Supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 20 7 zff8 figs-synecdoche κλάσαι ἄρτον 1 to break bread Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are (1) this refers simply to eating a meal together. Alternate translation: “eat a meal” or (2) this refers to the meal they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “to eat the Lord’s Supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 20 7 j888 παρέτεινέν τε τὸν λόγον 1 he kept speaking “he continued to speak”
ACT 20 8 ak8z ὑπερῴῳ 1 upper room This may have been the third floor house.
ACT 20 9 hw7b 0 General Information: Here the word “himself” refers to Paul. The first word “he” refers to Paul; the second word “he” refers to the young man, Eutychus. The word “him” refers to Eutychus.
@ -2036,7 +2036,7 @@ ACT 20 11 av7m 0 General Information: Here the word “he” refers to Paul.
ACT 20 11 lih8 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about Paul’s preaching at Troas and about Eutychus.
ACT 20 11 w5w8 figs-synecdoche κλάσας τὸν ἄρτον 1 broke bread Bread was a common food during meals. Here “break bread” probably means they shared a meal with more kinds of food than just bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 20 11 t88c οὕτως ἐξῆλθεν 1 he left “he went away”
ACT 20 12 jkj5 τὸν παῖδα 1 the boy This refers to Eutychus ([Acts 20:9](../20/09.md)). Possible meanings are 1) he was a young man over 14 years old or 2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old or 3) the word “boy” implies that he was a servant or a slave.
ACT 20 12 jkj5 τὸν παῖδα 1 the boy This refers to Eutychus ([Acts 20:9](../20/09.md)). Possible meanings are (1) he was a young man over 14 years old or (2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old or (3) the word “boy” implies that he was a servant or a slave.
ACT 20 12 figs-litotes οὐ μετρίως 1 not moderately This is a way of saying that they were greatly comforted. Alternate translation: “greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT 20 13 dja7 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: The words “he,” “himself,” and “him” refer to Paul. Here the word “we” refers to the writer and those traveling with him, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT 20 13 awt9 0 Connecting Statement: The writer Luke, Paul, and his other companions continue their travels; however, Paul goes separately for part of the trip.
@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ ACT 21 37 j9xk figs-activepassive μέλλων τε εἰσάγεσθαι 1 As P
ACT 21 37 qp63 τὴν παρεμβολὴν 1 the fortress This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md).
ACT 21 37 inl1 τῷ χιλιάρχῳ 1 the chief captain a Roman military officer of about 600 soldiers
ACT 21 37 p5cd figs-rquestion Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις 11 The captain said, “Do you speak Greek? The chief captain uses this questions to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Alternate translation: “So you speak Greek.” or “I didn’t know you spoke Greek.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 21 38 xx2w figs-rquestion οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος, ὁ πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν, ἀναστατώσας καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας τῶν σικαρίων 1 Are you not then the Egyptian…wilderness? The chief captain uses this question and the question “Do you speak Greek?” (verse 37) to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Possible meanings are 1) as in ULT, the chief captain believes that even though Paul speaks Greek, Paul is the Egyptian. “Even though you speak Greek, I still think you are the Egyptian…wilderness.” 2) Because Paul speaks Greek, the chief captain thinks that perhaps Paul is not the Egyptian. “So you speak Greek. Perhaps I was wrong to think you were that Egyptian…wilderness.” It is best to retain the questions if the reader can infer one of the two meanings from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 21 38 xx2w figs-rquestion οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος, ὁ πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν, ἀναστατώσας καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας τῶν σικαρίων 1 Are you not then the Egyptian…wilderness? The chief captain uses this question and the question “Do you speak Greek?” (verse 37) to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Possible meanings are (1) as in ULT, the chief captain believes that even though Paul speaks Greek, Paul is the Egyptian. “Even though you speak Greek, I still think you are the Egyptian…wilderness.” (2) Because Paul speaks Greek, the chief captain thinks that perhaps Paul is not the Egyptian. “So you speak Greek. Perhaps I was wrong to think you were that Egyptian…wilderness.” It is best to retain the questions if the reader can infer one of the two meanings from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT 21 38 nxs6 figs-explicit οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος 1 Are you not then the Egyptian Shortly before Paul’s visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped into the wilderness and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 21 38 lwi4 figs-abstractnouns ἀναστατώσας 1 started a rebellion This word “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “caused people to rebel against the Roman government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 21 38 tqh6 translate-numbers τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας 1 the four thousand men “the 4,000 terrorists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -2414,7 +2414,7 @@ ACT 24 2 sv8c καὶ διορθωμάτων γινομένων τῷ ἔθνε
ACT 24 3 r5jl μετὰ πάσης εὐχαριστίας 1 with all thankfulness The word “thankfulness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “so we are very thankful and we welcome everything that you do” or “so we thank you very much and welcome everything that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 24 3 q3fj κράτιστε Φῆλιξ 1 most excellent Felix “Governor Felix who deserves greatest honor” Felix was the roman governor over the whole region. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 23:25](../23/25.md).
ACT 24 4 tyq8 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: The word “we” refers to Ananias, certain elders, and Tertullus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT 24 4 jww2 ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον σε ἐνκόπτω 1 So that I detain you no more Possible meanings are 1) “so that I will not take up too much of your time” or 2) “so that I will not tire you”
ACT 24 4 jww2 ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον σε ἐνκόπτω 1 So that I detain you no more Possible meanings are (1) “so that I will not take up too much of your time” or (2) “so that I will not tire you”
ACT 24 4 xfm5 ἀκοῦσαί…ἡμῶν συντόμως, τῇ σῇ ἐπιεικείᾳ 1 briefly listen to me with kindness “kindly listen to my short speech”
ACT 24 5 i1qs figs-metaphor τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον λοιμὸν 1 this man to be a pest This speaks of Paul as if he were a plague that spreads from one person to another. Alternate translation: “this man to be a trouble maker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 24 5 k1v1 figs-hyperbole πᾶσι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην 1 all the Jews throughout the world The word “all” here is probably an exaggeration used to strengthen their accusation against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -2475,7 +2475,7 @@ ACT 25 intro b6uk 0 # Acts 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this ch
ACT 25 1 c84u 0 General Information: Festus becomes the governor of Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 24:27](../24/27.md).
ACT 25 1 tj76 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to be a prisoner in Caesarea.
ACT 25 1 w8h3 οὖν 1 Now This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story.
ACT 25 1 i7t9 Φῆστος…ἐπιβὰς τῇ ἐπαρχείᾳ 1 Festus entered the province Possible meanings are 1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or 2) Festus simply arrived in the area.
ACT 25 1 i7t9 Φῆστος…ἐπιβὰς τῇ ἐπαρχείᾳ 1 Festus entered the province Possible meanings are (1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or (2) Festus simply arrived in the area.
ACT 25 1 zz4l ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπὸ Καισαρείας 1 he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem The phrase “went up” is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea.
ACT 25 2 qnc8 figs-metaphor ἐνεφάνισάν…οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν Ἰουδαίων κατὰ τοῦ Παύλου 1 The chief priest and the prominent Jews brought accusations against Paul This speaks about accusations as if they were an object that a person could bring to someone else. Alternate translation: “The chief priest and the important Jews accused Paul to Festus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 25 2 uj5p παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 they summoned him Here the word “him” refers to Festus.
@ -2502,7 +2502,7 @@ ACT 25 10 u1ef figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος
ACT 25 11 el9d figs-hypo οὖν ἀδικῶ καὶ ἄξιον θανάτου πέπραχά τι, οὐ παραιτοῦμαι τὸ ἀποθανεῖν; εἰ δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν μου, οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι 1 Though if I have done wrong…no one may hand me over to them Paul is stating a hypothetical situation. If he were guilty, he would accept the punishment, but he knows that he is not guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
ACT 25 11 ta55 εἰ…ἄξιον θανάτου πέπραχά τι 1 if I have done what is worthy of death “if I have done some wrong that deserves the death penalty”
ACT 25 11 hxr1 οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν 1 if their accusations are nothing “if the charges against me are not true”
ACT 25 11 hr23 οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι 1 no one may hand me over to them Possible meanings are 1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or 2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews.
ACT 25 11 hr23 οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι 1 no one may hand me over to them Possible meanings are (1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or (2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews.
ACT 25 11 b1bf Καίσαρα ἐπικαλοῦμαι 1 I appeal to Caesar “I ask that I go before Caesar so he can judge me”
ACT 25 12 t96z μετὰ τοῦ συμβουλίου 1 with the council This is not the Sanhedrin that is referred to as “council” throughout Acts. This is a political council in the Roman government. Alternate translation: “with his own government advisors”
ACT 25 13 izu8 writing-participants 0 General Information: King Agrippa and Bernice are new people in the story. Though he ruled over only a few territories, King Agrippa is the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice is Agrippa’s sister.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2539,7 +2539,7 @@ ACT 25 25 g856 τὸν Σεβαστὸν 1 the emperor The emperor was the rule
ACT 25 26 jcq2 προήγαγον αὐτὸν ἐφ’ ὑμῶν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ σοῦ, Βασιλεῦ Ἀγρίππα 1 I have brought him to you, especially to you, King Agrippa “I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa.”
ACT 25 26 rhy2 ὅπως…σχῶ τι γράψω 1 so that I might have something more to write “so that I will have something else to write” or “so that I will know what I should write”
ACT 25 27 txs6 figs-doublenegatives ἄλογον…μοι δοκεῖ πέμποντα δέσμιον, μὴ καὶ…σημᾶναι 1 it seems unreasonable for me to send a prisoner and to not also state The negative words “unreasonable” and “to not” can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it seems reasonable to me that if I send a prisoner then I should also state” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT 25 27 xm65 τὰς κατ’ αὐτοῦ αἰτίας 1 the charges against him Possible meanings are 1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or 2) the charges under Roman law that apply to Paul’s case.
ACT 25 27 xm65 τὰς κατ’ αὐτοῦ αἰτίας 1 the charges against him Possible meanings are (1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or (2) the charges under Roman law that apply to Paul’s case.
ACT 26 intro e2q6 0 # Acts 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the third account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 22](../22/01.md))<br><br>Paul told the King Agrippa why he had done what he had done and that the governor should not punish him for that.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
ACT 26 1 b34d 0 Connecting Statement: Festus has brought Paul before King Agrippa. In verse 2, Paul gives his defense to King Agrippa.
ACT 26 1 gz9f Ἀγρίππας 1 Agrippa Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine, though he ruled over only a few territories. See how you translated this name in [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md).
@ -2550,8 +2550,8 @@ ACT 26 2 xhz1 ἀπολογεῖσθαι 1 to make my case This phrase means to
ACT 26 2 mdq2 figs-abstractnouns περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐνκαλοῦμαι ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων 1 against all the accusations of the Jews The abstract noun “accusations” can be stated as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “against all the Jews who are accusing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT 26 2 cbr3 figs-synecdoche Ἰουδαίων 1 the Jews This does not mean all the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT 26 3 kns2 figs-explicit ζητημάτων 1 questions You can make explicit what kinds of questions this means. Alternate translation: “questions about religious matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 26 4 t8bg figs-hyperbole πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι 1 all the Jews This is a generalization. Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Jews in general who knew about Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jews” or 2) this refers to Pharisees who knew Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT 26 4 x96h ἐν τῷ ἔθνει μου 1 in my own nation Possible meanings are 1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or 2) in the land of Israel.
ACT 26 4 t8bg figs-hyperbole πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι 1 all the Jews This is a generalization. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Jews in general who knew about Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jews” or (2) this refers to Pharisees who knew Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT 26 4 x96h ἐν τῷ ἔθνει μου 1 in my own nation Possible meanings are (1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or (2) in the land of Israel.
ACT 26 5 y9a1 τὴν ἀκριβεστάτην αἵρεσιν τῆς ἡμετέρας θρησκείας 1 the strictest party of our religion “a group within Judaism who live by very strict rules”
ACT 26 6 xkp9 figs-you 0 General Information: Here “you” is plural and refers to the people who were listening to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT 26 6 s9kr νῦν 1 Now This word marks a shift from Paul discussing his past to talking about himself in the present.
@ -2566,7 +2566,7 @@ ACT 26 8 ukk6 νεκροὺς ἐγείρει 1 raises the dead Here to raise u
ACT 26 9 hm33 μὲν οὖν 1 Now indeed Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now beginning to describe how he formerly persecuted Jesus’ people.
ACT 26 9 r4df figs-metonymy πρὸς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ…ἐναντία 1 against the name of Jesus The word “name” here stands for the teaching about the person. Alternate translation: “to stop people from teaching about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 26 10 nys7 figs-activepassive ἀναιρουμένων…αὐτῶν, κατήνεγκα ψῆφον 1 when they were killed, I cast my vote against them The phrase “were killed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I voted in agreement with the other Jewish leaders to condemn believers to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 26 11 rri6 πολλάκις τιμωρῶν αὐτοὺς 1 I punished them many times Possible meanings are 1) Paul punished some believers many times or 2) Paul punished many different believers.
ACT 26 11 rri6 πολλάκις τιμωρῶν αὐτοὺς 1 I punished them many times Possible meanings are (1) Paul punished some believers many times or (2) Paul punished many different believers.
ACT 26 12 p55i 0 Connecting Statement: While talking to King Agrippa, Paul tells about when the Lord spoke with him.
ACT 26 12 us8d ἐν οἷς 1 While I was doing this Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now telling about when he saw Jesus and became his disciple.
ACT 26 12 h3ic ἐν οἷς 1 While This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. In this case, Paul went to Damascus during the time when he persecuted Christians.
@ -2621,11 +2621,11 @@ ACT 27 1 dyf5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul, as a prisoner, begins his journey
ACT 27 1 b2yz figs-activepassive ὡς…ἐκρίθη 1 When it was decided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When the king and the governor decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 27 1 yv84 ἀποπλεῖν…εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν 1 sail for Italy Italy is the name of the province Rome was in. See how you translated “Italy” in [Acts 18:2](../18/02.md).
ACT 27 1 s6ny παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας, ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ, σπείρης Σεβαστῆς 1 they put Paul and some other prisoners under the charge of a centurion named Julius of the Imperial Regiment “they put a centurion named Julius, of the Imperial Regiment, in charge of Paul and some other prisoners”
ACT 27 1 k52u παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας 1 they put Paul and some other prisoners Possible meanings are that 1) “they” refers to the governor and the king or 2) “they” refers to other Roman officials.
ACT 27 1 k52u παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας 1 they put Paul and some other prisoners Possible meanings are that (1) “they” refers to the governor and the king or (2) “they” refers to other Roman officials.
ACT 27 1 un2s translate-names ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ 1 a centurion named Julius Julius is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 27 1 d22f translate-names σπείρης Σεβαστῆς 1 the Imperial Regiment This was the name of the battalion or army from which the centurion came. Some versions translate this as “the Augustan Regiment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 27 2 dnr9 figs-metonymy ἐπιβάντες…πλοίῳ…μέλλοντι πλεῖν 1 We boarded a ship…which was about to sail Here “ship…which was about to sail” stands for the crew that will sail the ship. Alternate translation: “We boarded a ship…which a crew was about to sail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 27 2 fqy2 πλοίῳ Ἀδραμυντηνῷ 1 a ship from Adramyttium Possible meanings are 1) a ship that had come from Adramyttium or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Adramyttium.
ACT 27 2 fqy2 πλοίῳ Ἀδραμυντηνῷ 1 a ship from Adramyttium Possible meanings are (1) a ship that had come from Adramyttium or (2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Adramyttium.
ACT 27 2 f8pf μέλλοντι πλεῖν 1 about to sail “soon going to sail” or “would depart soon”
ACT 27 2 m3ps ἀνήχθημεν 1 went to sea “began our journey on the sea”
ACT 27 2 h3uy Ἀριστάρχου 1 Aristarchus Aristarchus came from Macedonia but had been working with Paul in Ephesus. See how you translated his name in [Acts 19:29](../19/29.md).
@ -2737,21 +2737,21 @@ ACT 28 2 e7w6 οἵ…βάρβαροι 1 The native people “The local people
ACT 28 2 v8yh figs-metaphor παρεῖχαν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν ἡμῖν 1 offered to us not just ordinary kindness Being kind to someone is spoken of as if it were an object that someone offers. Alternate translation: “were not only very kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 28 2 r7jy figs-litotes οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν 1 not just ordinary kindness This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite of what is said. Alternate translation: “a great deal of kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT 28 2 z9cp ἅψαντες…πυρὰν 1 they lit a fire “they put together twigs and branches and burned them”
ACT 28 2 itw2 προσελάβοντο πάντας ἡμᾶς 1 welcomed us all Possible meanings are 1) “welcomed all of the people from the ship” or 2) “welcomed Paul and all his companions.”
ACT 28 2 itw2 προσελάβοντο πάντας ἡμᾶς 1 welcomed us all Possible meanings are (1) “welcomed all of the people from the ship” or (2) “welcomed Paul and all his companions.”
ACT 28 3 g4ad ἔχιδνα ἀπὸ τῆς θέρμης ἐξελθοῦσα 1 a viper came out “a poisonous snake came out of the bundle of sticks”
ACT 28 3 xmx4 καθῆψε τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 fastened onto his hand “bit Paul’s hand and did not let go”
ACT 28 4 ye7h πάντως φονεύς ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος 1 This man certainly is a murderer “For sure, this man is a murderer” or “This man is truly a murderer”
ACT 28 4 ma1b figs-explicit ἡ δίκη…εἴασεν 1 yet justice The word “justice” refers to the name of a god that they worshiped. Alternate translation: “the god called Justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 28 5 q5i3 ἀποτινάξας τὸ θηρίον εἰς τὸ πῦρ 1 shook the animal into the fire “shook his hand so that the snake fell from his hand into the fire”
ACT 28 5 asr8 ἔπαθεν οὐδὲν κακόν 1 suffered no harm “Paul was not hurt at all”
ACT 28 6 m11i πίμπρασθαι 1 become inflamed with a fever Possible meanings are 1) his body would swell because of the snake venom or 2) he would become very hot with fever.
ACT 28 6 m11i πίμπρασθαι 1 become inflamed with a fever Possible meanings are (1) his body would swell because of the snake venom or (2) he would become very hot with fever.
ACT 28 6 i6i6 figs-doublenegatives μηδὲν ἄτοπον εἰς αὐτὸν γινόμενον 1 nothing was unusual with him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything about him was as it should be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT 28 6 u81u figs-metaphor μεταβαλόμενοι 1 they changed their minds To think differently about a situation is spoken of as if a person is changing his mind. Alternate translation: “they thought again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT 28 6 cfe9 figs-quotations ἔλεγον αὐτὸν εἶναι θεόν 1 said that he was a god. This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “said, ‘This man must be a god.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT 28 6 d1rj ἔλεγον αὐτὸν εἶναι θεόν 1 said that he was a god Perhaps there was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god.
ACT 28 7 f4sa figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the words “us” and we” refer to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT 28 7 r95r ἐν δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον 1 Now in a nearby place “Now” is used to introduce a new person or event in the account.
ACT 28 7 wx6t πρώτῳ τῆς νήσου 1 chief man of the island Possible meanings are 1) the main leader of the people or 2) someone who was the most important person on the island, perhaps because of his wealth.
ACT 28 7 wx6t πρώτῳ τῆς νήσου 1 chief man of the island Possible meanings are (1) the main leader of the people or (2) someone who was the most important person on the island, perhaps because of his wealth.
ACT 28 7 wh2d translate-names ὀνόματι Ποπλίῳ 1 a man named Publius This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 28 8 g12t writing-background ἐγένετο δὲ, τὸν πατέρα τοῦ Ποπλίου πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ συνεχόμενον κατακεῖσθαι 1 It happened that the father of Publius…fever and dysentery This is background information about Publius’ father that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT 28 8 m154 figs-activepassive συνεχόμενον κατακεῖσθαι 1 had been made ill This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2762,7 +2762,7 @@ ACT 28 10 ydg4 πολλαῖς τιμαῖς ἐτίμησαν ἡμᾶς 1 hon
ACT 28 11 jc5t figs-explicit 0 General Information: The Twin Brothers refers to Castor and Pollux, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were thought to be protectors of ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT 28 11 be1c 0 Connecting Statement: Paul’s journey to Rome continues.
ACT 28 11 qi6e παρακεχειμακότι ἐν τῇ νήσῳ 1 that had spent the winter at the island “that the crew left at the island for the cold season”
ACT 28 11 cm2t Ἀλεξανδρίνῳ 1 a ship of Alexandria Possible meanings are this refers to 1) a ship that came from Alexandria, or 2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria.
ACT 28 11 cm2t Ἀλεξανδρίνῳ 1 a ship of Alexandria Possible meanings are this refers to (1) a ship that came from Alexandria, or (2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria.
ACT 28 11 em5p Διοσκούροις 1 the twin gods On the bow of the ship, there was a carving of the two idols called “the twin gods.” Their names were Castor and Pollux.
ACT 28 12 w5c6 translate-names Συρακούσας 1 city of Syracuse Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern-day island of Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT 28 13 se8v translate-names 0 General Information: The Market of Appius and The Three Taverns was a popular market and inn on the main highway called the Appian Way, about 50 kilometers south of the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2789,7 +2789,7 @@ ACT 28 19 lr96 figs-synecdoche τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 the Jews This does no
ACT 28 19 zk8f ἀντιλεγόντων 1 spoke against their desire “complained about what the Roman authorities wanted to do”
ACT 28 19 n6vf figs-activepassive ἠναγκάσθην ἐπικαλέσασθαι Καίσαρα 1 I was forced to appeal to Caesar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I had to ask for Caesar to judge me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT 28 19 e7gr figs-activepassive οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν 1 although it is not as if I were bringing any accusation against my nation The abstract noun “accusation” can be stated as the verb “accuse.” Here “nation” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “but it was not because I wanted to accuse the people of my nation before Caesar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 28 20 b1fd τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ 1 the certain hope of Israel Possible meanings are 1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or 2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life.
ACT 28 20 b1fd τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ 1 the certain hope of Israel Possible meanings are (1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or (2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life.
ACT 28 20 n3s7 figs-metonymy τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ 1 Israel Here “Israel” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 28 20 pgr8 figs-metonymy τὴν ἅλυσιν ταύτην περίκειμαι 1 that I am bound with this chain Here “bound with this chain” stands for being a prisoner. Alternate translation: “that I am a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT 28 21 x5d5 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the words “We,” “we,” and “us” refer to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](../28/17.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

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@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ ROM 2 9 u8f7 figs-doublet θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία, ἐπὶ 1
ROM 2 9 ck9i figs-synecdoche ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου 1 on every human soul Here, Paul uses the word “soul” as a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “upon every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ROM 2 9 n7q4 τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν 1 has practiced evil “has continually done evil things”
ROM 2 9 a9s5 Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνος 1 to the Jew first, and also to the Greek “God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people”
ROM 2 9 n5ev πρῶτον 1 first Possible meanings are 1) “first in order of time” or 2) “most certainly”
ROM 2 9 n5ev πρῶτον 1 first Possible meanings are (1) “first in order of time” or (2) “most certainly”
ROM 2 10 vt1f δόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ 1 But praise, honor, and peace will come to everyone “But God will give praise, honor, and peace”
ROM 2 10 i9tg τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 practices good “continually does what is good”
ROM 2 10 zg3s Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι 1 to the Jew first, and also to the Greek “God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people”
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ ROM 2 21 uq9y figs-rquestion ὁ…διδάσκων ἕτερον, σεαυτὸ
ROM 2 21 hl38 figs-rquestion ὁ κηρύσσων μὴ κλέπτειν, κλέπτεις 1 You who preach against stealing, do you steal? Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “You tell people not to steal, but you steal!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ROM 2 22 vb45 figs-rquestion ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν, μοιχεύεις 1 You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ROM 2 22 qn68 figs-rquestion ὁ βδελυσσόμενος τὰ εἴδωλα, ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 You who hate idols, do you rob temples? Paul is using a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ROM 2 22 mv4d ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 Do you rob temples Possible meanings are 1) “steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit” or 2) “do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God.”
ROM 2 22 mv4d ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 Do you rob temples Possible meanings are (1) “steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit” or (2) “do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God.”
ROM 2 23 grr3 figs-rquestion ὃς ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου, τὸν Θεὸν ἀτιμάζεις 1 You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? Paul uses a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ROM 2 24 q13d figs-activepassive τὸ…ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ…βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “many Gentiles blaspheme the name of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 2 24 xq7q figs-metonymy ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 name of God The word “name” is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ ROM 3 intro y2kb 0 # Romans 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<b
ROM 3 1 v788 0 Connecting Statement: Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law.
ROM 3 1 gcd6 figs-explicit τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου, ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλια τῆς περιτομῆς 1 Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision? Paul presents ideas that people might have after they hear what he wrote in chapter 2. He does this in order to respond to them in verse 2. Alternate translation: “Some people might say, ‘Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision?’” or “Some people might say, ‘If that is true, then the Jews do not have any advantage, and there is no benefit in being circumcised.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ROM 3 2 rri9 figs-explicit πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον 1 It is great in every way Paul now responds to the concerns brought up in verse 1. Here “It” refers to being a member of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “But there is great advantage to being a Jew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 3 2 q2dh πρῶτον μὲν 1 First of all Possible meanings are 1) “First in order of time” or 2) “Most certainly” or 3) “Most importantly.”
ROM 3 2 q2dh πρῶτον μὲν 1 First of all Possible meanings are (1) “First in order of time” or (2) “Most certainly” or (3) “Most importantly.”
ROM 3 2 r62g figs-explicit ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 they were entrusted with revelation from God Here “revelation” refers to God’s words and promises. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God gave his words that contain his promises to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 3 3 d9k3 figs-rquestion τί γάρ εἰ ἠπίστησάν τινες? μὴ ἡ ἀπιστία αὐτῶν, τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταργήσει 1 For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief abolish God’s faithfulness? Paul uses these questions to make people think. Alternate translation: “Some Jews have not been faithful to God. Should we conclude from this that God will not fulfill his promise?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ROM 3 4 z465 μὴ γένοιτο 1 May it never be This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have an expression in your language that you could use here. “That is not possible!” or “Certainly not!”
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ ROM 3 19 n399 τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ 1 the ones who are under the law
ROM 3 19 cu9x figs-synecdoche ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ 1 in order that every mouth may be shut Here “mouth” is a synecdoche that means the words people speak. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 3 19 w12y figs-synecdoche ὑπόδικος γένηται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ 1 the whole world held accountable to God Here “world” is a synecdoche that represents all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “that God can declare everyone in the world guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ROM 3 20 xs9x σὰρξ 1 flesh Here “flesh” refers to all human beings.
ROM 3 20 gaa3 γὰρ 1 For Possible meanings are 1) “Therefore” or 2) “This is because”
ROM 3 20 gaa3 γὰρ 1 For Possible meanings are (1) “Therefore” or (2) “This is because”
ROM 3 20 wtp4 διὰ…νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας 1 through the law comes the knowledge of sin “when someone knows God’s law, he realizes that he has sinned”
ROM 3 21 fqz4 0 Connecting Statement: The word “but” here shows Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point.
ROM 3 21 y3te νυνὶ 1 now The word “now” refers to the time since Jesus came to the earth.
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ ROM 3 23 lym5 figs-metonymy ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ
ROM 3 24 xcu6 figs-explicit δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι, διὰ τῆς ἀπολυτρώσεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 they are freely justified by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus Here “justified” refers to being made right with God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God makes them right with himself as a free gift, because Christ Jesus sets them free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 3 24 bcc2 δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν 1 they are freely justified This means that they are justified without having to earn or merit being justified. God freely justifies them. Alternate translation: “they are made right with God without earning it”
ROM 3 25 m159 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι 1 in his blood This is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. Alternate translation: “in his death as a sacrifice for sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ROM 3 25 ieq9 πάρεσιν 1 disregard Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving.
ROM 3 25 ieq9 πάρεσιν 1 disregard Possible meanings are (1) ignoring or (2) forgiving.
ROM 3 26 lm1r πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ 1 This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time “He did this to show how God makes people right with himself”
ROM 3 26 cg55 εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ 1 so that he could be just, and justify the one who has faith in Jesus “By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus”
ROM 3 27 fjm4 figs-rquestion ποῦ οὖν ἡ καύχησις? ἐξεκλείσθη 1 Where then is boasting? It is excluded Paul asks this question to show that there is no reason for people to boast about obeying the law. Alternate translation: “So there is no way that we can boast that God favors us because we obeyed those laws. Boasting is excluded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ ROM 7 7 n43p ἁμαρτία 1 sin “my desire to sin”
ROM 7 8 mz77 figs-personification ἀφορμὴν δὲ λαβοῦσα ἡ ἁμαρτία διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς, κατειργάσατο ἐν ἐμοὶ πᾶσαν ἐπιθυμίαν; 1 But sin took the opportunity…brought about every lust Paul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 7 8 nj21 ἐπιθυμίαν 1 lust This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire.
ROM 7 8 r5i2 χωρὶς…νόμου, ἁμαρτία νεκρά 1 without the law, sin is dead “if there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin”
ROM 7 9 q9le figs-personification ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀνέζησεν 1 sin regained life This can mean 1) “I realized that I was sinning” or 2) “I strongly desired to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 7 9 q9le figs-personification ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀνέζησεν 1 sin regained life This can mean (1) “I realized that I was sinning” or (2) “I strongly desired to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 7 10 yu1u figs-metaphor εὑρέθη μοι ἡ ἐντολὴ, ἡ εἰς ζωὴν, αὕτη εἰς θάνατον. 1 The commandment that was to bring life turned out to be death for me Paul speaks of God’s condemnation as if it resulted primarily in physical death. Alternate translation: “God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 7 11 r582 figs-personification ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία ἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς, ἐξηπάτησέν με καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς ἀπέκτεινεν 1 For sin took the opportunity through the commandment and deceived me. Through the commandment it killed me As in [Romans 7:7-8](./07.md), Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. Alternate translation: “Because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 7 11 qi99 ἡ…ἁμαρτία 1 sin “my desire to sin”
@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ ROM 8 1 xw65 figs-explicit οὐδὲν ἄρα νῦν κατάκριμα το
ROM 8 1 i12t ἄρα 1 therefore “for that reason” or “because what I have just told you is true”
ROM 8 2 x8uu figs-explicit ὁ…νόμος τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus This refers to God’s Spirit. Alternate translation: “God’s Spirit in Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 8 2 th4n figs-metaphor ἠλευθέρωσέν σε ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 1 has set you free from the law of sin and death Being free from the law of sin and death is a metaphor for not being controlled by the law of sin and death. Alternate translation: “has caused the law of sin and death to no longer control you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 8 2 u82e τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 1 the law of sin and death Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the law, which provokes people to sin, and their sin causes them to die. Alternate translation: “the law which causes sin and death” or 2) the principle that people sin and die.
ROM 8 2 u82e τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 1 the law of sin and death Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the law, which provokes people to sin, and their sin causes them to die. Alternate translation: “the law which causes sin and death” or (2) the principle that people sin and die.
ROM 8 3 j98t figs-personification τὸ γὰρ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου, ἐν ᾧ ἠσθένει διὰ τῆς σαρκός, ὁ Θεὸς 1 For what the law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did Here the law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. Alternate translation: “For the law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 8 3 etf2 διὰ τῆς σαρκός 1 through the flesh “because of people’s sinful nature”
ROM 8 3 p4qq τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Υἱὸν πέμψας, ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας, κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν 1 He…sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh…an offering for sin…he condemned sin The Son of God forever satisfied God’s holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin.
@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ ROM 8 9 e54u ἐν Πνεύματι 1 in the Spirit “acting according to the
ROM 8 9 p55f Πνεύματι,…Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ…Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 1 Spirit…God’s Spirit…Spirit of Christ These all refer to the Holy Spirit.
ROM 8 9 bei3 εἴπερ 1 if it is true that This phrase does not mean Paul doubts that some of them have God’s Spirit. Paul wants them to realize that they all have God’s Spirit. Alternate translation: “since” or “because”
ROM 8 10 q8be figs-explicit εἰ…Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν 1 If Christ is in you How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 8 10 e6g9 figs-idiom τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν 1 the body is dead with respect to sin Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ROM 8 10 yb1b figs-idiom τὸ…Πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην 1 the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ROM 8 10 e6g9 figs-idiom τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν 1 the body is dead with respect to sin Possible meanings are (1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or (2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ROM 8 10 yb1b figs-idiom τὸ…Πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην 1 the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness Possible meanings are (1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or (2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ROM 8 11 jlc9 εἰ δὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐκ νεκρῶν οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν, ὁ ἐγείρας ἐκ νεκρῶν Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ζῳοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ σώματα ὑμῶν, διὰ τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος αὐτοῦ Πνεῦμα ἐν ὑμῖν. 1 If the Spirit…lives in you Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. Alternate translation: “Since the Spirit…lives in you”
ROM 8 11 b9pu τοῦ ἐγείραντος 1 of him who raised “of God, who raised”
ROM 8 11 jr6p figs-idiom ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 raised Jesus Here to raise is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “caused Jesus to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -600,8 +600,8 @@ ROM 8 36 g3pi figs-simile ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγ
ROM 8 37 iui3 ὑπερνικῶμεν 1 we are more than conquerors “we have complete victory”
ROM 8 37 wcm6 figs-explicit διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς 1 through the one who loved us You can make explicit the kind of love that Jesus showed. Alternate translation: “because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 8 38 fch1 πέπεισμαι 1 I have been convinced “I am convinced” or “I am confident”
ROM 8 38 js9q ἀρχαὶ 1 governments Possible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers.
ROM 8 38 q7ti οὔτε δυνάμεις 1 nor powers Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power.
ROM 8 38 js9q ἀρχαὶ 1 governments Possible meanings are (1) demons or (2) human kings and rulers.
ROM 8 38 q7ti οὔτε δυνάμεις 1 nor powers Possible meanings are (1) spiritual beings with power or (2) human beings with power.
ROM 9 intro w6f4 0 # Romans 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul changes what he is teaching about. In Chapters 9-11, he focuses on the nation of Israel.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 25-29 and 33 of this chapter. Paul quotes all of these words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br>Paul uses the word “flesh” in this chapter only to refer to Israelites, people physically descending from Abraham through Jacob, who God named Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>In other chapters, Paul uses the word “brother” to mean fellow Christians. However, in this chapter, he uses “my brothers” to mean his kinsmen the Israelites.<br><br>Paul refers to those who believe in Jesus as “children of God” and “children of the promise.”<br><br>### Predestination<br>Many scholars believe Paul in this chapter teaches extensively on a subject known as “predestination.” This is related to the biblical concept of “predestine.” Some take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Stone of stumbling<br>Paul explains that while some Gentiles accepted Jesus as their savior by believing in him, most Jews were trying to earn their salvation and so rejected Jesus. Paul, quoting the Old Testament, describes Jesus as a stone that the Jews stumble over when walking. This “stone of stumbling” causes them to “fall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel”<br>Paul uses the word “Israel” in this verse with two different meanings. The first “Israel” means the physical descendants of Abraham through Jacob. The second “Israel” means those who are God’s people through faith. The UST reflects this.<br>
ROM 9 1 b89f 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe.
ROM 9 1 yg93 figs-doublet ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι 1 I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ ROM 9 17 xu7s ἐξήγειρά…ἐνδείξωμαι…μου 1 I…my God i
ROM 9 17 nfv5 figs-you σε 1 you singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ROM 9 17 pz5x figs-idiom ἐξήγειρά σε 1 I raised you up “Raised” here is an idiom for “to cause something to be what it is.” Alternate translation: “I made you the powerful man that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ROM 9 17 gps5 figs-activepassive ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 so that my name might be proclaimed You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “that people might proclaim my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 9 17 jp6i figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 my name This metonym refers either 1) to God in all of his being. Alternate translation: “who I am” or 2) To his reputation. Alternate translation: “how great I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ROM 9 17 jp6i figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 my name This metonym refers either (1) to God in all of his being. Alternate translation: “who I am” or (2) To his reputation. Alternate translation: “how great I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ROM 9 17 jn7u figs-hyperbole ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ 1 in all the earth “wherever there are people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ROM 9 18 a1uv ὃν δὲ θέλει, σκληρύνει 1 whom he wishes, he makes stubborn God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn.
ROM 9 19 z4j2 figs-you ἐρεῖς μοι οὖν 1 You will say then to me Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ ROM 10 4 x1w8 τέλος γὰρ νόμου Χριστὸς 1 For Christ is the
ROM 10 4 f6pu figs-explicit εἰς δικαιοσύνην παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι 1 for righteousness for everyone who believes Here “believes” means “trusts.” Alternate translation: “in order that he may make everyone who trusts in him right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 10 5 qby2 figs-personification τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐκ νόμου 1 the righteousness that comes from the law Paul speaks of “righteousness” as if it were alive and able to move. Alternate translation: “how the law makes a person right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 10 5 wjn6 figs-explicit ὅτι ὁ ποιήσας αὐτὰ ἄνθρωπος, ζήσεται ἐν αὐτῇ 1 The man who does the righteousness of the law will live by this righteousness In order to be made right with God through the law, a person would have to keep the law perfectly, which is not possible. Alternate translation: “The person who perfectly obeys the law will live because the law will make him right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 10 5 qkz4 ζήσεται 1 will live The words “will live” can refer to 1) eternal life or 2) mortal life in fellowship with God.
ROM 10 5 qkz4 ζήσεται 1 will live The words “will live” can refer to (1) eternal life or (2) mortal life in fellowship with God.
ROM 10 6 sr9z figs-personification ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὕτως λέγει 1 But the righteousness that comes from faith says this Here “righteousness” is described as a person who can speak. Alternate translation: “But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ROM 10 6 x7h4 figs-you μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου 1 Do not say in your heart Moses was addressing the people as if he were speaking to only one person. Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or inner being. Alternate translation: “Do not say to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ROM 10 6 tf9r figs-rquestion τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 1 Who will ascend into heaven? Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, “Do not say” requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one is able to go up to heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -843,10 +843,10 @@ ROM 12 intro aky9 0 # Romans 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
ROM 12 1 rhs3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve.
ROM 12 1 d2y3 figs-explicit παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God Here “brothers” refers to fellow believers, both male and female. Alternate translation: “Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 12 1 w1mz figs-synecdoche παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν 1 to present your bodies a living sacrifice Here Paul uses the word “bodies” to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. Alternate translation: “to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 1 dwr5 figs-doublet ἁγίαν, εὐάρεστον, τῷ Θεῷ 1 holy, acceptable to God Possible meanings are 1) “a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him” or 2) “acceptable to God because it is morally pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ROM 12 1 dwr5 figs-doublet ἁγίαν, εὐάρεστον, τῷ Θεῷ 1 holy, acceptable to God Possible meanings are (1) “a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him” or (2) “acceptable to God because it is morally pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ROM 12 1 tyk7 τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν 1 This is your reasonable service “This is the right way to worship God”
ROM 12 2 clc6 figs-metaphor μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 Do not be conformed to this world Possible meanings are 1) “Do not behave as the world behaves” or 2) “Do not think the way the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 2 pyb6 figs-activepassive μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 Do not be conformed Possible meanings are 1) “Do not let the world tell you what to do and think” or 2) “Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 2 clc6 figs-metaphor μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 Do not be conformed to this world Possible meanings are (1) “Do not behave as the world behaves” or (2) “Do not think the way the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 2 pyb6 figs-activepassive μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 Do not be conformed Possible meanings are (1) “Do not let the world tell you what to do and think” or (2) “Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 2 d2qq figs-metonymy τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 this world This refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ROM 12 2 na8p figs-activepassive ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός 1 but be transformed by the renewal of your mind You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “but let God change the way you think and behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 3 nyc2 figs-explicit διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι 1 because of the grace that was given to me Here “grace” refers to God’s choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. You can make this explicit in your translation. You can also translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “because God freely chose me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ ROM 12 4 v2pi figs-metaphor ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, πολλὰ μέλη
ROM 12 4 v5iy μέλη 1 members These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands.
ROM 12 5 dhx8 figs-metaphor τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 are individually members of each other Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has joined each believer together with all other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 6 hrr1 figs-metaphor ἔχοντες δὲ χαρίσματα κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα 1 We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us Paul speaks of believers’ different abilities as being free gifts from God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 6 bnk9 κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως 1 let it be done according to the proportion of his faith Possible meanings are 1) “let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us” or 2) “let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith.”
ROM 12 6 bnk9 κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως 1 let it be done according to the proportion of his faith Possible meanings are (1) “let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us” or (2) “let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith.”
ROM 12 8 m2as figs-explicit ὁ μεταδιδοὺς 1 giving Here “giving” refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: “If one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 12 9 iv5h figs-activepassive ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος 1 Let love be without hypocrisy You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must love people sincerely and truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 9 eaw7 ἡ ἀγάπη 1 love The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ ROM 12 19 l2i8 figs-parallelism ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀντ
ROM 12 20 c4ig figs-you ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν;…πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν,…σωρεύσεις 1 your enemy…feed him…give him a drink…if you do this, you will heap All forms of “you” and “your” are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ROM 12 20 q7dq ἀλλὰ ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. 1 But if your enemy is hungry…his head In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. Alternate translation: “But the Scripture also says, ‘If your enemy is hungry…his head’”
ROM 12 20 e49j ψώμιζε αὐτόν 1 feed him “give him some food”
ROM 12 20 wce6 figs-metaphor ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 You will heap coals of fire on his head Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) “make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you” or 2) “give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 20 wce6 figs-metaphor ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 You will heap coals of fire on his head Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are (1) “make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you” or (2) “give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 21 q761 figs-personification μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν 1 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good Paul describes “evil” as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 21 p7fd figs-you μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα…τὸ κακόν 1 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ROM 13 intro l4q7 0 # Romans 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In the first part of this chapter, Paul teaches Christians to obey rulers who govern them. At that time, ungodly Roman rulers governed the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ungodly rulers<br>When Paul teaches about obeying rulers, some readers will find this difficult to understand, especially in places where rulers persecute the church. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God, unless the rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do. There are times when a believer must submit to these rulers and suffer at their hands. Christians understand that this world is temporary and they will ultimately be with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. “Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ ROM 16 5 bn9z translate-names Ἐπαίνετον 1 Epaenetus This is the name o
ROM 16 5 d1f1 figs-metaphor ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς Χριστόν 1 firstfruit of Asia to Christ Paul speaks of Epaenetus as if he were a fruit that he harvested. Alternate translation: “first person in Asia to believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 16 6 ew2z translate-names Μαρίαν 1 Mary This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ROM 16 7 tzk4 translate-names Ἀνδρόνικον 1 Andronicus This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ROM 16 7 z9uk translate-names Ἰουνίαν 1 Junias This could be either 1) Junia, a woman’s name, or, much less likely, 2) Junias, a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ROM 16 7 z9uk translate-names Ἰουνίαν 1 Junias This could be either (1) Junia, a woman’s name, or, much less likely, (2) Junias, a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ROM 16 7 gce3 figs-activepassive οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις 1 They are prominent among the apostles You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “The apostles know them very well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 16 8 h976 translate-names Ἀμπλιᾶτον 1 Ampliatus This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ROM 16 8 alh2 τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 my beloved in the Lord “my dear friend and fellow believer”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
133 ROM 2 9 ck9i figs-synecdoche ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου 1 on every human soul Here, Paul uses the word “soul” as a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “upon every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
134 ROM 2 9 n7q4 τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν 1 has practiced evil “has continually done evil things”
135 ROM 2 9 a9s5 Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνος 1 to the Jew first, and also to the Greek “God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people”
136 ROM 2 9 n5ev πρῶτον 1 first Possible meanings are 1) “first in order of time” or 2) “most certainly” Possible meanings are (1) “first in order of time” or (2) “most certainly”
137 ROM 2 10 vt1f δόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ 1 But praise, honor, and peace will come to everyone “But God will give praise, honor, and peace”
138 ROM 2 10 i9tg τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 practices good “continually does what is good”
139 ROM 2 10 zg3s Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι 1 to the Jew first, and also to the Greek “God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people”
168 ROM 2 21 hl38 figs-rquestion ὁ κηρύσσων μὴ κλέπτειν, κλέπτεις 1 You who preach against stealing, do you steal? Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “You tell people not to steal, but you steal!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
169 ROM 2 22 vb45 figs-rquestion ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν, μοιχεύεις 1 You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
170 ROM 2 22 qn68 figs-rquestion ὁ βδελυσσόμενος τὰ εἴδωλα, ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 You who hate idols, do you rob temples? Paul is using a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
171 ROM 2 22 mv4d ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 Do you rob temples Possible meanings are 1) “steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit” or 2) “do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God.” Possible meanings are (1) “steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit” or (2) “do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God.”
172 ROM 2 23 grr3 figs-rquestion ὃς ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου, τὸν Θεὸν ἀτιμάζεις 1 You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? Paul uses a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
173 ROM 2 24 q13d figs-activepassive τὸ…ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ…βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “many Gentiles blaspheme the name of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
174 ROM 2 24 xq7q figs-metonymy ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 name of God The word “name” is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
192 ROM 3 1 v788 0 Connecting Statement: Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law.
193 ROM 3 1 gcd6 figs-explicit τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου, ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλια τῆς περιτομῆς 1 Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision? Paul presents ideas that people might have after they hear what he wrote in chapter 2. He does this in order to respond to them in verse 2. Alternate translation: “Some people might say, ‘Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision?’” or “Some people might say, ‘If that is true, then the Jews do not have any advantage, and there is no benefit in being circumcised.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
194 ROM 3 2 rri9 figs-explicit πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον 1 It is great in every way Paul now responds to the concerns brought up in verse 1. Here “It” refers to being a member of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “But there is great advantage to being a Jew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
195 ROM 3 2 q2dh πρῶτον μὲν 1 First of all Possible meanings are 1) “First in order of time” or 2) “Most certainly” or 3) “Most importantly.” Possible meanings are (1) “First in order of time” or (2) “Most certainly” or (3) “Most importantly.”
196 ROM 3 2 r62g figs-explicit ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 they were entrusted with revelation from God Here “revelation” refers to God’s words and promises. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God gave his words that contain his promises to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
197 ROM 3 3 d9k3 figs-rquestion τί γάρ εἰ ἠπίστησάν τινες? μὴ ἡ ἀπιστία αὐτῶν, τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταργήσει 1 For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief abolish God’s faithfulness? Paul uses these questions to make people think. Alternate translation: “Some Jews have not been faithful to God. Should we conclude from this that God will not fulfill his promise?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
198 ROM 3 4 z465 μὴ γένοιτο 1 May it never be This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have an expression in your language that you could use here. “That is not possible!” or “Certainly not!”
237 ROM 3 19 cu9x figs-synecdoche ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ 1 in order that every mouth may be shut Here “mouth” is a synecdoche that means the words people speak. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
238 ROM 3 19 w12y figs-synecdoche ὑπόδικος γένηται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ 1 the whole world held accountable to God Here “world” is a synecdoche that represents all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “that God can declare everyone in the world guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
239 ROM 3 20 xs9x σὰρξ 1 flesh Here “flesh” refers to all human beings.
240 ROM 3 20 gaa3 γὰρ 1 For Possible meanings are 1) “Therefore” or 2) “This is because” Possible meanings are (1) “Therefore” or (2) “This is because”
241 ROM 3 20 wtp4 διὰ…νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας 1 through the law comes the knowledge of sin “when someone knows God’s law, he realizes that he has sinned”
242 ROM 3 21 fqz4 0 Connecting Statement: The word “but” here shows Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point.
243 ROM 3 21 y3te νυνὶ 1 now The word “now” refers to the time since Jesus came to the earth.
249 ROM 3 24 xcu6 figs-explicit δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι, διὰ τῆς ἀπολυτρώσεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 they are freely justified by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus Here “justified” refers to being made right with God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God makes them right with himself as a free gift, because Christ Jesus sets them free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
250 ROM 3 24 bcc2 δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν 1 they are freely justified This means that they are justified without having to earn or merit being justified. God freely justifies them. Alternate translation: “they are made right with God without earning it”
251 ROM 3 25 m159 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι 1 in his blood This is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. Alternate translation: “in his death as a sacrifice for sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
252 ROM 3 25 ieq9 πάρεσιν 1 disregard Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving. Possible meanings are (1) ignoring or (2) forgiving.
253 ROM 3 26 lm1r πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ 1 This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time “He did this to show how God makes people right with himself”
254 ROM 3 26 cg55 εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ 1 so that he could be just, and justify the one who has faith in Jesus “By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus”
255 ROM 3 27 fjm4 figs-rquestion ποῦ οὖν ἡ καύχησις? ἐξεκλείσθη 1 Where then is boasting? It is excluded Paul asks this question to show that there is no reason for people to boast about obeying the law. Alternate translation: “So there is no way that we can boast that God favors us because we obeyed those laws. Boasting is excluded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
466 ROM 7 8 mz77 figs-personification ἀφορμὴν δὲ λαβοῦσα ἡ ἁμαρτία διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς, κατειργάσατο ἐν ἐμοὶ πᾶσαν ἐπιθυμίαν; 1 But sin took the opportunity…brought about every lust Paul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
467 ROM 7 8 nj21 ἐπιθυμίαν 1 lust This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire.
468 ROM 7 8 r5i2 χωρὶς…νόμου, ἁμαρτία νεκρά 1 without the law, sin is dead “if there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin”
469 ROM 7 9 q9le figs-personification ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀνέζησεν 1 sin regained life This can mean 1) “I realized that I was sinning” or 2) “I strongly desired to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) This can mean (1) “I realized that I was sinning” or (2) “I strongly desired to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
470 ROM 7 10 yu1u figs-metaphor εὑρέθη μοι ἡ ἐντολὴ, ἡ εἰς ζωὴν, αὕτη εἰς θάνατον. 1 The commandment that was to bring life turned out to be death for me Paul speaks of God’s condemnation as if it resulted primarily in physical death. Alternate translation: “God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
471 ROM 7 11 r582 figs-personification ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία ἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς, ἐξηπάτησέν με καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς ἀπέκτεινεν 1 For sin took the opportunity through the commandment and deceived me. Through the commandment it killed me As in [Romans 7:7-8](./07.md), Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. Alternate translation: “Because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
472 ROM 7 11 qi99 ἡ…ἁμαρτία 1 sin “my desire to sin”
511 ROM 8 1 i12t ἄρα 1 therefore “for that reason” or “because what I have just told you is true”
512 ROM 8 2 x8uu figs-explicit ὁ…νόμος τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus This refers to God’s Spirit. Alternate translation: “God’s Spirit in Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
513 ROM 8 2 th4n figs-metaphor ἠλευθέρωσέν σε ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 1 has set you free from the law of sin and death Being free from the law of sin and death is a metaphor for not being controlled by the law of sin and death. Alternate translation: “has caused the law of sin and death to no longer control you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514 ROM 8 2 u82e τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 1 the law of sin and death Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the law, which provokes people to sin, and their sin causes them to die. Alternate translation: “the law which causes sin and death” or 2) the principle that people sin and die. Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the law, which provokes people to sin, and their sin causes them to die. Alternate translation: “the law which causes sin and death” or (2) the principle that people sin and die.
515 ROM 8 3 j98t figs-personification τὸ γὰρ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου, ἐν ᾧ ἠσθένει διὰ τῆς σαρκός, ὁ Θεὸς 1 For what the law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did Here the law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. Alternate translation: “For the law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
516 ROM 8 3 etf2 διὰ τῆς σαρκός 1 through the flesh “because of people’s sinful nature”
517 ROM 8 3 p4qq τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Υἱὸν πέμψας, ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας, κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν 1 He…sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh…an offering for sin…he condemned sin The Son of God forever satisfied God’s holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin.
531 ROM 8 9 p55f Πνεύματι,…Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ…Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 1 Spirit…God’s Spirit…Spirit of Christ These all refer to the Holy Spirit.
532 ROM 8 9 bei3 εἴπερ 1 if it is true that This phrase does not mean Paul doubts that some of them have God’s Spirit. Paul wants them to realize that they all have God’s Spirit. Alternate translation: “since” or “because”
533 ROM 8 10 q8be figs-explicit εἰ…Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν 1 If Christ is in you How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
534 ROM 8 10 e6g9 figs-idiom τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν 1 the body is dead with respect to sin Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or (2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
535 ROM 8 10 yb1b figs-idiom τὸ…Πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην 1 the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings are (1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or (2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
536 ROM 8 11 jlc9 εἰ δὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐκ νεκρῶν οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν, ὁ ἐγείρας ἐκ νεκρῶν Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ζῳοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ σώματα ὑμῶν, διὰ τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος αὐτοῦ Πνεῦμα ἐν ὑμῖν. 1 If the Spirit…lives in you Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. Alternate translation: “Since the Spirit…lives in you”
537 ROM 8 11 b9pu τοῦ ἐγείραντος 1 of him who raised “of God, who raised”
538 ROM 8 11 jr6p figs-idiom ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 raised Jesus Here to raise is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “caused Jesus to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
600 ROM 8 37 iui3 ὑπερνικῶμεν 1 we are more than conquerors “we have complete victory”
601 ROM 8 37 wcm6 figs-explicit διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς 1 through the one who loved us You can make explicit the kind of love that Jesus showed. Alternate translation: “because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
602 ROM 8 38 fch1 πέπεισμαι 1 I have been convinced “I am convinced” or “I am confident”
603 ROM 8 38 js9q ἀρχαὶ 1 governments Possible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers. Possible meanings are (1) demons or (2) human kings and rulers.
604 ROM 8 38 q7ti οὔτε δυνάμεις 1 nor powers Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power. Possible meanings are (1) spiritual beings with power or (2) human beings with power.
605 ROM 9 intro w6f4 0 # Romans 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul changes what he is teaching about. In Chapters 9-11, he focuses on the nation of Israel.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 25-29 and 33 of this chapter. Paul quotes all of these words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br>Paul uses the word “flesh” in this chapter only to refer to Israelites, people physically descending from Abraham through Jacob, who God named Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>In other chapters, Paul uses the word “brother” to mean fellow Christians. However, in this chapter, he uses “my brothers” to mean his kinsmen the Israelites.<br><br>Paul refers to those who believe in Jesus as “children of God” and “children of the promise.”<br><br>### Predestination<br>Many scholars believe Paul in this chapter teaches extensively on a subject known as “predestination.” This is related to the biblical concept of “predestine.” Some take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Stone of stumbling<br>Paul explains that while some Gentiles accepted Jesus as their savior by believing in him, most Jews were trying to earn their salvation and so rejected Jesus. Paul, quoting the Old Testament, describes Jesus as a stone that the Jews stumble over when walking. This “stone of stumbling” causes them to “fall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel”<br>Paul uses the word “Israel” in this verse with two different meanings. The first “Israel” means the physical descendants of Abraham through Jacob. The second “Israel” means those who are God’s people through faith. The UST reflects this.<br>
606 ROM 9 1 b89f 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe.
607 ROM 9 1 yg93 figs-doublet ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι 1 I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
641 ROM 9 17 nfv5 figs-you σε 1 you singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
642 ROM 9 17 pz5x figs-idiom ἐξήγειρά σε 1 I raised you up “Raised” here is an idiom for “to cause something to be what it is.” Alternate translation: “I made you the powerful man that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
643 ROM 9 17 gps5 figs-activepassive ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 so that my name might be proclaimed You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “that people might proclaim my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
644 ROM 9 17 jp6i figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 my name This metonym refers either 1) to God in all of his being. Alternate translation: “who I am” or 2) To his reputation. Alternate translation: “how great I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This metonym refers either (1) to God in all of his being. Alternate translation: “who I am” or (2) To his reputation. Alternate translation: “how great I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645 ROM 9 17 jn7u figs-hyperbole ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ 1 in all the earth “wherever there are people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
646 ROM 9 18 a1uv ὃν δὲ θέλει, σκληρύνει 1 whom he wishes, he makes stubborn God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn.
647 ROM 9 19 z4j2 figs-you ἐρεῖς μοι οὖν 1 You will say then to me Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
693 ROM 10 4 f6pu figs-explicit εἰς δικαιοσύνην παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι 1 for righteousness for everyone who believes Here “believes” means “trusts.” Alternate translation: “in order that he may make everyone who trusts in him right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
694 ROM 10 5 qby2 figs-personification τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐκ νόμου 1 the righteousness that comes from the law Paul speaks of “righteousness” as if it were alive and able to move. Alternate translation: “how the law makes a person right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
695 ROM 10 5 wjn6 figs-explicit ὅτι ὁ ποιήσας αὐτὰ ἄνθρωπος, ζήσεται ἐν αὐτῇ 1 The man who does the righteousness of the law will live by this righteousness In order to be made right with God through the law, a person would have to keep the law perfectly, which is not possible. Alternate translation: “The person who perfectly obeys the law will live because the law will make him right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
696 ROM 10 5 qkz4 ζήσεται 1 will live The words “will live” can refer to 1) eternal life or 2) mortal life in fellowship with God. The words “will live” can refer to (1) eternal life or (2) mortal life in fellowship with God.
697 ROM 10 6 sr9z figs-personification ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὕτως λέγει 1 But the righteousness that comes from faith says this Here “righteousness” is described as a person who can speak. Alternate translation: “But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
698 ROM 10 6 x7h4 figs-you μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου 1 Do not say in your heart Moses was addressing the people as if he were speaking to only one person. Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or inner being. Alternate translation: “Do not say to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
699 ROM 10 6 tf9r figs-rquestion τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 1 Who will ascend into heaven? Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, “Do not say” requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one is able to go up to heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
843 ROM 12 1 rhs3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve.
844 ROM 12 1 d2y3 figs-explicit παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God Here “brothers” refers to fellow believers, both male and female. Alternate translation: “Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
845 ROM 12 1 w1mz figs-synecdoche παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν 1 to present your bodies a living sacrifice Here Paul uses the word “bodies” to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. Alternate translation: “to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
846 ROM 12 1 dwr5 figs-doublet ἁγίαν, εὐάρεστον, τῷ Θεῷ 1 holy, acceptable to God Possible meanings are 1) “a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him” or 2) “acceptable to God because it is morally pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Possible meanings are (1) “a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him” or (2) “acceptable to God because it is morally pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
847 ROM 12 1 tyk7 τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν 1 This is your reasonable service “This is the right way to worship God”
848 ROM 12 2 clc6 figs-metaphor μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 Do not be conformed to this world Possible meanings are 1) “Do not behave as the world behaves” or 2) “Do not think the way the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Do not behave as the world behaves” or (2) “Do not think the way the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
849 ROM 12 2 pyb6 figs-activepassive μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 Do not be conformed Possible meanings are 1) “Do not let the world tell you what to do and think” or 2) “Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Do not let the world tell you what to do and think” or (2) “Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
850 ROM 12 2 d2qq figs-metonymy τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 this world This refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
851 ROM 12 2 na8p figs-activepassive ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός 1 but be transformed by the renewal of your mind You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “but let God change the way you think and behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
852 ROM 12 3 nyc2 figs-explicit διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι 1 because of the grace that was given to me Here “grace” refers to God’s choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. You can make this explicit in your translation. You can also translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “because God freely chose me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
858 ROM 12 4 v5iy μέλη 1 members These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands.
859 ROM 12 5 dhx8 figs-metaphor τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 are individually members of each other Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has joined each believer together with all other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
860 ROM 12 6 hrr1 figs-metaphor ἔχοντες δὲ χαρίσματα κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα 1 We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us Paul speaks of believers’ different abilities as being free gifts from God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
861 ROM 12 6 bnk9 κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως 1 let it be done according to the proportion of his faith Possible meanings are 1) “let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us” or 2) “let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith.” Possible meanings are (1) “let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us” or (2) “let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith.”
862 ROM 12 8 m2as figs-explicit ὁ μεταδιδοὺς 1 giving Here “giving” refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: “If one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
863 ROM 12 9 iv5h figs-activepassive ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος 1 Let love be without hypocrisy You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must love people sincerely and truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
864 ROM 12 9 eaw7 ἡ ἀγάπη 1 love The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
884 ROM 12 20 c4ig figs-you ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν;…πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν,…σωρεύσεις 1 your enemy…feed him…give him a drink…if you do this, you will heap All forms of “you” and “your” are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
885 ROM 12 20 q7dq ἀλλὰ ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. 1 But if your enemy is hungry…his head In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. Alternate translation: “But the Scripture also says, ‘If your enemy is hungry…his head’”
886 ROM 12 20 e49j ψώμιζε αὐτόν 1 feed him “give him some food”
887 ROM 12 20 wce6 figs-metaphor ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 You will heap coals of fire on his head Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) “make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you” or 2) “give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are (1) “make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you” or (2) “give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
888 ROM 12 21 q761 figs-personification μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν 1 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good Paul describes “evil” as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
889 ROM 12 21 p7fd figs-you μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα…τὸ κακόν 1 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
890 ROM 13 intro l4q7 0 # Romans 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In the first part of this chapter, Paul teaches Christians to obey rulers who govern them. At that time, ungodly Roman rulers governed the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ungodly rulers<br>When Paul teaches about obeying rulers, some readers will find this difficult to understand, especially in places where rulers persecute the church. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God, unless the rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do. There are times when a believer must submit to these rulers and suffer at their hands. Christians understand that this world is temporary and they will ultimately be with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. “Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1067 ROM 16 5 d1f1 figs-metaphor ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς Χριστόν 1 firstfruit of Asia to Christ Paul speaks of Epaenetus as if he were a fruit that he harvested. Alternate translation: “first person in Asia to believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1068 ROM 16 6 ew2z translate-names Μαρίαν 1 Mary This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1069 ROM 16 7 tzk4 translate-names Ἀνδρόνικον 1 Andronicus This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1070 ROM 16 7 z9uk translate-names Ἰουνίαν 1 Junias This could be either 1) Junia, a woman’s name, or, much less likely, 2) Junias, a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) This could be either (1) Junia, a woman’s name, or, much less likely, (2) Junias, a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1071 ROM 16 7 gce3 figs-activepassive οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις 1 They are prominent among the apostles You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “The apostles know them very well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1072 ROM 16 8 h976 translate-names Ἀμπλιᾶτον 1 Ampliatus This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1073 ROM 16 8 alh2 τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 my beloved in the Lord “my dear friend and fellow believer”

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@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 1 3 gc2c figs-you 0 General Information: Unless otherwise noted, such words as “you” and “your” refer to Paul’s audience and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 1 4 pt1r 0 Connecting Statement: Paul describes the believer’s position and fellowship in Christ as they wait for his coming.
1CO 1 4 t16d figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ δοθείσῃ ὑμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of grace as though it were a physical object that Jesus gives Christians as a gift. Alternate translation: “because Christ Jesus has made it possible for God to be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 1 5 js7f ἐπλουτίσθητε ἐν αὐτῷ 1 you have been made rich in him Possible meanings are 1) “Christ has made you rich” or 2) “God has made you rich.”
1CO 1 5 js7f ἐπλουτίσθητε ἐν αὐτῷ 1 you have been made rich in him Possible meanings are (1) “Christ has made you rich” or (2) “God has made you rich.”
1CO 1 5 jw1s figs-hyperbole ἐν παντὶ ἐπλουτίσθητε 1 in everything you have been made rich Paul is speaking in general terms. Alternate translation: “made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO 1 5 j48t ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ 1 in all speech God has enabled you to tell others about God’s message in many ways.
1CO 1 5 qy8c πάσῃ γνώσει 1 all knowledge God has enabled you to understand God’s message in many ways.
1CO 1 6 h9zk τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν 1 the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you Possible meanings are 1) “you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true” or 2) “other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true.”
1CO 1 6 h9zk τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν 1 the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you Possible meanings are (1) “you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true” or (2) “other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true.”
1CO 1 7 t2hd ὥστε 1 Therefore “Because what I have just said is true”
1CO 1 7 p5y6 figs-litotes ὑμᾶς μὴ ὑστερεῖσθαι ἐν μηδενὶ χαρίσματι 1 you lack no spiritual gift This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have every spiritual gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1CO 1 7 fe4q τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) “the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ” or 2) “the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.”
1CO 1 7 fe4q τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are (1) “the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) “the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.”
1CO 1 8 pif5 ἀνεγκλήτους 1 you will be blameless There will be no reason for God to condemn you.
1CO 1 9 u6w6 πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς 1 God is faithful “God will do everything he has said he will do”
1CO 1 9 kx3z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 his Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 1 20 rkf9 γραμματεύς 1 the scholar a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal
1CO 1 20 u5j5 συνζητητὴς 1 the debater a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments
1CO 1 20 a7zl figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ἐμώρανεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου? 1 Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness? Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. Alternate translation: “God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 1 21 d7xw τοὺς πιστεύοντας 1 those who believe Possible meanings are 1) “all who believe the message” or 2) “all who believe in Christ.”
1CO 1 21 d7xw τοὺς πιστεύοντας 1 those who believe Possible meanings are (1) “all who believe the message” or (2) “all who believe in Christ.”
1CO 1 22 v9fa figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO 1 23 ntu3 figs-activepassive Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον 1 Christ crucified “about Christ, who died on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 1 23 krw3 figs-metaphor σκάνδαλον 1 a stumbling block Just as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. Alternate translation: “not acceptable” or “very offensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 1 24 h7iw αὐτοῖς…τοῖς κλητοῖς 1 to those whom God has called “to the people God calls”
1CO 1 24 hu1s Χριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν 1 Christ as the power and the wisdom of God Possible meanings are 1) “God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us” or “through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is.”
1CO 1 24 hu1s Χριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν 1 Christ as the power and the wisdom of God Possible meanings are (1) “God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us” or (2) “through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is.”
1CO 1 24 w9vm Θεοῦ δύναμιν 1 the power…of God Another possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us.
1CO 1 24 p1hu Θεοῦ σοφίαν 1 the wisdom of God Another possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ.
1CO 1 25 h9hh figs-irony τὸ μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἰσχυρότερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking ironically about God’s foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people’s wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people’s strength” or 2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call God’s foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God’s weakness is really stronger than people’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 1 25 h9hh figs-irony τὸ μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἰσχυρότερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people Possible meanings are (1) Paul is speaking ironically about God’s foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people’s wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people’s strength” or (2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call God’s foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God’s weakness is really stronger than people’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 1 26 ps3r 0 Connecting Statement: Paul emphasizes the believer’s position before God.
1CO 1 26 w6l1 οὐ πολλοὶ 1 Not many of you This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Very few of you”
1CO 1 26 pws2 σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα 1 wise according to the flesh “what most people would call wise”
@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 1 28 f11p figs-activepassive τὰ μὴ ὄντα 1 things that are held as valuable This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “things that people think are worth money” or “things that people think are worth respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 1 30 fmr3 ἐξ αὐτοῦ 1 because of him This refers to the work of Christ on the cross.
1CO 1 30 a7bs figs-inclusive ἡμῖν 1 us These words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO 1 30 f1at figs-metonymy Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from God Possible meanings are 1) “Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is” or 2) “Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 1 30 f1at figs-metonymy Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from God Possible meanings are (1) “Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is” or (2) “Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 1 31 fym9 ὁ καυχώμενος, ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω 1 Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord “If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is”
1CO 2 intro k86p 0 # 1 Corinthians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter that contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple and human ideas foolish. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Paul uses the phrase “hidden wisdom” when he refers to previously unknown truths. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br>
1CO 2 1 kjc7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God.
1CO 2 1 qvj7 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO 2 2 a2g9 figs-hyperbole ἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι…εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν 1 I decided to know nothing…except Jesus Christ When Paul said that he “decided to know nothing” he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “I decided to teach nothing…except Jesus Christ” or “I decided not to teach anything…except Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO 2 3 s9lp κἀγὼ…ἐγενόμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 I was with you “I was visiting with you”
1CO 2 3 e8li ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ 1 in weakness Possible meanings are: 1) “physically weak” or 2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
1CO 2 3 e8li ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ 1 in weakness Possible meanings are: (1) “physically weak” or (2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
1CO 2 4 z81a πειθοῖς σοφίας λόγοις 1 persuasive words of wisdom words that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something
1CO 2 6 sg76 0 General Information: Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by “wisdom” and to whom he desires to speak.
1CO 2 6 azm7 δὲ λαλοῦμεν 1 Now we do speak The word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is God’s wisdom.
@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 3 7 dl3z οὔτε ὁ φυτεύων ἐστίν τι…ἀλλ’ ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός 1 neither he who plants is anything…but God is the one who causes the growth Paul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers’ spiritual growth, but it is God’s doing.
1CO 3 7 c68g figs-abstractnouns ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός 1 but God is the one who causes the growth Here to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun “growth” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “it is God who causes you to grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO 3 8 s16b figs-metaphor ὁ φυτεύων…καὶ ὁ ποτίζων, ἕν εἰσιν 1 he who plants and he who waters are one Paul speaks of telling people the good news and teaching those who have accepted it as if they were planting and watering plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 8 za43 ἕν εἰσιν 1 are one Possible meanings are “one” are 1) “united in purpose” or 2) “equal in importance.”
1CO 3 8 za43 ἕν εἰσιν 1 are one Possible meanings are “one” are (1) “united in purpose” or (2) “equal in importance.”
1CO 3 8 zd36 μισθὸν 1 wages an amount of money that a worker receives for his work
1CO 3 9 gj26 figs-exclusive ἐσμεν 1 we are brutally beaten This refers to Paul and Apollos but not the Corinthian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO 3 9 r9sn Θεοῦ…συνεργοί 1 God’s fellow workers Paul considers himself and Apollos as working together.
1CO 3 9 lqg1 figs-metaphor Θεοῦ γεώργιον 1 God’s garden Possible meanings are 1) being God’s garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” or 2) being God’s garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 9 l2fq figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκοδομή 1 God’s building Possible meanings are 1) being God’s building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” or 2) being God’s building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 9 lqg1 figs-metaphor Θεοῦ γεώργιον 1 God’s garden Possible meanings are (1) being God’s garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” or (2) being God’s garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 9 l2fq figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκοδομή 1 God’s building Possible meanings are (1) being God’s building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” or (2) being God’s building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 10 iln9 figs-activepassive κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι 1 According to the grace of God that was given to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “According to the task that God freely gave me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 3 10 a69q figs-metaphor θεμέλιον ἔθηκα 1 I laid a foundation Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 10 pwi7 figs-metaphor ἄλλος…ἐποικοδομεῖ 1 another is building on it Paul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 4 9 bb41 figs-parallelism ὁ Θεὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν 1 God has put us apostles on display Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO 4 9 vfq3 figs-metaphor ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν 1 has put us apostles on display God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 4 9 cs4r figs-metaphor ὡς ἐπιθανατίους 1 like men sentenced to death God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 4 9 cqh4 figs-merism τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις 1 to the world—to angels, and to human beings Possible meanings are 1) “the world” consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”) or 2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1CO 4 9 cqh4 figs-merism τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις 1 to the world—to angels, and to human beings Possible meanings are (1) “the world” consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”) or (2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1CO 4 10 fkw2 figs-irony ἡμεῖς μωροὶ…ἄτιμοι 1 We are fools…in dishonor Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 4 10 wqh7 ὑμεῖς ἔνδοξοι 1 You are held in honor “People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people”
1CO 4 10 z22c ἡμεῖς…ἄτιμοι 1 we are held in dishonor “people shame us apostles”
@ -207,11 +207,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 5 2 zk7g figs-rquestion οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε 1 Should you not mourn instead? This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should mourn over this instead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 5 2 rr93 figs-activepassive ἵνα ἀρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ, τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ποιήσας 1 The one who did this must be removed from among you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must remove the one who did this from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 5 3 xm4e παρὼν…τῷ πνεύματι 1 I am present in spirit “I am with you in spirit.” Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. Alternate translation: “I care about you” or “I want to be with you”
1CO 5 3 ax3u ἤδη κέκρικα…τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον 1 I have already passed judgment on the one who did this Possible meanings are 1) “I have decided what you should do with the one who did this” or 2) “I have found the person who did this guilty”
1CO 5 3 ax3u ἤδη κέκρικα…τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον 1 I have already passed judgment on the one who did this Possible meanings are (1) “I have decided what you should do with the one who did this” or (2) “I have found the person who did this guilty”
1CO 5 4 m9yz συναχθέντων ὑμῶν 1 When you are assembled “When you are together” or “When you meet together”
1CO 5 4 t83d figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Possible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” or 2) being assembled in the Lord’s name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 5 4 t83d figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Possible meanings are (1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” or (2) being assembled in the Lord’s name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 5 5 xcf6 figs-metaphor παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ 1 hand this man over to Satan Handing the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. Alternate translation: “make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 5 5 nq4y figs-metaphor εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός 1 for the destruction of the flesh Possible meanings are 1) “flesh” refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” or 2) “flesh” is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 5 5 nq4y figs-metaphor εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός 1 for the destruction of the flesh Possible meanings are (1) “flesh” refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” or (2) “flesh” is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 5 5 z2cl figs-activepassive ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου 1 so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the Lord This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 5 6 h2hk οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν 1 Your boasting is not good “Your boasting is bad”
1CO 5 6 ng4m figs-metaphor οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη, ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ? 1 Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf? Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 6 3 us55 figs-rquestion οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν 1 Do you not know that we will judge the angels? Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. Alternate translation: “You know that we will judge the angels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 3 v5r5 figs-inclusive κρινοῦμεν 1 we will judge Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO 6 3 x6h3 figs-rquestion μήτι γε βιωτικά? 1 How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life? Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 4 vw5t figs-rquestion βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question or 2) this is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers” or 3) this is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 4 vw5t figs-rquestion βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question or (2) this is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers” or (3) this is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 4 xn32 βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life “If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life” or “If you must settle matters that are important in this life”
1CO 6 4 e791 figs-rquestion τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) “you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church.” or 2) “you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 4 e791 figs-rquestion τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that (1) “you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church.” or (2) “you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 5 b2vy πρὸς ἐντροπὴν ὑμῖν 1 to your shame “to your dishonor” or “to show how you have failed in this matter”
1CO 6 5 fue4 figs-rquestion οὕτως οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς σοφὸς, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ? 1 Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers? Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 5 l1hd τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 6 9 h17l figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι 1 Or do you not know that Paul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. Alternate translation: “You already know that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 9 t1rt figs-metaphor κληρονομήσουσιν 1 will inherit Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 6 9 vqx4 Θεοῦ Βασιλείαν οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν 1 will not inherit the kingdom of God God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life.
1CO 6 9 h2na figs-merism μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or 2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1CO 6 9 blc7 μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 male prostitutes Possible meanings are 1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or 2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or 3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
1CO 6 9 h2na figs-merism μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality Possible meanings are (1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or (2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1CO 6 9 blc7 μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 male prostitutes Possible meanings are (1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or (2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or (3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
1CO 6 9 qja8 ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 those who practice homosexuality men who sleep with other men
1CO 6 10 f7gp κλέπται 1 thieves people who steal from others
1CO 6 10 bgj9 πλεονέκται 1 the greedy people who are willing to use evil means to take others’ property
@ -260,10 +260,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 6 11 gnr6 figs-activepassive ἐδικαιώθητε 1 you were justified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has made you right with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 6 11 s55x figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ “Name” here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 6 12 sw2e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that God wants them pure because Christ has bought them with his death. Their bodies are now God’s temple. He does so by saying what the Corinthians might say and then correcting them.
1CO 6 12 r4mx πάντα μοι ἔξεστιν 1 Everything is lawful for me Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.”
1CO 6 12 r4mx πάντα μοι ἔξεστιν 1 Everything is lawful for me Possible meanings are (1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or (2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.”
1CO 6 12 q7dc ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντα συμφέρει 1 but not everything is beneficial Paul is answering whoever says, “Everything is lawful for me.” Alternate translation: “but not everything is good for me”
1CO 6 12 c8vz figs-activepassive οὐκ ἐγὼ ἐξουσιασθήσομαι ὑπό τινος 1 I will not be mastered by any of them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow these things to rule over me like a master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 6 13 jz55 τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει 1 “Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but God will do away with both of them Possible meanings are 1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or 2) Paul actually agrees that “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but he is adding that God will do away with both of them.
1CO 6 13 jz55 τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει 1 “Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but God will do away with both of them Possible meanings are (1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or (2) Paul actually agrees that “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but he is adding that God will do away with both of them.
1CO 6 13 jta4 τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει 1 Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food One possible meanings is that the speaker is speaking indirectly of the body and sex, but you should translate this literally as “stomach” and “food.”
1CO 6 13 uc1v καταργήσει 1 do away with “destroy”
1CO 6 14 ev9l τὸν Κύριον ἤγειρεν 1 raised the Lord “caused the Lord to live again”
@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 6 16 z54k figs-activepassive ὁ κολλώμενος τῇ πόρνῃ, ἓν σῶμά ἐστιν 1 he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one flesh with her This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when a man joins his body to the body of a prostitute, it is as if their bodies become one body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 6 17 c2tb figs-activepassive ὁ…κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ, ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν 1 he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Lord joins his spirit to the spirit of a person, it is as if their spirits become one spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 6 18 ex92 figs-metaphor φεύγετε 1 Flee from Paul speaks of a person rejecting sexual sin as if that person were running away from danger. Alternate translation: “Get away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 6 18 sc9d figs-explicit τὴν πορνείαν. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν…δὲ 1 immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, but Possible meanings are 1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner’s own body or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “immorality! Some of you are saying, ‘Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,’ but I say that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 6 18 sc9d figs-explicit τὴν πορνείαν. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν…δὲ 1 immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, but Possible meanings are (1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner’s own body or (2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “immorality! Some of you are saying, ‘Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,’ but I say that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 6 18 jr46 ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος 1 sin that a person commits “evil deed that a person does”
1CO 6 19 qy5j figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι…ἀπὸ Θεοῦ? καὶ οὐκ ἐστὲ ἑαυτῶν 1 Do you not know…God?…that you are not your own? Paul is continuing to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing what they already know. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you…God and that you are not your own.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 6 19 bb35 τὸ σῶμα ὑμῶν 1 your body the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit
@ -285,11 +285,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 7 1 iue7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives the believers some specific instructions on marriage.
1CO 7 1 y4lx δὲ 1 Now Paul is introducing a new topic in his teaching.
1CO 7 1 jq21 ὧν ἐγράψατε 1 the issues you wrote about The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions.
1CO 7 1 erl5 καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 1 “It is good for a man not to touch a woman.” Possible meanings are 1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, ‘It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.”
1CO 7 1 erl5 καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 1 “It is good for a man not to touch a woman.” Possible meanings are (1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, ‘It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” or (2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.”
1CO 7 1 ui5c καλὸν 1 It is good “It is most helpful”
1CO 7 1 cm7y ἀνθρώπῳ 1 for a man Possible meanings are 1) “a man” refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” or 2) “a man” refers to any man.
1CO 7 1 mx7w figs-euphemism γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 1 not to touch a woman Possible meanings are 1) “touch a woman” is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” or 2) “touch a woman” is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 7 2 c3uq διὰ δὲ 1 But because Possible meanings are 1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks.
1CO 7 1 cm7y ἀνθρώπῳ 1 for a man Possible meanings are (1) “a man” refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” or (2) “a man” refers to any man.
1CO 7 1 mx7w figs-euphemism γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 1 not to touch a woman Possible meanings are (1) “touch a woman” is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” or (2) “touch a woman” is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 7 2 c3uq διὰ δὲ 1 But because Possible meanings are (1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” or (2) Paul is saying what he really thinks.
1CO 7 2 fys4 διὰ δὲ τὰς πορνείας, ἕκαστος 1 But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each “But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each” or “But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each”
1CO 7 3 mj8l figs-euphemism ὀφειλὴν 1 sexual rights Both husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1CO 7 3 vhv1 figs-ellipsis ὁμοίως…καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῷ ἀνδρί 1 likewise the wife to her husband The words “should give” and “sexual rights” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise the wife should give to her husband his sexual rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 7 5 d3er σχολάσητε 1 devote yourselves “commit yourselves”
1CO 7 5 s1ya πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἦτε 1 come together again “sleep together again”
1CO 7 5 ii8n διὰ τὴν ἀκρασίαν ὑμῶν 1 because of your lack of self-control “because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control”
1CO 7 6 xe7r τοῦτο δὲ λέγω κατὰ συνγνώμην, οὐ κατ’ ἐπιταγήν 1 I say these things to you as a concession and not as a command Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, 1) to marry and sleep together or 2) to stop sleeping together for a time.
1CO 7 6 xe7r τοῦτο δὲ λέγω κατὰ συνγνώμην, οὐ κατ’ ἐπιταγήν 1 I say these things to you as a concession and not as a command Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, (1) to marry and sleep together or (2) to stop sleeping together for a time.
1CO 7 7 rbe7 εἶναι ὡς καὶ ἐμαυτόν 1 were as I am Either Paul had never married or his wife had died. It is unlikely that he had been through a divorce.
1CO 7 7 w9ld ἀλλὰ ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα ἐκ Θεοῦ; ὁ μὲν οὕτως, ὁ δὲ οὕτως 1 But each one has his own gift from God. One has this kind of gift, and another that kind “God enables people to do different things. He enables one person to do one thing and another person to do something different”
1CO 7 8 a58l τοῖς ἀγάμοις 1 the unmarried “this those who are not married”
@ -310,11 +310,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 7 11 jd5w μὴ ἀφιέναι 1 should not divorce Paul’s readers knew no difference between divorcing and simply separating. To do either was to end the marriage. Alternate translation: “should not separate from”
1CO 7 12 k9yd συνευδοκεῖ 1 agrees willing or satisfied
1CO 7 13 mw6k ἄνδρα 1 husband This is the same Greek word as for “man.”
1CO 7 14 l84p figs-activepassive ἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί 1 For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wife Possible meanings are 1) “For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 14 l84p figs-activepassive ἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί 1 For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wife Possible meanings are (1) “For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife” or (2) “God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 14 s3gw ὁ ἀνὴρ…τῇ γυναικί 1 husband…wife These are the same Greek words as for “man” and “woman.”
1CO 7 14 w5y9 figs-activepassive ἡγίασται ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄπιστος ἐν τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brother Possible meanings are 1) “God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 14 w5y9 figs-activepassive ἡγίασται ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄπιστος ἐν τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brother Possible meanings are (1) “God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes” or (2) “God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 14 i1x4 τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the brother the believing man or husband
1CO 7 14 fmu5 figs-activepassive ἅγιά ἐστιν 1 they are set apart Possible meanings are 1) “God has set them apart for himself” or 2) “God treats them as he would treat his own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 14 fmu5 figs-activepassive ἅγιά ἐστιν 1 they are set apart Possible meanings are (1) “God has set them apart for himself” or (2) “God treats them as he would treat his own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 15 jef4 figs-metaphor οὐ δεδούλωται ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις 1 In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows Here “brother” and “sister” refers to a Christian husband or wife. Here “not bound to their vows” is a metaphor that mean the person is not obligated to do what they vowed to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “In such cases, God does not require the believing spouse to continue to obey the marriage vow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 16 l559 figs-you οἶδας, γύναι…τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις…οἶδας, ἄνερ…τὴν γυναῖκα σώσεις 1 do you know, woman…you will save your husband…do you know, man…you will save your wife Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 7 16 h5td figs-rquestion τί…οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις 1 how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband? Paul uses a question to cause women to think deeply about what he is saying. Alternate translation: “you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving husband.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -349,8 +349,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 7 35 rp3w βρόχον 1 constraint restriction
1CO 7 35 ffx4 εὐπάρεδρον 1 devoted “can concentrate on”
1CO 7 36 jn8j ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ 1 he is acting improperly toward “not being kind to” or “not honoring”
1CO 7 36 crb8 τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ 1 his virgin Possible meanings are 1) “the woman whom he promised to marry” or 2) “his virgin daughter.”
1CO 7 36 wdj5 γαμείτωσαν 1 let them marry Possible meanings are 1) “He should marry his fiancée” or 2) “He should let his daughter get married.”
1CO 7 36 crb8 τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ 1 his virgin Possible meanings are (1) “the woman whom he promised to marry” or (2) “his virgin daughter.”
1CO 7 36 wdj5 γαμείτωσαν 1 let them marry Possible meanings are (1) “He should marry his fiancée” or (2) “He should let his daughter get married.”
1CO 7 37 nm99 figs-metaphor ὃς δὲ ἕστηκεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος 1 But if he is standing firm in his heart Here “standing firm” is a metaphor for deciding something with certainty. Here “heart” is metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “But if he has decided firmly in his own mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 7 39 d413 figs-metaphor γυνὴ δέδεται ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς 1 A wife is bound for as long as her husband lives Here “bound” is a metaphor for a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Here it means the union of marriage. Alternate translation: “A woman is married to her husband” or “A woman is united with her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 7 39 ms7z ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ 1 for as long as…lives “until he dies”
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 9 1 re1t figs-rquestion οὐχὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν ἑόρακα 1 Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. Alternate translation: “I have seen Jesus our Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 9 1 zd7e figs-rquestion οὐ τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Are you not my workmanship in the Lord? Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. Alternate translation: “You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 9 2 j6qz figs-metonymy ἡ…σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς, ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord “Proof” here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate translation: “you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 9 3 b17x ἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη: 1 This is my defense…me: Possible meanings are 1) the words that follow are Paul’s defense or 2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense…me.”
1CO 9 3 b17x ἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη: 1 This is my defense…me: Possible meanings are (1) the words that follow are Paul’s defense or (2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense…me.”
1CO 9 4 mr4g figs-rquestion μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν 1 Do we not have the right to eat and drink? Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 9 4 p4vq figs-exclusive ἔχομεν 1 we…have Here “we” refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO 9 5 s9k8 figs-rquestion μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἀδελφὴν, γυναῖκα περιάγειν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ Κηφᾶς? 1 Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas? Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 9 12 vt6t μή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν 1 to cause any hindrance “be a burden to” or “stop the spread of”
1CO 9 13 slf9 figs-rquestion οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐσθίουσιν 1 Do you not know that those who serve in the temple eat from the things of the temple Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 9 13 wwj4 figs-rquestion οἱ τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρεδρεύοντες, τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ συνμερίζονται? 1 those who serve at the altar partake from the altar? Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 9 14 rj38 figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν 1 get their living from the gospel The words “the gospel” here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news,” or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 9 14 rj38 figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν 1 get their living from the gospel The words “the gospel” here are a metonym for (1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news,” or (2) the result of working to tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 9 15 fs7a τούτων 1 these rights “these things that I deserve”
1CO 9 15 sy42 figs-activepassive ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί 1 so that this might be done for me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so you will do something for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 9 15 fd69 τὸ καύχημά μου…κενώσει 1 deprive me of my boasting “take away this opportunity I have to boast”
@ -486,15 +486,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 10 22 h9fh παραζηλοῦμεν 1 provoke to anger or irritate
1CO 10 22 zv17 figs-rquestion μὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν? 1 We are not stronger than him, are we? Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that we are not stronger than God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 10 23 ped1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul again reminds them of the law of liberty and doing everything for the benefit of others.
1CO 10 23 tu2m πάντα ἔξεστιν 1 Everything is lawful Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md).
1CO 10 23 tu2m πάντα ἔξεστιν 1 Everything is lawful Possible meanings are (1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or (2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md).
1CO 10 23 jm4k οὐ πάντα συμφέρει 1 not everything is beneficial “some things are not beneficial”
1CO 10 23 ex6z figs-metaphor οὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ 1 not everything builds people up Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “not everything strengthens people” or “some things do not strengthen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 10 27 g31y ὑμῖν…μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν 1 you without asking questions of conscience “you. God wants you to eat the food with a clear conscience”
1CO 10 28 q3zt figs-you ἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα 1 But if someone says to you…do not eat…who informed you Some translations put this verse, continuing to “and not yours” in the next verse, in parentheses because 1) the forms of “you” and “eat” here are singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in the next verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 10 28 q3zt figs-you ἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα 1 But if someone says to you…do not eat…who informed you Some translations put this verse, continuing to “and not yours” in the next verse, in parentheses because (1) the forms of “you” and “eat” here are singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and (2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in the next verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 10 28 qi77 figs-you ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα 1 says to you…do not eat…informed you Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” and the command “do not eat” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 10 29 v1d9 figs-you συνείδησιν δὲ λέγω, οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ 1 the conscience of the other man, I mean, and not yours Some translations put these words, along with the words in the verse before this one, in parentheses because 1) the form of “yours” here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in this verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 10 29 v1d9 figs-you συνείδησιν δὲ λέγω, οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ 1 the conscience of the other man, I mean, and not yours Some translations put these words, along with the words in the verse before this one, in parentheses because (1) the form of “yours” here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and (2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in this verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 10 29 s1wk figs-you οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ 1 and not yours Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “yours” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 10 29 k8xr ἵνα τί γὰρ…συνειδήσεως? 1 For why…conscience? Possible meanings for this question, along with the question in the next verse, are 1) the word “for” refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md). Alternate translation: “I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why…conscience?” or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “As some of you might be thinking, ‘For why…conscience?’”
1CO 10 29 k8xr ἵνα τί γὰρ…συνειδήσεως? 1 For why…conscience? Possible meanings for this question, along with the question in the next verse, are (1) the word “for” refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md). Alternate translation: “I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why…conscience?” or (2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “As some of you might be thinking, ‘For why…conscience?’”
1CO 10 29 d4q1 figs-rquestion ἵνα τί…ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως? 1 why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience? The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that no one should be able to say I am doing wrong just because that person has ideas about right and wrong that are different from mine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 10 30 dv5f figs-rquestion εἰ ἐγὼ χάριτι μετέχω, τί βλασφημοῦμαι ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εὐχαριστῶ? 1 If I partake of the meal with gratitude, why am I being insulted for that for which I gave thanks? The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “I partake of the meal with gratitude, so no one should insult me for that for which I gave thanks.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 10 30 x2v5 εἰ ἐγὼ…μετέχω 1 If I partake If Paul is not quoting what some Corinthians might be thinking, the “I” represents those who eat meat with thankfulness. “If a person partakes” or “When a person eats”
@ -506,23 +506,23 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 11 intro abce 0 # 1 Corinthians 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (verses 1-16) and the Lord’s Supper (verses 17-34).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Proper conduct in a church service<br><br>### Disorderly women<br>Paul’s instructions here are debated among scholars. There may have been women who were abusing their Christian freedom and causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The disorder that their actions created would have caused him to be concerned.<br><br>### The Lord’s Supper<br>There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord’s Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord’s Supper, some of them ate their own food without sharing. Some of them got drunk while the poor people remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ’s death if they participated in the Lord’s Supper while they were sinning or while they were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to follow the rules for worship he has suggested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### The head<br><br>Paul uses “head” as a metonym for authority in verse 3 and also to refer to a person’s actual head in verse 4 and following. Since they are so close together, it is likely that Paul intentionally used “head” in this way. This would show that the ideas in these verses were connected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br>
1CO 11 1 h5fg 0 Connecting Statement: After reminding them to follow him the way he follows Christ, Paul gives some specific instructs in how women and men are to live as believers.
1CO 11 2 qsk9 πάντα μου μέμνησθε 1 you remember me in everything “you think of me at all times” or “you always try act as I would want you to act” The Corinthians had not forgotten who Paul was or what he had taught them.
1CO 11 3 k5um θέλω δὲ 1 Now I want Possible meanings are 1) “Because of this, I want” or 2) “However, I want.”
1CO 11 3 k5um θέλω δὲ 1 Now I want Possible meanings are (1) “Because of this, I want” or (2) “However, I want.”
1CO 11 3 hbt7 ἡ κεφαλὴ…ἐστιν 1 is the head has authority over
1CO 11 3 en95 κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ 1 a man is the head of a woman Possible meanings are 1) “men are to have authority over women” or 2) “the husband is to have authority over the wife”
1CO 11 3 en95 κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ 1 a man is the head of a woman Possible meanings are (1) “men are to have authority over women” or (2) “the husband is to have authority over the wife”
1CO 11 4 uuv2 κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων 1 having something on his head “and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head”
1CO 11 4 lit3 καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 dishonors his head Possible meanings are 1) “brings disgrace on himself” or 2) “brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head.”
1CO 11 5 b7ku γυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς 1 woman who prays…dishonors her head Possible meanings are 1) “woman who prays…brings disgrace on herself” or 2) “wife who prays…brings disgrace on her husband.”
1CO 11 4 lit3 καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 dishonors his head Possible meanings are (1) “brings disgrace on himself” or (2) “brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head.”
1CO 11 5 b7ku γυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς 1 woman who prays…dishonors her head Possible meanings are (1) “woman who prays…brings disgrace on herself” or (2) “wife who prays…brings disgrace on her husband.”
1CO 11 5 k5yl ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 with her head uncovered That is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders.
1CO 11 5 e1pz τῇ ἐξυρημένῃ 1 as if her head were shaved as if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor
1CO 11 6 s4r5 εἰ…αἰσχρὸν γυναικὶ 1 If it is disgraceful for a woman It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short.
1CO 11 6 i624 κατακαλύπτεται 1 cover her head place on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders
1CO 11 7 aa4r figs-activepassive οὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν 1 should not have his head covered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “must not cover his head” or 2) “does not need to cover his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 11 7 aa4r figs-activepassive οὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν 1 should not have his head covered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “must not cover his head” or (2) “does not need to cover his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 11 7 t5jn δόξα ἀνδρός 1 glory of the man Just as man reflects God’s greatness, the woman reflects the man’s character.
1CO 11 8 s5ns figs-activepassive οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ἐκ γυναικός, ἀλλὰ γυνὴ ἐξ ἀνδρός. 1 For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from man God made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 11 9 w8jm γὰρ οὐκ…διὰ τὸν ἄνδρα 1 For neither…for man These words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](../11/08.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word “this” in “this is why…the angels” clearly refers back to the words “the woman is the glory of the man” in [1 Corinthians 11:7](../11/07.md).
1CO 11 10 wh4c ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς 1 have a symbol of authority on her head Possible meanings are 1) “to symbolize that she has man as her head” or 2) “to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.”
1CO 11 10 wh4c ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς 1 have a symbol of authority on her head Possible meanings are (1) “to symbolize that she has man as her head” or (2) “to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.”
1CO 11 11 pir4 πλὴν…ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Nevertheless, in the Lord “While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this: in the Lord”
1CO 11 11 h9t4 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord Possible meanings are 1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord” or 2) “in the world as created by God.”
1CO 11 11 h9t4 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord Possible meanings are (1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord” or (2) “in the world as created by God.”
1CO 11 11 hqy4 figs-doublenegatives οὔτε γυνὴ χωρὶς ἀνδρὸς, οὔτε ἀνὴρ χωρὶς γυναικὸς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the woman This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO 11 12 i8qu τὰ…πάντα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 all things come from God “God created everything”
1CO 11 13 eex3 ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε 1 Judge for yourselves “Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know”
@ -537,10 +537,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 11 17 du1a οὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον 1 it is not for the better but for the worse “you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other”
1CO 11 18 iu3q ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 in the church “as believers.” Paul is not talking about being inside a building.
1CO 11 18 l9vx σχίσματα ἐν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχειν 1 there are divisions among you “you divide yourselves into opposing groups”
1CO 11 19 s9sy figs-irony δεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι 1 For there must also be factions among you Possible meanings 1) The word “must” indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” or 2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 11 19 s9sy figs-irony δεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι 1 For there must also be factions among you Possible meanings (1) The word “must” indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” or (2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 11 19 kcr7 αἱρέσεις 1 factions opposing groups of people
1CO 11 19 vfv4 figs-irony ἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν 1 so that those who are approved may be recognized among you Possible meanings are 1) “so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you” or 2) “so that people can display this approval to the others among you.” Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 11 19 j7db δόκιμοι 1 who are approved Possible meanings are 1) “whom God approves” or 2) “whom you, the church, approve.”
1CO 11 19 vfv4 figs-irony ἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν 1 so that those who are approved may be recognized among you Possible meanings are (1) “so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you” or (2) “so that people can display this approval to the others among you.” Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO 11 19 j7db δόκιμοι 1 who are approved Possible meanings are (1) “whom God approves” or (2) “whom you, the church, approve.”
1CO 11 20 x9h5 συνερχομένων 1 come together “gather together”
1CO 11 20 dse7 οὐκ ἔστιν Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν 1 it is not the Lord’s Supper that you eat “you may believe you are eating the Lord’s Supper, but you do not treat it with respect”
1CO 11 22 zl1h ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν 1 to eat and to drink in “in which to gather for a meal”
@ -551,13 +551,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 11 23 c197 figs-activepassive ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο 1 on the night when he was betrayed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 11 24 e19d ἔκλασεν 1 he broke it “he pulled pieces from it”
1CO 11 24 f6hn τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα 1 This is my body “The bread I am holding is my body”
1CO 11 25 gr2k τὸ ποτήριον 1 the cup It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” Possible meanings are that it was 1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or 2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
1CO 11 25 gr2k τὸ ποτήριον 1 the cup It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” Possible meanings are that it was (1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or (2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
1CO 11 25 z54e τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε 1 Do this as often as you drink it “Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it”
1CO 11 26 sj1l τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε 1 proclaim the Lord’s death teach about the crucifixion and resurrection
1CO 11 26 m89f figs-explicit ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ 1 until he comes Where Jesus comes to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “until Jesus comes back to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 11 27 as6y ἂν ἐσθίῃ τὸν ἄρτον ἢ πίνῃ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord “eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord”
1CO 11 28 nhx7 figs-metaphor δοκιμαζέτω 1 examine Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how “test the quality” is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 11 29 gqd2 μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα 1 without discerning the body Possible meanings are 1) “and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord” or 2) “and does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.”
1CO 11 29 gqd2 μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα 1 without discerning the body Possible meanings are (1) “and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord” or (2) “and does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.”
1CO 11 30 kbi6 ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄρρωστοι 1 weak and ill These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UST.
1CO 11 30 vx5t figs-euphemism κοιμῶνται ἱκανοί 1 and many of you have fallen asleep “Sleep” here is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “and some of you have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]).
1CO 11 30 bh6j figs-explicit ἱκανοί 1 many of you If this would sound like Paul is talking to those who have died, you may need to make explicit that he is not. Alternate translation: “some of the members of your group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 12 1 da2e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers.
1CO 12 1 i3k7 figs-doublenegatives οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν 1 I do not want you to be uninformed This can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO 12 2 hbt8 figs-metaphor ἦτε, πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε, ἀπαγόμενοι 1 you were led astray to idols who could not speak, in whatever ways you were led by them Here “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. Being led astray to idols represents being wrongly persuaded to worship idols. The phrases “were led astray” and “you were led by them” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you were persuaded in some way to worship idols who cannot speak” or “you believed lies somehow and so you worshiped idols who cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 12 3 zg4j οὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει 1 no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say Possible meanings are 1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say” or 2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
1CO 12 3 zg4j οὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει 1 no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say Possible meanings are (1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say” or (2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
1CO 12 3 jak6 ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus is accursed “God will punish Jesus” or “God will make Jesus suffer”
1CO 12 6 eth3 ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν 1 who is working all things in everyone “causes everyone to have them”
1CO 12 7 x7mv figs-activepassive ἑκάστῳ…δίδοται 1 to each one is given This can be stated in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](../12/06.md)). Alternate translation: “God gives to each one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 12 10 c14y ἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν 1 the interpretation of tongues This is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. Alternate translation: “the ability to interpret what is said in other languages”
1CO 12 11 z383 τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα 1 one and the same Spirit God gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md).
1CO 12 12 j3xl 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity.
1CO 12 13 g8uk figs-activepassive γὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν 1 For by one Spirit we were all baptized Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, “For one Spirit baptized us” or 2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 12 13 g8uk figs-activepassive γὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν 1 For by one Spirit we were all baptized Possible meanings are (1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, “For one Spirit baptized us” or (2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 12 13 r9hm figs-metonymy εἴτε…δοῦλοι, εἴτε ἐλεύθεροι 1 whether bound or free “Bound” here is a metonym for “slaves.” Alternate translation: “whether slave-people or free-people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 12 13 r5kw figs-activepassive πάντες ἓν Πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν 1 all were made to drink of one Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 12 17 rsl6 figs-rquestion ποῦ ἡ ἀκοή?…ποῦ ἡ ὄσφρησις? 1 where would the sense of hearing be?…where would the sense of smell be? This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “you could not hear anything…you could not smell anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 12 25 z4kk μὴ ᾖ σχίσμα ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἀλλὰ 1 there may be no division within the body, but “the body may be unified, and”
1CO 12 26 da97 figs-activepassive δοξάζεται μέλος 1 one member is honored This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone gives honor to one member” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 12 27 z2ct ὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε 1 Now you are Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1CO 12 28 ll3s πρῶτον ἀποστόλους 1 first apostles Possible meanings are 1) “the first gift I will mention is apostles” or 2) “the most important gift is apostles.”
1CO 12 28 ll3s πρῶτον ἀποστόλους 1 first apostles Possible meanings are (1) “the first gift I will mention is apostles” or (2) “the most important gift is apostles.”
1CO 12 28 unh1 ἀντιλήμψεις 1 those who provide helps “those who provide help to other believers”
1CO 12 28 l6p1 κυβερνήσεις 1 those who do the work of administration “those who govern the church”
1CO 12 28 w726 κυβερνήσεις 1 those who have various kinds of tongues an individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language
@ -612,10 +612,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 12 30 q8ht figs-rquestion μὴ πάντες γλώσσαις λαλοῦσιν? 1 Do all of them speak with tongues? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them speak with tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 12 30 d3k8 figs-rquestion μὴ πάντες διερμηνεύουσιν? 1 Do all of them interpret tongues? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them interpret tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 12 30 ab9e διερμηνεύουσιν 1 interpret This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO 12 31 vb1m ζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Possible meanings are 1) “You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church.” or 2) “You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have.”
1CO 12 31 vb1m ζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Possible meanings are (1) “You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church.” or (2) “You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have.”
1CO 13 intro abcg 0 # 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul seems to interrupt his teaching about spiritual gifts. However, this chapter probably serves a larger function in his teaching.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Love<br><br>Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter fully describes love. Paul tells why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Paul uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Readers often need spiritual discernment to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
1CO 13 1 n8lm 0 Connecting Statement: Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important.
1CO 13 1 cm2n figs-hyperbole ταῖς γλώσσαις…τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the tongues of…angels Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO 13 1 cm2n figs-hyperbole ταῖς γλώσσαις…τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the tongues of…angels Possible meanings are (1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or (2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO 13 1 k2gk figs-metaphor γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἢ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον 1 I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 13 1 krt1 translate-unknown χαλκὸς 1 gong a large, thin, round metal plate that is hit with a padded stick to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO 13 1 qbx6 translate-unknown κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον 1 a clanging cymbal two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 13 6 tpz6 figs-doublenegatives οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συνχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truth This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It rejoices only in righteousness and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO 13 7 vf6x figs-personification 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO 13 12 bn3h βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι 1 For now we see indirectly in a mirror Mirrors in Paul’s day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection.
1CO 13 12 w2eu βλέπομεν…ἄρτι 1 now we see Possible meanings are 1) “now we see Christ” or 2) “now we see God.”
1CO 13 12 w2eu βλέπομεν…ἄρτι 1 now we see Possible meanings are (1) “now we see Christ” or (2) “now we see God.”
1CO 13 12 xx1g figs-ellipsis τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον 1 but then face to face “but then we will see Christ face to face” This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CO 13 12 qp7g figs-ellipsis ἐπιγνώσομαι 1 I will know fully The word “Christ” is understood. Alternate translation: “I will know Christ fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO 13 12 i28w figs-activepassive καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην 1 just as I have also been fully known This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “just as Christ has known me fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 14 15 fi2f τῷ νοΐ 1 with my mind “with words that I understand”
1CO 14 16 niu5 figs-you εὐλογῇς…τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ…λέγεις 1 you praise God…you are giving thanks…you are saying Though “you” is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 14 16 r4w5 figs-rquestion πῶς ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν…οὐκ οἶδεν? 1 how will the outsider say “Amen”…saying? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “the outsider will never be able to say ‘Amen’…saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 14 16 j3e3 τοῦ ἰδιώτου 1 the ungifted Possible meanings are 1) “another person” or 2) “people who are new to your group.”
1CO 14 16 j3e3 τοῦ ἰδιώτου 1 the ungifted Possible meanings are (1) “another person” or (2) “people who are new to your group.”
1CO 14 16 ev63 figs-synecdoche ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν 1 say “Amen” “be able to agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CO 14 17 a7wr figs-you σὺ μὲν…εὐχαριστεῖς 1 you certainly give Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 14 17 w25k figs-metaphor ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται 1 the other person is not built up Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “the other person is not strengthened” or “what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -674,13 +674,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 14 27 wc1z καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος 1 and each one in turn “and they should speak one after another” or “and they should speak one at a time”
1CO 14 27 zh9z figs-activepassive διερμηνευέτω 1 must interpret This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “interpret what they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 14 27 ari2 διερμηνευέτω 1 must interpret This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO 14 29 a9iz προφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν 1 Let two or three prophets speak Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or 2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time.
1CO 14 29 a9iz προφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν 1 Let two or three prophets speak Possible meanings are (1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or (2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time.
1CO 14 29 m5l8 figs-activepassive προφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν 1 to what is said This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 14 30 sl1q figs-activepassive ἐὰν…ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ 1 if a revelation is given to another This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if God gives someone insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 14 31 xr69 καθ’ ἕνα…προφητεύειν 1 prophesy one by one Only one person should prophesy at a time.
1CO 14 31 nrq1 figs-activepassive πάντες…παρακαλῶνται 1 all may be encouraged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you may encourage all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 14 33 my65 οὐ…ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας ὁ Θεὸς 1 God is not a God of confusion God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time.
1CO 14 34 gjv2 σιγάτωσαν 1 let be silent Possible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service.
1CO 14 34 gjv2 σιγάτωσαν 1 let be silent Possible meanings are (1) stop speaking, (2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or (3) be absolutely silent during the church service.
1CO 14 36 h8lp figs-rquestion ἢ ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν, ἢ εἰς ὑμᾶς μόνους κατήντησεν? 1 Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached? Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. Alternate translation: “The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God’s will.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 14 36 mj6b figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God “Word of God” here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 14 37 ab6u ἐπιγινωσκέτω 1 he should acknowledge A true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Paul’s writings as coming from the Lord.
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 1 xv53 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ…ἑστήκατε 1 on which you stand Paul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 15 2 xh29 figs-activepassive σῴζεσθε 1 you are being saved This can be stated in active form. “God will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 15 2 le2k τίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν 1 the word I preached to you “the message I preached to you”
1CO 15 3 sp4p ἐν πρώτοις 1 as of first importance Possible meanings are 1) as the most important of many things or 2) as the first in time .
1CO 15 3 sp4p ἐν πρώτοις 1 as of first importance Possible meanings are (1) as the most important of many things or (2) as the first in time .
1CO 15 3 azw6 ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν 1 for our sins “to pay for our sins” or “so that God could forgive our sins”
1CO 15 3 inj2 κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς 1 according to the scriptures Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament.
1CO 15 4 wa7m figs-activepassive ἐτάφη 1 he was buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 8 vg7t figs-idiom τῷ ἐκτρώματι 1 a child born at the wrong time This is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus’ three-year-long ministry. Alternate translation: “someone who missed the experiences of the others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO 15 10 xiq6 χάριτι…Θεοῦ, εἰμι ὅ εἰμι 1 by the grace of God I am what I am God’s grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now.
1CO 15 10 n45h figs-litotes ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη 1 his grace in me was not in vain Paul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. Alternate translation: “because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1CO 15 10 xh95 figs-metaphor ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 the grace of God that is with me Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or 2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 15 10 xh95 figs-metaphor ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 the grace of God that is with me Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or (2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 15 12 ub2p figs-rquestion πῶς λέγουσιν ἐν ὑμῖν τινες, ὅτι ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν? 1 how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead? Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. Alternate translation: “you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 15 12 jbi8 ἐγήγερται 1 raised made alive again
1CO 15 13 cn2m figs-hypo εἰ…ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται 1 if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised Paul is using a hypothetical case to argue that there is a resurrection of the dead. He knows that Christ has been raised and so infers that there is a resurrection. To say that there is no resurrection is to say that Christ has not been raised, but this is false because Paul has seen the resurrected Christ ([1 Corinthians 15:8](../15/08.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -744,12 +744,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 31 znl3 figs-explicit τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν, ἀδελφοί, ἣν ἔχω ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν 1 my boasting in you, brothers, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord Paul boasted in them because of what Christ Jesus had done for them. Alternate translation: “my boasting in you, which I do because of what Christ Jesus our Lord has done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 15 31 p3ym τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν 1 my boasting in you “the way I tell other people how good you are”
1CO 15 32 q6mb figs-rquestion εἰ…ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ…τί μοι τὸ ὄφελος…οὐκ ἐγείρονται 1 What do I gain…if I fought with beasts at Ephesus…not raised Paul wants the Corinthians to understand without him having to tell them. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “I gained nothing…by fighting with beasts at Ephesus…not raised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 15 32 lm3v figs-metaphor ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ 1 I fought with beasts at Ephesus Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or 2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 15 32 lm3v figs-metaphor ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ 1 I fought with beasts at Ephesus Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are (1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or (2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 15 32 c36a φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν, αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκομεν 1 Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can, for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope.
1CO 15 33 q7uc φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί 1 Bad company corrupts good morals If you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying.
1CO 15 34 gr3v ἐκνήψατε 1 Sober up “You must think seriously about this”
1CO 15 35 w4hk 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers’ bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ.
1CO 15 35 hw4a figs-rquestion ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται? 1 But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?” Possible meanings are 1) The person is asking sincerely or 2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 15 35 hw4a figs-rquestion ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται? 1 But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?” Possible meanings are (1) The person is asking sincerely or (2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 15 35 ty4t ἐρεῖ τις 1 someone will say “someone will ask”
1CO 15 35 e5lv ποίῳ…σώματι ἔρχονται 1 with what kind of body will they come That is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask.
1CO 15 36 ha84 figs-you ἄφρων! σὺ ὃ σπείρεις 1 You are so foolish! What you sow Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of “you” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 37 h6zi figs-you ὃ σπείρεις 1 What you sow Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO 15 38 dmx1 ὁ…Θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα, καθὼς ἠθέλησεν 1 God will give it a body as he chooses “God will decide what kind of body it will have”
1CO 15 39 qi8y σὰρξ 1 flesh In the context of animals, “flesh” may be translated as “body,” “skin,” or “meat.”
1CO 15 40 d9k2 σώματα ἐπουράνια 1 heavenly bodies Possible meanings are 1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
1CO 15 40 d9k2 σώματα ἐπουράνια 1 heavenly bodies Possible meanings are (1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or (2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
1CO 15 40 k9pg σώματα ἐπίγεια 1 earthly bodies This refers to humans.
1CO 15 40 qg3p ἑτέρα μὲν ἡ τῶν ἐπουρανίων δόξα, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ τῶν ἐπιγείων 1 the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another “the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies”
1CO 15 40 j1kb δόξα 1 glory Here “glory” refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky.
@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 48 s9pn οἱ…ἐπουράνιοι 1 those who are of heaven “those who belong to God”
1CO 15 49 mq8z ἐφορέσαμεν τὴν εἰκόνα…φορέσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα 1 have borne the image…will also bear the image “have been just like…will also be just like”
1CO 15 50 jub2 0 Connecting Statement: Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christ’s victory.
1CO 15 50 mwy3 figs-parallelism σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ 1 flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable Possible meanings are 1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” or 2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO 15 50 mwy3 figs-parallelism σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ 1 flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable Possible meanings are (1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” or (2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO 15 50 nz7s figs-metaphor σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα 1 flesh and blood Those who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO 15 50 e4gd figs-metaphor κληρονομῆσαι 1 inherit Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 15 50 b9hc ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν 1 the perishable…the imperishable “can rot…cannot rot.” See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
@ -803,10 +803,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 16 1 zh6u 0 Connecting Statement: In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul.
1CO 16 1 yer5 εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 1 for the saints Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea.
1CO 16 1 kh6h ὥσπερ διέταξα 1 as I directed “as I gave specific instructions”
1CO 16 2 h8n9 θησαυρίζων 1 storing up Possible meanings are: 1) “keep it at home” or 2) “leave it with the church”
1CO 16 2 h8n9 θησαυρίζων 1 storing up Possible meanings are: (1) “keep it at home” or (2) “leave it with the church”
1CO 16 2 wc3w ἵνα μὴ ὅταν ἔλθω, τότε λογεῖαι γίνωνται 1 so that there will be no collections when I come “so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you”
1CO 16 3 yj6c οὓς ἐὰν δοκιμάσητε 1 whomever you approve Paul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. “whomever you choose” or “the people you appoint”
1CO 16 3 j612 δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω 1 I will send with letters Possible meanings are 1) “I will send with letters that I will write” or 2) “I will send with letters that you will write.”
1CO 16 3 j612 δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω 1 I will send with letters Possible meanings are (1) “I will send with letters that I will write” or (2) “I will send with letters that you will write.”
1CO 16 6 w94k ὑμεῖς με προπέμψητε, οὗ ἐὰν πορεύωμαι 1 you may help me on my way, wherever I go This means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel.
1CO 16 7 xr88 οὐ θέλω…ὑμᾶς ἄρτι…ἰδεῖν 1 I do not wish to see you now Paul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon.
1CO 16 8 qkw9 τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς 1 Pentecost Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November.
@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 16 12 is6j figs-inclusive Ἀπολλῶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 our brother Apollos Here the word “our” refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO 16 13 p2la figs-parallelism γρηγορεῖτε, στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει, ἀνδρίζεσθε, κραταιοῦσθε 1 Stay alert; stand firm in the faith; act like men; be strong Paul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO 16 13 ng8n figs-metaphor γρηγορεῖτε 1 Stay alert Paul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “Be careful whom you trust” or “Watch out for danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 16 13 uys8 figs-metaphor στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 stand firm in the faith Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are 1) “keep strongly believing what we have taught you” or 2) “keep strongly trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 16 13 uys8 figs-metaphor στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 stand firm in the faith Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are (1) “keep strongly believing what we have taught you” or (2) “keep strongly trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 16 13 a3fs figs-metaphor ἀνδρίζεσθε 1 act like men In the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “be responsible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 16 14 rij5 πάντα ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ γινέσθω 1 Let all that you do be done in love “Everything you do should show people that you love them”
1CO 16 15 fy4e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
12 1CO 1 3 gc2c figs-you 0 General Information: Unless otherwise noted, such words as “you” and “your” refer to Paul’s audience and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13 1CO 1 4 pt1r 0 Connecting Statement: Paul describes the believer’s position and fellowship in Christ as they wait for his coming.
14 1CO 1 4 t16d figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ δοθείσῃ ὑμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of grace as though it were a physical object that Jesus gives Christians as a gift. Alternate translation: “because Christ Jesus has made it possible for God to be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15 1CO 1 5 js7f ἐπλουτίσθητε ἐν αὐτῷ 1 you have been made rich in him Possible meanings are 1) “Christ has made you rich” or 2) “God has made you rich.” Possible meanings are (1) “Christ has made you rich” or (2) “God has made you rich.”
16 1CO 1 5 jw1s figs-hyperbole ἐν παντὶ ἐπλουτίσθητε 1 in everything you have been made rich Paul is speaking in general terms. Alternate translation: “made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
17 1CO 1 5 j48t ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ 1 in all speech God has enabled you to tell others about God’s message in many ways.
18 1CO 1 5 qy8c πάσῃ γνώσει 1 all knowledge God has enabled you to understand God’s message in many ways.
19 1CO 1 6 h9zk τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν 1 the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you Possible meanings are 1) “you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true” or 2) “other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true.” Possible meanings are (1) “you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true” or (2) “other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true.”
20 1CO 1 7 t2hd ὥστε 1 Therefore “Because what I have just said is true”
21 1CO 1 7 p5y6 figs-litotes ὑμᾶς μὴ ὑστερεῖσθαι ἐν μηδενὶ χαρίσματι 1 you lack no spiritual gift This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have every spiritual gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
22 1CO 1 7 fe4q τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) “the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ” or 2) “the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.” Possible meanings are (1) “the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) “the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.”
23 1CO 1 8 pif5 ἀνεγκλήτους 1 you will be blameless There will be no reason for God to condemn you.
24 1CO 1 9 u6w6 πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς 1 God is faithful “God will do everything he has said he will do”
25 1CO 1 9 kx3z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 his Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
53 1CO 1 20 rkf9 γραμματεύς 1 the scholar a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal
54 1CO 1 20 u5j5 συνζητητὴς 1 the debater a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments
55 1CO 1 20 a7zl figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ἐμώρανεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου? 1 Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness? Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. Alternate translation: “God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
56 1CO 1 21 d7xw τοὺς πιστεύοντας 1 those who believe Possible meanings are 1) “all who believe the message” or 2) “all who believe in Christ.” Possible meanings are (1) “all who believe the message” or (2) “all who believe in Christ.”
57 1CO 1 22 v9fa figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
58 1CO 1 23 ntu3 figs-activepassive Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον 1 Christ crucified “about Christ, who died on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59 1CO 1 23 krw3 figs-metaphor σκάνδαλον 1 a stumbling block Just as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. Alternate translation: “not acceptable” or “very offensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 1CO 1 24 h7iw αὐτοῖς…τοῖς κλητοῖς 1 to those whom God has called “to the people God calls”
61 1CO 1 24 hu1s Χριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν 1 Christ as the power and the wisdom of God Possible meanings are 1) “God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us” or “through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is.” Possible meanings are (1) “God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us” or (2) “through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is.”
62 1CO 1 24 w9vm Θεοῦ δύναμιν 1 the power…of God Another possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us.
63 1CO 1 24 p1hu Θεοῦ σοφίαν 1 the wisdom of God Another possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ.
64 1CO 1 25 h9hh figs-irony τὸ μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἰσχυρότερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking ironically about God’s foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people’s wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people’s strength” or 2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call God’s foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God’s weakness is really stronger than people’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is speaking ironically about God’s foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people’s wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people’s strength” or (2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call God’s foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God’s weakness is really stronger than people’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
65 1CO 1 26 ps3r 0 Connecting Statement: Paul emphasizes the believer’s position before God.
66 1CO 1 26 w6l1 οὐ πολλοὶ 1 Not many of you This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Very few of you”
67 1CO 1 26 pws2 σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα 1 wise according to the flesh “what most people would call wise”
75 1CO 1 28 f11p figs-activepassive τὰ μὴ ὄντα 1 things that are held as valuable This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “things that people think are worth money” or “things that people think are worth respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76 1CO 1 30 fmr3 ἐξ αὐτοῦ 1 because of him This refers to the work of Christ on the cross.
77 1CO 1 30 a7bs figs-inclusive ἡμῖν 1 us These words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
78 1CO 1 30 f1at figs-metonymy Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from God Possible meanings are 1) “Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is” or 2) “Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is” or (2) “Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79 1CO 1 31 fym9 ὁ καυχώμενος, ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω 1 Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord “If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is”
80 1CO 2 intro k86p 0 # 1 Corinthians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter that contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple and human ideas foolish. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Paul uses the phrase “hidden wisdom” when he refers to previously unknown truths. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br>
81 1CO 2 1 kjc7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God.
82 1CO 2 1 qvj7 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
83 1CO 2 2 a2g9 figs-hyperbole ἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι…εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν 1 I decided to know nothing…except Jesus Christ When Paul said that he “decided to know nothing” he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “I decided to teach nothing…except Jesus Christ” or “I decided not to teach anything…except Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
84 1CO 2 3 s9lp κἀγὼ…ἐγενόμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 I was with you “I was visiting with you”
85 1CO 2 3 e8li ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ 1 in weakness Possible meanings are: 1) “physically weak” or 2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.” Possible meanings are: (1) “physically weak” or (2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
86 1CO 2 4 z81a πειθοῖς σοφίας λόγοις 1 persuasive words of wisdom words that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something
87 1CO 2 6 sg76 0 General Information: Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by “wisdom” and to whom he desires to speak.
88 1CO 2 6 azm7 δὲ λαλοῦμεν 1 Now we do speak The word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is God’s wisdom.
127 1CO 3 7 dl3z οὔτε ὁ φυτεύων ἐστίν τι…ἀλλ’ ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός 1 neither he who plants is anything…but God is the one who causes the growth Paul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers’ spiritual growth, but it is God’s doing.
128 1CO 3 7 c68g figs-abstractnouns ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός 1 but God is the one who causes the growth Here to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun “growth” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “it is God who causes you to grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
129 1CO 3 8 s16b figs-metaphor ὁ φυτεύων…καὶ ὁ ποτίζων, ἕν εἰσιν 1 he who plants and he who waters are one Paul speaks of telling people the good news and teaching those who have accepted it as if they were planting and watering plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130 1CO 3 8 za43 ἕν εἰσιν 1 are one Possible meanings are “one” are 1) “united in purpose” or 2) “equal in importance.” Possible meanings are “one” are (1) “united in purpose” or (2) “equal in importance.”
131 1CO 3 8 zd36 μισθὸν 1 wages an amount of money that a worker receives for his work
132 1CO 3 9 gj26 figs-exclusive ἐσμεν 1 we are brutally beaten This refers to Paul and Apollos but not the Corinthian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
133 1CO 3 9 r9sn Θεοῦ…συνεργοί 1 God’s fellow workers Paul considers himself and Apollos as working together.
134 1CO 3 9 lqg1 figs-metaphor Θεοῦ γεώργιον 1 God’s garden Possible meanings are 1) being God’s garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” or 2) being God’s garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) being God’s garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” or (2) being God’s garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135 1CO 3 9 l2fq figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκοδομή 1 God’s building Possible meanings are 1) being God’s building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” or 2) being God’s building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) being God’s building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” or (2) being God’s building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136 1CO 3 10 iln9 figs-activepassive κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι 1 According to the grace of God that was given to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “According to the task that God freely gave me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
137 1CO 3 10 a69q figs-metaphor θεμέλιον ἔθηκα 1 I laid a foundation Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138 1CO 3 10 pwi7 figs-metaphor ἄλλος…ἐποικοδομεῖ 1 another is building on it Paul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176 1CO 4 9 bb41 figs-parallelism ὁ Θεὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν 1 God has put us apostles on display Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
177 1CO 4 9 vfq3 figs-metaphor ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν 1 has put us apostles on display God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
178 1CO 4 9 cs4r figs-metaphor ὡς ἐπιθανατίους 1 like men sentenced to death God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
179 1CO 4 9 cqh4 figs-merism τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις 1 to the world—to angels, and to human beings Possible meanings are 1) “the world” consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”) or 2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) Possible meanings are (1) “the world” consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”) or (2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
180 1CO 4 10 fkw2 figs-irony ἡμεῖς μωροὶ…ἄτιμοι 1 We are fools…in dishonor Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
181 1CO 4 10 wqh7 ὑμεῖς ἔνδοξοι 1 You are held in honor “People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people”
182 1CO 4 10 z22c ἡμεῖς…ἄτιμοι 1 we are held in dishonor “people shame us apostles”
207 1CO 5 2 zk7g figs-rquestion οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε 1 Should you not mourn instead? This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should mourn over this instead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
208 1CO 5 2 rr93 figs-activepassive ἵνα ἀρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ, τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ποιήσας 1 The one who did this must be removed from among you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must remove the one who did this from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
209 1CO 5 3 xm4e παρὼν…τῷ πνεύματι 1 I am present in spirit “I am with you in spirit.” Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. Alternate translation: “I care about you” or “I want to be with you”
210 1CO 5 3 ax3u ἤδη κέκρικα…τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον 1 I have already passed judgment on the one who did this Possible meanings are 1) “I have decided what you should do with the one who did this” or 2) “I have found the person who did this guilty” Possible meanings are (1) “I have decided what you should do with the one who did this” or (2) “I have found the person who did this guilty”
211 1CO 5 4 m9yz συναχθέντων ὑμῶν 1 When you are assembled “When you are together” or “When you meet together”
212 1CO 5 4 t83d figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Possible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” or 2) being assembled in the Lord’s name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” or (2) being assembled in the Lord’s name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
213 1CO 5 5 xcf6 figs-metaphor παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ 1 hand this man over to Satan Handing the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. Alternate translation: “make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214 1CO 5 5 nq4y figs-metaphor εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός 1 for the destruction of the flesh Possible meanings are 1) “flesh” refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” or 2) “flesh” is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “flesh” refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” or (2) “flesh” is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215 1CO 5 5 z2cl figs-activepassive ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου 1 so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the Lord This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
216 1CO 5 6 h2hk οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν 1 Your boasting is not good “Your boasting is bad”
217 1CO 5 6 ng4m figs-metaphor οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη, ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ? 1 Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf? Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236 1CO 6 3 us55 figs-rquestion οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν 1 Do you not know that we will judge the angels? Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. Alternate translation: “You know that we will judge the angels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
237 1CO 6 3 v5r5 figs-inclusive κρινοῦμεν 1 we will judge Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
238 1CO 6 3 x6h3 figs-rquestion μήτι γε βιωτικά? 1 How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life? Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
239 1CO 6 4 vw5t figs-rquestion βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question or 2) this is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers” or 3) this is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question or (2) this is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers” or (3) this is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
240 1CO 6 4 xn32 βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life “If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life” or “If you must settle matters that are important in this life”
241 1CO 6 4 e791 figs-rquestion τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε? 1 why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church? Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) “you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church.” or 2) “you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that (1) “you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church.” or (2) “you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
242 1CO 6 5 b2vy πρὸς ἐντροπὴν ὑμῖν 1 to your shame “to your dishonor” or “to show how you have failed in this matter”
243 1CO 6 5 fue4 figs-rquestion οὕτως οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς σοφὸς, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ? 1 Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers? Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
244 1CO 6 5 l1hd τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
250 1CO 6 9 h17l figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι 1 Or do you not know that Paul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. Alternate translation: “You already know that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
251 1CO 6 9 t1rt figs-metaphor κληρονομήσουσιν 1 will inherit Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 1CO 6 9 vqx4 Θεοῦ Βασιλείαν οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν 1 will not inherit the kingdom of God God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life.
253 1CO 6 9 h2na figs-merism μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or 2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or (2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
254 1CO 6 9 blc7 μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 male prostitutes Possible meanings are 1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or 2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or 3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity. Possible meanings are (1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or (2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or (3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
255 1CO 6 9 qja8 ἀρσενοκοῖται 1 those who practice homosexuality men who sleep with other men
256 1CO 6 10 f7gp κλέπται 1 thieves people who steal from others
257 1CO 6 10 bgj9 πλεονέκται 1 the greedy people who are willing to use evil means to take others’ property
260 1CO 6 11 gnr6 figs-activepassive ἐδικαιώθητε 1 you were justified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has made you right with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
261 1CO 6 11 s55x figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ “Name” here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262 1CO 6 12 sw2e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that God wants them pure because Christ has bought them with his death. Their bodies are now God’s temple. He does so by saying what the Corinthians might say and then correcting them.
263 1CO 6 12 r4mx πάντα μοι ἔξεστιν 1 Everything is lawful for me Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” Possible meanings are (1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or (2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.”
264 1CO 6 12 q7dc ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντα συμφέρει 1 but not everything is beneficial Paul is answering whoever says, “Everything is lawful for me.” Alternate translation: “but not everything is good for me”
265 1CO 6 12 c8vz figs-activepassive οὐκ ἐγὼ ἐξουσιασθήσομαι ὑπό τινος 1 I will not be mastered by any of them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow these things to rule over me like a master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
266 1CO 6 13 jz55 τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει 1 “Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but God will do away with both of them Possible meanings are 1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or 2) Paul actually agrees that “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but he is adding that God will do away with both of them. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or (2) Paul actually agrees that “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but he is adding that God will do away with both of them.
267 1CO 6 13 jta4 τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει 1 Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food One possible meanings is that the speaker is speaking indirectly of the body and sex, but you should translate this literally as “stomach” and “food.”
268 1CO 6 13 uc1v καταργήσει 1 do away with “destroy”
269 1CO 6 14 ev9l τὸν Κύριον ἤγειρεν 1 raised the Lord “caused the Lord to live again”
274 1CO 6 16 z54k figs-activepassive ὁ κολλώμενος τῇ πόρνῃ, ἓν σῶμά ἐστιν 1 he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one flesh with her This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when a man joins his body to the body of a prostitute, it is as if their bodies become one body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
275 1CO 6 17 c2tb figs-activepassive ὁ…κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ, ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν 1 he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Lord joins his spirit to the spirit of a person, it is as if their spirits become one spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
276 1CO 6 18 ex92 figs-metaphor φεύγετε 1 Flee from Paul speaks of a person rejecting sexual sin as if that person were running away from danger. Alternate translation: “Get away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277 1CO 6 18 sc9d figs-explicit τὴν πορνείαν. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν…δὲ 1 immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, but Possible meanings are 1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner’s own body or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “immorality! Some of you are saying, ‘Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,’ but I say that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner’s own body or (2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “immorality! Some of you are saying, ‘Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,’ but I say that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
278 1CO 6 18 jr46 ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος 1 sin that a person commits “evil deed that a person does”
279 1CO 6 19 qy5j figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι…ἀπὸ Θεοῦ? καὶ οὐκ ἐστὲ ἑαυτῶν 1 Do you not know…God?…that you are not your own? Paul is continuing to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing what they already know. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you…God and that you are not your own.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
280 1CO 6 19 bb35 τὸ σῶμα ὑμῶν 1 your body the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit
285 1CO 7 1 iue7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives the believers some specific instructions on marriage.
286 1CO 7 1 y4lx δὲ 1 Now Paul is introducing a new topic in his teaching.
287 1CO 7 1 jq21 ὧν ἐγράψατε 1 the issues you wrote about The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions.
288 1CO 7 1 erl5 καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 1 “It is good for a man not to touch a woman.” Possible meanings are 1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, ‘It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.” Possible meanings are (1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, ‘It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” or (2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.”
289 1CO 7 1 ui5c καλὸν 1 It is good “It is most helpful”
290 1CO 7 1 cm7y ἀνθρώπῳ 1 for a man Possible meanings are 1) “a man” refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” or 2) “a man” refers to any man. Possible meanings are (1) “a man” refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” or (2) “a man” refers to any man.
291 1CO 7 1 mx7w figs-euphemism γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι 1 not to touch a woman Possible meanings are 1) “touch a woman” is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” or 2) “touch a woman” is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “touch a woman” is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” or (2) “touch a woman” is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
292 1CO 7 2 c3uq διὰ δὲ 1 But because Possible meanings are 1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” or (2) Paul is saying what he really thinks.
293 1CO 7 2 fys4 διὰ δὲ τὰς πορνείας, ἕκαστος 1 But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each “But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each” or “But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each”
294 1CO 7 3 mj8l figs-euphemism ὀφειλὴν 1 sexual rights Both husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
295 1CO 7 3 vhv1 figs-ellipsis ὁμοίως…καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῷ ἀνδρί 1 likewise the wife to her husband The words “should give” and “sexual rights” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise the wife should give to her husband his sexual rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
298 1CO 7 5 d3er σχολάσητε 1 devote yourselves “commit yourselves”
299 1CO 7 5 s1ya πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἦτε 1 come together again “sleep together again”
300 1CO 7 5 ii8n διὰ τὴν ἀκρασίαν ὑμῶν 1 because of your lack of self-control “because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control”
301 1CO 7 6 xe7r τοῦτο δὲ λέγω κατὰ συνγνώμην, οὐ κατ’ ἐπιταγήν 1 I say these things to you as a concession and not as a command Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, 1) to marry and sleep together or 2) to stop sleeping together for a time. Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, (1) to marry and sleep together or (2) to stop sleeping together for a time.
302 1CO 7 7 rbe7 εἶναι ὡς καὶ ἐμαυτόν 1 were as I am Either Paul had never married or his wife had died. It is unlikely that he had been through a divorce.
303 1CO 7 7 w9ld ἀλλὰ ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα ἐκ Θεοῦ; ὁ μὲν οὕτως, ὁ δὲ οὕτως 1 But each one has his own gift from God. One has this kind of gift, and another that kind “God enables people to do different things. He enables one person to do one thing and another person to do something different”
304 1CO 7 8 a58l τοῖς ἀγάμοις 1 the unmarried “this those who are not married”
310 1CO 7 11 jd5w μὴ ἀφιέναι 1 should not divorce Paul’s readers knew no difference between divorcing and simply separating. To do either was to end the marriage. Alternate translation: “should not separate from”
311 1CO 7 12 k9yd συνευδοκεῖ 1 agrees willing or satisfied
312 1CO 7 13 mw6k ἄνδρα 1 husband This is the same Greek word as for “man.”
313 1CO 7 14 l84p figs-activepassive ἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί 1 For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wife Possible meanings are 1) “For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) “For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife” or (2) “God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
314 1CO 7 14 s3gw ὁ ἀνὴρ…τῇ γυναικί 1 husband…wife These are the same Greek words as for “man” and “woman.”
315 1CO 7 14 w5y9 figs-activepassive ἡγίασται ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄπιστος ἐν τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brother Possible meanings are 1) “God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) “God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes” or (2) “God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
316 1CO 7 14 i1x4 τῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the brother the believing man or husband
317 1CO 7 14 fmu5 figs-activepassive ἅγιά ἐστιν 1 they are set apart Possible meanings are 1) “God has set them apart for himself” or 2) “God treats them as he would treat his own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) “God has set them apart for himself” or (2) “God treats them as he would treat his own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
318 1CO 7 15 jef4 figs-metaphor οὐ δεδούλωται ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις 1 In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows Here “brother” and “sister” refers to a Christian husband or wife. Here “not bound to their vows” is a metaphor that mean the person is not obligated to do what they vowed to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “In such cases, God does not require the believing spouse to continue to obey the marriage vow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
319 1CO 7 16 l559 figs-you οἶδας, γύναι…τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις…οἶδας, ἄνερ…τὴν γυναῖκα σώσεις 1 do you know, woman…you will save your husband…do you know, man…you will save your wife Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
320 1CO 7 16 h5td figs-rquestion τί…οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις 1 how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband? Paul uses a question to cause women to think deeply about what he is saying. Alternate translation: “you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving husband.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
349 1CO 7 35 rp3w βρόχον 1 constraint restriction
350 1CO 7 35 ffx4 εὐπάρεδρον 1 devoted “can concentrate on”
351 1CO 7 36 jn8j ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ 1 he is acting improperly toward “not being kind to” or “not honoring”
352 1CO 7 36 crb8 τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ 1 his virgin Possible meanings are 1) “the woman whom he promised to marry” or 2) “his virgin daughter.” Possible meanings are (1) “the woman whom he promised to marry” or (2) “his virgin daughter.”
353 1CO 7 36 wdj5 γαμείτωσαν 1 let them marry Possible meanings are 1) “He should marry his fiancée” or 2) “He should let his daughter get married.” Possible meanings are (1) “He should marry his fiancée” or (2) “He should let his daughter get married.”
354 1CO 7 37 nm99 figs-metaphor ὃς δὲ ἕστηκεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος 1 But if he is standing firm in his heart Here “standing firm” is a metaphor for deciding something with certainty. Here “heart” is metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “But if he has decided firmly in his own mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
355 1CO 7 39 d413 figs-metaphor γυνὴ δέδεται ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς 1 A wife is bound for as long as her husband lives Here “bound” is a metaphor for a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Here it means the union of marriage. Alternate translation: “A woman is married to her husband” or “A woman is united with her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
356 1CO 7 39 ms7z ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ 1 for as long as…lives “until he dies”
394 1CO 9 1 re1t figs-rquestion οὐχὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν ἑόρακα 1 Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. Alternate translation: “I have seen Jesus our Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
395 1CO 9 1 zd7e figs-rquestion οὐ τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Are you not my workmanship in the Lord? Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. Alternate translation: “You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
396 1CO 9 2 j6qz figs-metonymy ἡ…σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς, ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord “Proof” here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate translation: “you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
397 1CO 9 3 b17x ἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη: 1 This is my defense…me: Possible meanings are 1) the words that follow are Paul’s defense or 2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense…me.” Possible meanings are (1) the words that follow are Paul’s defense or (2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense…me.”
398 1CO 9 4 mr4g figs-rquestion μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν 1 Do we not have the right to eat and drink? Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
399 1CO 9 4 p4vq figs-exclusive ἔχομεν 1 we…have Here “we” refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
400 1CO 9 5 s9k8 figs-rquestion μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἀδελφὴν, γυναῖκα περιάγειν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ Κηφᾶς? 1 Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas? Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
416 1CO 9 12 vt6t μή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν 1 to cause any hindrance “be a burden to” or “stop the spread of”
417 1CO 9 13 slf9 figs-rquestion οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐσθίουσιν 1 Do you not know that those who serve in the temple eat from the things of the temple Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
418 1CO 9 13 wwj4 figs-rquestion οἱ τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρεδρεύοντες, τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ συνμερίζονται? 1 those who serve at the altar partake from the altar? Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
419 1CO 9 14 rj38 figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν 1 get their living from the gospel The words “the gospel” here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news,” or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The words “the gospel” here are a metonym for (1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news,” or (2) the result of working to tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420 1CO 9 15 fs7a τούτων 1 these rights “these things that I deserve”
421 1CO 9 15 sy42 figs-activepassive ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί 1 so that this might be done for me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so you will do something for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
422 1CO 9 15 fd69 τὸ καύχημά μου…κενώσει 1 deprive me of my boasting “take away this opportunity I have to boast”
486 1CO 10 22 h9fh παραζηλοῦμεν 1 provoke to anger or irritate
487 1CO 10 22 zv17 figs-rquestion μὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν? 1 We are not stronger than him, are we? Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that we are not stronger than God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
488 1CO 10 23 ped1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul again reminds them of the law of liberty and doing everything for the benefit of others.
489 1CO 10 23 tu2m πάντα ἔξεστιν 1 Everything is lawful Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md). Possible meanings are (1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or (2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md).
490 1CO 10 23 jm4k οὐ πάντα συμφέρει 1 not everything is beneficial “some things are not beneficial”
491 1CO 10 23 ex6z figs-metaphor οὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ 1 not everything builds people up Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “not everything strengthens people” or “some things do not strengthen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
492 1CO 10 27 g31y ὑμῖν…μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν 1 you without asking questions of conscience “you. God wants you to eat the food with a clear conscience”
493 1CO 10 28 q3zt figs-you ἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα 1 But if someone says to you…do not eat…who informed you Some translations put this verse, continuing to “and not yours” in the next verse, in parentheses because 1) the forms of “you” and “eat” here are singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in the next verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) Some translations put this verse, continuing to “and not yours” in the next verse, in parentheses because (1) the forms of “you” and “eat” here are singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and (2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in the next verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
494 1CO 10 28 qi77 figs-you ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα 1 says to you…do not eat…informed you Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” and the command “do not eat” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
495 1CO 10 29 v1d9 figs-you συνείδησιν δὲ λέγω, οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ 1 the conscience of the other man, I mean, and not yours Some translations put these words, along with the words in the verse before this one, in parentheses because 1) the form of “yours” here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in this verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) Some translations put these words, along with the words in the verse before this one, in parentheses because (1) the form of “yours” here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and (2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in this verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
496 1CO 10 29 s1wk figs-you οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ 1 and not yours Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “yours” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
497 1CO 10 29 k8xr ἵνα τί γὰρ…συνειδήσεως? 1 For why…conscience? Possible meanings for this question, along with the question in the next verse, are 1) the word “for” refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md). Alternate translation: “I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why…conscience?” or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “As some of you might be thinking, ‘For why…conscience?’” Possible meanings for this question, along with the question in the next verse, are (1) the word “for” refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md). Alternate translation: “I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why…conscience?” or (2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “As some of you might be thinking, ‘For why…conscience?’”
498 1CO 10 29 d4q1 figs-rquestion ἵνα τί…ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως? 1 why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience? The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that no one should be able to say I am doing wrong just because that person has ideas about right and wrong that are different from mine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
499 1CO 10 30 dv5f figs-rquestion εἰ ἐγὼ χάριτι μετέχω, τί βλασφημοῦμαι ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εὐχαριστῶ? 1 If I partake of the meal with gratitude, why am I being insulted for that for which I gave thanks? The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “I partake of the meal with gratitude, so no one should insult me for that for which I gave thanks.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
500 1CO 10 30 x2v5 εἰ ἐγὼ…μετέχω 1 If I partake If Paul is not quoting what some Corinthians might be thinking, the “I” represents those who eat meat with thankfulness. “If a person partakes” or “When a person eats”
506 1CO 11 intro abce 0 # 1 Corinthians 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (verses 1-16) and the Lord’s Supper (verses 17-34).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Proper conduct in a church service<br><br>### Disorderly women<br>Paul’s instructions here are debated among scholars. There may have been women who were abusing their Christian freedom and causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The disorder that their actions created would have caused him to be concerned.<br><br>### The Lord’s Supper<br>There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord’s Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord’s Supper, some of them ate their own food without sharing. Some of them got drunk while the poor people remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ’s death if they participated in the Lord’s Supper while they were sinning or while they were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to follow the rules for worship he has suggested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### The head<br><br>Paul uses “head” as a metonym for authority in verse 3 and also to refer to a person’s actual head in verse 4 and following. Since they are so close together, it is likely that Paul intentionally used “head” in this way. This would show that the ideas in these verses were connected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br>
507 1CO 11 1 h5fg 0 Connecting Statement: After reminding them to follow him the way he follows Christ, Paul gives some specific instructs in how women and men are to live as believers.
508 1CO 11 2 qsk9 πάντα μου μέμνησθε 1 you remember me in everything “you think of me at all times” or “you always try act as I would want you to act” The Corinthians had not forgotten who Paul was or what he had taught them.
509 1CO 11 3 k5um θέλω δὲ 1 Now I want Possible meanings are 1) “Because of this, I want” or 2) “However, I want.” Possible meanings are (1) “Because of this, I want” or (2) “However, I want.”
510 1CO 11 3 hbt7 ἡ κεφαλὴ…ἐστιν 1 is the head has authority over
511 1CO 11 3 en95 κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ 1 a man is the head of a woman Possible meanings are 1) “men are to have authority over women” or 2) “the husband is to have authority over the wife” Possible meanings are (1) “men are to have authority over women” or (2) “the husband is to have authority over the wife”
512 1CO 11 4 uuv2 κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων 1 having something on his head “and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head”
513 1CO 11 4 lit3 καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 dishonors his head Possible meanings are 1) “brings disgrace on himself” or 2) “brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head.” Possible meanings are (1) “brings disgrace on himself” or (2) “brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head.”
514 1CO 11 5 b7ku γυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς 1 woman who prays…dishonors her head Possible meanings are 1) “woman who prays…brings disgrace on herself” or 2) “wife who prays…brings disgrace on her husband.” Possible meanings are (1) “woman who prays…brings disgrace on herself” or (2) “wife who prays…brings disgrace on her husband.”
515 1CO 11 5 k5yl ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 with her head uncovered That is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders.
516 1CO 11 5 e1pz τῇ ἐξυρημένῃ 1 as if her head were shaved as if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor
517 1CO 11 6 s4r5 εἰ…αἰσχρὸν γυναικὶ 1 If it is disgraceful for a woman It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short.
518 1CO 11 6 i624 κατακαλύπτεται 1 cover her head place on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders
519 1CO 11 7 aa4r figs-activepassive οὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν 1 should not have his head covered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “must not cover his head” or 2) “does not need to cover his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “must not cover his head” or (2) “does not need to cover his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
520 1CO 11 7 t5jn δόξα ἀνδρός 1 glory of the man Just as man reflects God’s greatness, the woman reflects the man’s character.
521 1CO 11 8 s5ns figs-activepassive οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ἐκ γυναικός, ἀλλὰ γυνὴ ἐξ ἀνδρός. 1 For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from man God made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
522 1CO 11 9 w8jm γὰρ οὐκ…διὰ τὸν ἄνδρα 1 For neither…for man These words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](../11/08.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word “this” in “this is why…the angels” clearly refers back to the words “the woman is the glory of the man” in [1 Corinthians 11:7](../11/07.md).
523 1CO 11 10 wh4c ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς 1 have a symbol of authority on her head Possible meanings are 1) “to symbolize that she has man as her head” or 2) “to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.” Possible meanings are (1) “to symbolize that she has man as her head” or (2) “to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.”
524 1CO 11 11 pir4 πλὴν…ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Nevertheless, in the Lord “While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this: in the Lord”
525 1CO 11 11 h9t4 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord Possible meanings are 1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord” or 2) “in the world as created by God.” Possible meanings are (1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord” or (2) “in the world as created by God.”
526 1CO 11 11 hqy4 figs-doublenegatives οὔτε γυνὴ χωρὶς ἀνδρὸς, οὔτε ἀνὴρ χωρὶς γυναικὸς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the woman This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
527 1CO 11 12 i8qu τὰ…πάντα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 all things come from God “God created everything”
528 1CO 11 13 eex3 ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε 1 Judge for yourselves “Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know”
537 1CO 11 17 du1a οὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον 1 it is not for the better but for the worse “you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other”
538 1CO 11 18 iu3q ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 in the church “as believers.” Paul is not talking about being inside a building.
539 1CO 11 18 l9vx σχίσματα ἐν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχειν 1 there are divisions among you “you divide yourselves into opposing groups”
540 1CO 11 19 s9sy figs-irony δεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι 1 For there must also be factions among you Possible meanings 1) The word “must” indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” or 2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) Possible meanings (1) The word “must” indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” or (2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
541 1CO 11 19 kcr7 αἱρέσεις 1 factions opposing groups of people
542 1CO 11 19 vfv4 figs-irony ἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν 1 so that those who are approved may be recognized among you Possible meanings are 1) “so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you” or 2) “so that people can display this approval to the others among you.” Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) Possible meanings are (1) “so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you” or (2) “so that people can display this approval to the others among you.” Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
543 1CO 11 19 j7db δόκιμοι 1 who are approved Possible meanings are 1) “whom God approves” or 2) “whom you, the church, approve.” Possible meanings are (1) “whom God approves” or (2) “whom you, the church, approve.”
544 1CO 11 20 x9h5 συνερχομένων 1 come together “gather together”
545 1CO 11 20 dse7 οὐκ ἔστιν Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν 1 it is not the Lord’s Supper that you eat “you may believe you are eating the Lord’s Supper, but you do not treat it with respect”
546 1CO 11 22 zl1h ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν 1 to eat and to drink in “in which to gather for a meal”
551 1CO 11 23 c197 figs-activepassive ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο 1 on the night when he was betrayed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
552 1CO 11 24 e19d ἔκλασεν 1 he broke it “he pulled pieces from it”
553 1CO 11 24 f6hn τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα 1 This is my body “The bread I am holding is my body”
554 1CO 11 25 gr2k τὸ ποτήριον 1 the cup It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” Possible meanings are that it was 1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or 2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal. It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” Possible meanings are that it was (1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or (2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
555 1CO 11 25 z54e τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε 1 Do this as often as you drink it “Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it”
556 1CO 11 26 sj1l τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε 1 proclaim the Lord’s death teach about the crucifixion and resurrection
557 1CO 11 26 m89f figs-explicit ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ 1 until he comes Where Jesus comes to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “until Jesus comes back to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
558 1CO 11 27 as6y ἂν ἐσθίῃ τὸν ἄρτον ἢ πίνῃ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord “eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord”
559 1CO 11 28 nhx7 figs-metaphor δοκιμαζέτω 1 examine Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how “test the quality” is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
560 1CO 11 29 gqd2 μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα 1 without discerning the body Possible meanings are 1) “and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord” or 2) “and does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.” Possible meanings are (1) “and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord” or (2) “and does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.”
561 1CO 11 30 kbi6 ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄρρωστοι 1 weak and ill These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UST.
562 1CO 11 30 vx5t figs-euphemism κοιμῶνται ἱκανοί 1 and many of you have fallen asleep “Sleep” here is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “and some of you have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]).
563 1CO 11 30 bh6j figs-explicit ἱκανοί 1 many of you If this would sound like Paul is talking to those who have died, you may need to make explicit that he is not. Alternate translation: “some of the members of your group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
572 1CO 12 1 da2e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers.
573 1CO 12 1 i3k7 figs-doublenegatives οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν 1 I do not want you to be uninformed This can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
574 1CO 12 2 hbt8 figs-metaphor ἦτε, πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε, ἀπαγόμενοι 1 you were led astray to idols who could not speak, in whatever ways you were led by them Here “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. Being led astray to idols represents being wrongly persuaded to worship idols. The phrases “were led astray” and “you were led by them” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you were persuaded in some way to worship idols who cannot speak” or “you believed lies somehow and so you worshiped idols who cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
575 1CO 12 3 zg4j οὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει 1 no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say Possible meanings are 1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say” or 2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.” Possible meanings are (1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say” or (2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
576 1CO 12 3 jak6 ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus is accursed “God will punish Jesus” or “God will make Jesus suffer”
577 1CO 12 6 eth3 ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν 1 who is working all things in everyone “causes everyone to have them”
578 1CO 12 7 x7mv figs-activepassive ἑκάστῳ…δίδοται 1 to each one is given This can be stated in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](../12/06.md)). Alternate translation: “God gives to each one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
591 1CO 12 10 c14y ἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν 1 the interpretation of tongues This is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. Alternate translation: “the ability to interpret what is said in other languages”
592 1CO 12 11 z383 τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα 1 one and the same Spirit God gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md).
593 1CO 12 12 j3xl 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity.
594 1CO 12 13 g8uk figs-activepassive γὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν 1 For by one Spirit we were all baptized Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, “For one Spirit baptized us” or 2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, “For one Spirit baptized us” or (2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
595 1CO 12 13 r9hm figs-metonymy εἴτε…δοῦλοι, εἴτε ἐλεύθεροι 1 whether bound or free “Bound” here is a metonym for “slaves.” Alternate translation: “whether slave-people or free-people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
596 1CO 12 13 r5kw figs-activepassive πάντες ἓν Πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν 1 all were made to drink of one Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
597 1CO 12 17 rsl6 figs-rquestion ποῦ ἡ ἀκοή?…ποῦ ἡ ὄσφρησις? 1 where would the sense of hearing be?…where would the sense of smell be? This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “you could not hear anything…you could not smell anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
603 1CO 12 25 z4kk μὴ ᾖ σχίσμα ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἀλλὰ 1 there may be no division within the body, but “the body may be unified, and”
604 1CO 12 26 da97 figs-activepassive δοξάζεται μέλος 1 one member is honored This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone gives honor to one member” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
605 1CO 12 27 z2ct ὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε 1 Now you are Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
606 1CO 12 28 ll3s πρῶτον ἀποστόλους 1 first apostles Possible meanings are 1) “the first gift I will mention is apostles” or 2) “the most important gift is apostles.” Possible meanings are (1) “the first gift I will mention is apostles” or (2) “the most important gift is apostles.”
607 1CO 12 28 unh1 ἀντιλήμψεις 1 those who provide helps “those who provide help to other believers”
608 1CO 12 28 l6p1 κυβερνήσεις 1 those who do the work of administration “those who govern the church”
609 1CO 12 28 w726 κυβερνήσεις 1 those who have various kinds of tongues an individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language
612 1CO 12 30 q8ht figs-rquestion μὴ πάντες γλώσσαις λαλοῦσιν? 1 Do all of them speak with tongues? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them speak with tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
613 1CO 12 30 d3k8 figs-rquestion μὴ πάντες διερμηνεύουσιν? 1 Do all of them interpret tongues? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them interpret tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
614 1CO 12 30 ab9e διερμηνεύουσιν 1 interpret This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
615 1CO 12 31 vb1m ζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Possible meanings are 1) “You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church.” or 2) “You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have.” Possible meanings are (1) “You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church.” or (2) “You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have.”
616 1CO 13 intro abcg 0 # 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul seems to interrupt his teaching about spiritual gifts. However, this chapter probably serves a larger function in his teaching.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Love<br><br>Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter fully describes love. Paul tells why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Paul uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Readers often need spiritual discernment to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
617 1CO 13 1 n8lm 0 Connecting Statement: Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important.
618 1CO 13 1 cm2n figs-hyperbole ταῖς γλώσσαις…τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the tongues of…angels Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or (2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
619 1CO 13 1 k2gk figs-metaphor γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἢ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον 1 I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
620 1CO 13 1 krt1 translate-unknown χαλκὸς 1 gong a large, thin, round metal plate that is hit with a padded stick to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
621 1CO 13 1 qbx6 translate-unknown κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον 1 a clanging cymbal two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
627 1CO 13 6 tpz6 figs-doublenegatives οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συνχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truth This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It rejoices only in righteousness and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
628 1CO 13 7 vf6x figs-personification 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
629 1CO 13 12 bn3h βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι 1 For now we see indirectly in a mirror Mirrors in Paul’s day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection.
630 1CO 13 12 w2eu βλέπομεν…ἄρτι 1 now we see Possible meanings are 1) “now we see Christ” or 2) “now we see God.” Possible meanings are (1) “now we see Christ” or (2) “now we see God.”
631 1CO 13 12 xx1g figs-ellipsis τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον 1 but then face to face “but then we will see Christ face to face” This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
632 1CO 13 12 qp7g figs-ellipsis ἐπιγνώσομαι 1 I will know fully The word “Christ” is understood. Alternate translation: “I will know Christ fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
633 1CO 13 12 i28w figs-activepassive καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην 1 just as I have also been fully known This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “just as Christ has known me fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
654 1CO 14 15 fi2f τῷ νοΐ 1 with my mind “with words that I understand”
655 1CO 14 16 niu5 figs-you εὐλογῇς…τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ…λέγεις 1 you praise God…you are giving thanks…you are saying Though “you” is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
656 1CO 14 16 r4w5 figs-rquestion πῶς ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν…οὐκ οἶδεν? 1 how will the outsider say “Amen”…saying? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “the outsider will never be able to say ‘Amen’…saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
657 1CO 14 16 j3e3 τοῦ ἰδιώτου 1 the ungifted Possible meanings are 1) “another person” or 2) “people who are new to your group.” Possible meanings are (1) “another person” or (2) “people who are new to your group.”
658 1CO 14 16 ev63 figs-synecdoche ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν 1 say “Amen” “be able to agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
659 1CO 14 17 a7wr figs-you σὺ μὲν…εὐχαριστεῖς 1 you certainly give Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
660 1CO 14 17 w25k figs-metaphor ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται 1 the other person is not built up Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “the other person is not strengthened” or “what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
674 1CO 14 27 wc1z καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος 1 and each one in turn “and they should speak one after another” or “and they should speak one at a time”
675 1CO 14 27 zh9z figs-activepassive διερμηνευέτω 1 must interpret This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “interpret what they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
676 1CO 14 27 ari2 διερμηνευέτω 1 must interpret This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
677 1CO 14 29 a9iz προφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν 1 Let two or three prophets speak Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or 2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time. Possible meanings are (1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or (2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time.
678 1CO 14 29 m5l8 figs-activepassive προφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν 1 to what is said This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
679 1CO 14 30 sl1q figs-activepassive ἐὰν…ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ 1 if a revelation is given to another This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if God gives someone insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
680 1CO 14 31 xr69 καθ’ ἕνα…προφητεύειν 1 prophesy one by one Only one person should prophesy at a time.
681 1CO 14 31 nrq1 figs-activepassive πάντες…παρακαλῶνται 1 all may be encouraged This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you may encourage all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
682 1CO 14 33 my65 οὐ…ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας ὁ Θεὸς 1 God is not a God of confusion God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time.
683 1CO 14 34 gjv2 σιγάτωσαν 1 let be silent Possible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service. Possible meanings are (1) stop speaking, (2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or (3) be absolutely silent during the church service.
684 1CO 14 36 h8lp figs-rquestion ἢ ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν, ἢ εἰς ὑμᾶς μόνους κατήντησεν? 1 Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached? Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. Alternate translation: “The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God’s will.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
685 1CO 14 36 mj6b figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God “Word of God” here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
686 1CO 14 37 ab6u ἐπιγινωσκέτω 1 he should acknowledge A true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Paul’s writings as coming from the Lord.
693 1CO 15 1 xv53 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ…ἑστήκατε 1 on which you stand Paul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
694 1CO 15 2 xh29 figs-activepassive σῴζεσθε 1 you are being saved This can be stated in active form. “God will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
695 1CO 15 2 le2k τίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν 1 the word I preached to you “the message I preached to you”
696 1CO 15 3 sp4p ἐν πρώτοις 1 as of first importance Possible meanings are 1) as the most important of many things or 2) as the first in time . Possible meanings are (1) as the most important of many things or (2) as the first in time .
697 1CO 15 3 azw6 ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν 1 for our sins “to pay for our sins” or “so that God could forgive our sins”
698 1CO 15 3 inj2 κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς 1 according to the scriptures Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament.
699 1CO 15 4 wa7m figs-activepassive ἐτάφη 1 he was buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
707 1CO 15 8 vg7t figs-idiom τῷ ἐκτρώματι 1 a child born at the wrong time This is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus’ three-year-long ministry. Alternate translation: “someone who missed the experiences of the others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
708 1CO 15 10 xiq6 χάριτι…Θεοῦ, εἰμι ὅ εἰμι 1 by the grace of God I am what I am God’s grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now.
709 1CO 15 10 n45h figs-litotes ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη 1 his grace in me was not in vain Paul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. Alternate translation: “because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
710 1CO 15 10 xh95 figs-metaphor ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 the grace of God that is with me Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or 2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or (2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
711 1CO 15 12 ub2p figs-rquestion πῶς λέγουσιν ἐν ὑμῖν τινες, ὅτι ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν? 1 how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead? Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. Alternate translation: “you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
712 1CO 15 12 jbi8 ἐγήγερται 1 raised made alive again
713 1CO 15 13 cn2m figs-hypo εἰ…ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται 1 if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised Paul is using a hypothetical case to argue that there is a resurrection of the dead. He knows that Christ has been raised and so infers that there is a resurrection. To say that there is no resurrection is to say that Christ has not been raised, but this is false because Paul has seen the resurrected Christ ([1 Corinthians 15:8](../15/08.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
744 1CO 15 31 znl3 figs-explicit τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν, ἀδελφοί, ἣν ἔχω ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν 1 my boasting in you, brothers, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord Paul boasted in them because of what Christ Jesus had done for them. Alternate translation: “my boasting in you, which I do because of what Christ Jesus our Lord has done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
745 1CO 15 31 p3ym τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν 1 my boasting in you “the way I tell other people how good you are”
746 1CO 15 32 q6mb figs-rquestion εἰ…ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ…τί μοι τὸ ὄφελος…οὐκ ἐγείρονται 1 What do I gain…if I fought with beasts at Ephesus…not raised Paul wants the Corinthians to understand without him having to tell them. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “I gained nothing…by fighting with beasts at Ephesus…not raised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
747 1CO 15 32 lm3v figs-metaphor ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ 1 I fought with beasts at Ephesus Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or 2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are (1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or (2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
748 1CO 15 32 c36a φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν, αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκομεν 1 Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can, for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope.
749 1CO 15 33 q7uc φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί 1 Bad company corrupts good morals If you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying.
750 1CO 15 34 gr3v ἐκνήψατε 1 Sober up “You must think seriously about this”
751 1CO 15 35 w4hk 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers’ bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ.
752 1CO 15 35 hw4a figs-rquestion ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται? 1 But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?” Possible meanings are 1) The person is asking sincerely or 2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) The person is asking sincerely or (2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
753 1CO 15 35 ty4t ἐρεῖ τις 1 someone will say “someone will ask”
754 1CO 15 35 e5lv ποίῳ…σώματι ἔρχονται 1 with what kind of body will they come That is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask.
755 1CO 15 36 ha84 figs-you ἄφρων! σὺ ὃ σπείρεις 1 You are so foolish! What you sow Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of “you” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
759 1CO 15 37 h6zi figs-you ὃ σπείρεις 1 What you sow Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
760 1CO 15 38 dmx1 ὁ…Θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα, καθὼς ἠθέλησεν 1 God will give it a body as he chooses “God will decide what kind of body it will have”
761 1CO 15 39 qi8y σὰρξ 1 flesh In the context of animals, “flesh” may be translated as “body,” “skin,” or “meat.”
762 1CO 15 40 d9k2 σώματα ἐπουράνια 1 heavenly bodies Possible meanings are 1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings. Possible meanings are (1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or (2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
763 1CO 15 40 k9pg σώματα ἐπίγεια 1 earthly bodies This refers to humans.
764 1CO 15 40 qg3p ἑτέρα μὲν ἡ τῶν ἐπουρανίων δόξα, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ τῶν ἐπιγείων 1 the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another “the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies”
765 1CO 15 40 j1kb δόξα 1 glory Here “glory” refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky.
776 1CO 15 48 s9pn οἱ…ἐπουράνιοι 1 those who are of heaven “those who belong to God”
777 1CO 15 49 mq8z ἐφορέσαμεν τὴν εἰκόνα…φορέσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα 1 have borne the image…will also bear the image “have been just like…will also be just like”
778 1CO 15 50 jub2 0 Connecting Statement: Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christ’s victory.
779 1CO 15 50 mwy3 figs-parallelism σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ 1 flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable Possible meanings are 1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” or 2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Possible meanings are (1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” or (2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
780 1CO 15 50 nz7s figs-metaphor σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα 1 flesh and blood Those who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
781 1CO 15 50 e4gd figs-metaphor κληρονομῆσαι 1 inherit Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782 1CO 15 50 b9hc ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν 1 the perishable…the imperishable “can rot…cannot rot.” See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
803 1CO 16 1 zh6u 0 Connecting Statement: In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul.
804 1CO 16 1 yer5 εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 1 for the saints Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea.
805 1CO 16 1 kh6h ὥσπερ διέταξα 1 as I directed “as I gave specific instructions”
806 1CO 16 2 h8n9 θησαυρίζων 1 storing up Possible meanings are: 1) “keep it at home” or 2) “leave it with the church” Possible meanings are: (1) “keep it at home” or (2) “leave it with the church”
807 1CO 16 2 wc3w ἵνα μὴ ὅταν ἔλθω, τότε λογεῖαι γίνωνται 1 so that there will be no collections when I come “so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you”
808 1CO 16 3 yj6c οὓς ἐὰν δοκιμάσητε 1 whomever you approve Paul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. “whomever you choose” or “the people you appoint”
809 1CO 16 3 j612 δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω 1 I will send with letters Possible meanings are 1) “I will send with letters that I will write” or 2) “I will send with letters that you will write.” Possible meanings are (1) “I will send with letters that I will write” or (2) “I will send with letters that you will write.”
810 1CO 16 6 w94k ὑμεῖς με προπέμψητε, οὗ ἐὰν πορεύωμαι 1 you may help me on my way, wherever I go This means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel.
811 1CO 16 7 xr88 οὐ θέλω…ὑμᾶς ἄρτι…ἰδεῖν 1 I do not wish to see you now Paul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon.
812 1CO 16 8 qkw9 τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς 1 Pentecost Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November.
816 1CO 16 12 is6j figs-inclusive Ἀπολλῶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 our brother Apollos Here the word “our” refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
817 1CO 16 13 p2la figs-parallelism γρηγορεῖτε, στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει, ἀνδρίζεσθε, κραταιοῦσθε 1 Stay alert; stand firm in the faith; act like men; be strong Paul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
818 1CO 16 13 ng8n figs-metaphor γρηγορεῖτε 1 Stay alert Paul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “Be careful whom you trust” or “Watch out for danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
819 1CO 16 13 uys8 figs-metaphor στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 stand firm in the faith Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are 1) “keep strongly believing what we have taught you” or 2) “keep strongly trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are (1) “keep strongly believing what we have taught you” or (2) “keep strongly trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
820 1CO 16 13 a3fs figs-metaphor ἀνδρίζεσθε 1 act like men In the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “be responsible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821 1CO 16 14 rij5 πάντα ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ γινέσθω 1 Let all that you do be done in love “Everything you do should show people that you love them”
822 1CO 16 15 fy4e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself.

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@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 1 3 px2q figs-activepassive εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 1 3 k7dl ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ 1 the God and Father “God, who is the Father”
2CO 1 3 pg4a figs-parallelism ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως 1 the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort These two phrases express the same idea in two different ways. Both phrases refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2CO 1 3 blv4 ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως 1 the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort Possible meanings are 1) that the words “mercies” and “all comfort” describe the character of “Father” and “God” or 2) that the words “Father” and “God” refer to one who is the source of “mercies” and “all comfort.”
2CO 1 3 blv4 ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως 1 the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort Possible meanings are (1) that the words “mercies” and “all comfort” describe the character of “Father” and “God” or (2) that the words “Father” and “God” refer to one who is the source of “mercies” and “all comfort.”
2CO 1 4 n2lc figs-inclusive παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν 1 comforts us in all our affliction Here “us” and “our” include the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2CO 1 5 nn5a figs-metaphor ὅτι καθὼς περισσεύει τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς ἡμᾶς 1 For just as the sufferings of Christ abound toward us Paul speaks of Christ’s sufferings as if they were objects that could increase in number. Alternate translation: “For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 1 5 i254 τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the sufferings of Christ Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ or 2) that this refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf.
2CO 1 5 i254 τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the sufferings of Christ Possible meanings are (1) that this refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ or (2) that this refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf.
2CO 1 5 tg9w figs-metaphor περισσεύει…ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν 1 our comfort abounds Paul speaks of comfort as if it were an object that could increase in size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 1 6 y9bi figs-exclusive εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα 1 But if we are afflicted Here the word “we” refers to Paul and Timothy, but not to the Corinthians. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if people afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 1 6 wyj4 figs-activepassive εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα 1 if we are comforted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if God comforts us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 1 19 hd2t guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ…Υἱὸς 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
2CO 1 20 h2xc figs-explicit ὅσαι…ἐπαγγελίαι Θεοῦ, ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ ναί 1 all the promises of God are “Yes” in him This means that Jesus guarantees all of God’s promises. Alternate translation: “all the promises of God are guaranteed in Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 1 20 h4uv ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ ναί…δι’ αὐτοῦ…δι’ ἡμῶν 1 “Yes” in him…through him we say The word “him” refers to Jesus Christ.
2CO 1 21 d3s3 ὁ δὲ βεβαιῶν ἡμᾶς σὺν ὑμῖν εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ χρίσας ἡμᾶς Θεός 1 Now God is the one who establishes us with you Possible meanings are 1) “God who confirms our relationship with each other because we are in Christ” or 2) “God who confirms both our and your relationship with Christ.”
2CO 1 21 tjc6 χρίσας ἡμᾶς 1 he anointed us Possible meanings are 1) “he sent us to preach the gospel” or 2) “he chose us to be his people.”
2CO 1 21 d3s3 ὁ δὲ βεβαιῶν ἡμᾶς σὺν ὑμῖν εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ χρίσας ἡμᾶς Θεός 1 Now God is the one who establishes us with you Possible meanings are (1) “God who confirms our relationship with each other because we are in Christ” or (2) “God who confirms both our and your relationship with Christ.”
2CO 1 21 tjc6 χρίσας ἡμᾶς 1 he anointed us Possible meanings are (1) “he sent us to preach the gospel” or (2) “he chose us to be his people.”
2CO 1 22 z43l figs-metaphor ὁ καὶ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶς 1 the one who also sealed us Paul speaks of God showing that we belong to him as if God had put a mark on us as a sign that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “he has put his mark of ownership on us” or “he has shown that we belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 1 22 xe98 figs-metonymy δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 he gave us the pledge of the Spirit in our hearts Here the word “hearts” refers to the innermost part of a person. Alternate translation: “gave us the Spirit to live within each of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 1 22 jcv7 figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 the pledge of the Spirit The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -71,25 +71,25 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 2 7 vpx1 figs-activepassive μή…τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ, καταποθῇ 1 he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “too much sorrow does not overwhelm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 2 8 r916 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the church in Corinth to show love and to forgive the person they have punished. He writes that he, also, has forgiven him.
2CO 2 8 yi2z κυρῶσαι εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην 1 publicly affirm your love for him This means that they are to confirm their love for this man in the presence of all of the believers.
2CO 2 9 xw5t figs-explicit εἰς πάντα ὑπήκοοί ἐστε 1 you are obedient in everything Possible meanings are 1) “you are obedient to God in everything” or 2) “you are obedient in everything that I have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 2 9 xw5t figs-explicit εἰς πάντα ὑπήκοοί ἐστε 1 you are obedient in everything Possible meanings are (1) “you are obedient to God in everything” or (2) “you are obedient in everything that I have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 2 10 lzp6 figs-activepassive δι’ ὑμᾶς 1 it is forgiven for your sake This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven it for your sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 2 10 cbm6 δι’ ὑμᾶς 1 forgiven for your sake Possible meanings are 1) “forgiven out of my love for you” or 2) “forgiven for your benefit.”
2CO 2 10 cbm6 δι’ ὑμᾶς 1 forgiven for your sake Possible meanings are (1) “forgiven out of my love for you” or (2) “forgiven for your benefit.”
2CO 2 11 m46t figs-litotes οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν 1 For we are not ignorant of his plans Paul uses a negative expression to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “For we know his plans well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2CO 2 12 l6vd 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the believers in Corinth by telling them of the opportunities he has had to preach the gospel in Troas and Macedonia.
2CO 2 12 a1ti figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 a door for the gospel of Christ was opened to me in the Lord Paul speaks of his opportunity to preach the gospel as if it were a door through which he was allowed to walk. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord opened a door to me…to preach the gospel” or “The Lord gave me the opportunity…to preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 2 13 rjy9 οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πνεύματί μου 1 I had no relief in my spirit “My mind was troubled” or “I was worried”
2CO 2 13 xd5h Τίτον τὸν ἀδελφόν μου 1 my brother Titus Paul speaks of Titus as his spiritual brother.
2CO 2 13 wq6j ἀλλὰ ἀποταξάμενος αὐτοῖς 1 So I left them “So I left the people of Troas”
2CO 2 14 gpd2 figs-metaphor τῷ…Θεῷ…τῷ πάντοτε θριαμβεύοντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ 1 God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph Paul speaks of God as if he were a victorious general leading a victory parade and of himself and his coworkers as those who take part in that parade. Possible meanings are 1) “God, who in Christ always causes us to share in his triumph” or 2) “God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph as those over whom he as gained victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 2 14 gpd2 figs-metaphor τῷ…Θεῷ…τῷ πάντοτε θριαμβεύοντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ 1 God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph Paul speaks of God as if he were a victorious general leading a victory parade and of himself and his coworkers as those who take part in that parade. Possible meanings are (1) “God, who in Christ always causes us to share in his triumph” or (2) “God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph as those over whom he as gained victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 2 14 l1nr figs-metaphor τὴν ὀσμὴν τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ, φανεροῦντι δι’ ἡμῶν ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ 1 Through us he spreads the sweet aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. Alternate translation: “He causes the knowledge of Christ to spread to everyone who hears us, just as the sweet smell of burning incense spreads to everyone near it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 2 14 eq21 φανεροῦντι…ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ 1 he spreads…everywhere “he spreads…everywhere we go”
2CO 2 15 x6nn figs-metaphor Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ 1 we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ Paul speaks of his ministry as if it were a burnt offering that someone offers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 2 15 b1k1 Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ 1 the sweet aroma of Christ Possible meanings are 1) “the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ” or 2) “the sweet aroma that Christ offers.”
2CO 2 15 b1k1 Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ 1 the sweet aroma of Christ Possible meanings are (1) “the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ” or (2) “the sweet aroma that Christ offers.”
2CO 2 15 itc8 figs-activepassive τοῖς σῳζομένοις 1 those who are saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 2 16 dwk6 figs-metaphor ὀσμὴ 1 an aroma “the knowledge of Christ is an aroma.” This refers back to [2 Corinthians 2:14](../02/14.md), where Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 2 16 ud2u figs-doublet ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον 1 an aroma from death to death Possible meanings are 1) that the word “death” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death” or 2) “an aroma of death that causes people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CO 2 16 ud2u figs-doublet ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον 1 an aroma from death to death Possible meanings are (1) that the word “death” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death” or (2) “an aroma of death that causes people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CO 2 16 v2n3 figs-activepassive οἷς 1 to the other This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ones whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 2 16 cdr3 figs-doublet ὀσμὴ ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν 1 a fragrance from life to life Possible meanings are 1) that the word “life” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life” or 2) “an aroma of life that gives people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CO 2 16 cdr3 figs-doublet ὀσμὴ ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν 1 a fragrance from life to life Possible meanings are (1) that the word “life” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life” or (2) “an aroma of life that gives people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CO 2 16 be6x figs-rquestion πρὸς ταῦτα τίς ἱκανός? 1 who is worthy of these things? Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is worthy to do the ministry that God has called them to do. Alternate translation: “No one is worthy of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CO 2 17 a5sa figs-metonymy καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 who sell the word of God “Word” here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “who sell God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 2 17 x86y εἰλικρινείας 1 sincerity “pure motives”
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 3 1 y8yc figs-rquestion ἢ μὴ χρῄζομεν, ὥς τινες, συστατικῶν ἐπιστολῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἢ ἐξ ὑμῶν? 1 We do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people, do we? Paul says this to express that the Corinthians already know about Paul and Timothy’s good reputation. The question prompts a negative answer. Alternate translation: “We certainly do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CO 3 1 ad1u συστατικῶν ἐπιστολῶν 1 letters of recommendation This is a letter that a person writes to introduce and give their approval of someone else.
2CO 3 2 ty59 figs-metaphor ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἡμῶν ὑμεῖς ἐστε 1 You yourselves are our letter of recommendation Paul speaks of the Corinthians as if they are a letter of recommendation. That they have become believers serves to validate Paul’s ministry to others. Alternate translation: “You yourselves are like our letter of recommendation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 3 2 v2e7 figs-metonymy ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 written on our hearts Here the word “hearts” refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 3 2 v2e7 figs-metonymy ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 written on our hearts Here the word “hearts” refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are (1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or (2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 3 2 bu1u figs-activepassive ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 written on our hearts This can be stated in active form with “Christ” as the implied subject. Alternate translation: “which Christ has written on our hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 3 2 dr5k figs-activepassive γινωσκομένη καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένη ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων 1 known and read by all people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that all people can know and read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 3 3 s717 figs-metaphor ἐστὲ ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ 1 you are a letter from Christ Paul clarifies that Christ is the one who has written the letter. Alternate translation: “you are a letter that Christ has written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 4 9 uvq1 figs-activepassive καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι 1 We are struck down but not destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People strike us down but do not destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 4 9 z8np καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι 1 We are struck down “We are hurt badly”
2CO 4 10 zt4b figs-metaphor πάντοτε τὴν νέκρωσιν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέροντες 1 We always carry in our body the death of Jesus Paul speaks of his sufferings as if they are an experience of the death of Jesus. Alternate translation: “We are often in danger of dying, as Jesus died” or “We always suffer in such a way that we experience the death of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 4 10 l6f6 ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ 1 the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies Possible meanings are 1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or 2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.”
2CO 4 10 l6f6 ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ 1 the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies Possible meanings are (1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or (2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.”
2CO 4 10 w3jc figs-activepassive ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ 1 the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “other people may see the life of Jesus in our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 4 11 ht74 figs-metaphor ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς, οἱ ζῶντες, εἰς θάνατον παραδιδόμεθα διὰ Ἰησοῦν 1 For we who are alive are always being handed over to death for the sake of Jesus Carrying the death of Jesus represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. Alternate translation: “For those of us who are alive, God is always leading us to face death because we are joined to Jesus” or “People are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 4 11 d1wm ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν 1 so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh God wants Jesus’ life be shown in us. Possible meanings are 1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or 2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.” See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md).
2CO 4 11 d1wm ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν 1 so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh God wants Jesus’ life be shown in us. Possible meanings are (1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or (2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.” See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md).
2CO 4 11 ww5r figs-activepassive ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν 1 so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 4 12 q3il figs-personification ὁ θάνατος ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖται, ἡ δὲ ζωὴ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 death is at work in us, but life is at work in you Paul speaks of death and life as if they are persons who can work. This means that they are always in danger of physical death so that the Corinthians can have spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2CO 4 13 ret6 τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως 1 the same spirit of faith “the same attitude of faith.” Here the word “spirit” refers a person’s attitude and temperament.
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 5 4 de2b figs-metaphor ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς 1 so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life Paul speaks of life as if it were an animal that eats “what is mortal.” The physical body that will die will be replaced by a resurrection body that will live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 5 4 e5zi figs-activepassive ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς 1 so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that life may swallow up what is mortal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 5 5 g7yj figs-metaphor ὁ δοὺς ἡμῖν τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 who gave us the Spirit as the down payment The Spirit is spoken of as if he were a partial down payment toward eternal life. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 5 6 clh5 0 Connecting Statement: Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because 1) believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ and 2) because of love for Christ who died for believers.
2CO 5 6 clh5 0 Connecting Statement: Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because (1) believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ and (2) because of love for Christ who died for believers.
2CO 5 6 xv3m figs-metaphor ἐνδημοῦντες ἐν τῷ σώματι 1 being at home in the body Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a place where a person dwells. Alternate translation: “while we are living in this earthly body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 5 6 ebl4 ἐκδημοῦμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου 1 we are away from the Lord “we are not at home with the Lord” or “we are not in heaven with the Lord”
2CO 5 7 rfn4 figs-metaphor διὰ πίστεως…περιπατοῦμεν, οὐ διὰ εἴδους 1 we walk by faith, not by sight Here “walk” is a metaphor for “live” or “behave.” Alternate translation: “we live according to faith, not according to what we see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -235,16 +235,16 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 5 10 v8sl figs-activepassive τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος 1 the things done in the body This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things he has done in the physical body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 5 10 lsh8 εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε κακὸν 1 whether for good or for bad “whether those things were good or bad”
2CO 5 11 dzh5 εἰδότες…τὸν φόβον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 knowing the fear of the Lord “knowing what it means to fear the Lord”
2CO 5 11 qm34 figs-explicit ἀνθρώπους πείθομεν 1 we persuade people Possible meanings are 1) “we persuade people of the truth of the gospel” or 2) “we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 5 11 qm34 figs-explicit ἀνθρώπους πείθομεν 1 we persuade people Possible meanings are (1) “we persuade people of the truth of the gospel” or (2) “we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 5 11 v11v figs-activepassive Θεῷ…πεφανερώμεθα 1 What we are is clearly seen by God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God clearly sees what kind of people we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 5 11 y5l1 καὶ ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσιν ὑμῶν πεφανερῶσθαι 1 that it is also clear to your conscience “that you are also convinced of it”
2CO 5 12 mza1 ἵνα ἔχητε 1 so you may have an answer “so you may have something to say to”
2CO 5 12 it2r figs-metonymy τοὺς ἐν προσώπῳ καυχωμένους, καὶ μὴ ἐν καρδίᾳ 1 those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart Here the word “appearances” refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word “heart” refers to the inward character of a person. Alternate translation: “those who praise their own actions, but do not care about what they really are in their inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 5 13 cy57 figs-idiom εἴτε…ἐξέστημεν…εἴτε σωφρονοῦμεν 1 if we are out of our minds…if we are in our right minds Paul is speaking about the way others think of him and his coworkers. Alternate translation: “if people think we are crazy…if people think we are sane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CO 5 14 azi9 ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the love of Christ Possible meanings are 1) “Our love for Christ” or 2) “Christ’s love for us.”
2CO 5 14 azi9 ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the love of Christ Possible meanings are (1) “Our love for Christ” or (2) “Christ’s love for us.”
2CO 5 14 nd9g ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν 1 died for all “died for all people”
2CO 5 15 h831 τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντι καὶ ἐγερθέντι 1 him who for their sake died and was raised “him who for their sake died and whom God caused to live again” or “Christ, who died for their sake and whom God raised”
2CO 5 15 ri6f ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν 1 for them Possible meanings are 1) these words refer only to “died” or 2) these words refer to both “died” and “was raised.”
2CO 5 15 ri6f ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν 1 for them Possible meanings are (1) these words refer only to “died” or (2) these words refer to both “died” and “was raised.”
2CO 5 16 f2ww 0 Connecting Statement: Because of Christ’s love and death, we are not to judge by human standards. We are appointed to teach others how to be united with and have peace with God through Christ’s death and receive God’s righteousness through Christ.
2CO 5 16 ic21 ὥστε 1 For this reason This refers to what Paul has just said about living for Christ instead of living for self.
2CO 5 17 tl3h figs-metaphor καινὴ κτίσις 1 he is a new creation Paul speaks of the person who believes in Christ as if God had created a new person. Alternate translation: “he is a new person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 6 7 p5l5 ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ 1 in the power of God “by showing God’s power to people”
2CO 6 7 ven8 figs-metaphor διὰ τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 through the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and for the left Paul speaks of their righteousness as if it is weapons that they use to fight spiritual battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 6 7 ef5b τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the weapons of righteousness “righteousness as our armor” or “righteousness as our weapons”
2CO 6 7 ijr2 τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 for the right hand and for the left Possible meanings are 1) that there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other or 2) that they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction.
2CO 6 7 ijr2 τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 for the right hand and for the left Possible meanings are (1) that there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other or (2) that they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction.
2CO 6 8 zi7d figs-merism 0 General Information: Paul lists several extremes of how people think about him and his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2CO 6 8 e4pf figs-activepassive ὡς πλάνοι 1 as imposters This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People accuse us of being deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 6 9 fcb5 figs-activepassive ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι 1 as if we were unknown and we are still well known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 7 5 f3c5 figs-exclusive ἐλθόντων ἡμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίαν 1 When we came to Macedonia Here the word “we” refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Corinthians or Titus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2CO 7 5 c8ju figs-synecdoche οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν ἡ σὰρξ ἡμῶν 1 our flesh had no rest Here “bodies” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we had no rest” or “we were very tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CO 7 5 h3cv figs-activepassive ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι 1 we were troubled in every way This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we experienced trouble in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 7 5 i4wr figs-explicit ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι 1 by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside Possible meanings for “outside” are 1) “outside of our bodies” or 2) “outside of the church.” The word “inside” refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 7 5 i4wr figs-explicit ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι 1 by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside Possible meanings for “outside” are (1) “outside of our bodies” or (2) “outside of the church.” The word “inside” refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 7 7 w7td figs-explicit ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει ᾗ παρεκλήθη ἐφ’ ὑμῖν 1 by the comfort that Titus had received from you Paul received comfort from knowing that the Corinthians had comforted Titus. Alternate translation: “by learning about the comfort that Titus had received from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 7 8 b2xj 0 General Information: This refers to Paul’s previous letter to these Corinthian believers where he rebuked them for their acceptance of a believer’s sexual immorality with his father’s wife.
2CO 7 8 jic5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul praises them for their godly sorrow, their zeal to do right, and the joy that it brought him and Titus.
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 7 9 kn5q figs-activepassive οὐχ ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε 0 not because you were distressed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “not because what I said in my letter distressed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 7 9 l6d2 figs-idiom ἐν μηδενὶ ζημιωθῆτε ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 you would not suffer loss in anything through us “you suffered no loss because we rebuked you.” This means that although the letter caused them sorrow, they eventually benefited from the letter because it led them to repentance. Alternate translation: “so that we did not harm you in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CO 7 10 dtm3 figs-ellipsis ἡ γὰρ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη, μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν 1 For the sorrow that God intends produces repentance that leads to salvation The word “repentance” may be repeated to clarify its relationship to what precedes it and what follows it. Alternate translation: “For godly sorrow produces repentance, and repentance leads to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2CO 7 10 lc4m ἀμεταμέλητον 1 without regret Possible meanings are 1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation or 2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation.
2CO 7 10 lc4m ἀμεταμέλητον 1 without regret Possible meanings are (1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation or (2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation.
2CO 7 10 lc1s figs-explicit ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη, θάνατον κατεργάζεται 1 But the sorrow of the world produces death This kind of sorrow leads to death instead of salvation because it does not produce repentance. Alternate translation: “Worldly sorrow, however, leads to spiritual death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CO 7 11 l24s ἰδοὺ γὰρ αὐτὸ τοῦτο 1 For see what this very same thing “Look and see for yourselves what great determination”
2CO 7 11 gpp2 figs-exclamations σπουδήν: ἀλλὰ ἀπολογίαν 1 what earnestness, what eagerness to defend yourselves Here the word “How” makes this statement an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your determination to prove you were innocent was very great!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 7 14 q5hg ἡ καύχησις ἡμῶν ἡ ἐπὶ Τίτου ἀλήθεια ἐγενήθη 1 our boasting about you to Titus proved to be true “you proved that our boasting about you to Titus was true”
2CO 7 15 d87j figs-abstractnouns τὴν πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπακοήν 1 the obedience of all of you This noun “obedience” can be stated with a verb, “obey.” Alternate translation: “how all of you obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CO 7 15 g9bz figs-doublet μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἐδέξασθε αὐτόν 1 you welcomed him with fear and trembling Here “fear” and “trembling” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “you welcomed him with great reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2CO 7 15 q47h μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 with fear and trembling Possible meanings are 1) “with great reverence for God” or 2) “with great reverence for Titus.”
2CO 7 15 q47h μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 with fear and trembling Possible meanings are (1) “with great reverence for God” or (2) “with great reverence for Titus.”
2CO 8 intro kl7m 0 # 2 Corinthians 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gift to the church in Jerusalem<br><br>The church in Corinth started preparing to give money to the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also had given generously. Paul sends Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem. They want people to know it is being done honestly.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### We<br><br>Paul likely uses the pronoun “we” to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. These words in verse 2 are a paradox: “the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity.” In verse 3 Paul explains how their poverty produced riches. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other paradoxes. ([2 Corinthians 8:2](./02.md))<br>
2CO 8 1 mm8g 0 Connecting Statement: Having explained his changed plans and his ministry direction, Paul talks about giving.
2CO 8 1 d1mj figs-activepassive τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δεδομένην ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Μακεδονίας 1 the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 9 12 esk7 figs-metaphor ἀλλὰ καὶ περισσεύουσα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστιῶν τῷ Θεῷ 1 but is also overflowing into many acts of thanksgiving to God Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers’ act of service as if it were a liquid of which there is more than a container can hold. Alternate translation: “It also causes many deeds for which people will thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 9 13 plj4 figs-activepassive διὰ τῆς δοκιμῆς τῆς διακονίας ταύτης 1 Because of the proof of this ministry This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because this service has tested and proven you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 9 13 ze14 δοξάζοντες τὸν Θεὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑποταγῇ τῆς ὁμολογίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἁπλότητι τῆς κοινωνίας εἰς αὐτοὺς καὶ εἰς πάντας 1 they glorify God for your obedience…the generosity of your sharing with them and with everyone Paul says that the Corinthians will glorify God both by being faithful to Jesus and by giving generously to other believers who have need.
2CO 9 15 es8c ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ αὐτοῦ δωρεᾷ 1 for his inexpressible gift “for his gift, which words cannot describe.” Possible meanings are 1) that this gift refers to “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous or 2) that this gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers.
2CO 9 15 es8c ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ αὐτοῦ δωρεᾷ 1 for his inexpressible gift “for his gift, which words cannot describe.” Possible meanings are (1) that this gift refers to “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous or (2) that this gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers.
2CO 10 intro abcd 0 # 2 Corinthians 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 17.<br><br>In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Boasting<br>“Boasting” is often thought of as bragging, which is not good. But in this letter “boasting” means confidently exulting or rejoicing.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>In verses 3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. He probably uses them as part of a larger metaphor about Christians being spiritually at war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br>
2CO 10 1 yc1g 0 Connecting Statement: Paul shifts the subject from giving to affirming his authority to teach as he does.
2CO 10 1 gq7j figs-abstractnouns διὰ τῆς πραΰτητος καὶ ἐπιεικείας τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 by the meekness and gentleness of Christ The word “humility” and “gentleness” are abstract nouns, and can be expressed in another way. Alternate translation: “I am humble and gentle as I do so, because Christ has made me that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -434,15 +434,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 10 2 ik1p figs-metonymy ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 1 as walking according to the flesh The word “flesh” is a metonym for sinful human nature. “we are acting from human motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 3 cvd6 figs-metonymy ἐν σαρκὶ…περιπατοῦντες 1 we walk in the flesh Here “walk” is an metaphor for “live” and “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “we live our lives in physical bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 10 3 k7h8 figs-metaphor οὐ…στρατευόμεθα 1 we do not wage war Paul speaks of his trying to persuade the Corinthians to believe him and not the false teachers as if he were fighting a physical war. These words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 10 3 gpd3 figs-metonymy κατὰ σάρκα στρατευόμεθα 1 wage war according to the flesh Possible meanings are 1) the word “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “fight against our enemies using physical weapons” or 2) the word “flesh” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “wage war in sinful ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 3 gpd3 figs-metonymy κατὰ σάρκα στρατευόμεθα 1 wage war according to the flesh Possible meanings are (1) the word “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “fight against our enemies using physical weapons” or (2) the word “flesh” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “wage war in sinful ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 4 uf5s figs-metaphor τὰ…ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν…λογισμοὺς καθαιροῦντες 1 the weapons we fight with…for pulling down arguments Paul speaks of godly wisdom showing human wisdom to be false as if it were a weapon with which he was destroying an enemy stronghold. Alternate translation: “the weapons we fight with…show people that what our enemies say is completely wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 10 4 d1gj figs-metonymy οὐ σαρκικὰ 1 are not fleshly Possible meanings are 1) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate translation: “are not physical” or 2) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “are not sinful” or “do not enable us to do wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 4 d1gj figs-metonymy οὐ σαρκικὰ 1 are not fleshly Possible meanings are (1) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate translation: “are not physical” or (2) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “are not sinful” or “do not enable us to do wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 5 xuz9 πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον 0 every high thing that rises up Paul is still speaking with the metaphor of a war, as if “the knowledge of God” were an army and “every high thing” were a wall that people had made to keep the army out. Alternate translation: “every false argument that proud people think of to protect themselves”
2CO 10 5 b74d πᾶν ὕψωμα 1 every high thing “everything that proud people do”
2CO 10 5 vm1a figs-metaphor ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 rises up against the knowledge of God Paul speaks of arguments as if they were a wall standing high against an army. The words “rises up” mean “stands tall,” not that the “high thing” is floating up into the air. Alternate translation: “people use so they will not have to know who God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 10 5 r2yz figs-metaphor αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 We take every thought captive into obedience to Christ Paul speaks of people’s thoughts as if they were enemy soldiers whom he captures in battle. Alternate translation: “We show how all the false ideas those people have are wrong and teach the people to obey Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 6 m4ds figs-metonymy ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν παρακοήν 1 to avenge every act of disobedience The words “act of disobedience” are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. Alternate translation: “punish every one of you who disobey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CO 10 7 y2yb figs-rquestion τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπετε 1 You are looking at the appearance of things Possible meanings are 1) this is a command or 2) this is a statement, “You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes.” Some think this is a rhetorical question that may also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?” or “You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CO 10 7 y2yb figs-rquestion τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπετε 1 You are looking at the appearance of things Possible meanings are (1) this is a command or (2) this is a statement, “You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes.” Some think this is a rhetorical question that may also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?” or “You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CO 10 7 z1t5 λογιζέσθω πάλιν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῦ 1 let him remind himself “he needs to remember”
2CO 10 7 f3i9 καθὼς αὐτὸς Χριστοῦ, οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς 1 that just as he is Christ’s, so also are we “that we belong to Christ just as much as he does”
2CO 10 8 d4zu figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν ὑμῶν 1 to build you up and not to destroy you Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. Alternate translation: “to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -541,14 +541,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 12 intro abcf 0 # 2 Corinthians 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul continues defending his authority in this chapter.<br><br>When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He had not ever taken anything from them. Now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not need to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Paul’s vision<br><br>Paul now defends his authority by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven. Although he speaks in the third person in verses 2-5, verse 7 indicates that he was the person who experienced the vision. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Third heaven<br>Many scholars believe the “third” heaven is the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture also uses “heaven” to refer to the sky (the “first” heaven) and the universe (the “second” heaven).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions as he defends himself against his enemies who accused him: “For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?” “Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?” and “Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### Sarcasm<br><br>Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, “Forgive me for this wrong!” He also uses regular irony when he says: “But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit.” He uses it to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in verse 5 is a paradox: “I will not boast, except about my weaknesses.” Most people do not boast about being weak. This sentence in verse 10 is also a paradox: “For whenever I am weak, then I am strong.” In verse 9, Paul explains why both of these statements are true. ([2 Corinthians 12:5](./05.md))<br>
2CO 12 1 iwn3 0 Connecting Statement: In defending his apostleship from God, Paul continues to state specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer.
2CO 12 1 iur3 ἐλεύσομαι 1 I will go on to “I will continue talking, but now about”
2CO 12 1 rb42 figs-hendiadys ὀπτασίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις Κυρίου 1 visions and revelations from the Lord Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses the words “visions” and “revelations” to mean the same thing in hendiadys for emphasis. Alternate translation: “things that the Lord has allowed only me to see” or 2) Paul is speaking of two different things. Alternate translation: “secret things that the Lord has let me see with my eyes and other secrets that he has told me about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2CO 12 1 rb42 figs-hendiadys ὀπτασίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις Κυρίου 1 visions and revelations from the Lord Possible meanings are (1) Paul uses the words “visions” and “revelations” to mean the same thing in hendiadys for emphasis. Alternate translation: “things that the Lord has allowed only me to see” or (2) Paul is speaking of two different things. Alternate translation: “secret things that the Lord has let me see with my eyes and other secrets that he has told me about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2CO 12 2 cz7u οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐν Χριστῷ 1 I know a man in Christ Paul is actually speaking of himself as if he were speaking of someone else, but this should be translated literally if possible.
2CO 12 2 fth2 εἴτε ἐν σώματι οὐκ οἶδα, εἴτε ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματος οὐκ οἶδα 1 whether in the body, I do not know, or out of the body, I do not know Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. “I do not know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body”
2CO 12 2 k4aw τρίτου οὐρανοῦ 1 the third heaven This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars, and the universe).
2CO 12 3 cju3 0 General Information: Paul continues to speak of himself as though he were speaking of someone else.
2CO 12 4 qv5h ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον 1 was caught up into paradise This continues Paul’s account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). It can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God took this man…into paradise” or 2) “an angel took this man…into paradise.” If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took…paradise” or “they took…paradise.”
2CO 12 4 qv5h ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον 1 was caught up into paradise This continues Paul’s account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). It can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God took this man…into paradise” or (2) “an angel took this man…into paradise.” If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took…paradise” or “they took…paradise.”
2CO 12 4 wm7y ἡρπάγη 1 caught up suddenly and forcefully held and taken
2CO 12 4 ic45 τὸν Παράδεισον 1 paradise Possible meanings are 1) heaven or 2) the third heaven or 3) a special place in heaven.
2CO 12 4 ic45 τὸν Παράδεισον 1 paradise Possible meanings are (1) heaven or (2) the third heaven or (3) a special place in heaven.
2CO 12 5 hpq6 τοῦ τοιούτου 1 of such a person “of that person”
2CO 12 5 i12f οὐ καυχήσομαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις 1 I will not boast, except about my weaknesses This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will boast only of my weaknesses”
2CO 12 6 vg13 0 Connecting Statement: As Paul defends his apostleship from God, he tells of the weakness that God gave him to keep him humble.
@ -563,8 +563,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 12 8 wc7r ὑπὲρ τούτου…τὸν Κύριον 1 Lord about this “Lord about this thorn in the flesh,” or “Lord about this affliction”
2CO 12 9 nr2j ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου 1 My grace is enough for you “I will be kind to you, and that is all you need”
2CO 12 9 cs63 ἡ γὰρ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται 1 for power is made perfect in weakness “for my power works best when you are weak”
2CO 12 9 g8mi figs-metaphor ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the power of Christ might reside on me Paul speaks of Christ’s power as if it were a tent built over him. Possible meanings are 1) “people might see that I have the power of Christ” or 2) “I might truly have the power of Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 12 10 pxf1 εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς, καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ 1 I am content for Christ’s sake in weaknesses, in insults, in troubles, in persecutions and distressing situations Possible meanings are 1) “I am content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ” or 2) “I am content in weakness…if these things cause more people to know Christ.”
2CO 12 9 g8mi figs-metaphor ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the power of Christ might reside on me Paul speaks of Christ’s power as if it were a tent built over him. Possible meanings are (1) “people might see that I have the power of Christ” or (2) “I might truly have the power of Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 12 10 pxf1 εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς, καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ 1 I am content for Christ’s sake in weaknesses, in insults, in troubles, in persecutions and distressing situations Possible meanings are (1) “I am content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ” or (2) “I am content in weakness…if these things cause more people to know Christ.”
2CO 12 10 s5sx ἐν ἀσθενείαις 1 in weaknesses “when I am weak”
2CO 12 10 xl8q ἐν ὕβρεσιν 1 in insults “when people try to make me angry by saying that I am a bad person”
2CO 12 10 hza1 ἐν ἀνάγκαις 1 in troubles “when I am suffering”
@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 12 11 a1ym γέγονα ἄφρων 1 I have become a fool “I am acting like a fool”
2CO 12 11 pzw1 ὑμεῖς με ἠναγκάσατε 1 You forced me to this “You forced me to talk this way”
2CO 12 11 v2lr figs-activepassive ἐγὼ…ὤφειλον ὑφ’ ὑμῶν συνίστασθαι 1 I should have been commended by you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it is praise that you should have given me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 12 11 f644 συνίστασθαι 1 commended Possible meanings are 1) “praise” ([2 Corinthians 3:1](../03/01.md)) or 2) “recommend” ([2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md)).
2CO 12 11 f644 συνίστασθαι 1 commended Possible meanings are (1) “praise” ([2 Corinthians 3:1](../03/01.md)) or (2) “recommend” ([2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md)).
2CO 12 11 h4d5 figs-litotes γὰρ ὑστέρησα 1 For I was not at all inferior By using the negative form, Paul is saying strongly that those Corinthians who think that he is inferior are wrong. Alternate translation: “For I am just as good as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2CO 12 11 s82x figs-irony τῶν ὑπέρ λίαν ἀποστόλων 1 super-apostles Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say they are. See how this is translated in [2 Corinthians 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2CO 12 12 kp5l figs-activepassive τὰ μὲν σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου κατειργάσθη 1 indeed the signs of an apostle were performed This can be stated in active form, with emphasis on the “signs.” Alternate translation: “It is the true signs of an apostle that I performed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -600,9 +600,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 12 19 vg3u figs-metaphor ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς 1 for your strengthening “to strengthen you.” Paul speaks of knowing how to obey God and desiring to obey him as if it were physical growth. Alternate translation: “so that you would know God and obey him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CO 12 20 cu6s οὐχ οἵους θέλω, εὕρω ὑμᾶς 1 I may not find you as I wish “I may not like what I find” or “I may not like what I see you doing”
2CO 12 20 zy6g κἀγὼ εὑρεθῶ ὑμῖν οἷον οὐ θέλετε 1 I may not be found by you as you wish “you might not like what you see in me”
2CO 12 20 rh1h figs-abstractnouns μή πως ἔρις, ζῆλος, θυμοί, ἐριθεῖαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι 1 there may be quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder The abstract nouns “quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder” can be translated using verbs. Possible meanings are 1) “some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, trying to take our places as leaders, speaking falsely about us, telling about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you” or 2) “some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, quarreling with each other over who will be the leader, speaking falsely about each other, telling about each other’s private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CO 12 20 rh1h figs-abstractnouns μή πως ἔρις, ζῆλος, θυμοί, ἐριθεῖαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι 1 there may be quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder The abstract nouns “quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder” can be translated using verbs. Possible meanings are (1) “some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, trying to take our places as leaders, speaking falsely about us, telling about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you” or (2) “some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, quarreling with each other over who will be the leader, speaking falsely about each other, telling about each other’s private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CO 12 21 ddw3 πενθήσω πολλοὺς τῶν προημαρτηκότων, 1 I might be grieved by many of those who have sinned “I will be grieved because many of them have not given up their old sins”
2CO 12 21 hq1e figs-parallelism μὴ μετανοησάντων ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, καὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 did not repent of the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence Possible meanings are 1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. Alternate translation: “did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced” or 2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2CO 12 21 hq1e figs-parallelism μὴ μετανοησάντων ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, καὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 did not repent of the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence Possible meanings are (1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. Alternate translation: “did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced” or (2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2CO 12 21 rh22 figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ 1 of the impurity The abstract noun impurity can be translated as “things that do not please God.” Alternate translation: “of secretly thinking about and desiring things that do not please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CO 12 21 rn6u figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ…πορνείᾳ 1 of the…sexual immorality The abstract noun “immorality” can be translated as “immoral deeds.” Alternate translation: “of doing sexually immoral deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CO 12 21 yyr5 figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ…ἀσελγείᾳ 1 of the…lustful indulgence The abstract noun “indulgence” can be translated using a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “of…doing things that satisfy immoral sexual desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CO 13 2 fxl6 τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν 1 all the rest “all you other people”
2CO 13 4 a1bf figs-activepassive ἐσταυρώθη 1 he was crucified This can be made active. Alternate translation: “they crucified him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CO 13 4 zeh1 ἀλλὰ ζήσομεν σὺν αὐτῷ ἐκ δυνάμεως Θεοῦ 1 but we will live with him by the power of God God gives us the power and ability to live life in and with him.
2CO 13 5 sbx4 ἐν ὑμῖν 1 in you Possible meanings are 1) living inside each individual or 2) “among you,” part of and the most important member of the group.
2CO 13 5 sbx4 ἐν ὑμῖν 1 in you Possible meanings are (1) living inside each individual or (2) “among you,” part of and the most important member of the group.
2CO 13 7 u75e figs-litotes μὴ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς κακὸν μηδέν 1 that you may not do any wrong “that you will not sin at all” or “that you will not refuse to listen to us when we correct you.” Paul is emphasizing the opposite with his statement. Alternate translation: “that you will do everything right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2CO 13 7 gt2e δόκιμοι 1 to have passed the test “to be great teachers and live the truth”
2CO 13 8 a3l7 οὐ…δυνάμεθά τι κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 we are not able to do anything against the truth “we are not able to keep people from learning the truth”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
9 2CO 1 3 px2q figs-activepassive εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10 2CO 1 3 k7dl ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ 1 the God and Father “God, who is the Father”
11 2CO 1 3 pg4a figs-parallelism ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως 1 the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort These two phrases express the same idea in two different ways. Both phrases refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
12 2CO 1 3 blv4 ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως 1 the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort Possible meanings are 1) that the words “mercies” and “all comfort” describe the character of “Father” and “God” or 2) that the words “Father” and “God” refer to one who is the source of “mercies” and “all comfort.” Possible meanings are (1) that the words “mercies” and “all comfort” describe the character of “Father” and “God” or (2) that the words “Father” and “God” refer to one who is the source of “mercies” and “all comfort.”
13 2CO 1 4 n2lc figs-inclusive παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν 1 comforts us in all our affliction Here “us” and “our” include the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
14 2CO 1 5 nn5a figs-metaphor ὅτι καθὼς περισσεύει τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς ἡμᾶς 1 For just as the sufferings of Christ abound toward us Paul speaks of Christ’s sufferings as if they were objects that could increase in number. Alternate translation: “For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15 2CO 1 5 i254 τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the sufferings of Christ Possible meanings are 1) that this refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ or 2) that this refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf. Possible meanings are (1) that this refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ or (2) that this refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf.
16 2CO 1 5 tg9w figs-metaphor περισσεύει…ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν 1 our comfort abounds Paul speaks of comfort as if it were an object that could increase in size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17 2CO 1 6 y9bi figs-exclusive εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα 1 But if we are afflicted Here the word “we” refers to Paul and Timothy, but not to the Corinthians. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if people afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18 2CO 1 6 wyj4 figs-activepassive εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα 1 if we are comforted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if God comforts us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
45 2CO 1 19 hd2t guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ…Υἱὸς 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
46 2CO 1 20 h2xc figs-explicit ὅσαι…ἐπαγγελίαι Θεοῦ, ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ ναί 1 all the promises of God are “Yes” in him This means that Jesus guarantees all of God’s promises. Alternate translation: “all the promises of God are guaranteed in Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
47 2CO 1 20 h4uv ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ ναί…δι’ αὐτοῦ…δι’ ἡμῶν 1 “Yes” in him…through him we say The word “him” refers to Jesus Christ.
48 2CO 1 21 d3s3 ὁ δὲ βεβαιῶν ἡμᾶς σὺν ὑμῖν εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ χρίσας ἡμᾶς Θεός 1 Now God is the one who establishes us with you Possible meanings are 1) “God who confirms our relationship with each other because we are in Christ” or 2) “God who confirms both our and your relationship with Christ.” Possible meanings are (1) “God who confirms our relationship with each other because we are in Christ” or (2) “God who confirms both our and your relationship with Christ.”
49 2CO 1 21 tjc6 χρίσας ἡμᾶς 1 he anointed us Possible meanings are 1) “he sent us to preach the gospel” or 2) “he chose us to be his people.” Possible meanings are (1) “he sent us to preach the gospel” or (2) “he chose us to be his people.”
50 2CO 1 22 z43l figs-metaphor ὁ καὶ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶς 1 the one who also sealed us Paul speaks of God showing that we belong to him as if God had put a mark on us as a sign that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “he has put his mark of ownership on us” or “he has shown that we belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51 2CO 1 22 xe98 figs-metonymy δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 he gave us the pledge of the Spirit in our hearts Here the word “hearts” refers to the innermost part of a person. Alternate translation: “gave us the Spirit to live within each of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
52 2CO 1 22 jcv7 figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 the pledge of the Spirit The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71 2CO 2 7 vpx1 figs-activepassive μή…τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ, καταποθῇ 1 he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “too much sorrow does not overwhelm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72 2CO 2 8 r916 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the church in Corinth to show love and to forgive the person they have punished. He writes that he, also, has forgiven him.
73 2CO 2 8 yi2z κυρῶσαι εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην 1 publicly affirm your love for him This means that they are to confirm their love for this man in the presence of all of the believers.
74 2CO 2 9 xw5t figs-explicit εἰς πάντα ὑπήκοοί ἐστε 1 you are obedient in everything Possible meanings are 1) “you are obedient to God in everything” or 2) “you are obedient in everything that I have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) “you are obedient to God in everything” or (2) “you are obedient in everything that I have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75 2CO 2 10 lzp6 figs-activepassive δι’ ὑμᾶς 1 it is forgiven for your sake This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven it for your sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76 2CO 2 10 cbm6 δι’ ὑμᾶς 1 forgiven for your sake Possible meanings are 1) “forgiven out of my love for you” or 2) “forgiven for your benefit.” Possible meanings are (1) “forgiven out of my love for you” or (2) “forgiven for your benefit.”
77 2CO 2 11 m46t figs-litotes οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν 1 For we are not ignorant of his plans Paul uses a negative expression to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “For we know his plans well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
78 2CO 2 12 l6vd 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the believers in Corinth by telling them of the opportunities he has had to preach the gospel in Troas and Macedonia.
79 2CO 2 12 a1ti figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 a door for the gospel of Christ was opened to me in the Lord Paul speaks of his opportunity to preach the gospel as if it were a door through which he was allowed to walk. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord opened a door to me…to preach the gospel” or “The Lord gave me the opportunity…to preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
80 2CO 2 13 rjy9 οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πνεύματί μου 1 I had no relief in my spirit “My mind was troubled” or “I was worried”
81 2CO 2 13 xd5h Τίτον τὸν ἀδελφόν μου 1 my brother Titus Paul speaks of Titus as his spiritual brother.
82 2CO 2 13 wq6j ἀλλὰ ἀποταξάμενος αὐτοῖς 1 So I left them “So I left the people of Troas”
83 2CO 2 14 gpd2 figs-metaphor τῷ…Θεῷ…τῷ πάντοτε θριαμβεύοντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ 1 God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph Paul speaks of God as if he were a victorious general leading a victory parade and of himself and his coworkers as those who take part in that parade. Possible meanings are 1) “God, who in Christ always causes us to share in his triumph” or 2) “God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph as those over whom he as gained victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of God as if he were a victorious general leading a victory parade and of himself and his coworkers as those who take part in that parade. Possible meanings are (1) “God, who in Christ always causes us to share in his triumph” or (2) “God, who in Christ always leads us in triumph as those over whom he as gained victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84 2CO 2 14 l1nr figs-metaphor τὴν ὀσμὴν τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ, φανεροῦντι δι’ ἡμῶν ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ 1 Through us he spreads the sweet aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. Alternate translation: “He causes the knowledge of Christ to spread to everyone who hears us, just as the sweet smell of burning incense spreads to everyone near it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85 2CO 2 14 eq21 φανεροῦντι…ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ 1 he spreads…everywhere “he spreads…everywhere we go”
86 2CO 2 15 x6nn figs-metaphor Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ 1 we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ Paul speaks of his ministry as if it were a burnt offering that someone offers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87 2CO 2 15 b1k1 Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ 1 the sweet aroma of Christ Possible meanings are 1) “the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ” or 2) “the sweet aroma that Christ offers.” Possible meanings are (1) “the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ” or (2) “the sweet aroma that Christ offers.”
88 2CO 2 15 itc8 figs-activepassive τοῖς σῳζομένοις 1 those who are saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
89 2CO 2 16 dwk6 figs-metaphor ὀσμὴ 1 an aroma “the knowledge of Christ is an aroma.” This refers back to [2 Corinthians 2:14](../02/14.md), where Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90 2CO 2 16 ud2u figs-doublet ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον 1 an aroma from death to death Possible meanings are 1) that the word “death” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death” or 2) “an aroma of death that causes people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Possible meanings are (1) that the word “death” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death” or (2) “an aroma of death that causes people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
91 2CO 2 16 v2n3 figs-activepassive οἷς 1 to the other This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ones whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
92 2CO 2 16 cdr3 figs-doublet ὀσμὴ ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν 1 a fragrance from life to life Possible meanings are 1) that the word “life” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life” or 2) “an aroma of life that gives people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Possible meanings are (1) that the word “life” is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life” or (2) “an aroma of life that gives people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
93 2CO 2 16 be6x figs-rquestion πρὸς ταῦτα τίς ἱκανός? 1 who is worthy of these things? Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is worthy to do the ministry that God has called them to do. Alternate translation: “No one is worthy of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
94 2CO 2 17 a5sa figs-metonymy καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 who sell the word of God “Word” here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “who sell God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95 2CO 2 17 x86y εἰλικρινείας 1 sincerity “pure motives”
101 2CO 3 1 y8yc figs-rquestion ἢ μὴ χρῄζομεν, ὥς τινες, συστατικῶν ἐπιστολῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἢ ἐξ ὑμῶν? 1 We do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people, do we? Paul says this to express that the Corinthians already know about Paul and Timothy’s good reputation. The question prompts a negative answer. Alternate translation: “We certainly do not need letters of recommendation to you or from you, like some people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
102 2CO 3 1 ad1u συστατικῶν ἐπιστολῶν 1 letters of recommendation This is a letter that a person writes to introduce and give their approval of someone else.
103 2CO 3 2 ty59 figs-metaphor ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἡμῶν ὑμεῖς ἐστε 1 You yourselves are our letter of recommendation Paul speaks of the Corinthians as if they are a letter of recommendation. That they have become believers serves to validate Paul’s ministry to others. Alternate translation: “You yourselves are like our letter of recommendation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104 2CO 3 2 v2e7 figs-metonymy ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 written on our hearts Here the word “hearts” refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the word “hearts” refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are (1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or (2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105 2CO 3 2 bu1u figs-activepassive ἐνγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 1 written on our hearts This can be stated in active form with “Christ” as the implied subject. Alternate translation: “which Christ has written on our hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
106 2CO 3 2 dr5k figs-activepassive γινωσκομένη καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένη ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων 1 known and read by all people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that all people can know and read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
107 2CO 3 3 s717 figs-metaphor ἐστὲ ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ 1 you are a letter from Christ Paul clarifies that Christ is the one who has written the letter. Alternate translation: “you are a letter that Christ has written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
183 2CO 4 9 uvq1 figs-activepassive καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι 1 We are struck down but not destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People strike us down but do not destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184 2CO 4 9 z8np καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι 1 We are struck down “We are hurt badly”
185 2CO 4 10 zt4b figs-metaphor πάντοτε τὴν νέκρωσιν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέροντες 1 We always carry in our body the death of Jesus Paul speaks of his sufferings as if they are an experience of the death of Jesus. Alternate translation: “We are often in danger of dying, as Jesus died” or “We always suffer in such a way that we experience the death of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186 2CO 4 10 l6f6 ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ 1 the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies Possible meanings are 1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or 2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.” Possible meanings are (1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or (2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.”
187 2CO 4 10 w3jc figs-activepassive ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ 1 the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “other people may see the life of Jesus in our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
188 2CO 4 11 ht74 figs-metaphor ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς, οἱ ζῶντες, εἰς θάνατον παραδιδόμεθα διὰ Ἰησοῦν 1 For we who are alive are always being handed over to death for the sake of Jesus Carrying the death of Jesus represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. Alternate translation: “For those of us who are alive, God is always leading us to face death because we are joined to Jesus” or “People are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189 2CO 4 11 d1wm ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν 1 so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh God wants Jesus’ life be shown in us. Possible meanings are 1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or 2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.” See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md). God wants Jesus’ life be shown in us. Possible meanings are (1) “our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive” or (2) “the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.” See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md).
190 2CO 4 11 ww5r figs-activepassive ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν 1 so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
191 2CO 4 12 q3il figs-personification ὁ θάνατος ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖται, ἡ δὲ ζωὴ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 death is at work in us, but life is at work in you Paul speaks of death and life as if they are persons who can work. This means that they are always in danger of physical death so that the Corinthians can have spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
192 2CO 4 13 ret6 τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως 1 the same spirit of faith “the same attitude of faith.” Here the word “spirit” refers a person’s attitude and temperament.
222 2CO 5 4 de2b figs-metaphor ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς 1 so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life Paul speaks of life as if it were an animal that eats “what is mortal.” The physical body that will die will be replaced by a resurrection body that will live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
223 2CO 5 4 e5zi figs-activepassive ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς 1 so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that life may swallow up what is mortal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
224 2CO 5 5 g7yj figs-metaphor ὁ δοὺς ἡμῖν τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 who gave us the Spirit as the down payment The Spirit is spoken of as if he were a partial down payment toward eternal life. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
225 2CO 5 6 clh5 0 Connecting Statement: Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because 1) believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ and 2) because of love for Christ who died for believers. Because believers will have a new body and have the Holy Spirit as a pledge, Paul reminds them to live by faith that they may please the Lord. He continues by reminding them to persuade others because (1) believers will appear at the judgment seat of Christ and (2) because of love for Christ who died for believers.
226 2CO 5 6 xv3m figs-metaphor ἐνδημοῦντες ἐν τῷ σώματι 1 being at home in the body Paul speaks of the physical body as if it were a place where a person dwells. Alternate translation: “while we are living in this earthly body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227 2CO 5 6 ebl4 ἐκδημοῦμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου 1 we are away from the Lord “we are not at home with the Lord” or “we are not in heaven with the Lord”
228 2CO 5 7 rfn4 figs-metaphor διὰ πίστεως…περιπατοῦμεν, οὐ διὰ εἴδους 1 we walk by faith, not by sight Here “walk” is a metaphor for “live” or “behave.” Alternate translation: “we live according to faith, not according to what we see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
235 2CO 5 10 v8sl figs-activepassive τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος 1 the things done in the body This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things he has done in the physical body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
236 2CO 5 10 lsh8 εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε κακὸν 1 whether for good or for bad “whether those things were good or bad”
237 2CO 5 11 dzh5 εἰδότες…τὸν φόβον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 knowing the fear of the Lord “knowing what it means to fear the Lord”
238 2CO 5 11 qm34 figs-explicit ἀνθρώπους πείθομεν 1 we persuade people Possible meanings are 1) “we persuade people of the truth of the gospel” or 2) “we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) “we persuade people of the truth of the gospel” or (2) “we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
239 2CO 5 11 v11v figs-activepassive Θεῷ…πεφανερώμεθα 1 What we are is clearly seen by God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God clearly sees what kind of people we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
240 2CO 5 11 y5l1 καὶ ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσιν ὑμῶν πεφανερῶσθαι 1 that it is also clear to your conscience “that you are also convinced of it”
241 2CO 5 12 mza1 ἵνα ἔχητε 1 so you may have an answer “so you may have something to say to”
242 2CO 5 12 it2r figs-metonymy τοὺς ἐν προσώπῳ καυχωμένους, καὶ μὴ ἐν καρδίᾳ 1 those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart Here the word “appearances” refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word “heart” refers to the inward character of a person. Alternate translation: “those who praise their own actions, but do not care about what they really are in their inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
243 2CO 5 13 cy57 figs-idiom εἴτε…ἐξέστημεν…εἴτε σωφρονοῦμεν 1 if we are out of our minds…if we are in our right minds Paul is speaking about the way others think of him and his coworkers. Alternate translation: “if people think we are crazy…if people think we are sane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
244 2CO 5 14 azi9 ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the love of Christ Possible meanings are 1) “Our love for Christ” or 2) “Christ’s love for us.” Possible meanings are (1) “Our love for Christ” or (2) “Christ’s love for us.”
245 2CO 5 14 nd9g ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν 1 died for all “died for all people”
246 2CO 5 15 h831 τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντι καὶ ἐγερθέντι 1 him who for their sake died and was raised “him who for their sake died and whom God caused to live again” or “Christ, who died for their sake and whom God raised”
247 2CO 5 15 ri6f ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν 1 for them Possible meanings are 1) these words refer only to “died” or 2) these words refer to both “died” and “was raised.” Possible meanings are (1) these words refer only to “died” or (2) these words refer to both “died” and “was raised.”
248 2CO 5 16 f2ww 0 Connecting Statement: Because of Christ’s love and death, we are not to judge by human standards. We are appointed to teach others how to be united with and have peace with God through Christ’s death and receive God’s righteousness through Christ.
249 2CO 5 16 ic21 ὥστε 1 For this reason This refers to what Paul has just said about living for Christ instead of living for self.
250 2CO 5 17 tl3h figs-metaphor καινὴ κτίσις 1 he is a new creation Paul speaks of the person who believes in Christ as if God had created a new person. Alternate translation: “he is a new person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283 2CO 6 7 p5l5 ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ 1 in the power of God “by showing God’s power to people”
284 2CO 6 7 ven8 figs-metaphor διὰ τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 through the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and for the left Paul speaks of their righteousness as if it is weapons that they use to fight spiritual battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
285 2CO 6 7 ef5b τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the weapons of righteousness “righteousness as our armor” or “righteousness as our weapons”
286 2CO 6 7 ijr2 τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 for the right hand and for the left Possible meanings are 1) that there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other or 2) that they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction. Possible meanings are (1) that there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other or (2) that they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction.
287 2CO 6 8 zi7d figs-merism 0 General Information: Paul lists several extremes of how people think about him and his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
288 2CO 6 8 e4pf figs-activepassive ὡς πλάνοι 1 as imposters This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People accuse us of being deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
289 2CO 6 9 fcb5 figs-activepassive ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι 1 as if we were unknown and we are still well known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
327 2CO 7 5 f3c5 figs-exclusive ἐλθόντων ἡμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίαν 1 When we came to Macedonia Here the word “we” refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Corinthians or Titus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
328 2CO 7 5 c8ju figs-synecdoche οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν ἡ σὰρξ ἡμῶν 1 our flesh had no rest Here “bodies” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we had no rest” or “we were very tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
329 2CO 7 5 h3cv figs-activepassive ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι 1 we were troubled in every way This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we experienced trouble in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
330 2CO 7 5 i4wr figs-explicit ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι 1 by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside Possible meanings for “outside” are 1) “outside of our bodies” or 2) “outside of the church.” The word “inside” refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings for “outside” are (1) “outside of our bodies” or (2) “outside of the church.” The word “inside” refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
331 2CO 7 7 w7td figs-explicit ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει ᾗ παρεκλήθη ἐφ’ ὑμῖν 1 by the comfort that Titus had received from you Paul received comfort from knowing that the Corinthians had comforted Titus. Alternate translation: “by learning about the comfort that Titus had received from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
332 2CO 7 8 b2xj 0 General Information: This refers to Paul’s previous letter to these Corinthian believers where he rebuked them for their acceptance of a believer’s sexual immorality with his father’s wife.
333 2CO 7 8 jic5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul praises them for their godly sorrow, their zeal to do right, and the joy that it brought him and Titus.
335 2CO 7 9 kn5q figs-activepassive οὐχ ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε 0 not because you were distressed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “not because what I said in my letter distressed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
336 2CO 7 9 l6d2 figs-idiom ἐν μηδενὶ ζημιωθῆτε ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 you would not suffer loss in anything through us “you suffered no loss because we rebuked you.” This means that although the letter caused them sorrow, they eventually benefited from the letter because it led them to repentance. Alternate translation: “so that we did not harm you in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
337 2CO 7 10 dtm3 figs-ellipsis ἡ γὰρ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη, μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν 1 For the sorrow that God intends produces repentance that leads to salvation The word “repentance” may be repeated to clarify its relationship to what precedes it and what follows it. Alternate translation: “For godly sorrow produces repentance, and repentance leads to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
338 2CO 7 10 lc4m ἀμεταμέλητον 1 without regret Possible meanings are 1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation or 2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation. Possible meanings are (1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation or (2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation.
339 2CO 7 10 lc1s figs-explicit ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη, θάνατον κατεργάζεται 1 But the sorrow of the world produces death This kind of sorrow leads to death instead of salvation because it does not produce repentance. Alternate translation: “Worldly sorrow, however, leads to spiritual death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
340 2CO 7 11 l24s ἰδοὺ γὰρ αὐτὸ τοῦτο 1 For see what this very same thing “Look and see for yourselves what great determination”
341 2CO 7 11 gpp2 figs-exclamations σπουδήν: ἀλλὰ ἀπολογίαν 1 what earnestness, what eagerness to defend yourselves Here the word “How” makes this statement an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your determination to prove you were innocent was very great!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
351 2CO 7 14 q5hg ἡ καύχησις ἡμῶν ἡ ἐπὶ Τίτου ἀλήθεια ἐγενήθη 1 our boasting about you to Titus proved to be true “you proved that our boasting about you to Titus was true”
352 2CO 7 15 d87j figs-abstractnouns τὴν πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπακοήν 1 the obedience of all of you This noun “obedience” can be stated with a verb, “obey.” Alternate translation: “how all of you obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
353 2CO 7 15 g9bz figs-doublet μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἐδέξασθε αὐτόν 1 you welcomed him with fear and trembling Here “fear” and “trembling” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “you welcomed him with great reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
354 2CO 7 15 q47h μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 with fear and trembling Possible meanings are 1) “with great reverence for God” or 2) “with great reverence for Titus.” Possible meanings are (1) “with great reverence for God” or (2) “with great reverence for Titus.”
355 2CO 8 intro kl7m 0 # 2 Corinthians 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gift to the church in Jerusalem<br><br>The church in Corinth started preparing to give money to the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also had given generously. Paul sends Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem. They want people to know it is being done honestly.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### We<br><br>Paul likely uses the pronoun “we” to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. These words in verse 2 are a paradox: “the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity.” In verse 3 Paul explains how their poverty produced riches. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other paradoxes. ([2 Corinthians 8:2](./02.md))<br>
356 2CO 8 1 mm8g 0 Connecting Statement: Having explained his changed plans and his ministry direction, Paul talks about giving.
357 2CO 8 1 d1mj figs-activepassive τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δεδομένην ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Μακεδονίας 1 the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
426 2CO 9 12 esk7 figs-metaphor ἀλλὰ καὶ περισσεύουσα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστιῶν τῷ Θεῷ 1 but is also overflowing into many acts of thanksgiving to God Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers’ act of service as if it were a liquid of which there is more than a container can hold. Alternate translation: “It also causes many deeds for which people will thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
427 2CO 9 13 plj4 figs-activepassive διὰ τῆς δοκιμῆς τῆς διακονίας ταύτης 1 Because of the proof of this ministry This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because this service has tested and proven you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
428 2CO 9 13 ze14 δοξάζοντες τὸν Θεὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑποταγῇ τῆς ὁμολογίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἁπλότητι τῆς κοινωνίας εἰς αὐτοὺς καὶ εἰς πάντας 1 they glorify God for your obedience…the generosity of your sharing with them and with everyone Paul says that the Corinthians will glorify God both by being faithful to Jesus and by giving generously to other believers who have need.
429 2CO 9 15 es8c ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ αὐτοῦ δωρεᾷ 1 for his inexpressible gift “for his gift, which words cannot describe.” Possible meanings are 1) that this gift refers to “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous or 2) that this gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers. “for his gift, which words cannot describe.” Possible meanings are (1) that this gift refers to “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous or (2) that this gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers.
430 2CO 10 intro abcd 0 # 2 Corinthians 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 17.<br><br>In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Boasting<br>“Boasting” is often thought of as bragging, which is not good. But in this letter “boasting” means confidently exulting or rejoicing.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>In verses 3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. He probably uses them as part of a larger metaphor about Christians being spiritually at war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br>
431 2CO 10 1 yc1g 0 Connecting Statement: Paul shifts the subject from giving to affirming his authority to teach as he does.
432 2CO 10 1 gq7j figs-abstractnouns διὰ τῆς πραΰτητος καὶ ἐπιεικείας τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 by the meekness and gentleness of Christ The word “humility” and “gentleness” are abstract nouns, and can be expressed in another way. Alternate translation: “I am humble and gentle as I do so, because Christ has made me that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
434 2CO 10 2 ik1p figs-metonymy ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 1 as walking according to the flesh The word “flesh” is a metonym for sinful human nature. “we are acting from human motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
435 2CO 10 3 cvd6 figs-metonymy ἐν σαρκὶ…περιπατοῦντες 1 we walk in the flesh Here “walk” is an metaphor for “live” and “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “we live our lives in physical bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
436 2CO 10 3 k7h8 figs-metaphor οὐ…στρατευόμεθα 1 we do not wage war Paul speaks of his trying to persuade the Corinthians to believe him and not the false teachers as if he were fighting a physical war. These words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
437 2CO 10 3 gpd3 figs-metonymy κατὰ σάρκα στρατευόμεθα 1 wage war according to the flesh Possible meanings are 1) the word “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “fight against our enemies using physical weapons” or 2) the word “flesh” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “wage war in sinful ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “fight against our enemies using physical weapons” or (2) the word “flesh” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “wage war in sinful ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
438 2CO 10 4 uf5s figs-metaphor τὰ…ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν…λογισμοὺς καθαιροῦντες 1 the weapons we fight with…for pulling down arguments Paul speaks of godly wisdom showing human wisdom to be false as if it were a weapon with which he was destroying an enemy stronghold. Alternate translation: “the weapons we fight with…show people that what our enemies say is completely wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
439 2CO 10 4 d1gj figs-metonymy οὐ σαρκικὰ 1 are not fleshly Possible meanings are 1) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate translation: “are not physical” or 2) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “are not sinful” or “do not enable us to do wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate translation: “are not physical” or (2) the word “fleshly” is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “are not sinful” or “do not enable us to do wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
440 2CO 10 5 xuz9 πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον 0 every high thing that rises up Paul is still speaking with the metaphor of a war, as if “the knowledge of God” were an army and “every high thing” were a wall that people had made to keep the army out. Alternate translation: “every false argument that proud people think of to protect themselves”
441 2CO 10 5 b74d πᾶν ὕψωμα 1 every high thing “everything that proud people do”
442 2CO 10 5 vm1a figs-metaphor ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 rises up against the knowledge of God Paul speaks of arguments as if they were a wall standing high against an army. The words “rises up” mean “stands tall,” not that the “high thing” is floating up into the air. Alternate translation: “people use so they will not have to know who God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443 2CO 10 5 r2yz figs-metaphor αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 We take every thought captive into obedience to Christ Paul speaks of people’s thoughts as if they were enemy soldiers whom he captures in battle. Alternate translation: “We show how all the false ideas those people have are wrong and teach the people to obey Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
444 2CO 10 6 m4ds figs-metonymy ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν παρακοήν 1 to avenge every act of disobedience The words “act of disobedience” are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. Alternate translation: “punish every one of you who disobey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
445 2CO 10 7 y2yb figs-rquestion τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπετε 1 You are looking at the appearance of things Possible meanings are 1) this is a command or 2) this is a statement, “You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes.” Some think this is a rhetorical question that may also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?” or “You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a command or (2) this is a statement, “You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes.” Some think this is a rhetorical question that may also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?” or “You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
446 2CO 10 7 z1t5 λογιζέσθω πάλιν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῦ 1 let him remind himself “he needs to remember”
447 2CO 10 7 f3i9 καθὼς αὐτὸς Χριστοῦ, οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς 1 that just as he is Christ’s, so also are we “that we belong to Christ just as much as he does”
448 2CO 10 8 d4zu figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν ὑμῶν 1 to build you up and not to destroy you Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. Alternate translation: “to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
541 2CO 12 intro abcf 0 # 2 Corinthians 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul continues defending his authority in this chapter.<br><br>When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He had not ever taken anything from them. Now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not need to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Paul’s vision<br><br>Paul now defends his authority by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven. Although he speaks in the third person in verses 2-5, verse 7 indicates that he was the person who experienced the vision. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Third heaven<br>Many scholars believe the “third” heaven is the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture also uses “heaven” to refer to the sky (the “first” heaven) and the universe (the “second” heaven).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions as he defends himself against his enemies who accused him: “For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?” “Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?” and “Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### Sarcasm<br><br>Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, “Forgive me for this wrong!” He also uses regular irony when he says: “But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit.” He uses it to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in verse 5 is a paradox: “I will not boast, except about my weaknesses.” Most people do not boast about being weak. This sentence in verse 10 is also a paradox: “For whenever I am weak, then I am strong.” In verse 9, Paul explains why both of these statements are true. ([2 Corinthians 12:5](./05.md))<br>
542 2CO 12 1 iwn3 0 Connecting Statement: In defending his apostleship from God, Paul continues to state specific things that have happened to him since he became a believer.
543 2CO 12 1 iur3 ἐλεύσομαι 1 I will go on to “I will continue talking, but now about”
544 2CO 12 1 rb42 figs-hendiadys ὀπτασίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις Κυρίου 1 visions and revelations from the Lord Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses the words “visions” and “revelations” to mean the same thing in hendiadys for emphasis. Alternate translation: “things that the Lord has allowed only me to see” or 2) Paul is speaking of two different things. Alternate translation: “secret things that the Lord has let me see with my eyes and other secrets that he has told me about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul uses the words “visions” and “revelations” to mean the same thing in hendiadys for emphasis. Alternate translation: “things that the Lord has allowed only me to see” or (2) Paul is speaking of two different things. Alternate translation: “secret things that the Lord has let me see with my eyes and other secrets that he has told me about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
545 2CO 12 2 cz7u οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐν Χριστῷ 1 I know a man in Christ Paul is actually speaking of himself as if he were speaking of someone else, but this should be translated literally if possible.
546 2CO 12 2 fth2 εἴτε ἐν σώματι οὐκ οἶδα, εἴτε ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματος οὐκ οἶδα 1 whether in the body, I do not know, or out of the body, I do not know Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. “I do not know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body”
547 2CO 12 2 k4aw τρίτου οὐρανοῦ 1 the third heaven This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars, and the universe).
548 2CO 12 3 cju3 0 General Information: Paul continues to speak of himself as though he were speaking of someone else.
549 2CO 12 4 qv5h ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον 1 was caught up into paradise This continues Paul’s account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). It can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God took this man…into paradise” or 2) “an angel took this man…into paradise.” If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took…paradise” or “they took…paradise.” This continues Paul’s account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). It can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God took this man…into paradise” or (2) “an angel took this man…into paradise.” If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took…paradise” or “they took…paradise.”
550 2CO 12 4 wm7y ἡρπάγη 1 caught up suddenly and forcefully held and taken
551 2CO 12 4 ic45 τὸν Παράδεισον 1 paradise Possible meanings are 1) heaven or 2) the third heaven or 3) a special place in heaven. Possible meanings are (1) heaven or (2) the third heaven or (3) a special place in heaven.
552 2CO 12 5 hpq6 τοῦ τοιούτου 1 of such a person “of that person”
553 2CO 12 5 i12f οὐ καυχήσομαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις 1 I will not boast, except about my weaknesses This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will boast only of my weaknesses”
554 2CO 12 6 vg13 0 Connecting Statement: As Paul defends his apostleship from God, he tells of the weakness that God gave him to keep him humble.
563 2CO 12 8 wc7r ὑπὲρ τούτου…τὸν Κύριον 1 Lord about this “Lord about this thorn in the flesh,” or “Lord about this affliction”
564 2CO 12 9 nr2j ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου 1 My grace is enough for you “I will be kind to you, and that is all you need”
565 2CO 12 9 cs63 ἡ γὰρ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται 1 for power is made perfect in weakness “for my power works best when you are weak”
566 2CO 12 9 g8mi figs-metaphor ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the power of Christ might reside on me Paul speaks of Christ’s power as if it were a tent built over him. Possible meanings are 1) “people might see that I have the power of Christ” or 2) “I might truly have the power of Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of Christ’s power as if it were a tent built over him. Possible meanings are (1) “people might see that I have the power of Christ” or (2) “I might truly have the power of Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
567 2CO 12 10 pxf1 εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς, καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ 1 I am content for Christ’s sake in weaknesses, in insults, in troubles, in persecutions and distressing situations Possible meanings are 1) “I am content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ” or 2) “I am content in weakness…if these things cause more people to know Christ.” Possible meanings are (1) “I am content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ” or (2) “I am content in weakness…if these things cause more people to know Christ.”
568 2CO 12 10 s5sx ἐν ἀσθενείαις 1 in weaknesses “when I am weak”
569 2CO 12 10 xl8q ἐν ὕβρεσιν 1 in insults “when people try to make me angry by saying that I am a bad person”
570 2CO 12 10 hza1 ἐν ἀνάγκαις 1 in troubles “when I am suffering”
574 2CO 12 11 a1ym γέγονα ἄφρων 1 I have become a fool “I am acting like a fool”
575 2CO 12 11 pzw1 ὑμεῖς με ἠναγκάσατε 1 You forced me to this “You forced me to talk this way”
576 2CO 12 11 v2lr figs-activepassive ἐγὼ…ὤφειλον ὑφ’ ὑμῶν συνίστασθαι 1 I should have been commended by you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it is praise that you should have given me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
577 2CO 12 11 f644 συνίστασθαι 1 commended Possible meanings are 1) “praise” ([2 Corinthians 3:1](../03/01.md)) or 2) “recommend” ([2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md)). Possible meanings are (1) “praise” ([2 Corinthians 3:1](../03/01.md)) or (2) “recommend” ([2 Corinthians 4:2](../04/02.md)).
578 2CO 12 11 h4d5 figs-litotes γὰρ ὑστέρησα 1 For I was not at all inferior By using the negative form, Paul is saying strongly that those Corinthians who think that he is inferior are wrong. Alternate translation: “For I am just as good as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
579 2CO 12 11 s82x figs-irony τῶν ὑπέρ λίαν ἀποστόλων 1 super-apostles Paul uses irony here to show that those teachers are less important then people say they are. See how this is translated in [2 Corinthians 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “those teachers whom some think are better than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
580 2CO 12 12 kp5l figs-activepassive τὰ μὲν σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου κατειργάσθη 1 indeed the signs of an apostle were performed This can be stated in active form, with emphasis on the “signs.” Alternate translation: “It is the true signs of an apostle that I performed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
600 2CO 12 19 vg3u figs-metaphor ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς 1 for your strengthening “to strengthen you.” Paul speaks of knowing how to obey God and desiring to obey him as if it were physical growth. Alternate translation: “so that you would know God and obey him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601 2CO 12 20 cu6s οὐχ οἵους θέλω, εὕρω ὑμᾶς 1 I may not find you as I wish “I may not like what I find” or “I may not like what I see you doing”
602 2CO 12 20 zy6g κἀγὼ εὑρεθῶ ὑμῖν οἷον οὐ θέλετε 1 I may not be found by you as you wish “you might not like what you see in me”
603 2CO 12 20 rh1h figs-abstractnouns μή πως ἔρις, ζῆλος, θυμοί, ἐριθεῖαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι 1 there may be quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder The abstract nouns “quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder” can be translated using verbs. Possible meanings are 1) “some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, trying to take our places as leaders, speaking falsely about us, telling about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you” or 2) “some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, quarreling with each other over who will be the leader, speaking falsely about each other, telling about each other’s private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract nouns “quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder” can be translated using verbs. Possible meanings are (1) “some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, trying to take our places as leaders, speaking falsely about us, telling about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you” or (2) “some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, quarreling with each other over who will be the leader, speaking falsely about each other, telling about each other’s private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
604 2CO 12 21 ddw3 πενθήσω πολλοὺς τῶν προημαρτηκότων, 1 I might be grieved by many of those who have sinned “I will be grieved because many of them have not given up their old sins”
605 2CO 12 21 hq1e figs-parallelism μὴ μετανοησάντων ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, καὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 did not repent of the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence Possible meanings are 1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. Alternate translation: “did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced” or 2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. Alternate translation: “did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced” or (2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
606 2CO 12 21 rh22 figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ 1 of the impurity The abstract noun impurity can be translated as “things that do not please God.” Alternate translation: “of secretly thinking about and desiring things that do not please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
607 2CO 12 21 rn6u figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ…πορνείᾳ 1 of the…sexual immorality The abstract noun “immorality” can be translated as “immoral deeds.” Alternate translation: “of doing sexually immoral deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
608 2CO 12 21 yyr5 figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ…ἀσελγείᾳ 1 of the…lustful indulgence The abstract noun “indulgence” can be translated using a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “of…doing things that satisfy immoral sexual desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
612 2CO 13 2 fxl6 τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν 1 all the rest “all you other people”
613 2CO 13 4 a1bf figs-activepassive ἐσταυρώθη 1 he was crucified This can be made active. Alternate translation: “they crucified him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
614 2CO 13 4 zeh1 ἀλλὰ ζήσομεν σὺν αὐτῷ ἐκ δυνάμεως Θεοῦ 1 but we will live with him by the power of God God gives us the power and ability to live life in and with him.
615 2CO 13 5 sbx4 ἐν ὑμῖν 1 in you Possible meanings are 1) living inside each individual or 2) “among you,” part of and the most important member of the group. Possible meanings are (1) living inside each individual or (2) “among you,” part of and the most important member of the group.
616 2CO 13 7 u75e figs-litotes μὴ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς κακὸν μηδέν 1 that you may not do any wrong “that you will not sin at all” or “that you will not refuse to listen to us when we correct you.” Paul is emphasizing the opposite with his statement. Alternate translation: “that you will do everything right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
617 2CO 13 7 gt2e δόκιμοι 1 to have passed the test “to be great teachers and live the truth”
618 2CO 13 8 a3l7 οὐ…δυνάμεθά τι κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 we are not able to do anything against the truth “we are not able to keep people from learning the truth”

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@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ GAL 1 10 fl3c εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστο
GAL 1 11 llg6 0 Connecting Statement: Paul explains that he did not learn the gospel from others; he learned it from Jesus Christ.
GAL 1 11 g1qg ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
GAL 1 11 k33s ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον 1 not man’s gospel By using this phrase, Paul was not trying to say that Jesus Christ is not himself human. Because Christ is both man and God, however, he is not a sinful human being. Paul is writing about where the gospel came from; that it did not come from other sinful human beings, but it came from Jesus Christ.
GAL 1 12 wed1 δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me Possible meanings are 1) “Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me” or 2) “God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was.”
GAL 1 12 wed1 δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me Possible meanings are (1) “Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me” or (2) “God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was.”
GAL 1 13 f3gl ἀναστροφήν ποτε 1 former life “behavior at one time” or “prior life” or “earlier life”
GAL 1 14 r44z καὶ προέκοπτον 1 I advanced This metaphor pictures Paul as being ahead of other Jews his age in their goal to be perfect Jews.
GAL 1 14 s81t συνηλικιώτας 1 those who were my own age “the Jewish people who are the same age as I am”
GAL 1 14 f1z8 τῶν πατρικῶν μου 1 my fathers “my ancestors”
GAL 1 15 wd26 καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 who called me through his grace Possible meanings are 1) “God called me to serve him because he is gracious” or 2) “He called me by means of his grace.”
GAL 1 16 l97h ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 to reveal his Son in me Possible meanings are 1) “to allow me to know his Son” or 2) “to show the world through me that Jesus is God’s Son.”
GAL 1 15 wd26 καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 who called me through his grace Possible meanings are (1) “God called me to serve him because he is gracious” or (2) “He called me by means of his grace.”
GAL 1 16 l97h ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 to reveal his Son in me Possible meanings are (1) “to allow me to know his Son” or (2) “to show the world through me that Jesus is God’s Son.”
GAL 1 16 l5bb guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱὸν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
GAL 1 16 xx4c εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν 1 preach him “proclaim that he is God’s Son” or “preach the good news about God’s Son”
GAL 1 16 qme5 figs-idiom προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι 1 consult with flesh and blood This is an expression that means talking with other people. Alternate translation: “ask people to help me understand the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ GAL 2 12 fy79 τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς 1 those who were demanding ci
GAL 2 12 a6gv ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν 1 kept away from “stayed away from” or “avoided”
GAL 2 14 sg53 οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 not following the truth of the gospel “they were not living like people who believe the gospel” or “they were living as though they did not believe the gospel”
GAL 2 14 z4fp figs-rquestion πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν 1 how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews? This rhetorical question is a rebuke and can be translated as a statement. The word “you” is singular and refers to Peter. Alternate translation: “you are wrong to force the Gentiles to live like Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GAL 2 14 y1zw ἀναγκάζεις 1 force Possible meanings are 1) force by using words or 2) persuade .
GAL 2 14 y1zw ἀναγκάζεις 1 force Possible meanings are (1) force by using words or (2) persuade .
GAL 2 15 p3x8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells the believers that Jews who know the law, as well as Gentiles who do not know the law, are saved only by faith in Christ and not by keeping the law.
GAL 2 15 tz45 οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί 1 not Gentile sinners “not those whom the Jews call Gentile sinners”
GAL 2 16 zy8p καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν 1 We also came to faith in Christ Jesus “We believed in Christ Jesus”
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ GAL 3 3 xu4d figs-metonymy σαρκὶ 1 by the flesh The word “flesh” is a
GAL 3 4 iyj1 figs-rquestion τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ 1 Have you suffered so many things for nothing…? Paul uses this question to remind the Galatians that when they were suffering, they believed that they would receive some benefit. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not think that you were suffering so many things for nothing…!” or “Surely you knew that there was some good purpose for suffering so many things…!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GAL 3 4 qn1a figs-explicit τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ 1 Have you suffered so many things for nothing It can be stated clearly that they had suffered these things because of people who opposed them for their faith in Christ. Alternate translation: “Have you suffered so many things by those who opposed you for your faith in Christ for nothing” or “You believed in Christ, and you suffered many things by those who oppose Christ. Were your belief and suffering for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 3 4 nq68 εἰκῇ 1 for nothing “uselessly” or “without the hope of receiving something good”
GAL 3 4 xl9l figs-rquestion εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ 1 if indeed it was for nothing? Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses this rhetorical question to warn them not to let their experiences be for nothing. Alternate translation: “Do not let it be for nothing!” or “Do not stop believing in Jesus Christ and let your suffering be for nothing.” or 2) Paul uses this question to assure them that their suffering was not for nothing. Alternate translation: “It was certainly not for nothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GAL 3 4 xl9l figs-rquestion εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ 1 if indeed it was for nothing? Possible meanings are (1) Paul uses this rhetorical question to warn them not to let their experiences be for nothing. Alternate translation: “Do not let it be for nothing!” or “Do not stop believing in Jesus Christ and let your suffering be for nothing.” or (2) Paul uses this question to assure them that their suffering was not for nothing. Alternate translation: “It was certainly not for nothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GAL 3 5 s3bc figs-rquestion ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως 1 Does he…do so by the works of the law, or by hearing with faith? Paul asks another rhetorical question to remind the Galatians how people receive the Spirit. Alternate translation: “He…does not do it by the works of the law; he does it by hearing with faith.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GAL 3 5 j4vz ἐξ ἔργων νόμου 1 by the works of the law This represents people doing the works that the law requires. Alternate translation: “because you do what the law tells us to do”
GAL 3 5 e17q figs-explicit ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως 1 by hearing with faith Your language may require that what the people heard and whom they trusted be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because you heard the message and had faith in Jesus” or “because you listened to the message and trusted in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ GAL 3 11 sn9h figs-explicit δὲ…δῆλον 1 Now it is clear What is clear
GAL 3 11 k6k5 ἐν νόμῳ, οὐδεὶς δικαιοῦται παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 no one is justified before God by the law This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “God justifies no one by the law”
GAL 3 11 k1pq figs-explicit ἐν νόμῳ, οὐδεὶς δικαιοῦται παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 no one is justified before God by the law Paul is correcting their believe that if they obeyed the law, God would justify them. Alternate translation: “no one is justified before God by obeying the law” or “God does not justify anyone for their obedience to the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 3 11 i537 figs-nominaladj ὁ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται 1 the righteous will live by faith The nominal adjective “righteous” refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “righteous people will live by faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
GAL 3 12 rep5 ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 must live by them Possible meanings are 1) “must obey them all” or 2) “will be judged by his ability to do what the law demands.”
GAL 3 12 rep5 ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 must live by them Possible meanings are (1) “must obey them all” or (2) “will be judged by his ability to do what the law demands.”
GAL 3 13 x2lc 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds these believers again that keeping the law could not save a person and that the law did not add a new condition to the promise by faith given to Abraham.
GAL 3 13 ml63 ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου 1 from the curse of the law The noun “curse” can be expressed with the verb “curse.” Alternate translation: “from being cursed because of the law” or “from being cursed for not obeying the law”
GAL 3 13 mp4p figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου, γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα…ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς 1 from the curse of the law…becoming a curse for us…Cursed is everyone The word “curse” here is a metonym for God condemning the person whom he has cursed. Alternate translation: “from us having God condemn us because we broke the law…having God condemn him instead of us…God condemns everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ GAL 3 21 wes3 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The word “us” in this s
GAL 3 21 e43u κατὰ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν 1 against the promises “opposed to the promises” or “in conflict with the promises”
GAL 3 21 b8xx figs-activepassive εἰ…ἐδόθη νόμος ὁ δυνάμενος ζῳοποιῆσαι 1 if a law had been given that could give life This can be stated in active form, and the abstract noun “life” can be translated with the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “if God had given a law that enabled those who kept it to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GAL 3 21 iyg9 ἐν νόμου ἂν ἦν ἡ δικαιοσύνη 1 righteousness would certainly have come by the law “we could have become righteous by obeying that law”
GAL 3 22 n5js συνέκλεισεν ἡ Γραφὴ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν, ἵνα ἡ ἐπαγγελία ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοθῇ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν 1 scripture imprisoned everything under sin. God did this so that the promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe Other possible meanings are 1) “because we all sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe” or 2) “because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe.”
GAL 3 22 n5js συνέκλεισεν ἡ Γραφὴ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν, ἵνα ἡ ἐπαγγελία ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοθῇ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν 1 scripture imprisoned everything under sin. God did this so that the promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe Other possible meanings are (1) “because we all sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe” or (2) “because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe.”
GAL 3 22 jbn7 figs-personification Γραφὴ 1 scripture Paul is treating scripture as though it were a person and is speaking of God, who wrote scripture. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
GAL 3 23 rch2 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds those in Galatia that believers are free in God’s family, not slaves under the law.
GAL 3 23 su16 figs-activepassive ὑπὸ νόμον ἐφρουρούμεθα, συνκλειόμενοι 1 we were held captive under the law, imprisoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the law held us captive and we were in prison” or “the law held us captive in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ GAL 3 24 ln1s παιδαγωγὸς 1 guardian More than simply “one who give
GAL 3 24 m7jy εἰς Χριστόν 1 until Christ came “until the time when Christ came”
GAL 3 24 s8g5 figs-activepassive ἵνα…δικαιωθῶμεν 1 so that we might be justified Before Christ came, God had planned to justify us. When Christ came, he carried out his plan to justify us. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God would declare us to be righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 3 27 v6n1 ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε 1 For as many of you who were baptized into Christ “For all of you who were baptized into Christ”
GAL 3 27 di9v figs-metaphor Χριστὸν…ἐνεδύσασθε 1 have clothed yourselves with Christ Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. Alternate translation: “have become united with Christ” or “belong to Christ” or 2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. Alternate translation: “have become like Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 3 27 di9v figs-metaphor Χριστὸν…ἐνεδύσασθε 1 have clothed yourselves with Christ Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. Alternate translation: “have become united with Christ” or “belong to Christ” or (2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. Alternate translation: “have become like Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 3 28 tyb8 οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ 1 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female “God sees no difference between Jew and Greek, slave and free, male and female”
GAL 3 29 qp4z figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι 1 heirs The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 intro h6gw 0 # Galatians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sonship<br>Sonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israel’s sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abraham’s physical descendants inherited God’s promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them “children of promise.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Abba, Father<br>“Abba” is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul “transliterates” its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ GAL 4 2 v5g9 οἰκονόμους 1 trustees people whom others trust to keep
GAL 4 3 d6v9 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The word “we” here refers to all Christians, including Paul’s readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
GAL 4 3 n21q figs-metaphor ὅτε ἦμεν νήπιοι 1 when we were children Here “children” is a metaphor for being spiritually immature. Alternate translation: “when we were like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 3 cd2w figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς…ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι 1 we were enslaved to the elemental principles of the world Here “enslaved” is a metaphor being unable to stop one’s self from doing something. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the elemental principles of the world controlled us” or “we had to obey the elemental principles of the world as if we were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 4 3 u462 τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου 1 the elemental principles of the world Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world, or 2) this refers to spiritual powers, which some people thought control what happens on earth.
GAL 4 3 u462 τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου 1 the elemental principles of the world Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world, or (2) this refers to spiritual powers, which some people thought control what happens on earth.
GAL 4 4 l5tf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱὸν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
GAL 4 5 v5cb figs-metaphor ἐξαγοράσῃ 1 redeem Paul uses the metaphor of a person buying back lost property or buying the freedom of a slave as a picture of Jesus paying for his people’s sins by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 6 a274 ἐστε υἱοί 1 you are sons Paul uses the word for male child here because the subject is inheritance. In his culture and that of his readers, inheritance passed most commonly, but not always, to male children. He was neither specifying nor excluding female children here.
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ GAL 4 26 wa1u ἐλευθέρα ἐστίν 1 is free “is not bound” or “
GAL 4 27 jql2 εὐφράνθητι 1 Rejoice be happy
GAL 4 27 ih2f figs-you στεῖρα…ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα 1 you barren one…you who are not suffering Here “you” refers to the barren woman and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GAL 4 28 ad75 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
GAL 4 28 ct63 ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Possible meanings are that the Galatians have become God’s children 1) by believing God’s promise or 2) because God worked miracles to fulfill his promises to Abraham, first by giving Abraham a son and then by making the Galatians children of Abraham and thus sons of God.
GAL 4 28 ct63 ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Possible meanings are that the Galatians have become God’s children (1) by believing God’s promise or (2) because God worked miracles to fulfill his promises to Abraham, first by giving Abraham a son and then by making the Galatians children of Abraham and thus sons of God.
GAL 4 29 c9lf figs-metaphor κατὰ σάρκα 1 according to the flesh This refers to Abraham’s becoming Ishmael’s father by taking Hagar as a wife. Alternate translation: “by means of human action” or “because of what people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 29 gt1e κατὰ Πνεῦμα 1 according to the Spirit “because of something the Spirit did”
GAL 4 31 sy8u ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ GAL 5 4 ipf7 figs-irony οἵτινες ἐν νόμῳ δικαιοῦσθε 1
GAL 5 4 k6xe figs-explicit τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε 1 you no longer experience grace Who that grace comes from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God will not be gracious to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 5 5 pdm1 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
GAL 5 5 vvk6 γὰρ Πνεύματι 1 For through the Spirit “This is because through the Spirit”
GAL 5 5 qg9m ἡμεῖς…ἐκ πίστεως ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα 1 by faith, we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) “we are waiting by faith for the hope of righteousness” or 2) “we are waiting for the hope of righteousness that comes by faith.”
GAL 5 5 qg9m ἡμεῖς…ἐκ πίστεως ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα 1 by faith, we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness Possible meanings are (1) “we are waiting by faith for the hope of righteousness” or (2) “we are waiting for the hope of righteousness that comes by faith.”
GAL 5 5 z3ga ἡμεῖς…ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα 1 we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness “we are waiting patiently and with excitement for God to put us right with himself forever, and we expect him to do it”
GAL 5 6 y2ww figs-metonymy οὔτε περιτομή…οὔτε ἀκροβυστία 1 neither circumcision nor uncircumcision These are metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew. Alternate translation: “neither being a Jew nor not being a Jew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GAL 5 6 n1hc ἀλλὰ πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη 1 but only faith working through love “Rather, God is concerned with our faith in him, which we show by loving others”
@ -239,20 +239,20 @@ GAL 5 8 sx6u πεισμονὴ 1 persuasion To persuade someone is to get that
GAL 5 10 enp1 οὐδὲν ἄλλο φρονήσετε 1 you will take no other view “you will not believe anything different from what I am telling you”
GAL 5 10 rb76 ὁ δὲ ταράσσων ὑμᾶς, βαστάσει τὸ κρίμα 1 The one who is troubling you will pay the penalty “God will punish the one who is troubling you”
GAL 5 10 jc72 ταράσσων ὑμᾶς 1 is troubling you “is causing you to be uncertain about what is truth” or “stirs up trouble among you”
GAL 5 10 llh5 ὅστις ἐὰν ᾖ 1 whoever he is Possible meanings are 1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the law of Moses or 2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who “confuse” them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious.
GAL 5 10 llh5 ὅστις ἐὰν ᾖ 1 whoever he is Possible meanings are (1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the law of Moses or (2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who “confuse” them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious.
GAL 5 11 d4mm figs-rquestion ἐγὼ δέ, ἀδελφοί, εἰ περιτομὴν ἔτι κηρύσσω, τί ἔτι διώκομαι 1 Brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people are persecuting him because he is not preaching that people need to become Jews. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Brothers, you can see that I am not still proclaiming circumcision because the Jews are persecuting me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
GAL 5 11 nv5x ἀδελφοί 1 Brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
GAL 5 11 znh3 figs-hypo ἄρα κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 In that case the stumbling block of the cross has been removed Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people persecute him because he is preaching that God forgives people because of Jesus’ work on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
GAL 5 11 dtv9 ἄρα 1 In that case “If I were still saying that people need to become Jews”
GAL 5 11 y3ug figs-activepassive κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 the stumbling block of the cross has been removed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the teaching about the cross has no stumbling block” or “there is nothing in the teaching of the cross that would cause people to stumble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 5 11 arj5 figs-metaphor κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 the stumbling block of the cross has been removed Stumbling represents sinning, and a stumbling block represents something that causes people to sin. In this case the sin is to reject the truth of the teaching that in order to be made right with God, people only need to believe that Jesus died on the cross for us. Alternate translation: “the teaching about the cross that causes people to reject the truth has been removed” or “there is nothing in the teaching about Jesus dying on the cross that would lead people to reject the teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 5 12 sfl2 figs-metaphor ἀποκόψονται 1 castrate themselves Possible meanings are 1) literal, to cut off their male organs so as to become eunuchs or 2) metaphorical, completely withdraw from the Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 5 12 sfl2 figs-metaphor ἀποκόψονται 1 castrate themselves Possible meanings are (1) literal, to cut off their male organs so as to become eunuchs or (2) metaphorical, completely withdraw from the Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 5 13 y1g7 γὰρ 1 For Paul is giving the reason for his words in [Galatians 5:12](../05/12.md).
GAL 5 13 v6vs figs-activepassive ὑμεῖς…ἐπ’ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἐκλήθητε 1 you were called to freedom This can be expressed in an active form. Alternate translation: “Christ has called you to freedom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 5 13 ekb2 figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς…ἐπ’ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἐκλήθητε 1 you were called to freedom It is implied that Christ has set believers free from the old covenant. Here freedom from the old covenant is a metaphor for not being obligated to obey it. Alternate translation: “You were called to freedom from the old covenant” or “Christ has chosen you to not be obligated to the old covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 5 13 yp6r ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
GAL 5 13 viv6 figs-explicit ἀφορμὴν τῇ σαρκί 1 an opportunity for the sinful nature The relationship between the opportunity and the sinful nature can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “an opportunity for you to behave according to your sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 5 14 ct8i ὁ…πᾶς νόμος ἐν ἑνὶ λόγῳ πεπλήρωται 1 the whole law is fulfilled in one command Possible meanings are 1) “you can state the whole law in just one commandment, which is this” or 2) “by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this.”
GAL 5 14 ct8i ὁ…πᾶς νόμος ἐν ἑνὶ λόγῳ πεπλήρωται 1 the whole law is fulfilled in one command Possible meanings are (1) “you can state the whole law in just one commandment, which is this” or (2) “by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this.”
GAL 5 14 qt9c figs-you ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 You must love your neighbor as yourself The words “you,” “your,” and “yourself” are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GAL 5 16 q8wk 0 Connecting Statement: Paul explains how the Spirit gives control over sin.
GAL 5 16 yb58 figs-metaphor Πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε 1 walk by the Spirit Walking is a metaphor for living. Alternate translation: “conduct your life in the power of the Holy Spirit” or “live your life in dependence on the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -273,13 +273,13 @@ GAL 6 intro bv8h 0 # Galatians 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formattin
GAL 6 1 x8zg 0 Connecting Statement: Paul teaches believers how they should treat other believers and how God rewards.
GAL 6 1 ss7l ἀδελφοί 1 Brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
GAL 6 1 vm8f ἐὰν…ἄνθρωπος 1 if someone “if anyone among you”
GAL 6 1 vts8 ἐὰν καὶ προλημφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἔν τινι παραπτώματι 1 if someone is caught in any trespass Possible meanings are 1) someone else found that person in the act. Alternate translation: “if someone is discovered in an act of sin” or 2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil. Alternate translation: “if someone gave in and sinned”
GAL 6 1 vts8 ἐὰν καὶ προλημφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἔν τινι παραπτώματι 1 if someone is caught in any trespass Possible meanings are (1) someone else found that person in the act. Alternate translation: “if someone is discovered in an act of sin” or (2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil. Alternate translation: “if someone gave in and sinned”
GAL 6 1 t4rm ὑμεῖς, οἱ πνευματικοὶ 1 you who are spiritual “those of you who are guided by the Spirit” or “you who are living in the guidance of the Spirit”
GAL 6 1 hdj8 καταρτίζετε τὸν τοιοῦτον 1 restore him “correct the person who sinned” or “exhort the person who sinned to return to a correct relationship with God”
GAL 6 1 tr5r ἐν πνεύματι πραΰτητος 1 in a spirit of gentleness Possible meanings are 1) that the Spirit is directing the one who is offering correction or 2) “with an attitude of gentleness” or “in a kind way.”
GAL 6 1 tr5r ἐν πνεύματι πραΰτητος 1 in a spirit of gentleness Possible meanings are (1) that the Spirit is directing the one who is offering correction or (2) “with an attitude of gentleness” or “in a kind way.”
GAL 6 1 rrg9 figs-you σκοπῶν σεαυτόν 1 Be concerned about yourself These words treat the Galatians as though they are all one person to emphasize that he is talking to each of them. Alternate translation: “Be concerned about yourselves” or “I say to each one of you, ‘Be concerned about yourself’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
GAL 6 1 ljx6 figs-activepassive μὴ καὶ σὺ πειρασθῇς 1 so you also may not be tempted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that nothing will tempt you also to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 6 3 v6ts εἰ γὰρ 1 For if “Because if.” The words that follow tell why the Galatians should 1) “carry one other’s burdens” ([Galatians 6:2](../06/02.md)) or 2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](../06/01.md)) or 3) “not become conceited” ([Galatians 5:26](../05/26.md)).
GAL 6 3 v6ts εἰ γὰρ 1 For if “Because if.” The words that follow tell why the Galatians should (1) “carry one other’s burdens” ([Galatians 6:2](../06/02.md)) or (2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](../06/01.md)) or (3) “not become conceited” ([Galatians 5:26](../05/26.md)).
GAL 6 3 m4wk εἶναί τι 1 he is something “he is someone important” or “he is better than others”
GAL 6 3 zz1g μηδὲν ὤν 1 he is nothing “he is not important” or “he is not better than others”
GAL 6 4 ra85 δοκιμαζέτω ἕκαστος 1 Each one should “Each person must”
@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ GAL 6 10 ax66 ἄρα οὖν 1 So then “As a result of this” or “Because
GAL 6 10 ud5u μάλιστα δὲ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους 1 especially…to those “most of all…to those” or “in particular…to those”
GAL 6 10 jz9i τοὺς οἰκείους τῆς πίστεως 1 those who belong to the household of faith “those who are members of God’s family through faith in Christ”
GAL 6 11 i7ap 0 Connecting Statement: As Paul closes this letter, he gives one more reminder that the law does not save and that they should remember the cross of Christ.
GAL 6 11 wti2 πηλίκοις…γράμμασιν 1 large letters This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize 1) the statements that follow or 2) that this letter came from him.
GAL 6 11 d6rk τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί 1 with my own hand Possible meanings are 1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or 2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself.
GAL 6 11 wti2 πηλίκοις…γράμμασιν 1 large letters This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize (1) the statements that follow or (2) that this letter came from him.
GAL 6 11 d6rk τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί 1 with my own hand Possible meanings are (1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or (2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself.
GAL 6 12 kmd7 εὐπροσωπῆσαι 1 make a good impression “cause others to think well of them” or “cause others to think that they are good people”
GAL 6 12 r5p1 ἐν σαρκί 1 in the flesh “with visible evidence” or “by their own efforts”
GAL 6 12 jk57 οὗτοι ἀναγκάζουσιν 1 to compel “to force” or “to strongly influence”
@ -312,14 +312,14 @@ GAL 6 13 bb5a ἵνα ἐν τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ σαρκὶ καυχήσων
GAL 6 14 g7hh ἐμοὶ δὲ, μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ 1 But may I never boast except in the cross “I do not ever want to boast in anything other than the cross” or “May I boast only in the cross”
GAL 6 14 s6ic figs-activepassive ἐμοὶ…κόσμος ἐσταύρωται 1 the world has been crucified to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I think of the world as already dead” or “I treat the world like a criminal God has killed on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 6 14 v2qs figs-ellipsis κἀγὼ κόσμῳ 1 I to the world The words “have been crucified” are understood from the phrase before this. Alternate translation: “and I have been crucified to the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
GAL 6 14 m45b κἀγὼ κόσμῳ 1 I to the world Possible meanings are 1) “the world thinks of me as already dead” or 2) “the world treats me like a criminal that God has killed on the cross”
GAL 6 14 s9lx κόσμος 1 the world Possible meanings are 1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or 2) the things that those who care nothing for God think are important.
GAL 6 14 m45b κἀγὼ κόσμῳ 1 I to the world Possible meanings are (1) “the world thinks of me as already dead” or (2) “the world treats me like a criminal that God has killed on the cross”
GAL 6 14 s9lx κόσμος 1 the world Possible meanings are (1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or (2) the things that those who care nothing for God think are important.
GAL 6 15 exj8 τὶ ἐστιν 1 counts for anything “is important to God”
GAL 6 15 n6n7 καινὴ κτίσις 1 a new creation Possible meanings are 1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or 2) the new life of a believer.
GAL 6 16 b4al εἰρήνη ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἔλεος, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 peace and mercy be upon them, even upon the Israel of God Possible meanings are 1) that believers in general are the Israel of God or 2) “may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and upon the Israel of God” or 3) “may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God.”
GAL 6 15 n6n7 καινὴ κτίσις 1 a new creation Possible meanings are (1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or (2) the new life of a believer.
GAL 6 16 b4al εἰρήνη ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἔλεος, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 peace and mercy be upon them, even upon the Israel of God Possible meanings are (1) that believers in general are the Israel of God or (2) “may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and upon the Israel of God” or (3) “may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God.”
GAL 6 17 v963 τοῦ λοιποῦ 1 From now on This can also mean “Lastly” or “As I end this letter.”
GAL 6 17 dm22 κόπους μοι μηδεὶς παρεχέτω 1 let no one trouble me Possible meanings are 1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, “I am commanding you this: do not trouble me,” or 2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, “I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me,” or 3) Paul is expressing a desire, “I do not want anyone to trouble me.”
GAL 6 17 cz8a κόπους μοι 1 trouble me Possible meanings are 1) “speak of these matters to me” or 2) “cause me hardship” or “give me hard work.”
GAL 6 17 dm22 κόπους μοι μηδεὶς παρεχέτω 1 let no one trouble me Possible meanings are (1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, “I am commanding you this: do not trouble me,” or (2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, “I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me,” or (3) Paul is expressing a desire, “I do not want anyone to trouble me.”
GAL 6 17 cz8a κόπους μοι 1 trouble me Possible meanings are (1) “speak of these matters to me” or (2) “cause me hardship” or “give me hard work.”
GAL 6 17 j729 ἐγὼ γὰρ τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματί μου βαστάζω 1 for I carry on my body the marks of Jesus These marks were scars from people who beat and whipped Paul because they did not like him teaching about Jesus. Alternate translation: “for the scars on my body show that I serve Jesus”
GAL 6 18 b64i ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit “I pray that the Lord Jesus will be kind to your spirit”
GAL 6 18 pk25 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
23 GAL 1 11 llg6 0 Connecting Statement: Paul explains that he did not learn the gospel from others; he learned it from Jesus Christ.
24 GAL 1 11 g1qg ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
25 GAL 1 11 k33s ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον 1 not man’s gospel By using this phrase, Paul was not trying to say that Jesus Christ is not himself human. Because Christ is both man and God, however, he is not a sinful human being. Paul is writing about where the gospel came from; that it did not come from other sinful human beings, but it came from Jesus Christ.
26 GAL 1 12 wed1 δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 it was by revelation of Jesus Christ to me Possible meanings are 1) “Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me” or 2) “God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was.” Possible meanings are (1) “Jesus Christ himself revealed the gospel to me” or (2) “God made me know the gospel when he showed me who Jesus Christ was.”
27 GAL 1 13 f3gl ἀναστροφήν ποτε 1 former life “behavior at one time” or “prior life” or “earlier life”
28 GAL 1 14 r44z καὶ προέκοπτον 1 I advanced This metaphor pictures Paul as being ahead of other Jews his age in their goal to be perfect Jews.
29 GAL 1 14 s81t συνηλικιώτας 1 those who were my own age “the Jewish people who are the same age as I am”
30 GAL 1 14 f1z8 τῶν πατρικῶν μου 1 my fathers “my ancestors”
31 GAL 1 15 wd26 καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 who called me through his grace Possible meanings are 1) “God called me to serve him because he is gracious” or 2) “He called me by means of his grace.” Possible meanings are (1) “God called me to serve him because he is gracious” or (2) “He called me by means of his grace.”
32 GAL 1 16 l97h ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 to reveal his Son in me Possible meanings are 1) “to allow me to know his Son” or 2) “to show the world through me that Jesus is God’s Son.” Possible meanings are (1) “to allow me to know his Son” or (2) “to show the world through me that Jesus is God’s Son.”
33 GAL 1 16 l5bb guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱὸν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
34 GAL 1 16 xx4c εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν 1 preach him “proclaim that he is God’s Son” or “preach the good news about God’s Son”
35 GAL 1 16 qme5 figs-idiom προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι 1 consult with flesh and blood This is an expression that means talking with other people. Alternate translation: “ask people to help me understand the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69 GAL 2 12 a6gv ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν 1 kept away from “stayed away from” or “avoided”
70 GAL 2 14 sg53 οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 not following the truth of the gospel “they were not living like people who believe the gospel” or “they were living as though they did not believe the gospel”
71 GAL 2 14 z4fp figs-rquestion πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν 1 how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews? This rhetorical question is a rebuke and can be translated as a statement. The word “you” is singular and refers to Peter. Alternate translation: “you are wrong to force the Gentiles to live like Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
72 GAL 2 14 y1zw ἀναγκάζεις 1 force Possible meanings are 1) force by using words or 2) persuade . Possible meanings are (1) force by using words or (2) persuade .
73 GAL 2 15 p3x8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells the believers that Jews who know the law, as well as Gentiles who do not know the law, are saved only by faith in Christ and not by keeping the law.
74 GAL 2 15 tz45 οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί 1 not Gentile sinners “not those whom the Jews call Gentile sinners”
75 GAL 2 16 zy8p καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν 1 We also came to faith in Christ Jesus “We believed in Christ Jesus”
96 GAL 3 4 iyj1 figs-rquestion τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ 1 Have you suffered so many things for nothing…? Paul uses this question to remind the Galatians that when they were suffering, they believed that they would receive some benefit. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not think that you were suffering so many things for nothing…!” or “Surely you knew that there was some good purpose for suffering so many things…!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
97 GAL 3 4 qn1a figs-explicit τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ 1 Have you suffered so many things for nothing It can be stated clearly that they had suffered these things because of people who opposed them for their faith in Christ. Alternate translation: “Have you suffered so many things by those who opposed you for your faith in Christ for nothing” or “You believed in Christ, and you suffered many things by those who oppose Christ. Were your belief and suffering for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98 GAL 3 4 nq68 εἰκῇ 1 for nothing “uselessly” or “without the hope of receiving something good”
99 GAL 3 4 xl9l figs-rquestion εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ 1 if indeed it was for nothing? Possible meanings are 1) Paul uses this rhetorical question to warn them not to let their experiences be for nothing. Alternate translation: “Do not let it be for nothing!” or “Do not stop believing in Jesus Christ and let your suffering be for nothing.” or 2) Paul uses this question to assure them that their suffering was not for nothing. Alternate translation: “It was certainly not for nothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul uses this rhetorical question to warn them not to let their experiences be for nothing. Alternate translation: “Do not let it be for nothing!” or “Do not stop believing in Jesus Christ and let your suffering be for nothing.” or (2) Paul uses this question to assure them that their suffering was not for nothing. Alternate translation: “It was certainly not for nothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
100 GAL 3 5 s3bc figs-rquestion ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως 1 Does he…do so by the works of the law, or by hearing with faith? Paul asks another rhetorical question to remind the Galatians how people receive the Spirit. Alternate translation: “He…does not do it by the works of the law; he does it by hearing with faith.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
101 GAL 3 5 j4vz ἐξ ἔργων νόμου 1 by the works of the law This represents people doing the works that the law requires. Alternate translation: “because you do what the law tells us to do”
102 GAL 3 5 e17q figs-explicit ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως 1 by hearing with faith Your language may require that what the people heard and whom they trusted be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because you heard the message and had faith in Jesus” or “because you listened to the message and trusted in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113 GAL 3 11 k6k5 ἐν νόμῳ, οὐδεὶς δικαιοῦται παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 no one is justified before God by the law This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “God justifies no one by the law”
114 GAL 3 11 k1pq figs-explicit ἐν νόμῳ, οὐδεὶς δικαιοῦται παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 no one is justified before God by the law Paul is correcting their believe that if they obeyed the law, God would justify them. Alternate translation: “no one is justified before God by obeying the law” or “God does not justify anyone for their obedience to the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115 GAL 3 11 i537 figs-nominaladj ὁ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται 1 the righteous will live by faith The nominal adjective “righteous” refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “righteous people will live by faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
116 GAL 3 12 rep5 ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 must live by them Possible meanings are 1) “must obey them all” or 2) “will be judged by his ability to do what the law demands.” Possible meanings are (1) “must obey them all” or (2) “will be judged by his ability to do what the law demands.”
117 GAL 3 13 x2lc 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds these believers again that keeping the law could not save a person and that the law did not add a new condition to the promise by faith given to Abraham.
118 GAL 3 13 ml63 ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου 1 from the curse of the law The noun “curse” can be expressed with the verb “curse.” Alternate translation: “from being cursed because of the law” or “from being cursed for not obeying the law”
119 GAL 3 13 mp4p figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου, γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα…ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς 1 from the curse of the law…becoming a curse for us…Cursed is everyone The word “curse” here is a metonym for God condemning the person whom he has cursed. Alternate translation: “from us having God condemn us because we broke the law…having God condemn him instead of us…God condemns everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
139 GAL 3 21 e43u κατὰ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν 1 against the promises “opposed to the promises” or “in conflict with the promises”
140 GAL 3 21 b8xx figs-activepassive εἰ…ἐδόθη νόμος ὁ δυνάμενος ζῳοποιῆσαι 1 if a law had been given that could give life This can be stated in active form, and the abstract noun “life” can be translated with the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “if God had given a law that enabled those who kept it to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
141 GAL 3 21 iyg9 ἐν νόμου ἂν ἦν ἡ δικαιοσύνη 1 righteousness would certainly have come by the law “we could have become righteous by obeying that law”
142 GAL 3 22 n5js συνέκλεισεν ἡ Γραφὴ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν, ἵνα ἡ ἐπαγγελία ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοθῇ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν 1 scripture imprisoned everything under sin. God did this so that the promise to save us by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe Other possible meanings are 1) “because we all sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe” or 2) “because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe.” Other possible meanings are (1) “because we all sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison, so that what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he might give to those who believe” or (2) “because we sin, God put all things under the control of the law, like putting them in prison. He did this because what he has promised to those who have faith in Christ Jesus he wants to give to those who believe.”
143 GAL 3 22 jbn7 figs-personification Γραφὴ 1 scripture Paul is treating scripture as though it were a person and is speaking of God, who wrote scripture. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
144 GAL 3 23 rch2 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds those in Galatia that believers are free in God’s family, not slaves under the law.
145 GAL 3 23 su16 figs-activepassive ὑπὸ νόμον ἐφρουρούμεθα, συνκλειόμενοι 1 we were held captive under the law, imprisoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the law held us captive and we were in prison” or “the law held us captive in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149 GAL 3 24 m7jy εἰς Χριστόν 1 until Christ came “until the time when Christ came”
150 GAL 3 24 s8g5 figs-activepassive ἵνα…δικαιωθῶμεν 1 so that we might be justified Before Christ came, God had planned to justify us. When Christ came, he carried out his plan to justify us. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God would declare us to be righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
151 GAL 3 27 v6n1 ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε 1 For as many of you who were baptized into Christ “For all of you who were baptized into Christ”
152 GAL 3 27 di9v figs-metaphor Χριστὸν…ἐνεδύσασθε 1 have clothed yourselves with Christ Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. Alternate translation: “have become united with Christ” or “belong to Christ” or 2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. Alternate translation: “have become like Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. Alternate translation: “have become united with Christ” or “belong to Christ” or (2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. Alternate translation: “have become like Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153 GAL 3 28 tyb8 οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ 1 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female “God sees no difference between Jew and Greek, slave and free, male and female”
154 GAL 3 29 qp4z figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι 1 heirs The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155 GAL 4 intro h6gw 0 # Galatians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sonship<br>Sonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israel’s sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abraham’s physical descendants inherited God’s promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them “children of promise.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Abba, Father<br>“Abba” is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul “transliterates” its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
160 GAL 4 3 d6v9 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The word “we” here refers to all Christians, including Paul’s readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
161 GAL 4 3 n21q figs-metaphor ὅτε ἦμεν νήπιοι 1 when we were children Here “children” is a metaphor for being spiritually immature. Alternate translation: “when we were like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
162 GAL 4 3 cd2w figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς…ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι 1 we were enslaved to the elemental principles of the world Here “enslaved” is a metaphor being unable to stop one’s self from doing something. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the elemental principles of the world controlled us” or “we had to obey the elemental principles of the world as if we were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163 GAL 4 3 u462 τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου 1 the elemental principles of the world Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world, or 2) this refers to spiritual powers, which some people thought control what happens on earth. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world, or (2) this refers to spiritual powers, which some people thought control what happens on earth.
164 GAL 4 4 l5tf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱὸν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
165 GAL 4 5 v5cb figs-metaphor ἐξαγοράσῃ 1 redeem Paul uses the metaphor of a person buying back lost property or buying the freedom of a slave as a picture of Jesus paying for his people’s sins by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166 GAL 4 6 a274 ἐστε υἱοί 1 you are sons Paul uses the word for male child here because the subject is inheritance. In his culture and that of his readers, inheritance passed most commonly, but not always, to male children. He was neither specifying nor excluding female children here.
208 GAL 4 27 jql2 εὐφράνθητι 1 Rejoice be happy
209 GAL 4 27 ih2f figs-you στεῖρα…ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα 1 you barren one…you who are not suffering Here “you” refers to the barren woman and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
210 GAL 4 28 ad75 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
211 GAL 4 28 ct63 ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Possible meanings are that the Galatians have become God’s children 1) by believing God’s promise or 2) because God worked miracles to fulfill his promises to Abraham, first by giving Abraham a son and then by making the Galatians children of Abraham and thus sons of God. Possible meanings are that the Galatians have become God’s children (1) by believing God’s promise or (2) because God worked miracles to fulfill his promises to Abraham, first by giving Abraham a son and then by making the Galatians children of Abraham and thus sons of God.
212 GAL 4 29 c9lf figs-metaphor κατὰ σάρκα 1 according to the flesh This refers to Abraham’s becoming Ishmael’s father by taking Hagar as a wife. Alternate translation: “by means of human action” or “because of what people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213 GAL 4 29 gt1e κατὰ Πνεῦμα 1 according to the Spirit “because of something the Spirit did”
214 GAL 4 31 sy8u ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
227 GAL 5 4 k6xe figs-explicit τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε 1 you no longer experience grace Who that grace comes from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God will not be gracious to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
228 GAL 5 5 pdm1 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
229 GAL 5 5 vvk6 γὰρ Πνεύματι 1 For through the Spirit “This is because through the Spirit”
230 GAL 5 5 qg9m ἡμεῖς…ἐκ πίστεως ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα 1 by faith, we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) “we are waiting by faith for the hope of righteousness” or 2) “we are waiting for the hope of righteousness that comes by faith.” Possible meanings are (1) “we are waiting by faith for the hope of righteousness” or (2) “we are waiting for the hope of righteousness that comes by faith.”
231 GAL 5 5 z3ga ἡμεῖς…ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα 1 we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness “we are waiting patiently and with excitement for God to put us right with himself forever, and we expect him to do it”
232 GAL 5 6 y2ww figs-metonymy οὔτε περιτομή…οὔτε ἀκροβυστία 1 neither circumcision nor uncircumcision These are metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew. Alternate translation: “neither being a Jew nor not being a Jew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
233 GAL 5 6 n1hc ἀλλὰ πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη 1 but only faith working through love “Rather, God is concerned with our faith in him, which we show by loving others”
239 GAL 5 10 enp1 οὐδὲν ἄλλο φρονήσετε 1 you will take no other view “you will not believe anything different from what I am telling you”
240 GAL 5 10 rb76 ὁ δὲ ταράσσων ὑμᾶς, βαστάσει τὸ κρίμα 1 The one who is troubling you will pay the penalty “God will punish the one who is troubling you”
241 GAL 5 10 jc72 ταράσσων ὑμᾶς 1 is troubling you “is causing you to be uncertain about what is truth” or “stirs up trouble among you”
242 GAL 5 10 llh5 ὅστις ἐὰν ᾖ 1 whoever he is Possible meanings are 1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the law of Moses or 2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who “confuse” them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious. Possible meanings are (1) Paul does not know the names of the people who are telling the Galatians that they need to obey the law of Moses or (2) Paul does not want the Galatians to care about whether those who “confuse” them are rich or poor or great or small or religious or not religious.
243 GAL 5 11 d4mm figs-rquestion ἐγὼ δέ, ἀδελφοί, εἰ περιτομὴν ἔτι κηρύσσω, τί ἔτι διώκομαι 1 Brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people are persecuting him because he is not preaching that people need to become Jews. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Brothers, you can see that I am not still proclaiming circumcision because the Jews are persecuting me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
244 GAL 5 11 nv5x ἀδελφοί 1 Brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
245 GAL 5 11 znh3 figs-hypo ἄρα κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 In that case the stumbling block of the cross has been removed Paul is describing a situation that does not exist to emphasize that people persecute him because he is preaching that God forgives people because of Jesus’ work on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
246 GAL 5 11 dtv9 ἄρα 1 In that case “If I were still saying that people need to become Jews”
247 GAL 5 11 y3ug figs-activepassive κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 the stumbling block of the cross has been removed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the teaching about the cross has no stumbling block” or “there is nothing in the teaching of the cross that would cause people to stumble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
248 GAL 5 11 arj5 figs-metaphor κατήργηται τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 the stumbling block of the cross has been removed Stumbling represents sinning, and a stumbling block represents something that causes people to sin. In this case the sin is to reject the truth of the teaching that in order to be made right with God, people only need to believe that Jesus died on the cross for us. Alternate translation: “the teaching about the cross that causes people to reject the truth has been removed” or “there is nothing in the teaching about Jesus dying on the cross that would lead people to reject the teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
249 GAL 5 12 sfl2 figs-metaphor ἀποκόψονται 1 castrate themselves Possible meanings are 1) literal, to cut off their male organs so as to become eunuchs or 2) metaphorical, completely withdraw from the Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) literal, to cut off their male organs so as to become eunuchs or (2) metaphorical, completely withdraw from the Christian community. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
250 GAL 5 13 y1g7 γὰρ 1 For Paul is giving the reason for his words in [Galatians 5:12](../05/12.md).
251 GAL 5 13 v6vs figs-activepassive ὑμεῖς…ἐπ’ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἐκλήθητε 1 you were called to freedom This can be expressed in an active form. Alternate translation: “Christ has called you to freedom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
252 GAL 5 13 ekb2 figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς…ἐπ’ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἐκλήθητε 1 you were called to freedom It is implied that Christ has set believers free from the old covenant. Here freedom from the old covenant is a metaphor for not being obligated to obey it. Alternate translation: “You were called to freedom from the old covenant” or “Christ has chosen you to not be obligated to the old covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253 GAL 5 13 yp6r ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
254 GAL 5 13 viv6 figs-explicit ἀφορμὴν τῇ σαρκί 1 an opportunity for the sinful nature The relationship between the opportunity and the sinful nature can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “an opportunity for you to behave according to your sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
255 GAL 5 14 ct8i ὁ…πᾶς νόμος ἐν ἑνὶ λόγῳ πεπλήρωται 1 the whole law is fulfilled in one command Possible meanings are 1) “you can state the whole law in just one commandment, which is this” or 2) “by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this.” Possible meanings are (1) “you can state the whole law in just one commandment, which is this” or (2) “by obeying one commandment, you obey all the commandments, and that one commandment is this.”
256 GAL 5 14 qt9c figs-you ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 You must love your neighbor as yourself The words “you,” “your,” and “yourself” are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
257 GAL 5 16 q8wk 0 Connecting Statement: Paul explains how the Spirit gives control over sin.
258 GAL 5 16 yb58 figs-metaphor Πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε 1 walk by the Spirit Walking is a metaphor for living. Alternate translation: “conduct your life in the power of the Holy Spirit” or “live your life in dependence on the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273 GAL 6 1 x8zg 0 Connecting Statement: Paul teaches believers how they should treat other believers and how God rewards.
274 GAL 6 1 ss7l ἀδελφοί 1 Brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).
275 GAL 6 1 vm8f ἐὰν…ἄνθρωπος 1 if someone “if anyone among you”
276 GAL 6 1 vts8 ἐὰν καὶ προλημφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἔν τινι παραπτώματι 1 if someone is caught in any trespass Possible meanings are 1) someone else found that person in the act. Alternate translation: “if someone is discovered in an act of sin” or 2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil. Alternate translation: “if someone gave in and sinned” Possible meanings are (1) someone else found that person in the act. Alternate translation: “if someone is discovered in an act of sin” or (2) that person committed the sin without intending to do evil. Alternate translation: “if someone gave in and sinned”
277 GAL 6 1 t4rm ὑμεῖς, οἱ πνευματικοὶ 1 you who are spiritual “those of you who are guided by the Spirit” or “you who are living in the guidance of the Spirit”
278 GAL 6 1 hdj8 καταρτίζετε τὸν τοιοῦτον 1 restore him “correct the person who sinned” or “exhort the person who sinned to return to a correct relationship with God”
279 GAL 6 1 tr5r ἐν πνεύματι πραΰτητος 1 in a spirit of gentleness Possible meanings are 1) that the Spirit is directing the one who is offering correction or 2) “with an attitude of gentleness” or “in a kind way.” Possible meanings are (1) that the Spirit is directing the one who is offering correction or (2) “with an attitude of gentleness” or “in a kind way.”
280 GAL 6 1 rrg9 figs-you σκοπῶν σεαυτόν 1 Be concerned about yourself These words treat the Galatians as though they are all one person to emphasize that he is talking to each of them. Alternate translation: “Be concerned about yourselves” or “I say to each one of you, ‘Be concerned about yourself’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
281 GAL 6 1 ljx6 figs-activepassive μὴ καὶ σὺ πειρασθῇς 1 so you also may not be tempted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that nothing will tempt you also to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
282 GAL 6 3 v6ts εἰ γὰρ 1 For if “Because if.” The words that follow tell why the Galatians should 1) “carry one other’s burdens” ([Galatians 6:2](../06/02.md)) or 2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](../06/01.md)) or 3) “not become conceited” ([Galatians 5:26](../05/26.md)). “Because if.” The words that follow tell why the Galatians should (1) “carry one other’s burdens” ([Galatians 6:2](../06/02.md)) or (2) be careful that they themselves are not tempted ([Galatians 6:1](../06/01.md)) or (3) “not become conceited” ([Galatians 5:26](../05/26.md)).
283 GAL 6 3 m4wk εἶναί τι 1 he is something “he is someone important” or “he is better than others”
284 GAL 6 3 zz1g μηδὲν ὤν 1 he is nothing “he is not important” or “he is not better than others”
285 GAL 6 4 ra85 δοκιμαζέτω ἕκαστος 1 Each one should “Each person must”
300 GAL 6 10 ud5u μάλιστα δὲ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους 1 especially…to those “most of all…to those” or “in particular…to those”
301 GAL 6 10 jz9i τοὺς οἰκείους τῆς πίστεως 1 those who belong to the household of faith “those who are members of God’s family through faith in Christ”
302 GAL 6 11 i7ap 0 Connecting Statement: As Paul closes this letter, he gives one more reminder that the law does not save and that they should remember the cross of Christ.
303 GAL 6 11 wti2 πηλίκοις…γράμμασιν 1 large letters This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize 1) the statements that follow or 2) that this letter came from him. This can mean that Paul wants to emphasize (1) the statements that follow or (2) that this letter came from him.
304 GAL 6 11 d6rk τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί 1 with my own hand Possible meanings are 1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or 2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself. Possible meanings are (1) Paul probably had a helper who wrote most of this letter as Paul told him what to write, but Paul himself wrote this last part of the letter or (2) Paul wrote the whole letter himself.
305 GAL 6 12 kmd7 εὐπροσωπῆσαι 1 make a good impression “cause others to think well of them” or “cause others to think that they are good people”
306 GAL 6 12 r5p1 ἐν σαρκί 1 in the flesh “with visible evidence” or “by their own efforts”
307 GAL 6 12 jk57 οὗτοι ἀναγκάζουσιν 1 to compel “to force” or “to strongly influence”
312 GAL 6 14 g7hh ἐμοὶ δὲ, μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ 1 But may I never boast except in the cross “I do not ever want to boast in anything other than the cross” or “May I boast only in the cross”
313 GAL 6 14 s6ic figs-activepassive ἐμοὶ…κόσμος ἐσταύρωται 1 the world has been crucified to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I think of the world as already dead” or “I treat the world like a criminal God has killed on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
314 GAL 6 14 v2qs figs-ellipsis κἀγὼ κόσμῳ 1 I to the world The words “have been crucified” are understood from the phrase before this. Alternate translation: “and I have been crucified to the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
315 GAL 6 14 m45b κἀγὼ κόσμῳ 1 I to the world Possible meanings are 1) “the world thinks of me as already dead” or 2) “the world treats me like a criminal that God has killed on the cross” Possible meanings are (1) “the world thinks of me as already dead” or (2) “the world treats me like a criminal that God has killed on the cross”
316 GAL 6 14 s9lx κόσμος 1 the world Possible meanings are 1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or 2) the things that those who care nothing for God think are important. Possible meanings are (1) the people of the world, those who care nothing for God or (2) the things that those who care nothing for God think are important.
317 GAL 6 15 exj8 τὶ ἐστιν 1 counts for anything “is important to God”
318 GAL 6 15 n6n7 καινὴ κτίσις 1 a new creation Possible meanings are 1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or 2) the new life of a believer. Possible meanings are (1) a new believer in Jesus Christ or (2) the new life of a believer.
319 GAL 6 16 b4al εἰρήνη ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἔλεος, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 peace and mercy be upon them, even upon the Israel of God Possible meanings are 1) that believers in general are the Israel of God or 2) “may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and upon the Israel of God” or 3) “may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God.” Possible meanings are (1) that believers in general are the Israel of God or (2) “may peace and mercy be upon Gentile believers and upon the Israel of God” or (3) “may peace be upon those who follow the rule, and may mercy be upon even the Israel of God.”
320 GAL 6 17 v963 τοῦ λοιποῦ 1 From now on This can also mean “Lastly” or “As I end this letter.”
321 GAL 6 17 dm22 κόπους μοι μηδεὶς παρεχέτω 1 let no one trouble me Possible meanings are 1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, “I am commanding you this: do not trouble me,” or 2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, “I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me,” or 3) Paul is expressing a desire, “I do not want anyone to trouble me.” Possible meanings are (1) Paul is commanding the Galatians not to trouble him, “I am commanding you this: do not trouble me,” or (2) Paul is telling the Galatians that he is commanding all people not to trouble him, “I am commanding everyone this: do not trouble me,” or (3) Paul is expressing a desire, “I do not want anyone to trouble me.”
322 GAL 6 17 cz8a κόπους μοι 1 trouble me Possible meanings are 1) “speak of these matters to me” or 2) “cause me hardship” or “give me hard work.” Possible meanings are (1) “speak of these matters to me” or (2) “cause me hardship” or “give me hard work.”
323 GAL 6 17 j729 ἐγὼ γὰρ τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματί μου βαστάζω 1 for I carry on my body the marks of Jesus These marks were scars from people who beat and whipped Paul because they did not like him teaching about Jesus. Alternate translation: “for the scars on my body show that I serve Jesus”
324 GAL 6 18 b64i ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit “I pray that the Lord Jesus will be kind to your spirit”
325 GAL 6 18 pk25 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated this in [Galatians 1:2](../01/02.md).

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ EPH 1 3 g6sj figs-activepassive εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πα
EPH 1 3 cr9h ὁ εὐλογήσας ἡμᾶς 1 who has blessed us “for God has blessed us”
EPH 1 3 m8qh πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ πνευματικῇ 1 every spiritual blessing “every blessing coming from the Spirit of God”
EPH 1 3 j2lk ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is.
EPH 1 3 v9qz figs-metaphor ἐν Χριστῷ 1 in Christ Possible meanings 1) the phrase “in Christ” refers to what Christ has done. Alternate translation: “through Christ” or “through what Christ has done” or 2) “in Christ” is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. Alternate translation: “by uniting us with Christ” or “because we are united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 3 v9qz figs-metaphor ἐν Χριστῷ 1 in Christ Possible meanings (1) the phrase “in Christ” refers to what Christ has done. Alternate translation: “through Christ” or “through what Christ has done” or (2) “in Christ” is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. Alternate translation: “by uniting us with Christ” or “because we are united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 4 ibv6 figs-doublet ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους 1 holy and blameless Paul uses two similar words to emphasize moral goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 1 5 fp7l 0 General Information: The words “his,” “He,” and “he” refer to God.
EPH 1 5 h7pn figs-inclusive προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν 1 God chose us beforehand for adoption The word “us” refers to Paul, the Ephesian church, and all believers in Christ. Alternate translation: “God planned long ago to adopt us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ EPH 1 6 s9qk ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ
EPH 1 6 x7jp τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ 1 the One he loves “the One he loves, Jesus Christ” or “his Son, whom he loves”
EPH 1 7 m9l4 figs-metaphor τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 riches of his grace Paul speaks of God’s grace as if it were material wealth. Alternate translation: “greatness of God’s grace” or “abundance of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 8 pg6j ἧς ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς ἡμᾶς 1 He lavished this grace upon us “He gave us this great amount of grace” or “He was extremely kind to us”
EPH 1 8 sw98 ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ φρονήσει 1 with all wisdom and understanding Possible meanings are 1) “because he has all wisdom and understanding” 2) “so that we might have great wisdom and understanding”
EPH 1 9 v71p κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 according to what pleased him Possible meanings are 1) “because he wanted to make it known to us” or 2) “which was what he wanted.”
EPH 1 8 sw98 ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ φρονήσει 1 with all wisdom and understanding Possible meanings are (1) “because he has all wisdom and understanding” (2) “so that we might have great wisdom and understanding”
EPH 1 9 v71p κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 according to what pleased him Possible meanings are (1) “because he wanted to make it known to us” or (2) “which was what he wanted.”
EPH 1 9 c2uk ἣν προέθετο ἐν αὐτῷ 1 which he demonstrated in Christ “he demonstrated this purpose in Christ”
EPH 1 9 u53h ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in Christ “by means of Christ”
EPH 1 10 n2sl εἰς οἰκονομίαν 1 with a view to a plan A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “He did this with a view to a plan” or “He did this, thinking about a plan”
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ EPH 1 12 gj44 figs-exclusive εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς 1 so that we m
EPH 1 12 zqm9 εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 so we would be for the praise of his glory “so that we would live to praise him for his glory”
EPH 1 12 jm4j figs-exclusive εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 so that we might be the first…so we would be for the praise Once again, the pronouns “we” refer to Paul and the other Jewish believers, not to the Ephesian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EPH 1 13 j1zc 0 General Information: Paul has been speaking in the previous two verses about himself and the other Jewish believers, but now he begins speaking about the Ephesian believers.
EPH 1 13 ac1e τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth” or 2) “the true message.”
EPH 1 13 ac1e τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Possible meanings are (1) “the message about the truth” or (2) “the true message.”
EPH 1 13 qgf9 figs-metaphor ἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ Πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, τῷ Ἁγίῳ 1 were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit Wax was placed on a letter and stamped with a symbol representing the person who wrote the letter. Paul uses this custom as a picture to show how God has used the Holy Spirit to assure us that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you with the Holy Spirit that he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 14 g6dw figs-metaphor ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν 1 the guarantee of our inheritance Receiving what God has promised is spoken of as though one inherits property or wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “the guarantee that we will receive what God has promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 15 d9qy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ EPH 1 20 ekj4 figs-metonymy καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ, ἐν
EPH 1 20 f3dh translate-symaction καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ 1 seated him at his right hand To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “seated him in the place of honor and authority beside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EPH 1 20 jrv1 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
EPH 1 21 k8k7 ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος 1 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings”
EPH 1 21 ra11 figs-activepassive παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου 1 every name that is named This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “every name that man gives” or 2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 21 x6qc figs-metonymy ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 1 21 ra11 figs-activepassive παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου 1 every name that is named This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “every name that man gives” or (2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 21 x6qc figs-metonymy ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 1 21 pym8 ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 in this age “at this time”
EPH 1 21 qw2x ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι 1 in the age to come “in the future”
EPH 1 22 jm9i figs-metonymy πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 all things under Christ’s feet Here “feet” represents Christ’s lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christ’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ EPH 2 3 zd6v figs-metaphor τέκνα…ὀργῆς 1 children of wrath people
EPH 2 4 chm6 Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει 1 God is rich in mercy “God is abundant in mercy” or “God is very kind to us”
EPH 2 4 hrx9 διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς 1 because of his great love with which he loved us “because of his great love for us” or “because he loves us very much”
EPH 2 5 h6km figs-activepassive χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 by grace you have been saved This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “God saved us because of his great kindness toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 2 6 na2n figs-pastforfuture συνήγειρεν 1 God raised us up together with Christ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given Paul and the believers in Ephesus new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given us new life because we belong to Christ” or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Ephesus can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “We can be sure that God will give us life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 6 na2n figs-pastforfuture συνήγειρεν 1 God raised us up together with Christ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are (1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given Paul and the believers in Ephesus new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given us new life because we belong to Christ” or (2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Ephesus can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “We can be sure that God will give us life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 6 b499 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
EPH 2 6 m6pq ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus “In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
EPH 2 7 y6cf ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις 1 in the ages to come “in the future”
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ EPH 2 11 diq1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds these believers that God ha
EPH 2 11 p7m2 figs-metaphor τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί 1 Gentiles in the flesh This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 11 e76g figs-metonymy ἀκροβυστία 1 uncircumcision Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God’s laws. Alternate translation: “uncircumcised pagans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 11 nlf2 figs-metonymy περιτομῆς 1 circumcision This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate translation: “circumcised people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 11 fb4r τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου 1 what is called the “circumcision” in the flesh made by human hands Possible meanings are 1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or 2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.”
EPH 2 11 fb4r τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου 1 what is called the “circumcision” in the flesh made by human hands Possible meanings are (1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or (2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.”
EPH 2 11 tf9i figs-activepassive ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης 1 by what is called This can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “by what people call” or “by those whom people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 2 12 u3vu χωρὶς Χριστοῦ 1 separated from Christ “unbelievers”
EPH 2 12 sti2 figs-metaphor ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας 1 strangers to the covenants of the promise Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God’s covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ EPH 3 5 iux3 τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ
EPH 3 6 pqy3 εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospel This is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers.
EPH 3 6 y88q figs-metaphor σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 6 wxs4 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus “In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possible meanings are 1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or 2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possible meanings are (1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or (2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
EPH 3 8 y97f figs-metaphor ἀνεξιχνίαστον 1 unsearchable unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 8 e96z figs-metaphor πλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 riches of Christ Paul speaks of the truth about Christ and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 9 f2zp figs-activepassive τοῦ μυστηρίου, τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι 1 the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things This can be stated in active form. “God, who created all things, kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ EPH 3 17 n87p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues the prayer he began in [E
EPH 3 17 wg1v κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will “grant” the Ephesians “according to the riches of his glory.” The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
EPH 3 17 q6yy figs-metonymy κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 3 17 g4g1 figs-metaphor ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that you will be rooted and grounded in his love Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 18 cja8 ἵνα ἐξισχύσητε καταλαβέσθαι 1 May you have strength so you can understand These words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are 1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or 2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand”
EPH 3 18 cja8 ἵνα ἐξισχύσητε καταλαβέσθαι 1 May you have strength so you can understand These words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are (1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or (2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand”
EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)). And “understand” is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do.
EPH 3 18 uu6l πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις 1 all the believers “all believers in Christ” or “all the saints”
EPH 3 18 ef4t figs-metaphor τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width, the length, the height, and the depth Possible meanings are 1) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom, Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” or 2) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how much Christ loves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 18 ef4t figs-metaphor τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width, the length, the height, and the depth Possible meanings are (1) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom, Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” or (2) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how much Christ loves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 19 rev9 γνῶναί…ἀγάπην τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 that you may know the love of Christ This is the second thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians will be able to do; the first is that they “understand.” Alternate translation: “that you can know how great Christ’s love for us is”
EPH 3 19 px4z ἵνα πληρωθῆτε εἰς πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 that you may be filled with all the fullness of God This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md)). The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)), and the second is that they “can understand” ([Ephesians 3:18](../03/18.md)).
EPH 3 20 jk5c figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The words “we” and “us” in this book continue to include Paul and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ EPH 4 7 u2bw figs-activepassive ἑνὶ…κάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη
EPH 4 8 wj8t ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος 1 When he ascended to the heights “When Christ went up into heaven”
EPH 4 9 e5at ἀνέβη 1 He ascended “Christ went up”
EPH 4 9 zu81 καὶ κατέβη 1 he also descended “Christ also came down”
EPH 4 9 eq56 εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς 1 into the lower regions of the earth Possible meanings are 1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or 2) “the lower regions” is another way of referring to the earth. Alternate translation: “into the lower regions, the earth”
EPH 4 9 eq56 εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς 1 into the lower regions of the earth Possible meanings are (1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or (2) “the lower regions” is another way of referring to the earth. Alternate translation: “into the lower regions, the earth”
EPH 4 10 w6t5 ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα 1 that he might fill all things “so that he might be present everywhere in his power”
EPH 4 10 b5ig πληρώσῃ 1 fill “complete” or “satisfy”
EPH 4 12 jx12 πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων 1 to equip the saints “to prepare the people he has set apart” or “to provide the believers with what they need”
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ EPH 4 18 k8qv figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδία
EPH 4 19 ldy8 figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 have handed themselves over to sensuality Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 20 e5vk ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν 1 But that is not how you learned about Christ The word “that” refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about Christ was not like that”
EPH 4 21 hy7r figs-irony εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 I assume that you have heard…and that you were taught Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
EPH 4 21 b3pn figs-activepassive ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 you were taught in him Possible meanings are 1) “Jesus’ people have taught you” or 2) “someone has taught you because you are Jesus’ people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 21 b3pn figs-activepassive ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 you were taught in him Possible meanings are (1) “Jesus’ people have taught you” or (2) “someone has taught you because you are Jesus’ people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 21 gdz6 καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 as the truth is in Jesus “as everything about Jesus is true”
EPH 4 22 h1ha figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν 1 to put off what belongs to your former manner of life Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living according to your former manner of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 22 j7n7 figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι…τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put off the old man Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living as your former self did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ EPH 5 11 v4d1 figs-metaphor ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις 1 unfruitf
EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 anything that becomes visible is light “people can clearly see everything that comes into the light.” Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 14 z4ar figs-apostrophe ἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Awake, you sleeper, and arise from the dead Possible meanings are 1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or 2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 14 z4ar figs-apostrophe ἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Awake, you sleeper, and arise from the dead Possible meanings are (1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or (2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 14 e873 ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To arise from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
EPH 5 14 ma8w figs-you ὁ καθεύδων…ἐπιφαύσει σοι 1 you sleeper…shine on you These instances of “you” refer to the “sleeper” and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EPH 5 14 ym6b figs-metaphor ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός 1 Christ will shine on you Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that darkness hid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -266,10 +266,10 @@ EPH 5 16 lrb6 figs-metonymy ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσι
EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit “Instead, you should be controlled with the Holy Spirit”
EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms and hymns and spiritual songs Possible meanings are that 1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or 2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms and hymns and spiritual songs Possible meanings are that (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EPH 5 19 n5jj ψαλμοῖς 1 psalms These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
EPH 5 19 g5ss ὕμνοις 1 hymns These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual songs Possible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or 2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual songs Possible meanings are (1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or (2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 5 19 v3ql figs-metonymy τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 with all your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 5 20 e6w5 ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “as people who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ”
EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ EPH 5 25 sx8d 0 General Information: Here the words “himself” and “he”
EPH 5 25 sm9e ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας 1 love your wives Here “love” refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives.
EPH 5 25 i24y ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν 1 gave himself up “allowed people to kill him”
EPH 5 25 kp8k figs-metaphor ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς 1 for her Paul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. Alternate translation: “for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 26 a9p5 figs-metaphor καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι 1 having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to God making Christ’s people clean by God’s word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul speaks of God making us spiritually clean from our sins by the message as if God were making our bodies clean by washing them with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 26 a9p5 figs-metaphor καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι 1 having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word Possible meanings are (1) Paul is referring to God making Christ’s people clean by God’s word and through water baptism in Christ or (2) Paul speaks of God making us spiritually clean from our sins by the message as if God were making our bodies clean by washing them with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 26 h6vx figs-metaphor αὐτὴν ἁγιάσῃ, καθαρίσας 1 make her holy…cleansed her Paul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. Alternate translation: “make us holy…cleansed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 27 d1sm figs-metaphor μὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον, ἢ ῥυτίδα 1 without stain or wrinkle Paul speaks of the church as though it were a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the church’s purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 5 27 jvi4 figs-doublet ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος 1 holy and without fault The phrase “without fault” means basically the same thing as “holy.” Paul uses the two together to emphasize the church’s purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ EPH 6 13 cy9h figs-metaphor ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐ
EPH 6 14 r5m7 figs-metaphor στῆτε οὖν 1 Stand, therefore The words “stand” represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated “stand firm” in [Ephesians 6:13](../06/13.md). “So resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 14 lbd4 figs-metaphor τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the belt of truth Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 14 zt21 ἀληθείᾳ…δικαιοσύνης 1 truth…righteousness We are to know the truth and act in ways that please God.
EPH 6 14 ij1q figs-metaphor τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the breastplate of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer’s heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or 2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier’s chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 14 ij1q figs-metaphor τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the breastplate of righteousness Possible meanings are (1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer’s heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or (2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier’s chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 15 f6w1 figs-metaphor καὶ ὑποδησάμενοι τοὺς πόδας ἐν ἑτοιμασίᾳ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης 1 Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peace Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 16 n65c figs-metaphor ἐν πᾶσιν ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως 1 In all circumstances take up the shield of faith The believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 16 djl5 figs-metaphor τὰ βέλη τοῦ πονηροῦ πεπυρωμένα 1 the flaming arrows of the evil one The attacks of the devil against a believer are like flaming arrows shot at a soldier by an enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
11 EPH 1 3 cr9h ὁ εὐλογήσας ἡμᾶς 1 who has blessed us “for God has blessed us”
12 EPH 1 3 m8qh πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ πνευματικῇ 1 every spiritual blessing “every blessing coming from the Spirit of God”
13 EPH 1 3 j2lk ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is.
14 EPH 1 3 v9qz figs-metaphor ἐν Χριστῷ 1 in Christ Possible meanings 1) the phrase “in Christ” refers to what Christ has done. Alternate translation: “through Christ” or “through what Christ has done” or 2) “in Christ” is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. Alternate translation: “by uniting us with Christ” or “because we are united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings (1) the phrase “in Christ” refers to what Christ has done. Alternate translation: “through Christ” or “through what Christ has done” or (2) “in Christ” is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. Alternate translation: “by uniting us with Christ” or “because we are united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15 EPH 1 4 ibv6 figs-doublet ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους 1 holy and blameless Paul uses two similar words to emphasize moral goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
16 EPH 1 5 fp7l 0 General Information: The words “his,” “He,” and “he” refer to God.
17 EPH 1 5 h7pn figs-inclusive προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν 1 God chose us beforehand for adoption The word “us” refers to Paul, the Ephesian church, and all believers in Christ. Alternate translation: “God planned long ago to adopt us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
22 EPH 1 6 x7jp τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ 1 the One he loves “the One he loves, Jesus Christ” or “his Son, whom he loves”
23 EPH 1 7 m9l4 figs-metaphor τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 riches of his grace Paul speaks of God’s grace as if it were material wealth. Alternate translation: “greatness of God’s grace” or “abundance of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24 EPH 1 8 pg6j ἧς ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς ἡμᾶς 1 He lavished this grace upon us “He gave us this great amount of grace” or “He was extremely kind to us”
25 EPH 1 8 sw98 ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ φρονήσει 1 with all wisdom and understanding Possible meanings are 1) “because he has all wisdom and understanding” 2) “so that we might have great wisdom and understanding” Possible meanings are (1) “because he has all wisdom and understanding” (2) “so that we might have great wisdom and understanding”
26 EPH 1 9 v71p κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 according to what pleased him Possible meanings are 1) “because he wanted to make it known to us” or 2) “which was what he wanted.” Possible meanings are (1) “because he wanted to make it known to us” or (2) “which was what he wanted.”
27 EPH 1 9 c2uk ἣν προέθετο ἐν αὐτῷ 1 which he demonstrated in Christ “he demonstrated this purpose in Christ”
28 EPH 1 9 u53h ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in Christ “by means of Christ”
29 EPH 1 10 n2sl εἰς οἰκονομίαν 1 with a view to a plan A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “He did this with a view to a plan” or “He did this, thinking about a plan”
35 EPH 1 12 zqm9 εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 so we would be for the praise of his glory “so that we would live to praise him for his glory”
36 EPH 1 12 jm4j figs-exclusive εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 so that we might be the first…so we would be for the praise Once again, the pronouns “we” refer to Paul and the other Jewish believers, not to the Ephesian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
37 EPH 1 13 j1zc 0 General Information: Paul has been speaking in the previous two verses about himself and the other Jewish believers, but now he begins speaking about the Ephesian believers.
38 EPH 1 13 ac1e τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth” or 2) “the true message.” Possible meanings are (1) “the message about the truth” or (2) “the true message.”
39 EPH 1 13 qgf9 figs-metaphor ἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ Πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, τῷ Ἁγίῳ 1 were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit Wax was placed on a letter and stamped with a symbol representing the person who wrote the letter. Paul uses this custom as a picture to show how God has used the Holy Spirit to assure us that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you with the Holy Spirit that he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40 EPH 1 14 g6dw figs-metaphor ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν 1 the guarantee of our inheritance Receiving what God has promised is spoken of as though one inherits property or wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “the guarantee that we will receive what God has promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41 EPH 1 15 d9qy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
55 EPH 1 20 f3dh translate-symaction καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ 1 seated him at his right hand To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “seated him in the place of honor and authority beside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
56 EPH 1 20 jrv1 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
57 EPH 1 21 k8k7 ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος 1 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings”
58 EPH 1 21 ra11 figs-activepassive παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου 1 every name that is named This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “every name that man gives” or 2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “every name that man gives” or (2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59 EPH 1 21 x6qc figs-metonymy ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60 EPH 1 21 pym8 ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 in this age “at this time”
61 EPH 1 21 qw2x ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι 1 in the age to come “in the future”
62 EPH 1 22 jm9i figs-metonymy πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 all things under Christ’s feet Here “feet” represents Christ’s lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christ’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
75 EPH 2 4 chm6 Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει 1 God is rich in mercy “God is abundant in mercy” or “God is very kind to us”
76 EPH 2 4 hrx9 διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς 1 because of his great love with which he loved us “because of his great love for us” or “because he loves us very much”
77 EPH 2 5 h6km figs-activepassive χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 by grace you have been saved This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “God saved us because of his great kindness toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78 EPH 2 6 na2n figs-pastforfuture συνήγειρεν 1 God raised us up together with Christ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given Paul and the believers in Ephesus new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given us new life because we belong to Christ” or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Ephesus can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “We can be sure that God will give us life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are (1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given Paul and the believers in Ephesus new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given us new life because we belong to Christ” or (2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Ephesus can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “We can be sure that God will give us life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
79 EPH 2 6 b499 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
80 EPH 2 6 m6pq ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus “In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
81 EPH 2 7 y6cf ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις 1 in the ages to come “in the future”
88 EPH 2 11 p7m2 figs-metaphor τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί 1 Gentiles in the flesh This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89 EPH 2 11 e76g figs-metonymy ἀκροβυστία 1 uncircumcision Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God’s laws. Alternate translation: “uncircumcised pagans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90 EPH 2 11 nlf2 figs-metonymy περιτομῆς 1 circumcision This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate translation: “circumcised people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91 EPH 2 11 fb4r τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου 1 what is called the “circumcision” in the flesh made by human hands Possible meanings are 1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or 2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.” Possible meanings are (1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or (2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.”
92 EPH 2 11 tf9i figs-activepassive ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης 1 by what is called This can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “by what people call” or “by those whom people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93 EPH 2 12 u3vu χωρὶς Χριστοῦ 1 separated from Christ “unbelievers”
94 EPH 2 12 sti2 figs-metaphor ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας 1 strangers to the covenants of the promise Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God’s covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133 EPH 3 6 pqy3 εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospel This is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers.
134 EPH 3 6 y88q figs-metaphor σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135 EPH 3 6 wxs4 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus “In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
136 EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possible meanings are 1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or 2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise. Possible meanings are (1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or (2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
137 EPH 3 8 y97f figs-metaphor ἀνεξιχνίαστον 1 unsearchable unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138 EPH 3 8 e96z figs-metaphor πλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 riches of Christ Paul speaks of the truth about Christ and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139 EPH 3 9 f2zp figs-activepassive τοῦ μυστηρίου, τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι 1 the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things This can be stated in active form. “God, who created all things, kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156 EPH 3 17 wg1v κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will “grant” the Ephesians “according to the riches of his glory.” The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
157 EPH 3 17 q6yy figs-metonymy κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
158 EPH 3 17 g4g1 figs-metaphor ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that you will be rooted and grounded in his love Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159 EPH 3 18 cja8 ἵνα ἐξισχύσητε καταλαβέσθαι 1 May you have strength so you can understand These words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are 1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or 2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand” These words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are (1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or (2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand”
160 EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)). And “understand” is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do.
161 EPH 3 18 uu6l πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις 1 all the believers “all believers in Christ” or “all the saints”
162 EPH 3 18 ef4t figs-metaphor τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width, the length, the height, and the depth Possible meanings are 1) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom, Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” or 2) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how much Christ loves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom, Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” or (2) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how much Christ loves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163 EPH 3 19 rev9 γνῶναί…ἀγάπην τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 that you may know the love of Christ This is the second thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians will be able to do; the first is that they “understand.” Alternate translation: “that you can know how great Christ’s love for us is”
164 EPH 3 19 px4z ἵνα πληρωθῆτε εἰς πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 that you may be filled with all the fullness of God This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md)). The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)), and the second is that they “can understand” ([Ephesians 3:18](../03/18.md)).
165 EPH 3 20 jk5c figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The words “we” and “us” in this book continue to include Paul and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
182 EPH 4 8 wj8t ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος 1 When he ascended to the heights “When Christ went up into heaven”
183 EPH 4 9 e5at ἀνέβη 1 He ascended “Christ went up”
184 EPH 4 9 zu81 καὶ κατέβη 1 he also descended “Christ also came down”
185 EPH 4 9 eq56 εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς 1 into the lower regions of the earth Possible meanings are 1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or 2) “the lower regions” is another way of referring to the earth. Alternate translation: “into the lower regions, the earth” Possible meanings are (1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or (2) “the lower regions” is another way of referring to the earth. Alternate translation: “into the lower regions, the earth”
186 EPH 4 10 w6t5 ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα 1 that he might fill all things “so that he might be present everywhere in his power”
187 EPH 4 10 b5ig πληρώσῃ 1 fill “complete” or “satisfy”
188 EPH 4 12 jx12 πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων 1 to equip the saints “to prepare the people he has set apart” or “to provide the believers with what they need”
213 EPH 4 19 ldy8 figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 have handed themselves over to sensuality Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214 EPH 4 20 e5vk ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν 1 But that is not how you learned about Christ The word “that” refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about Christ was not like that”
215 EPH 4 21 hy7r figs-irony εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 I assume that you have heard…and that you were taught Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
216 EPH 4 21 b3pn figs-activepassive ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 you were taught in him Possible meanings are 1) “Jesus’ people have taught you” or 2) “someone has taught you because you are Jesus’ people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Possible meanings are (1) “Jesus’ people have taught you” or (2) “someone has taught you because you are Jesus’ people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
217 EPH 4 21 gdz6 καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 as the truth is in Jesus “as everything about Jesus is true”
218 EPH 4 22 h1ha figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν 1 to put off what belongs to your former manner of life Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living according to your former manner of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219 EPH 4 22 j7n7 figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι…τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put off the old man Paul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living as your former self did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
256 EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257 EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
258 EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 anything that becomes visible is light “people can clearly see everything that comes into the light.” Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259 EPH 5 14 z4ar figs-apostrophe ἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Awake, you sleeper, and arise from the dead Possible meanings are 1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or 2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or (2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260 EPH 5 14 e873 ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To arise from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
261 EPH 5 14 ma8w figs-you ὁ καθεύδων…ἐπιφαύσει σοι 1 you sleeper…shine on you These instances of “you” refer to the “sleeper” and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
262 EPH 5 14 ym6b figs-metaphor ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός 1 Christ will shine on you Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that darkness hid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266 EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
267 EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
268 EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit “Instead, you should be controlled with the Holy Spirit”
269 EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms and hymns and spiritual songs Possible meanings are that 1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or 2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) Possible meanings are that (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
270 EPH 5 19 n5jj ψαλμοῖς 1 psalms These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
271 EPH 5 19 g5ss ὕμνοις 1 hymns These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
272 EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual songs Possible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or 2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Possible meanings are (1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or (2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
273 EPH 5 19 v3ql figs-metonymy τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 with all your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274 EPH 5 20 e6w5 ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “as people who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ”
275 EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
278 EPH 5 25 sm9e ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας 1 love your wives Here “love” refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives.
279 EPH 5 25 i24y ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν 1 gave himself up “allowed people to kill him”
280 EPH 5 25 kp8k figs-metaphor ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς 1 for her Paul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. Alternate translation: “for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
281 EPH 5 26 a9p5 figs-metaphor καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι 1 having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to God making Christ’s people clean by God’s word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul speaks of God making us spiritually clean from our sins by the message as if God were making our bodies clean by washing them with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is referring to God making Christ’s people clean by God’s word and through water baptism in Christ or (2) Paul speaks of God making us spiritually clean from our sins by the message as if God were making our bodies clean by washing them with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
282 EPH 5 26 h6vx figs-metaphor αὐτὴν ἁγιάσῃ, καθαρίσας 1 make her holy…cleansed her Paul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. Alternate translation: “make us holy…cleansed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283 EPH 5 27 d1sm figs-metaphor μὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον, ἢ ῥυτίδα 1 without stain or wrinkle Paul speaks of the church as though it were a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the church’s purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
284 EPH 5 27 jvi4 figs-doublet ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος 1 holy and without fault The phrase “without fault” means basically the same thing as “holy.” Paul uses the two together to emphasize the church’s purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
314 EPH 6 14 r5m7 figs-metaphor στῆτε οὖν 1 Stand, therefore The words “stand” represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated “stand firm” in [Ephesians 6:13](../06/13.md). “So resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
315 EPH 6 14 lbd4 figs-metaphor τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the belt of truth Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
316 EPH 6 14 zt21 ἀληθείᾳ…δικαιοσύνης 1 truth…righteousness We are to know the truth and act in ways that please God.
317 EPH 6 14 ij1q figs-metaphor τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the breastplate of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer’s heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or 2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier’s chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer’s heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or (2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier’s chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
318 EPH 6 15 f6w1 figs-metaphor καὶ ὑποδησάμενοι τοὺς πόδας ἐν ἑτοιμασίᾳ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης 1 Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peace Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
319 EPH 6 16 n65c figs-metaphor ἐν πᾶσιν ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως 1 In all circumstances take up the shield of faith The believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320 EPH 6 16 djl5 figs-metaphor τὰ βέλη τοῦ πονηροῦ πεπυρωμένα 1 the flaming arrows of the evil one The attacks of the devil against a believer are like flaming arrows shot at a soldier by an enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ PHP 1 9 l1cy figs-explicit ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθ
PHP 1 10 e17g δοκιμάζειν 1 approve This refers to examining things and taking only those that are good. Alternate translation: “test and choose”
PHP 1 10 s4ec τὰ διαφέροντα 1 what is excellent “what is most pleasing to God”
PHP 1 10 siv8 figs-doublet εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι 1 sincere and blameless The words “sincere” and “without offense” mean basically the same thing. Paul combines them to emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 1 11 lu5n figs-metaphor πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ Being filled with something is a metaphor that represents being characterized by it or by habitually doing it. Possible meanings of “fruit of righteousness” are that 1) it is a metaphor that represents righteous behavior. Alternate translation: “habitually doing what is righteous because Jesus Christ enables you” or 2) it is a metaphor that represents good deeds as a result of being righteous. Alternate translation: “habitually doing good works because Jesus makes you righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 11 hwg1 εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον Θεοῦ 1 to the glory and praise of God Possible meanings are 1) “Then other people will see how you honor God” or 2) “Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do.” These alternate translations would require a new sentence.
PHP 1 11 lu5n figs-metaphor πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ Being filled with something is a metaphor that represents being characterized by it or by habitually doing it. Possible meanings of “fruit of righteousness” are that (1) it is a metaphor that represents righteous behavior. Alternate translation: “habitually doing what is righteous because Jesus Christ enables you” or (2) it is a metaphor that represents good deeds as a result of being righteous. Alternate translation: “habitually doing good works because Jesus makes you righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 11 hwg1 εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον Θεοῦ 1 to the glory and praise of God Possible meanings are (1) “Then other people will see how you honor God” or (2) “Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do.” These alternate translations would require a new sentence.
PHP 1 12 uyc6 0 General Information: Paul says that two things have happened because of “the progress of the gospel”: many people inside and outside the palace have found out why he is in prison, and other Christians are no longer afraid to proclaim the good news.
PHP 1 12 yrp2 δὲ…βούλομαι 1 Now I want Here the word “Now” is used to mark a new part of the letter.
PHP 1 12 tu2t ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, because all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father.
@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ PHP 1 15 vw1s τινὲς μὲν καὶ…τὸν Χριστὸν κηρύσ
PHP 1 15 f32h διὰ φθόνον καὶ ἔριν 1 out of envy and strife “because they do not want people listening to me, and they want to cause trouble”
PHP 1 15 v1sb τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι’ εὐδοκίαν 1 and also others out of good will “but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help”
PHP 1 16 qf4p οἱ 1 The latter “Those who proclaim Christ out of good will”
PHP 1 16 ttr2 figs-activepassive εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι 1 I am put here for the defense of the gospel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God chose me to defend the gospel” or 2) “I am in prison because I defend the gospel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 1 16 ttr2 figs-activepassive εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι 1 I am put here for the defense of the gospel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God chose me to defend the gospel” or (2) “I am in prison because I defend the gospel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 1 16 st7k εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the defense of the gospel “to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true”
PHP 1 17 eq7s οἱ δὲ 1 But the former “But the others” or “But the ones who proclaim Christ out of envy and strife”
PHP 1 17 z8ty figs-metonymy τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου 1 while I am in chains Here the phrase “in chains” is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate translation: “while I am imprisoned” or “while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 1 18 z5ia figs-rquestion τί γάρ 1 What then? Paul uses this question to tell how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 15-17](./15.md). Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means “It does not matter.” or 2) the words “shall I think about this” are understood as part of the question. Alternate translation: “What then shall I think about this?” or “This is what I think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 1 18 z5ia figs-rquestion τί γάρ 1 What then? Paul uses this question to tell how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 15-17](./15.md). Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means “It does not matter.” or (2) the words “shall I think about this” are understood as part of the question. Alternate translation: “What then shall I think about this?” or “This is what I think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 1 18 ah9v πλὴν ὅτι παντὶ τρόπῳ, εἴτε προφάσει εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ, Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται 1 Only that in every way—whether from false motives or from true—Christ is proclaimed “As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons”
PHP 1 18 c8tr ἐν τούτῳ χαίρω 1 in this I rejoice “I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus”
PHP 1 18 cf58 χαρήσομαι 1 I will rejoice “I will celebrate” or “I will be glad”
@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ PHP 1 19 x3fs διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως, καὶ ἐπιχορ
PHP 1 19 c48j Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Spirit of Jesus Christ “Holy Spirit”
PHP 1 20 fh48 figs-doublet κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου 1 It is my eager expectation and certain hope Here the word “expectation” and the phrase “certain hope” mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. Alternate translation: “I eagerly and confidently hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 1 20 tk7l ἀλλ’ ἐν πάσῃ παρρησίᾳ 1 but that I will have complete boldness This is part of Paul’s expectation and hope. Alternate translation: “but that I will be very bold”
PHP 1 20 jz1z figs-metonymy μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body The phrase “my body” is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “I will honor Christ by what I do” or 2) “people will praise Christ because of what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 1 20 jz1z figs-metonymy μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body The phrase “my body” is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “I will honor Christ by what I do” or (2) “people will praise Christ because of what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 1 20 y78k εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου 1 whether by life or by death “whether I live or die” or “if I go on living or if I die”
PHP 1 21 p9b7 ἐμοὶ γὰρ 1 For to me These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul’s personal experience.
PHP 1 21 sxt5 figs-metaphor τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς 1 to live is Christ Here pleasing and serving Christ is spoken of as Paul’s only purpose for living. Alternate translation: “to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 21 n3jd figs-metaphor τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος 1 to die is gain Here death is spoken of as “gain.” Possible meanings for “gain” are 1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel or 2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 21 n3jd figs-metaphor τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος 1 to die is gain Here death is spoken of as “gain.” Possible meanings for “gain” are (1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel or (2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 22 a21c figs-metonymy εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί 1 But if I am to live in the flesh The word “flesh” here is a metonym for the body, and “living in the flesh” is a metonym for being alive. Alternate translation: “But if I am to remain alive in my body” or “But if I continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 1 22 y9fv καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι 1 Yet which to choose? “But which should I choose?”
PHP 1 22 mwl6 figs-metaphor τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου 1 that means fruitful labor for me The word “fruit” here refers to the good results of Paul’s work. Alternate translation: “that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ PHP 1 26 i9cl ἵνα…ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 so that in me “so that because of
PHP 1 27 cd3b figs-parallelism ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel The phrases “standing firm in one spirit” and “with one mind striving together” share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PHP 1 27 jey6 figs-metaphor μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες 1 with one mind striving together “striving together with one mind.” Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having one mind. Alternate translation: “agreeing with one another and striving together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 27 ej2s συναθλοῦντες 1 striving together “working hard together”
PHP 1 27 ya3h τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the faith of the gospel Possible meanings are 1) “to spread the faith that is based on the gospel” or 2) “to believe and live as the gospel teaches us”
PHP 1 27 ya3h τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the faith of the gospel Possible meanings are (1) “to spread the faith that is based on the gospel” or (2) “to believe and live as the gospel teaches us”
PHP 1 28 i9yt figs-you μὴ πτυρόμενοι ἐν μηδενὶ 1 Do not be frightened in any respect This is a command to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PHP 1 28 l495 ἥτις ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς ἔνδειξις ἀπωλείας, ὑμῶν δὲ σωτηρίας, καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 This is a sign to them of their destruction, but of your salvation—and this from God “Your courage will show them that God will destroy them. It will also show you that God will save you”
PHP 1 28 nb4b καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 and this from God “and this is from God.” Possible meanings are the word “this” refers to 1) the believers’ courage or 2) the sign or 3) destruction and salvation.
PHP 1 28 nb4b καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 and this from God “and this is from God.” Possible meanings are the word “this” refers to (1) the believers’ courage or (2) the sign or (3) destruction and salvation.
PHP 1 30 x4z3 τὸν αὐτὸν ἀγῶνα ἔχοντες, οἷον εἴδετε ἐν ἐμοὶ, καὶ νῦν ἀκούετε ἐν ἐμοί 1 having the same conflict which you saw in me, and now you hear in me “suffering in the same way that you saw me suffer, and that you hear I am still suffering”
PHP 2 intro ixw8 0 # Philippians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations, like the ULT, set apart the lines of verses 6-11. These verses describe the example of Christ. They teach important truths about the person of Jesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Practical instructions<br>In this chapter Paul gives many practical instructions to the church in Philippi.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “If there is any”<br>This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement. However, it is not a hypothetical statement, because it expresses something that is true. The translator may also translate this phrase as “Since there is.”<br>
PHP 2 1 xye5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul advises the believers to have unity and humility and reminds them of Christ’s example.
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ PHP 2 8 hi57 θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ 1 even death of a cross “ev
PHP 2 9 mvb7 figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα 1 the name that is above every name Here “name” is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. Alternate translation: “the rank that is above any other rank” or “the honor that is above any other honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 2 9 qsy9 figs-metaphor ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα 1 above every name The name is more important, more to be praised than any other name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 10 tk45 figs-synecdoche ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ 1 in the name of Jesus every knee should bend Here “knee” is a synecdoche for the whole person, and bending the knee to kneel on the ground is a metonym for worship. “In the name of” here is a metonym for the person, telling who it is they will worship. Alternate translation: “every person will worship Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 2 10 kfb4 καταχθονίων 1 under the earth Possible meanings are 1) the place where people go when they die or 2) the place where demons dwell.
PHP 2 10 kfb4 καταχθονίων 1 under the earth Possible meanings are (1) the place where people go when they die or (2) the place where demons dwell.
PHP 2 11 xy4f figs-synecdoche πᾶσα γλῶσσα 1 every tongue Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “every person” or “every being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PHP 2 11 mr2i figs-metaphor εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 to the glory of God the Father Here the word “to” expresses result: “with the result that they will praise God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 12 jnp3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example.
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ PHP 3 4 upw5 figs-hypo ἐγὼ ἔχων πεποίθησιν καὶ ἐν σ
PHP 3 4 u4f1 figs-rpronouns ἐγὼ 1 I myself Paul uses “myself” for emphasis. Alternate translation: “certainly I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
PHP 3 5 yq98 figs-activepassive περιτομῇ 1 I was circumcised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A priest circumcised me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 3 5 am85 ὀκταήμερος 1 the eighth day “seven days after I was born”
PHP 3 5 p4ik Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων 1 a Hebrew of Hebrews Possible meanings are 1) “a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents” or 2) “the purest Hebrew.”
PHP 3 5 p4ik Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων 1 a Hebrew of Hebrews Possible meanings are (1) “a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents” or (2) “the purest Hebrew.”
PHP 3 5 we4t κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος 1 with regard to the law, a Pharisee The Pharisees were committed to obeying all of the law. Being a Pharisee showed that Paul was committed to obeying all of the law. Alternate translation: “as a Pharisee, I was committed to obeying all of the law”
PHP 3 6 ksr3 κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 As for zeal, I persecuted the church Paul’s zeal was his enthusiasm for honoring God. He believed that by persecuting the church he proved how zealous he was for God. Alternate translation: “I had so much zeal for God that I persecuted the church” or “Because I wanted so much to honor God, I persecuted the church”
PHP 3 6 n51b διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 I persecuted the church “I attacked Christians”
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ PHP 3 9 g9a9 μὴ ἔχων ἐμὴν δικαιοσύνην, τὴν ἐκ
PHP 3 9 qw6g ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 but that which is through faith in Christ The word “that” refers to righteousness. Paul knows that he can become righteous only by believing in Christ. Alternate translation: “but having the righteousness that comes by believing in Christ”
PHP 3 10 vj4s τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ 1 the power of his resurrection “his power that gives us life”
PHP 3 10 xm68 κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 the fellowship of his sufferings “what it is like to suffer as he suffered” or “what it is like to participate in suffering with him”
PHP 3 10 xw42 figs-activepassive συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 becoming like him in his death Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died or 2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 10 xw42 figs-activepassive συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 becoming like him in his death Possible meanings are (1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died or (2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 11 l4rm εἴ πως καταντήσω εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 so somehow I may experience the resurrection from the dead The word “somehow” means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. “so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die”
PHP 3 12 xk5q 0 Connecting Statement: Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line.
PHP 3 12 ms3v ἔλαβον 1 received these things These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ’s suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)).
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ PHP 3 13 tzg8 ἀδελφοί 1 Brothers See how you translated this in [Philip
PHP 3 13 kqk7 figs-metaphor ἐμαυτὸν…κατειληφέναι 1 I myself have yet grasped it Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. Alternate translation: “all these things belong to me yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 13 ia2b figs-metaphor τὰ μὲν ὀπίσω ἐπιλανθανόμενος, τοῖς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτεινόμενος 1 I forget what is behind and strain for what is ahead Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the part of the race that is completed but only focuses on what is ahead, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focusing on the race of life that Christ has set before him to complete. Alternate translation: “I do not care what I have done in the past; I only work as hard as I can on what is ahead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 14 z39s figs-metaphor κατὰ σκοπὸν διώκω εἰς τὸ βραβεῖον τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 I press on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus As a runner presses onward to win the race, Paul presses onward in serving and living in obedience to Christ. Alternate translation: “I do all I can to be like Christ, like a runner racing to the finish line, so that I may belong to him, and God may call me to himself after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 14 lmr6 figs-metaphor τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως 1 the upward calling Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend 1) to heaven as Jesus did or 2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 14 lmr6 figs-metaphor τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως 1 the upward calling Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend (1) to heaven as Jesus did or (2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 15 de4y ὅσοι…τέλειοι, τοῦτο φρονῶμεν 1 All of us who are mature, let us think this way Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md). Alternate translation: “I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way”
PHP 3 15 yy22 καὶ τοῦτο ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῖν ἀποκαλύψει 1 God will also reveal that to you “God will also make it clear to you” or “God will make sure you know it”
PHP 3 16 pxn9 figs-inclusive εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν 1 whatever we have reached, let us hold on to it Paul uses “we” to include the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: “let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ PHP 3 19 hn9i figs-metaphor ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία 1 their god is
PHP 3 19 u9cl figs-metonymy ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν 1 their pride is in their shame Here “shame” stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 19 sv5z figs-metonymy οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες 1 They think about earthly things Here “earthly” refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate translation: “All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 20 q1cc figs-inclusive 0 General Information: By Paul’s use of “our” and “we” here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
PHP 3 20 n2lh ἡμῶν…τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει 1 our citizenship is in heaven Possible meanings are 1) “we are citizens of heaven” or 2) “our homeland is heaven” or 3) “our true home is heaven.”
PHP 3 20 n2lh ἡμῶν…τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει 1 our citizenship is in heaven Possible meanings are (1) “we are citizens of heaven” or (2) “our homeland is heaven” or (3) “our true home is heaven.”
PHP 3 21 eye2 ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν 1 He will transform our lowly bodies “He will change our weak, earthly bodies”
PHP 3 21 b2bc σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 into bodies formed like his glorious body “into bodies like his glorious body”
PHP 3 21 qz6p figs-activepassive τῷ σώματι…κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν, καὶ ὑποτάξαι αὑτῷ τὰ πάντα 1 body, formed by the might of his power to subject all things to himself This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “body. He will change our bodies with the same power he uses to control all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ PHP 4 3 hdz7 figs-metaphor γνήσιε σύνζυγε 1 true companion This met
PHP 4 3 cm3u translate-names μετὰ…Κλήμεντος 1 along with Clement Clement was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP 4 3 s9h9 ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς 1 whose names are in the Book of Life “whose names God has written in the Book of Life”
PHP 4 4 elt7 χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Rejoice in the Lord “be happy because of all the Lord has done.” See how you translated this in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
PHP 4 5 snk5 ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς 1 The Lord is near Possible meanings are 1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or 2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near.
PHP 4 5 snk5 ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς 1 The Lord is near Possible meanings are (1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or (2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near.
PHP 4 6 h63g ἐν παντὶ, τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει μετὰ εὐχαριστίας, τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω πρὸς τὸν Θεόν 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God “whatever happens to you, ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks”
PHP 4 7 u1sz ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the peace of God “the peace that God gives”
PHP 4 7 zr4x ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν 1 which surpasses all understanding “which is more than we can understand”
@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ PHP 4 14 fe2z figs-metaphor μου τῇ θλίψει 1 in my difficulties Paul
PHP 4 15 w23w figs-metonymy ἀρχῇ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the beginning of the gospel Paul refers to the gospel here as meaning his preaching of the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 4 15 dyf8 figs-doublenegatives οὐδεμία μοι ἐκκλησία ἐκοινώνησεν εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως, εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς μόνοι 1 no church supported me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone This can be stated in the positive. Alternate translation: “you were the only church that sent me money or helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
PHP 4 17 e9g9 οὐχ ὅτι ἐπιζητῶ τὸ δόμα 1 It is not that I seek the gift Paul is explaining that his reason for writing about gifts is not that he hopes that they will give him more gifts. Alternate Translation: “My reason for writing this is not that I want you to give me more”
PHP 4 17 bh3t figs-metaphor ἐπιζητῶ τὸν καρπὸν τὸν πλεονάζοντα εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν 1 I seek the fruit that increases to your credit Paul explains his reason for writing about gifts. Here “fruit that increases to you credit” is a metaphor for either 1) more good deeds that can be recorded for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to recognize the increasing good deeds that you do” or 2) more blessings for the good things that the Philippians do. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to bless you more because of the good deeds that you do”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 17 bh3t figs-metaphor ἐπιζητῶ τὸν καρπὸν τὸν πλεονάζοντα εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν 1 I seek the fruit that increases to your credit Paul explains his reason for writing about gifts. Here “fruit that increases to you credit” is a metaphor for either (1) more good deeds that can be recorded for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to recognize the increasing good deeds that you do” or (2) more blessings for the good things that the Philippians do. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to bless you more because of the good deeds that you do”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 18 p6y1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul finishes thanking the Philippians for their gift (see [Philippians 3:11](../03/11.md)) and assures them that God will take care of them.
PHP 4 18 fs44 ἀπέχω…πάντα 1 I have received everything in full Possible meanings are 1) Paul has received everything that the Philippians sent or 2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered.
PHP 4 18 fs44 ἀπέχω…πάντα 1 I have received everything in full Possible meanings are (1) Paul has received everything that the Philippians sent or (2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered.
PHP 4 18 en6t figs-explicit περισσεύω 1 even more Paul means plenty of the things that he needs for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 4 18 s68v figs-metaphor ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας, θυσίαν δεκτήν, εὐάρεστον τῷ Θεῷ 1 They are a sweet-smelling aroma, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God Paul speaks of the gift from the Philippian church as if it were a sacrifice offered to God on an altar. Paul implies that the church’s gift is very pleasing to God, like the sacrifices that the priests burned, which had a smell that pleased God. Alternate translation: “I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God, like an acceptable sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 19 r96p figs-idiom πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν ὑμῶν 1 will meet all your needs This is the same word translated “have been well-supplied” in verse 18. It is an idiom meaning “will provide everything you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
21 PHP 1 10 e17g δοκιμάζειν 1 approve This refers to examining things and taking only those that are good. Alternate translation: “test and choose”
22 PHP 1 10 s4ec τὰ διαφέροντα 1 what is excellent “what is most pleasing to God”
23 PHP 1 10 siv8 figs-doublet εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι 1 sincere and blameless The words “sincere” and “without offense” mean basically the same thing. Paul combines them to emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
24 PHP 1 11 lu5n figs-metaphor πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ Being filled with something is a metaphor that represents being characterized by it or by habitually doing it. Possible meanings of “fruit of righteousness” are that 1) it is a metaphor that represents righteous behavior. Alternate translation: “habitually doing what is righteous because Jesus Christ enables you” or 2) it is a metaphor that represents good deeds as a result of being righteous. Alternate translation: “habitually doing good works because Jesus makes you righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Being filled with something is a metaphor that represents being characterized by it or by habitually doing it. Possible meanings of “fruit of righteousness” are that (1) it is a metaphor that represents righteous behavior. Alternate translation: “habitually doing what is righteous because Jesus Christ enables you” or (2) it is a metaphor that represents good deeds as a result of being righteous. Alternate translation: “habitually doing good works because Jesus makes you righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25 PHP 1 11 hwg1 εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον Θεοῦ 1 to the glory and praise of God Possible meanings are 1) “Then other people will see how you honor God” or 2) “Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do.” These alternate translations would require a new sentence. Possible meanings are (1) “Then other people will see how you honor God” or (2) “Then people will praise and give honor to God because of the good things they see you do.” These alternate translations would require a new sentence.
26 PHP 1 12 uyc6 0 General Information: Paul says that two things have happened because of “the progress of the gospel”: many people inside and outside the palace have found out why he is in prison, and other Christians are no longer afraid to proclaim the good news.
27 PHP 1 12 yrp2 δὲ…βούλομαι 1 Now I want Here the word “Now” is used to mark a new part of the letter.
28 PHP 1 12 tu2t ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, because all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father.
38 PHP 1 15 f32h διὰ φθόνον καὶ ἔριν 1 out of envy and strife “because they do not want people listening to me, and they want to cause trouble”
39 PHP 1 15 v1sb τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι’ εὐδοκίαν 1 and also others out of good will “but other people do it because they are kind and they want to help”
40 PHP 1 16 qf4p οἱ 1 The latter “Those who proclaim Christ out of good will”
41 PHP 1 16 ttr2 figs-activepassive εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι 1 I am put here for the defense of the gospel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God chose me to defend the gospel” or 2) “I am in prison because I defend the gospel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God chose me to defend the gospel” or (2) “I am in prison because I defend the gospel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
42 PHP 1 16 st7k εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the defense of the gospel “to teach everyone that the message of Jesus is true”
43 PHP 1 17 eq7s οἱ δὲ 1 But the former “But the others” or “But the ones who proclaim Christ out of envy and strife”
44 PHP 1 17 z8ty figs-metonymy τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου 1 while I am in chains Here the phrase “in chains” is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate translation: “while I am imprisoned” or “while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
45 PHP 1 18 z5ia figs-rquestion τί γάρ 1 What then? Paul uses this question to tell how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 15-17](./15.md). Possible meanings are 1) this is an idiom that means “It does not matter.” or 2) the words “shall I think about this” are understood as part of the question. Alternate translation: “What then shall I think about this?” or “This is what I think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) Paul uses this question to tell how he feels about the situation he wrote about in [Philippians 15-17](./15.md). Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means “It does not matter.” or (2) the words “shall I think about this” are understood as part of the question. Alternate translation: “What then shall I think about this?” or “This is what I think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
46 PHP 1 18 ah9v πλὴν ὅτι παντὶ τρόπῳ, εἴτε προφάσει εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ, Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται 1 Only that in every way—whether from false motives or from true—Christ is proclaimed “As long as people preach about Christ, it does not matter if they do it for good reasons or for bad reasons”
47 PHP 1 18 c8tr ἐν τούτῳ χαίρω 1 in this I rejoice “I am happy because people are preaching about Jesus”
48 PHP 1 18 cf58 χαρήσομαι 1 I will rejoice “I will celebrate” or “I will be glad”
52 PHP 1 19 c48j Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Spirit of Jesus Christ “Holy Spirit”
53 PHP 1 20 fh48 figs-doublet κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου 1 It is my eager expectation and certain hope Here the word “expectation” and the phrase “certain hope” mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how strong his expectation is. Alternate translation: “I eagerly and confidently hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
54 PHP 1 20 tk7l ἀλλ’ ἐν πάσῃ παρρησίᾳ 1 but that I will have complete boldness This is part of Paul’s expectation and hope. Alternate translation: “but that I will be very bold”
55 PHP 1 20 jz1z figs-metonymy μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body The phrase “my body” is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “I will honor Christ by what I do” or 2) “people will praise Christ because of what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The phrase “my body” is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “I will honor Christ by what I do” or (2) “people will praise Christ because of what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
56 PHP 1 20 y78k εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου 1 whether by life or by death “whether I live or die” or “if I go on living or if I die”
57 PHP 1 21 p9b7 ἐμοὶ γὰρ 1 For to me These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul’s personal experience.
58 PHP 1 21 sxt5 figs-metaphor τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς 1 to live is Christ Here pleasing and serving Christ is spoken of as Paul’s only purpose for living. Alternate translation: “to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59 PHP 1 21 n3jd figs-metaphor τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος 1 to die is gain Here death is spoken of as “gain.” Possible meanings for “gain” are 1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel or 2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here death is spoken of as “gain.” Possible meanings for “gain” are (1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel or (2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 PHP 1 22 a21c figs-metonymy εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί 1 But if I am to live in the flesh The word “flesh” here is a metonym for the body, and “living in the flesh” is a metonym for being alive. Alternate translation: “But if I am to remain alive in my body” or “But if I continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61 PHP 1 22 y9fv καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι 1 Yet which to choose? “But which should I choose?”
62 PHP 1 22 mwl6 figs-metaphor τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου 1 that means fruitful labor for me The word “fruit” here refers to the good results of Paul’s work. Alternate translation: “that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
68 PHP 1 27 cd3b figs-parallelism ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel The phrases “standing firm in one spirit” and “with one mind striving together” share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
69 PHP 1 27 jey6 figs-metaphor μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες 1 with one mind striving together “striving together with one mind.” Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having one mind. Alternate translation: “agreeing with one another and striving together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70 PHP 1 27 ej2s συναθλοῦντες 1 striving together “working hard together”
71 PHP 1 27 ya3h τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the faith of the gospel Possible meanings are 1) “to spread the faith that is based on the gospel” or 2) “to believe and live as the gospel teaches us” Possible meanings are (1) “to spread the faith that is based on the gospel” or (2) “to believe and live as the gospel teaches us”
72 PHP 1 28 i9yt figs-you μὴ πτυρόμενοι ἐν μηδενὶ 1 Do not be frightened in any respect This is a command to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
73 PHP 1 28 l495 ἥτις ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς ἔνδειξις ἀπωλείας, ὑμῶν δὲ σωτηρίας, καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 This is a sign to them of their destruction, but of your salvation—and this from God “Your courage will show them that God will destroy them. It will also show you that God will save you”
74 PHP 1 28 nb4b καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ Θεοῦ 1 and this from God “and this is from God.” Possible meanings are the word “this” refers to 1) the believers’ courage or 2) the sign or 3) destruction and salvation. “and this is from God.” Possible meanings are the word “this” refers to (1) the believers’ courage or (2) the sign or (3) destruction and salvation.
75 PHP 1 30 x4z3 τὸν αὐτὸν ἀγῶνα ἔχοντες, οἷον εἴδετε ἐν ἐμοὶ, καὶ νῦν ἀκούετε ἐν ἐμοί 1 having the same conflict which you saw in me, and now you hear in me “suffering in the same way that you saw me suffer, and that you hear I am still suffering”
76 PHP 2 intro ixw8 0 # Philippians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations, like the ULT, set apart the lines of verses 6-11. These verses describe the example of Christ. They teach important truths about the person of Jesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Practical instructions<br>In this chapter Paul gives many practical instructions to the church in Philippi.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “If there is any”<br>This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement. However, it is not a hypothetical statement, because it expresses something that is true. The translator may also translate this phrase as “Since there is.”<br>
77 PHP 2 1 xye5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul advises the believers to have unity and humility and reminds them of Christ’s example.
92 PHP 2 9 mvb7 figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα 1 the name that is above every name Here “name” is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. Alternate translation: “the rank that is above any other rank” or “the honor that is above any other honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93 PHP 2 9 qsy9 figs-metaphor ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα 1 above every name The name is more important, more to be praised than any other name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94 PHP 2 10 tk45 figs-synecdoche ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ 1 in the name of Jesus every knee should bend Here “knee” is a synecdoche for the whole person, and bending the knee to kneel on the ground is a metonym for worship. “In the name of” here is a metonym for the person, telling who it is they will worship. Alternate translation: “every person will worship Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95 PHP 2 10 kfb4 καταχθονίων 1 under the earth Possible meanings are 1) the place where people go when they die or 2) the place where demons dwell. Possible meanings are (1) the place where people go when they die or (2) the place where demons dwell.
96 PHP 2 11 xy4f figs-synecdoche πᾶσα γλῶσσα 1 every tongue Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “every person” or “every being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
97 PHP 2 11 mr2i figs-metaphor εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 to the glory of God the Father Here the word “to” expresses result: “with the result that they will praise God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98 PHP 2 12 jnp3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example.
147 PHP 3 4 u4f1 figs-rpronouns ἐγὼ 1 I myself Paul uses “myself” for emphasis. Alternate translation: “certainly I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
148 PHP 3 5 yq98 figs-activepassive περιτομῇ 1 I was circumcised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A priest circumcised me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149 PHP 3 5 am85 ὀκταήμερος 1 the eighth day “seven days after I was born”
150 PHP 3 5 p4ik Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων 1 a Hebrew of Hebrews Possible meanings are 1) “a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents” or 2) “the purest Hebrew.” Possible meanings are (1) “a Hebrew son with Hebrew parents” or (2) “the purest Hebrew.”
151 PHP 3 5 we4t κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος 1 with regard to the law, a Pharisee The Pharisees were committed to obeying all of the law. Being a Pharisee showed that Paul was committed to obeying all of the law. Alternate translation: “as a Pharisee, I was committed to obeying all of the law”
152 PHP 3 6 ksr3 κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 As for zeal, I persecuted the church Paul’s zeal was his enthusiasm for honoring God. He believed that by persecuting the church he proved how zealous he was for God. Alternate translation: “I had so much zeal for God that I persecuted the church” or “Because I wanted so much to honor God, I persecuted the church”
153 PHP 3 6 n51b διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 I persecuted the church “I attacked Christians”
165 PHP 3 9 qw6g ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 but that which is through faith in Christ The word “that” refers to righteousness. Paul knows that he can become righteous only by believing in Christ. Alternate translation: “but having the righteousness that comes by believing in Christ”
166 PHP 3 10 vj4s τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ 1 the power of his resurrection “his power that gives us life”
167 PHP 3 10 xm68 κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 the fellowship of his sufferings “what it is like to suffer as he suffered” or “what it is like to participate in suffering with him”
168 PHP 3 10 xw42 figs-activepassive συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 becoming like him in his death Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died or 2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died or (2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169 PHP 3 11 l4rm εἴ πως καταντήσω εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 so somehow I may experience the resurrection from the dead The word “somehow” means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. “so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die”
170 PHP 3 12 xk5q 0 Connecting Statement: Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line.
171 PHP 3 12 ms3v ἔλαβον 1 received these things These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ’s suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)).
176 PHP 3 13 kqk7 figs-metaphor ἐμαυτὸν…κατειληφέναι 1 I myself have yet grasped it Receiving spiritual things from Christ is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. Alternate translation: “all these things belong to me yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177 PHP 3 13 ia2b figs-metaphor τὰ μὲν ὀπίσω ἐπιλανθανόμενος, τοῖς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτεινόμενος 1 I forget what is behind and strain for what is ahead Like a runner in a race is no longer concerned about the part of the race that is completed but only focuses on what is ahead, Paul speaks of setting aside his religious works of righteousness and only focusing on the race of life that Christ has set before him to complete. Alternate translation: “I do not care what I have done in the past; I only work as hard as I can on what is ahead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
178 PHP 3 14 z39s figs-metaphor κατὰ σκοπὸν διώκω εἰς τὸ βραβεῖον τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 I press on toward the goal to win the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus As a runner presses onward to win the race, Paul presses onward in serving and living in obedience to Christ. Alternate translation: “I do all I can to be like Christ, like a runner racing to the finish line, so that I may belong to him, and God may call me to himself after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
179 PHP 3 14 lmr6 figs-metaphor τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως 1 the upward calling Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend 1) to heaven as Jesus did or 2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that Paul speaks of living eternally with God as if God were to call Paul to ascend (1) to heaven as Jesus did or (2) the steps to the podium where winners of races received prizes, as a metaphor for meeting God face to face and receiving eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180 PHP 3 15 de4y ὅσοι…τέλειοι, τοῦτο φρονῶμεν 1 All of us who are mature, let us think this way Paul wants his fellow believers to have the same desires he listed in [Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md). Alternate translation: “I encourage all of us believers who are strong in the faith to think the same way”
181 PHP 3 15 yy22 καὶ τοῦτο ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῖν ἀποκαλύψει 1 God will also reveal that to you “God will also make it clear to you” or “God will make sure you know it”
182 PHP 3 16 pxn9 figs-inclusive εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν 1 whatever we have reached, let us hold on to it Paul uses “we” to include the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: “let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
194 PHP 3 19 u9cl figs-metonymy ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν 1 their pride is in their shame Here “shame” stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195 PHP 3 19 sv5z figs-metonymy οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες 1 They think about earthly things Here “earthly” refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate translation: “All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196 PHP 3 20 q1cc figs-inclusive 0 General Information: By Paul’s use of “our” and “we” here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
197 PHP 3 20 n2lh ἡμῶν…τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει 1 our citizenship is in heaven Possible meanings are 1) “we are citizens of heaven” or 2) “our homeland is heaven” or 3) “our true home is heaven.” Possible meanings are (1) “we are citizens of heaven” or (2) “our homeland is heaven” or (3) “our true home is heaven.”
198 PHP 3 21 eye2 ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν 1 He will transform our lowly bodies “He will change our weak, earthly bodies”
199 PHP 3 21 b2bc σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 into bodies formed like his glorious body “into bodies like his glorious body”
200 PHP 3 21 qz6p figs-activepassive τῷ σώματι…κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν, καὶ ὑποτάξαι αὑτῷ τὰ πάντα 1 body, formed by the might of his power to subject all things to himself This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “body. He will change our bodies with the same power he uses to control all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
212 PHP 4 3 cm3u translate-names μετὰ…Κλήμεντος 1 along with Clement Clement was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
213 PHP 4 3 s9h9 ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς 1 whose names are in the Book of Life “whose names God has written in the Book of Life”
214 PHP 4 4 elt7 χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Rejoice in the Lord “be happy because of all the Lord has done.” See how you translated this in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
215 PHP 4 5 snk5 ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς 1 The Lord is near Possible meanings are 1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or 2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near. Possible meanings are (1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit or (2) the day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near.
216 PHP 4 6 h63g ἐν παντὶ, τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει μετὰ εὐχαριστίας, τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω πρὸς τὸν Θεόν 1 in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God “whatever happens to you, ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks”
217 PHP 4 7 u1sz ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the peace of God “the peace that God gives”
218 PHP 4 7 zr4x ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν 1 which surpasses all understanding “which is more than we can understand”
235 PHP 4 15 w23w figs-metonymy ἀρχῇ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the beginning of the gospel Paul refers to the gospel here as meaning his preaching of the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
236 PHP 4 15 dyf8 figs-doublenegatives οὐδεμία μοι ἐκκλησία ἐκοινώνησεν εἰς λόγον δόσεως καὶ λήμψεως, εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς μόνοι 1 no church supported me in the matter of giving and receiving except you alone This can be stated in the positive. Alternate translation: “you were the only church that sent me money or helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
237 PHP 4 17 e9g9 οὐχ ὅτι ἐπιζητῶ τὸ δόμα 1 It is not that I seek the gift Paul is explaining that his reason for writing about gifts is not that he hopes that they will give him more gifts. Alternate Translation: “My reason for writing this is not that I want you to give me more”
238 PHP 4 17 bh3t figs-metaphor ἐπιζητῶ τὸν καρπὸν τὸν πλεονάζοντα εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν 1 I seek the fruit that increases to your credit Paul explains his reason for writing about gifts. Here “fruit that increases to you credit” is a metaphor for either 1) more good deeds that can be recorded for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to recognize the increasing good deeds that you do” or 2) more blessings for the good things that the Philippians do. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to bless you more because of the good deeds that you do”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul explains his reason for writing about gifts. Here “fruit that increases to you credit” is a metaphor for either (1) more good deeds that can be recorded for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to recognize the increasing good deeds that you do” or (2) more blessings for the good things that the Philippians do. Alternate translation: “Rather I want God to bless you more because of the good deeds that you do”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
239 PHP 4 18 p6y1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul finishes thanking the Philippians for their gift (see [Philippians 3:11](../03/11.md)) and assures them that God will take care of them.
240 PHP 4 18 fs44 ἀπέχω…πάντα 1 I have received everything in full Possible meanings are 1) Paul has received everything that the Philippians sent or 2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered. Possible meanings are (1) Paul has received everything that the Philippians sent or (2) Paul is using humor to continue the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:8](../03/08.md) and saying that this part of the letter is a receipt for commercial goods that Epaphroditus delivered.
241 PHP 4 18 en6t figs-explicit περισσεύω 1 even more Paul means plenty of the things that he needs for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
242 PHP 4 18 s68v figs-metaphor ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας, θυσίαν δεκτήν, εὐάρεστον τῷ Θεῷ 1 They are a sweet-smelling aroma, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing to God Paul speaks of the gift from the Philippian church as if it were a sacrifice offered to God on an altar. Paul implies that the church’s gift is very pleasing to God, like the sacrifices that the priests burned, which had a smell that pleased God. Alternate translation: “I assure you these gifts are very pleasing to God, like an acceptable sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
243 PHP 4 19 r96p figs-idiom πληρώσει πᾶσαν χρείαν ὑμῶν 1 will meet all your needs This is the same word translated “have been well-supplied” in verse 18. It is an idiom meaning “will provide everything you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ COL 1 3 q1su figs-exclusive εὐχαριστοῦμεν…τοῦ Κυρίου
COL 1 4 km8w figs-exclusive ἀκούσαντες 1 We have heard Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 4 z6eb τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 your faith in Christ Jesus “your belief in Christ Jesus”
COL 1 5 n1qz figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 because of the certain hope reserved for you in heaven Here “certain hope” stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. Alternate translation: “because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 1 5 xn8s τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the word of truth, the gospel Possible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth, the gospel” or 2) “the true message, the gospel.”
COL 1 5 xn8s τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the word of truth, the gospel Possible meanings are (1) “the message about the truth, the gospel” or (2) “the true message, the gospel.”
COL 1 6 wk21 figs-metaphor ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον 1 This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing “Fruit” here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “This gospel is having good results, more and more” or “This gospel is having increasing results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 6 z3g5 figs-hyperbole ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 in all the world This is a generalization referring to the part of the world that they knew about. Alternate translation: “throughout the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
COL 1 6 ait7 τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the grace of God in truth “the true grace of God”
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ COL 2 12 g1rq figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in him you were
COL 2 12 rec6 figs-activepassive συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised you up” or “God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 2 13 v6vi figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας 1 When you were dead Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. Alternate translation: “When you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 13 f9ms figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας…συνεζωοποίησεν ὑμᾶς 1 you were dead…he made you alive With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 13 wh4z νεκροὺς…ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν 1 dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh You were dead on two accounts: 1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
COL 2 13 wh4z νεκροὺς…ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν 1 dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh You were dead on two accounts: (1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and (2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
COL 2 13 k2hw χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν πάντα τὰ παραπτώματα 1 forgave us all of our trespasses “he forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses”
COL 2 14 w22z figs-metaphor ἐξαλείψας τὸ καθ’ ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον τοῖς δόγμασιν, ὃ ἦν ὑπεναντίον ἡμῖν 1 He canceled the written record of debts that stood against us Paul speaks of the way God forgives our sins as if it were the way a person, to whom many people owe money or goods, destroys the record of that debt so they do not have to pay him back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 15 gh24 figs-metaphor ἐδειγμάτισεν ἐν παρρησίᾳ 1 made a public spectacle of them In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -143,17 +143,17 @@ COL 2 23 e7p5 οὐκ ἐν τιμῇ τινι πρὸς πλησμονὴν τ
COL 3 intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Old and new self<br>The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Character<br>Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br><br>### “The things above”<br><br>Where God dwells is often pictured as being located “above.” Paul says to “seek the things above” and to “think about the things above.” He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things.<br>
COL 3 1 ya97 0 Connecting Statement: Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things.
COL 3 1 r5yh figs-idiom εἰ οὖν 1 If then This is an idiom that means “because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 3 1 t1jv figs-pastforfuture συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 God has raised you with Christ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 3 1 t1jv figs-pastforfuture συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 God has raised you with Christ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are (1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” or (2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 3 1 p3fw τὰ ἄνω 1 things above “things in heaven”
COL 3 3 l9yk figs-metaphor ἀπεθάνετε γάρ 1 For you have died As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having died with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 3 gkz6 figs-activepassive ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ 1 your life is hidden with Christ in God Paul speaks of people’s lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God’s presence” or 2) “only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 3 gkz6 figs-activepassive ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ 1 your life is hidden with Christ in God Paul speaks of people’s lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God’s presence” or (2) “only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 4 n4nj figs-metonymy ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν 1 who is your life Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 5 p9w9 ἀκαθαρσίαν 1 uncleanness impure behavior
COL 3 5 e65k πάθος 1 passion strong, lustful desire
COL 3 5 h5v4 τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ἥτις ἐστὶν εἰδωλολατρία 1 greed, which is idolatry “greed, which is the same thing as idolatry” or “do not be greedy because that is the same as worshiping idols”
COL 3 6 s9lm ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 wrath of God God’s anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them.
COL 3 7 p4q8 figs-metaphor ἐν οἷς καὶ ὑμεῖς περιεπατήσατέ 1 It is in these things that you also once walked Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: “These are the things you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 7 s824 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐζῆτε ἐν τούτοις 1 when you lived in them Possible meanings are 1) “when you practiced these things” or 2) “when you lived among the people who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 7 s824 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐζῆτε ἐν τούτοις 1 when you lived in them Possible meanings are (1) “when you practiced these things” or (2) “when you lived among the people who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 8 d3wr κακίαν 1 evil intentions “desire to do wicked deeds”
COL 3 8 lgz1 βλασφημίαν 1 insults speech used to hurt others
COL 3 8 f59z αἰσχρολογίαν 1 obscene speech words that do not belong in polite conversation
@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ COL 3 13 r8iy ἀνεχόμενοι ἀλλήλων 1 Bear with one another “
COL 3 13 rts1 χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς 1 Be gracious to each other “Treat each other better than they deserve for you to treat them”
COL 3 13 p474 figs-abstractnouns πρός…ἔχῃ μομφήν 1 has a complaint against The abstract noun “complaint” can be stated as “complain.” Alternate translation: “has a reason to complain against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL 3 14 x5g8 figs-metaphor τὴν ἀγάπην, ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος 1 have love, which is the bond of perfection Here “bond of perfection” is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: “love one another because it will unite you perfectly together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 15 hdg5 figs-metonymy ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) “Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other” or 2) “Allow God to give you peace in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 15 hdg5 figs-metonymy ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are (1) “Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other” or (2) “Allow God to give you peace in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 15 i9hg figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for a people’s minds or inner being. Alternate translation: “in your minds” or “inside of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 16 w9dv figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνοικείτω ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Let the word of Christ live in you Paul speaks of Christ’s word as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. “Word of Christ” here is a metonym for the teachings of Christ. Alternate translation: “Be obedient to the instructions of Christ” or “Always trust Christ’s promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 16 h5k9 νουθετοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς 1 admonish one another “caution and encourage one another”
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ COL 3 16 ubi5 ψαλμοῖς, ὕμνοις, ᾠδαῖς πνευματικα
COL 3 16 cnj1 figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ χάριτι, ᾄδοντες ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 Sing with thankfulness in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds or inner being. Alternate translation: “Sing with thankfulness in your minds” or “Sing and be thankful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 17 g8p8 ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔργῳ 1 in word or in deed “in speaking or in acting”
COL 3 17 uix9 figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. Alternate translation: “to honor the Lord Jesus” or “so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him” or “as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 17 bv84 figs-metaphor δι’ αὐτοῦ 1 through him Possible meanings are 1) because he has done great deeds or 2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 17 bv84 figs-metaphor δι’ αὐτοῦ 1 through him Possible meanings are (1) because he has done great deeds or (2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 18 flu9 0 Connecting Statement: Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters.
COL 3 18 tt9u αἱ γυναῖκες, ὑποτάσσεσθε τοῖς 1 Wives, submit to “Wives, obey”
COL 3 18 b2y3 ἀνῆκεν 1 it is appropriate “it is proper” or “it is right”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
7 COL 1 4 km8w figs-exclusive ἀκούσαντες 1 We have heard Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
8 COL 1 4 z6eb τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 your faith in Christ Jesus “your belief in Christ Jesus”
9 COL 1 5 n1qz figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 because of the certain hope reserved for you in heaven Here “certain hope” stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. Alternate translation: “because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10 COL 1 5 xn8s τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the word of truth, the gospel Possible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth, the gospel” or 2) “the true message, the gospel.” Possible meanings are (1) “the message about the truth, the gospel” or (2) “the true message, the gospel.”
11 COL 1 6 wk21 figs-metaphor ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον 1 This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing “Fruit” here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “This gospel is having good results, more and more” or “This gospel is having increasing results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12 COL 1 6 z3g5 figs-hyperbole ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 in all the world This is a generalization referring to the part of the world that they knew about. Alternate translation: “throughout the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
13 COL 1 6 ait7 τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the grace of God in truth “the true grace of God”
117 COL 2 12 rec6 figs-activepassive συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised you up” or “God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
118 COL 2 13 v6vi figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας 1 When you were dead Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. Alternate translation: “When you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119 COL 2 13 f9ms figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας…συνεζωοποίησεν ὑμᾶς 1 you were dead…he made you alive With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120 COL 2 13 wh4z νεκροὺς…ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν 1 dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh You were dead on two accounts: 1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses. You were dead on two accounts: (1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and (2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
121 COL 2 13 k2hw χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν πάντα τὰ παραπτώματα 1 forgave us all of our trespasses “he forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses”
122 COL 2 14 w22z figs-metaphor ἐξαλείψας τὸ καθ’ ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον τοῖς δόγμασιν, ὃ ἦν ὑπεναντίον ἡμῖν 1 He canceled the written record of debts that stood against us Paul speaks of the way God forgives our sins as if it were the way a person, to whom many people owe money or goods, destroys the record of that debt so they do not have to pay him back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 COL 2 15 gh24 figs-metaphor ἐδειγμάτισεν ἐν παρρησίᾳ 1 made a public spectacle of them In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143 COL 3 intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Old and new self<br>The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Character<br>Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br><br>### “The things above”<br><br>Where God dwells is often pictured as being located “above.” Paul says to “seek the things above” and to “think about the things above.” He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things.<br>
144 COL 3 1 ya97 0 Connecting Statement: Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things.
145 COL 3 1 r5yh figs-idiom εἰ οὖν 1 If then This is an idiom that means “because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
146 COL 3 1 t1jv figs-pastforfuture συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 God has raised you with Christ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are (1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” or (2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
147 COL 3 1 p3fw τὰ ἄνω 1 things above “things in heaven”
148 COL 3 3 l9yk figs-metaphor ἀπεθάνετε γάρ 1 For you have died As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having died with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149 COL 3 3 gkz6 figs-activepassive ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ 1 your life is hidden with Christ in God Paul speaks of people’s lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God’s presence” or 2) “only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of people’s lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God’s presence” or (2) “only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150 COL 3 4 n4nj figs-metonymy ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν 1 who is your life Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
151 COL 3 5 p9w9 ἀκαθαρσίαν 1 uncleanness impure behavior
152 COL 3 5 e65k πάθος 1 passion strong, lustful desire
153 COL 3 5 h5v4 τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ἥτις ἐστὶν εἰδωλολατρία 1 greed, which is idolatry “greed, which is the same thing as idolatry” or “do not be greedy because that is the same as worshiping idols”
154 COL 3 6 s9lm ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 wrath of God God’s anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them.
155 COL 3 7 p4q8 figs-metaphor ἐν οἷς καὶ ὑμεῖς περιεπατήσατέ 1 It is in these things that you also once walked Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: “These are the things you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
156 COL 3 7 s824 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐζῆτε ἐν τούτοις 1 when you lived in them Possible meanings are 1) “when you practiced these things” or 2) “when you lived among the people who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “when you practiced these things” or (2) “when you lived among the people who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157 COL 3 8 d3wr κακίαν 1 evil intentions “desire to do wicked deeds”
158 COL 3 8 lgz1 βλασφημίαν 1 insults speech used to hurt others
159 COL 3 8 f59z αἰσχρολογίαν 1 obscene speech words that do not belong in polite conversation
172 COL 3 13 rts1 χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς 1 Be gracious to each other “Treat each other better than they deserve for you to treat them”
173 COL 3 13 p474 figs-abstractnouns πρός…ἔχῃ μομφήν 1 has a complaint against The abstract noun “complaint” can be stated as “complain.” Alternate translation: “has a reason to complain against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
174 COL 3 14 x5g8 figs-metaphor τὴν ἀγάπην, ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος 1 have love, which is the bond of perfection Here “bond of perfection” is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: “love one another because it will unite you perfectly together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175 COL 3 15 hdg5 figs-metonymy ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) “Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other” or 2) “Allow God to give you peace in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are (1) “Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other” or (2) “Allow God to give you peace in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
176 COL 3 15 i9hg figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for a people’s minds or inner being. Alternate translation: “in your minds” or “inside of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
177 COL 3 16 w9dv figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνοικείτω ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Let the word of Christ live in you Paul speaks of Christ’s word as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. “Word of Christ” here is a metonym for the teachings of Christ. Alternate translation: “Be obedient to the instructions of Christ” or “Always trust Christ’s promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
178 COL 3 16 h5k9 νουθετοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς 1 admonish one another “caution and encourage one another”
180 COL 3 16 cnj1 figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ χάριτι, ᾄδοντες ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 Sing with thankfulness in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds or inner being. Alternate translation: “Sing with thankfulness in your minds” or “Sing and be thankful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181 COL 3 17 g8p8 ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔργῳ 1 in word or in deed “in speaking or in acting”
182 COL 3 17 uix9 figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. Alternate translation: “to honor the Lord Jesus” or “so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him” or “as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
183 COL 3 17 bv84 figs-metaphor δι’ αὐτοῦ 1 through him Possible meanings are 1) because he has done great deeds or 2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) because he has done great deeds or (2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
184 COL 3 18 flu9 0 Connecting Statement: Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters.
185 COL 3 18 tt9u αἱ γυναῖκες, ὑποτάσσεσθε τοῖς 1 Wives, submit to “Wives, obey”
186 COL 3 18 b2y3 ἀνῆκεν 1 it is appropriate “it is proper” or “it is right”

4
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TH 1 4 erb6 ἀδελφοὶ 1 Brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1TH 1 4 u5er figs-exclusive εἰδότες 1 we know The word “we” refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1TH 1 5 ude4 οὐκ…ἐν λόγῳ μόνον 1 not in word only “not only in what we said”
1TH 1 5 h675 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει, καὶ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ 1 but also in power, in the Holy Spirit Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or 2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or 3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders.
1TH 1 5 h675 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει, καὶ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ 1 but also in power, in the Holy Spirit Possible meanings are (1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or (2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or (3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders.
1TH 1 5 t1w3 figs-abstractnouns καὶ πληροφορίᾳ πολλῇ 1 in much assurance The abstract noun “assurance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “God made you sure that it was true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TH 1 5 e889 οἷοι 1 what kind of men “how we conducted ourselves when”
1TH 1 6 cs49 καὶ ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ…ἐγενήθητε 1 You became imitators To “imitate” means to act like or to copy the behavior of another.
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TH 4 1 p4db figs-metaphor δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 you must walk Here “walk” is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate translation: “you ought to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 2 vg16 figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 through the Lord Jesus Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by Jesus himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TH 4 3 mw4j ἀπέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς…τῆς πορνείας 1 you avoid sexual immorality “you stay away from sexually immoral acts”
1TH 4 4 f4ux εἰδέναι…τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος, κτᾶσθαι 1 know how to possess his own vessel Possible meanings are 1) “know how to live with his own wife” or 2) “know how to control his own body”
1TH 4 4 f4ux εἰδέναι…τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος, κτᾶσθαι 1 know how to possess his own vessel Possible meanings are (1) “know how to live with his own wife” or (2) “know how to control his own body”
1TH 4 5 x2t7 ἐν πάθει ἐπιθυμίας 1 in the passion of lust “with wrongful sexual desire”
1TH 4 6 gn9i figs-gendernotations τὸ μὴ 1 no man Here “man” refers to a man or a woman. “no one” or “no person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TH 4 6 a9st figs-doublet ὑπερβαίνειν καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν 1 transgress and wrong This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. Alternate translation: “do wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
13 1TH 1 4 erb6 ἀδελφοὶ 1 Brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
14 1TH 1 4 u5er figs-exclusive εἰδότες 1 we know The word “we” refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
15 1TH 1 5 ude4 οὐκ…ἐν λόγῳ μόνον 1 not in word only “not only in what we said”
16 1TH 1 5 h675 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει, καὶ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ 1 but also in power, in the Holy Spirit Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or 2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or 3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders. Possible meanings are (1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or (2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or (3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders.
17 1TH 1 5 t1w3 figs-abstractnouns καὶ πληροφορίᾳ πολλῇ 1 in much assurance The abstract noun “assurance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “God made you sure that it was true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
18 1TH 1 5 e889 οἷοι 1 what kind of men “how we conducted ourselves when”
19 1TH 1 6 cs49 καὶ ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ…ἐγενήθητε 1 You became imitators To “imitate” means to act like or to copy the behavior of another.
120 1TH 4 1 p4db figs-metaphor δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 you must walk Here “walk” is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate translation: “you ought to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121 1TH 4 2 vg16 figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 through the Lord Jesus Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by Jesus himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122 1TH 4 3 mw4j ἀπέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς…τῆς πορνείας 1 you avoid sexual immorality “you stay away from sexually immoral acts”
123 1TH 4 4 f4ux εἰδέναι…τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος, κτᾶσθαι 1 know how to possess his own vessel Possible meanings are 1) “know how to live with his own wife” or 2) “know how to control his own body” Possible meanings are (1) “know how to live with his own wife” or (2) “know how to control his own body”
124 1TH 4 5 x2t7 ἐν πάθει ἐπιθυμίας 1 in the passion of lust “with wrongful sexual desire”
125 1TH 4 6 gn9i figs-gendernotations τὸ μὴ 1 no man Here “man” refers to a man or a woman. “no one” or “no person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
126 1TH 4 6 a9st figs-doublet ὑπερβαίνειν καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν 1 transgress and wrong This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. Alternate translation: “do wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

44
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@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 1 4 qpv9 figs-hyperbole γενεαλογίαις ἀπεράντοις 1 endless genealogies With the word “endless” Paul uses exaggeration to emphasize that the genealogies are very long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1TI 1 4 ft33 γενεαλογίαις 1 genealogies the written or verbal record of a person’s parents and ancestors
1TI 1 4 qb9l αἵτινες ἐκζητήσεις παρέχουσι 1 These cause arguments “These make people angrily disagree.” The people debated about stories and genealogies about which no one could know the truth for certain.
1TI 1 4 eu9f μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ, τὴν ἐν πίστε 1 rather than helping the plan of God, which is by faith Possible meanings are 1) “rather than helping us to understand God’s plan to save us, which we learn by faith” or 2) “rather than helping us to do God’s work, which we do by faith.”
1TI 1 4 eu9f μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ, τὴν ἐν πίστε 1 rather than helping the plan of God, which is by faith Possible meanings are (1) “rather than helping us to understand God’s plan to save us, which we learn by faith” or (2) “rather than helping us to do God’s work, which we do by faith.”
1TI 1 5 myi5 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul explains the purpose of what he is commanding Timothy.
1TI 1 5 l7un παραγγελίας 1 the commandment Here this does not mean the Old Testament or the Ten Commandments but rather the instructions that Paul gives in [1 Timothy 1:3](../01/03.md) and [1 Timothy 1:4](../01/04.md).
1TI 1 5 i9rs ἐστὶν ἀγάπη 1 is love Possible meanings are 1) “is to love God” or 2) “is to love people.”
1TI 1 5 i9rs ἐστὶν ἀγάπη 1 is love Possible meanings are (1) “is to love God” or (2) “is to love people.”
1TI 1 5 mbe6 figs-metonymy ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 from a pure heart Here “pure” means the person does not have hidden motives to do wrong. Here “heart” refers to a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “from a mind that is honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI 1 5 ar8t συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς 1 good conscience “a conscience that chooses right instead wrong”
1TI 1 5 m53g πίστεως ἀνυποκρίτου 1 sincere faith “genuine faith” or “a faith without hypocrisy”
@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 2 13 v7v6 figs-ellipsis εἶτα Εὕα 1 then Eve The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and then God formed Eve” or “then God created Eve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1TI 2 14 wq5k figs-activepassive Ἀδὰμ οὐκ ἠπατήθη 1 Adam was not deceived This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Adam was not the one whom the serpent deceived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 2 14 n6td figs-activepassive ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἐξαπατηθεῖσα, ἐν παραβάσει γέγονεν 1 but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but it was the woman who disobeyed God when the serpent deceived her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 2 15 u8iv σωθήσεται…διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 she will be saved through bearing children Here “she” refers to women in general. Possible meanings are 1) God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children, or 2) God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers.
1TI 2 15 u8iv σωθήσεται…διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 she will be saved through bearing children Here “she” refers to women in general. Possible meanings are (1) God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children, or (2) God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers.
1TI 2 15 n818 figs-activepassive σωθήσεται 1 she will be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save her” or “God will save women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 2 15 gh3c ἐὰν μείνωσιν 1 if they continue “if they remain” or “if they continue living.” Here “they” refers to women.
1TI 2 15 sl57 figs-abstractnouns ἐν πίστει, καὶ ἀγάπῃ, καὶ ἁγιασμῷ 1 in faith and love and sanctification The abstract nouns here can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “in trusting Jesus and loving others and living a holy life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI 2 15 dcf3 figs-idiom μετὰ σωφροσύνης 1 with soundness of mind Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) “with good judgment,” 2) “with modesty,” or 3) “with self-control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI 2 15 dcf3 figs-idiom μετὰ σωφροσύνης 1 with soundness of mind Possible meanings for this idiom are (1) “with good judgment,” (2) “with modesty,” or (3) “with self-control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI 2 15 zr4b figs-abstractnouns σωφροσύνης 1 soundness of mind If the idiom is retained in translation, the abstract noun “soundness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a sound mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI 3 intro d9db 0 # 1 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to list important doctrines that believers all shared.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Overseers and deacons<br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include elder, pastor, and bishop. The word “overseer” reflects the meaning of the original language in verses 1-2. Paul writes about “deacons” in verses 8 and 12 as another kind of church leader.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Character qualities<br>This chapter lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an overseer or deacon in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br>
1TI 3 1 rwi8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives some special instructions on how the overseers of the church should act and be.
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 3 3 c2c7 μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην, ἀλλὰ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον 1 He must not be addicted to wine, not a brawler, but instead, gentle, peaceful “He must neither drink too much alcohol nor like to fight and argue, but instead he must be gentle and peaceful”
1TI 3 3 pc2g ἀφιλάργυρον 1 a lover of money “greedy for money”
1TI 3 4 a8gu προϊστάμενον 1 He should manage “He should lead” or “He should take care of”
1TI 3 4 w3un μετὰ πάσης σεμνότητος 1 with all respect Possible meanings are 1) the overseer’s children should obey and show respect to their father or 2) the overseer’s children should show respect to everyone or 3) the overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them.
1TI 3 4 w3un μετὰ πάσης σεμνότητος 1 with all respect Possible meanings are (1) the overseer’s children should obey and show respect to their father or (2) the overseer’s children should show respect to everyone or (3) the overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them.
1TI 3 4 m8a5 πάσης σεμνότητος 1 all respect “complete respect” or “respect at all times”
1TI 3 5 n8zi εἰ δέ τις τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν 1 For if a man does not know how to manage “For when a man cannot manage”
1TI 3 5 n5lt figs-rquestion πῶς ἐκκλησίας Θεοῦ ἐπιμελήσεται? 1 how will he care for a church of God? Paul uses a question to teach Timothy. Alternate translation: “he cannot take care of a church of God.” or “he will not be able to lead a church of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 3 9 y91f figs-metaphor πίστεως ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 faith with a clean conscience Paul speaks of a person’s knowledge that he has done no wrong as if that knowledge or conscience were clean. Alternate translation: “faith, knowing they have tried their hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 3 10 hl1p figs-activepassive οὗτοι…δοκιμαζέσθωσαν πρῶτον 1 They should also be approved first This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Other believers should approve of them first” or “They should prove themselves first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 3 10 m5ar δοκιμαζέσθωσαν 1 be approved This means other believers should evaluate those who want to be a deacon and determine if they are fit to serve in the church.
1TI 3 11 xyc9 γυναῖκας ὡσαύτως 1 Women in the same way Possible meanings are 1) “women” refers to the wives of deacons or 2) “women” refers to female deacons.
1TI 3 11 xyc9 γυναῖκας ὡσαύτως 1 Women in the same way Possible meanings are (1) “women” refers to the wives of deacons or (2) “women” refers to female deacons.
1TI 3 11 q5qx σεμνάς 1 be dignified “act properly” or “be worthy of respect”
1TI 3 11 a12k μὴ διαβόλους 1 They should not be slanderers “They must not speak evil about other people”
1TI 3 11 akm5 νηφαλίους 1 be moderate and “not do anything to excess.” See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 3:2](../03/02.md).
@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 3 13 rfq2 οἱ γὰρ 1 For those “For those deacons” or “For these church leaders”
1TI 3 13 s9si ἑαυτοῖς…περιποιοῦνται 1 acquire for themselves “receive for themselves” or “gain for themselves”
1TI 3 13 cv34 figs-explicit βαθμὸν…καλὸν 1 a good standing The implied meaning may be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “a good reputation among other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI 3 13 m684 πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 great confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus Possible meanings are 1) they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence or 2) they will speak confidently to other people about their faith in Jesus.
1TI 3 13 m684 πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 great confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus Possible meanings are (1) they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence or (2) they will speak confidently to other people about their faith in Jesus.
1TI 3 14 s4p2 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells Timothy the reason he wrote to him and then describes Christ’s godliness.
1TI 3 15 z9z8 ἐὰν δὲ βραδύνω 1 But if I delay “But in case I cannot go there soon” or “But if something prevents me for being there soon”
1TI 3 15 p9u4 figs-metaphor ἵνα εἰδῇς πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι 1 so that you may know how to behave in the household of God Paul speaks of the group of believers as if they were a family. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring only to Timothy’s behavior in the church. Alternate translation: “so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God’s family” or 2) Paul is referring to the believers’ in general. Alternate translation: “so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 3 15 p9u4 figs-metaphor ἵνα εἰδῇς πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι 1 so that you may know how to behave in the household of God Paul speaks of the group of believers as if they were a family. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is referring only to Timothy’s behavior in the church. Alternate translation: “so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God’s family” or (2) Paul is referring to the believers’ in general. Alternate translation: “so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 3 15 wzk3 figs-distinguish οἴκῳ Θεοῦ…ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος 1 household of God, which is the church of the living God This phrase gives us information about “the household of God” rather than making a distinction between a household of God which is the church and one that is not the church. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “house hold of God. Those who belong to the family of God are the community of believers in the living God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1TI 3 15 cd5r figs-metaphor ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος, στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας 1 which is the church of the living God, the pillar and support of the truth Paul speaks of the believers bearing witness to the truth about Christ as if they were a pillar and a base supporting a building. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “which is the church of the living God. And, by keeping and teaching God’s truth, these members of the church support the truth just as a pillar and base support a building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 3 15 sg64 Θεοῦ ζῶντος 1 the living God Here this expression may be speaking of God as the one who gives life to all, as in the UST.
@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 4 intro b39h 0 # 1 Timothy 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[1 Timothy 4:1](../04/01.md) is a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Later times<br>This is another way of referring to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br>
1TI 4 1 gyd8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells Timothy what the Spirit says will happen and encourages him in what he should teach.
1TI 4 1 jzr9 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul starts to tell a new part of the teaching.
1TI 4 1 b739 ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς 1 in later times Possible meanings are 1) this refers to a time after Paul dies or 2) this is at a latter time in Paul’s own life.
1TI 4 1 b739 ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς 1 in later times Possible meanings are (1) this refers to a time after Paul dies or (2) this is at a latter time in Paul’s own life.
1TI 4 1 b931 figs-metaphor ἀποστήσονταί…τῆς πίστεως 1 leave the faith Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place or an object. Alternate translation: “stop trusting in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 4 1 q13m προσέχοντες 1 and pay attention “and give attention” or “because they are paying attention”
1TI 4 1 ae5w πνεύμασι πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων 1 deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons “spirits who trick people and the things that demons teach”
1TI 4 2 pw29 ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 in lying hypocrisy This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “These people will be hypocrites and speak lies”
1TI 4 2 u2f4 figs-metaphor κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 Their own consciences will be branded Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking of people who can no longer tell that they are doing wrong as if their minds are ruined like skin that someone has burned with a hot iron or 2) Paul is speaking of these people as if Satan had put a mark on these people with a hot iron to indicate that they belong to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 4 2 u2f4 figs-metaphor κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 Their own consciences will be branded Possible meanings are (1) Paul is speaking of people who can no longer tell that they are doing wrong as if their minds are ruined like skin that someone has burned with a hot iron or (2) Paul is speaking of these people as if Satan had put a mark on these people with a hot iron to indicate that they belong to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 4 3 k4db κωλυόντων 1 They will “These people will”
1TI 4 3 wd2l figs-explicit κωλυόντων γαμεῖν 1 forbid to marry It is implied that they will forbid believers to marry. Alternate translation: “forbid believers to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI 4 3 m1d6 figs-explicit ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων 1 to receive foods It is implied that they will forbid only certain foods. Alternate translation: “they will require believers to abstain from certain foods” or “they will not allow people to eat certain foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 4 15 j8zi figs-metaphor ἵνα σου ἡ προκοπὴ φανερὰ ᾖ πᾶσιν 1 so that your progress may be evident to all people Paul speaks of Timothy’s increasing ability to serve God as if it were a physical object that others could look at. Alternate translation: “so other people will know that you are serving God better and better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 4 16 uq6c ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Give careful attention to yourself and to the teaching “Conduct yourself carefully and give attention to the teaching” or “Control your own behavior and give attention to the teaching”
1TI 4 16 zxe7 ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς 1 Continue in these things “Continue to do these things”
1TI 4 16 u7ez καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου 1 you will save yourself and those who listen to you Possible meanings are 1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment or 2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers.
1TI 4 16 u7ez καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου 1 you will save yourself and those who listen to you Possible meanings are (1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment or (2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers.
1TI 5 intro jx4e 0 # 1 Timothy 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Honor and respect<br>Paul encourages younger Christians to honor and respect older Christians. Cultures honor and respect older people in different ways.<br><br>### Widows<br>In the ancient Near East, it was important to care for widows, because they could not provide for themselves.<br>
1TI 5 1 wt5y figs-you 0 General Information: Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TI 5 1 h7d1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to tell Timothy how to treat the men, women, widows, and younger women in the church.
@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 5 6 qy5h figs-metaphor τέθνηκεν 1 is dead Paul speaks about people who do not seek to please God as if they were dead. Alternate translation: “is like a dead person, she does not respond to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 5 6 p5hi ζῶσα 1 is still alive This refers to physical life.
1TI 5 7 qw6m ταῦτα παράγγελλε 1 Give these instructions “Command these things”
1TI 5 7 a13p ἵνα ἀνεπίλημπτοι ὦσιν 1 so that they may be blameless “so that no one can find fault with them.” Possible meanings of “they” are 1) “these widows and their families” or 2) “the believers.” It might be best to leave the subject as “they.”
1TI 5 7 a13p ἵνα ἀνεπίλημπτοι ὦσιν 1 so that they may be blameless “so that no one can find fault with them.” Possible meanings of “they” are (1) “these widows and their families” or (2) “the believers.” It might be best to leave the subject as “they.”
1TI 5 8 p7h2 τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ 1 does not provide for his own relatives, especially for those of his own household “does not help with his relatives’ needs, especially for those family members living in his home”
1TI 5 8 y645 τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται 1 he has denied the faith “he has acted contrary to the truth we believe”
1TI 5 8 evm7 ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων 1 is worse than an unbeliever “is worse than those who do not believe in Jesus.” Paul means this person is worse than an unbeliever because even unbelievers take care of their relatives. Therefore, a believer should certainly take care of his relatives.
1TI 5 9 s8ql χήρα καταλεγέσθω 1 be enrolled as a widow There seems to have been a list, written or not, of widows. The church members met these women’s needs for shelter, clothing, and food, and these women were expected to devote their lives to serving the Christian community.
1TI 5 9 i27x translate-numbers μὴ ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα 1 who is not younger than sixty As Paul will explain in 5:11-16, widows who were younger than 60 years old might get married again. Therefore the Christian community was to care only for widows who were older than 60. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1TI 5 9 q9dj γεγονυῖα, ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή 1 a wife of one husband Possible meanings are 1) she was always faithful to her husband or 2) she had not divorced her husband then married another man.
1TI 5 9 q9dj γεγονυῖα, ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή 1 a wife of one husband Possible meanings are (1) she was always faithful to her husband or (2) she had not divorced her husband then married another man.
1TI 5 10 l8nm figs-activepassive ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς μαρτυρουμένη 1 She must be known for good deeds This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People must be able to attest to her good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 5 10 mik7 ἐξενοδόχησεν 1 has been hospitable to strangers “has welcomed strangers into her home”
1TI 5 10 ygl3 figs-metonymy ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν 1 has washed the feet of the saints Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is one way of meeting other people’s needs and making life more enjoyable for them. This probably means she did humble work in general. Alternate translation: “has done common work to help other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 5 13 cym5 φλύαροι 1 nonsense words that do not help those who hear them
1TI 5 13 umk2 περίεργοι 1 busybodies people who look into other people’s private lives for their own good and not for the good of the other people
1TI 5 14 bh1q οἰκοδεσποτεῖν 1 to manage the household “to take care of everyone in her house”
1TI 5 14 u94k τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ 1 the enemy Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan or 2) this refers to unbelievers who are hostile to Christians.
1TI 5 14 u94k τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ 1 the enemy Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Satan or (2) this refers to unbelievers who are hostile to Christians.
1TI 5 14 a1w5 figs-inclusive λοιδορίας χάριν 1 to slander us Here “us” refers to the entire Christian community, including Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TI 5 15 fy54 figs-metaphor ἐξετράπησαν ὀπίσω τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 turned aside after Satan Paul speaks of living in faithfulness to Christ as if it were a path to be followed. This means the woman stopped obeying Jesus and started obeying Satan. Alternate translation: “left the path of Christ to follow Satan” or “decided to obey Satan instead of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 5 16 g8k5 τις πιστὴ 1 any believing woman “any Christian woman” or “any woman who believes in Christ”
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 5 16 d35m ὄντως χήραις 1 real widows “those women who have no one to provide for them”
1TI 5 17 i3l3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul again talks of how elders (overseers) should be treated and then gives Timothy some personal instructions.
1TI 5 17 u93q figs-activepassive οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι…ἀξιούσθωσαν 1 Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All believers should think of the elders who are good leaders as worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 5 17 wp9d διπλῆς τιμῆς 1 double honor Possible meanings are 1) “respect and payment” or 2) “more respect than others receive”
1TI 5 17 wp9d διπλῆς τιμῆς 1 double honor Possible meanings are (1) “respect and payment” or (2) “more respect than others receive”
1TI 5 17 r8ew figs-metaphor οἱ κοπιῶντες ἐν λόγῳ καὶ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 those who work with the word and in teaching Paul speaks about the word as if it is an object that a person can work with. Alternate translation: “those who preach and teach God’s word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 5 18 kh55 figs-personification λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφή 1 For the scripture says This is personification that means that this is what someone has written in the scriptures. Alternate translation: “For we read in the scriptures that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI 5 18 vw3a figs-metaphor βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις 1 You shall not put a muzzle on an ox while it treads the grain Paul is using this quotation as a metaphor meaning that church leaders deserve to receive payment from the Christian community for their work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -272,14 +272,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 5 20 ql4m ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν 1 so that the rest may be afraid “so that others will be afraid to sin”
1TI 5 21 t7jq τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the chosen angels This means the angels whom God and Jesus have chosen to serve them in a special way.
1TI 5 21 f2q7 figs-doublet ταῦτα φυλάξῃς χωρὶς προκρίματος, μηδὲν ποιῶν κατὰ πρόσκλισιν 1 to keep these commands without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism The words “partiality” and “favoritism” mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that Timothy must judge honestly and be fair to everyone. Alternate translation: “to keep these rules without being partial or showing favor to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI 5 21 dph6 ταῦτα 1 these commands Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the rules Paul just told Timothy or 2) this refers to the rules Paul is about to tell Timothy.
1TI 5 21 dph6 ταῦτα 1 these commands Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the rules Paul just told Timothy or (2) this refers to the rules Paul is about to tell Timothy.
1TI 5 22 qb71 χεῖρας…ἐπιτίθει 1 Place hands The placing of hands was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would place their hands on people and pray that God would enable those people to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until the person had shown good character for a long time before officially setting that person apart to serve the Christian community.
1TI 5 22 pyl8 figs-metaphor μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Do not share in the sins of another person Paul speaks of someone’s sin as if it were an object that could be shared with others. Alternate translation: “do not join in another person’s sin” or “do not participate when another person sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 5 22 lt3y μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Do not share in the sins of another person Possible meanings are 1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person’s sin or 2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing.
1TI 5 22 lt3y μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Do not share in the sins of another person Possible meanings are (1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person’s sin or (2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing.
1TI 5 23 xl32 figs-explicit μηκέτι ὑδροπότει 1 You should no longer drink water It is implied that Paul means Timothy should not drink only water. He is telling Timothy to use wine as medicine. The water in that area often caused sickness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI 5 24 uk56 figs-activepassive τινῶν ἀνθρώπων αἱ ἁμαρτίαι πρόδηλοί εἰσιν 1 The sins of some people are openly known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The sins of some people are very obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 5 24 ug1z figs-personification προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν 1 they go before them into judgment “their sins go before those people into judgment.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Their sins are so obvious that everyone will know they are guilty even before anyone testifies against them or 2) Their sins are evident, and God judges them now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI 5 24 i1c6 figs-metaphor τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν 1 But some sins follow later “But some sins follow people later.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Timothy and the Christian community will not know about certain sins until later or 2) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 5 24 ug1z figs-personification προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν 1 they go before them into judgment “their sins go before those people into judgment.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are (1) Their sins are so obvious that everyone will know they are guilty even before anyone testifies against them or (2) Their sins are evident, and God judges them now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI 5 24 i1c6 figs-metaphor τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν 1 But some sins follow later “But some sins follow people later.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are (1) Timothy and the Christian community will not know about certain sins until later or (2) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 5 25 pd8v τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ πρόδηλα 1 some good works are openly known “some good works are obvious”
1TI 5 25 qlu5 τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ 1 good works The works are considered “good” because they fit with God’s character, purposes, and will.
1TI 5 25 bl51 figs-metaphor καὶ τὰ ἄλλως ἔχοντα, κρυβῆναι οὐ δύναταί 1 but even the others cannot be hidden Paul speaks of sins as if they were objects that someone could hide. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but people will later find out about even the good deeds that are not obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 6 1 f5pc ἡ διδασκαλία 1 the teaching “the faith” or “the gospel”
1TI 6 2 fvv7 ἀδελφοί εἰσιν 1 they are brothers Here “brothers” means “fellow believers.”
1TI 6 2 hn12 figs-activepassive οἱ τῆς εὐεργεσίας ἀντιλαμβανόμενοι 1 For the masters who are helped by their work This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the masters whom the slaves help with their work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 6 2 nmh9 figs-activepassive καὶ ἀγαπητοὶ 1 and are loved This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “and the slaves should love them” or 2) “whom God loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 6 2 nmh9 figs-activepassive καὶ ἀγαπητοὶ 1 and are loved This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “and the slaves should love them” or (2) “whom God loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI 6 4 pn8n figs-genericnoun τετύφωται…νοσῶν 1 he is proud…He has an unhealthy interest Here “he” refers to anyone in general that teaches what is not correct. To make this clear, you can translate “he” as “they” as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1TI 6 4 z2rb μηδὲν ἐπιστάμενος 1 understands nothing “understands nothing about God’s truth”
1TI 6 4 qu86 figs-metaphor νοσῶν περὶ ζητήσεις καὶ λογομαχίας 1 He has an unhealthy interest in controversies and arguments Paul speaks of people who feel compelled to engage in useless arguments as if they were ill. Such people greatly desire to argue, and they do not really want to find a way to agree. Alternate translation: “all he wants to do is argue” or “he craves arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 6 11 m5gz figs-you σὺ δέ 1 But you Here “you” is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TI 6 11 tp97 ὦ ἄνθρωπε Θεοῦ 1 man of God “servant of God” or “person who belongs to God”
1TI 6 11 h9c6 figs-metaphor ταῦτα φεῦγε 1 flee from these things Paul speaks of these temptations and sins as if they were things that a person could physically run away from. Alternate translation: “completely avoid these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 6 11 a88g ταῦτα 1 these things Possible meanings of “these things” are 1) the “love of money” or 2) the different teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money.
1TI 6 11 a88g ταῦτα 1 these things Possible meanings of “these things” are (1) the “love of money” or (2) the different teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money.
1TI 6 11 zjl3 figs-metaphor δίωκε…δικαιοσύνην 1 Pursue righteousness “Run after” or “Chase.” Paul speaks of righteousness and other good qualities as if they were things that a person could run after. This metaphor is the opposite of “flee from.” It means to try your best to obtain something. Alternate translation: “Seek to gain” or “Do your best to act in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 6 12 w21p figs-metaphor ἀγωνίζου τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως 1 Fight the good fight of faith Here Paul speaks about a person continuing in faith as if they are an athlete fighting to win a contest or a warrior fighting a battle. Alternate translation: “Try your hardest to obey Christ’s teachings with as much energy as an athlete uses in a contest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 6 12 y6m8 figs-metaphor ἐπιλαβοῦ τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς 1 Take hold of the everlasting life This continues the metaphor. Paul speaks about a person receiving eternal life as if they are a victorious athlete or warrior taking their prize. Alternate translation: “Take eternal life as your reward as a victorious athlete takes his prize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1TI 6 13 t6dh παραγγέλλω σοι 1 I give these orders to you “This is what I command you”
1TI 6 13 ts65 figs-explicit τοῦ ζῳοποιοῦντος τὰ πάντα 1 who gives life to all things “in the presence of God, who causes all things to live.” It is implied that Paul as asking God to be his witness. Alternate translation: “with God, who causes all things to live, as my witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI 6 13 amy1 figs-explicit καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ μαρτυρήσαντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πειλάτου 1 before Christ Jesus, who made…Pilate “in the presence of Christ Jesus, who spoke…Pilate.” It is implied that Paul is asking Jesus to be his witness. Alternate translation: “with Christ Jesus, who spoke…Pilate, as my witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI 6 14 p9n9 figs-metaphor ἄσπιλον ἀνεπίλημπτον 1 without spot or blame The word “spot” is a metaphor for moral fault. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or 2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 6 14 p9n9 figs-metaphor ἄσπιλον ἀνεπίλημπτον 1 without spot or blame The word “spot” is a metaphor for moral fault. Possible meanings are (1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or (2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI 6 14 nk52 μέχρι τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ “until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again”
1TI 6 15 qh1p figs-explicit δείξει 1 God will reveal Christ’s appearing It is implied that God will reveal Jesus. Alternate translation: “God will reveal Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI 6 15 ac6y ὁ μακάριος καὶ μόνος Δυνάστης 1 the blessed and only Sovereign “the One worthy of praise who rules over the world”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
20 1TI 1 4 qpv9 figs-hyperbole γενεαλογίαις ἀπεράντοις 1 endless genealogies With the word “endless” Paul uses exaggeration to emphasize that the genealogies are very long. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
21 1TI 1 4 ft33 γενεαλογίαις 1 genealogies the written or verbal record of a person’s parents and ancestors
22 1TI 1 4 qb9l αἵτινες ἐκζητήσεις παρέχουσι 1 These cause arguments “These make people angrily disagree.” The people debated about stories and genealogies about which no one could know the truth for certain.
23 1TI 1 4 eu9f μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ, τὴν ἐν πίστε 1 rather than helping the plan of God, which is by faith Possible meanings are 1) “rather than helping us to understand God’s plan to save us, which we learn by faith” or 2) “rather than helping us to do God’s work, which we do by faith.” Possible meanings are (1) “rather than helping us to understand God’s plan to save us, which we learn by faith” or (2) “rather than helping us to do God’s work, which we do by faith.”
24 1TI 1 5 myi5 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul explains the purpose of what he is commanding Timothy.
25 1TI 1 5 l7un παραγγελίας 1 the commandment Here this does not mean the Old Testament or the Ten Commandments but rather the instructions that Paul gives in [1 Timothy 1:3](../01/03.md) and [1 Timothy 1:4](../01/04.md).
26 1TI 1 5 i9rs ἐστὶν ἀγάπη 1 is love Possible meanings are 1) “is to love God” or 2) “is to love people.” Possible meanings are (1) “is to love God” or (2) “is to love people.”
27 1TI 1 5 mbe6 figs-metonymy ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 from a pure heart Here “pure” means the person does not have hidden motives to do wrong. Here “heart” refers to a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “from a mind that is honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28 1TI 1 5 ar8t συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς 1 good conscience “a conscience that chooses right instead wrong”
29 1TI 1 5 m53g πίστεως ἀνυποκρίτου 1 sincere faith “genuine faith” or “a faith without hypocrisy”
104 1TI 2 13 v7v6 figs-ellipsis εἶτα Εὕα 1 then Eve The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and then God formed Eve” or “then God created Eve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
105 1TI 2 14 wq5k figs-activepassive Ἀδὰμ οὐκ ἠπατήθη 1 Adam was not deceived This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Adam was not the one whom the serpent deceived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
106 1TI 2 14 n6td figs-activepassive ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἐξαπατηθεῖσα, ἐν παραβάσει γέγονεν 1 but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but it was the woman who disobeyed God when the serpent deceived her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
107 1TI 2 15 u8iv σωθήσεται…διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 she will be saved through bearing children Here “she” refers to women in general. Possible meanings are 1) God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children, or 2) God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers. Here “she” refers to women in general. Possible meanings are (1) God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children, or (2) God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers.
108 1TI 2 15 n818 figs-activepassive σωθήσεται 1 she will be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save her” or “God will save women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
109 1TI 2 15 gh3c ἐὰν μείνωσιν 1 if they continue “if they remain” or “if they continue living.” Here “they” refers to women.
110 1TI 2 15 sl57 figs-abstractnouns ἐν πίστει, καὶ ἀγάπῃ, καὶ ἁγιασμῷ 1 in faith and love and sanctification The abstract nouns here can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “in trusting Jesus and loving others and living a holy life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
111 1TI 2 15 dcf3 figs-idiom μετὰ σωφροσύνης 1 with soundness of mind Possible meanings for this idiom are 1) “with good judgment,” 2) “with modesty,” or 3) “with self-control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Possible meanings for this idiom are (1) “with good judgment,” (2) “with modesty,” or (3) “with self-control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
112 1TI 2 15 zr4b figs-abstractnouns σωφροσύνης 1 soundness of mind If the idiom is retained in translation, the abstract noun “soundness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a sound mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
113 1TI 3 intro d9db 0 # 1 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to list important doctrines that believers all shared.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Overseers and deacons<br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include elder, pastor, and bishop. The word “overseer” reflects the meaning of the original language in verses 1-2. Paul writes about “deacons” in verses 8 and 12 as another kind of church leader.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Character qualities<br>This chapter lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an overseer or deacon in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br>
114 1TI 3 1 rwi8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives some special instructions on how the overseers of the church should act and be.
118 1TI 3 3 c2c7 μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην, ἀλλὰ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον 1 He must not be addicted to wine, not a brawler, but instead, gentle, peaceful “He must neither drink too much alcohol nor like to fight and argue, but instead he must be gentle and peaceful”
119 1TI 3 3 pc2g ἀφιλάργυρον 1 a lover of money “greedy for money”
120 1TI 3 4 a8gu προϊστάμενον 1 He should manage “He should lead” or “He should take care of”
121 1TI 3 4 w3un μετὰ πάσης σεμνότητος 1 with all respect Possible meanings are 1) the overseer’s children should obey and show respect to their father or 2) the overseer’s children should show respect to everyone or 3) the overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them. Possible meanings are (1) the overseer’s children should obey and show respect to their father or (2) the overseer’s children should show respect to everyone or (3) the overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them.
122 1TI 3 4 m8a5 πάσης σεμνότητος 1 all respect “complete respect” or “respect at all times”
123 1TI 3 5 n8zi εἰ δέ τις τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν 1 For if a man does not know how to manage “For when a man cannot manage”
124 1TI 3 5 n5lt figs-rquestion πῶς ἐκκλησίας Θεοῦ ἐπιμελήσεται? 1 how will he care for a church of God? Paul uses a question to teach Timothy. Alternate translation: “he cannot take care of a church of God.” or “he will not be able to lead a church of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
135 1TI 3 9 y91f figs-metaphor πίστεως ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 faith with a clean conscience Paul speaks of a person’s knowledge that he has done no wrong as if that knowledge or conscience were clean. Alternate translation: “faith, knowing they have tried their hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136 1TI 3 10 hl1p figs-activepassive οὗτοι…δοκιμαζέσθωσαν πρῶτον 1 They should also be approved first This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Other believers should approve of them first” or “They should prove themselves first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
137 1TI 3 10 m5ar δοκιμαζέσθωσαν 1 be approved This means other believers should evaluate those who want to be a deacon and determine if they are fit to serve in the church.
138 1TI 3 11 xyc9 γυναῖκας ὡσαύτως 1 Women in the same way Possible meanings are 1) “women” refers to the wives of deacons or 2) “women” refers to female deacons. Possible meanings are (1) “women” refers to the wives of deacons or (2) “women” refers to female deacons.
139 1TI 3 11 q5qx σεμνάς 1 be dignified “act properly” or “be worthy of respect”
140 1TI 3 11 a12k μὴ διαβόλους 1 They should not be slanderers “They must not speak evil about other people”
141 1TI 3 11 akm5 νηφαλίους 1 be moderate and “not do anything to excess.” See how you translated this in [1 Timothy 3:2](../03/02.md).
144 1TI 3 13 rfq2 οἱ γὰρ 1 For those “For those deacons” or “For these church leaders”
145 1TI 3 13 s9si ἑαυτοῖς…περιποιοῦνται 1 acquire for themselves “receive for themselves” or “gain for themselves”
146 1TI 3 13 cv34 figs-explicit βαθμὸν…καλὸν 1 a good standing The implied meaning may be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “a good reputation among other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
147 1TI 3 13 m684 πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 great confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus Possible meanings are 1) they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence or 2) they will speak confidently to other people about their faith in Jesus. Possible meanings are (1) they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence or (2) they will speak confidently to other people about their faith in Jesus.
148 1TI 3 14 s4p2 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells Timothy the reason he wrote to him and then describes Christ’s godliness.
149 1TI 3 15 z9z8 ἐὰν δὲ βραδύνω 1 But if I delay “But in case I cannot go there soon” or “But if something prevents me for being there soon”
150 1TI 3 15 p9u4 figs-metaphor ἵνα εἰδῇς πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι 1 so that you may know how to behave in the household of God Paul speaks of the group of believers as if they were a family. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is referring only to Timothy’s behavior in the church. Alternate translation: “so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God’s family” or 2) Paul is referring to the believers’ in general. Alternate translation: “so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of the group of believers as if they were a family. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is referring only to Timothy’s behavior in the church. Alternate translation: “so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God’s family” or (2) Paul is referring to the believers’ in general. Alternate translation: “so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151 1TI 3 15 wzk3 figs-distinguish οἴκῳ Θεοῦ…ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος 1 household of God, which is the church of the living God This phrase gives us information about “the household of God” rather than making a distinction between a household of God which is the church and one that is not the church. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “house hold of God. Those who belong to the family of God are the community of believers in the living God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
152 1TI 3 15 cd5r figs-metaphor ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος, στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας 1 which is the church of the living God, the pillar and support of the truth Paul speaks of the believers bearing witness to the truth about Christ as if they were a pillar and a base supporting a building. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “which is the church of the living God. And, by keeping and teaching God’s truth, these members of the church support the truth just as a pillar and base support a building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153 1TI 3 15 sg64 Θεοῦ ζῶντος 1 the living God Here this expression may be speaking of God as the one who gives life to all, as in the UST.
165 1TI 4 intro b39h 0 # 1 Timothy 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[1 Timothy 4:1](../04/01.md) is a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Later times<br>This is another way of referring to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br>
166 1TI 4 1 gyd8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells Timothy what the Spirit says will happen and encourages him in what he should teach.
167 1TI 4 1 jzr9 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Paul starts to tell a new part of the teaching.
168 1TI 4 1 b739 ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς 1 in later times Possible meanings are 1) this refers to a time after Paul dies or 2) this is at a latter time in Paul’s own life. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to a time after Paul dies or (2) this is at a latter time in Paul’s own life.
169 1TI 4 1 b931 figs-metaphor ἀποστήσονταί…τῆς πίστεως 1 leave the faith Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place or an object. Alternate translation: “stop trusting in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170 1TI 4 1 q13m προσέχοντες 1 and pay attention “and give attention” or “because they are paying attention”
171 1TI 4 1 ae5w πνεύμασι πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων 1 deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons “spirits who trick people and the things that demons teach”
172 1TI 4 2 pw29 ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 in lying hypocrisy This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “These people will be hypocrites and speak lies”
173 1TI 4 2 u2f4 figs-metaphor κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν 1 Their own consciences will be branded Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking of people who can no longer tell that they are doing wrong as if their minds are ruined like skin that someone has burned with a hot iron or 2) Paul is speaking of these people as if Satan had put a mark on these people with a hot iron to indicate that they belong to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) Paul is speaking of people who can no longer tell that they are doing wrong as if their minds are ruined like skin that someone has burned with a hot iron or (2) Paul is speaking of these people as if Satan had put a mark on these people with a hot iron to indicate that they belong to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174 1TI 4 3 k4db κωλυόντων 1 They will “These people will”
175 1TI 4 3 wd2l figs-explicit κωλυόντων γαμεῖν 1 forbid to marry It is implied that they will forbid believers to marry. Alternate translation: “forbid believers to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
176 1TI 4 3 m1d6 figs-explicit ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων 1 to receive foods It is implied that they will forbid only certain foods. Alternate translation: “they will require believers to abstain from certain foods” or “they will not allow people to eat certain foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
205 1TI 4 15 j8zi figs-metaphor ἵνα σου ἡ προκοπὴ φανερὰ ᾖ πᾶσιν 1 so that your progress may be evident to all people Paul speaks of Timothy’s increasing ability to serve God as if it were a physical object that others could look at. Alternate translation: “so other people will know that you are serving God better and better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
206 1TI 4 16 uq6c ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Give careful attention to yourself and to the teaching “Conduct yourself carefully and give attention to the teaching” or “Control your own behavior and give attention to the teaching”
207 1TI 4 16 zxe7 ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς 1 Continue in these things “Continue to do these things”
208 1TI 4 16 u7ez καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου 1 you will save yourself and those who listen to you Possible meanings are 1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment or 2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers. Possible meanings are (1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment or (2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers.
209 1TI 5 intro jx4e 0 # 1 Timothy 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Honor and respect<br>Paul encourages younger Christians to honor and respect older Christians. Cultures honor and respect older people in different ways.<br><br>### Widows<br>In the ancient Near East, it was important to care for widows, because they could not provide for themselves.<br>
210 1TI 5 1 wt5y figs-you 0 General Information: Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
211 1TI 5 1 h7d1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to tell Timothy how to treat the men, women, widows, and younger women in the church.
227 1TI 5 6 qy5h figs-metaphor τέθνηκεν 1 is dead Paul speaks about people who do not seek to please God as if they were dead. Alternate translation: “is like a dead person, she does not respond to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228 1TI 5 6 p5hi ζῶσα 1 is still alive This refers to physical life.
229 1TI 5 7 qw6m ταῦτα παράγγελλε 1 Give these instructions “Command these things”
230 1TI 5 7 a13p ἵνα ἀνεπίλημπτοι ὦσιν 1 so that they may be blameless “so that no one can find fault with them.” Possible meanings of “they” are 1) “these widows and their families” or 2) “the believers.” It might be best to leave the subject as “they.” “so that no one can find fault with them.” Possible meanings of “they” are (1) “these widows and their families” or (2) “the believers.” It might be best to leave the subject as “they.”
231 1TI 5 8 p7h2 τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ 1 does not provide for his own relatives, especially for those of his own household “does not help with his relatives’ needs, especially for those family members living in his home”
232 1TI 5 8 y645 τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται 1 he has denied the faith “he has acted contrary to the truth we believe”
233 1TI 5 8 evm7 ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων 1 is worse than an unbeliever “is worse than those who do not believe in Jesus.” Paul means this person is worse than an unbeliever because even unbelievers take care of their relatives. Therefore, a believer should certainly take care of his relatives.
234 1TI 5 9 s8ql χήρα καταλεγέσθω 1 be enrolled as a widow There seems to have been a list, written or not, of widows. The church members met these women’s needs for shelter, clothing, and food, and these women were expected to devote their lives to serving the Christian community.
235 1TI 5 9 i27x translate-numbers μὴ ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα 1 who is not younger than sixty As Paul will explain in 5:11-16, widows who were younger than 60 years old might get married again. Therefore the Christian community was to care only for widows who were older than 60. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
236 1TI 5 9 q9dj γεγονυῖα, ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή 1 a wife of one husband Possible meanings are 1) she was always faithful to her husband or 2) she had not divorced her husband then married another man. Possible meanings are (1) she was always faithful to her husband or (2) she had not divorced her husband then married another man.
237 1TI 5 10 l8nm figs-activepassive ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς μαρτυρουμένη 1 She must be known for good deeds This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People must be able to attest to her good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
238 1TI 5 10 mik7 ἐξενοδόχησεν 1 has been hospitable to strangers “has welcomed strangers into her home”
239 1TI 5 10 ygl3 figs-metonymy ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν 1 has washed the feet of the saints Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is one way of meeting other people’s needs and making life more enjoyable for them. This probably means she did humble work in general. Alternate translation: “has done common work to help other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
249 1TI 5 13 cym5 φλύαροι 1 nonsense words that do not help those who hear them
250 1TI 5 13 umk2 περίεργοι 1 busybodies people who look into other people’s private lives for their own good and not for the good of the other people
251 1TI 5 14 bh1q οἰκοδεσποτεῖν 1 to manage the household “to take care of everyone in her house”
252 1TI 5 14 u94k τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ 1 the enemy Possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan or 2) this refers to unbelievers who are hostile to Christians. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Satan or (2) this refers to unbelievers who are hostile to Christians.
253 1TI 5 14 a1w5 figs-inclusive λοιδορίας χάριν 1 to slander us Here “us” refers to the entire Christian community, including Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
254 1TI 5 15 fy54 figs-metaphor ἐξετράπησαν ὀπίσω τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 turned aside after Satan Paul speaks of living in faithfulness to Christ as if it were a path to be followed. This means the woman stopped obeying Jesus and started obeying Satan. Alternate translation: “left the path of Christ to follow Satan” or “decided to obey Satan instead of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
255 1TI 5 16 g8k5 τις πιστὴ 1 any believing woman “any Christian woman” or “any woman who believes in Christ”
258 1TI 5 16 d35m ὄντως χήραις 1 real widows “those women who have no one to provide for them”
259 1TI 5 17 i3l3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul again talks of how elders (overseers) should be treated and then gives Timothy some personal instructions.
260 1TI 5 17 u93q figs-activepassive οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι…ἀξιούσθωσαν 1 Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All believers should think of the elders who are good leaders as worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
261 1TI 5 17 wp9d διπλῆς τιμῆς 1 double honor Possible meanings are 1) “respect and payment” or 2) “more respect than others receive” Possible meanings are (1) “respect and payment” or (2) “more respect than others receive”
262 1TI 5 17 r8ew figs-metaphor οἱ κοπιῶντες ἐν λόγῳ καὶ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 those who work with the word and in teaching Paul speaks about the word as if it is an object that a person can work with. Alternate translation: “those who preach and teach God’s word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263 1TI 5 18 kh55 figs-personification λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφή 1 For the scripture says This is personification that means that this is what someone has written in the scriptures. Alternate translation: “For we read in the scriptures that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
264 1TI 5 18 vw3a figs-metaphor βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις 1 You shall not put a muzzle on an ox while it treads the grain Paul is using this quotation as a metaphor meaning that church leaders deserve to receive payment from the Christian community for their work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272 1TI 5 20 ql4m ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν 1 so that the rest may be afraid “so that others will be afraid to sin”
273 1TI 5 21 t7jq τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the chosen angels This means the angels whom God and Jesus have chosen to serve them in a special way.
274 1TI 5 21 f2q7 figs-doublet ταῦτα φυλάξῃς χωρὶς προκρίματος, μηδὲν ποιῶν κατὰ πρόσκλισιν 1 to keep these commands without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism The words “partiality” and “favoritism” mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that Timothy must judge honestly and be fair to everyone. Alternate translation: “to keep these rules without being partial or showing favor to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
275 1TI 5 21 dph6 ταῦτα 1 these commands Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the rules Paul just told Timothy or 2) this refers to the rules Paul is about to tell Timothy. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the rules Paul just told Timothy or (2) this refers to the rules Paul is about to tell Timothy.
276 1TI 5 22 qb71 χεῖρας…ἐπιτίθει 1 Place hands The placing of hands was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would place their hands on people and pray that God would enable those people to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until the person had shown good character for a long time before officially setting that person apart to serve the Christian community.
277 1TI 5 22 pyl8 figs-metaphor μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Do not share in the sins of another person Paul speaks of someone’s sin as if it were an object that could be shared with others. Alternate translation: “do not join in another person’s sin” or “do not participate when another person sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278 1TI 5 22 lt3y μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Do not share in the sins of another person Possible meanings are 1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person’s sin or 2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing. Possible meanings are (1) if Timothy chose someone who was guilty of sin to be a church worker, God would hold Timothy responsible for that person’s sin or (2) Timothy should not commit sins he saw others committing.
279 1TI 5 23 xl32 figs-explicit μηκέτι ὑδροπότει 1 You should no longer drink water It is implied that Paul means Timothy should not drink only water. He is telling Timothy to use wine as medicine. The water in that area often caused sickness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
280 1TI 5 24 uk56 figs-activepassive τινῶν ἀνθρώπων αἱ ἁμαρτίαι πρόδηλοί εἰσιν 1 The sins of some people are openly known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The sins of some people are very obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
281 1TI 5 24 ug1z figs-personification προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν 1 they go before them into judgment “their sins go before those people into judgment.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Their sins are so obvious that everyone will know they are guilty even before anyone testifies against them or 2) Their sins are evident, and God judges them now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) “their sins go before those people into judgment.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are (1) Their sins are so obvious that everyone will know they are guilty even before anyone testifies against them or (2) Their sins are evident, and God judges them now. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
282 1TI 5 24 i1c6 figs-metaphor τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν 1 But some sins follow later “But some sins follow people later.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are 1) Timothy and the Christian community will not know about certain sins until later or 2) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) “But some sins follow people later.” Paul speaks of sins as if they were moving. Possible meanings are (1) Timothy and the Christian community will not know about certain sins until later or (2) God will not judge some sins until the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283 1TI 5 25 pd8v τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ πρόδηλα 1 some good works are openly known “some good works are obvious”
284 1TI 5 25 qlu5 τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ 1 good works The works are considered “good” because they fit with God’s character, purposes, and will.
285 1TI 5 25 bl51 figs-metaphor καὶ τὰ ἄλλως ἔχοντα, κρυβῆναι οὐ δύναταί 1 but even the others cannot be hidden Paul speaks of sins as if they were objects that someone could hide. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but people will later find out about even the good deeds that are not obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292 1TI 6 1 f5pc ἡ διδασκαλία 1 the teaching “the faith” or “the gospel”
293 1TI 6 2 fvv7 ἀδελφοί εἰσιν 1 they are brothers Here “brothers” means “fellow believers.”
294 1TI 6 2 hn12 figs-activepassive οἱ τῆς εὐεργεσίας ἀντιλαμβανόμενοι 1 For the masters who are helped by their work This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the masters whom the slaves help with their work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
295 1TI 6 2 nmh9 figs-activepassive καὶ ἀγαπητοὶ 1 and are loved This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “and the slaves should love them” or 2) “whom God loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “and the slaves should love them” or (2) “whom God loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
296 1TI 6 4 pn8n figs-genericnoun τετύφωται…νοσῶν 1 he is proud…He has an unhealthy interest Here “he” refers to anyone in general that teaches what is not correct. To make this clear, you can translate “he” as “they” as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
297 1TI 6 4 z2rb μηδὲν ἐπιστάμενος 1 understands nothing “understands nothing about God’s truth”
298 1TI 6 4 qu86 figs-metaphor νοσῶν περὶ ζητήσεις καὶ λογομαχίας 1 He has an unhealthy interest in controversies and arguments Paul speaks of people who feel compelled to engage in useless arguments as if they were ill. Such people greatly desire to argue, and they do not really want to find a way to agree. Alternate translation: “all he wants to do is argue” or “he craves arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320 1TI 6 11 m5gz figs-you σὺ δέ 1 But you Here “you” is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
321 1TI 6 11 tp97 ὦ ἄνθρωπε Θεοῦ 1 man of God “servant of God” or “person who belongs to God”
322 1TI 6 11 h9c6 figs-metaphor ταῦτα φεῦγε 1 flee from these things Paul speaks of these temptations and sins as if they were things that a person could physically run away from. Alternate translation: “completely avoid these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323 1TI 6 11 a88g ταῦτα 1 these things Possible meanings of “these things” are 1) the “love of money” or 2) the different teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money. Possible meanings of “these things” are (1) the “love of money” or (2) the different teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money.
324 1TI 6 11 zjl3 figs-metaphor δίωκε…δικαιοσύνην 1 Pursue righteousness “Run after” or “Chase.” Paul speaks of righteousness and other good qualities as if they were things that a person could run after. This metaphor is the opposite of “flee from.” It means to try your best to obtain something. Alternate translation: “Seek to gain” or “Do your best to act in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
325 1TI 6 12 w21p figs-metaphor ἀγωνίζου τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως 1 Fight the good fight of faith Here Paul speaks about a person continuing in faith as if they are an athlete fighting to win a contest or a warrior fighting a battle. Alternate translation: “Try your hardest to obey Christ’s teachings with as much energy as an athlete uses in a contest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
326 1TI 6 12 y6m8 figs-metaphor ἐπιλαβοῦ τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς 1 Take hold of the everlasting life This continues the metaphor. Paul speaks about a person receiving eternal life as if they are a victorious athlete or warrior taking their prize. Alternate translation: “Take eternal life as your reward as a victorious athlete takes his prize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331 1TI 6 13 t6dh παραγγέλλω σοι 1 I give these orders to you “This is what I command you”
332 1TI 6 13 ts65 figs-explicit τοῦ ζῳοποιοῦντος τὰ πάντα 1 who gives life to all things “in the presence of God, who causes all things to live.” It is implied that Paul as asking God to be his witness. Alternate translation: “with God, who causes all things to live, as my witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
333 1TI 6 13 amy1 figs-explicit καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ μαρτυρήσαντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πειλάτου 1 before Christ Jesus, who made…Pilate “in the presence of Christ Jesus, who spoke…Pilate.” It is implied that Paul is asking Jesus to be his witness. Alternate translation: “with Christ Jesus, who spoke…Pilate, as my witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
334 1TI 6 14 p9n9 figs-metaphor ἄσπιλον ἀνεπίλημπτον 1 without spot or blame The word “spot” is a metaphor for moral fault. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or 2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The word “spot” is a metaphor for moral fault. Possible meanings are (1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or (2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
335 1TI 6 14 nk52 μέχρι τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ “until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again”
336 1TI 6 15 qh1p figs-explicit δείξει 1 God will reveal Christ’s appearing It is implied that God will reveal Jesus. Alternate translation: “God will reveal Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
337 1TI 6 15 ac6y ὁ μακάριος καὶ μόνος Δυνάστης 1 the blessed and only Sovereign “the One worthy of praise who rules over the world”

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@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 1 1 dcr3 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word “our” refers to Paul (the writer of this letter) and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2TI 1 1 ha4l Παῦλος 1 Paul Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
2TI 1 1 vl2g διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ 1 through the will of God “because of God’s will” or “because God wanted it to be so.” Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle and not because a human being chose him.
2TI 1 1 e1lg κατ’ 1 according to Possible meanings are 1) “for the purpose of.” This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God’s promise of life in Jesus or 2) “in keeping with.” This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, by that same will God has made Paul an apostle.
2TI 1 1 e1lg κατ’ 1 according to Possible meanings are (1) “for the purpose of.” This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God’s promise of life in Jesus or (2) “in keeping with.” This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, by that same will God has made Paul an apostle.
2TI 1 1 m9kv figs-metaphor ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 of life that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of “life” as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 2 rp5u Τιμοθέῳ 1 to Timothy Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
2TI 1 2 ey7g figs-metaphor ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ 1 beloved child “dear child” or “child whom I love. Here “child” is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Christ to Timothy, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is like my beloved child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 2 w43q χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ 1 Grace, mercy, and peace from “May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within you from” or “I pray that you will have grace, mercy, and peace from”
2TI 1 2 ub7c guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ 1 God the Father and “God, who is the Father, and.” This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) Paul could be referring to God here as 1) the Father of Christ, or 2) the Father of believers.
2TI 1 2 ub7c guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ 1 God the Father and “God, who is the Father, and.” This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) Paul could be referring to God here as (1) the Father of Christ, or (2) the Father of believers.
2TI 1 2 yp2q Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Christ Jesus our Lord “Christ Jesus, who is our Lord”
2TI 1 3 tvb7 ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων 1 whom I serve from my forefathers “whom I serve as my ancestors did”
2TI 1 3 ha9d figs-metaphor ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 with a clean conscience Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. A person with a “clean conscience” does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. Alternate translation: “knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 1 6 j58k δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 This is the reason “For this reason” or “Because of your sincere faith in Jesus”
2TI 1 6 h6eq figs-metaphor ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα 1 to rekindle the gift Paul speaks about Timothy’s need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. Alternate translation: “to start using again the gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 6 i977 τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου 1 the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you.” This refers to a time when Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do.
2TI 1 7 h1z3 οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 1 God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline Possible meanings are 1) “spirit” refers to the “Holy Spirit.” Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” or 2) “spirit” refers to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
2TI 1 7 k6g7 σωφρονισμοῦ 1 discipline Possible meanings are 1) the power to control ourselves or 2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong.
2TI 1 7 h1z3 οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 1 God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline Possible meanings are (1) “spirit” refers to the “Holy Spirit.” Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” or (2) “spirit” refers to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
2TI 1 7 k6g7 σωφρονισμοῦ 1 discipline Possible meanings are (1) the power to control ourselves or (2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong.
2TI 1 8 fk9z τὸ μαρτύριον 1 of the testimony “of testifying” or “of telling others”
2TI 1 8 blk9 τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ 1 his prisoner “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner because I testify about the Lord”
2TI 1 8 ry82 figs-metaphor συνκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 share in suffering for the gospel Paul speaks of suffering as if it were an object that could be shared or distributed among people. Alternate translation: “suffer with me for the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 1 12 j37g δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 For this cause “Because I am an apostle”
2TI 1 12 y8l4 καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω 1 I also suffer these things Paul is referring to being a prisoner.
2TI 1 12 td39 πέπεισμαι 1 I am persuaded “I am convinced”
2TI 1 12 p6pi figs-metaphor τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι 1 to keep that which I have entrusted to him Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or 2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 12 p6pi figs-metaphor τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι 1 to keep that which I have entrusted to him Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or (2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 12 qcu3 figs-metonymy ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν 1 that day This refers to the day when God judges all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 1 13 h1qd ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας 1 Keep the example of faithful messages that you heard from me “Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you” or “Use how I taught you as a pattern for what and how you should teach”
2TI 1 13 b2ld ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus “as you trust in Jesus Christ and love him”
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 2 1 e6ex figs-metaphor ἐνδυναμοῦ ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks about the motivation and determination that God’s grace allows believers to have. Alternate translation: “let God use the grace he gave you through your relationship to Christ Jesus to make you strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 2 ig9v διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων 1 among many witnesses “with many witnesses there to agree that what I said is true”
2TI 2 2 kv1m figs-metaphor ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 entrust them to faithful people Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. Alternate translation: “commit them” or “teach them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 3 yc1j συνκακοπάθησον 1 Suffer hardship with me Possible meanings are 1) “Endure suffering as I do” or 2) “Share in my suffering”
2TI 2 3 yc1j συνκακοπάθησον 1 Suffer hardship with me Possible meanings are (1) “Endure suffering as I do” or (2) “Share in my suffering”
2TI 2 3 juu2 figs-simile ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 as a good soldier of Christ Jesus Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2TI 2 4 a4x7 οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις 1 No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life “No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life” or “When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people do.” Christ’s servants should not allow everyday life to keep them from working for Christ.
2TI 2 4 p7n5 figs-metaphor ἐμπλέκεται 1 while entangled Paul speaks of this distraction as if it were a net that tripped people up as they were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 2 13 ihd4 ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται 1 he cannot deny himself “he must always act according to his character” or “he cannot act in ways that are the opposite of his real character”
2TI 2 14 u661 0 General Information: The word “them” may refer to “the teachers” or “the people of the church”
2TI 2 14 r5lq figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God Paul speaks of God’s awareness of Paul as if he is in God’s physical presence. This implies that God will be Timothy’s witness. Alternate translation: “in God’s presence” or “with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TI 2 14 g6p7 μὴ λογομαχεῖν 1 against quarreling about words Possible meanings are 1) “not to argue about foolish things that people say” or 2) “not to quarrel about what words mean”
2TI 2 14 g6p7 μὴ λογομαχεῖν 1 against quarreling about words Possible meanings are (1) “not to argue about foolish things that people say” or (2) “not to quarrel about what words mean”
2TI 2 14 rke6 ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον 1 it is of no value “this does not benefit anyone”
2TI 2 15 m3vy σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον 1 to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed “to present yourself to God as a person who has proven to be worthy and with no cause for shame”
2TI 2 15 rj6y figs-metaphor ἐργάτην 1 a worker Paul presents the idea of Timothy correctly explaining God’s word as if he were a skilled workman. Alternate translation: “like a workman” or “like a worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 15 xgz9 ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας 1 accurately teaches the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “explains the message about the truth correctly” or 2) “explains the true message correctly.”
2TI 2 15 xgz9 ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας 1 accurately teaches the word of truth Possible meanings are (1) “explains the message about the truth correctly” or (2) “explains the true message correctly.”
2TI 2 16 e27q figs-metaphor ἐπὶ πλεῖον…προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας 1 which leads to more and more godlessness Paul speaks of this kind of talk as if it were something that could physically move to another location, and he speaks of godlessness as if it were that new location. Alternate translation: “which causes people to become more and more ungodly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 17 i73t figs-simile ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει 1 Their talk will spread like cancer Cancer quickly spreads in a person’s body and destroys it. This is a metaphor that means what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. Alternate translation: “What they say will spread like an infectious disease” or “Their talk will spread quickly and cause destruction like cancer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2TI 2 17 x2k6 translate-names Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος 1 Hymenaeus and Philetus These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -106,18 +106,18 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 2 18 pu22 ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι 1 the resurrection has already happened “God has already raised dead believers to eternal life”
2TI 2 18 ura5 ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν 1 they destroy the faith of some “they cause some people to stop believing”
2TI 2 19 zp5m figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Just as precious and common containers can be used for honorable ways in a wealthy house, any person who turns to God can be used by God in honorable ways in doing good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 19 ir1z figs-metaphor ὁ…στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν 1 the firm foundation of God stands Possible meanings are 1) “God’s truth is like a firm foundation” or 2) “God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation” or 3) “God’s faithfulness is like a firm foundation.” In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building’s foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 19 ir1z figs-metaphor ὁ…στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν 1 the firm foundation of God stands Possible meanings are (1) “God’s truth is like a firm foundation” or (2) “God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation” or (3) “God’s faithfulness is like a firm foundation.” In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building’s foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 19 nd7t figs-metonymy ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου 1 who names the name of the Lord “who calls on the name of the Lord.” Here “name of the Lord” refers to the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “who calls on the Lord” or “who says he is a believer in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 19 y3bc figs-metaphor ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας 1 depart from unrighteousness Paul speaks of unrighteousness as if it were a place from which one could leave. Alternate translation: “stop being evil” or “stop doing wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 20 j75l figs-metaphor σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ…ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα 1 containers of gold and silver…containers of wood and clay Here “containers” is a general word for bowls, plates, and pots, which people put food or drink into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for “bowls” or “pots.” Paul is using this as a metaphor to describe different types of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 20 mt5e τιμὴν…ἀτιμίαν 1 honorable use…dishonorable Possible meanings are 1) “special occasions…ordinary times” or 2) “the kinds of activities people do in public…the kinds of activities people do in private.”
2TI 2 21 jm3p figs-metaphor ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων 1 cleans himself from dishonorable use Possible meanings are 1) “separates himself from dishonorable people” or 2) “makes himself pure.” In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 20 mt5e τιμὴν…ἀτιμίαν 1 honorable use…dishonorable Possible meanings are (1) “special occasions…ordinary times” or (2) “the kinds of activities people do in public…the kinds of activities people do in private.”
2TI 2 21 jm3p figs-metaphor ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων 1 cleans himself from dishonorable use Possible meanings are (1) “separates himself from dishonorable people” or (2) “makes himself pure.” In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 21 g79f figs-metaphor ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν 1 he is an honorable container Paul speaks about this person as if he were an honorable container. Alternate translation: “he is like the container that is useful for special occasions” or “he is like the container that is useful for activities good people do in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 21 mh63 figs-activepassive ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον 1 He is set apart, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Master sets him apart, and he is ready for the Master to use him for every good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 2 21 nl5d figs-metaphor ἡγιασμένον 1 He is set apart He is not set apart physically or in the sense of location, but instead to fulfill a purpose. Some versions translate this “sanctified,” but the text signals the essential idea of being set apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 22 h9p6 figs-metaphor τὰς δὲ νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε 1 Flee youthful lusts Paul speaks about youthful lusts as if they are a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. Alternate translation: “Completely avoid youthful lusts” or “Absolutely refuse to do the wrong things that young people strongly desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 22 srb7 figs-metaphor δίωκε…δικαιοσύνην 1 Pursue righteousness Here “Pursue” means the opposite of “Flee.” Paul speaks of righteousness as if it is an object that Timothy should run towards because it will do him good. Alternate translation: “Try your best to obtain righteousness” or “Seek after righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 22 hg99 μετὰ τῶν 1 with those Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or 2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers.
2TI 2 22 hg99 μετὰ τῶν 1 with those Possible meanings are (1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or (2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers.
2TI 2 22 gl3q figs-idiom τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον 1 those who call on the Lord Here “call on the Lord” is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2TI 2 22 b2ti figs-metaphor ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 out of a clean heart Here “clean” is a metaphor for something pure or sincere. And, “heart” here is a metonym for “thoughts” or “emotions.” Alternate translation: “with a sincere mind” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 23 tmf7 figs-metonymy τὰς δὲ μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ 1 refuse foolish and ignorant questions “refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions.” Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. Alternate translation: “refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 2 26 dj4j figs-metaphor ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 after they have been captured by him for his will Convincing Christians to sin is spoken of as if the devil had physically captured them and made them his slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after he has deceived them into obeying his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 3 intro k2cr 0 # 2 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The “last days” could mean in the future just before Jesus returns. If so, Paul is prophesying in verses 1-9 and 13 about those days. The “last days” could also mean the Christian age, including Paul’s time. If so, what Paul teaches about being persecuted applies to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br>
2TI 3 1 j97t 0 Connecting Statement: Paul lets Timothy know that in the future people will stop believing the truth, but he should continuing trusting God’s word even when he is persecuted.
2TI 3 1 g65r ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 In the last days Possible meanings are 1) this is a time later than Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “in the future just before Jesus returns” or 2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “during this period of time before the end”
2TI 3 1 g65r ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 In the last days Possible meanings are (1) this is a time later than Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “in the future just before Jesus returns” or (2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “during this period of time before the end”
2TI 3 1 n7gs καιροὶ χαλεποί 1 difficult times These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will endure suffering and danger.
2TI 3 2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 lovers of themselves Here “lovers” refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member, a natural human love between friends or relatives. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
2TI 3 3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 without natural affection “not loving their own families”
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 3 5 xm1c figs-metaphor τούτους ἀποτρέπου 1 Turn away from these people “Turn away” here is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “Avoid these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 6 gu4b ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντες 1 enter into households and captivate “enter into houses and greatly influence”
2TI 3 6 u9m5 γυναικάρια 1 foolish women “women who are spiritually weak.” These women may be spiritually be weak because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle and have many sins.
2TI 3 6 e9ex figs-metaphor σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις 1 who are heaped up with sins Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are 1) “who sin often” or 2) “who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin.” The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 6 e9ex figs-metaphor σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις 1 who are heaped up with sins Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are (1) “who sin often” or (2) “who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin.” The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 6 izz9 figs-metaphor ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 1 are led away by various desires Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could lead another person away. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they desire to sin in various ways rather than obey Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 3 8 m6a7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives an example of two false teachers from the time of Moses and applies it to the way people will be. Paul encourages Timothy to follow his own example and stay in God’s word.
2TI 3 8 b8el translate-names Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς 1 Jannes and Jambres These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -198,19 +198,19 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 4 6 fb7l figs-euphemism ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν 1 The time of my departure has come Here “departure” is a polite way of referring to death. Alternate translation: “Soon I will die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2TI 4 7 d9ts figs-metaphor τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι 1 I have competed in the good contest Paul speaks of his hard work as if he had been an athlete competing for a prize. Alternate translation: “I have done my best” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 7 kq83 figs-metaphor τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα 1 I have finished the race Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. Alternate translation: “I have completed what I needed to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 7 vk2p figs-metaphor τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα 1 I have kept the faith Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are 1) “I have been faithful in doing my ministry” or 2) “I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 7 vk2p figs-metaphor τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα 1 I have kept the faith Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are (1) “I have been faithful in doing my ministry” or (2) “I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 8 ujg5 figs-activepassive ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 4 8 hg8i figs-metaphor τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 crown of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or 2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 8 hg8i figs-metaphor τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 crown of righteousness Possible meanings are (1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or (2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 8 dwn6 στέφανος 1 crown a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests
2TI 4 8 n3k8 ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on that day “on the day when the Lord comes again” or “on the day when God judges people”
2TI 4 8 uh88 figs-pastforfuture ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ 1 but also to all those who have loved his appearing Paul speaks about this event as if it has already happened. It can be stated as a future event. Alternate translation: “but also he will give it to those who are eagerly waiting for him to return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2TI 4 9 s7xl 0 Connecting Statement: Paul talks of specific people and how they behaved, of God’s work for and to him, and then closes with greetings to and from certain people.
2TI 4 9 t8b7 ἐλθεῖν…ταχέως 1 come…quickly “come…as soon as possible”
2TI 4 10 e4xx translate-names Δημᾶς…Κρήσκης…Τίτος 1 Demas…Crescens…Titus These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 4 10 ji2l figs-metonymy τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα 1 this present world Here “world” refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 10 ji2l figs-metonymy τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα 1 this present world Here “world” refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are (1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or (2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 10 u2qb Κρήσκης εἰς…Τίτος εἰς 1 Crescens went…and Titus went These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also “love this present world” like Demas.
2TI 4 10 gs61 translate-names Δαλματίαν 1 Dalmatia This is the name of a land region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 4 11 w21u μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν 1 he is useful to me in the work Possible meanings are 1) “he can help me in the ministry” or 2) “he can help me by serving me.”
2TI 4 11 w21u μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν 1 he is useful to me in the work Possible meanings are (1) “he can help me in the ministry” or (2) “he can help me by serving me.”
2TI 4 13 d5rw φελόνην 1 cloak a heavy garment worn over clothes
2TI 4 13 v9b6 translate-names Κάρπῳ 1 Carpus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 4 13 k6tj τὰ βιβλία 1 the books This refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people rolled it up using rods on the ends

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
4 2TI 1 1 dcr3 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word “our” refers to Paul (the writer of this letter) and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
5 2TI 1 1 ha4l Παῦλος 1 Paul Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
6 2TI 1 1 vl2g διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ 1 through the will of God “because of God’s will” or “because God wanted it to be so.” Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle and not because a human being chose him.
7 2TI 1 1 e1lg κατ’ 1 according to Possible meanings are 1) “for the purpose of.” This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God’s promise of life in Jesus or 2) “in keeping with.” This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, by that same will God has made Paul an apostle. Possible meanings are (1) “for the purpose of.” This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God’s promise of life in Jesus or (2) “in keeping with.” This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, by that same will God has made Paul an apostle.
8 2TI 1 1 m9kv figs-metaphor ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 of life that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of “life” as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9 2TI 1 2 rp5u Τιμοθέῳ 1 to Timothy Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
10 2TI 1 2 ey7g figs-metaphor ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ 1 beloved child “dear child” or “child whom I love. Here “child” is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Christ to Timothy, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is like my beloved child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11 2TI 1 2 w43q χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ 1 Grace, mercy, and peace from “May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within you from” or “I pray that you will have grace, mercy, and peace from”
12 2TI 1 2 ub7c guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ 1 God the Father and “God, who is the Father, and.” This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) Paul could be referring to God here as 1) the Father of Christ, or 2) the Father of believers. “God, who is the Father, and.” This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) Paul could be referring to God here as (1) the Father of Christ, or (2) the Father of believers.
13 2TI 1 2 yp2q Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Christ Jesus our Lord “Christ Jesus, who is our Lord”
14 2TI 1 3 tvb7 ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων 1 whom I serve from my forefathers “whom I serve as my ancestors did”
15 2TI 1 3 ha9d figs-metaphor ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 with a clean conscience Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. A person with a “clean conscience” does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. Alternate translation: “knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26 2TI 1 6 j58k δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 This is the reason “For this reason” or “Because of your sincere faith in Jesus”
27 2TI 1 6 h6eq figs-metaphor ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα 1 to rekindle the gift Paul speaks about Timothy’s need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. Alternate translation: “to start using again the gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28 2TI 1 6 i977 τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου 1 the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you.” This refers to a time when Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do.
29 2TI 1 7 h1z3 οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 1 God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline Possible meanings are 1) “spirit” refers to the “Holy Spirit.” Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” or 2) “spirit” refers to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline” Possible meanings are (1) “spirit” refers to the “Holy Spirit.” Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” or (2) “spirit” refers to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
30 2TI 1 7 k6g7 σωφρονισμοῦ 1 discipline Possible meanings are 1) the power to control ourselves or 2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong. Possible meanings are (1) the power to control ourselves or (2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong.
31 2TI 1 8 fk9z τὸ μαρτύριον 1 of the testimony “of testifying” or “of telling others”
32 2TI 1 8 blk9 τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ 1 his prisoner “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner because I testify about the Lord”
33 2TI 1 8 ry82 figs-metaphor συνκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 share in suffering for the gospel Paul speaks of suffering as if it were an object that could be shared or distributed among people. Alternate translation: “suffer with me for the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44 2TI 1 12 j37g δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 For this cause “Because I am an apostle”
45 2TI 1 12 y8l4 καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω 1 I also suffer these things Paul is referring to being a prisoner.
46 2TI 1 12 td39 πέπεισμαι 1 I am persuaded “I am convinced”
47 2TI 1 12 p6pi figs-metaphor τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι 1 to keep that which I have entrusted to him Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or 2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or (2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48 2TI 1 12 qcu3 figs-metonymy ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν 1 that day This refers to the day when God judges all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49 2TI 1 13 h1qd ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας 1 Keep the example of faithful messages that you heard from me “Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you” or “Use how I taught you as a pattern for what and how you should teach”
50 2TI 1 13 b2ld ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus “as you trust in Jesus Christ and love him”
65 2TI 2 1 e6ex figs-metaphor ἐνδυναμοῦ ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks about the motivation and determination that God’s grace allows believers to have. Alternate translation: “let God use the grace he gave you through your relationship to Christ Jesus to make you strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66 2TI 2 2 ig9v διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων 1 among many witnesses “with many witnesses there to agree that what I said is true”
67 2TI 2 2 kv1m figs-metaphor ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 entrust them to faithful people Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. Alternate translation: “commit them” or “teach them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68 2TI 2 3 yc1j συνκακοπάθησον 1 Suffer hardship with me Possible meanings are 1) “Endure suffering as I do” or 2) “Share in my suffering” Possible meanings are (1) “Endure suffering as I do” or (2) “Share in my suffering”
69 2TI 2 3 juu2 figs-simile ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 as a good soldier of Christ Jesus Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
70 2TI 2 4 a4x7 οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις 1 No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life “No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life” or “When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people do.” Christ’s servants should not allow everyday life to keep them from working for Christ.
71 2TI 2 4 p7n5 figs-metaphor ἐμπλέκεται 1 while entangled Paul speaks of this distraction as if it were a net that tripped people up as they were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94 2TI 2 13 ihd4 ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται 1 he cannot deny himself “he must always act according to his character” or “he cannot act in ways that are the opposite of his real character”
95 2TI 2 14 u661 0 General Information: The word “them” may refer to “the teachers” or “the people of the church”
96 2TI 2 14 r5lq figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God Paul speaks of God’s awareness of Paul as if he is in God’s physical presence. This implies that God will be Timothy’s witness. Alternate translation: “in God’s presence” or “with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
97 2TI 2 14 g6p7 μὴ λογομαχεῖν 1 against quarreling about words Possible meanings are 1) “not to argue about foolish things that people say” or 2) “not to quarrel about what words mean” Possible meanings are (1) “not to argue about foolish things that people say” or (2) “not to quarrel about what words mean”
98 2TI 2 14 rke6 ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον 1 it is of no value “this does not benefit anyone”
99 2TI 2 15 m3vy σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον 1 to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed “to present yourself to God as a person who has proven to be worthy and with no cause for shame”
100 2TI 2 15 rj6y figs-metaphor ἐργάτην 1 a worker Paul presents the idea of Timothy correctly explaining God’s word as if he were a skilled workman. Alternate translation: “like a workman” or “like a worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101 2TI 2 15 xgz9 ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας 1 accurately teaches the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “explains the message about the truth correctly” or 2) “explains the true message correctly.” Possible meanings are (1) “explains the message about the truth correctly” or (2) “explains the true message correctly.”
102 2TI 2 16 e27q figs-metaphor ἐπὶ πλεῖον…προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας 1 which leads to more and more godlessness Paul speaks of this kind of talk as if it were something that could physically move to another location, and he speaks of godlessness as if it were that new location. Alternate translation: “which causes people to become more and more ungodly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
103 2TI 2 17 i73t figs-simile ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει 1 Their talk will spread like cancer Cancer quickly spreads in a person’s body and destroys it. This is a metaphor that means what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. Alternate translation: “What they say will spread like an infectious disease” or “Their talk will spread quickly and cause destruction like cancer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
104 2TI 2 17 x2k6 translate-names Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος 1 Hymenaeus and Philetus These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
106 2TI 2 18 pu22 ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι 1 the resurrection has already happened “God has already raised dead believers to eternal life”
107 2TI 2 18 ura5 ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν 1 they destroy the faith of some “they cause some people to stop believing”
108 2TI 2 19 zp5m figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Just as precious and common containers can be used for honorable ways in a wealthy house, any person who turns to God can be used by God in honorable ways in doing good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109 2TI 2 19 ir1z figs-metaphor ὁ…στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν 1 the firm foundation of God stands Possible meanings are 1) “God’s truth is like a firm foundation” or 2) “God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation” or 3) “God’s faithfulness is like a firm foundation.” In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building’s foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “God’s truth is like a firm foundation” or (2) “God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation” or (3) “God’s faithfulness is like a firm foundation.” In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building’s foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110 2TI 2 19 nd7t figs-metonymy ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου 1 who names the name of the Lord “who calls on the name of the Lord.” Here “name of the Lord” refers to the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “who calls on the Lord” or “who says he is a believer in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
111 2TI 2 19 y3bc figs-metaphor ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας 1 depart from unrighteousness Paul speaks of unrighteousness as if it were a place from which one could leave. Alternate translation: “stop being evil” or “stop doing wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112 2TI 2 20 j75l figs-metaphor σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ…ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα 1 containers of gold and silver…containers of wood and clay Here “containers” is a general word for bowls, plates, and pots, which people put food or drink into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for “bowls” or “pots.” Paul is using this as a metaphor to describe different types of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113 2TI 2 20 mt5e τιμὴν…ἀτιμίαν 1 honorable use…dishonorable Possible meanings are 1) “special occasions…ordinary times” or 2) “the kinds of activities people do in public…the kinds of activities people do in private.” Possible meanings are (1) “special occasions…ordinary times” or (2) “the kinds of activities people do in public…the kinds of activities people do in private.”
114 2TI 2 21 jm3p figs-metaphor ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων 1 cleans himself from dishonorable use Possible meanings are 1) “separates himself from dishonorable people” or 2) “makes himself pure.” In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “separates himself from dishonorable people” or (2) “makes himself pure.” In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115 2TI 2 21 g79f figs-metaphor ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν 1 he is an honorable container Paul speaks about this person as if he were an honorable container. Alternate translation: “he is like the container that is useful for special occasions” or “he is like the container that is useful for activities good people do in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
116 2TI 2 21 mh63 figs-activepassive ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον 1 He is set apart, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Master sets him apart, and he is ready for the Master to use him for every good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117 2TI 2 21 nl5d figs-metaphor ἡγιασμένον 1 He is set apart He is not set apart physically or in the sense of location, but instead to fulfill a purpose. Some versions translate this “sanctified,” but the text signals the essential idea of being set apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118 2TI 2 22 h9p6 figs-metaphor τὰς δὲ νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε 1 Flee youthful lusts Paul speaks about youthful lusts as if they are a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. Alternate translation: “Completely avoid youthful lusts” or “Absolutely refuse to do the wrong things that young people strongly desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119 2TI 2 22 srb7 figs-metaphor δίωκε…δικαιοσύνην 1 Pursue righteousness Here “Pursue” means the opposite of “Flee.” Paul speaks of righteousness as if it is an object that Timothy should run towards because it will do him good. Alternate translation: “Try your best to obtain righteousness” or “Seek after righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120 2TI 2 22 hg99 μετὰ τῶν 1 with those Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or 2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers. Possible meanings are (1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or (2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers.
121 2TI 2 22 gl3q figs-idiom τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον 1 those who call on the Lord Here “call on the Lord” is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
122 2TI 2 22 b2ti figs-metaphor ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 out of a clean heart Here “clean” is a metaphor for something pure or sincere. And, “heart” here is a metonym for “thoughts” or “emotions.” Alternate translation: “with a sincere mind” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
123 2TI 2 23 tmf7 figs-metonymy τὰς δὲ μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ 1 refuse foolish and ignorant questions “refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions.” Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. Alternate translation: “refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
131 2TI 2 26 dj4j figs-metaphor ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 after they have been captured by him for his will Convincing Christians to sin is spoken of as if the devil had physically captured them and made them his slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after he has deceived them into obeying his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
132 2TI 3 intro k2cr 0 # 2 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The “last days” could mean in the future just before Jesus returns. If so, Paul is prophesying in verses 1-9 and 13 about those days. The “last days” could also mean the Christian age, including Paul’s time. If so, what Paul teaches about being persecuted applies to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br>
133 2TI 3 1 j97t 0 Connecting Statement: Paul lets Timothy know that in the future people will stop believing the truth, but he should continuing trusting God’s word even when he is persecuted.
134 2TI 3 1 g65r ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 In the last days Possible meanings are 1) this is a time later than Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “in the future just before Jesus returns” or 2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “during this period of time before the end” Possible meanings are (1) this is a time later than Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “in the future just before Jesus returns” or (2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “during this period of time before the end”
135 2TI 3 1 n7gs καιροὶ χαλεποί 1 difficult times These will be days, months, or even years when Christians will endure suffering and danger.
136 2TI 3 2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 lovers of themselves Here “lovers” refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member, a natural human love between friends or relatives. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
137 2TI 3 3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 without natural affection “not loving their own families”
144 2TI 3 5 xm1c figs-metaphor τούτους ἀποτρέπου 1 Turn away from these people “Turn away” here is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “Avoid these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145 2TI 3 6 gu4b ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντες 1 enter into households and captivate “enter into houses and greatly influence”
146 2TI 3 6 u9m5 γυναικάρια 1 foolish women “women who are spiritually weak.” These women may be spiritually be weak because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle and have many sins.
147 2TI 3 6 e9ex figs-metaphor σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις 1 who are heaped up with sins Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are 1) “who sin often” or 2) “who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin.” The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are (1) “who sin often” or (2) “who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin.” The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
148 2TI 3 6 izz9 figs-metaphor ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 1 are led away by various desires Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could lead another person away. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they desire to sin in various ways rather than obey Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149 2TI 3 8 m6a7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives an example of two false teachers from the time of Moses and applies it to the way people will be. Paul encourages Timothy to follow his own example and stay in God’s word.
150 2TI 3 8 b8el translate-names Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς 1 Jannes and Jambres These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
198 2TI 4 6 fb7l figs-euphemism ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν 1 The time of my departure has come Here “departure” is a polite way of referring to death. Alternate translation: “Soon I will die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
199 2TI 4 7 d9ts figs-metaphor τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι 1 I have competed in the good contest Paul speaks of his hard work as if he had been an athlete competing for a prize. Alternate translation: “I have done my best” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
200 2TI 4 7 kq83 figs-metaphor τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα 1 I have finished the race Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. Alternate translation: “I have completed what I needed to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201 2TI 4 7 vk2p figs-metaphor τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα 1 I have kept the faith Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are 1) “I have been faithful in doing my ministry” or 2) “I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are (1) “I have been faithful in doing my ministry” or (2) “I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
202 2TI 4 8 ujg5 figs-activepassive ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
203 2TI 4 8 hg8i figs-metaphor τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 crown of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or 2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or (2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
204 2TI 4 8 dwn6 στέφανος 1 crown a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests
205 2TI 4 8 n3k8 ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on that day “on the day when the Lord comes again” or “on the day when God judges people”
206 2TI 4 8 uh88 figs-pastforfuture ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ 1 but also to all those who have loved his appearing Paul speaks about this event as if it has already happened. It can be stated as a future event. Alternate translation: “but also he will give it to those who are eagerly waiting for him to return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
207 2TI 4 9 s7xl 0 Connecting Statement: Paul talks of specific people and how they behaved, of God’s work for and to him, and then closes with greetings to and from certain people.
208 2TI 4 9 t8b7 ἐλθεῖν…ταχέως 1 come…quickly “come…as soon as possible”
209 2TI 4 10 e4xx translate-names Δημᾶς…Κρήσκης…Τίτος 1 Demas…Crescens…Titus These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
210 2TI 4 10 ji2l figs-metonymy τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα 1 this present world Here “world” refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here “world” refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are (1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or (2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
211 2TI 4 10 u2qb Κρήσκης εἰς…Τίτος εἰς 1 Crescens went…and Titus went These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also “love this present world” like Demas.
212 2TI 4 10 gs61 translate-names Δαλματίαν 1 Dalmatia This is the name of a land region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
213 2TI 4 11 w21u μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν 1 he is useful to me in the work Possible meanings are 1) “he can help me in the ministry” or 2) “he can help me by serving me.” Possible meanings are (1) “he can help me in the ministry” or (2) “he can help me by serving me.”
214 2TI 4 13 d5rw φελόνην 1 cloak a heavy garment worn over clothes
215 2TI 4 13 v9b6 translate-names Κάρπῳ 1 Carpus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
216 2TI 4 13 k6tj τὰ βιβλία 1 the books This refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people rolled it up using rods on the ends

4
en_tn_57-TIT.tsv
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ TIT 1 6 wja4 0 Connecting Statement: Having told Titus to ordain elders in eve
TIT 1 6 jen8 εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος 1 if anyone is blameless This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Titus is to choose men who fit the following description. Alternate translation: “Choose people who are blameless” or “An elder must be blameless” o be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “An elder must be without blame” or “An elder must not have a bad reputatio
TIT 1 6 ab70 figs-doublenegatives ἀνέγκλητος 1 blameless To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “without blame” This can also be stated positively: “a person who has a good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/doublenegatives]])
TIT 1 6 q6uy figs-explicit μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ 1 the husband of one wife This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
TIT 1 6 wd6q τέκνα…πιστά 1 faithful children Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy.
TIT 1 6 wd6q τέκνα…πιστά 1 faithful children Possible meanings are (1) children who believe in Jesus or (2) children who are trustworthy.
TIT 1 7 lz7x τὸν ἐπίσκοπον 1 the overseer This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church.
TIT 1 7 g2zf figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον 1 The household manager of God Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT 1 7 d6l1 μὴ πάροινον 1 not addicted to wine **_not an alcoholic_** or **_not one who drinks much wine_**
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ TIT 3 14 xy32 figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι 1 in
TIT 3 15 j3y2 0 General Information: Paul ends his letter to Titus.
TIT 3 15 abci ἀσπάζονταί σε 1 greet you Here **you** is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus.
TIT 3 15 k1sa οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες 1 All those who are with me **_All the people who are with me_** or **_all of the believers who are here with me_**
TIT 3 15 f4vc τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει 1 those who love us in faith Possible meanings are 1) **_the believers who love us_** or 2) **_the believers who love us because we share the same belief_**.
TIT 3 15 f4vc τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει 1 those who love us in faith Possible meanings are (1) **_the believers who love us_** or (2) **_the believers who love us because we share the same belief_**.
TIT 3 15 xy35 figs-inclusive ἡμᾶς 1 us Here **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete.
TIT 3 15 kx83 ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 Grace be with all of you This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
TIT 3 15 xy34 ὑμῶν 1 you Here **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
26 TIT 1 6 jen8 εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος 1 if anyone is blameless This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Titus is to choose men who fit the following description. Alternate translation: “Choose people who are blameless” or “An elder must be blameless” o be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “An elder must be without blame” or “An elder must not have a bad reputatio
27 TIT 1 6 ab70 figs-doublenegatives ἀνέγκλητος 1 blameless To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “without blame” This can also be stated positively: “a person who has a good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/doublenegatives]])
28 TIT 1 6 q6uy figs-explicit μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ 1 the husband of one wife This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29 TIT 1 6 wd6q τέκνα…πιστά 1 faithful children Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy. Possible meanings are (1) children who believe in Jesus or (2) children who are trustworthy.
30 TIT 1 7 lz7x τὸν ἐπίσκοπον 1 the overseer This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church.
31 TIT 1 7 g2zf figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον 1 The household manager of God Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32 TIT 1 7 d6l1 μὴ πάροινον 1 not addicted to wine **_not an alcoholic_** or **_not one who drinks much wine_**
191 TIT 3 15 j3y2 0 General Information: Paul ends his letter to Titus.
192 TIT 3 15 abci ἀσπάζονταί σε 1 greet you Here **you** is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus.
193 TIT 3 15 k1sa οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες 1 All those who are with me **_All the people who are with me_** or **_all of the believers who are here with me_**
194 TIT 3 15 f4vc τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει 1 those who love us in faith Possible meanings are 1) **_the believers who love us_** or 2) **_the believers who love us because we share the same belief_**. Possible meanings are (1) **_the believers who love us_** or (2) **_the believers who love us because we share the same belief_**.
195 TIT 3 15 xy35 figs-inclusive ἡμᾶς 1 us Here **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete.
196 TIT 3 15 kx83 ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 Grace be with all of you This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
197 TIT 3 15 xy34 ὑμῶν 1 you Here **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.

4
en_tn_58-PHM.tsv
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@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ PHM 1 6 n25e εἰς Χριστόν 1 in Christ “because of Christ”
PHM 1 7 aq4g figs-metonymy τὰ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἁγίων ἀναπέπαυται διὰ σοῦ 1 the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s emotions or inner being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have encouraged believers” or “you have helped the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHM 1 7 m5ip σοῦ, ἀδελφέ 1 you, brother “you, dear brother” or “you, dear friend.” Paul called Philemon “brother” because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship.
PHM 1 8 ayy1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins his plea and the reason for his letter.
PHM 1 8 fd84 πολλὴν ἐν Χριστῷ παρρησίαν 1 all the boldness in Christ Possible meanings are 1) “authority because of Christ” or 2) “courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “courage because Christ has given me authority”
PHM 1 9 l9fh διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην 1 yet because of love Possible meanings: 1) “because I know that you love God’s people” 2) “because you love me” or 3) “because I love you”
PHM 1 8 fd84 πολλὴν ἐν Χριστῷ παρρησίαν 1 all the boldness in Christ Possible meanings are (1) “authority because of Christ” or (2) “courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “courage because Christ has given me authority”
PHM 1 9 l9fh διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην 1 yet because of love Possible meanings: (1) “because I know that you love God’s people” (2) “because you love me” or (3) “because I love you”
PHM 1 10 lsr6 0 General Information: Onesimus is the name of a man. He was apparently Philemon’s slave and had stolen something and ran away.
PHM 1 10 m6fw figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐμοῦ τέκνου…Ὀνήσιμον 1 my child Onesimus “my son Onesimus.” Paul speaks of the way he is friends with Onesimus as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul’s actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son Onesimus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHM 1 10 dj9h translate-names Ὀνήσιμον 1 Onesimus The name “Onesimus” means “profitable” or “useful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
20 PHM 1 7 aq4g figs-metonymy τὰ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἁγίων ἀναπέπαυται διὰ σοῦ 1 the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s emotions or inner being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have encouraged believers” or “you have helped the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21 PHM 1 7 m5ip σοῦ, ἀδελφέ 1 you, brother “you, dear brother” or “you, dear friend.” Paul called Philemon “brother” because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship.
22 PHM 1 8 ayy1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins his plea and the reason for his letter.
23 PHM 1 8 fd84 πολλὴν ἐν Χριστῷ παρρησίαν 1 all the boldness in Christ Possible meanings are 1) “authority because of Christ” or 2) “courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “courage because Christ has given me authority” Possible meanings are (1) “authority because of Christ” or (2) “courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “courage because Christ has given me authority”
24 PHM 1 9 l9fh διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην 1 yet because of love Possible meanings: 1) “because I know that you love God’s people” 2) “because you love me” or 3) “because I love you” Possible meanings: (1) “because I know that you love God’s people” (2) “because you love me” or (3) “because I love you”
25 PHM 1 10 lsr6 0 General Information: Onesimus is the name of a man. He was apparently Philemon’s slave and had stolen something and ran away.
26 PHM 1 10 m6fw figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐμοῦ τέκνου…Ὀνήσιμον 1 my child Onesimus “my son Onesimus.” Paul speaks of the way he is friends with Onesimus as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul’s actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son Onesimus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27 PHM 1 10 dj9h translate-names Ὀνήσιμον 1 Onesimus The name “Onesimus” means “profitable” or “useful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

26
en_tn_59-HEB.tsv
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ HEB 1 5 t48e figs-parallelism Υἱός μου εἶ σύ…ἐγὼ…γεγέ
HEB 1 6 b6dy 0 General Information: The first quotation in this section, “All God’s angels…him,” comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, “He is the one who makes…fire,” is from the Psalms.
HEB 1 6 b4s2 figs-metaphor τὸν πρωτότοκον 1 the firstborn This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the “firstborn” to emphasize the Son’s importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 6 n7ph λέγει 1 he says “God says”
HEB 1 7 isd8 figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire Possible meanings are 1) “God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire” or 2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 7 isd8 figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire Possible meanings are (1) “God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire” or (2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 8 vl1n 0 General Information: This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.
HEB 1 8 p1xx πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν 1 But to the Son he says “But God says this to the Son”
HEB 1 8 b155 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱόν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ HEB 1 14 v541 figs-metaphor διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονο
HEB 2 intro s2gd 0 # Hebrews 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.<br>
HEB 2 1 x7px 0 Connecting Statement: This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
HEB 2 1 c72f figs-inclusive δεῖ…ἡμᾶς 1 we must Here “we” refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
HEB 2 1 ayd1 figs-metaphor μήποτε παραρυῶμεν 1 so that we do not drift away from it Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” or 2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 1 ayd1 figs-metaphor μήποτε παραρυῶμεν 1 so that we do not drift away from it Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” or (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 2 j4fa figs-explicit εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος 1 For if the message that was spoken through the angels The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 2 k5kb εἰ γὰρ ὁ…λόγος 1 For if the message The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
HEB 2 2 u52i figs-metonymy πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν 1 every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment Here “trespass” and “disobedience” stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ HEB 2 9 i4fc παρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον…δόξῃ κ
HEB 2 9 bil4 figs-metaphor γεύσηται θανάτου 1 he might taste death The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 r899 figs-metaphor πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα 1 bring many sons to glory The gift of glory is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. Alternate translation: “save many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 l95y figs-gendernotations πολλοὺς υἱοὺς 1 many sons Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 10 sw9t figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν 1 the leader of their salvation Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” or 2) the word translated here as “leader” can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 sw9t figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν 1 the leader of their salvation Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” or (2) the word translated here as “leader” can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 l321 figs-metaphor τελειῶσαι 1 complete Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 11 jy9p 0 General Information: This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.
HEB 2 11 ky9v ὅ…ἁγιάζων 1 the one who sanctifies “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ HEB 5 6 k5uw ἐν ἑτέρῳ 1 in another place “in another place in the s
HEB 5 6 ede5 κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ 1 after the manner of Melchizedek This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
HEB 5 7 mv2c figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ 1 During the days of his flesh Here “the days” stands for a period of time. And, “flesh” stand for Jesus’s earthly life. Alternate translation: “While he lived on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 5 7 iel9 figs-doublet δεήσεις…καὶ ἱκετηρίας 1 prayers and requests Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HEB 5 7 p6zm τὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου 1 the one able to save him from death Possible meanings are 1) God was able to save Christ so that he would not die. Alternate translation: ‘to save him from dying” or 2) God was able to save Christ after Christ’s death by making him alive again. If possible, translate this in a way that allows both interpretations.
HEB 5 7 p6zm τὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου 1 the one able to save him from death Possible meanings are (1) God was able to save Christ so that he would not die. Alternate translation: ‘to save him from dying” or (2) God was able to save Christ after Christ’s death by making him alive again. If possible, translate this in a way that allows both interpretations.
HEB 5 7 e75a figs-activepassive εἰσακουσθεὶς 1 he was heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 5 8 mk8z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples υἱός 1 a son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
HEB 5 9 z2bv 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God’s word so they can understand right from wrong.
@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ HEB 9 5 f1je figs-pronouns περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν 1 which we cannot
HEB 9 6 mra7 figs-activepassive τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων 1 After these things were prepared This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the priests prepared these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 9 7 xs9l figs-doublenegatives οὐ χωρὶς αἵματος 1 not without blood This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he always brought blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 9 7 xtk5 αἵματος 1 blood This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.
HEB 9 8 a26f τῶν ἁγίων 1 the most holy place Possible meanings are 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or 2) God’s presence in heaven.
HEB 9 8 e14c figs-metonymy ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν 1 the first tabernacle was still standing Possible meanings are 1) “the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing” or 2) “the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 9 8 a26f τῶν ἁγίων 1 the most holy place Possible meanings are (1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or (2) God’s presence in heaven.
HEB 9 8 e14c figs-metonymy ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν 1 the first tabernacle was still standing Possible meanings are (1) “the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing” or (2) “the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 9 9 cu76 ἥτις παραβολὴ 1 This was an illustration “This was a picture” or “This was a symbol”
HEB 9 9 fl6i εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα 1 for the present time “for now”
HEB 9 9 g16u figs-activepassive προσφέρονται 1 that are now being offered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests now offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ HEB 9 14 zbj1 figs-metaphor νεκρῶν ἔργων 1 dead works Sinful deeds
HEB 9 15 x3xr διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason “As a result” or “Because of this”
HEB 9 15 p2kg διαθήκης καινῆς μεσίτης ἐστίν 1 he is the mediator of a new covenant This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist.
HEB 9 15 q3x3 τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ 1 first covenant See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
HEB 9 15 z29a figs-metonymy εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων 1 to free those under the first covenant from their sins “to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” Possible meanings are 1) here “their sins” is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” or 2) here “their sins” is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 9 15 z29a figs-metonymy εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων 1 to free those under the first covenant from their sins “to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” Possible meanings are (1) here “their sins” is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” or (2) here “their sins” is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 9 15 ve3v figs-activepassive οἱ κεκλημένοι 1 those who are called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has chosen to be his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 9 15 xb9f figs-metaphor κληρονομίας 1 inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 9 16 rng2 διαθήκη 1 a will a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies
@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ HEB 10 19 ih5u 0 Connecting Statement: Having made it clear that there is only
HEB 10 19 f6g3 figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means all believers in Christ whether male or female. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 10 19 fii7 figs-metaphor τῶν ἁγίων 1 the most holy place This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 10 19 zl87 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι Ἰησοῦ 1 by the blood of Jesus Here “blood of Jesus” refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 10 20 l7wh ὁδὸν…ζῶσαν 1 living way Possible meanings are 1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or 2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.
HEB 10 20 l7wh ὁδὸν…ζῶσαν 1 living way Possible meanings are (1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or (2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.
HEB 10 20 c3ve figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος 1 through the curtain The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God’s true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 10 20 ega9 figs-metonymy τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ 1 his flesh Here “flesh” stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate translation: “by means of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 10 21 uh6i καὶ ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 we have a great priest over the house of God This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this “great priest.”
@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ HEB 11 4 g52j figs-metaphor ἔτι λαλεῖ 1 Abel still speaks Reading the
HEB 11 5 r3yl figs-activepassive πίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον 1 It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 11 5 ki2t figs-metaphor ἰδεῖν θάνατον 1 see death This speaks of death as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 11 5 kb5l figs-activepassive πρὸ…τῆς μεταθέσεως 1 before he was taken up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 11 5 jbx2 figs-activepassive μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ 1 it was testified that he had pleased God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God said that Enoch had pleased him” or 2) “people said that Enoch pleased God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 11 5 jbx2 figs-activepassive μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ 1 it was testified that he had pleased God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God said that Enoch had pleased him” or (2) “people said that Enoch pleased God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 11 6 hd94 χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως 1 Now without faith Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
HEB 11 6 r9nb figs-doublenegatives χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι 1 without faith it is impossible to please him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 11 6 b438 figs-metaphor τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ 1 that anyone coming to God Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming to God. Alternate translation: “that anyone who wants to belong to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ HEB 11 10 fd98 ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεό
HEB 11 10 ufe6 τεχνίτης 1 architect a person who designs buildings and cities
HEB 11 11 ks44 0 General Information: Many versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah, and others interpret it as referring to Abraham.
HEB 11 11 mk6i πίστει καὶ αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας, ἐπεὶ…ἡγήσατο 1 It was by faith, even though Sarah herself was barren, that Abraham received ability to father a child. This happened even though he was too old, since he considered Some versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah. “By faith Sarah, herself also barren, received power to bear children even beyond the time of maturity, since she considered”
HEB 11 11 mtf2 figs-abstractnouns πίστει 1 It was by faith The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” Possible meanings are 1) it was by Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” or 2) it was by Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 11 11 mtf2 figs-abstractnouns πίστει 1 It was by faith The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” Possible meanings are (1) it was by Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” or (2) it was by Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 11 11 dgu6 δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν 1 received ability to father a child “received ability to become a father” or “received ability to have a child”
HEB 11 11 wgp6 ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον 1 since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise “because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful”
HEB 11 12 x8b2 figs-simile ἐγεννήθησαν…καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος 1 descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ HEB 11 34 sy63 ἐγενήθησαν ἰσχυροὶ ἐν πολέμῳ…ἔ
HEB 11 35 t9sp figs-abstractnouns ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν 1 Women received back their dead by resurrection This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “resurrection.” The word “dead” is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received back alive those who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
HEB 11 35 ne1u figs-activepassive ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν 1 Others were tortured, not accepting release It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Others accepted torture rather than release from prison” or “Others allowed their enemies to torture them rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 11 35 faq3 ἐτυμπανίσθησαν 1 tortured made to suffer great mental or physical pain
HEB 11 35 jyw7 κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως 1 a better resurrection Possible meanings are 1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or 2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
HEB 11 35 jyw7 κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως 1 a better resurrection Possible meanings are (1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or (2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
HEB 11 36 e9al figs-activepassive ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον 1 Others had testing in mocking and whippings These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 11 36 nx7u figs-abstractnouns ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς 1 Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 11 37 fg8c figs-activepassive ἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν, ἐπειράσθησαν, ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀπέθανον 1 They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others…People threw stones at others. People sawed others in two. People killed others with the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ HEB 12 25 pnn5 figs-you 0 General Information: This quotation is from the proph
HEB 12 25 c9cn 0 Connecting Statement: Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
HEB 12 25 nnk9 figs-doublenegatives μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα 1 you do not refuse the one who is speaking This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 12 25 gkn1 figs-explicit εἰ…ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον 1 if they did not escape The implicit information can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth Possible meanings are 1) “Moses, who warned them here on earth” or 2) “God, who warned them at Mount Sinai”
HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth Possible meanings are (1) “Moses, who warned them here on earth” or (2) “God, who warned them at Mount Sinai”
HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and walking away from him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 26 rf4e οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν 1 his voice shook the earth “when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
HEB 12 26 i1c8 ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω 1 shook…shake Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
@ -821,5 +821,5 @@ HEB 13 22 b27j figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers This refers to al
HEB 13 22 d5e6 ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 bear with the word of encouragement “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
HEB 13 22 l8b3 figs-metonymy τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 the word of encouragement Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 23 w3m2 figs-activepassive ἀπολελυμένον 1 has been set free This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 24 r7kn ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Those from Italy greet you Possible meanings are 1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or 2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.
HEB 13 24 r7kn ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Those from Italy greet you Possible meanings are (1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or (2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.
HEB 13 24 kk9c translate-names τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Italy This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
23 HEB 1 6 b6dy 0 General Information: The first quotation in this section, “All God’s angels…him,” comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, “He is the one who makes…fire,” is from the Psalms.
24 HEB 1 6 b4s2 figs-metaphor τὸν πρωτότοκον 1 the firstborn This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the “firstborn” to emphasize the Son’s importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25 HEB 1 6 n7ph λέγει 1 he says “God says”
26 HEB 1 7 isd8 figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire Possible meanings are 1) “God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire” or 2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire” or (2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27 HEB 1 8 vl1n 0 General Information: This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.
28 HEB 1 8 p1xx πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν 1 But to the Son he says “But God says this to the Son”
29 HEB 1 8 b155 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱόν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
50 HEB 2 intro s2gd 0 # Hebrews 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.<br>
51 HEB 2 1 x7px 0 Connecting Statement: This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
52 HEB 2 1 c72f figs-inclusive δεῖ…ἡμᾶς 1 we must Here “we” refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
53 HEB 2 1 ayd1 figs-metaphor μήποτε παραρυῶμεν 1 so that we do not drift away from it Possible meanings for this metaphor are 1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” or 2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” or (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54 HEB 2 2 j4fa figs-explicit εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος 1 For if the message that was spoken through the angels The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
55 HEB 2 2 k5kb εἰ γὰρ ὁ…λόγος 1 For if the message The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
56 HEB 2 2 u52i figs-metonymy πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν 1 every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment Here “trespass” and “disobedience” stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
80 HEB 2 9 bil4 figs-metaphor γεύσηται θανάτου 1 he might taste death The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81 HEB 2 10 r899 figs-metaphor πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα 1 bring many sons to glory The gift of glory is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. Alternate translation: “save many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82 HEB 2 10 l95y figs-gendernotations πολλοὺς υἱοὺς 1 many sons Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
83 HEB 2 10 sw9t figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν 1 the leader of their salvation Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” or 2) the word translated here as “leader” can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” or (2) the word translated here as “leader” can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84 HEB 2 10 l321 figs-metaphor τελειῶσαι 1 complete Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85 HEB 2 11 jy9p 0 General Information: This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.
86 HEB 2 11 ky9v ὅ…ἁγιάζων 1 the one who sanctifies “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
229 HEB 5 6 ede5 κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ 1 after the manner of Melchizedek This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
230 HEB 5 7 mv2c figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ 1 During the days of his flesh Here “the days” stands for a period of time. And, “flesh” stand for Jesus’s earthly life. Alternate translation: “While he lived on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
231 HEB 5 7 iel9 figs-doublet δεήσεις…καὶ ἱκετηρίας 1 prayers and requests Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
232 HEB 5 7 p6zm τὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου 1 the one able to save him from death Possible meanings are 1) God was able to save Christ so that he would not die. Alternate translation: ‘to save him from dying” or 2) God was able to save Christ after Christ’s death by making him alive again. If possible, translate this in a way that allows both interpretations. Possible meanings are (1) God was able to save Christ so that he would not die. Alternate translation: ‘to save him from dying” or (2) God was able to save Christ after Christ’s death by making him alive again. If possible, translate this in a way that allows both interpretations.
233 HEB 5 7 e75a figs-activepassive εἰσακουσθεὶς 1 he was heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
234 HEB 5 8 mk8z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples υἱός 1 a son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
235 HEB 5 9 z2bv 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God’s word so they can understand right from wrong.
411 HEB 9 6 mra7 figs-activepassive τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων 1 After these things were prepared This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the priests prepared these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
412 HEB 9 7 xs9l figs-doublenegatives οὐ χωρὶς αἵματος 1 not without blood This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he always brought blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
413 HEB 9 7 xtk5 αἵματος 1 blood This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.
414 HEB 9 8 a26f τῶν ἁγίων 1 the most holy place Possible meanings are 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or 2) God’s presence in heaven. Possible meanings are (1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or (2) God’s presence in heaven.
415 HEB 9 8 e14c figs-metonymy ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν 1 the first tabernacle was still standing Possible meanings are 1) “the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing” or 2) “the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) “the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing” or (2) “the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416 HEB 9 9 cu76 ἥτις παραβολὴ 1 This was an illustration “This was a picture” or “This was a symbol”
417 HEB 9 9 fl6i εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα 1 for the present time “for now”
418 HEB 9 9 g16u figs-activepassive προσφέρονται 1 that are now being offered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests now offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
437 HEB 9 15 x3xr διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason “As a result” or “Because of this”
438 HEB 9 15 p2kg διαθήκης καινῆς μεσίτης ἐστίν 1 he is the mediator of a new covenant This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist.
439 HEB 9 15 q3x3 τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ 1 first covenant See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
440 HEB 9 15 z29a figs-metonymy εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων 1 to free those under the first covenant from their sins “to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” Possible meanings are 1) here “their sins” is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” or 2) here “their sins” is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) “to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” Possible meanings are (1) here “their sins” is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” or (2) here “their sins” is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441 HEB 9 15 ve3v figs-activepassive οἱ κεκλημένοι 1 those who are called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has chosen to be his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
442 HEB 9 15 xb9f figs-metaphor κληρονομίας 1 inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443 HEB 9 16 rng2 διαθήκη 1 a will a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies
512 HEB 10 19 f6g3 figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means all believers in Christ whether male or female. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
513 HEB 10 19 fii7 figs-metaphor τῶν ἁγίων 1 the most holy place This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514 HEB 10 19 zl87 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι Ἰησοῦ 1 by the blood of Jesus Here “blood of Jesus” refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
515 HEB 10 20 l7wh ὁδὸν…ζῶσαν 1 living way Possible meanings are 1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or 2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God. Possible meanings are (1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or (2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.
516 HEB 10 20 c3ve figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος 1 through the curtain The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God’s true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517 HEB 10 20 ega9 figs-metonymy τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ 1 his flesh Here “flesh” stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate translation: “by means of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
518 HEB 10 21 uh6i καὶ ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 we have a great priest over the house of God This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this “great priest.”
583 HEB 11 5 r3yl figs-activepassive πίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον 1 It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
584 HEB 11 5 ki2t figs-metaphor ἰδεῖν θάνατον 1 see death This speaks of death as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
585 HEB 11 5 kb5l figs-activepassive πρὸ…τῆς μεταθέσεως 1 before he was taken up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
586 HEB 11 5 jbx2 figs-activepassive μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ 1 it was testified that he had pleased God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God said that Enoch had pleased him” or 2) “people said that Enoch pleased God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God said that Enoch had pleased him” or (2) “people said that Enoch pleased God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
587 HEB 11 6 hd94 χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως 1 Now without faith Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
588 HEB 11 6 r9nb figs-doublenegatives χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι 1 without faith it is impossible to please him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
589 HEB 11 6 b438 figs-metaphor τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ 1 that anyone coming to God Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming to God. Alternate translation: “that anyone who wants to belong to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
605 HEB 11 10 ufe6 τεχνίτης 1 architect a person who designs buildings and cities
606 HEB 11 11 ks44 0 General Information: Many versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah, and others interpret it as referring to Abraham.
607 HEB 11 11 mk6i πίστει καὶ αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας, ἐπεὶ…ἡγήσατο 1 It was by faith, even though Sarah herself was barren, that Abraham received ability to father a child. This happened even though he was too old, since he considered Some versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah. “By faith Sarah, herself also barren, received power to bear children even beyond the time of maturity, since she considered”
608 HEB 11 11 mtf2 figs-abstractnouns πίστει 1 It was by faith The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” Possible meanings are 1) it was by Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” or 2) it was by Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” Possible meanings are (1) it was by Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” or (2) it was by Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
609 HEB 11 11 dgu6 δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν 1 received ability to father a child “received ability to become a father” or “received ability to have a child”
610 HEB 11 11 wgp6 ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον 1 since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise “because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful”
611 HEB 11 12 x8b2 figs-simile ἐγεννήθησαν…καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος 1 descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
661 HEB 11 35 t9sp figs-abstractnouns ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν 1 Women received back their dead by resurrection This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “resurrection.” The word “dead” is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received back alive those who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
662 HEB 11 35 ne1u figs-activepassive ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν 1 Others were tortured, not accepting release It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Others accepted torture rather than release from prison” or “Others allowed their enemies to torture them rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
663 HEB 11 35 faq3 ἐτυμπανίσθησαν 1 tortured made to suffer great mental or physical pain
664 HEB 11 35 jyw7 κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως 1 a better resurrection Possible meanings are 1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or 2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God. Possible meanings are (1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or (2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
665 HEB 11 36 e9al figs-activepassive ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον 1 Others had testing in mocking and whippings These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
666 HEB 11 36 nx7u figs-abstractnouns ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς 1 Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
667 HEB 11 37 fg8c figs-activepassive ἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν, ἐπειράσθησαν, ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀπέθανον 1 They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others…People threw stones at others. People sawed others in two. People killed others with the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
747 HEB 12 25 c9cn 0 Connecting Statement: Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
748 HEB 12 25 nnk9 figs-doublenegatives μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα 1 you do not refuse the one who is speaking This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
749 HEB 12 25 gkn1 figs-explicit εἰ…ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον 1 if they did not escape The implicit information can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
750 HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth Possible meanings are 1) “Moses, who warned them here on earth” or 2) “God, who warned them at Mount Sinai” Possible meanings are (1) “Moses, who warned them here on earth” or (2) “God, who warned them at Mount Sinai”
751 HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and walking away from him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
752 HEB 12 26 rf4e οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν 1 his voice shook the earth “when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
753 HEB 12 26 i1c8 ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω 1 shook…shake Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
821 HEB 13 22 d5e6 ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 bear with the word of encouragement “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
822 HEB 13 22 l8b3 figs-metonymy τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 the word of encouragement Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
823 HEB 13 23 w3m2 figs-activepassive ἀπολελυμένον 1 has been set free This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
824 HEB 13 24 r7kn ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Those from Italy greet you Possible meanings are 1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or 2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter. Possible meanings are (1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or (2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.
825 HEB 13 24 kk9c translate-names τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Italy This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ JAS front intro exs3 0 # Introduction to James<br>## Part 1: General Introduc
JAS 1 intro pz2q 0 # James 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>James formally introduces this letter in verse 1. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Testing and temptation<br><br>These two words occur together in ([James 1:12-13](./12.md)). Both words speak of a person who is able to choose between doing something good and doing something evil. The difference between them is important. God is testing the person and wants him to do what is good. Satan is tempting the person and wants him to do what is evil.<br><br>### Crowns<br><br>The crown that a man who passes the test receives is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>James uses many metaphors in this chapter, and you will need to understand the material on the metaphor page before you can translate them well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “To the twelve tribes in the dispersion”<br><br>It is not clear to whom James wrote this letter. He calls himself a servant of the Lord Jesus Christ, so he was probably writing to Christians. But he calls his readers “the twelve tribes in the dispersion,” words which usually refer to Jews. It is possible that he is using the words as a metaphor for “all people whom God has chosen” or that he wrote the letter at a time when most Christians had grown up as Jews.<br>
JAS 1 1 ssc8 0 General Information: The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places.
JAS 1 1 pkt2 figs-explicit Ἰάκωβος, Θεοῦ καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δοῦλος 1 James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ The phrase “this letter is from” is implied. Alternate translation: “This letter is from James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JAS 1 1 l4i7 figs-synecdoche ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς 1 to the twelve tribes Possible meanings are 1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or 2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. Alternate translation: “to God’s faithful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 1 1 l4i7 figs-synecdoche ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς 1 to the twelve tribes Possible meanings are (1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or (2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. Alternate translation: “to God’s faithful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 1 1 vza9 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ διασπορᾷ 1 in the dispersion The term “dispersion” normally referred to the Jews who were scattered in other countries, away from their homeland Israel. This abstract noun can be expressed with a phrase with the verb “scattered.” Alternate translation: “who are scattered around the world” or “who live in other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JAS 1 1 huk9 χαίρειν 1 Greetings! a basic greeting, such as “Hello!” or “Good day!”
JAS 1 2 knw6 πᾶσαν χαρὰν ἡγήσασθε, ἀδελφοί μου, ὅταν πειρασμοῖς περιπέσητε ποικίλοις 1 Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles “My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate”
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ JAS 1 8 k89p figs-metaphor ἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς
JAS 1 9 gc9b ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὁ ταπεινὸς 1 the poor brother “the believer who does not have much money”
JAS 1 9 yxs5 figs-metaphor καυχάσθω…ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ 1 boast of his high position Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 1 10 uzk7 figs-ellipsis ὁ δὲ πλούσιος, ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ 1 but the rich man of his low position The words “let boast” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but let the rich man boast of his low position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JAS 1 10 w4ta ὁ δὲ πλούσιος 1 but the rich man “but the man who has a lot of money.” Possible meanings are 1) the rich man is a believer or 2) the rich man is an unbeliever.
JAS 1 10 w4ta ὁ δὲ πλούσιος 1 but the rich man “but the man who has a lot of money.” Possible meanings are (1) the rich man is a believer or (2) the rich man is an unbeliever.
JAS 1 10 ulk4 figs-ellipsis ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ 1 of his low position A rich believer should be happy if God causes him to suffer. Alternate translation: “should be happy that God has given him difficulties” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JAS 1 10 nug7 figs-simile ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται 1 he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JAS 1 11 gv7v figs-metaphor ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο 1 its beauty perishes A flower no longer being beautiful is spoken of as if its beauty dies. Alternate translation: “and it is no longer beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ JAS 1 17 t2nn figs-doublet πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ, καὶ πᾶν δ
JAS 1 17 n7d8 figs-metaphor τοῦ Πατρὸς τῶν φώτων 1 the Father of lights God, the creator of all the lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars), is said to be their “Father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 1 17 g5ge figs-simile παρ’ ᾧ οὐκ ἔνι παραλλαγὴ ἢ τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα. 1 With him there is no changing or shadow because of turning This expression pictures God as an unchanging light, like the sun, moon, planets, and stars in the sky. This is in contrast to shadows here on earth that constantly change. Alternate translation: “God does not change. He is as constant as the sun, moon, and stars in the sky, rather than like shadows which appear and disappear on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JAS 1 18 mj29 figs-metaphor ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς 1 give us birth God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 1 18 ykq9 λόγῳ ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth” or 2) “the true message.”
JAS 1 18 ykq9 λόγῳ ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Possible meanings are (1) “the message about the truth” or (2) “the true message.”
JAS 1 18 qh2e figs-simile εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἀπαρχήν τινα 1 so that we would be a kind of firstfruits James is using the traditional Hebrew idea of firstfruits as a way to describe the value of the Christian believers to God. He implies that there will be many more believers in the future. Alternate translation: “so that we would be like an offering of firstfruits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JAS 1 19 dt7i ἴστε 1 You know this Possible meanings are 1) “Know this” as a command, to pay attention to what I am about to write or 2) “You know this” as a statement, that I am about to remind you of something that you already know.
JAS 1 19 dt7i ἴστε 1 You know this Possible meanings are (1) “Know this” as a command, to pay attention to what I am about to write or (2) “You know this” as a statement, that I am about to remind you of something that you already know.
JAS 1 19 p728 figs-idiom ἔστω…πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ταχὺς εἰς τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, βραδὺς εἰς τὸ λαλῆσαι 1 Let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak These sayings are idioms that mean people should first listen intently, and then consider carefully what they say. Here “slow to speak” does not mean speaking slowly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JAS 1 19 ev3v βραδὺς εἰς ὀργήν 1 slow to anger “not get angry quickly”
JAS 1 20 ej4p ὀργὴ…ἀνδρὸς, δικαιοσύνην Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται. 1 the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God When a person is always angry, he cannot do God’s work, which is righteous.
@ -224,10 +224,10 @@ JAS 4 1 k21j 0 Connecting Statement: James rebukes these believers for their w
JAS 4 1 ub82 figs-doublet πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν? 1 Where do quarrels and disputes among you come from? The abstract nouns “quarrels” and “disputes” mean basically the same thing and can be translated with verbs. Alternate translation: “Why do you quarrel and dispute among yourselves?” or “Why do you fight among yourselves?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JAS 4 1 pqx2 figs-rquestion οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν? 1 Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? James uses this question to rebuke his audience. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “They come from your evil desires for things, desires that fight among your members.” or “They come from your desires for evil things, desires that fight among your members.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JAS 4 1 vpe2 figs-personification οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν? 1 Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? James speaks of desires as they were enemies who waged war against the believers. In reality, of course, it is the people who have these desires who fight among themselves. Alternate translation: “They come from your desires for evil things, by which you end up harming each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JAS 4 1 v5kg ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν 1 among your members Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer.
JAS 4 1 v5kg ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν 1 among your members Possible meanings are (1) there is fighting among the local believers, or (2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer.
JAS 4 2 khh9 figs-hyperbole φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε, καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν 1 You kill and covet, and you are not able to obtain The phrase “You kill” expresses how badly the people behave in order to get what they want. It can be translated as “You do all kinds of evil things to get what you cannot have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JAS 4 2 v9m8 figs-doublet μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε 1 You fight and quarrel The words “fight” and “quarrel” mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize how much the people argue among themselves. Alternate translation: “You constantly fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JAS 4 3 nk57 κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε 1 you ask badly Possible meanings are 1) “you ask with wrong motives” or “you ask with bad attitudes” or 2) “you are asking for wrong things” or “you are asking for bad things”
JAS 4 3 nk57 κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε 1 you ask badly Possible meanings are (1) “you ask with wrong motives” or “you ask with bad attitudes” or (2) “you are asking for wrong things” or “you are asking for bad things”
JAS 4 4 efi8 figs-metaphor μοιχαλίδες! 1 You adulteresses! James speaks of believers as being like wives who sleep with men other than their husbands. Alternate translation: “You are not being faithful to God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 4 4 wu5v figs-rquestion οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου, ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν? 1 Do you not know…God? James uses this question to teach his audience. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know…God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JAS 4 4 b5ly figs-metonymy ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου 1 friendship with the world This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world’s value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ JAS 4 15 e1il ζήσομεν καὶ ποιήσομεν, τοῦτο ἢ ἐκ
JAS 4 17 q84z εἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν. 1 for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin.
JAS 5 intro ud8q 0 # James 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eternity<br>This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will last for eternity. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Oaths<br>Scholars are divided over whether this passage teaches all oaths are wrong. Most scholars believe some oaths are permissible and James instead is teaching Christians to have integrity.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Elijah<br>This story will be difficult to understand if the books of 1 and 2 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles have not yet been translated.<br><br>### “Save his soul from death”<br>This probably teaches that the person who stops their sinful lifestyle will not be punished with physical death as a consequence of their sin. On the other hand, some scholars believe this passage teaches about eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br>
JAS 5 1 phs3 0 Connecting Statement: James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches.
JAS 5 1 gel9 figs-explicit οἱ πλούσιοι 1 you who are rich Possible meanings are 1) James is giving a strong warning to wealthy believers or 2) James is talking about wealthy unbelievers. Alternate translation: “you who are rich and say you honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JAS 5 1 gel9 figs-explicit οἱ πλούσιοι 1 you who are rich Possible meanings are (1) James is giving a strong warning to wealthy believers or (2) James is talking about wealthy unbelievers. Alternate translation: “you who are rich and say you honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JAS 5 1 l3wd figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις 1 because of the miseries coming on you James states that these people will suffer terribly in the future and writes as if their sufferings were objects that were coming toward them. The abstract noun “miseries” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you will suffer terribly in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JAS 5 2 gq45 figs-pastforfuture ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν. 1 Your riches have rotted, and your clothes have become moth-eaten. Earthly riches do not last nor do they have any eternal value. James speaks of these events as if they had already happened. Alternate translation: “Your riches will rot, and your clothes will be eaten by moths.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JAS 5 2 v241 ὁ πλοῦτος…τὰ ἱμάτια 1 riches…clothes These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
@ -332,4 +332,4 @@ JAS 5 19 xr4l figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this word pro
JAS 5 19 dv4v figs-metaphor ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας, καὶ ἐπιστρέψῃ τις αὐτόν 1 if anyone among you wanders from the truth, and someone brings him back A believer who stops trusting in God and obeying him is spoken of as if he were a sheep that wandered away from the flock. The person who persuades him to trust in God again is spoken of as if he were a shepherd who went to search for the lost sheep. Alternate translation: “whenever anyone stops obeying God, and another person helps him start obeying again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 5 20 xg1y figs-metonymy ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ, σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way…will cover over a great number of sins James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner’s soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JAS 5 20 pd78 figs-synecdoche σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 will save him from death, and will cover over a great number of sins Here “death” refers to spiritual death, eternal separation from God. Alternate translation: “will save him from spiritual death, and God will forgive the sinner for all of his sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JAS 5 20 rh4d figs-metaphor καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 will cover over a great number of sins Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JAS 5 20 rh4d figs-metaphor καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 will cover over a great number of sins Possible meanings are (1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or (2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
3 JAS 1 intro pz2q 0 # James 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>James formally introduces this letter in verse 1. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Testing and temptation<br><br>These two words occur together in ([James 1:12-13](./12.md)). Both words speak of a person who is able to choose between doing something good and doing something evil. The difference between them is important. God is testing the person and wants him to do what is good. Satan is tempting the person and wants him to do what is evil.<br><br>### Crowns<br><br>The crown that a man who passes the test receives is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>James uses many metaphors in this chapter, and you will need to understand the material on the metaphor page before you can translate them well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “To the twelve tribes in the dispersion”<br><br>It is not clear to whom James wrote this letter. He calls himself a servant of the Lord Jesus Christ, so he was probably writing to Christians. But he calls his readers “the twelve tribes in the dispersion,” words which usually refer to Jews. It is possible that he is using the words as a metaphor for “all people whom God has chosen” or that he wrote the letter at a time when most Christians had grown up as Jews.<br>
4 JAS 1 1 ssc8 0 General Information: The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places.
5 JAS 1 1 pkt2 figs-explicit Ἰάκωβος, Θεοῦ καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δοῦλος 1 James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ The phrase “this letter is from” is implied. Alternate translation: “This letter is from James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6 JAS 1 1 l4i7 figs-synecdoche ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς 1 to the twelve tribes Possible meanings are 1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or 2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. Alternate translation: “to God’s faithful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or (2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. Alternate translation: “to God’s faithful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7 JAS 1 1 vza9 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ διασπορᾷ 1 in the dispersion The term “dispersion” normally referred to the Jews who were scattered in other countries, away from their homeland Israel. This abstract noun can be expressed with a phrase with the verb “scattered.” Alternate translation: “who are scattered around the world” or “who live in other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8 JAS 1 1 huk9 χαίρειν 1 Greetings! a basic greeting, such as “Hello!” or “Good day!”
9 JAS 1 2 knw6 πᾶσαν χαρὰν ἡγήσασθε, ἀδελφοί μου, ὅταν πειρασμοῖς περιπέσητε ποικίλοις 1 Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles “My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate”
21 JAS 1 9 gc9b ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὁ ταπεινὸς 1 the poor brother “the believer who does not have much money”
22 JAS 1 9 yxs5 figs-metaphor καυχάσθω…ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ 1 boast of his high position Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23 JAS 1 10 uzk7 figs-ellipsis ὁ δὲ πλούσιος, ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ 1 but the rich man of his low position The words “let boast” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but let the rich man boast of his low position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
24 JAS 1 10 w4ta ὁ δὲ πλούσιος 1 but the rich man “but the man who has a lot of money.” Possible meanings are 1) the rich man is a believer or 2) the rich man is an unbeliever. “but the man who has a lot of money.” Possible meanings are (1) the rich man is a believer or (2) the rich man is an unbeliever.
25 JAS 1 10 ulk4 figs-ellipsis ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ 1 of his low position A rich believer should be happy if God causes him to suffer. Alternate translation: “should be happy that God has given him difficulties” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
26 JAS 1 10 nug7 figs-simile ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται 1 he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
27 JAS 1 11 gv7v figs-metaphor ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο 1 its beauty perishes A flower no longer being beautiful is spoken of as if its beauty dies. Alternate translation: “and it is no longer beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46 JAS 1 17 n7d8 figs-metaphor τοῦ Πατρὸς τῶν φώτων 1 the Father of lights God, the creator of all the lights in the sky (sun, moon, and stars), is said to be their “Father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47 JAS 1 17 g5ge figs-simile παρ’ ᾧ οὐκ ἔνι παραλλαγὴ ἢ τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα. 1 With him there is no changing or shadow because of turning This expression pictures God as an unchanging light, like the sun, moon, planets, and stars in the sky. This is in contrast to shadows here on earth that constantly change. Alternate translation: “God does not change. He is as constant as the sun, moon, and stars in the sky, rather than like shadows which appear and disappear on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
48 JAS 1 18 mj29 figs-metaphor ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς 1 give us birth God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49 JAS 1 18 ykq9 λόγῳ ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth” or 2) “the true message.” Possible meanings are (1) “the message about the truth” or (2) “the true message.”
50 JAS 1 18 qh2e figs-simile εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἀπαρχήν τινα 1 so that we would be a kind of firstfruits James is using the traditional Hebrew idea of firstfruits as a way to describe the value of the Christian believers to God. He implies that there will be many more believers in the future. Alternate translation: “so that we would be like an offering of firstfruits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
51 JAS 1 19 dt7i ἴστε 1 You know this Possible meanings are 1) “Know this” as a command, to pay attention to what I am about to write or 2) “You know this” as a statement, that I am about to remind you of something that you already know. Possible meanings are (1) “Know this” as a command, to pay attention to what I am about to write or (2) “You know this” as a statement, that I am about to remind you of something that you already know.
52 JAS 1 19 p728 figs-idiom ἔστω…πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ταχὺς εἰς τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, βραδὺς εἰς τὸ λαλῆσαι 1 Let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak These sayings are idioms that mean people should first listen intently, and then consider carefully what they say. Here “slow to speak” does not mean speaking slowly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
53 JAS 1 19 ev3v βραδὺς εἰς ὀργήν 1 slow to anger “not get angry quickly”
54 JAS 1 20 ej4p ὀργὴ…ἀνδρὸς, δικαιοσύνην Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται. 1 the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God When a person is always angry, he cannot do God’s work, which is righteous.
224 JAS 4 1 ub82 figs-doublet πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν? 1 Where do quarrels and disputes among you come from? The abstract nouns “quarrels” and “disputes” mean basically the same thing and can be translated with verbs. Alternate translation: “Why do you quarrel and dispute among yourselves?” or “Why do you fight among yourselves?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
225 JAS 4 1 pqx2 figs-rquestion οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν? 1 Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? James uses this question to rebuke his audience. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “They come from your evil desires for things, desires that fight among your members.” or “They come from your desires for evil things, desires that fight among your members.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
226 JAS 4 1 vpe2 figs-personification οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν? 1 Do they not come from your desires that fight among your members? James speaks of desires as they were enemies who waged war against the believers. In reality, of course, it is the people who have these desires who fight among themselves. Alternate translation: “They come from your desires for evil things, by which you end up harming each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
227 JAS 4 1 v5kg ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν 1 among your members Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer. Possible meanings are (1) there is fighting among the local believers, or (2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer.
228 JAS 4 2 khh9 figs-hyperbole φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε, καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν 1 You kill and covet, and you are not able to obtain The phrase “You kill” expresses how badly the people behave in order to get what they want. It can be translated as “You do all kinds of evil things to get what you cannot have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
229 JAS 4 2 v9m8 figs-doublet μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε 1 You fight and quarrel The words “fight” and “quarrel” mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize how much the people argue among themselves. Alternate translation: “You constantly fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
230 JAS 4 3 nk57 κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε 1 you ask badly Possible meanings are 1) “you ask with wrong motives” or “you ask with bad attitudes” or 2) “you are asking for wrong things” or “you are asking for bad things” Possible meanings are (1) “you ask with wrong motives” or “you ask with bad attitudes” or (2) “you are asking for wrong things” or “you are asking for bad things”
231 JAS 4 4 efi8 figs-metaphor μοιχαλίδες! 1 You adulteresses! James speaks of believers as being like wives who sleep with men other than their husbands. Alternate translation: “You are not being faithful to God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
232 JAS 4 4 wu5v figs-rquestion οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου, ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν? 1 Do you not know…God? James uses this question to teach his audience. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know…God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
233 JAS 4 4 b5ly figs-metonymy ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου 1 friendship with the world This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world’s value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
268 JAS 4 17 q84z εἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν. 1 for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin.
269 JAS 5 intro ud8q 0 # James 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eternity<br>This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will last for eternity. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Oaths<br>Scholars are divided over whether this passage teaches all oaths are wrong. Most scholars believe some oaths are permissible and James instead is teaching Christians to have integrity.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Elijah<br>This story will be difficult to understand if the books of 1 and 2 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles have not yet been translated.<br><br>### “Save his soul from death”<br>This probably teaches that the person who stops their sinful lifestyle will not be punished with physical death as a consequence of their sin. On the other hand, some scholars believe this passage teaches about eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br>
270 JAS 5 1 phs3 0 Connecting Statement: James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches.
271 JAS 5 1 gel9 figs-explicit οἱ πλούσιοι 1 you who are rich Possible meanings are 1) James is giving a strong warning to wealthy believers or 2) James is talking about wealthy unbelievers. Alternate translation: “you who are rich and say you honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) James is giving a strong warning to wealthy believers or (2) James is talking about wealthy unbelievers. Alternate translation: “you who are rich and say you honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
272 JAS 5 1 l3wd figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις 1 because of the miseries coming on you James states that these people will suffer terribly in the future and writes as if their sufferings were objects that were coming toward them. The abstract noun “miseries” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you will suffer terribly in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273 JAS 5 2 gq45 figs-pastforfuture ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν. 1 Your riches have rotted, and your clothes have become moth-eaten. Earthly riches do not last nor do they have any eternal value. James speaks of these events as if they had already happened. Alternate translation: “Your riches will rot, and your clothes will be eaten by moths.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
274 JAS 5 2 v241 ὁ πλοῦτος…τὰ ἱμάτια 1 riches…clothes These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
332 JAS 5 19 dv4v figs-metaphor ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας, καὶ ἐπιστρέψῃ τις αὐτόν 1 if anyone among you wanders from the truth, and someone brings him back A believer who stops trusting in God and obeying him is spoken of as if he were a sheep that wandered away from the flock. The person who persuades him to trust in God again is spoken of as if he were a shepherd who went to search for the lost sheep. Alternate translation: “whenever anyone stops obeying God, and another person helps him start obeying again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
333 JAS 5 20 xg1y figs-metonymy ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ, σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way…will cover over a great number of sins James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner’s soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
334 JAS 5 20 pd78 figs-synecdoche σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 will save him from death, and will cover over a great number of sins Here “death” refers to spiritual death, eternal separation from God. Alternate translation: “will save him from spiritual death, and God will forgive the sinner for all of his sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
335 JAS 5 20 rh4d figs-metaphor καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1 will cover over a great number of sins Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or (2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας…Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia…Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, “Cappadocia” and “Bithynia” were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
1PE 1 1 cf7b ἐκλεκτοῖς 1 the chosen ones “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
1PE 1 2 a3gd κατὰ πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father “according to his own foreknowledge”
1PE 1 2 ba1h figs-abstractnouns πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 2 ba1h figs-abstractnouns πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 2 i9kf figs-metonymy ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ Here “the blood” refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 2 z7df figs-abstractnouns χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace be to you, and may your peace increase This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 3 y6aq 0 General Information: Peter begins to talk about the believers’ salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them.
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 1 7 vvp1 figs-metaphor ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 This is for the proving of your faith In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 7 ct3n τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 the proving of your faith God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
1PE 1 7 u63m τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς…δοκιμαζομένου 1 faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire.
1PE 1 7 a6q4 εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν 1 your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor Possible meanings are 1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or 2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God.
1PE 1 7 a6q4 εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν 1 your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor Possible meanings are (1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or (2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God.
1PE 1 7 bkr9 figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 at the revealing of Jesus Christ “when Jesus Christ is revealed.” This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 1 8 eka3 χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ 1 joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory “wonderful joy that words cannot describe”
1PE 1 9 j2qe figs-synecdoche σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 the salvation of your souls Here the word “souls” refers to the whole person. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “your salvation” or “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 1 22 qyt5 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ ὑπακοῇ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 by obedience to the truth You can translate this using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “by obeying the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 1 22 j777 φιλαδελφίαν 1 brotherly love This refers to love between fellow believers.
1PE 1 22 e9wr figs-metonymy ἐκ…καρδίας, ἀλλήλους ἀγαπήσατε ἐκτενῶς 1 love one another earnestly from the heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or emotions. To love someone “from the heart” means to love some one completely with total commitment. Alternate translation: “love one another earnestly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE 1 23 w4v3 figs-metaphor ἀναγεγεννημένοι, οὐκ ἐκ σπορᾶς φθαρτῆς, ἀλλὰ ἀφθάρτου 1 born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either 1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or 2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 23 w4v3 figs-metaphor ἀναγεγεννημένοι, οὐκ ἐκ σπορᾶς φθαρτῆς, ἀλλὰ ἀφθάρτου 1 born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either (1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or (2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 1 23 nh9r ἀφθάρτου 1 imperishable seed seed that will not rot or dry up or die
1PE 1 23 tjq9 figs-metonymy διὰ λόγου ζῶντος Θεοῦ, καὶ μένοντος 1 through the living and remaining word of God Peter speaks of God’s word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE 1 24 kyc5 0 General Information: In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed.
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 2 3 tui9 figs-metaphor εἰ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ Κύριος 1 if you have tasted that the Lord is kind Here to taste means to experience something personally. Alternate translation: “if you have experienced the Lord’s kindness toward you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 2 4 sa2z figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 2 4 c4lu figs-metaphor πρὸς ὃν προσερχόμενοι λίθον ζῶντα 1 Come to him who is a living stone Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a stone in a building. Alternate translation: “Come to him who is like a stone in a building, but alive, not a dead stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 2 4 ihq2 ὃν…λίθον ζῶντα 1 who is a living stone Possible meanings are 1) “who is a stone that is alive” or 2) “who is a stone that gives life.”
1PE 2 4 ihq2 ὃν…λίθον ζῶντα 1 who is a living stone Possible meanings are (1) “who is a stone that is alive” or (2) “who is a stone that gives life.”
1PE 2 4 e8sy figs-activepassive ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον 1 that has been rejected by people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people have rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 2 4 a438 figs-activepassive παρὰ δὲ Θεῷ ἐκλεκτὸν 1 but that has been chosen by God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but that God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 2 5 z11h figs-metaphor καὶ αὐτοὶ…οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς 1 You also are…being built up to be a spiritual house Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 2 8 sm6s figs-activepassive εἰς ὃ…ἐτέθησαν 1 which is what they were appointed to do This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for which God also appointed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 2 9 dc8m 0 General Information: In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable.
1PE 2 9 zla9 figs-activepassive γένος ἐκλεκτόν 1 a chosen people You can clarify that God is the one who has chosen them. Alternate translation: “a people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 2 9 g39z βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα 1 a royal priesthood Possible meanings are 1) “a group of kings and a group of priests” or 2) “a group of priests who serve the king.”
1PE 2 9 g39z βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα 1 a royal priesthood Possible meanings are (1) “a group of kings and a group of priests” or (2) “a group of priests who serve the king.”
1PE 2 9 qk7f λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν 1 a people for God’s possession “a people who belong to God”
1PE 2 9 ra7z ἐκ…ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος 1 who called you out “who called you to come out”
1PE 2 9 nvf5 figs-metaphor ἐκ σκότους…εἰς τὸ θαυμαστὸν αὐτοῦ φῶς 1 from darkness into his marvelous light Here “darkness” refers to their condition as sinful people who did not know God, and “light” refers to their condition as people who do know God and practice righteousness. Alternate translation: “from a life of sin and ignorance of God to a life of knowing and pleasing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 2 12 mkt4 ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν ὑμῶν ὡς 1 if they speak about you as “if they accuse you of”
1PE 2 12 w3yn figs-abstractnouns ἐκ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ἐποπτεύοντες 1 they may observe your good works The abstract noun “works” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they may observe the good things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 2 12 s2ji figs-explicit ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπισκοπῆς 1 on the day of his coming “on the day when he comes.” This refers to the day when God will judge all people. Alternate translation: “when he comes to judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE 2 13 c484 διὰ τὸν Κύριον 1 for the Lord’s sake Possible meanings are 1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or 2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities.
1PE 2 13 c484 διὰ τὸν Κύριον 1 for the Lord’s sake Possible meanings are (1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or (2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities.
1PE 2 13 al6q βασιλεῖ ὡς ὑπερέχοντι 1 the king as supreme “the king as the highest human authority”
1PE 2 14 y1l2 figs-activepassive δι’ αὐτοῦ πεμπομένοις, εἰς ἐκδίκησιν 1 who are sent to punish This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the king has sent to punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 2 15 mh6s ἀγαθοποιοῦντας φιμοῦν τὴν τῶν ἀφρόνων ἀνθρώπων ἀγνωσίαν 1 in doing good you silence the ignorant talk of foolish people “by doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know”
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 2 18 xgk8 figs-doublet τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς καὶ ἐπιεικέσιν 1 the good and gentle masters Here the words “good” and “gentle” share similar meanings and emphasize that such masters treat their servants kindly. Alternate translation: “the very kind masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE 2 18 a6gc τοῖς σκολιοῖς 1 the malicious ones “the cruel ones” or “the mean ones”
1PE 2 19 r1h1 τοῦτο…χάρις 1 it is praiseworthy “it is deserving of praise” or “it is pleasing to God”
1PE 2 19 zm8e διὰ συνείδησιν Θεοῦ, ὑποφέρει…λύπας 1 endures pain…because of his awareness of God Possible meanings of the original passage are 1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or 2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering.
1PE 2 19 zm8e διὰ συνείδησιν Θεοῦ, ὑποφέρει…λύπας 1 endures pain…because of his awareness of God Possible meanings of the original passage are (1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or (2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering.
1PE 2 20 y5ue figs-rquestion ποῖον γὰρ κλέος, εἰ ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ κολαφιζόμενοι ὑπομενεῖτε 1 For how much credit is there…while being punished? Peter asks this question to emphasize that there is nothing praiseworthy about suffering for doing something wrong. Alternate translation: “For there is no credit…while being punished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE 2 20 pr8b figs-activepassive κολαφιζόμενοι 1 while being punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “while someone punishes you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 2 20 ly9f figs-activepassive πάσχοντες ὑπομενεῖτε 1 you suffer while being punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you suffer while someone punishes you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 3 1 bs56 figs-idiom κερδηθήσονται 1 they may be won “they may be persuaded to believe in Christ.” This means that the unbelieving husbands will become believers. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they may become believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 3 1 qp4q figs-ellipsis ἄνευ λόγου 1 without a word “without the wife saying a word.” Here “a word” refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1PE 3 2 zft4 figs-abstractnouns ἐποπτεύσαντες τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν 1 they will have seen your sincere behavior with respect The abstract noun “behavior” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they will have seen that you behave sincerely and respectfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE 3 2 ng3s τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν 1 your sincere behavior with respect Possible meanings are 1) “your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them” or 2) “your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God.”
1PE 3 2 ng3s τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν 1 your sincere behavior with respect Possible meanings are (1) “your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them” or (2) “your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God.”
1PE 3 3 p1bg 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues speaking to women who are wives.
1PE 3 3 z9xx ἔστω 1 Let it be done The word “it” refers to the wives’ submission to and conduct towards their husbands.
1PE 3 4 l2yq figs-metonymy ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος 1 the inner person of the heart Here the words “inner person” and “heart” refer to the inward character and personality of a person. Alternate translation: “what you really are on the inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 3 18 g1xd figs-metaphor ἵνα ὑμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ Θεῷ 1 so that he would bring us to God Peter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 3 18 j5lh figs-metaphor θανατωθεὶς…σαρκὶ 1 He was put to death in the flesh Here “flesh” refers to Christ’s body; Christ was physically put to death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People put Christ to death physically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 3 18 h6v4 figs-activepassive ζῳοποιηθεὶς…Πνεύματι 1 he was made alive by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit made him alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 3 18 n7nh Πνεύματι 1 by the Spirit Possible meanings are 1) by the Holy Spirit’s power or 2) in a spiritual existence.
1PE 3 19 hp82 ἐν ᾧ…πορευθεὶς 1 By the Spirit, he went Possible meanings are 1) “By the Holy Spirit’s power, he went” or 2) “In his spiritual existence, he went.”
1PE 3 19 ez3d τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν 1 the spirits who are now in prison Possible meanings of the word “spirits” are 1) “evil spirits” or 2) “spirits of the dead people.”
1PE 3 18 n7nh Πνεύματι 1 by the Spirit Possible meanings are (1) by the Holy Spirit’s power or (2) in a spiritual existence.
1PE 3 19 hp82 ἐν ᾧ…πορευθεὶς 1 By the Spirit, he went Possible meanings are (1) “By the Holy Spirit’s power, he went” or (2) “In his spiritual existence, he went.”
1PE 3 19 ez3d τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν 1 the spirits who are now in prison Possible meanings of the word “spirits” are (1) “evil spirits” or (2) “spirits of the dead people.”
1PE 3 20 s7qm figs-personification ὅτε ἀπεξεδέχετο ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ μακροθυμία 1 when the patience of God was waiting The word “patience” is a metonym for God himself. Peter writes of God’s patience as if it is a person. Alternate translation: “when God was waiting patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE 3 20 c6mi figs-activepassive ἐν ἡμέραις Νῶε, κατασκευαζομένης κιβωτοῦ 1 in the days of Noah, in the days of the building of an ark This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “during the time of Noah, when he was building an ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 3 21 jti3 δι’ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through the resurrection of Jesus Christ “because of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.” This phrase completes the thought, “This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now.”
@ -207,19 +207,19 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 4 3 rp5p κώμοις, πότοις 1 drunken celebrations, having wild parties These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner.
1PE 4 4 q6k6 τῆς ἀσωτίας ἀνάχυσιν 1 floods of reckless behavior These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people.
1PE 4 4 w1d8 τῆς ἀσωτίας 1 reckless behavior doing everything they can to satisfy the desires of their bodies
1PE 4 5 xw39 τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι 1 the one who is ready to judge Possible meanings are 1) “God, who is ready to judge” or 2) “Christ, who is ready to judge”
1PE 4 5 xw39 τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι 1 the one who is ready to judge Possible meanings are (1) “God, who is ready to judge” or (2) “Christ, who is ready to judge”
1PE 4 5 dx7v figs-merism ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς 1 the living and the dead This means all people, whether they are still alive or have died. Alternate translation: “every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1PE 4 6 u54m καὶ νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη 1 the gospel was preached also to the dead Possible meanings are 1) “the gospel was preached also to people who had already died” or 2) “the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead”
1PE 4 6 ql11 figs-activepassive εὐηγγελίσθη 1 the gospel was preached This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Christ preached. Alternate translation: “Christ preached the gospel” or 2) men preached. Alternate translation: “men preached the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 4 6 hsg6 figs-activepassive κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ 1 they have been judged in the flesh as humans This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) God judged them in this life on earth. Alternate translation: “God judged them in their bodies as humans” or 2) men judged them according to human standards. Alternate translation: “men judged them in their bodies as humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 4 6 u54m καὶ νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη 1 the gospel was preached also to the dead Possible meanings are (1) “the gospel was preached also to people who had already died” or (2) “the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead”
1PE 4 6 ql11 figs-activepassive εὐηγγελίσθη 1 the gospel was preached This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Christ preached. Alternate translation: “Christ preached the gospel” or (2) men preached. Alternate translation: “men preached the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 4 6 hsg6 figs-activepassive κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ 1 they have been judged in the flesh as humans This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) God judged them in this life on earth. Alternate translation: “God judged them in their bodies as humans” or (2) men judged them according to human standards. Alternate translation: “men judged them in their bodies as humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 4 6 s72f figs-euphemism κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ 1 judged in the flesh as humans This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1PE 4 6 h154 ζῶσι…κατὰ Θεὸν πνεύματι 1 live in the spirit the way God does Possible meanings are 1) “live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so” or 2) “live according to God’s standards by the power of the Holy Spirit”
1PE 4 6 h154 ζῶσι…κατὰ Θεὸν πνεύματι 1 live in the spirit the way God does Possible meanings are (1) “live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so” or (2) “live according to God’s standards by the power of the Holy Spirit”
1PE 4 7 e445 πάντων…τὸ τέλος 1 The end of all things This refers to the end of the world at Christ’s second coming.
1PE 4 7 qs1t figs-metaphor ἤγγικεν 1 is coming The end that will happen soon is spoken of as if it is physically coming closer in distance. Alternate translation: “will soon happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 4 7 ubd4 figs-parallelism σωφρονήσατε…καὶ νήψατε 1 be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE 4 7 k5hh figs-idiom νήψατε 1 be sober in your thinking Here the word “sober” refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “control your thoughts” or “be careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE 4 8 x6ac πρὸ πάντων 1 Above all things “Most importantly of all”
1PE 4 8 f1lr figs-personification ὅτι ἀγάπη καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν 1 for love covers a multitude of sins Peter describes “love” as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are 1) “for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned” or 2) “for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 4 8 f1lr figs-personification ὅτι ἀγάπη καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν 1 for love covers a multitude of sins Peter describes “love” as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are (1) “for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned” or (2) “for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 4 9 g3vw φιλόξενοι 1 Be hospitable Show kindness to and welcome guests and travelers
1PE 4 10 xvj3 figs-explicit ἕκαστος καθὼς ἔλαβεν χάρισμα 1 As each one of you has received a gift This refers to special spiritual abilities that God gives to believers. Alternate translation: “Because each one of you has received a special spiritual ability as a gift from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE 4 11 ir6x figs-activepassive ἵνα ἐν πᾶσιν δοξάζηται ὁ Θεὸς 1 so that in all ways God would be glorified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that in all ways you will glorify God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -265,14 +265,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1PE 5 9 i4ur ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ 1 in the world “in various places throughout the world”
1PE 5 10 eex1 0 General Information: This is the end of Peter’s letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings.
1PE 5 10 suu9 ὀλίγον 1 for a little while “for a short time”
1PE 5 10 p648 ὁ…Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 the God of all grace Here the word “grace” may refer either to the things that God gives or to God’s character. Possible meanings are 1) “the God who always gives us what we need” or 2) “the God who is always gracious.”
1PE 5 10 p648 ὁ…Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 the God of all grace Here the word “grace” may refer either to the things that God gives or to God’s character. Possible meanings are (1) “the God who always gives us what we need” or (2) “the God who is always gracious.”
1PE 5 10 lwz6 ὁ καλέσας ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἐν Χριστῷ 1 who called you to his eternal glory in Christ “who chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ”
1PE 5 10 qf2h καταρτίσει 1 perfect you “make you perfect” or “restore you” or “make you well again”
1PE 5 10 j2nt figs-metaphor σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει 1 establish you, and strengthen you These two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 5 12 an6q διὰ Σιλουανοῦ, ὑμῖν…δι’ ὀλίγων ἔγραψα 1 I have written to you briefly through him Silvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter.
1PE 5 12 g1t6 figs-metonymy ταύτην εἶναι ἀληθῆ χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 what I have written is the true grace of God “I have written about the true grace of God.” Here the word “grace” refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE 5 12 nm72 figs-metaphor εἰς ἣν στῆτε 1 Stand in it The word “it” refers to “the true grace of God.” Being strongly committed to this grace is spoken of as standing firmly in one place, refusing to move. Alternate translation: “Remain strongly committed to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 5 13 muq7 writing-symlanguage ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι 1 The woman who is in Babylon Here “The woman” probably refers to the group of believers who live in “Babylon.” Possible meanings for “Babylon” are 1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, 2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or 3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1PE 5 13 muq7 writing-symlanguage ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι 1 The woman who is in Babylon Here “The woman” probably refers to the group of believers who live in “Babylon.” Possible meanings for “Babylon” are (1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, (2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or (3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1PE 5 13 rpf5 figs-activepassive συνεκλεκτὴ 1 who is chosen together with you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has chosen as he has chosen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE 5 13 ws2x figs-metaphor ὁ υἱός μου 1 my son Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son” or “who is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE 5 14 fc7b φιλήματι ἀγάπης 1 a kiss of love “a loving kiss” or “a kiss to show your love for each other”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
6 1PE 1 1 qkl8 Καππαδοκίας…Βιθυνίας 1 Cappadocia…Bithynia Along with the other places that Peter mentions, “Cappadocia” and “Bithynia” were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
7 1PE 1 1 cf7b ἐκλεκτοῖς 1 the chosen ones “the ones whom God the Father has chosen.” God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge.
8 1PE 1 2 a3gd κατὰ πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father “according to his own foreknowledge”
9 1PE 1 2 ba1h figs-abstractnouns πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός 1 the foreknowledge of God the Father The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are 1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or 2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “foreknowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possible meanings are (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
10 1PE 1 2 i9kf figs-metonymy ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ Here “the blood” refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11 1PE 1 2 z7df figs-abstractnouns χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace be to you, and may your peace increase This passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12 1PE 1 3 y6aq 0 General Information: Peter begins to talk about the believers’ salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them.
24 1PE 1 7 vvp1 figs-metaphor ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 This is for the proving of your faith In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25 1PE 1 7 ct3n τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως 1 the proving of your faith God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
26 1PE 1 7 u63m τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς…δοκιμαζομένου 1 faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fire Faith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire.
27 1PE 1 7 a6q4 εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν 1 your faith will be found to result in praise, glory, and honor Possible meanings are 1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or 2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God. Possible meanings are (1) that “God will honor you very highly” because of your faith or (2) that “your faith will bring praise, glory, and honor” to God.
28 1PE 1 7 bkr9 figs-activepassive ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 at the revealing of Jesus Christ “when Jesus Christ is revealed.” This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29 1PE 1 8 eka3 χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ 1 joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory “wonderful joy that words cannot describe”
30 1PE 1 9 j2qe figs-synecdoche σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν 1 the salvation of your souls Here the word “souls” refers to the whole person. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “your salvation” or “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61 1PE 1 22 qyt5 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ ὑπακοῇ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 by obedience to the truth You can translate this using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “by obeying the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
62 1PE 1 22 j777 φιλαδελφίαν 1 brotherly love This refers to love between fellow believers.
63 1PE 1 22 e9wr figs-metonymy ἐκ…καρδίας, ἀλλήλους ἀγαπήσατε ἐκτενῶς 1 love one another earnestly from the heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or emotions. To love someone “from the heart” means to love some one completely with total commitment. Alternate translation: “love one another earnestly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
64 1PE 1 23 w4v3 figs-metaphor ἀναγεγεννημένοι, οὐκ ἐκ σπορᾶς φθαρτῆς, ἀλλὰ ἀφθάρτου 1 born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either 1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or 2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either (1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or (2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65 1PE 1 23 nh9r ἀφθάρτου 1 imperishable seed seed that will not rot or dry up or die
66 1PE 1 23 tjq9 figs-metonymy διὰ λόγου ζῶντος Θεοῦ, καὶ μένοντος 1 through the living and remaining word of God Peter speaks of God’s word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67 1PE 1 24 kyc5 0 General Information: In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed.
80 1PE 2 3 tui9 figs-metaphor εἰ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ Κύριος 1 if you have tasted that the Lord is kind Here to taste means to experience something personally. Alternate translation: “if you have experienced the Lord’s kindness toward you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81 1PE 2 4 sa2z figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82 1PE 2 4 c4lu figs-metaphor πρὸς ὃν προσερχόμενοι λίθον ζῶντα 1 Come to him who is a living stone Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a stone in a building. Alternate translation: “Come to him who is like a stone in a building, but alive, not a dead stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83 1PE 2 4 ihq2 ὃν…λίθον ζῶντα 1 who is a living stone Possible meanings are 1) “who is a stone that is alive” or 2) “who is a stone that gives life.” Possible meanings are (1) “who is a stone that is alive” or (2) “who is a stone that gives life.”
84 1PE 2 4 e8sy figs-activepassive ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον 1 that has been rejected by people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people have rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
85 1PE 2 4 a438 figs-activepassive παρὰ δὲ Θεῷ ἐκλεκτὸν 1 but that has been chosen by God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but that God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
86 1PE 2 5 z11h figs-metaphor καὶ αὐτοὶ…οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς 1 You also are…being built up to be a spiritual house Just as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100 1PE 2 8 sm6s figs-activepassive εἰς ὃ…ἐτέθησαν 1 which is what they were appointed to do This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for which God also appointed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101 1PE 2 9 dc8m 0 General Information: In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable.
102 1PE 2 9 zla9 figs-activepassive γένος ἐκλεκτόν 1 a chosen people You can clarify that God is the one who has chosen them. Alternate translation: “a people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
103 1PE 2 9 g39z βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα 1 a royal priesthood Possible meanings are 1) “a group of kings and a group of priests” or 2) “a group of priests who serve the king.” Possible meanings are (1) “a group of kings and a group of priests” or (2) “a group of priests who serve the king.”
104 1PE 2 9 qk7f λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν 1 a people for God’s possession “a people who belong to God”
105 1PE 2 9 ra7z ἐκ…ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος 1 who called you out “who called you to come out”
106 1PE 2 9 nvf5 figs-metaphor ἐκ σκότους…εἰς τὸ θαυμαστὸν αὐτοῦ φῶς 1 from darkness into his marvelous light Here “darkness” refers to their condition as sinful people who did not know God, and “light” refers to their condition as people who do know God and practice righteousness. Alternate translation: “from a life of sin and ignorance of God to a life of knowing and pleasing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112 1PE 2 12 mkt4 ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν ὑμῶν ὡς 1 if they speak about you as “if they accuse you of”
113 1PE 2 12 w3yn figs-abstractnouns ἐκ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ἐποπτεύοντες 1 they may observe your good works The abstract noun “works” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they may observe the good things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
114 1PE 2 12 s2ji figs-explicit ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπισκοπῆς 1 on the day of his coming “on the day when he comes.” This refers to the day when God will judge all people. Alternate translation: “when he comes to judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115 1PE 2 13 c484 διὰ τὸν Κύριον 1 for the Lord’s sake Possible meanings are 1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or 2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities. Possible meanings are (1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or (2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities.
116 1PE 2 13 al6q βασιλεῖ ὡς ὑπερέχοντι 1 the king as supreme “the king as the highest human authority”
117 1PE 2 14 y1l2 figs-activepassive δι’ αὐτοῦ πεμπομένοις, εἰς ἐκδίκησιν 1 who are sent to punish This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the king has sent to punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
118 1PE 2 15 mh6s ἀγαθοποιοῦντας φιμοῦν τὴν τῶν ἀφρόνων ἀνθρώπων ἀγνωσίαν 1 in doing good you silence the ignorant talk of foolish people “by doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know”
122 1PE 2 18 xgk8 figs-doublet τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς καὶ ἐπιεικέσιν 1 the good and gentle masters Here the words “good” and “gentle” share similar meanings and emphasize that such masters treat their servants kindly. Alternate translation: “the very kind masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
123 1PE 2 18 a6gc τοῖς σκολιοῖς 1 the malicious ones “the cruel ones” or “the mean ones”
124 1PE 2 19 r1h1 τοῦτο…χάρις 1 it is praiseworthy “it is deserving of praise” or “it is pleasing to God”
125 1PE 2 19 zm8e διὰ συνείδησιν Θεοῦ, ὑποφέρει…λύπας 1 endures pain…because of his awareness of God Possible meanings of the original passage are 1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or 2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering. Possible meanings of the original passage are (1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or (2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering.
126 1PE 2 20 y5ue figs-rquestion ποῖον γὰρ κλέος, εἰ ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ κολαφιζόμενοι ὑπομενεῖτε 1 For how much credit is there…while being punished? Peter asks this question to emphasize that there is nothing praiseworthy about suffering for doing something wrong. Alternate translation: “For there is no credit…while being punished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
127 1PE 2 20 pr8b figs-activepassive κολαφιζόμενοι 1 while being punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “while someone punishes you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
128 1PE 2 20 ly9f figs-activepassive πάσχοντες ὑπομενεῖτε 1 you suffer while being punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you suffer while someone punishes you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
147 1PE 3 1 bs56 figs-idiom κερδηθήσονται 1 they may be won “they may be persuaded to believe in Christ.” This means that the unbelieving husbands will become believers. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they may become believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
148 1PE 3 1 qp4q figs-ellipsis ἄνευ λόγου 1 without a word “without the wife saying a word.” Here “a word” refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
149 1PE 3 2 zft4 figs-abstractnouns ἐποπτεύσαντες τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν 1 they will have seen your sincere behavior with respect The abstract noun “behavior” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they will have seen that you behave sincerely and respectfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
150 1PE 3 2 ng3s τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν 1 your sincere behavior with respect Possible meanings are 1) “your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them” or 2) “your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God.” Possible meanings are (1) “your sincere behavior toward them and the way that you honor them” or (2) “your pure behavior toward them and the way that you honor God.”
151 1PE 3 3 p1bg 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues speaking to women who are wives.
152 1PE 3 3 z9xx ἔστω 1 Let it be done The word “it” refers to the wives’ submission to and conduct towards their husbands.
153 1PE 3 4 l2yq figs-metonymy ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος 1 the inner person of the heart Here the words “inner person” and “heart” refer to the inward character and personality of a person. Alternate translation: “what you really are on the inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
189 1PE 3 18 g1xd figs-metaphor ἵνα ὑμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ Θεῷ 1 so that he would bring us to God Peter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190 1PE 3 18 j5lh figs-metaphor θανατωθεὶς…σαρκὶ 1 He was put to death in the flesh Here “flesh” refers to Christ’s body; Christ was physically put to death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People put Christ to death physically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
191 1PE 3 18 h6v4 figs-activepassive ζῳοποιηθεὶς…Πνεύματι 1 he was made alive by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit made him alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
192 1PE 3 18 n7nh Πνεύματι 1 by the Spirit Possible meanings are 1) by the Holy Spirit’s power or 2) in a spiritual existence. Possible meanings are (1) by the Holy Spirit’s power or (2) in a spiritual existence.
193 1PE 3 19 hp82 ἐν ᾧ…πορευθεὶς 1 By the Spirit, he went Possible meanings are 1) “By the Holy Spirit’s power, he went” or 2) “In his spiritual existence, he went.” Possible meanings are (1) “By the Holy Spirit’s power, he went” or (2) “In his spiritual existence, he went.”
194 1PE 3 19 ez3d τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν 1 the spirits who are now in prison Possible meanings of the word “spirits” are 1) “evil spirits” or 2) “spirits of the dead people.” Possible meanings of the word “spirits” are (1) “evil spirits” or (2) “spirits of the dead people.”
195 1PE 3 20 s7qm figs-personification ὅτε ἀπεξεδέχετο ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ μακροθυμία 1 when the patience of God was waiting The word “patience” is a metonym for God himself. Peter writes of God’s patience as if it is a person. Alternate translation: “when God was waiting patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196 1PE 3 20 c6mi figs-activepassive ἐν ἡμέραις Νῶε, κατασκευαζομένης κιβωτοῦ 1 in the days of Noah, in the days of the building of an ark This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “during the time of Noah, when he was building an ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
197 1PE 3 21 jti3 δι’ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through the resurrection of Jesus Christ “because of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.” This phrase completes the thought, “This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now.”
207 1PE 4 3 rp5p κώμοις, πότοις 1 drunken celebrations, having wild parties These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner.
208 1PE 4 4 q6k6 τῆς ἀσωτίας ἀνάχυσιν 1 floods of reckless behavior These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people.
209 1PE 4 4 w1d8 τῆς ἀσωτίας 1 reckless behavior doing everything they can to satisfy the desires of their bodies
210 1PE 4 5 xw39 τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι 1 the one who is ready to judge Possible meanings are 1) “God, who is ready to judge” or 2) “Christ, who is ready to judge” Possible meanings are (1) “God, who is ready to judge” or (2) “Christ, who is ready to judge”
211 1PE 4 5 dx7v figs-merism ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς 1 the living and the dead This means all people, whether they are still alive or have died. Alternate translation: “every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
212 1PE 4 6 u54m καὶ νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη 1 the gospel was preached also to the dead Possible meanings are 1) “the gospel was preached also to people who had already died” or 2) “the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead” Possible meanings are (1) “the gospel was preached also to people who had already died” or (2) “the gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead”
213 1PE 4 6 ql11 figs-activepassive εὐηγγελίσθη 1 the gospel was preached This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Christ preached. Alternate translation: “Christ preached the gospel” or 2) men preached. Alternate translation: “men preached the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Christ preached. Alternate translation: “Christ preached the gospel” or (2) men preached. Alternate translation: “men preached the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
214 1PE 4 6 hsg6 figs-activepassive κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ 1 they have been judged in the flesh as humans This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) God judged them in this life on earth. Alternate translation: “God judged them in their bodies as humans” or 2) men judged them according to human standards. Alternate translation: “men judged them in their bodies as humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) God judged them in this life on earth. Alternate translation: “God judged them in their bodies as humans” or (2) men judged them according to human standards. Alternate translation: “men judged them in their bodies as humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
215 1PE 4 6 s72f figs-euphemism κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ 1 judged in the flesh as humans This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
216 1PE 4 6 h154 ζῶσι…κατὰ Θεὸν πνεύματι 1 live in the spirit the way God does Possible meanings are 1) “live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so” or 2) “live according to God’s standards by the power of the Holy Spirit” Possible meanings are (1) “live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so” or (2) “live according to God’s standards by the power of the Holy Spirit”
217 1PE 4 7 e445 πάντων…τὸ τέλος 1 The end of all things This refers to the end of the world at Christ’s second coming.
218 1PE 4 7 qs1t figs-metaphor ἤγγικεν 1 is coming The end that will happen soon is spoken of as if it is physically coming closer in distance. Alternate translation: “will soon happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219 1PE 4 7 ubd4 figs-parallelism σωφρονήσατε…καὶ νήψατε 1 be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinking These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
220 1PE 4 7 k5hh figs-idiom νήψατε 1 be sober in your thinking Here the word “sober” refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “control your thoughts” or “be careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
221 1PE 4 8 x6ac πρὸ πάντων 1 Above all things “Most importantly of all”
222 1PE 4 8 f1lr figs-personification ὅτι ἀγάπη καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν 1 for love covers a multitude of sins Peter describes “love” as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are 1) “for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned” or 2) “for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Peter describes “love” as if it were a person who places a cover over the sins of others. Possible meanings are (1) “for a person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned” or (2) “for a person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
223 1PE 4 9 g3vw φιλόξενοι 1 Be hospitable Show kindness to and welcome guests and travelers
224 1PE 4 10 xvj3 figs-explicit ἕκαστος καθὼς ἔλαβεν χάρισμα 1 As each one of you has received a gift This refers to special spiritual abilities that God gives to believers. Alternate translation: “Because each one of you has received a special spiritual ability as a gift from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225 1PE 4 11 ir6x figs-activepassive ἵνα ἐν πᾶσιν δοξάζηται ὁ Θεὸς 1 so that in all ways God would be glorified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that in all ways you will glorify God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
265 1PE 5 9 i4ur ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ 1 in the world “in various places throughout the world”
266 1PE 5 10 eex1 0 General Information: This is the end of Peter’s letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings.
267 1PE 5 10 suu9 ὀλίγον 1 for a little while “for a short time”
268 1PE 5 10 p648 ὁ…Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 the God of all grace Here the word “grace” may refer either to the things that God gives or to God’s character. Possible meanings are 1) “the God who always gives us what we need” or 2) “the God who is always gracious.” Here the word “grace” may refer either to the things that God gives or to God’s character. Possible meanings are (1) “the God who always gives us what we need” or (2) “the God who is always gracious.”
269 1PE 5 10 lwz6 ὁ καλέσας ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἐν Χριστῷ 1 who called you to his eternal glory in Christ “who chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ”
270 1PE 5 10 qf2h καταρτίσει 1 perfect you “make you perfect” or “restore you” or “make you well again”
271 1PE 5 10 j2nt figs-metaphor σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει 1 establish you, and strengthen you These two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272 1PE 5 12 an6q διὰ Σιλουανοῦ, ὑμῖν…δι’ ὀλίγων ἔγραψα 1 I have written to you briefly through him Silvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter.
273 1PE 5 12 g1t6 figs-metonymy ταύτην εἶναι ἀληθῆ χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 what I have written is the true grace of God “I have written about the true grace of God.” Here the word “grace” refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274 1PE 5 12 nm72 figs-metaphor εἰς ἣν στῆτε 1 Stand in it The word “it” refers to “the true grace of God.” Being strongly committed to this grace is spoken of as standing firmly in one place, refusing to move. Alternate translation: “Remain strongly committed to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
275 1PE 5 13 muq7 writing-symlanguage ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι 1 The woman who is in Babylon Here “The woman” probably refers to the group of believers who live in “Babylon.” Possible meanings for “Babylon” are 1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, 2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or 3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) Here “The woman” probably refers to the group of believers who live in “Babylon.” Possible meanings for “Babylon” are (1) it is a symbol for the city of Rome, (2) it is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering, or (3) it refers literally to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
276 1PE 5 13 rpf5 figs-activepassive συνεκλεκτὴ 1 who is chosen together with you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has chosen as he has chosen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
277 1PE 5 13 ws2x figs-metaphor ὁ υἱός μου 1 my son Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual son. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son” or “who is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278 1PE 5 14 fc7b φιλήματι ἀγάπης 1 a kiss of love “a loving kiss” or “a kiss to show your love for each other”

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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 1 9 h6fn figs-metaphor τυφλός ἐστιν μυωπάζων 1 is so nearsighted that he is blind Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: “is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 9 gq4d figs-abstractnouns τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν 1 he has been cleansed from his past sins You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: “that God has cleansed him from his old sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 1 10 raa1 figs-doublet βεβαίαν ὑμῶν τὴν κλῆσιν καὶ ἐκλογὴν ποιεῖσθαι 1 make your calling and election sure The words “calling” and “election” share similar meanings and refer to God’s choosing them to belong to him. Alternate translation: “make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE 1 10 jcv9 figs-metaphor οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ 1 you will not stumble Here the word “stumble” refers either to 1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or 2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 10 jcv9 figs-metaphor οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ 1 you will not stumble Here the word “stumble” refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 11 f45v figs-activepassive πλουσίως ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον βασιλείαν 1 there will be richly provided for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 1 11 k1e4 ἡ εἴσοδος 1 an entrance the opportunity to enter
2PE 1 12 du69 0 Connecting Statement: Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them.
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 1 16 k3rm 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy.
2PE 1 16 vc99 figs-exclusive οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 For we did not follow cleverly invented myths Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 16 jwy8 figs-hendiadys τὴν…δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν 1 the power and the coming These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the powerful coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2PE 1 16 zs6v τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν 1 the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or 2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
2PE 1 16 zs6v τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν 1 the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are (1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or (2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
2PE 1 16 v4kd figs-inclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 our Lord Jesus Christ Here the word “our” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2PE 1 17 m33h figs-activepassive φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ…ὑπὸ τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 when a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he heard a voice come from the Majestic Glory” or “when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him” or “when the Majestic Glory spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 1 17 yd8g figs-metonymy τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 the Majestic Glory saying Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 1 19 kc3l figs-metaphor φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 the morning star rises in your hearts Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 1 19 bl8s φωσφόρος 1 the morning star The “morning star” refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near.
2PE 1 20 wcn9 τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες 1 Above all, you must understand “Most importantly, you must understand”
2PE 1 20 s4k2 προφητεία…ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται 1 no prophecy comes from someone’s own interpretation Possible meanings are 1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or 2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or 3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
2PE 1 20 s4k2 προφητεία…ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται 1 no prophecy comes from someone’s own interpretation Possible meanings are (1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or (2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or (3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
2PE 1 21 mh2s figs-metaphor ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι, ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 1 men spoke from God when they were carried along by the Holy Spirit Peter speaks of the Holy Spirit helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit was carrying them from one place to another. Alternate translation: “men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit directed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 intro mv79 0 # 2 Peter 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. “Flesh” represents the human nature that rejects all things godly and desires what is sinful. This is the condition of all humans before they receive the Holy Spirit by believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>### Implicit information<br>There are several analogies in 2:4-8 that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
2PE 2 1 us8u 0 General Information: Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 2 4 pr13 οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 did not spare “did not refrain from punishing” or “punished”
2PE 2 4 b54v translate-names ταρταρώσας 1 he handed them down to Tartarus The word “Tartarus” is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. Alternate translation: “he cast them into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2PE 2 4 h7uj figs-activepassive σειροῖς ζόφου…τηρουμένους 1 to be kept in chains of lower darkness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 2 4 uzy2 figs-metaphor σειροῖς ζόφου 1 in chains of lower darkness Possible meanings are 1) “in chains in a very dark place” or 2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 4 uzy2 figs-metaphor σειροῖς ζόφου 1 in chains of lower darkness Possible meanings are (1) “in chains in a very dark place” or (2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 4 c2ak εἰς κρίσιν 1 until the judgment This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person.
2PE 2 5 hpv7 figs-metonymy ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 he did not spare the ancient world Here the word “world” refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 5 iw5v ὄγδοον, Νῶε…ἐφύλαξεν 1 he preserved Noah…along with seven others God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world.
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 2 10 esb2 αὐθάδεις 1 self-willed “do whatever they want to do”
2PE 2 10 s7l1 δόξας 1 the glorious ones This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons.
2PE 2 11 u2jk ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες 1 greater strength and power “more strength and power than the false teachers”
2PE 2 11 v1qt οὐ φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν 1 they do not bring insulting judgments against them The word “they” refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word “them” are 1) the glorious ones or 2) the false teachers.
2PE 2 11 v1qt οὐ φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν 1 they do not bring insulting judgments against them The word “they” refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word “them” are (1) the glorious ones or (2) the false teachers.
2PE 2 11 zi6p figs-metaphor φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν 1 bring insulting judgments against them The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 12 y4bl figs-metaphor οὗτοι…ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα, γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν 1 these unreasoning animals are naturally made for capture and destruction. Just as animals cannot reason, these men cannot be reasoned with. Alternate translation: “these false teachers are like unreasoning animals who are made to be captured and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 12 ipd4 ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες 1 They do not know what they insult They speak evil of what they do not know or understand.
@ -155,13 +155,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 3 10 c5m1 figs-personification ἥξει…ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης 1 the day of the Lord will come as a thief Peter speaks of the day when God will judge everyone as if it were a thief who will unexpectedly and take people by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2PE 3 10 k31z οἱ οὐρανοὶ…παρελεύσονται 1 The heavens will pass away “The heavens will disappear”
2PE 3 10 z32k figs-activepassive στοιχεῖα…καυσούμενα λυθήσεται 1 The elements will be burned with fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will burn the elements with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 10 zgd3 στοιχεῖα 1 The elements Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water.
2PE 3 10 zgd3 στοιχεῖα 1 The elements Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water.
2PE 3 10 j1gj figs-activepassive γῆ καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα εὑρεθήσεται 1 the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed God will see all the earth and all the deeds of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 11 buq4 0 Connecting Statement: Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord.
2PE 3 11 nq63 figs-activepassive τούτων οὕτως πάντων λυομένων 1 Since all these things will be destroyed in this way This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Since God will destroy all these things in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 11 t8wx figs-rquestion ποταποὺς δεῖ ὑπάρχειν? 1 what kind of people should you be? Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they “should live holy and godly lives.” Alternate translation: “you know what kind of people you should be.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2PE 3 12 rq9g figs-activepassive οὐρανοὶ πυρούμενοι, λυθήσονται, καὶ στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα, τήκεται 1 the heavens will be destroyed by fire, and the elements will be melted in great heat This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 12 v15i στοιχεῖα 1 the elements Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](../03/10.md).
2PE 3 12 v15i στοιχεῖα 1 the elements Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](../03/10.md).
2PE 3 13 df3v figs-personification ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ 1 where righteousness will dwell Peter speaks of “righteousness” as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “where righteous people will dwell” or “where people will live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 3 14 fj1l figs-activepassive σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι αὐτῷ εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1 do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 14 s141 figs-doublet ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι 1 spotless and blameless The words “spotless” and “blameless” mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
26 2PE 1 9 h6fn figs-metaphor τυφλός ἐστιν μυωπάζων 1 is so nearsighted that he is blind Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: “is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27 2PE 1 9 gq4d figs-abstractnouns τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν 1 he has been cleansed from his past sins You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: “that God has cleansed him from his old sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28 2PE 1 10 raa1 figs-doublet βεβαίαν ὑμῶν τὴν κλῆσιν καὶ ἐκλογὴν ποιεῖσθαι 1 make your calling and election sure The words “calling” and “election” share similar meanings and refer to God’s choosing them to belong to him. Alternate translation: “make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
29 2PE 1 10 jcv9 figs-metaphor οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ 1 you will not stumble Here the word “stumble” refers either to 1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or 2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here the word “stumble” refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30 2PE 1 11 f45v figs-activepassive πλουσίως ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον βασιλείαν 1 there will be richly provided for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
31 2PE 1 11 k1e4 ἡ εἴσοδος 1 an entrance the opportunity to enter
32 2PE 1 12 du69 0 Connecting Statement: Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them.
39 2PE 1 16 k3rm 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy.
40 2PE 1 16 vc99 figs-exclusive οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 For we did not follow cleverly invented myths Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
41 2PE 1 16 jwy8 figs-hendiadys τὴν…δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν 1 the power and the coming These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the powerful coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
42 2PE 1 16 zs6v τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν 1 the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or 2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus. Possible meanings are (1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or (2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
43 2PE 1 16 v4kd figs-inclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 our Lord Jesus Christ Here the word “our” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
44 2PE 1 17 m33h figs-activepassive φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ…ὑπὸ τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 when a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he heard a voice come from the Majestic Glory” or “when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him” or “when the Majestic Glory spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
45 2PE 1 17 yd8g figs-metonymy τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 the Majestic Glory saying Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
55 2PE 1 19 kc3l figs-metaphor φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 the morning star rises in your hearts Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56 2PE 1 19 bl8s φωσφόρος 1 the morning star The “morning star” refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near.
57 2PE 1 20 wcn9 τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες 1 Above all, you must understand “Most importantly, you must understand”
58 2PE 1 20 s4k2 προφητεία…ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται 1 no prophecy comes from someone’s own interpretation Possible meanings are 1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or 2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or 3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers. Possible meanings are (1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or (2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or (3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
59 2PE 1 21 mh2s figs-metaphor ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι, ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 1 men spoke from God when they were carried along by the Holy Spirit Peter speaks of the Holy Spirit helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit was carrying them from one place to another. Alternate translation: “men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit directed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 2PE 2 intro mv79 0 # 2 Peter 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. “Flesh” represents the human nature that rejects all things godly and desires what is sinful. This is the condition of all humans before they receive the Holy Spirit by believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>### Implicit information<br>There are several analogies in 2:4-8 that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
61 2PE 2 1 us8u 0 General Information: Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
71 2PE 2 4 pr13 οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 did not spare “did not refrain from punishing” or “punished”
72 2PE 2 4 b54v translate-names ταρταρώσας 1 he handed them down to Tartarus The word “Tartarus” is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. Alternate translation: “he cast them into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73 2PE 2 4 h7uj figs-activepassive σειροῖς ζόφου…τηρουμένους 1 to be kept in chains of lower darkness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74 2PE 2 4 uzy2 figs-metaphor σειροῖς ζόφου 1 in chains of lower darkness Possible meanings are 1) “in chains in a very dark place” or 2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “in chains in a very dark place” or (2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 2PE 2 4 c2ak εἰς κρίσιν 1 until the judgment This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person.
76 2PE 2 5 hpv7 figs-metonymy ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 he did not spare the ancient world Here the word “world” refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77 2PE 2 5 iw5v ὄγδοον, Νῶε…ἐφύλαξεν 1 he preserved Noah…along with seven others God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world.
90 2PE 2 10 esb2 αὐθάδεις 1 self-willed “do whatever they want to do”
91 2PE 2 10 s7l1 δόξας 1 the glorious ones This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons.
92 2PE 2 11 u2jk ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες 1 greater strength and power “more strength and power than the false teachers”
93 2PE 2 11 v1qt οὐ φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν 1 they do not bring insulting judgments against them The word “they” refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word “them” are 1) the glorious ones or 2) the false teachers. The word “they” refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word “them” are (1) the glorious ones or (2) the false teachers.
94 2PE 2 11 zi6p figs-metaphor φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν 1 bring insulting judgments against them The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95 2PE 2 12 y4bl figs-metaphor οὗτοι…ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα, γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν 1 these unreasoning animals are naturally made for capture and destruction. Just as animals cannot reason, these men cannot be reasoned with. Alternate translation: “these false teachers are like unreasoning animals who are made to be captured and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96 2PE 2 12 ipd4 ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες 1 They do not know what they insult They speak evil of what they do not know or understand.
155 2PE 3 10 c5m1 figs-personification ἥξει…ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης 1 the day of the Lord will come as a thief Peter speaks of the day when God will judge everyone as if it were a thief who will unexpectedly and take people by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
156 2PE 3 10 k31z οἱ οὐρανοὶ…παρελεύσονται 1 The heavens will pass away “The heavens will disappear”
157 2PE 3 10 z32k figs-activepassive στοιχεῖα…καυσούμενα λυθήσεται 1 The elements will be burned with fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will burn the elements with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158 2PE 3 10 zgd3 στοιχεῖα 1 The elements Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water.
159 2PE 3 10 j1gj figs-activepassive γῆ καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα εὑρεθήσεται 1 the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed God will see all the earth and all the deeds of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
160 2PE 3 11 buq4 0 Connecting Statement: Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord.
161 2PE 3 11 nq63 figs-activepassive τούτων οὕτως πάντων λυομένων 1 Since all these things will be destroyed in this way This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Since God will destroy all these things in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
162 2PE 3 11 t8wx figs-rquestion ποταποὺς δεῖ ὑπάρχειν? 1 what kind of people should you be? Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they “should live holy and godly lives.” Alternate translation: “you know what kind of people you should be.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
163 2PE 3 12 rq9g figs-activepassive οὐρανοὶ πυρούμενοι, λυθήσονται, καὶ στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα, τήκεται 1 the heavens will be destroyed by fire, and the elements will be melted in great heat This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
164 2PE 3 12 v15i στοιχεῖα 1 the elements Possible meanings are 1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or 2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](../03/10.md). Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](../03/10.md).
165 2PE 3 13 df3v figs-personification ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ 1 where righteousness will dwell Peter speaks of “righteousness” as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “where righteous people will dwell” or “where people will live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166 2PE 3 14 fj1l figs-activepassive σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι αὐτῷ εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1 do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
167 2PE 3 14 s141 figs-doublet ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι 1 spotless and blameless The words “spotless” and “blameless” mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1JN 2 4 qt4e τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ 1 his commandments “what God tells him to do”
1JN 2 4 cj84 figs-metaphor ἐν τούτῳ ἡ ἀλήθεια οὐκ ἔστιν 1 the truth is not in him The truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be inside the believers. Alternate translation: “he does not believe what God says is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 2 5 aqa4 figs-idiom τηρῇ αὐτοῦ τὸν λόγον 1 keeps his word To keep someone’s word here is an idiom for to obey. Alternate translation: “does what God tells him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1JN 2 5 x88p figs-possession ἀληθῶς ἐν τούτῳ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ τετελείωται 1 in him truly the love of God has been perfected This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “the love of God” refers to a person loving God, and “perfected” represents completely or fully. Alternate translation: “it is that person who loves God completely” or 2) “the love of God” refers to God loving people, and “perfected” represents completing its purpose. Alternate translation: “God’s love has achieved its purpose in that person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1JN 2 5 x88p figs-possession ἀληθῶς ἐν τούτῳ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ τετελείωται 1 in him truly the love of God has been perfected This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “the love of God” refers to a person loving God, and “perfected” represents completely or fully. Alternate translation: “it is that person who loves God completely” or (2) “the love of God” refers to God loving people, and “perfected” represents completing its purpose. Alternate translation: “God’s love has achieved its purpose in that person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1JN 2 5 b688 figs-metaphor ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐσμεν 1 By this we know that we are in him The phrase “we are in him” means that the believer has fellowship with God. Alternate translation: “When we obey what God says, we can be certain that we have fellowship with him” or “By this we know that are joined to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 2 6 u6lu figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτῷ μένειν 1 remains in God To remain in God means to continue to have fellowship with God. Alternate translation: “continues to have fellowship with God” or “stays joined to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 2 6 x5n1 figs-metaphor ὀφείλει καθὼς ἐκεῖνος περιεπάτησεν, καὶ αὐτὸς περιπατεῖν 1 should himself also walk just as he walked Conducting one’s life is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “must live as he lived” or “should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1JN 3 1 gl8n ἴδετε ποταπὴν ἀγάπην δέδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Πατὴρ 1 See what kind of love the Father has given to us “Think about how our Father loves us so much”
1JN 3 1 x99a τέκνα Θεοῦ κληθῶμεν 1 we should be called children of God “the Father called us his children”
1JN 3 1 c3z8 τέκνα Θεοῦ 1 children of God Here this means people who belong to God through faith in Jesus.
1JN 3 1 fq4t διὰ τοῦτο, ὁ κόσμος οὐ γινώσκει ἡμᾶς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτόν 1 For this reason, the world does not know us, because it did not know him Possible meanings are 1) “Because we are the children of God and because the world did not know God, it does not know us” or 2) “Because the world did not know God, it does not know us.”
1JN 3 1 fq4t διὰ τοῦτο, ὁ κόσμος οὐ γινώσκει ἡμᾶς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτόν 1 For this reason, the world does not know us, because it did not know him Possible meanings are (1) “Because we are the children of God and because the world did not know God, it does not know us” or (2) “Because the world did not know God, it does not know us.”
1JN 3 1 l5e7 figs-metonymy ὁ κόσμος οὐ γινώσκει ἡμᾶς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτόν 1 the world does not know us, because it did not know him Here “the world” refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: Alternate translation: “those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1JN 3 2 ek9v ἀγαπητοί…ἐσμεν 1 Beloved, we are “You people whom I love, we are” or “Dear friends, we are.” See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md).
1JN 3 2 anq1 figs-activepassive οὔπω ἐφανερώθη 1 it has not yet been revealed This can be stated in active form: Alternate translation: “God has not yet revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1JN 4 4 w1yr figs-metaphor τεκνία 1 dear children John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “my dear children in Christ” or “you who are as dear to me as my own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 4 4 avj3 νενικήκατε αὐτούς 1 have overcome them “have not believed the false teachers”
1JN 4 4 j5ve ἐστὶν ὁ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 the one who is in you is “God, who is in you, is”
1JN 4 4 tp4q figs-metonymy ὁ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ 1 the one who is in the world Two possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan. Alternate translation: “Satan, who is in the world” or “Satan, who works through those who do not obey God” or 2) this refers to worldly teachers. Alternate translation: “worldly teachers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1JN 4 4 tp4q figs-metonymy ὁ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ 1 the one who is in the world Two possible meanings are (1) this refers to Satan. Alternate translation: “Satan, who is in the world” or “Satan, who works through those who do not obey God” or (2) this refers to worldly teachers. Alternate translation: “worldly teachers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1JN 4 5 y2z8 figs-metonymy αὐτοὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου εἰσίν 1 They are from the world The words “are from” are a metaphor for “receive their power and authority.” “The world” is a metonym ultimately for “the one who is in the world,” Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1JN 4 5 jy2h figs-metonymy διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου λαλοῦσιν 1 therefore what they say is from the world “The world” here is a metonym ultimately for “the one who is in the world,” Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. Alternate translation: “therefore they teach what they have learned from sinful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1JN 4 5 em2t figs-metonymy καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτῶν ἀκούει 1 and the world listens to them The words “the world” are a metonym for people who do not obey God. Alternate translation: “so the people who do not obey God listen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1JN 4 16 t5am figs-metaphor ὁ Θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν 1 God is love This is a metaphor which means “the character of God is love.” See how you translated this in [1 John 4:8](../04/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 4 16 dyr6 ὁ μένων ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 the one who remains in this love “those who continue to love others”
1JN 4 16 fz29 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ Θεῷ μένει, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐν αὐτῷ μένει 1 remains in God, and God remains in him To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated “remains in God” in [1 John 2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “continues to have fellowship with God, and God continues to have fellowship with him” or “stays joined with God, and God stays joined with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 4 17 ypv4 figs-activepassive ἐν τούτῳ τετελείωται ἡ ἀγάπη μεθ’ ἡμῶν, ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν 1 Because of this, this love has been made perfect among us, so that we will have confidence This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “Because of this” refers back to [1 John 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “Because whoever lives in love is in God and God is in him, God has made his love for us complete, and so we may have complete confidence” or 2) “Because of this” refers to “we may have confidence.” Alternate translation: “We are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, so we know he has made his love for us complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1JN 4 17 ypv4 figs-activepassive ἐν τούτῳ τετελείωται ἡ ἀγάπη μεθ’ ἡμῶν, ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν 1 Because of this, this love has been made perfect among us, so that we will have confidence This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “Because of this” refers back to [1 John 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “Because whoever lives in love is in God and God is in him, God has made his love for us complete, and so we may have complete confidence” or (2) “Because of this” refers to “we may have confidence.” Alternate translation: “We are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, so we know he has made his love for us complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1JN 4 17 m76g figs-activepassive ἐν τούτῳ τετελείωται ἡ ἀγάπη μεθ’ ἡμῶν 1 this love has been made perfect among us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has made his love for us complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1JN 4 17 l78r ὅτι καθὼς ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ 1 because as he is, just so are we in this world “because the relationship that Jesus has with God is the same relationship we have with God in this world”
1JN 4 18 bu17 figs-personification ἀλλ’ ἡ τελεία ἀγάπη ἔξω βάλλει τὸν φόβον 1 Instead, perfect love throws out fear Here “love” is described as a person with the power to remove fear. God’s love is perfect. Alternate translation: “But when our love is complete, we are no longer afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1JN 5 20 n1nh δέδωκεν ἡμῖν διάνοιαν 1 has given us understanding “has enabled us to understand the truth”
1JN 5 20 ge7c figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἐν τῷ Ἀληθινῷ 1 we are in him who is true Being “in” someone represents having a close relationship with him, that is being united to him or belonging to him. The phrase “him who is true” refers to the true God, and the phrase “in his Son Jesus Christ” explains how we are in him who is true. Alternate translation: “we are united to him who is true by being united to his Son Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 5 20 hvr7 τὸν Ἀληθινόν 1 him who is true “the true one” or “the real God”
1JN 5 20 w5yl οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεὸς 1 This one is the true God Possible meanings are 1) “This one” refers to Jesus Christ, or 2) “This one” refers to the one true God.
1JN 5 20 w5yl οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεὸς 1 This one is the true God Possible meanings are (1) “This one” refers to Jesus Christ, or (2) “This one” refers to the one true God.
1JN 5 20 dz3s figs-metonymy καὶ ζωὴ αἰώνιος 1 and eternal life He is called “eternal life” becasue he gives us eternal life. Alternate translation: “and the one who gives eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1JN 5 21 i3rw figs-metaphor τεκνία 1 Children John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “My dear children in Christ” or “You who are as dear to me as my own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1JN 5 21 hn4y φυλάξατε ἑαυτὰ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων 1 keep yourselves from idols “stay away from idols” or “do not worship idols”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
49 1JN 2 4 qt4e τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ 1 his commandments “what God tells him to do”
50 1JN 2 4 cj84 figs-metaphor ἐν τούτῳ ἡ ἀλήθεια οὐκ ἔστιν 1 the truth is not in him The truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be inside the believers. Alternate translation: “he does not believe what God says is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51 1JN 2 5 aqa4 figs-idiom τηρῇ αὐτοῦ τὸν λόγον 1 keeps his word To keep someone’s word here is an idiom for to obey. Alternate translation: “does what God tells him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
52 1JN 2 5 x88p figs-possession ἀληθῶς ἐν τούτῳ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ τετελείωται 1 in him truly the love of God has been perfected This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “the love of God” refers to a person loving God, and “perfected” represents completely or fully. Alternate translation: “it is that person who loves God completely” or 2) “the love of God” refers to God loving people, and “perfected” represents completing its purpose. Alternate translation: “God’s love has achieved its purpose in that person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “the love of God” refers to a person loving God, and “perfected” represents completely or fully. Alternate translation: “it is that person who loves God completely” or (2) “the love of God” refers to God loving people, and “perfected” represents completing its purpose. Alternate translation: “God’s love has achieved its purpose in that person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
53 1JN 2 5 b688 figs-metaphor ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐσμεν 1 By this we know that we are in him The phrase “we are in him” means that the believer has fellowship with God. Alternate translation: “When we obey what God says, we can be certain that we have fellowship with him” or “By this we know that are joined to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54 1JN 2 6 u6lu figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτῷ μένειν 1 remains in God To remain in God means to continue to have fellowship with God. Alternate translation: “continues to have fellowship with God” or “stays joined to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55 1JN 2 6 x5n1 figs-metaphor ὀφείλει καθὼς ἐκεῖνος περιεπάτησεν, καὶ αὐτὸς περιπατεῖν 1 should himself also walk just as he walked Conducting one’s life is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “must live as he lived” or “should also obey God just as Jesus Christ did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133 1JN 3 1 gl8n ἴδετε ποταπὴν ἀγάπην δέδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Πατὴρ 1 See what kind of love the Father has given to us “Think about how our Father loves us so much”
134 1JN 3 1 x99a τέκνα Θεοῦ κληθῶμεν 1 we should be called children of God “the Father called us his children”
135 1JN 3 1 c3z8 τέκνα Θεοῦ 1 children of God Here this means people who belong to God through faith in Jesus.
136 1JN 3 1 fq4t διὰ τοῦτο, ὁ κόσμος οὐ γινώσκει ἡμᾶς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτόν 1 For this reason, the world does not know us, because it did not know him Possible meanings are 1) “Because we are the children of God and because the world did not know God, it does not know us” or 2) “Because the world did not know God, it does not know us.” Possible meanings are (1) “Because we are the children of God and because the world did not know God, it does not know us” or (2) “Because the world did not know God, it does not know us.”
137 1JN 3 1 l5e7 figs-metonymy ὁ κόσμος οὐ γινώσκει ἡμᾶς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτόν 1 the world does not know us, because it did not know him Here “the world” refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: Alternate translation: “those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
138 1JN 3 2 ek9v ἀγαπητοί…ἐσμεν 1 Beloved, we are “You people whom I love, we are” or “Dear friends, we are.” See how you translated this in [1 John 2:7](../02/07.md).
139 1JN 3 2 anq1 figs-activepassive οὔπω ἐφανερώθη 1 it has not yet been revealed This can be stated in active form: Alternate translation: “God has not yet revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
196 1JN 4 4 w1yr figs-metaphor τεκνία 1 dear children John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “my dear children in Christ” or “you who are as dear to me as my own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197 1JN 4 4 avj3 νενικήκατε αὐτούς 1 have overcome them “have not believed the false teachers”
198 1JN 4 4 j5ve ἐστὶν ὁ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 the one who is in you is “God, who is in you, is”
199 1JN 4 4 tp4q figs-metonymy ὁ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ 1 the one who is in the world Two possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan. Alternate translation: “Satan, who is in the world” or “Satan, who works through those who do not obey God” or 2) this refers to worldly teachers. Alternate translation: “worldly teachers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Two possible meanings are (1) this refers to Satan. Alternate translation: “Satan, who is in the world” or “Satan, who works through those who do not obey God” or (2) this refers to worldly teachers. Alternate translation: “worldly teachers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200 1JN 4 5 y2z8 figs-metonymy αὐτοὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου εἰσίν 1 They are from the world The words “are from” are a metaphor for “receive their power and authority.” “The world” is a metonym ultimately for “the one who is in the world,” Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
201 1JN 4 5 jy2h figs-metonymy διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου λαλοῦσιν 1 therefore what they say is from the world “The world” here is a metonym ultimately for “the one who is in the world,” Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. Alternate translation: “therefore they teach what they have learned from sinful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
202 1JN 4 5 em2t figs-metonymy καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτῶν ἀκούει 1 and the world listens to them The words “the world” are a metonym for people who do not obey God. Alternate translation: “so the people who do not obey God listen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230 1JN 4 16 t5am figs-metaphor ὁ Θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν 1 God is love This is a metaphor which means “the character of God is love.” See how you translated this in [1 John 4:8](../04/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231 1JN 4 16 dyr6 ὁ μένων ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 the one who remains in this love “those who continue to love others”
232 1JN 4 16 fz29 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ Θεῷ μένει, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐν αὐτῷ μένει 1 remains in God, and God remains in him To remain in someone means to continue to have fellowship with him. See how you translated “remains in God” in [1 John 2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “continues to have fellowship with God, and God continues to have fellowship with him” or “stays joined with God, and God stays joined with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233 1JN 4 17 ypv4 figs-activepassive ἐν τούτῳ τετελείωται ἡ ἀγάπη μεθ’ ἡμῶν, ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν 1 Because of this, this love has been made perfect among us, so that we will have confidence This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “Because of this” refers back to [1 John 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “Because whoever lives in love is in God and God is in him, God has made his love for us complete, and so we may have complete confidence” or 2) “Because of this” refers to “we may have confidence.” Alternate translation: “We are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, so we know he has made his love for us complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “Because of this” refers back to [1 John 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “Because whoever lives in love is in God and God is in him, God has made his love for us complete, and so we may have complete confidence” or (2) “Because of this” refers to “we may have confidence.” Alternate translation: “We are confident that God will accept us on the day he judges everyone, so we know he has made his love for us complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
234 1JN 4 17 m76g figs-activepassive ἐν τούτῳ τετελείωται ἡ ἀγάπη μεθ’ ἡμῶν 1 this love has been made perfect among us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has made his love for us complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
235 1JN 4 17 l78r ὅτι καθὼς ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ 1 because as he is, just so are we in this world “because the relationship that Jesus has with God is the same relationship we have with God in this world”
236 1JN 4 18 bu17 figs-personification ἀλλ’ ἡ τελεία ἀγάπη ἔξω βάλλει τὸν φόβον 1 Instead, perfect love throws out fear Here “love” is described as a person with the power to remove fear. God’s love is perfect. Alternate translation: “But when our love is complete, we are no longer afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
285 1JN 5 20 n1nh δέδωκεν ἡμῖν διάνοιαν 1 has given us understanding “has enabled us to understand the truth”
286 1JN 5 20 ge7c figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἐν τῷ Ἀληθινῷ 1 we are in him who is true Being “in” someone represents having a close relationship with him, that is being united to him or belonging to him. The phrase “him who is true” refers to the true God, and the phrase “in his Son Jesus Christ” explains how we are in him who is true. Alternate translation: “we are united to him who is true by being united to his Son Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287 1JN 5 20 hvr7 τὸν Ἀληθινόν 1 him who is true “the true one” or “the real God”
288 1JN 5 20 w5yl οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεὸς 1 This one is the true God Possible meanings are 1) “This one” refers to Jesus Christ, or 2) “This one” refers to the one true God. Possible meanings are (1) “This one” refers to Jesus Christ, or (2) “This one” refers to the one true God.
289 1JN 5 20 dz3s figs-metonymy καὶ ζωὴ αἰώνιος 1 and eternal life He is called “eternal life” becasue he gives us eternal life. Alternate translation: “and the one who gives eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
290 1JN 5 21 i3rw figs-metaphor τεκνία 1 Children John was an elderly man and their leader. He used this expression to show his love for them. See how you translated this in [1 John 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “My dear children in Christ” or “You who are as dear to me as my own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291 1JN 5 21 hn4y φυλάξατε ἑαυτὰ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων 1 keep yourselves from idols “stay away from idols” or “do not worship idols”

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en_tn_65-3JN.tsv
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
3JN 1 7 yzc8 μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες 1 receiving nothing receiving no gifts or help
3JN 1 7 hk3p τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 the Gentiles Here **Gentiles** does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus.
3JN 1 8 d2l7 ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 so that we become fellow workers for the truth **_so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people_**
3JN 1 8 ab01 figs-personification τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 for the truth “The truth” is spoken of here as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. It could mean 1) “the true message from God” as in the UST, or it could mean 2) “God, who is Truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3JN 1 8 ab01 figs-personification τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 for the truth “The truth” is spoken of here as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. It could mean (1) “the true message from God” as in the UST, or it could mean (2) “God, who is Truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3JN 1 9 tm9q τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 the church This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God.
3JN 1 9 cz9d translate-names Διοτρέφης 1 Diotrephes He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3JN 1 9 s82w ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν 1 who loves to be first among them **_who loves to be the most important one among them_** or **_who loves to act as though he’s their leader_**

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
19 3JN 1 7 yzc8 μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες 1 receiving nothing receiving no gifts or help
20 3JN 1 7 hk3p τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 the Gentiles Here **Gentiles** does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus.
21 3JN 1 8 d2l7 ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 so that we become fellow workers for the truth **_so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people_**
22 3JN 1 8 ab01 figs-personification τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 for the truth “The truth” is spoken of here as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. It could mean 1) “the true message from God” as in the UST, or it could mean 2) “God, who is Truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) “The truth” is spoken of here as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. It could mean (1) “the true message from God” as in the UST, or it could mean (2) “God, who is Truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 3JN 1 9 tm9q τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 the church This refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God.
24 3JN 1 9 cz9d translate-names Διοτρέφης 1 Diotrephes He was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
25 3JN 1 9 s82w ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν 1 who loves to be first among them **_who loves to be the most important one among them_** or **_who loves to act as though he’s their leader_**

4
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ JUD 1 3 j67u ἅπαξ 1 once for all “finally and completely”
JUD 1 4 v94i παρεισέδυσαν γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι 1 For certain men have slipped in secretly among you “For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves”
JUD 1 4 wwz3 figs-activepassive οἱ…προγεγραμμένοι εἰς…τὸ κρίμα 1 men who were marked out for condemnation This can also be put into the active voice. Alternate translation: “men whom God chose to condemn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JUD 1 4 c642 figs-metaphor τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα μετατιθέντες εἰς ἀσέλγειαν 1 who have changed the grace of our God into sensuality God’s grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. Alternate translation: “who teach that God’s grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 4 ws1b τὸν μόνον Δεσπότην καὶ Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, ἀρνούμενοι 1 deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) they teach that he is not God or 2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ.
JUD 1 4 ws1b τὸν μόνον Δεσπότην καὶ Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, ἀρνούμενοι 1 deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ Possible meanings are (1) they teach that he is not God or (2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ.
JUD 1 5 fa5e 0 Connecting Statement: Jude gives examples from the past of those who did not follow the Lord.
JUD 1 5 f4mm Ἰησοῦς λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου σώσας 1 Jesus saved a people out of the land of Egypt “the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt”
JUD 1 6 pt1k τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχὴν 1 their own position of authority “the responsibilities God entrusted to them”
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ JUD 1 9 uzj1 οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν…ἐπενεγκεῖν 1 did not dar
JUD 1 9 kib4 κρίσιν…βλασφημίας 1 a slanderous judgment “an evil-speaking judgment” or “an evil judgment”
JUD 1 9 v9fh κρίσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασφημίας 1 bring a slanderous judgment against “say evil, untrue things about”
JUD 1 10 h6sq οὗτοι 1 these people the ungodly people
JUD 1 10 fjm5 ὅσα μὲν οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 whatever they do not understand “anything of which they do not know the meaning.” Possible meanings are 1) “everything good that they do not understand” or 2) “the glorious ones, which they do not understand” ([Jude 1:8](../01/08.md)).
JUD 1 10 fjm5 ὅσα μὲν οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 whatever they do not understand “anything of which they do not know the meaning.” Possible meanings are (1) “everything good that they do not understand” or (2) “the glorious ones, which they do not understand” ([Jude 1:8](../01/08.md)).
JUD 1 11 j3g9 figs-metaphor τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν ἐπορεύθησαν 1 walked in the way of Cain “Walked in the way” here is a metaphor for “lived in the same way as.” Alternate translation: “lived the same way Cain lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 12 s4az 0 Connecting Statement: Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them.
JUD 1 12 r875 οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ 1 These are the ones The word “These” refers to the “ungodly men” of [Jude 1:4](../01/04.md).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
13 JUD 1 4 v94i παρεισέδυσαν γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι 1 For certain men have slipped in secretly among you “For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves”
14 JUD 1 4 wwz3 figs-activepassive οἱ…προγεγραμμένοι εἰς…τὸ κρίμα 1 men who were marked out for condemnation This can also be put into the active voice. Alternate translation: “men whom God chose to condemn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15 JUD 1 4 c642 figs-metaphor τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα μετατιθέντες εἰς ἀσέλγειαν 1 who have changed the grace of our God into sensuality God’s grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. Alternate translation: “who teach that God’s grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16 JUD 1 4 ws1b τὸν μόνον Δεσπότην καὶ Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, ἀρνούμενοι 1 deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) they teach that he is not God or 2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ. Possible meanings are (1) they teach that he is not God or (2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ.
17 JUD 1 5 fa5e 0 Connecting Statement: Jude gives examples from the past of those who did not follow the Lord.
18 JUD 1 5 f4mm Ἰησοῦς λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου σώσας 1 Jesus saved a people out of the land of Egypt “the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt”
19 JUD 1 6 pt1k τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχὴν 1 their own position of authority “the responsibilities God entrusted to them”
32 JUD 1 9 kib4 κρίσιν…βλασφημίας 1 a slanderous judgment “an evil-speaking judgment” or “an evil judgment”
33 JUD 1 9 v9fh κρίσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασφημίας 1 bring a slanderous judgment against “say evil, untrue things about”
34 JUD 1 10 h6sq οὗτοι 1 these people the ungodly people
35 JUD 1 10 fjm5 ὅσα μὲν οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 whatever they do not understand “anything of which they do not know the meaning.” Possible meanings are 1) “everything good that they do not understand” or 2) “the glorious ones, which they do not understand” ([Jude 1:8](../01/08.md)). “anything of which they do not know the meaning.” Possible meanings are (1) “everything good that they do not understand” or (2) “the glorious ones, which they do not understand” ([Jude 1:8](../01/08.md)).
36 JUD 1 11 j3g9 figs-metaphor τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν ἐπορεύθησαν 1 walked in the way of Cain “Walked in the way” here is a metaphor for “lived in the same way as.” Alternate translation: “lived the same way Cain lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37 JUD 1 12 s4az 0 Connecting Statement: Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them.
38 JUD 1 12 r875 οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ 1 These are the ones The word “These” refers to the “ungodly men” of [Jude 1:4](../01/04.md).

102
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ REV 1 1 x8bu ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι ἐν τάχει 1 what must soon tak
REV 1 1 kez4 ἐσήμανεν 1 made it known “communicated it”
REV 1 1 pb4u figs-123person τῷ δούλῳ αὐτοῦ, Ἰωάννῃ 1 to his servant John John wrote this book and was referring to himself here. Alternate translation: “to me, John, his servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV 1 2 va4c τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God “the message that God spoke”
REV 1 2 b5se τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the testimony of Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ” or 2) “the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself”
REV 1 2 b5se τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the testimony of Jesus Christ Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ” or (2) “the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself”
REV 1 3 le65 figs-genericnoun ὁ ἀναγινώσκων 1 the one who reads aloud This does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who reads it aloud. Alternate translation: “anyone who reads aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV 1 3 h37b figs-activepassive τηροῦντες τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ γεγραμμένα 1 obey what is written in it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “obey what John has written in it” or “obey what they read in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 1 3 dwt8 ὁ…καιρὸς ἐγγύς 1 the time is near “the things that must happen will soon happen”
@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ REV 1 5 u6v7 λύσαντι ἡμᾶς 1 has released us “has set us free”
REV 1 6 a4mq ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς βασιλείαν, ἱερεῖς 1 has made us a kingdom, priests “has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests”
REV 1 6 ne7x τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί αὐτοῦ 1 his God and Father This is one person. Alternate translation: “God, his Father”
REV 1 6 c77q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρί 1 Father This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV 1 6 qd74 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος 1 to him be the glory and the power This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are 1) “May people honor his glory and power” or 2) “May he have glory and power.” John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV 1 6 qd74 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος 1 to him be the glory and the power This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are (1) “May people honor his glory and power” or (2) “May he have glory and power.” John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV 1 6 vc5g τὸ κράτος 1 the power This probably refers to his authority as king.
REV 1 7 ldv8 0 General Information: In verse 7, John is quoting from Daniel and Zechariah.
REV 1 7 hb4i figs-synecdoche πᾶς ὀφθαλμὸς 1 every eye Since people see with the eyes, the word “eye” is used to refer to people. Alternate translation: “every person” or “everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV 1 7 t16v καὶ οἵτινες αὐτὸν ἐξεκέντησαν 1 including those who pierced him “even those who pierced him will see him”
REV 1 7 ndf6 figs-metonymy αὐτὸν ἐξεκέντησαν 1 pierced him Jesus’ hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate translation: “killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 1 7 lqs9 ἐξεκέντησαν 1 pierced made a hole in
REV 1 8 mm9z figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or 2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 1 8 mm9z figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or (2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 1 8 in5e figs-metaphor ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1 who is to come Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 1 8 c96p writing-quotations λέγει Κύριος, ὁ Θεός 1 says the Lord God Some languages would put “The Lord God says” at the beginning or the end of the whole sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
REV 1 9 up7y 0 General Information: John explains how his vision began and the instructions the Spirit gave him.
@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ REV 1 18 a4e2 figs-metaphor ἔχω τὰς κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου
REV 1 19 u49x 0 Connecting Statement: The Son of Man continues to speak.
REV 1 20 d6ez writing-symlanguage ἀστέρων 1 stars These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 1 20 fl5d writing-symlanguage λυχνίας 1 lampstands The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 1 20 eek9 ἄγγελοι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν 1 the angels of the seven churches Possible meanings are that these “angels” are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches.
REV 1 20 eek9 ἄγγελοι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν 1 the angels of the seven churches Possible meanings are that these “angels” are (1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or (2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches.
REV 1 20 e25n ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν 1 seven churches This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md).
REV 2 intro zps2 0 # Revelation 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poverty and wealth<br><br>The Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### “The devil is about to”<br><br>People were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](../../rev/02/10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel<br><br>Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word “angel” here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.<br>
REV 2 1 mn8x 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Ephesus.
REV 2 1 kq5r τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 1 kq5r τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 1 i92a writing-symlanguage ἀστέρας 1 stars These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 2 1 ugs3 writing-symlanguage λυχνιῶν 1 lampstands The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 2 2 jg1u figs-abstractnouns οἶδα…τὸν κόπον καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου 1 I know…your hard labor and your patient endurance “Labor” and “endurance” are abstract nouns and can be translated with verbs “work” and “endure.” Alternate translation: “I know…that you work very hard and that you endure patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ REV 2 7 ft48 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since J
REV 2 7 wzg1 figs-genericnoun τῷ νικῶντι 1 the one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. Alternate translation: “anyone who resists evil” or “those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV 2 7 rmf5 τῷ Παραδείσῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the paradise of God “God’s garden.” This is a symbol for heaven.
REV 2 8 is3w 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Smyrna.
REV 2 8 ie9x τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 8 ie9x τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 8 key2 translate-names Σμύρνῃ 1 Smyrna This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 2 8 k7qk figs-merism ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος 1 the first and the last This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 2 9 p6hp figs-abstractnouns οἶδά σου τὴν θλῖψιν καὶ τὴν πτωχείαν 1 I know your sufferings and your poverty “Sufferings” and “poverty” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I know how you have suffered and how poor you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -97,21 +97,21 @@ REV 2 9 a4yu figs-metaphor συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 a synagogue
REV 2 10 agx4 figs-metonymy μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν 1 The devil is about to throw some of you into prison The words “the Devil” here are a metonym for the people who obey the devil. Alternate translation: “The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 2 10 f5t1 γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου 1 Be faithful until death “Be faithful to me even if they kill you.” The use of the word “until” does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death.
REV 2 10 sp8z τὸν στέφανον 1 the crown “the winner’s crown.” This was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete.
REV 2 10 zhj8 figs-metaphor τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς 1 the crown of life Possible meanings are 1) “a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life” or 2) “true life as a prize like a winner’s crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 2 10 zhj8 figs-metaphor τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς 1 the crown of life Possible meanings are (1) “a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life” or (2) “true life as a prize like a winner’s crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 2 11 g7zq figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one who has an ear, hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “has an ear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 2 11 dc3n figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV 2 11 s9d2 figs-genericnoun ὁ νικῶν 1 The one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Anyone who resists evil” or “Those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV 2 11 q6w2 οὐ μὴ ἀδικηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ δευτέρου 1 will not be hurt by the second death “will not experience the second death” or “will not die a second time”
REV 2 12 ll17 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Pergamum.
REV 2 12 y864 τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 12 y864 τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 12 il7c translate-names Περγάμῳ 1 Pergamum This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 2 12 f6s5 τὴν ῥομφαίαν τὴν δίστομον τὴν ὀξεῖαν 1 the sword with two sharp edges This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md)
REV 2 13 ryn6 figs-metonymy ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 Satan’s throne Possible meanings are 1) Satan’s power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 2 13 ryn6 figs-metonymy ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 Satan’s throne Possible meanings are (1) Satan’s power and evil influence on people, or (2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 2 13 tf7c figs-metaphor κρατεῖς τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 you hold on tightly to my name “Name” here is a metonym for the person. Firmly believing is spoken of as holding on tightly. Alternate translation: “you firmly believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 2 13 x6j6 figs-abstractnouns οὐκ ἠρνήσω τὴν πίστιν μου 1 you did not deny your faith in me “Faith” can be translated with the verb “believe.” AT “you continued to tell people that you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV 2 13 lu4b translate-names Ἀντιπᾶς 1 Antipas This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 2 14 wu6n ἀλλ’ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὀλίγα 1 But I have a few things against you “I disapprove of you because of a few things you have done” or “I am angry with you because of a few things you did.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](../02/04.md).
REV 2 14 rd44 figs-metaphor κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν Βαλαάμ, ὃς 1 who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who Possible meanings are 1) “who teach what Balaam taught; he” or 2) “who do what Balaam taught; he.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 2 14 rd44 figs-metaphor κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν Βαλαάμ, ὃς 1 who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who Possible meanings are (1) “who teach what Balaam taught; he” or (2) “who do what Balaam taught; he.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 2 14 j3nc translate-names τῷ Βαλὰκ 1 Balak This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 2 14 hg4g figs-metaphor ὃς ἐδίδασκεν τῷ Βαλὰκ βαλεῖν σκάνδαλον ἐνώπιον τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel Something that leads people to sin is spoken of as a stone in the road that people stumble on. Alternate translation: “who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 2 14 u19f πορνεῦσαι 1 be sexually immoral “sin sexually” or “commit sexual sin”
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ REV 2 17 lm1j figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the o
REV 2 17 m867 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV 2 17 i61b figs-genericnoun τῷ νικῶντι 1 To the one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “anyone who resists evil” or “those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV 2 18 b83m 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Thyatira.
REV 2 18 nd4m τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 18 nd4m τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 2 18 kd5v translate-names Θυατείροις 1 Thyatira This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 2 18 q3w9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV 2 18 zbx5 figs-simile ὁ ἔχων τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ὡς φλόγα πυρός 1 who has eyes like a flame of fire His eyes are describes as being full of light like a flame of fire. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “whose eyes glow like a flame of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ REV 2 24 d5i9 figs-metaphor βαθέα 1 deep things Secret things are spoken of
REV 2 26 z5xi figs-genericnoun ὁ νικῶν 1 The one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Anyone who resists evil” or “The person who does not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV 2 27 c9gu ποιμανεῖ…συντρίβεται 1 He will rule…break them into pieces This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations.
REV 2 27 w8pp figs-metaphor ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ 1 He will rule them with an iron rod Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. Alternate translation: “He will rule them harshly as if striking them with an iron stick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 2 27 ksl1 figs-simile ὡς τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικὰ συντρίβεται 1 like clay jars he will break them into pieces Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either 1) destroying evildoers or 2) defeating enemies. Alternate translation: “He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 2 28 n9ts figs-explicit ὡς κἀγὼ εἴληφα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου 1 Just as I have received from my Father Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are 1) “Just as I have received authority from my Father” or 2) “Just as I have received the morning star from my Father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 2 27 ksl1 figs-simile ὡς τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικὰ συντρίβεται 1 like clay jars he will break them into pieces Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either (1) destroying evildoers or (2) defeating enemies. Alternate translation: “He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 2 28 n9ts figs-explicit ὡς κἀγὼ εἴληφα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου 1 Just as I have received from my Father Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are (1) “Just as I have received authority from my Father” or (2) “Just as I have received the morning star from my Father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 2 28 hr39 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ πατρός μου 1 my Father This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV 2 28 c1zc καὶ δώσω αὐτῷ 1 I will also give him Here “him” refers to the one who conquers.
REV 2 28 g5iy writing-symlanguage τὸν ἀστέρα τὸν πρωϊνόν 1 morning star This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ REV 2 29 ilk8 figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the o
REV 2 29 ikm8 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV 3 intro q1l9 0 # Revelation 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 7.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>### Seven stars<br><br>These stars are the seven stars of [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking<br><br>Jesus speaks of his desire to have the Christians in Laodicea obey him as if he were a man asking people in a house to allow him to enter and eat with them ([Revelation 3:20](../../rev/03/20.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The speaker knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word “angel” here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.<br>
REV 3 1 k6b7 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Sardis.
REV 3 1 u1zs τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md).
REV 3 1 u1zs τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md).
REV 3 1 q7n9 translate-names Σάρδεσιν 1 Sardis This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 3 1 un3c writing-symlanguage ὁ ἔχων τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα 1 the seven spirits The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 3 1 t8wv writing-symlanguage τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας 1 the seven stars These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
@ -179,13 +179,13 @@ REV 3 5 bi3h guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 my Fath
REV 3 6 zxc7 figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one who has an ear, hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “has an ear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 3 6 k2k6 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV 3 7 rf9b 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia.
REV 3 7 ksg4 τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 3 7 ksg4 τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 3 7 mm6x translate-names Φιλαδελφίᾳ 1 Philadelphia This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 3 7 ih6i writing-symlanguage κλεῖν Δαυείδ 1 key of David Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David’s key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 3 7 aam6 ὁ ἀνοίγων καὶ οὐδεὶς κλείσει 1 he opens and no one shuts “he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it”
REV 3 7 pzy2 κλείων καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀνοίγει 1 he shuts and no one can open “he closes the door and no one can open it”
REV 3 8 j1x7 δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην 1 I have put before you an open door “I have opened a door for you”
REV 3 8 xyw6 ἐτήρησάς μου τὸν λόγον 1 you have obeyed my word Possible meanings are 1) “you have followed by teachings” or 2) “you have obeyed my commands”
REV 3 8 xyw6 ἐτήρησάς μου τὸν λόγον 1 you have obeyed my word Possible meanings are (1) “you have followed by teachings” or (2) “you have obeyed my commands”
REV 3 8 b3kz figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 my name The word “name” here is a metonym for the person who has that name. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 3 9 x78m figs-metaphor συναγωγῆς τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 synagogue of Satan People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 3 9 q496 translate-symaction προσκυνήσουσιν 1 bow down This is a sign of submission, not worship. Alternate translation: “bow down in submission” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ REV 3 12 px36 figs-genericnoun ὁ νικῶν, ποιήσω αὐτὸν στ
REV 3 13 u5jk figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one who has an ear, hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “has an ear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 3 13 ug5m figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV 3 14 r6bz 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Laodicea.
REV 3 14 jg3b τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 3 14 jg3b τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV 3 14 wzg9 translate-names Λαοδικίᾳ 1 Laodicea This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV 3 14 f65v ὁ Ἀμήν 1 the Amen Here “the Amen” is a name for Jesus Christ. He guarantees God’s promises by saying amen to them.
REV 3 14 btv1 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the beginning of God’s creation Possible meanings are 1) “the one who rules over everything that God created” or 2) “the one through whom God created everything.”
REV 3 15 pf9x figs-metaphor οὔτε ψυχρὸς εἶ οὔτε ζεστός 1 you are neither cold nor hot The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. Possible meanings are 1) “cold” and hot” represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where “cold” is to be completely against God, and to be “hot” is to be zealous to serve him, or 2) “cold” and “hot” both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: “you are like water that is neither cold nor hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 3 14 btv1 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the beginning of God’s creation Possible meanings are (1) “the one who rules over everything that God created” or (2) “the one through whom God created everything.”
REV 3 15 pf9x figs-metaphor οὔτε ψυχρὸς εἶ οὔτε ζεστός 1 you are neither cold nor hot The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. Possible meanings are (1) “cold” and hot” represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where “cold” is to be completely against God, and to be “hot” is to be zealous to serve him, or (2) “cold” and “hot” both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: “you are like water that is neither cold nor hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 3 16 y9vt figs-metaphor μέλλω σε ἐμέσαι ἐκ τοῦ στόματός μου 1 I am about to vomit you out of my mouth Rejecting them is spoken of as vomiting them out of the mouth. Alternate translation: “I will reject you as I would spit out lukewarm water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 3 17 v1pj figs-metaphor σὺ εἶ ὁ ταλαίπωρος, καὶ ἐλεεινὸς, καὶ πτωχὸς, καὶ τυφλὸς, καὶ γυμνός 1 you are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked Jesus speaks of their spiritual condition as if he were speaking about their physical condition. Alternate translation: “You are like people who are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 3 18 tmm7 ἀγοράσαι παρ’ ἐμοῦ χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρὸς, ἵνα πλουτήσῃς, καὶ ἱμάτια λευκὰ, ἵνα περιβάλῃ, καὶ μὴ φανερωθῇ ἡ αἰσχύνη τῆς γυμνότητός σου, καὶ κολλούριον ἐγχρῖσαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου, ἵνα βλέπῃς 1 Buy from me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and brilliant white garments so you may clothe yourself and not show the shame of your nakedness, and salve to anoint your eyes so you will see Here to “buy” represents receiving things from Jesus that have true spiritual value. The “gold refined by fire” represents spiritual wealth. The “brilliant white garments” represents rightousness. And the “salve to anoint your eyes” represents the ability to understand spiritual things. Alternate translation: “Come to me and receive spiritual wealth, which is more valuable than gold that is refined by fire. Receive from me righteousness, which is like brilliant white garments, so that you will not be ashamed. And receive from me wisdom, which is like salve for the eyes, so that you may understand spiritual things” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ REV 4 4 ivw8 στεφάνους χρυσοῦς 1 golden crowns These were like
REV 4 5 ryb1 ἀστραπαὶ 1 flashes of lightning Use your language’s way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears.
REV 4 5 u1da φωναὶ, καὶ βρονταί 1 rumblings, and crashes of thunder These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language’s way of describing the sound of thunder.
REV 4 5 e1jm writing-symlanguage τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 seven spirits of God The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 4 6 ja33 figs-metaphor θάλασσα ὑαλίνη 1 a sea of glass How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 4 6 ja33 figs-metaphor θάλασσα ὑαλίνη 1 a sea of glass How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are (1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or (2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 4 6 cv9p figs-simile ὁμοία κρυστάλλῳ 1 like crystal How it was like crystal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “clear as crystal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 4 6 fr7x ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ κύκλῳ τοῦ θρόνου 1 In the middle of the throne and around the throne “Immediately around the throne” or “Close to the throne and around it”
REV 4 6 b66k τέσσαρα ζῷα 1 four living creatures “four living beings” or “four living things”
@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ REV 4 9 a19z figs-doublet εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων
REV 4 10 cmj9 translate-numbers εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι 1 twenty-four elders “24 elders.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV 4 10 c2vg πεσοῦνται 1 fall down They purposely lie down facing the ground to show that they are worshiping.
REV 4 10 sly8 translate-symaction βαλοῦσιν τοὺς στεφάνους αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου 1 They lay their crowns before the throne These crowns looked like wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. The elders were respectfully placing the crowns on the ground, showing that they were submitting to God’s authority to rule. Alternate translation: “they lay their crowns before the throne to show that they were submitting to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
REV 4 10 wvf9 βαλοῦσιν 1 lay Possible meanings are 1) to place or 2) to throw down forcibly, as of something worthless (“throw,” [Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully.
REV 4 10 wvf9 βαλοῦσιν 1 lay Possible meanings are (1) to place or (2) to throw down forcibly, as of something worthless (“throw,” [Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully.
REV 4 11 idj1 ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν 1 our Lord and our God “our Lord and God.” This is one person, the one who was sitting on the throne.
REV 4 11 q91l figs-metonymy λαβεῖν τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν 1 to receive the glory and the honor and the power These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. Alternate translation: “to be praised for your glory, honor, and power” or “for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 5 intro g7ey 0 # Revelation 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this in verses 9-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sealed scroll<br><br>Kings and important people in John’s time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, “the one who was seated on the throne” had written the scroll. Only the person called “the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David” and “the Lamb” had the authority to open it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/scroll]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]])<br><br>### Twenty-four elders<br><br>Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Christian prayers<br><br>The prayers of Christians are described as incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray.<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>The “Lion of the tribe of Judah” and the “Root of David” are metaphors that refer to Jesus. Jesus descended from the tribe of Judah and the family of David. Lions are fierce, and all animals and people are afraid of them, so they are a metaphor for a king whom everyone obeys. The words “Root of David” speak of Israel’s King David as if he were a seed that God had planted and of Jesus as if he were a root growing from that seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ REV 5 7 egp6 figs-go ἦλθεν 1 He went He approached the throne. Some langua
REV 5 8 e3fh writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 5 8 cgs1 translate-numbers οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι 1 the twenty-four elders “24 elders.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV 5 8 ff8y ἔπεσαν 1 fell down “lay down on the ground.” Their faces were toward the ground to show that they were worshiping the Lamb. They did this on purpose; they did not fall accidentally.
REV 5 8 uv6w ἕκαστος 1 Each of them Possible meanings are 1) “each of the elders and living creatures” or 2) “each of the elders.”
REV 5 8 uv6w ἕκαστος 1 Each of them Possible meanings are (1) “each of the elders and living creatures” or (2) “each of the elders.”
REV 5 8 qak6 writing-symlanguage φιάλας χρυσᾶς γεμούσας θυμιαμάτων, αἵ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων 1 a golden bowl full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints The incense here is a symbol for the believers’ prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 5 9 yu7h figs-activepassive ὅτι ἐσφάγης 1 For you were slaughtered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For they slaughtered you” or “For people killed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 5 9 j1jn ἐσφάγης 1 slaughtered If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here.
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ REV 6 8 n9x3 ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς 1 with the wild anim
REV 6 9 bv8r translate-ordinal τὴν πέμπτην σφραγῖδα 1 the fifth seal “the next seal” or “seal number five” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV 6 9 n3mi ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου 1 under the altar This may have been “at the base of the altar.”
REV 6 9 b2kp figs-activepassive τῶν ἐσφαγμένων 1 those who had been killed This can be translated with an active verb. AT “those whom others had killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 6 9 y8c6 figs-metaphor διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον 1 because of the word of God and the testimony which they held Here “Word of God” is a metonym for the message from God and “held” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) holding the testimony refers to believing God’s word and testimony. Alternate translation: “because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ” or “because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony” or 2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: “because they testified about the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 6 9 y8c6 figs-metaphor διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον 1 because of the word of God and the testimony which they held Here “Word of God” is a metonym for the message from God and “held” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) holding the testimony refers to believing God’s word and testimony. Alternate translation: “because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ” or “because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony” or (2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: “because they testified about the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 6 10 qz1i figs-metonymy ἐκδικεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἡμῶν 1 avenge our blood The word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate translation: “punish those who killed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 6 11 bq1p figs-rquestion ἕως πληρωθῶσιν καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν, οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποκτέννεσθαι ὡς καὶ αὐτοί 1 until the full number of their fellow servants and their brothers was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: “until people had killed the full number of their fellow servants…sisters whom God had decided people would kill, just as people had killed their fellow servants…sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV 6 11 q9xh οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν 1 their fellow servants and their brothers This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers. Alternate translation: “their brothers who serve God with them” or “their fellow believers who serve God with them”
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ REV 7 17 g3d2 figs-metonymy ἐξαλείψει ὁ Θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυ
REV 8 intro ma7f 0 # Revelation 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven seals and seven trumpets<br>This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br>John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator’s language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Similes<br>In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
REV 8 1 d652 0 Connecting Statement: The Lamb opens the seventh seal.
REV 8 1 mh2b translate-ordinal τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην 1 the seventh seal This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. Alternate translation: “the next seal” or “the final seal” or “seal number seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV 8 2 fri9 figs-activepassive ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες 1 seven trumpets were given to them They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God gave them seven trumpets” or 2) “the Lamb gave them seven trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 8 2 fri9 figs-activepassive ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες 1 seven trumpets were given to them They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God gave them seven trumpets” or (2) “the Lamb gave them seven trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 8 3 f9g9 δώσει 1 he would offer it “he would offer the incense to God by burning it”
REV 8 4 lq1q figs-metonymy χειρὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου 1 the angel’s hand This refers to the bowl in the angel’s hand. Alternate translation: “the bowl in the angel’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 8 5 l79w figs-metonymy ἐγέμισεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς 1 filled it with fire The word “fire” here probably refers to burning coals. Alternate translation: “filled it with burning coals” or “filled it with coals of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ REV 8 7 ga1r figs-activepassive τὸ τρίτον τῆς γῆς κατεκά
REV 8 8 rnh8 translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος 1 The second angel “The next angel” or “Angel number two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV 8 8 uw2h figs-activepassive ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον, ἐβλήθη 1 something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 8 8 ev7g translate-fraction ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα 1 A third of the sea became blood The fraction “A third” can be explained in translation. Alternate translation: “It was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
REV 8 8 k43y figs-simile ἐγένετο…αἷμα 1 became blood Possible meanings are it 1) “became red like blood” or it 2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 8 8 k43y figs-simile ἐγένετο…αἷμα 1 became blood Possible meanings are it (1) “became red like blood” or it (2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 8 9 vgf4 τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς 1 the living creatures in the sea “the things living in the sea” or “the fish and other animals that lived in the sea”
REV 8 10 n8ue figs-simile ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀστὴρ μέγας, καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς 1 a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch “a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky.” The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 8 10 int4 λαμπάς 1 torch a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light
@ -387,15 +387,15 @@ REV 8 11 as2n translate-unknown τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγ
REV 8 11 gei4 figs-metaphor ἐγένετο…ἄψινθον 1 became wormwood The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were wormwood. Alternate translation: “became bitter like wormwood” or “became bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 8 11 g4q5 ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν 1 died from the waters that became bitter “died when they drank the bitter water”
REV 8 12 z936 figs-metaphor ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου 1 a third of the sun was struck Causing something bad to happen to the sun is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “a third of the sun changed” or “God changed a third of the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 8 12 ukh6 σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν 1 a third of them turned dark Possible meanings are 1) “one third of the time they were dark” or 2) “one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark”
REV 8 12 ukh6 σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν 1 a third of them turned dark Possible meanings are (1) “one third of the time they were dark” or (2) “one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark”
REV 8 12 t1ag ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως 1 a third of the day and a third of the night had no light “there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night” or “they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night”
REV 8 13 x375 figs-activepassive ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν τῆς σάλπιγγος…σαλπίζειν 1 because of the remaining trumpet…angels This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 9 intro sq5c 0 # Revelation 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John continues to describe what happens when angels sound seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Woe<br>John describes several “woes” in the Book of Revelation. This chapter begins to describe three “woes” announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animal imagery<br>This chapter includes several animals: locusts, scorpions, horses, lions, and snakes. Animals convey different qualities or traits. For example, a lion is powerful and dangerous. Translators should use the same animals in their translation if possible. If the animal is unknown, one with similar qualities or traits should be used.<br><br>### Bottomless pit<br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br><br>### Abaddon and Apollyon<br><br>“Abaddon” is a Hebrew word. “Apollyon” is a Greek word. Both words mean “Destroyer.” John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. The ULT and UST write the sounds of both words with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. The original Greek readers would have understood “Apollyon” to mean “Destroyer.” So translators may also supply what it means in the text or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>### Repentance<br>Despite great signs, people are described as not repenting and so remain in their sin. People refusing to repent are also mentioned in Chapter 16. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
REV 9 1 d26c 0 Connecting Statement: The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
REV 9 1 jim6 εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα 1 I saw a star from heaven that had fallen John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall.
REV 9 1 v12j ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit “the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit”
REV 9 1 cjr9 τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the shaft of the bottomless pit Possible meanings are 1) “shaft” is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or 2) “shaft” refers to the opening of the pit.
REV 9 1 p886 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
REV 9 1 cjr9 τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the shaft of the bottomless pit Possible meanings are (1) “shaft” is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or (2) “shaft” refers to the opening of the pit.
REV 9 1 p886 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
REV 9 2 tp79 figs-simile ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης 1 like smoke from a huge furnace A huge furnace gives off a great amount of thick, dark smoke. Alternate translation: “like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 9 2 nd4n ἐσκοτώθη 1 turned dark “became dark”
REV 9 3 mb9m translate-unknown ἀκρίδες 1 locusts insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -418,8 +418,8 @@ REV 9 7 zh82 0 General Information: These locusts did not look like ordinary l
REV 9 7 s9gl στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ 1 crowns of gold These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
REV 9 10 mac3 ἔχουσιν οὐρὰς 1 They had tails The word “They” refers to the locusts.
REV 9 10 qdc3 figs-simile ὁμοίας σκορπίοις καὶ κέντρα 1 with stingers like scorpions A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 9:6](../09/06.md). Alternate translation: “with stingers like scorpion stingers” or “with stingers that could cause terrible pain as scorpion stingers can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 9 10 lim1 ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε 1 in their tails they had power to harm people for five months Possible meanings are 1) they had power for five months to harm people or 2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
REV 9 11 fiu6 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 9 10 lim1 ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε 1 in their tails they had power to harm people for five months Possible meanings are (1) they had power for five months to harm people or (2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
REV 9 11 fiu6 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 9 11 bkg6 translate-names Ἀβαδδών…Ἀπολλύων 1 Abaddon…Apollyon Both names mean “Destroyer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
REV 9 12 ts26 figs-metaphor ἔρχεται ἔτι δύο οὐαὶ 1 there are still two disasters to come Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 9 13 cyb6 0 Connecting Statement: The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ REV 11 5 ab6b figs-metaphor πῦρ…κατεσθίει τοὺς ἐχθρο
REV 11 6 cac1 figs-metaphor κλεῖσαι τὸν οὐρανόν, ἵνα μὴ ὑετὸς βρέχῃ 1 to close up the sky so that no rain will fall John speaks of the sky as if it had a door that can be opened to let rain fall or closed to stop the rain. Alternate translation: “to keep rain from falling from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 11 6 a7ed στρέφειν 1 to turn “to change”
REV 11 6 kth7 figs-metaphor πατάξαι τὴν γῆν ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇ 1 to strike the earth with every kind of plague John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. Alternate translation: “to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 11 7 i679 Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 11 7 i679 Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 11 8 r45p τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν 1 Their bodies This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses.
REV 11 8 p9fu ἐπὶ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 in the street of the great city The city had more than one street. This was a public place where people could see them. Alternate translation: “in one of the streets of the great city” or “in the main street of the great city”
REV 11 8 iea1 ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν 1 their Lord They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city.
@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ REV 11 10 h4pq ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ δύο προφῆται ἐβασάν
REV 11 11 x3gn translate-numbers τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ 1 three and a half days “3 full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3 1/2 days.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV 11 11 al5w figs-metaphor πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτούς 1 a breath of life from God will enter them The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. Alternate translation: “God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 11 11 u265 figs-metaphor φόβος μέγας ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεωροῦντας αὐτούς 1 Great fear will fall on those who see them Fear is spoken of as if it is a object that can fall on people. Alternate translation: “Those who see them will be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 11 12 f8ze καὶ ἤκουσαν 1 Then they will hear Possible meanings are 1) the two witnesses will hear or 2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
REV 11 12 f8ze καὶ ἤκουσαν 1 Then they will hear Possible meanings are (1) the two witnesses will hear or (2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
REV 11 12 mkq9 figs-metonymy φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a loud voice from heaven The word “voice” refers to the one who speaks. Alternate translation: “someone speak loudly to them from heaven and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 11 12 l1x7 λεγούσης αὐτοῖς 1 say to them “say to the two witnesses”
REV 11 13 p56r translate-numbers ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων χιλιάδες ἑπτά 1 Seven thousand people “7,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ REV 13 18 i46m 0 General Information: This verse is a break from John’s acco
REV 13 18 uk74 ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν 1 Here is wisdom “Wisdom is needed” or “You need to be wise about this”
REV 13 18 z8tz figs-abstractnouns ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω 1 If anyone has understanding The word “insight” can be translated with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “If anyone is able to understand things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV 13 18 ri1y ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου 1 let him calculate the number of the beast “he should discern what the number of the beast means” or “he should figure out what the number of the beast means”
REV 13 18 bbn2 ἀριθμὸς…ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν 1 is the number of a human being Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represents all of humanity.
REV 13 18 bbn2 ἀριθμὸς…ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν 1 is the number of a human being Possible meanings are (1) the number represents one person or (2) the number represents all of humanity.
REV 14 intro q71v 0 # Revelation 14 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to gather ripe food from plants. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. This chapter uses the metaphor of two harvests. Jesus gathers in his people from the whole earth. Then an angel gathers in wicked people whom God will punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
REV 14 1 e7u7 0 General Information: The word “I” refers to John.
REV 14 1 ck6y 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb.
@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ REV 14 3 sz1f ᾄδουσιν ᾠδὴν καινὴν 1 They sang a new song
REV 14 3 ii11 τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων 1 the four living creatures “living being” or “living thing.” See how you translated “living creature” in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
REV 14 3 m75y τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 the elders This refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated “elders” in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md).
REV 14 3 q6fc translate-numbers ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 “one hundred forty-four thousand.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV 14 4 jet6 μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν 1 have not defiled themselves with women Possible meanings are 1) “have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman” or 2) “have never had sexual relations with a woman.” Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
REV 14 4 a7ir παρθένοι 1 virgins Possible meanings are 1) “they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife” or 2) “they are virgins.”
REV 14 4 jet6 μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν 1 have not defiled themselves with women Possible meanings are (1) “have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman” or (2) “have never had sexual relations with a woman.” Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
REV 14 4 a7ir παρθένοι 1 virgins Possible meanings are (1) “they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife” or (2) “they are virgins.”
REV 14 4 q3hg figs-metaphor οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες τῷ Ἀρνίῳ ὅπου ἂν ὑπάγει 1 the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. Alternate translation: “they do whatever the Lamb does” or “they obey the Lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 14 4 mlw3 figs-metaphor ἠγοράσθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπαρχὴ 1 redeemed from among mankind as firstfruits “Firstfruits” here is a metaphor for the first offering to be made to God in celebration of harvest. Alternate translation: “purchased out of the midst of the rest of mankind as a special celebration of salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 14 5 ga8p figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν οὐχ εὑρέθη ψεῦδος 1 No lie was found in their mouth Their “mouth” refers to what they said.” Alternate translation: “They never lied when they spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ REV 14 12 me1j ὧδε ἡ ὑπομονὴ τῶν ἁγίων ἐστίν 1 H
REV 14 13 x62q οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ…ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 the dead who die “those who die”
REV 14 13 hy1a οἱ ἐν Κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 who die in the Lord “who are united to the Lord and die.” This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. Alternate translation: “who die because they are united to the Lord”
REV 14 13 vd4m τῶν κόπων 1 labors difficulties and sufferings
REV 14 13 v4xz figs-personification τὰ…ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 their deeds will follow them These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are 1) “others will know the good deeds these people have done” or 2) “God will reward them for their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV 14 13 v4xz figs-personification τὰ…ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 their deeds will follow them These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are (1) “others will know the good deeds these people have done” or (2) “God will reward them for their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV 14 14 ft6v writing-symlanguage 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God’s judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 14 14 gvw8 figs-simile ὅμοιον Υἱὸν Ἀνθρώπου 1 one like a son of man This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV 14 14 i8se στέφανον χρυσοῦν 1 golden crown This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
@ -675,9 +675,9 @@ REV 15 1 l345 figs-doublet μέγα καὶ θαυμαστόν 1 great and marve
REV 15 1 w6lf ἀγγέλους ἑπτὰ ἔχοντας πληγὰς ἑπτὰ 1 seven angels with seven plagues “seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth”
REV 15 1 mw7g τὰς ἐσχάτας 1 the final plagues “and after them, there will not be any more plagues”
REV 15 1 ij3d figs-activepassive ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for these plagues will complete the wrath of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 15 1 gdt5 ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed Possible meanings are 1) these plagues will show all of God’s anger or 2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
REV 15 1 gdt5 ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed Possible meanings are (1) these plagues will show all of God’s anger or (2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
REV 15 2 ytq6 0 General Information: Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God.
REV 15 2 n9yj figs-metaphor θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην 1 sea of glass How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 15 2 n9yj figs-metaphor θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην 1 sea of glass How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are (1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or (2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 15 2 pt8v figs-explicit τοὺς νικῶντας ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος αὐτοῦ 1 Those who had been victorious over the beast and over his image How they were victorious can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 15 2 dbz9 figs-explicit ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 over the number representing his name How they were victorious over the number can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 15 2 lra7 τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 the number representing his name This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md).
@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ REV 16 3 nc6a figs-metonymy ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ 1
REV 16 3 sx66 figs-synecdoche τὴν θάλασσαν 1 the sea This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV 16 4 p4ae figs-metonymy ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ 1 poured out his bowl The word “bowl” refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: “poured out the wine from his bowl” or “poured out God’s wrath from his bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 16 4 xu1y figs-synecdoche τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the rivers and the springs of water This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV 16 5 f35a τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the angel of the waters Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water or 2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
REV 16 5 f35a τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the angel of the waters Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water or (2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
REV 16 5 e45u figs-you δίκαιος εἶ 1 You are righteous “You” refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
REV 16 5 itg7 ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν 1 the one who is and who was “God who is and who was.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md).
REV 16 6 b6wa figs-metonymy αἷμα ἁγίων καὶ προφητῶν ἐξέχεαν 1 they poured out the blood of the saints and prophets Here “poured out the blood” means killed. Alternate translation: “they murdered God’s holy people and the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ REV 17 6 iwz1 μεθύουσαν ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος…καὶ ἐκ
REV 17 6 yqi7 τῶν μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ 1 the martyrs for Jesus “the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus”
REV 17 6 ydi9 ἐθαύμασα 1 I marveled amazed, surprised
REV 17 7 j412 figs-rquestion διὰ τί ἐθαύμασας 1 Why are you astonished? The angel used this question to gently scold John. Alternate translation: “You should not be astonished!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV 17 8 upm7 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 17 8 upm7 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 17 8 usl4 figs-abstractnouns καὶ εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 Then it will go on to destruction The noun “destruction” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Then he will be destroyed” or “Then God will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 17 8 glf1 figs-activepassive εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 it will go on to destruction The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 17 8 r6h4 figs-activepassive ὧν οὐ γέγραπται τὰ ὀνόματα 1 those whose names have not been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whose names God did not write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ REV 17 10 yk93 figs-metaphor οἱ πέντε ἔπεσαν 1 Five kings have fa
REV 17 10 d2wx ὁ εἷς ἔστιν 1 one is “one is king now” or “one king is alive now”
REV 17 10 kw95 figs-metaphor ὁ εἷς ἔστιν, ὁ ἄλλος οὔπω ἦλθεν 1 the other has not yet come; when he comes Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having come. Alternate translation: “the other has not yet become king; when he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 17 10 v8vx figs-metaphor ἔλθῃ, ὀλίγον αὐτὸν δεῖ μεῖναι 1 he can remain only for a little while The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. Alternate translation: “he can be king only for a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 17 11 b1ct ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν 1 is one of those seven kings Possible meanings are 1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or 2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
REV 17 11 b1ct ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν 1 is one of those seven kings Possible meanings are (1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or (2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
REV 17 11 w7sk figs-metaphor εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 it is going to destruction The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. Alternate translation: “it will certainly be destroyed” or “God will surely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 17 12 gq2m 0 Connecting Statement: The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
REV 17 12 n2rd translate-unknown μίαν ὥραν 1 for one hour If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “for a very short time” or “for a very small part of a day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ REV 18 5 u2yu ἐμνημόνευσεν 1 has remembered “has thought of” o
REV 18 6 ec42 figs-metaphor ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν 1 Pay her back as she has paid others back The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “Punish her as she has punished others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 18 6 pa62 figs-metaphor διπλώσατε 1 repay her double The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “punish her twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 18 6 xba5 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν, κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν 1 in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. Alternate translation: “prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others” or “make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 18 6 l3n5 κεράσατε…διπλοῦν 1 mix double the amount Possible meanings are 1) “prepare twice the amount” or 2) “make it twice as strong”
REV 18 6 l3n5 κεράσατε…διπλοῦν 1 mix double the amount Possible meanings are (1) “prepare twice the amount” or (2) “make it twice as strong”
REV 18 7 i9bm 0 Connecting Statement: The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman.
REV 18 7 we2t ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν 1 she glorified herself “the people of Babylon glorified themselves”
REV 18 7 yt32 figs-metonymy ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει 1 For she says in her heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “For she says to herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ REV 19 21 qk9t τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ…τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ το
REV 20 intro c7eh 0 # Revelation 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The thousand-year reign of Christ<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years, at the same time that Satan is bound. Scholars are divided over whether this refers to a future period of time or to Jesus reigning now from heaven. It is not necessary to understand this passage in order to translate it accurately. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Final rebellion<br><br>This chapter also describes what happens after the thousand years are ended. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God’s ultimate and final victory over sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Great white throne<br><br>This chapter ends with God judging all people who ever lived. God separates people who believe in Jesus from those who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Hades and the lake of fire<br>These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to translate these two places differently. They should not be made the same as each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br>
REV 20 1 rkv7 0 General Information: John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit.
REV 20 1 n8b8 καὶ εἶδον 1 Then I saw Here “I” refers to John.
REV 20 1 c18c Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 20 1 c18c Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV 20 2 r6es writing-symlanguage δράκοντα 1 dragon This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 20 3 xj22 figs-explicit ἐσφράγισεν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 sealed it over him The angel sealed the pit to keep anyone from opening it. Alternate translation: “sealed it to prevent anyone from opening it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 20 3 el4f figs-metonymy πλανήσῃ…τὰ ἔθνη 1 deceive the nations Here “nations” is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “deceive the people-groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -973,8 +973,8 @@ REV 21 3 hpt1 figs-parallelism ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μετὰ τῶ
REV 21 4 w39g figs-metonymy ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν 1 He will wipe away every tear from their eyes Tears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears” or “God will cause them to not be sad anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 21 5 rq2q figs-metonymy οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν 1 these words are trustworthy and true Here “words” refers to the message that they formed. Alternate translation: “this message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 21 6 dq8n figs-parallelism τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God’s eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 21 6 li7s figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or 2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 21 6 bf1p ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or 2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.”
REV 21 6 li7s figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or (2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 21 6 bf1p ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or (2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.”
REV 21 6 wk2c figs-metaphor τῷ διψῶντι…τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς 1 To the one who thirsts…water of life God speaks of a person’s desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 21 7 vms6 0 Connecting Statement: The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John.
REV 21 8 hma7 τοῖς…δειλοῖς 1 the cowards “those who are too afraid to do what is right”
@ -1017,12 +1017,12 @@ REV 22 1 vl23 ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the river of the water
REV 22 1 yn2p figs-metaphor ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the water of life Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 22 1 mxp4 writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 22 2 l2aq figs-metonymy τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 the nations Here “nations” refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate translation: “the people of all nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 22 3 d5fq πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι 1 There will no longer be any curse Possible meanings are 1) “There will never be anyone there that God will curse” or 2) “There will not be anyone there who is under God’s curse”
REV 22 3 by36 οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ 1 his servants will serve him Possible meanings of “his” and “him” are 1) both words refer to God the Father, or 2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
REV 22 3 d5fq πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι 1 There will no longer be any curse Possible meanings are (1) “There will never be anyone there that God will curse” or (2) “There will not be anyone there who is under God’s curse”
REV 22 3 by36 οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ 1 his servants will serve him Possible meanings of “his” and “him” are (1) both words refer to God the Father, or (2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
REV 22 4 zy4x figs-idiom ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ 1 They will see his face This is an idiom, meaning to be in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “They will be in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV 22 6 j51i figs-explicit 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the end of John’s vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking. This can be shown clearly as is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 22 6 xaw8 figs-metonymy οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί 1 These words are trustworthy and true Here “words” refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “This message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 22 6 cr31 figs-metonymy ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν 1 the God of the spirits of the prophets Possible meanings are 1) the word “spirits” refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” or 2) the word “spirits” refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 22 6 cr31 figs-metonymy ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν 1 the God of the spirits of the prophets Possible meanings are (1) the word “spirits” refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” or (2) the word “spirits” refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 22 7 p72h ἰδοὺ 1 Look! Here Jesus begins to speak. The word “Look” adds emphasis to what follows.
REV 22 7 afr9 figs-explicit ἔρχομαι ταχύ 1 I am coming quickly! It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “I am coming to judge soon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 22 8 xr17 0 General Information: John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel.
@ -1032,9 +1032,9 @@ REV 22 10 ct48 figs-explicit μὴ σφραγίσῃς…τοῦ βιβλίου
REV 22 10 xc15 figs-metonymy τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου 1 the words of the prophecy of this book Here “words” refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](../22/07.md). Alternate translation: “This prophetic message of this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV 22 12 idc6 writing-endofstory 0 General Information: As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
REV 22 13 f5jl figs-parallelism τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 22 13 uup6 figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or 2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 22 13 uup6 figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or (2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 22 13 cpl9 figs-merism ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος 1 the first and the last This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV 22 13 nnm2 ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or 2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md).
REV 22 13 nnm2 ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or (2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md).
REV 22 14 r16s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues giving his closing greeting.
REV 22 14 i54w figs-metaphor οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν 1 those who wash their robes Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one’s clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 22 15 aw1h ἔξω 1 Outside This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter.
@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ REV 22 16 t2v9 figs-metaphor ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυείδ
REV 22 16 g9uj figs-metaphor ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός 1 the bright morning star Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated “morning star” in [Revelation 2:28](../02/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 22 17 gig5 0 Connecting Statement: This verse is a response to what Jesus said.
REV 22 17 lt8j figs-metaphor ἡ νύμφη 1 the Bride Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 22 17 m9at figs-explicit ἔρχου 1 Come! Possible meanings are 1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” or 2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 22 17 m9at figs-explicit ἔρχου 1 Come! Possible meanings are (1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” or (2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV 22 17 e2m5 figs-metaphor ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω…ὕδωρ ζωῆς 1 the one who is thirsty…the water of life A person’s desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 22 17 dwb6 figs-metaphor ὕδωρ ζωῆς 1 the water of life Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV 22 18 fd5l 0 General Information: John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
7 REV 1 1 kez4 ἐσήμανεν 1 made it known “communicated it”
8 REV 1 1 pb4u figs-123person τῷ δούλῳ αὐτοῦ, Ἰωάννῃ 1 to his servant John John wrote this book and was referring to himself here. Alternate translation: “to me, John, his servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
9 REV 1 2 va4c τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God “the message that God spoke”
10 REV 1 2 b5se τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the testimony of Jesus Christ Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ” or 2) “the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself” Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ” or (2) “the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself”
11 REV 1 3 le65 figs-genericnoun ὁ ἀναγινώσκων 1 the one who reads aloud This does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who reads it aloud. Alternate translation: “anyone who reads aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
12 REV 1 3 h37b figs-activepassive τηροῦντες τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ γεγραμμένα 1 obey what is written in it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “obey what John has written in it” or “obey what they read in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13 REV 1 3 dwt8 ὁ…καιρὸς ἐγγύς 1 the time is near “the things that must happen will soon happen”
23 REV 1 6 a4mq ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς βασιλείαν, ἱερεῖς 1 has made us a kingdom, priests “has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests”
24 REV 1 6 ne7x τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί αὐτοῦ 1 his God and Father This is one person. Alternate translation: “God, his Father”
25 REV 1 6 c77q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρί 1 Father This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
26 REV 1 6 qd74 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος 1 to him be the glory and the power This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are 1) “May people honor his glory and power” or 2) “May he have glory and power.” John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are (1) “May people honor his glory and power” or (2) “May he have glory and power.” John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
27 REV 1 6 vc5g τὸ κράτος 1 the power This probably refers to his authority as king.
28 REV 1 7 ldv8 0 General Information: In verse 7, John is quoting from Daniel and Zechariah.
29 REV 1 7 hb4i figs-synecdoche πᾶς ὀφθαλμὸς 1 every eye Since people see with the eyes, the word “eye” is used to refer to people. Alternate translation: “every person” or “everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
30 REV 1 7 t16v καὶ οἵτινες αὐτὸν ἐξεκέντησαν 1 including those who pierced him “even those who pierced him will see him”
31 REV 1 7 ndf6 figs-metonymy αὐτὸν ἐξεκέντησαν 1 pierced him Jesus’ hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate translation: “killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32 REV 1 7 lqs9 ἐξεκέντησαν 1 pierced made a hole in
33 REV 1 8 mm9z figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or 2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or (2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
34 REV 1 8 in5e figs-metaphor ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1 who is to come Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35 REV 1 8 c96p writing-quotations λέγει Κύριος, ὁ Θεός 1 says the Lord God Some languages would put “The Lord God says” at the beginning or the end of the whole sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
36 REV 1 9 up7y 0 General Information: John explains how his vision began and the instructions the Spirit gave him.
64 REV 1 19 u49x 0 Connecting Statement: The Son of Man continues to speak.
65 REV 1 20 d6ez writing-symlanguage ἀστέρων 1 stars These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
66 REV 1 20 fl5d writing-symlanguage λυχνίας 1 lampstands The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
67 REV 1 20 eek9 ἄγγελοι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν 1 the angels of the seven churches Possible meanings are that these “angels” are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches. Possible meanings are that these “angels” are (1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or (2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches.
68 REV 1 20 e25n ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν 1 seven churches This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md).
69 REV 2 intro zps2 0 # Revelation 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poverty and wealth<br><br>The Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### “The devil is about to”<br><br>People were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](../../rev/02/10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel<br><br>Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word “angel” here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.<br>
70 REV 2 1 mn8x 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Ephesus.
71 REV 2 1 kq5r τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
72 REV 2 1 i92a writing-symlanguage ἀστέρας 1 stars These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
73 REV 2 1 ugs3 writing-symlanguage λυχνιῶν 1 lampstands The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
74 REV 2 2 jg1u figs-abstractnouns οἶδα…τὸν κόπον καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου 1 I know…your hard labor and your patient endurance “Labor” and “endurance” are abstract nouns and can be translated with verbs “work” and “endure.” Alternate translation: “I know…that you work very hard and that you endure patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
87 REV 2 7 wzg1 figs-genericnoun τῷ νικῶντι 1 the one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. Alternate translation: “anyone who resists evil” or “those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
88 REV 2 7 rmf5 τῷ Παραδείσῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the paradise of God “God’s garden.” This is a symbol for heaven.
89 REV 2 8 is3w 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Smyrna.
90 REV 2 8 ie9x τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
91 REV 2 8 key2 translate-names Σμύρνῃ 1 Smyrna This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
92 REV 2 8 k7qk figs-merism ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος 1 the first and the last This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
93 REV 2 9 p6hp figs-abstractnouns οἶδά σου τὴν θλῖψιν καὶ τὴν πτωχείαν 1 I know your sufferings and your poverty “Sufferings” and “poverty” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I know how you have suffered and how poor you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
97 REV 2 10 agx4 figs-metonymy μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν 1 The devil is about to throw some of you into prison The words “the Devil” here are a metonym for the people who obey the devil. Alternate translation: “The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98 REV 2 10 f5t1 γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου 1 Be faithful until death “Be faithful to me even if they kill you.” The use of the word “until” does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death.
99 REV 2 10 sp8z τὸν στέφανον 1 the crown “the winner’s crown.” This was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete.
100 REV 2 10 zhj8 figs-metaphor τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς 1 the crown of life Possible meanings are 1) “a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life” or 2) “true life as a prize like a winner’s crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life” or (2) “true life as a prize like a winner’s crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101 REV 2 11 g7zq figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one who has an ear, hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “has an ear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
102 REV 2 11 dc3n figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
103 REV 2 11 s9d2 figs-genericnoun ὁ νικῶν 1 The one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Anyone who resists evil” or “Those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
104 REV 2 11 q6w2 οὐ μὴ ἀδικηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ δευτέρου 1 will not be hurt by the second death “will not experience the second death” or “will not die a second time”
105 REV 2 12 ll17 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Pergamum.
106 REV 2 12 y864 τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
107 REV 2 12 il7c translate-names Περγάμῳ 1 Pergamum This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
108 REV 2 12 f6s5 τὴν ῥομφαίαν τὴν δίστομον τὴν ὀξεῖαν 1 the sword with two sharp edges This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md)
109 REV 2 13 ryn6 figs-metonymy ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 Satan’s throne Possible meanings are 1) Satan’s power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) Satan’s power and evil influence on people, or (2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
110 REV 2 13 tf7c figs-metaphor κρατεῖς τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 you hold on tightly to my name “Name” here is a metonym for the person. Firmly believing is spoken of as holding on tightly. Alternate translation: “you firmly believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
111 REV 2 13 x6j6 figs-abstractnouns οὐκ ἠρνήσω τὴν πίστιν μου 1 you did not deny your faith in me “Faith” can be translated with the verb “believe.” AT “you continued to tell people that you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
112 REV 2 13 lu4b translate-names Ἀντιπᾶς 1 Antipas This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
113 REV 2 14 wu6n ἀλλ’ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὀλίγα 1 But I have a few things against you “I disapprove of you because of a few things you have done” or “I am angry with you because of a few things you did.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](../02/04.md).
114 REV 2 14 rd44 figs-metaphor κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν Βαλαάμ, ὃς 1 who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who Possible meanings are 1) “who teach what Balaam taught; he” or 2) “who do what Balaam taught; he.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Possible meanings are (1) “who teach what Balaam taught; he” or (2) “who do what Balaam taught; he.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115 REV 2 14 j3nc translate-names τῷ Βαλὰκ 1 Balak This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
116 REV 2 14 hg4g figs-metaphor ὃς ἐδίδασκεν τῷ Βαλὰκ βαλεῖν σκάνδαλον ἐνώπιον τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel Something that leads people to sin is spoken of as a stone in the road that people stumble on. Alternate translation: “who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117 REV 2 14 u19f πορνεῦσαι 1 be sexually immoral “sin sexually” or “commit sexual sin”
124 REV 2 17 m867 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
125 REV 2 17 i61b figs-genericnoun τῷ νικῶντι 1 To the one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “anyone who resists evil” or “those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
126 REV 2 18 b83m 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Thyatira.
127 REV 2 18 nd4m τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
128 REV 2 18 kd5v translate-names Θυατείροις 1 Thyatira This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
129 REV 2 18 q3w9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
130 REV 2 18 zbx5 figs-simile ὁ ἔχων τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ὡς φλόγα πυρός 1 who has eyes like a flame of fire His eyes are describes as being full of light like a flame of fire. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “whose eyes glow like a flame of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
148 REV 2 26 z5xi figs-genericnoun ὁ νικῶν 1 The one who conquers This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Anyone who resists evil” or “The person who does not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
149 REV 2 27 c9gu ποιμανεῖ…συντρίβεται 1 He will rule…break them into pieces This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations.
150 REV 2 27 w8pp figs-metaphor ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ 1 He will rule them with an iron rod Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. Alternate translation: “He will rule them harshly as if striking them with an iron stick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151 REV 2 27 ksl1 figs-simile ὡς τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικὰ συντρίβεται 1 like clay jars he will break them into pieces Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either 1) destroying evildoers or 2) defeating enemies. Alternate translation: “He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either (1) destroying evildoers or (2) defeating enemies. Alternate translation: “He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
152 REV 2 28 n9ts figs-explicit ὡς κἀγὼ εἴληφα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου 1 Just as I have received from my Father Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are 1) “Just as I have received authority from my Father” or 2) “Just as I have received the morning star from my Father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are (1) “Just as I have received authority from my Father” or (2) “Just as I have received the morning star from my Father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153 REV 2 28 hr39 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ πατρός μου 1 my Father This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
154 REV 2 28 c1zc καὶ δώσω αὐτῷ 1 I will also give him Here “him” refers to the one who conquers.
155 REV 2 28 g5iy writing-symlanguage τὸν ἀστέρα τὸν πρωϊνόν 1 morning star This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
157 REV 2 29 ikm8 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
158 REV 3 intro q1l9 0 # Revelation 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 7.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>### Seven stars<br><br>These stars are the seven stars of [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking<br><br>Jesus speaks of his desire to have the Christians in Laodicea obey him as if he were a man asking people in a house to allow him to enter and eat with them ([Revelation 3:20](../../rev/03/20.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The speaker knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word “angel” here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.<br>
159 REV 3 1 k6b7 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Sardis.
160 REV 3 1 u1zs τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md). Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md).
161 REV 3 1 q7n9 translate-names Σάρδεσιν 1 Sardis This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
162 REV 3 1 un3c writing-symlanguage ὁ ἔχων τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα 1 the seven spirits The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
163 REV 3 1 t8wv writing-symlanguage τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας 1 the seven stars These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
179 REV 3 6 zxc7 figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one who has an ear, hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “has an ear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180 REV 3 6 k2k6 figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
181 REV 3 7 rf9b 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia.
182 REV 3 7 ksg4 τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
183 REV 3 7 mm6x translate-names Φιλαδελφίᾳ 1 Philadelphia This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
184 REV 3 7 ih6i writing-symlanguage κλεῖν Δαυείδ 1 key of David Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David’s key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
185 REV 3 7 aam6 ὁ ἀνοίγων καὶ οὐδεὶς κλείσει 1 he opens and no one shuts “he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it”
186 REV 3 7 pzy2 κλείων καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀνοίγει 1 he shuts and no one can open “he closes the door and no one can open it”
187 REV 3 8 j1x7 δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην 1 I have put before you an open door “I have opened a door for you”
188 REV 3 8 xyw6 ἐτήρησάς μου τὸν λόγον 1 you have obeyed my word Possible meanings are 1) “you have followed by teachings” or 2) “you have obeyed my commands” Possible meanings are (1) “you have followed by teachings” or (2) “you have obeyed my commands”
189 REV 3 8 b3kz figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 my name The word “name” here is a metonym for the person who has that name. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
190 REV 3 9 x78m figs-metaphor συναγωγῆς τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 synagogue of Satan People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191 REV 3 9 q496 translate-symaction προσκυνήσουσιν 1 bow down This is a sign of submission, not worship. Alternate translation: “bow down in submission” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
201 REV 3 13 u5jk figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one who has an ear, hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “has an ear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
202 REV 3 13 ug5m figs-123person ὁ…ἀκουσάτω 1 Let the one…hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
203 REV 3 14 r6bz 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Laodicea.
204 REV 3 14 jg3b τῷ ἀγγέλῳ 1 the angel Possible meanings are that this “angel” is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) Possible meanings are that this “angel” is (1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
205 REV 3 14 wzg9 translate-names Λαοδικίᾳ 1 Laodicea This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
206 REV 3 14 f65v ὁ Ἀμήν 1 the Amen Here “the Amen” is a name for Jesus Christ. He guarantees God’s promises by saying amen to them.
207 REV 3 14 btv1 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the beginning of God’s creation Possible meanings are 1) “the one who rules over everything that God created” or 2) “the one through whom God created everything.” Possible meanings are (1) “the one who rules over everything that God created” or (2) “the one through whom God created everything.”
208 REV 3 15 pf9x figs-metaphor οὔτε ψυχρὸς εἶ οὔτε ζεστός 1 you are neither cold nor hot The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. Possible meanings are 1) “cold” and hot” represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where “cold” is to be completely against God, and to be “hot” is to be zealous to serve him, or 2) “cold” and “hot” both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: “you are like water that is neither cold nor hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. Possible meanings are (1) “cold” and hot” represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where “cold” is to be completely against God, and to be “hot” is to be zealous to serve him, or (2) “cold” and “hot” both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: “you are like water that is neither cold nor hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209 REV 3 16 y9vt figs-metaphor μέλλω σε ἐμέσαι ἐκ τοῦ στόματός μου 1 I am about to vomit you out of my mouth Rejecting them is spoken of as vomiting them out of the mouth. Alternate translation: “I will reject you as I would spit out lukewarm water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210 REV 3 17 v1pj figs-metaphor σὺ εἶ ὁ ταλαίπωρος, καὶ ἐλεεινὸς, καὶ πτωχὸς, καὶ τυφλὸς, καὶ γυμνός 1 you are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked Jesus speaks of their spiritual condition as if he were speaking about their physical condition. Alternate translation: “You are like people who are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211 REV 3 18 tmm7 ἀγοράσαι παρ’ ἐμοῦ χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρὸς, ἵνα πλουτήσῃς, καὶ ἱμάτια λευκὰ, ἵνα περιβάλῃ, καὶ μὴ φανερωθῇ ἡ αἰσχύνη τῆς γυμνότητός σου, καὶ κολλούριον ἐγχρῖσαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου, ἵνα βλέπῃς 1 Buy from me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and brilliant white garments so you may clothe yourself and not show the shame of your nakedness, and salve to anoint your eyes so you will see Here to “buy” represents receiving things from Jesus that have true spiritual value. The “gold refined by fire” represents spiritual wealth. The “brilliant white garments” represents rightousness. And the “salve to anoint your eyes” represents the ability to understand spiritual things. Alternate translation: “Come to me and receive spiritual wealth, which is more valuable than gold that is refined by fire. Receive from me righteousness, which is like brilliant white garments, so that you will not be ashamed. And receive from me wisdom, which is like salve for the eyes, so that you may understand spiritual things” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
235 REV 4 5 ryb1 ἀστραπαὶ 1 flashes of lightning Use your language’s way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears.
236 REV 4 5 u1da φωναὶ, καὶ βρονταί 1 rumblings, and crashes of thunder These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language’s way of describing the sound of thunder.
237 REV 4 5 e1jm writing-symlanguage τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 seven spirits of God The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
238 REV 4 6 ja33 figs-metaphor θάλασσα ὑαλίνη 1 a sea of glass How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are (1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or (2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
239 REV 4 6 cv9p figs-simile ὁμοία κρυστάλλῳ 1 like crystal How it was like crystal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “clear as crystal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
240 REV 4 6 fr7x ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ κύκλῳ τοῦ θρόνου 1 In the middle of the throne and around the throne “Immediately around the throne” or “Close to the throne and around it”
241 REV 4 6 b66k τέσσαρα ζῷα 1 four living creatures “four living beings” or “four living things”
248 REV 4 10 cmj9 translate-numbers εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι 1 twenty-four elders “24 elders.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
249 REV 4 10 c2vg πεσοῦνται 1 fall down They purposely lie down facing the ground to show that they are worshiping.
250 REV 4 10 sly8 translate-symaction βαλοῦσιν τοὺς στεφάνους αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου 1 They lay their crowns before the throne These crowns looked like wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. The elders were respectfully placing the crowns on the ground, showing that they were submitting to God’s authority to rule. Alternate translation: “they lay their crowns before the throne to show that they were submitting to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
251 REV 4 10 wvf9 βαλοῦσιν 1 lay Possible meanings are 1) to place or 2) to throw down forcibly, as of something worthless (“throw,” [Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully. Possible meanings are (1) to place or (2) to throw down forcibly, as of something worthless (“throw,” [Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully.
252 REV 4 11 idj1 ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν 1 our Lord and our God “our Lord and God.” This is one person, the one who was sitting on the throne.
253 REV 4 11 q91l figs-metonymy λαβεῖν τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν 1 to receive the glory and the honor and the power These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. Alternate translation: “to be praised for your glory, honor, and power” or “for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
254 REV 5 intro g7ey 0 # Revelation 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this in verses 9-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sealed scroll<br><br>Kings and important people in John’s time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, “the one who was seated on the throne” had written the scroll. Only the person called “the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David” and “the Lamb” had the authority to open it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/scroll]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]])<br><br>### Twenty-four elders<br><br>Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Christian prayers<br><br>The prayers of Christians are described as incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray.<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>The “Lion of the tribe of Judah” and the “Root of David” are metaphors that refer to Jesus. Jesus descended from the tribe of Judah and the family of David. Lions are fierce, and all animals and people are afraid of them, so they are a metaphor for a king whom everyone obeys. The words “Root of David” speak of Israel’s King David as if he were a seed that God had planted and of Jesus as if he were a root growing from that seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
273 REV 5 8 e3fh writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
274 REV 5 8 cgs1 translate-numbers οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι 1 the twenty-four elders “24 elders.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
275 REV 5 8 ff8y ἔπεσαν 1 fell down “lay down on the ground.” Their faces were toward the ground to show that they were worshiping the Lamb. They did this on purpose; they did not fall accidentally.
276 REV 5 8 uv6w ἕκαστος 1 Each of them Possible meanings are 1) “each of the elders and living creatures” or 2) “each of the elders.” Possible meanings are (1) “each of the elders and living creatures” or (2) “each of the elders.”
277 REV 5 8 qak6 writing-symlanguage φιάλας χρυσᾶς γεμούσας θυμιαμάτων, αἵ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων 1 a golden bowl full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints The incense here is a symbol for the believers’ prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
278 REV 5 9 yu7h figs-activepassive ὅτι ἐσφάγης 1 For you were slaughtered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For they slaughtered you” or “For people killed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
279 REV 5 9 j1jn ἐσφάγης 1 slaughtered If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here.
313 REV 6 9 bv8r translate-ordinal τὴν πέμπτην σφραγῖδα 1 the fifth seal “the next seal” or “seal number five” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
314 REV 6 9 n3mi ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου 1 under the altar This may have been “at the base of the altar.”
315 REV 6 9 b2kp figs-activepassive τῶν ἐσφαγμένων 1 those who had been killed This can be translated with an active verb. AT “those whom others had killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
316 REV 6 9 y8c6 figs-metaphor διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον 1 because of the word of God and the testimony which they held Here “Word of God” is a metonym for the message from God and “held” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) holding the testimony refers to believing God’s word and testimony. Alternate translation: “because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ” or “because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony” or 2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: “because they testified about the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here “Word of God” is a metonym for the message from God and “held” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) holding the testimony refers to believing God’s word and testimony. Alternate translation: “because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ” or “because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony” or (2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: “because they testified about the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
317 REV 6 10 qz1i figs-metonymy ἐκδικεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἡμῶν 1 avenge our blood The word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate translation: “punish those who killed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318 REV 6 11 bq1p figs-rquestion ἕως πληρωθῶσιν καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν, οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποκτέννεσθαι ὡς καὶ αὐτοί 1 until the full number of their fellow servants and their brothers was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: “until people had killed the full number of their fellow servants…sisters whom God had decided people would kill, just as people had killed their fellow servants…sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
319 REV 6 11 q9xh οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν 1 their fellow servants and their brothers This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers. Alternate translation: “their brothers who serve God with them” or “their fellow believers who serve God with them”
369 REV 8 intro ma7f 0 # Revelation 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven seals and seven trumpets<br>This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br>John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator’s language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Similes<br>In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
370 REV 8 1 d652 0 Connecting Statement: The Lamb opens the seventh seal.
371 REV 8 1 mh2b translate-ordinal τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην 1 the seventh seal This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. Alternate translation: “the next seal” or “the final seal” or “seal number seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
372 REV 8 2 fri9 figs-activepassive ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες 1 seven trumpets were given to them They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) “God gave them seven trumpets” or 2) “the Lamb gave them seven trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God gave them seven trumpets” or (2) “the Lamb gave them seven trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
373 REV 8 3 f9g9 δώσει 1 he would offer it “he would offer the incense to God by burning it”
374 REV 8 4 lq1q figs-metonymy χειρὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου 1 the angel’s hand This refers to the bowl in the angel’s hand. Alternate translation: “the bowl in the angel’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
375 REV 8 5 l79w figs-metonymy ἐγέμισεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς 1 filled it with fire The word “fire” here probably refers to burning coals. Alternate translation: “filled it with burning coals” or “filled it with coals of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
379 REV 8 8 rnh8 translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος 1 The second angel “The next angel” or “Angel number two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
380 REV 8 8 uw2h figs-activepassive ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον, ἐβλήθη 1 something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
381 REV 8 8 ev7g translate-fraction ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα 1 A third of the sea became blood The fraction “A third” can be explained in translation. Alternate translation: “It was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
382 REV 8 8 k43y figs-simile ἐγένετο…αἷμα 1 became blood Possible meanings are it 1) “became red like blood” or it 2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Possible meanings are it (1) “became red like blood” or it (2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
383 REV 8 9 vgf4 τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς 1 the living creatures in the sea “the things living in the sea” or “the fish and other animals that lived in the sea”
384 REV 8 10 n8ue figs-simile ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀστὴρ μέγας, καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς 1 a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch “a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky.” The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
385 REV 8 10 int4 λαμπάς 1 torch a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light
387 REV 8 11 gei4 figs-metaphor ἐγένετο…ἄψινθον 1 became wormwood The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were wormwood. Alternate translation: “became bitter like wormwood” or “became bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
388 REV 8 11 g4q5 ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν 1 died from the waters that became bitter “died when they drank the bitter water”
389 REV 8 12 z936 figs-metaphor ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου 1 a third of the sun was struck Causing something bad to happen to the sun is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “a third of the sun changed” or “God changed a third of the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
390 REV 8 12 ukh6 σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν 1 a third of them turned dark Possible meanings are 1) “one third of the time they were dark” or 2) “one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark” Possible meanings are (1) “one third of the time they were dark” or (2) “one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark”
391 REV 8 12 t1ag ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως 1 a third of the day and a third of the night had no light “there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night” or “they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night”
392 REV 8 13 x375 figs-activepassive ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν τῆς σάλπιγγος…σαλπίζειν 1 because of the remaining trumpet…angels This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
393 REV 9 intro sq5c 0 # Revelation 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John continues to describe what happens when angels sound seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Woe<br>John describes several “woes” in the Book of Revelation. This chapter begins to describe three “woes” announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animal imagery<br>This chapter includes several animals: locusts, scorpions, horses, lions, and snakes. Animals convey different qualities or traits. For example, a lion is powerful and dangerous. Translators should use the same animals in their translation if possible. If the animal is unknown, one with similar qualities or traits should be used.<br><br>### Bottomless pit<br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br><br>### Abaddon and Apollyon<br><br>“Abaddon” is a Hebrew word. “Apollyon” is a Greek word. Both words mean “Destroyer.” John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. The ULT and UST write the sounds of both words with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. The original Greek readers would have understood “Apollyon” to mean “Destroyer.” So translators may also supply what it means in the text or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>### Repentance<br>Despite great signs, people are described as not repenting and so remain in their sin. People refusing to repent are also mentioned in Chapter 16. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
394 REV 9 1 d26c 0 Connecting Statement: The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
395 REV 9 1 jim6 εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα 1 I saw a star from heaven that had fallen John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall.
396 REV 9 1 v12j ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit “the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit”
397 REV 9 1 cjr9 τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the shaft of the bottomless pit Possible meanings are 1) “shaft” is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or 2) “shaft” refers to the opening of the pit. Possible meanings are (1) “shaft” is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or (2) “shaft” refers to the opening of the pit.
398 REV 9 1 p886 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
399 REV 9 2 tp79 figs-simile ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης 1 like smoke from a huge furnace A huge furnace gives off a great amount of thick, dark smoke. Alternate translation: “like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
400 REV 9 2 nd4n ἐσκοτώθη 1 turned dark “became dark”
401 REV 9 3 mb9m translate-unknown ἀκρίδες 1 locusts insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
418 REV 9 7 s9gl στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ 1 crowns of gold These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
419 REV 9 10 mac3 ἔχουσιν οὐρὰς 1 They had tails The word “They” refers to the locusts.
420 REV 9 10 qdc3 figs-simile ὁμοίας σκορπίοις καὶ κέντρα 1 with stingers like scorpions A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 9:6](../09/06.md). Alternate translation: “with stingers like scorpion stingers” or “with stingers that could cause terrible pain as scorpion stingers can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
421 REV 9 10 lim1 ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε 1 in their tails they had power to harm people for five months Possible meanings are 1) they had power for five months to harm people or 2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months. Possible meanings are (1) they had power for five months to harm people or (2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
422 REV 9 11 fiu6 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
423 REV 9 11 bkg6 translate-names Ἀβαδδών…Ἀπολλύων 1 Abaddon…Apollyon Both names mean “Destroyer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
424 REV 9 12 ts26 figs-metaphor ἔρχεται ἔτι δύο οὐαὶ 1 there are still two disasters to come Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
425 REV 9 13 cyb6 0 Connecting Statement: The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
477 REV 11 6 cac1 figs-metaphor κλεῖσαι τὸν οὐρανόν, ἵνα μὴ ὑετὸς βρέχῃ 1 to close up the sky so that no rain will fall John speaks of the sky as if it had a door that can be opened to let rain fall or closed to stop the rain. Alternate translation: “to keep rain from falling from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
478 REV 11 6 a7ed στρέφειν 1 to turn “to change”
479 REV 11 6 kth7 figs-metaphor πατάξαι τὴν γῆν ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇ 1 to strike the earth with every kind of plague John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. Alternate translation: “to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
480 REV 11 7 i679 Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
481 REV 11 8 r45p τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν 1 Their bodies This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses.
482 REV 11 8 p9fu ἐπὶ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 in the street of the great city The city had more than one street. This was a public place where people could see them. Alternate translation: “in one of the streets of the great city” or “in the main street of the great city”
483 REV 11 8 iea1 ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν 1 their Lord They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city.
489 REV 11 11 x3gn translate-numbers τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ 1 three and a half days “3 full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3 1/2 days.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
490 REV 11 11 al5w figs-metaphor πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτούς 1 a breath of life from God will enter them The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. Alternate translation: “God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491 REV 11 11 u265 figs-metaphor φόβος μέγας ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεωροῦντας αὐτούς 1 Great fear will fall on those who see them Fear is spoken of as if it is a object that can fall on people. Alternate translation: “Those who see them will be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
492 REV 11 12 f8ze καὶ ἤκουσαν 1 Then they will hear Possible meanings are 1) the two witnesses will hear or 2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses. Possible meanings are (1) the two witnesses will hear or (2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
493 REV 11 12 mkq9 figs-metonymy φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a loud voice from heaven The word “voice” refers to the one who speaks. Alternate translation: “someone speak loudly to them from heaven and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
494 REV 11 12 l1x7 λεγούσης αὐτοῖς 1 say to them “say to the two witnesses”
495 REV 11 13 p56r translate-numbers ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων χιλιάδες ἑπτά 1 Seven thousand people “7,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
616 REV 13 18 uk74 ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν 1 Here is wisdom “Wisdom is needed” or “You need to be wise about this”
617 REV 13 18 z8tz figs-abstractnouns ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω 1 If anyone has understanding The word “insight” can be translated with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “If anyone is able to understand things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
618 REV 13 18 ri1y ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου 1 let him calculate the number of the beast “he should discern what the number of the beast means” or “he should figure out what the number of the beast means”
619 REV 13 18 bbn2 ἀριθμὸς…ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν 1 is the number of a human being Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represents all of humanity. Possible meanings are (1) the number represents one person or (2) the number represents all of humanity.
620 REV 14 intro q71v 0 # Revelation 14 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to gather ripe food from plants. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. This chapter uses the metaphor of two harvests. Jesus gathers in his people from the whole earth. Then an angel gathers in wicked people whom God will punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
621 REV 14 1 e7u7 0 General Information: The word “I” refers to John.
622 REV 14 1 ck6y 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb.
629 REV 14 3 ii11 τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων 1 the four living creatures “living being” or “living thing.” See how you translated “living creature” in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
630 REV 14 3 m75y τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 the elders This refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated “elders” in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md).
631 REV 14 3 q6fc translate-numbers ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 “one hundred forty-four thousand.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
632 REV 14 4 jet6 μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν 1 have not defiled themselves with women Possible meanings are 1) “have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman” or 2) “have never had sexual relations with a woman.” Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols. Possible meanings are (1) “have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman” or (2) “have never had sexual relations with a woman.” Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
633 REV 14 4 a7ir παρθένοι 1 virgins Possible meanings are 1) “they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife” or 2) “they are virgins.” Possible meanings are (1) “they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife” or (2) “they are virgins.”
634 REV 14 4 q3hg figs-metaphor οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες τῷ Ἀρνίῳ ὅπου ἂν ὑπάγει 1 the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. Alternate translation: “they do whatever the Lamb does” or “they obey the Lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
635 REV 14 4 mlw3 figs-metaphor ἠγοράσθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπαρχὴ 1 redeemed from among mankind as firstfruits “Firstfruits” here is a metaphor for the first offering to be made to God in celebration of harvest. Alternate translation: “purchased out of the midst of the rest of mankind as a special celebration of salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
636 REV 14 5 ga8p figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν οὐχ εὑρέθη ψεῦδος 1 No lie was found in their mouth Their “mouth” refers to what they said.” Alternate translation: “They never lied when they spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
654 REV 14 13 x62q οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ…ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 the dead who die “those who die”
655 REV 14 13 hy1a οἱ ἐν Κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 who die in the Lord “who are united to the Lord and die.” This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. Alternate translation: “who die because they are united to the Lord”
656 REV 14 13 vd4m τῶν κόπων 1 labors difficulties and sufferings
657 REV 14 13 v4xz figs-personification τὰ…ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 their deeds will follow them These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are 1) “others will know the good deeds these people have done” or 2) “God will reward them for their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are (1) “others will know the good deeds these people have done” or (2) “God will reward them for their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
658 REV 14 14 ft6v writing-symlanguage 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God’s judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
659 REV 14 14 gvw8 figs-simile ὅμοιον Υἱὸν Ἀνθρώπου 1 one like a son of man This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
660 REV 14 14 i8se στέφανον χρυσοῦν 1 golden crown This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
675 REV 15 1 w6lf ἀγγέλους ἑπτὰ ἔχοντας πληγὰς ἑπτὰ 1 seven angels with seven plagues “seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth”
676 REV 15 1 mw7g τὰς ἐσχάτας 1 the final plagues “and after them, there will not be any more plagues”
677 REV 15 1 ij3d figs-activepassive ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for these plagues will complete the wrath of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
678 REV 15 1 gdt5 ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed Possible meanings are 1) these plagues will show all of God’s anger or 2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry. Possible meanings are (1) these plagues will show all of God’s anger or (2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
679 REV 15 2 ytq6 0 General Information: Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God.
680 REV 15 2 n9yj figs-metaphor θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην 1 sea of glass How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are (1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” or (2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
681 REV 15 2 pt8v figs-explicit τοὺς νικῶντας ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος αὐτοῦ 1 Those who had been victorious over the beast and over his image How they were victorious can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
682 REV 15 2 dbz9 figs-explicit ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 over the number representing his name How they were victorious over the number can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
683 REV 15 2 lra7 τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 the number representing his name This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md).
704 REV 16 3 sx66 figs-synecdoche τὴν θάλασσαν 1 the sea This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
705 REV 16 4 p4ae figs-metonymy ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ 1 poured out his bowl The word “bowl” refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: “poured out the wine from his bowl” or “poured out God’s wrath from his bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
706 REV 16 4 xu1y figs-synecdoche τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the rivers and the springs of water This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
707 REV 16 5 f35a τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the angel of the waters Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water or 2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water or (2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
708 REV 16 5 e45u figs-you δίκαιος εἶ 1 You are righteous “You” refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
709 REV 16 5 itg7 ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν 1 the one who is and who was “God who is and who was.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md).
710 REV 16 6 b6wa figs-metonymy αἷμα ἁγίων καὶ προφητῶν ἐξέχεαν 1 they poured out the blood of the saints and prophets Here “poured out the blood” means killed. Alternate translation: “they murdered God’s holy people and the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
761 REV 17 6 yqi7 τῶν μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ 1 the martyrs for Jesus “the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus”
762 REV 17 6 ydi9 ἐθαύμασα 1 I marveled amazed, surprised
763 REV 17 7 j412 figs-rquestion διὰ τί ἐθαύμασας 1 Why are you astonished? The angel used this question to gently scold John. Alternate translation: “You should not be astonished!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
764 REV 17 8 upm7 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
765 REV 17 8 usl4 figs-abstractnouns καὶ εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 Then it will go on to destruction The noun “destruction” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Then he will be destroyed” or “Then God will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
766 REV 17 8 glf1 figs-activepassive εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 it will go on to destruction The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
767 REV 17 8 r6h4 figs-activepassive ὧν οὐ γέγραπται τὰ ὀνόματα 1 those whose names have not been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whose names God did not write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
772 REV 17 10 d2wx ὁ εἷς ἔστιν 1 one is “one is king now” or “one king is alive now”
773 REV 17 10 kw95 figs-metaphor ὁ εἷς ἔστιν, ὁ ἄλλος οὔπω ἦλθεν 1 the other has not yet come; when he comes Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having come. Alternate translation: “the other has not yet become king; when he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
774 REV 17 10 v8vx figs-metaphor ἔλθῃ, ὀλίγον αὐτὸν δεῖ μεῖναι 1 he can remain only for a little while The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. Alternate translation: “he can be king only for a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
775 REV 17 11 b1ct ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν 1 is one of those seven kings Possible meanings are 1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or 2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them. Possible meanings are (1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or (2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
776 REV 17 11 w7sk figs-metaphor εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 it is going to destruction The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. Alternate translation: “it will certainly be destroyed” or “God will surely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
777 REV 17 12 gq2m 0 Connecting Statement: The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
778 REV 17 12 n2rd translate-unknown μίαν ὥραν 1 for one hour If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “for a very short time” or “for a very small part of a day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
810 REV 18 6 ec42 figs-metaphor ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν 1 Pay her back as she has paid others back The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “Punish her as she has punished others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
811 REV 18 6 pa62 figs-metaphor διπλώσατε 1 repay her double The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “punish her twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
812 REV 18 6 xba5 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν, κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν 1 in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. Alternate translation: “prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others” or “make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
813 REV 18 6 l3n5 κεράσατε…διπλοῦν 1 mix double the amount Possible meanings are 1) “prepare twice the amount” or 2) “make it twice as strong” Possible meanings are (1) “prepare twice the amount” or (2) “make it twice as strong”
814 REV 18 7 i9bm 0 Connecting Statement: The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman.
815 REV 18 7 we2t ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν 1 she glorified herself “the people of Babylon glorified themselves”
816 REV 18 7 yt32 figs-metonymy ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει 1 For she says in her heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “For she says to herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
926 REV 20 intro c7eh 0 # Revelation 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The thousand-year reign of Christ<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years, at the same time that Satan is bound. Scholars are divided over whether this refers to a future period of time or to Jesus reigning now from heaven. It is not necessary to understand this passage in order to translate it accurately. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Final rebellion<br><br>This chapter also describes what happens after the thousand years are ended. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God’s ultimate and final victory over sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Great white throne<br><br>This chapter ends with God judging all people who ever lived. God separates people who believe in Jesus from those who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Hades and the lake of fire<br>These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to translate these two places differently. They should not be made the same as each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br>
927 REV 20 1 rkv7 0 General Information: John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit.
928 REV 20 1 n8b8 καὶ εἶδον 1 Then I saw Here “I” refers to John.
929 REV 20 1 c18c Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md). This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
930 REV 20 2 r6es writing-symlanguage δράκοντα 1 dragon This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
931 REV 20 3 xj22 figs-explicit ἐσφράγισεν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 sealed it over him The angel sealed the pit to keep anyone from opening it. Alternate translation: “sealed it to prevent anyone from opening it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
932 REV 20 3 el4f figs-metonymy πλανήσῃ…τὰ ἔθνη 1 deceive the nations Here “nations” is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “deceive the people-groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
973 REV 21 4 w39g figs-metonymy ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν 1 He will wipe away every tear from their eyes Tears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears” or “God will cause them to not be sad anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
974 REV 21 5 rq2q figs-metonymy οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν 1 these words are trustworthy and true Here “words” refers to the message that they formed. Alternate translation: “this message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
975 REV 21 6 dq8n figs-parallelism τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God’s eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
976 REV 21 6 li7s figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or 2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or (2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
977 REV 21 6 bf1p ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or 2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.” Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or (2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.”
978 REV 21 6 wk2c figs-metaphor τῷ διψῶντι…τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς 1 To the one who thirsts…water of life God speaks of a person’s desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
979 REV 21 7 vms6 0 Connecting Statement: The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John.
980 REV 21 8 hma7 τοῖς…δειλοῖς 1 the cowards “those who are too afraid to do what is right”
1017 REV 22 1 yn2p figs-metaphor ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the water of life Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1018 REV 22 1 mxp4 writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1019 REV 22 2 l2aq figs-metonymy τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 the nations Here “nations” refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate translation: “the people of all nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1020 REV 22 3 d5fq πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι 1 There will no longer be any curse Possible meanings are 1) “There will never be anyone there that God will curse” or 2) “There will not be anyone there who is under God’s curse” Possible meanings are (1) “There will never be anyone there that God will curse” or (2) “There will not be anyone there who is under God’s curse”
1021 REV 22 3 by36 οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ 1 his servants will serve him Possible meanings of “his” and “him” are 1) both words refer to God the Father, or 2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one. Possible meanings of “his” and “him” are (1) both words refer to God the Father, or (2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
1022 REV 22 4 zy4x figs-idiom ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ 1 They will see his face This is an idiom, meaning to be in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “They will be in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023 REV 22 6 j51i figs-explicit 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the end of John’s vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking. This can be shown clearly as is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1024 REV 22 6 xaw8 figs-metonymy οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί 1 These words are trustworthy and true Here “words” refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “This message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1025 REV 22 6 cr31 figs-metonymy ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν 1 the God of the spirits of the prophets Possible meanings are 1) the word “spirits” refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” or 2) the word “spirits” refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Possible meanings are (1) the word “spirits” refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” or (2) the word “spirits” refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1026 REV 22 7 p72h ἰδοὺ 1 Look! Here Jesus begins to speak. The word “Look” adds emphasis to what follows.
1027 REV 22 7 afr9 figs-explicit ἔρχομαι ταχύ 1 I am coming quickly! It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “I am coming to judge soon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1028 REV 22 8 xr17 0 General Information: John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel.
1032 REV 22 10 xc15 figs-metonymy τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου 1 the words of the prophecy of this book Here “words” refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](../22/07.md). Alternate translation: “This prophetic message of this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1033 REV 22 12 idc6 writing-endofstory 0 General Information: As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
1034 REV 22 13 f5jl figs-parallelism τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1035 REV 22 13 uup6 figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and the omega These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or 2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and who ends all things” or (2) “the one who has always lived and who always will live.” If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1036 REV 22 13 cpl9 figs-merism ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος 1 the first and the last This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1037 REV 22 13 nnm2 ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end Possible meanings are 1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or 2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). Possible meanings are (1) “the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end” or (2) “the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md).
1038 REV 22 14 r16s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues giving his closing greeting.
1039 REV 22 14 i54w figs-metaphor οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν 1 those who wash their robes Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one’s clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1040 REV 22 15 aw1h ἔξω 1 Outside This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter.
1044 REV 22 16 g9uj figs-metaphor ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός 1 the bright morning star Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated “morning star” in [Revelation 2:28](../02/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1045 REV 22 17 gig5 0 Connecting Statement: This verse is a response to what Jesus said.
1046 REV 22 17 lt8j figs-metaphor ἡ νύμφη 1 the Bride Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1047 REV 22 17 m9at figs-explicit ἔρχου 1 Come! Possible meanings are 1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” or 2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Possible meanings are (1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” or (2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1048 REV 22 17 e2m5 figs-metaphor ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω…ὕδωρ ζωῆς 1 the one who is thirsty…the water of life A person’s desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1049 REV 22 17 dwb6 figs-metaphor ὕδωρ ζωῆς 1 the water of life Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1050 REV 22 18 fd5l 0 General Information: John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation.