Update 'jit/writing-proverbs/01.md'

Deleted bad translation strategy  Issue 105

00-tM_front&back/tM-11-Intro.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 The Translation Manual is an open licensed manual on Bible translation. It teaches the basics of translation theory and a process for doing Bible translation, it provides practical helps for dealing with various translation issues, and it provides instruction and processes for checking translations.
 
-The Translation Manual is intended to empower anyone, anywhere to equip themselves for creating high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. The manual is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
+The Translation Manual is intended to empower anyone, anywhere to equip themselves for creating high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. The manual is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach, or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
 
-The Translation Manual is written primarily for mother-tongue Bible translators who have had little or no prior training in translation. The English version of the manual is primarily for people who speak English as a second language. Because of this we have tried to keep the writing style easy to understand.
+The Translation Manual is written primarily for mother-tongue Bible translators who have had little or no prior training in translation. The English version of the manual is primarily for people who speak English as a second language. Because of this, we have tried to keep the writing style easy to understand.
 
 **You can learn more about the Translation Manual** in the Appendix to the Translation Manual, rc://en_tm/00-tM_front&back/tM-3-Appendix.md. It has the following sections:
 * Decisions Concerning the Translation Manual

checking/chk-team-check/01.md

@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ The translators will check the translation during MAST steps 5-8. They should ch
 4. Each verse is carefully checked comparing the drafted text to the original source text, looking for any missing portions or added material. This check is typically done with the translator of the passage and at least one other translator--preferably a different translator than the one who assisted in the keyword check. For more information, see [Verse-by-verse Check (MAST Step 8)](../chk-verse-by-verse/01.md) .
 
 When the team has completed these steps, has incorporated the edits into the translated portion, and is collectively satisfied with the product, they then affirm the following:
-  * that the translation is accurate
-  * that the translation is in line with the statement of faith
-  * that they followed the MAST process, including each checking step,
-  * that they used the available resources to check and refine their work.
+
+* that the translation is accurate
+* that the translation is in line with the statement of faith
+* that they followed the MAST process, including each checking step
+* that they used the available resources to check and refine their work.
 
 Then they are welcome to upload the translation to the Wycliffe Associates content server where the work can be seen on [bibleineverylanguage.org](https://bibleineverylanguage.org). This enables the broadest reach of the content as an active project, with an open invitation to others in the language community (implied or direct) to help improve the translation.
 

checking/chk-team-check/title.md

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Translation Team Check
+Checking a Translation

checking/re-church-review/01.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Here are some questions to ask yourselves while reviewing a portion of scripture
 
 Here are some general questions to ask concerning the translation. If the answer is no to any of these questions, please note the area in the text that is a concern and explain your concern to the translators. 
 
-1. Does the translation conform to the [Statement of Faith](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md) and the [Qualities of a Good Translation](../../translate/guidelines-intro/01.md)?
+1. Does the translation conform to the [Statement of Faith](../../cobt/statement-of-faith/01.md) and the [Qualities of a Good Translation](../../translate/guidelines-intro/01.md)?
 2. Does the translation have the qualities described in the rubric that the translators used?
 3. Did the translators show a good understanding of the source language as well as the target language and culture?
 4. Does the language community affirm that the translation speaks in a clear and natural way in their language?
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Translation Notes and Translation Words are embedded in BTT Writer. All of these
 Key elements of the church leadership review are:  
 
 1. Church leaders from multiple church networks or denominations read (or listen to) the translated scriptures and contribute to their improvement.
-2. The church leaders refer to the WA translation helps and to their own Bible reference books to ensure accuracy and completeness of the translation.
+2. The church leaders refer to the WA translation resources and to their own Bible reference books to ensure accuracy and completeness of the translation.
 3. The translators are responsible to respond to feedback and implement changes in the translation where needed. 
 
 

checking/toc.yaml

@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ sections:
       - title: "The Church's Authority to Assess Quality"
         link: qa-authority
   - title: "Checking a Translation"
-    sections:
-      - title: "Translation Team Check"
     link: chk-team-check
+    sections:
       - title: "Self-Edit"
         link: chk-self-edit
       - title: "Peer-Edit"

cobt/cobt-defined/01.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Church-owned Bible translation (COBT) is a paradigm for Bible translation based on the following four beliefs about the local church and the Bible. We define "local church" as a community of believers who have the same heart language.
+
+1. **The local church has the authority to translate the Bible into its own language.** God’s Spirit resides in every believer. He provides wisdom and gives each believer authority to share, teach, or translate God’s Word according to the specific abilities and opportunities God has given him.
+1. **The local church has the responsibility to translate the Bible into its own language.** God gives local believers the responsibility to evangelize and disciple their community. Translating the scripture into the heart language of the people is an essential part of that responsibility.
+1. **The local church with bilingual local believers has the ability to translate the Bible into their language.** The local believers understand their language and culture better than an outsider, and typically, the local multilingual believers have skill in sharing meaning through oral translation. 
+1. **The local believers are accountable to one another and to God for translating the Scripture** accurately and clearly in their heart language and for making it accessible to the community.
+
+The six behaviors of church-owned Bible translation are: 
+
+1. Mother-tongue speakers, in fellowship with their local church, take responsibility for translating the Bible into the heart language of their local community
+1. The local church manages community accessibility to the translated scripture.
+1. Continuing refinement and revision will take place within the community, with mother-tongue Christian speakers.
+1. The church engages the local community in Scripture usage.
+1. The local church shares the concept and methodology of church-owned Bible translation with other language communities.
+1. The local church takes ownership of generational revisions and updates to the Scripture.

cobt/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+cobt-defined:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+finding-answers:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+gl-strategy:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+guidelines-church-approved:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+guidelines-collaborative:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+guidelines-ongoing:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+mast-intro:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+open-license:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+statement-of-faith:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+translate-why:
+  recommended:
+  dependencies: []
+wa:
+  recommended: []
+  dependencies: []

cobt/gl-strategy/01.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+A gateway language (GL) is a language into which all our translation resources are being made available to help language communities translate scripture themselves. 
+
+Many people would not be able to use WA resources if they were only in English.  So, WA has chosen certain national languages, languages of education, and trade languages to be gateway languages. Teams translate these resources into gateway languages so that bilingual translators can then translate the Bible from a gateway language into their own language.  

cobt/gl-strategy/title.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Gateway Languages
+

cobt/open-license/01.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+The **Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License** (see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) provides all the needed rights for translation and distribution of biblical content and ensures that the content remains open. Except where otherwise noted, all our content is licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.
+
+The official license applied to the content on bibleineverylanguage.org is found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode. Below is a summary of that license.
+
+### Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
+
+This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license (see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
+
+#### You are free to:
+
+* **Share** — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
+* **Adapt** — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
+
+The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
+
+#### Under the following conditions:
+
+* **Attribution** — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
+* **ShareAlike** — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
+
+**No additional restrictions** — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
+
+#### Notices:
+
+You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
+
+No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
+
+Suggested attribution statement for derivative works: "Original work created by the Door43 World Missions Community, available at https://door43.org/, and released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ ). This work has been changed from the original, and the original authors have not endorsed this work."
+
+### Attribution
+
+When resources are made available at bibleineverylanguage.org , the original work must be attributed as specified by the open license under which it is available.
+
+Contributors to projects on bibleineverylanguage.org agree that **the attribution that occurs automatically in the revision history of every page is sufficient attribution for their work.** That is, every contributor on bibleineverylanguage.org  may be listed as "the bibleineverylanguage.org World Missions Community" or something to that effect.
+
+### Source Texts
+
+Source texts may only be used if they have one of the following licenses:
+
+* **CC0 Public Domain Dedication (CC0** (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
+* **CC Attribution (CC BY)** (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
+* **CC Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)** (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
+* **Free Translate License** (https://ufw.io/freetranslate/)
+
+See [Copyrights, Licensing, and Source Texts](../../translate/translate-source-licensing/01.md) for more information.
+

cobt/open-license/sub-title.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+What freedoms do users have with Bible In Every Language content?

cobt/statement-of-faith/01.md

@@ -1,21 +1,16 @@
-Our Statement of Faith consists of the following essential beliefs.
+Our Statement of Faith consists of the following beliefs.
 
-### Essential Beliefs
 We consider essential beliefs to be those that define us as believers in Jesus Christ. These cannot be disregarded or compromised. 
 
 We believe:
 
 * The Bible is divinely inspired by God and has final authority.
 * God is one and exists in three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.
-* Because of the fall of man, all humans are sinful, and in need of salvation.
+* Because of the fall of man, all humans are sinful and in need of salvation.
 * The death of Christ is a substitute for sinners and provides for the cleansing of those who believe.
 * By God’s grace, through faith, man receives salvation as a free gift because of Jesus’ death and resurrection.
 * The resurrection of all—the saved to eternal life and the lost to eternal punishment.
 
-### Peripheral Beliefs
-
-Peripheral beliefs are those beliefs based on Scripture where sincere believers may have disagreements in their interpretation. These include areas such as modes of baptism, the rapture, the second coming of Christ, the Lord’s Supper and church practices. On peripheral beliefs, we can agreeably accept differences.
-
 All contributors to the Bible In Every Language website (see https://bibleineverylanguage.org) agree to translate the Bible in harmony with standard Christian doctrine as expressed in the Statement of Faith.
 
 ### Divine Familial Terms

cobt/toc.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+title: "Church-Owned Bible Translation"
+sections: 
+  - title: "Introduction to Church-Owned Bible Translation"
+    link: wa
+  - title: "Church-Owned Bible Translation Defined"
+    link: cobt-defined
+  - title: "Why We Translate the Bible"
+    link: translate-why
+  - title: "Statement of Faith and Divine Familial Terms"
+    link: statement-of-faith
+  - title: "Church Affirmation"
+    link: guidelines-church-approved
+  - title: "Collaboration"
+    link: guidelines-collaborative
+  - title: "Ongoing Translation"
+    link: guidelines-ongoing
+  - title: "Open Copyright License"
+    link: open-license
+  - title: "Gateway Languages"
+    link: gl-strategy
+  - title: "WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources"
+    link: finding-answers
+  - title: "MAST Bible Translation Process"
+    link: mast-intro

cobt/wa/01.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+This section introduces church-owned Bible translation. It has the following topics:
+
+* [Church-Owned Bible Translation Defined](../../cobt/cobt-defined/01.md)
+* [Why We Translate the Bible](../../cobt/translate-why/01.md)
+* [Statement of Faith and Divine Familial Terms](../../cobt/statement-of-faith/01.md)
+* [Church Affirmation](../../cobt/guidelines-church-approved/01.md)
+* [Collaboration](../../cobt/guidelines-collaborative/01.md)
+* [Ongoing Translation](../../cobt/guidelines-ongoing/01.md)
+* [Open License](../../cobt/open-license/01.md)
+* [Gateway Languages Strategy](../../cobt/gl-strategy/01.md)
+* [WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources](../../cobt/finding-answers/01.md)
+* [MAST Bible Translation Process](../../cobt/mast-intro/01.md)

cobt/wa/title.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Introduction to Church-Owned Bible Translation

intro/cobt-defined/01.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Church-owned Bible translation (COBT) is a paradigm for Bible translation based on the following beliefs about the local church. We define "local church" as a community of believers who have the same heart language.
-
-1. **The local church has the authority to translate the Bible into its own language.** We believe that God's Spirit gives each believer authority and wisdom to steward God's word in his sphere of influence. 
-2. **The local church has the responsibility to translate the Bible into its own language.** We believe that God gives local believers the responsibility to evangelize and disciple their community. Translating the scripture into the heart language of the people is essential for Bible-based evangelism and discipleship.
-3. **If the local church has multilingual members who can understand a Bible in another language, then the local church has the ability to translate the Bible into their own language.**  These local believers are experts in their own language and culture; they naturally understand their language’s vocabulary and grammar more deeply than an outsider could. And those who are multi-lingual typically have skill in transferring messages across languages. These people can increase their ability to translate the Bible well by learning about translation and by using translation helps to better understand the scripture they are translating from.
-4. **The local believers are accountable to one another and to God for translating the Scripture** accurately and clearly in their heart language and for making it accessible to the community.
-
-The key elements of church-owned Bible translation are: 
-
-1. Vision - The church understands and takes responsibility for translating the Bible and completing the translation.
-2. Translation - The church works as a team to translate the scripture into their own heart language. 
-3. Accessibility - The church ensures that the community has access to the  translation. 
-4. Refinement and revision - The church seeks input from the community and other church leaders; the church manages the refinement and revision process; the church uses available resources for ensuring the quality of the translation.
-5. Generational ownership - The church decides when revisions are needed as the language changes and as newer and better resources are made available for improving the quality of the translation.
-6. Sharing COBT - The church tells other language communities about church-owned Bible translation and partners with them so that they too can promote it in their languages.

intro/config.yaml

@@ -1,39 +1,6 @@
-cobt-defined:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-finding-answers:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-gl-strategy:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-guidelines-church-approved:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-guidelines-collaborative:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-guidelines-ongoing:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-mast-intro:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-open-license:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-statement-of-faith:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
 ta-intro:
   recommended: []
   dependencies: []
 translate-terms:
   recommended:
   dependencies: []
-translate-why:
-  recommended:
-  dependencies: []
-wa:
-  recommended: []
-  dependencies: []

intro/gl-strategy/01.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-
-The Gateway Languages Strategy endeavors to equip all people groups with access to the Bible, biblical content, translation training, and translation resources in a language that bilingual people in those groups understand well. Those bilingual people can then translate the Bible and biblical content into a language they understand fully, that is, their own language. 
-
-A **gateway language** (GL) is a language of wider communication into which all our translation tools and resources will be made available. Bilingual speakers use gateway language resources to help them translate the Bible into their own heart language.
-
-Many gateway languages are national languages, languages of education, or trade languages within a country. Just as countries vary in their number of national or recognized languages, many will have more than one gateway language. India, for example, has several gateway languages, while Mozambique has only one. In addition, some gateway languages are used in multiple countries or even on multiple continents. For example, Portuguese is a gateway language from which bilingual speakers in Brazil and in several countries in Africa can translate the Bible into their heart language.
-
-The Gateway Languages Strategy prioritizes developing content and making it available in these diverse languages of the world. This provides tools to empower minority language communities to translate scripture themselves. 
-

intro/gl-strategy/title.md

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Gateway Languages Strategy
-

intro/open-license/01.md

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-
-### A License for Freedom
-
-To achieve **unrestricted biblical content in every language**, a license is needed that gives the global Church "unrestricted" access. We believe this movement will become unstoppable when the Church has unrestricted access. The **Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License** (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) provides all the needed rights for translation and distribution of biblical content and ensures that the content remains open. Except where otherwise noted, all our content is licensed CC BY-SA.
-
-*The official license for Door43 is found at https://door43.org/en/legal/license.*
-
-### Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
-
-This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
-
-#### You are free to:
-
-* **Share** — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
-* **Adapt** — remix, transform, and build upon the material
-
-for any purpose, even commercially.
-
-The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
-
-#### Under the following conditions:
-
-* **Attribution** — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-* **ShareAlike** — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
-
-**No additional restrictions** — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
-
-#### Notices:
-
-You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
-
-No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
-
-Suggested attribution statement for derivative works: "Original work created by the Door43 World Missions Community, available at http://door43.org/, and released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ ). This work has been changed from the original, and the original authors have not endorsed this work."
-
-### Attribution of Door43 Contributors
-
-When importing a resource into Door43, the original work must be attributed as specified by the open license under which it is available. For example, the artwork used in Open Bible Stories is clearly attributed on the project's main page (see http://openbiblestories.com).
-
-Contributors to projects on Door43 agree that **the attribution that occurs automatically in the revision history of every page is sufficient attribution for their work.** That is, every contributor on Door43 may be listed as "the Door43 World Missions Community" or something to that effect. The contributions of each contributor are preserved in the revision history for that work.
-
-### Source Texts
-
-Source texts may only be used if they have one of the following licenses:
-
-* **CC0 Public Domain Dedication (CC0** (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
-* **CC Attribution (CC BY)** (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
-* **CC Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)** (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
-* **Free Translate License** (http://ufw.io/freetranslate/)
-
-See [Copyrights, Licensing, and Source Texts](../../translate/translate-source-licensing/01.md) for more information.
-

intro/open-license/sub-title.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-What freedoms do users have with unfoldingWord content?

intro/ta-intro/01.md

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 
 The Translation Manual contains the following sections:
 
-* [Church-Owned Bible Translation](../wa/01.md) - This section introduces how Bible translation is done with Wycliffe Associates. Among other things, it describes the Gateway Languages Strategy and tells about translation tools and resources to support that strategy.
+* [Church-Owned Bible Translation](../../cobt/wa/01.md) - This section introduces how Bible translation is done with Wycliffe Associates. Among other things, it describes the Gateway Languages Strategy and tells about translation tools and resources to support that strategy.
 * [Translation Theory and Practices](../../translate/translate-manual/01.md) - This explains the basics of translation theory and provides simple explanations of standard practices.
-* [Translation Topics](../../jit/figs-intro/01.md) - These are practical translation helps, specifically targeting potential challenges, that are also linked from the Translation Notes.
-* [Quality Assurance](../../checking/qa-need/01.md) - This explains the processes by which the translators the church, and the community work together to ensure the quality of the translation.
-
+* [Quality Assurance](../../checking/qa-need/01.md) - This explains the processes by which the translators, the church, and the community work together to ensure the quality of the translation.
+* [Translation Topics](../../jit/intro/01.md) - These are practical translation helps, specifically targeting potential challenges, that are also linked from the Translation Notes.

intro/toc.yaml

@@ -1,29 +1,6 @@
-title: "Church-Owned Bible Translation"
+title: "Introduction to Translation Manual"
 sections:
   - title: "Translation Manual Sections"
     link: ta-intro
   - title: "Terms to Know"
     link: translate-terms
-  - title: "Church-Owned Bible Translation"
-    link: wa    
-    sections:
-      - title: "Church-Owned Bible Translation Defined"
-        link: cobt-defined
-      - title: "Why We Translate the Bible"
-        link: translate-why
-      - title: "Statement of Faith and Divine Familial Terms"
-        link: statement-of-faith
-      - title: "Church Affirmation"
-        link: guidelines-church-approved
-      - title: "Collaboration"
-        link: guidelines-collaborative
-      - title: "Ongoing Translation"
-        link: guidelines-ongoing
-      - title: "Open Copyright License"
-        link: open-license
-      - title: "Gateway Languages Strategy"
-        link: gl-strategy
-      - title: "WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources"
-        link: finding-answers
-      - title: "MAST Bible Translation Process"
-        link: mast-intro

intro/translate-terms/01.md

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The terms are listed below in four categories: "Translation," "Translation Produ
 
 **Meaning** - The underlying idea or concept that the text is trying to communicate to the reader or hearer. A speaker or writer can communicate the same meaning by using different forms of the language, and different people can understand different meanings from hearing or reading the same language form. In this way you can see that form and meaning are not the same thing.
 
-### Gramar and Figures of Speech
+### Grammar and Figures of Speech
 **Grammar** - The way that sentences are put together in a language. This has to do with the order of its various parts, such as if the verb goes first or last or in the middle.
 
 **Noun** - A kind of word that refers to a person, place, or thing. A proper noun is the name of a person or place. An abstract noun is a thing that we cannot see or touch, like "peace" or "unity." It refers to an idea or a state of being. Some languages do not use abstract nouns.

intro/wa/01.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-This section introduces church-owned Bible translation. It has the following topics:
-
-* [Church-Owned Bible Translation Defined](../../intro/cobt-defined/01.md)
-* [Why We Translate the Bible](../../intro/translate-why/01.md)
-* [Statement of Faith and Divine Familial Terms](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md)
-* [Church Affirmation](../../intro/guidelines-church-approved/01.md)
-* [Collaboration](../../intro/guidelines-collaborative/01.md)
-* [Ongoing Translation](../../intro/guidelines-ongoing/01.md)
-* [Open License](../../intro/open-license/01.md)
-* [Gateway Languages Strategy](../../intro/gl-strategy/01.md)
-* [WA Bible Translation Tools and Resources](../../intro/finding-answers/01.md)
-* [MAST Bible Translation Process](../../intro/mast-intro/01.md)

intro/wa/title.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Church-Owned Bible Translation

jit/bita-part1/01.md

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ This pattern is also seen in Psalm 119:32 where running in the path of God's com
 
 These patterns present three challenges to anyone who wants to identify them:
 
-####Determining whether or not there are paired ideas
+#### Determining whether or not there are paired ideas
 When looking at a particular expression, the translator needs to know whether or not it represents something. This can only be done by considering the surrounding text. The surrounding text shows us, for example, whether "lamp" refers concretely to a container with oil and a wick for giving light or whether "lamp" is an image that represents life. (see "FIRE or LAMP represents life" in [Biblical Imagery - Natural Phenomena](../bita-phenom/01.md)) In 1 Kings 7:50, a lamp trimmer is a tool for trimming the wick on an ordinary lamp. In 2 Samuel 21:17 the lamp of Israel represents King David's life. When his men were concerned that he might "put out the lamp of Israel," they were concerned that he might be killed.
 
 >Solomon also had made the cups, <u>lamp</u> trimmers, basins, spoons, and incense burners, all of which were all made of pure gold. (1 Kings 7:50 ULB)
 
 >Ishbi-Benob...intended to kill David. But Abishai son of Zeruiah rescued David, attacked the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, "You must not go to battle anymore with us, so that you do not put out the <u>lamp</u> of Israel." (2 Samuel 21:16-17 ULB)
 
-####Identifying paired ideas
+#### Identifying paired ideas
 When looking at particular metaphors in the Bible, it is not always obvious what two ideas are paired with each other. For example, it may not be immediately obvious that the expression, "It is God who puts strength on me like a belt" (Psalm 18:32 ULB) is based on the pairing of clothing with moral quality. In this case, the image of a belt represents strength. (see "Clothing represents a moral quality" in [Biblical Imagery - Man-made Objects](../bita-manmade/01.md))
 
-####Identifying combinations of paired ideas
+#### Identifying combinations of paired ideas
 Expressions that are based on these pairings of ideas frequently combine together in complex ways. Moreover, they frequently combine with—and in some cases are based on—common metonymies and cultural models. (see [Biblical Imagery - Common Metonymies](bita-part2) and [Biblical Imagery - Cultural Models](../bita-part3/01.md))
 
 For example, in 2 Samuel 14:7 below, "the burning coal" is an image for the life of the son, who represents what will cause people to remember his father. So there are two patterns of pairings here: the pairing of the burning coal with the life of the son, and the pairing of the son with the memory of his father.

jit/figs-123person/01.md

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ If using the third person to mean "I" or "you" would be natural and give the rig
 1. Use the third person phrase along with the pronoun "I" or "you."
     * **But David said to Saul, "<u>Your servant</u> used to keep <u>his</u> father's sheep."** (1 Samuel 17:34)
         * But David said to Saul, "<u>I, your servant</u>, used to keep <u>my</u> father's sheep."  
-  
 1. Simply use the first person ("I") or second person ("you") instead of the third person.
     * **Then Yahweh answered Job out of a fierce storm and said, "... Do you have an arm like <u>God's</u>? Can you thunder with a voice like <u>him</u>?** (Job 40:6, 9 ULB)
         * Then Yahweh answered Job out of a fierce storm and said, "... Do you have an arm like <u>mine</u>? Can you thunder with a voice like <u>me</u>?"

jit/figs-apostrophe/01.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 ### Description
 
-TESTING HTML: An apostrophe is a figure of speech in which a speaker turns his attention away from his listeners and speaks to someone or something that he knows cannot hear him. He does this to tell his listeners his message or feelings about that person or thing in a very strong way.
+An apostrophe is a figure of speech in which a speaker turns his attention away from his listeners and speaks to someone or something that he knows cannot hear him. He does this to tell his listeners his message or feelings about that person or thing in a very strong way.
 
 ### Reasons this is a translation issue
 

jit/figs-distinguish/01.md

@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ If people would understand the purpose of a phrase with a noun, then consider ke
         * <u>Because</u> idols are worthless, I hate those who serve them.
     * **Your <u>righteous</u> judgments are good.** (Psalm 119:39 ULB)
         * Your judgments are good <u>because</u> they are righteous.    
-  
 1. Use one of your language's ways for expressing that this is additional information.
     * **You are my Son, <u>whom I love</u>. I am pleased with you.** (Luke 3:22 ULB)
         * You are my Son. <u>I love you</u> and I am pleased with you.

jit/figs-doublet/01.md

@@ -33,17 +33,12 @@ If a doublet would be natural and give the right meaning in your language, consi
 ### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
 
 1. Translate only one of the phrase.
-
     * **... he attacked two men <u>more righteous</u> and <u>better</u> than himself ... (1 Kings 2:32 ULB)** (Daniel 2:9 ULB)
-      * ... he attacked two men who were <u>more righteous than himself ...  
-  
+        * ... he attacked two men who were <u>more righteous</u> than himself ...  
 1. If the doublet is used to intensify the meaning, translate one of the words and add a word that intensifies it such as "very" or "great" or "many."
-
     * **... King David was <u>old</u> and <u>advanced in years</u> ...** (1 Kings 1:1 ULB)
         * ... King David was <u>very old</u> ...  
-  
 1. If the doublet is used to intensify or emphasize the meaning, use one of your language's ways of doing that.
-
     * **... a lamb <u>without blemish</u> and <u>without spot</u>...** (1 Peter 1:19 ULB)
         * ... a lamb <u>without any blemish at all</u> ...
 

jit/figs-euphemism/01.md

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ If the euphemism would be natural and give the right meaning in your language, c
         * Mary said to the angel, "How will this happen, since <u>I have not lain with any man</u>?"
         * Mary said to the angel, "How will this happen, since <u>I have not been intimate with any man</u>?"
         * Mary said to the angel, "How will this happen, since <u>I have not been with any man</u>?"
-   
 1. State the information plainly without a euphemism if it would not be offensive.
     * **... they found Saul and his sons <u>fallen</u> on Mount Gilboa.** (1 Chronicles 10:8 ULB)
         * ... they found Saul and his sons <u>dead</u> on Mount Gilboa.

jit/figs-events/01.md

@@ -35,11 +35,9 @@ Readers might think that the events happened in the order that they are told. It
         * ... Herod ... locked John up in prison. Now <u>before John was put in prison,</u> when all the people were baptized, Jesus also was baptized....
     * **Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?** (Revelation 5:2 ULB)
         * Who is worthy to open the scroll <u>after</u> breaking its seals?  
-  
 1. If your language uses verb tense or aspect to show that an event happened before one that was already mentioned, consider using that.
     * **<sup>8</sup>Just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams' horns before Yahweh. As they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets ... <sup>10</sup>But Joshua commanded the people, saying, "Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then you must shout."** (Joshua 6:8-10 ULB)
         * <sup>8</sup>Just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams horns before Yahweh. As they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets...<sup>10</sup>But Joshua <u>had commanded</u> the people, saying, "Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then you must shout.  
-  
 1. If your language prefers to tell events in the order that they occur, consider reordering the events. This may require putting two or more verses together (like 5-6).
     * **<sup>8</sup>Just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams' horns before Yahweh. As they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets ... <sup>10</sup>But Joshua commanded the people, saying, "Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then you must shout."** (Joshua 6:8-10 ULB)
         * <sup>8-10</sup>Joshua commanded the people, saying, "Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then must you shout." Then just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams horns before Yahweh. As they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets....

jit/figs-exclamations/01.md

@@ -56,22 +56,18 @@ Languages have different ways of showing that a sentence communicates strong emo
         * You <u>are</u> such a worthless person!
     * **Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God!** (Romans 11:33 ULB)
         * Oh, the riches of the wisdom and the knowledge of God <u>are</u> so deep!  
-  
 1. Use an exclamation word from your language that shows the strong feeling. 
     * **They were extremely astonished, saying, "He has done all things well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak."** (Mark 7:37 ULB)
         * They were extremely astonished, saying, "<u>Wow</u>! He has done all things well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak."
     * **Ah, Lord Yahweh! For I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face!** (Judges 6:22 ULB)
         * __Oh no__, Lord Yahweh! I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face!   
-  
 1. Translate the exclamation word with a sentence that shows the feeling.
     * **<u>Ah</u>, Lord Yahweh! For I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face!** (Judges 6:22 ULB)
         * Lord Yahweh, <u>what will happen to me</u>? For I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face!"
         * <u>Help</u>, Lord Yahweh! For I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face!      
-   
 1. Use a word that emphasizes the part of the sentence that brings about the strong feeling.
     * **How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discovering!** (Romans 11:33 ULB)
         * His judgements are <u>so</u> unsearchable and his ways are <u>far</u> beyond discovering!   
-   
 1. If the strong feeling is not clear in the target language, then tell how the person felt.
     * **Gideon understood that this was the angel of Yahweh. Gideon said, "<u>Ah</u>, Lord Yahweh! For I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face!"** (Judges 6:22 ULB)
         * Gideon understood that this was the angel of Yahweh. <u>Gideon was terrified</u> and said, "<u>Ah</u>, Lord Yahweh! I have seen the angel of Yahweh face to face! (Judges 6:22 ULB)

jit/figs-exmetaphor/01.md

@@ -61,15 +61,13 @@ Consider using the same extended metaphor if your readers will understand it in
 1. If the target audience would think that the images should be understood literally, translate it as a simile by using "like" or "as." It may be enough to to do this in just the first sentence or two.
     * **Yahweh is <u>my shepherd</u>; I will lack nothing. He makes <u>me</u> to lie down in green pastures; <u>he leads me</u> beside tranquil water.** (Psalm 23:1-2 ULB)
         * Yahweh is <u>like</u> a shepherd to me, so I will lack nothing. <u>Like</u> a shepherd who makes his sheep lie down in green pastures and leads them by peaceful waters, Yahweh helps me to rest peacefully.  
-  
 1. If the target audience would not know the image, find a way of translating it so they can understand what the image is.
     * **My well beloved had a <u>vineyard</u> on a very fertile hill. He <u>spaded</u> it, removed the stones, and planted it with an <u>excellent kind of vine</u>. He built <u>a tower</u> in the middle of it, and also built a <u>winepress</u>. He waited for it to produce grapes, but it only produced <u>wild grapes</u>.** (Isaiah 5:1-2 ULB)
         * My well beloved had a <u>grapevine garden</u> on a very fertile hill. He <u>dug up the ground</u> and removed the stones, and planted it with <u>the best grapevines</u>. He built a <u>watchtower</u> in the middle of it, and also built <u>a tank where he could crush the juice out of the grapes</u>. He waited for it to produce grapes, but it produced <u>wild grapes that were not good for making wine</u>."   
-  
 1. If the target audience still would not understand, then state it clearly.
     * **Yahweh is <u>my shepherd</u>; I will lack nothing.** (Psalm 23:1 ULB)
         * Yahweh <u>cares for me</u> like a shepherd who cares for his sheep, so I will lack nothing.
     * **For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts <u>is</u> the house of Israel, and the man of Judah his pleasant planting; he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing; for righteousness, but, instead, a shout for help.** (Isaiah 5:7 ULB)
-      * For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts <u>represents</u> the house of Israel, and the men of Judah <u>are like</u> his pleasant planting; he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing; for righteousness, but, instead, there was a cry for help. <u>So as a farmer stops caring for a vineyard that produces bad fruit, <u>Yahweh will stop protecting Israel and Judah.</u>
+        * For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts <u>represents</u> the house of Israel, and the men of Judah <u>are like</u> his pleasant planting; he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing; for righteousness, but, instead, there was a cry for help.
  
 

jit/figs-explicit/01.md

@@ -49,11 +49,10 @@ If readers have enough assumed knowledge to be able to understand the full messa
         * But it will be more tolerable for those <u>wicked cities Tyre and Sidon</u> at the day of judgment than for you.
     * **Why do your disciples violate the traditions of the elders? For <u>they do not wash their hands</u> when they eat.** (Matthew 15:2 ULB)
         * Why do your disciples violate the traditions of the elders? For <u>they do not go through the ceremonial handwashing ritual to make them ritually clean</u> when they eat. 
-  
 1. If readers cannot understand the implicit information, then state that information clearly, but try to do it in a way that does not imply that the information was new to the original audience.
     * **Then a scribe came to him and said, "Teacher, I will follow you wherever you go." Jesus said to him, "Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head."** (Matthew 8:19, 20 ULB)
         * Jesus said to him, "Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests, but <u>I, the Son of Man</u>, have <u>no home to rest in. If you want to follow me, you will live as I live</u>."
     * **If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you** (Matthew 11:22 ULB)
         * If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But at the day of judgment, <u>God will punish you more severely</u> than he will punish them.
-        * If the mighty deeds which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But at the day of judgment, <u>God will punish them less severely<u> than he will punish you.
+        * If the mighty deeds which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But at the day of judgment, <u>God will punish them less severely</u> than he will punish you.
 

jit/figs-explicitinfo/01.md

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ If the explicit information of the source language sounds natural in the target
     * **And Abimelech came to the tower and fought against it and drew near to the door of the tower to burn it with fire.** (Judges 9:52 ESV)
         * Abimelech came to the tower and fought against it and drew near to the door of the tower <u>to burn it</u>.
         * Abimelech came to the tower and fought against it and drew near to the door of the tower <u>to set it on fire</u>.  
-  
     * **The centurion answered and said, "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof."** (Matthew 8:8 ULB)
         * The centurion <u>answered</u>, "Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof."
 

jit/figs-gendernotations/01.md

@@ -46,11 +46,9 @@ If people would understand that that masculine words like "man," "brother," and
         * Wise <u>people</u> die just like fools die.
     * **For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are <u>sons</u> of God.** (Proverbs 10:1 ULB) 
         * For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are <u>children</u> of God.  
-  
 1. Use a word that refers to men and a word that refers to women.
     * **For we do not want you to be uninformed, <u>brothers</u>, about the troubles we had in Asia.** (2 Corinthians 1:8)
         * For we do not want you to be uninformed, <u>brothers and sisters</u>, about the troubles we had in Asia. (2 Corinthians 1:8)  
-  
 1. Use pronouns that can be used for both men and women.
     * **If anyone wants to follow me, <u>he</u> must deny <u>himself</u>, take up <u>his</u> cross, and follow me."** (Matthew 16:24 ULB)
         * If <u>people</u> want to follow me, <u>they</u> must deny <u>themselves</u>, take up <u>their</u> cross, and follow me.

jit/figs-genericnoun/01.md

@@ -35,19 +35,15 @@ If your language can use the same wording as in the ULB to refer to people or th
 1. Use the word "the" in the noun phrase.
     * **Yahweh gives favor to <u>a good man</u>, but he condemns <u>a man who makes evil plans</u>.** (Proverbs 12:2 ULB)
         * Yahweh gives favor to <u>the good man</u>, but he condemns <u>the man who makes evil plans</u>. (Proverbs 12:2)  
-  
 1. Use the word "a" in the noun phrase.
     * **People curse <u>the man</u> who refuses to sell them grain ...** (Proverbs 11:26 ULB)
         * People curse <u>a man</u> who refuses to sell them grain ...  
-  
 1. Use the word "any, as in "any person" or "anyone."
     * **People curse <u>the man</u> who refuses to sell them grain ...** (Proverbs 11:26 ULB)
         * People curse <u>any man</u> who refuses to sell them grain ...  
-  
 1. Use the plural form, as in "people" (or in this sentence, "men").
     * **People curse <u>the man</u> who refuses to sell them grain ...** (Proverbs 11:26 ULB)
         * People curse <u>men</u> who refuse to sell them grain ...  
-  
 1. Use any other way that is natural in your language.
     * **People curse <u>the man</u> who refuses to sell them grain ...** (Proverbs 11:26 ULB)
         * People curse <u>whoever</u> refuses to sell them grain ...

jit/figs-go/01.md

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ If the word used in the ULB would be natural and give the right meaning in your
 1. Use the word "go," "come," "take," or "bring" that would be natural in your language.
     * **But you will be free from my oath if you <u>come</u> to my relatives and they will not give her to you.** (Genesis 24:41 ULB)
         * But you will be free from my oath if you <u>go</u> to my relatives and they will not give her to you.  
-  
 1. Use another word that expresses the right meaning.
     * **When you have <u>come</u> to the land that Yahweh your God gives you ...** (Deuteronomy 17:14 ULB)
         * When you have <u>arrived</u> at the land that Yahweh your God gives you ...

jit/figs-hendiadys/01.md

@@ -43,18 +43,15 @@ If the hendiadys would be natural and give the right meaning in your language, c
         * ... for I will give you <u>wise words</u> ... 
     * **... who calls you to <u>his own kingdom and glory</u>.** (1 Thessalonians 2:12 ULB)
         * ... who calls you to <u>his own glorious kingdom</u>.  
-    
 1. Substitute the describing noun with a phrase that means the same thing.
     * **... for I will give you <u>words and wisdom</u> ...** (Luke 21:15 ULB)
         * ... for I will give you <u>words of wisdom</u> ...
     * **... who calls you into <u>his own kingdom and glory</u>.** (1 Thessalonians 2:12 ULB)
         * ... who calls you to <u>his own kingdom of glory</u>.  
-  
 1. Substitute the describing adjective with an adverb that means the same thing.
     * **If you are <u>willing</u> and <u>obedient</u> ...** (Isaiah 1:19 ULB)
         * If you are <u>willingly obedient</u> ...     
-    
 1. Substitute other parts of speech that mean the same thing and show that one word describes the other.
-  * **If you are, <u>willing and obedient</u>** (Isaiah 1:19 ULB) - The adjective "obedient" can be substituted with the verb "obey."
+    * **If you are <u>willing and obedient</u>** (Isaiah 1:19 ULB) - The adjective "obedient" can be substituted with the verb "obey."
         * If you <u>obey willingly</u>
 

jit/figs-hyperbole/01.md

@@ -75,18 +75,15 @@ If the exaggeration or generalization would be natural and people would understa
 1. Express the meaning without the exaggeration.
     * **... thirty thousand chariots, six thousand men to drive the chariots, and troops <u>as numerous as the sand on the seashore</u>.** (1 Samuel 13:5 ULB)
         * ... thirty thousand chariots, six thousand men to drive the chariots, and <u>a great number of troops</u>.  
-  
 1. For a generalization, show that it is a generalization by using a phrase like "in general" or "in most cases."
     * **The one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame ...** (Proverbs 13:18 ULB)
         * <u>In general,</u> the one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame ...
     * **When you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words.** (Matthew 6:7)
         * When you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles <u>generally</u> do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words.   
-   
 1. For a generalization, add a word like "most" or "almost" to show that the generalization is not exact. 
     * **The <u>whole</u> country of Judea and <u>all</u> the people of Jerusalem went out to him.** (Mark 1:5 ULB)
         * <u>Almost all</u> the country of Judea and <u>almost all</u> the people of Jerusalem went out to him."
         * <u>Most</u> of the country of Judea and <u>most</u> of the people of Jerusalem went out to him."   
-   
 1. For a generalization that has a word like "all," always," "none," or "never," consider deleting that word.
     * **The <u>whole</u> country of Judea and <u>all</u> the people of Jerusalem went out to him.** (Mark 1:5 ULB)
         * The country of Judea and the people of Jerusalem went out to him.

jit/figs-idiom/01.md

@@ -46,10 +46,9 @@ If the idiom would be clearly understood in your language, consider using it. If
         * But when the young man began to think clearly
     * **... he ... <u>threw himself</u> into the sea.** (John 21:7 ULB)
         * ... he <u>dived</u> into the sea.  
-  
 1. Use an idiom that people use in your own language that has the same meaning.
     * **Let these words <u>go deeply into your ears</u> ...** (Luke 9:44 ULB)
         * <u>Be all ears</u> when I say these words to you ...
     * **My <u>eyes grow dim</u> from grief ...** (Psalm 6:7 ULB)
-      * I cry my <u>eyes out ...</u>
+        * I <u>cry my eyes out ...</u>
 

jit/figs-imperative/01.md

@@ -60,12 +60,10 @@ In the Bible, God blesses people by using imperatives. This indicates what his w
         * God said, "<u>There is now light</u>" and there was light.
     * **God blessed them and said to them, "<u>Be fruitful</u>, and <u>multiply</u>. <u>Fill</u> the earth, and <u>subdue</u> it. <u>Have dominion</u> over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, and over every living thing that moves upon the earth."** (Genesis 1:3 ULB)
         * God blessed them and said to them, "<u>My will for you is that you be fruitful</u>, and <u>multiply</u>. <u>Fill</u> the earth, and <u>subdue</u> it. <u>I want you to have dominion</u> over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, and over every living thing that moves upon the earth."     
-   
 1. If people would not understand that a sentence is used to cause something to happen, add a connecting word like "so" to show that what happened was a result of what was said.
     * **God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.** (Genesis 1:28 ULB)
         * God said, 'Let there be light,' <u>so</u> there was light.
         * God said, "Light must be;" <u>as a result</u>, there was light.     
-    
 1. If a command in the ULB functions as a condition, and people would not use a command that way, translate it as a condition with the words "if" and "then."
       * **Teach a child the way he should go, and when he is old he will not turn away from that instruction.** (Proverbs 22:6 ULB)
         * <u>If</u> you teach a child the way he should go, <u>then</u> when he is old he will not turn away from that instruction.

jit/figs-irony/01.md

@@ -41,15 +41,12 @@ If the irony would be understood correctly in your language, translate it as it
         * <u>You act like it is good to reject God's commandment</u> so you may keep your tradition!
     * **I did not come to call <u>righteous people</u>, but to call sinners to repentance.** (Luke 5:32)
         * I did not come to call <u>people who think that they are righteous</u>, but to call sinners to repentance.   
-  
 1. Translate the actual, intended meaning of the statement of irony.
     * **<u>How well</u> you reject the commandment of God so you may keep your tradition!** (Mark 7:9 ULB)
         * <u>You are doing a terrible thing</u> when you reject the commandment of God so you may keep your tradition!
     * **"Present your case," says Yahweh; "present your best arguments for your idols," says the King of Jacob. "<u>Let them bring us their own arguments; have them come forward and declare to us what will happen</u>, so we may know these things well. <u>Have them tell us of earlier predictive declarations</u>, so we can reflect on them and know how they were fulfilled."** (Isaiah 41:21-22 ULB)
         * "Present your case," says Yahweh; "present your best arguments for your idols," says the King of Jacob. "<u>Your idols cannot bring us their own arguments or come forward to declare to us what will happen</u> so we may know these things well. We cannot hear them because <u>they cannot speak</u> to tell us their earlier predictive declarations, so we cannot reflect on them and know how they were fulfilled."  
-  
 1. Translate it in a way that shows the speaker's feelings about the situation.
-
     * **<u>How well you reject</u> the commandment of God so you may keep your tradition!** (Mark 7:9 ULB)
         * <u>How dare you reject</u> the commandment of God so you may keep your tradition!
 

jit/figs-merism/01.md

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ If the merism would be natural and give the right meaning in your language, cons
 1. Identify what the merism refers to and include the parts.
     * **He will bless those who honor him, <u>both young and old</u>.** (Psalm 115:13 ULB)
         * He will bless <u>all those</u> who honor him, regardless of whether they are <u>young or old</u>.  
-  
 1. Identify what the merism refers to without mentioning the parts.
     * **<u>From the rising of the sun to its setting</u>, Yahweh's name should be praised.** (Psalm 113:3 ULB)
         * <u>In all places</u>, people should praise Yahweh's name.  

jit/figs-metaphor/01.md

@@ -72,31 +72,25 @@ If people do not or would not understand it, here are some other strategies.
 1. If the target audience does not realize that it is a metaphor, then change the metaphor to a simile. Some languages do this by adding "like" or "as."
     * **Yet, Yahweh, you are our father; we are the <u>clay</u>. You are our <u>potter</u>; and we all are the work of your hand.** (Isaiah 64:8 ULB)
         * Yet, Yahweh, you are our father; we are <u>like</u> clay. You are <u>like</u> a potter; and we all are the work of your hand.   
-   
 1. If the target audience would not know the **image**, see [Translate Unknowns](../translate-unknown/01.md) for ideas on how to translate that image.
     * **... Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you <u>to kick a goad</u>.** (Acts 26:14 ULB)
         * ... Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you to <u>kick against a pointed prodding stick</u>.   
-   
 1. If the target audience would not use that **image** for that meaning, use an image from your own culture instead. Be sure that it is an image that could have been possible in Bible times.
     * **Yet, Yahweh, you are our father; we are the <u>clay</u>. You are our <u>potter</u>; and we all are the work of your hand.** (Isaiah 64:8 ULB)
         * Yet, Yahweh, you are our father; we are the <u>wood</u>. You are our <u>carver</u>; and we all are the work of your hand.
         * Yet, Yahweh, you are our father; we are the <u>string</u>. You are the <u>weaver</u>; and we all are the work of your hand.   
-   
 1. If the target audience would not know what the **topic** is, then state the topic clearly. (However, do not do this if the original audience did not know what the topic was.)
     * **Yahweh lives; may <u>my rock</u> be praised. May the God of my salvation be exalted.** (Psalm 18:46 ULB)
         * Yahweh lives; <u>He is my rock</u>. May he be praised. May the God of my salvation be exalted.   
-   
 1. If the target audience would not know the intended **point of comparison** between the topic and the image, then state it clearly.
     * **Yahweh lives; may <u>my rock</u> be praised. May the God of my salvation be exalted.** (Psalm 18:46 ULB)
         * Yahweh lives; may he be praised because he <u>protects me like the rock under which I can hide from my enemies</u>. May the God of my salvation be exalted.
     * **... Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you <u>to kick a goad</u>.** (Acts 26:14 ULB)
         * ... Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? You <u>fight against me and hurt yourself like an ox that kicks against its owner's goad</u>.   
-   
 1. If none of these strategies are satisfactory, then simply state the idea plainly without using a metaphor.
     * **... I will make you <u>fishers of men</u>.** (Mark 1:17 ULB)
         * ... I will make you <u>people who gather men</u>.
         * ... Now you gather fish. I will make you <u>gather people</u>.  
 
-
 To learn more about specific metaphors, see [Biblical Imagery - Common Patterns](../bita-part1/01.md).
 

jit/figs-metaphordead/01.md

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ If people do not or would not understand it, here is a strategy to help.
 ### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
 
 1. If the metaphor is a common expression in the source language or expresses a patterned pair of concepts in a biblical language (a "dead" metaphor), then express the main idea in the simplest way preferred by your language.
-  
     * **... so also we might walk in newness of life.** (Romans 6:4 ULB) 
         * ... so also we might behave according to new way of living.
     * **Do you not know that his kindness is meant <u>to lead</u> you to repentance?** (Romans 2:4 ULB)

jit/figs-metonymy/01.md

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ If people would easily understand the metonym, consider using it. Otherwise, her
 1. Use the metonym along with the name of the thing it represents.
     * **He took the cup in the same way after supper, saying, "<u>This cup</u> is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.** (Luke 22:20 ULB)
         * He took the cup in the same way after supper, saying, "<u>The wine in this cup</u> is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.  
-  
 1. Use the name of the thing the metonym represents.
     * **The Lord God will give him <u>the throne</u> of his father, David.** (Luke 1:32 ULB)
         * The Lord God will give him <u>the kingly authority</u> of his father, David.

jit/figs-parables/01.md

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ A parable is a short story that is told to teach a truth. Though the events in a
         * Jesus said to them, "Do you bring a lamp inside the house to put it under a basket, or under the bed? You bring it in and you put it on <u>a high shelf</u>.
     * **Then Jesus presented another parable to them. He said, "The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed which a man took and <u>sowed</u> in his field. This seed is indeed the smallest of all seeds. But when it has grown, it is greater than the garden plants. It becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."** (Matthew 13:31-32 ULB)
         * Then Jesus presented another parable to them. He said, "The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed which a man took and <u>planted</u> in his field. This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds. But when it has grown, it is greater than the garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."  
-  
 1. If the teaching of the parable is unclear, consider telling a little about what it teaches in the introduction, such as "Jesus told this story about being generous."
     * **<u>Then Jesus presented another parable to them.</u> He said, "The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed which a man took and sowed in his field. This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds. But when it has grown, it is greater than the garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."** (Matthew 13:31-32 ULB)
         * <u>Then Jesus presented to them another parable, which is about how the Kingdom of God grows</u>. He said, "The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed which a man took and sowed in his field. This seed is indeed the smallest of all other seeds. But when it has grown, it is greater than the garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."

jit/figs-parallelism/01.md

@@ -75,11 +75,9 @@ For most kinds of parallelism, it is good to translate both of the clauses or ph
         * Yahweh pays attention to everything a person does.
     * **For Yahweh has a lawsuit with his people, and he will fight in court against Israel.** (Micah 6:2 ULB)
         * For Yahweh has a lawsuit with his people, Israel.  
-  
 1. If it appears that the clauses are used together to show that what they say is really true, you could include words that emphasize the truth such as "truly" or "certainly."
     * **Yahweh sees everything a person does and watches all the paths he takes.** (Proverbs 5:21 ULB)
         * Yahweh <u>truly</u> sees everything a person does.  
-  
 1. If it appears that the clauses are used together to intensify an idea in them, you could use words like "very," "completely" or "all."
     * **you have deceived me and told me lies.** (Judges 16:13 ULB)
         * <u>All</u> you have done is lie to me.

jit/figs-pastforfuture/01.md

@@ -33,11 +33,9 @@ If the past tense would be natural and give the right meaning in your language,
 1. Use the future tense to refer to future events.
     * **For to us a child <u>has been born</u>, to us a son <u>has been given</u>** ... (Isaiah 9:6a ULB)
         * For to us a child <u>will be born</u>, to us a son <u>will be given</u> ...  
-  
 1. If it refers to something that would happen very soon, use a form that shows that.
     * **Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>have handed</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."** (Joshua 6:2 ULB)
         * Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>am about to hand</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."  
-  
 1. Some languages may use the present tense to show that something will happen very soon.
     * **Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>have handed</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."** (Joshua 6:2 ULB)
         * Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>am handing</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."

jit/figs-personification/01.md

@@ -36,16 +36,13 @@ If the personification would be understood clearly, consider using it. If it wou
 1. Use words such as "like" or "as" to show that the sentence is not to be understood literally.
     * **... sin crouches at the door and desires to control you.** (Genesis 4:7 ULB)
         * ... it is <u>as if</u> sin crouches at the door and desires to control you.  
-  
 1. Add words or phrases that make the image more clear.
     * **... sin crouches at the door and desires to control you.** (Genesis 4:7 ULB)
         * ... sin is <u>like a wild animal</u> crouching at the door, desiring to control you.
         * ... sin is crouching at the door <u>in order to attack you,</u> and it desires to control you.  
-  
 1. Add words or phrases to to show how something is like a person or animal.
     * **... sin crouches at the door and desires to control you.** (Genesis 4:7 ULB)
         * ... <u>sin</u> is dangerous, like an animal crouching at the door and desiring to control you.  
-   
 1. Find a way to translate it without the personification. (Genesis 4:7 ULB)
     * **... sin crouches at the door and desires to control you.** 
         * You are in danger of sinning and not being able to stop sinning.  

jit/figs-possession/01.md

@@ -117,14 +117,12 @@ If possession would be a natural way to show a particular relationship between t
 1. Use an adjective to show that one describes the other.
     * **On their heads were something like <u>crowns of gold</u>** (Revelation 9:7)
         * On their heads were <u>**gold** crowns</u>  
-  
 1. Use a verb to show how the two are related.
     * **... Whoever gives you <u>a cup of water</u> to drink ... will not lose his reward.** (Mark 9:41 ULB)
         * ... Whoever gives you <u>a cup that **has** water in it</u> to drink ... will not lose his reward.
     * **Wealth is worthless on <u>the day of wrath</u>** (Proverbs 11:4 ULB)
         * Wealth is worthless on <u>the day when God **shows** his wrath</u>.
         * Wealth is worthless on <u>the day when God **punishes** people because of his wrath</u>.  
-  
 1. If one of the nouns refers to an event, translate it as a verb.
     * **Notice that I am not speaking to your children, who have not known or seen <u>the punishment of Yahweh your God</u>,** (Deuteronomy 11:2 ULB)
         * Notice that I am not speaking to your children who have not known or seen <u>how Yahweh your God **punished** the people of Egypt.</u>

jit/figs-quotations/01.md

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ If the kind of quote used in the source text would work well in your language, c
 1. If a direct quote would not work well in your language, change it to an indirect quote.
     * **He instructed him to tell no one, but told him, "<u>Go on your way, and show yourself to the priest and offer a sacrifice for your cleansing, according to what Moses commanded, for a testimony to them.</u>"** (Luke 5:14 ULB)
         * He instructed him to tell no one, but <u>to go on his way, and to show himself to the priest and to offer a sacrifice for his cleansing, according to what Moses commanded, for a testimony to them</u>."  
-  
 1. If an indirect quote would not work well in your language, change it to a direct quote.
     * **He instructed him, <u>to tell no one</u>, but told him, "Go on your way, and show yourself to the priest and offer a sacrifice for your cleansing, according to what Moses commanded, for a testimony to them."** (Luke 5:14 ULB)
         * He instructed him, "<u>Tell no one</u>. Just go on your way, and show yourself to the priest and offer a sacrifice for your cleansing, according to what Moses commanded, for a testimony to them."

jit/figs-quotesinquotes/01.md

@@ -46,16 +46,11 @@ A quotation may have a quote within it, and quotes that are inside of other quot
 ### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
 
 1. Alternate two kinds of quote marks to show layers of direct quotation as shown in the ULB text below.  
-  
     * **They said to him, "A man came to meet us who said to us, 'Go back to the king who sent you, and say to him, "Yahweh says this: 'Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up; instead, you will certainly die.'"'"** (2 Kings 1:6 ULB)  
-  
 1. Translate one or some of the quotes as indirect quotes in order to use fewer quote marks. 
-  
     * **They said to him, "A man came to meet us who said to us, 'Go back to the king who sent you, and say to him, "Yahweh says this: 'Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up; instead, you will certainly die.'"'"** (2 Kings 1:6 ULB)
         * They told him <u>that a man came to meet them who said to them</u>, "Go back to the king who sent you, and say to him, 'Yahweh says this: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up; instead, you will certainly die."'"   
-   
 1. If a quotation is very long and has many layers of quotation in it, indent the main overall quote, and use quote marks only for the direct quotes inside of it.  
-  
     * **They said to him, "A man came to meet us who said to us, 'Go back to the king who sent you, and say to him, "Yahweh says this: 'Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up; instead, you will certainly die.'"'"** (2 Kings 1:6 ULB)
         * They said to him,  
           A man came to meet us who said to us, "Go back to the king who sent you, and say to him, 'Yahweh says this: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up; instead, you will certainly die."'"

jit/figs-rpronouns/01.md

@@ -57,19 +57,15 @@ If a reflexive pronoun would have the same function in your language, consider u
         * If I should <u>self-testify</u>, my testimony would not be true.
     * **Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the Passover in order to <u>purify themselves</u>.** (John 11:55 ULB)
         * Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the Passover in order to <u>self-purify</u>.  
-  
 1. Emphasize a certain person or thing by referring to it in a special place in the sentence.
     * **<u>He himself</u> took our sickness and bore our diseases.** (Matthew 8:17 ULB)
         * <u>It was he who</u> took our sickness and bore our diseases.
     * **<u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were.** (John 4:2 ULB)
         * <u>It was not Jesus who</u> was baptizing, but his disciples were.  
-  
 1. Emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it. 
     * **But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he <u>himself</u> knew what he was going to do.** (John 6:6 ULB) 
         * But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he <u>personally</u> knew what he was going to do. 
-  
 1. Show that a person or thing was alone or did something alone by using a word like "alone."
-
     * **When Jesus realized that they were about to come and seize him by force to make him king, he withdrew again up the mountain <u>by himself</u>.** (John 6:15)
         * When Jesus realized that they were about to come and seize him by force to make him king, he withdrew again <u>alone</u> up the mountain.  
   

jit/figs-rquestion/01.md

@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ If using the rhetorical question would be natural and give the right meaning in
         * Will a virgin forget her jewelry, or a bride her sash? <u>Of course not!</u> Yet my people have forgotten me for days without number!
     * **Or what man among you is there who, if his son asks him for a loaf of bread, will give him a stone?** (Matthew 7:9 ULB)
         * Or what man among you is there who, if his son asks him for a loaf of bread, will give him a stone? <u>None of you would do that!</u>  
-  
 1. Change the rhetorical question to a statement or exclamation.
     * **What is the kingdom of God like, and what can I compare it to? It is like a mustard seed...** (Luke 13:18-19 ULB)
         * This is what the kingdom of God is like. It is like a mustard seed..."
@@ -79,11 +78,9 @@ If using the rhetorical question would be natural and give the right meaning in
         * You have insulted God's high priest!
     * **And why has it happened to me that the mother of my Lord should come to me?** (Luke 1:43 ULB)
         * How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to me!  
-  
 1. Change the rhetorical question to a statement, and then follow it with a short question.
     * **<u>Do you not still rule</u> the kingdom of Israel?** (1 Kings 21:7 ULB)
         * You still rule the kingdom of Israel, <u>do you not?</u>  
-  
 1. Change the form of the question so that it communicates in your language what the orignal speaker communicated in his.
     * **Or <u>what man among you is there who</u>, if his son asks him for a loaf of bread, <u>will give him a stone?</u>** (Matthew 7:9 ULB)
         * If your son asks you for a loaf of bread, <u>would you give him a stone</u>?

jit/figs-simile/01.md

@@ -42,15 +42,12 @@ If people would understand the correct meaning of a simile, consider using it. I
 ### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
 
 1. If people do not know how the two items are alike, tell how they are alike. However, do not do this if the meaning was not clear to the original audience.
-
     * The example below compares the danger that Jesus's disciples would be in with the danger that sheep are in when they are surrounded by wolves.
     * **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - 
         * See, I send <u>you out among wicked people</u> and you will be in danger from them <u>as sheep are in danger when they are among wolves</u>.
     * **For the word of God is living and active and sharper <u>than any two-edged sword</u>.** (Hebrews 4:12 ULB)
         * For the word of God is living and active and <u>more powerful than a very sharp two-edged sword</u>  
-  
 1. If people are not familiar with the item that something is compared to, use an item from your own culture. Be sure that it is one that could have been used in the cultures of the Bible.
-
     * In the example below Jesus compares people to sheep and wolves. If people do not know what sheep and wolves are, or that wolves kill and eat sheep, you could use some other animal that kills another.
     * **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>,** (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
         * See, I send you out <u>as chickens in the midst of wild dogs</u>,
@@ -58,7 +55,6 @@ If people would understand the correct meaning of a simile, consider using it. I
         * How often I wanted to gather your children together, <u>as a mother closely watches over her infants</u>, but you refused!
     * **If you have faith even as small <u>as a grain of mustard seed</u> ...** (Matthew 17:20)
         * If you have faith even as small <u>as a tiny seed</u> ...  
-  
 1. Simply describe the item without comparing it to another.
     * **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>,** (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
         * See, I send you out and <u>people will want to harm you</u>.  

jit/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-Wycliffe Associates is committed to serving and supporting only translations that comply with the statement on Divine Familial Terms (see: [Statement of Faith and Divine Familial Terms](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md))
+Wycliffe Associates is committed to serving and supporting only translations that comply with the statement on Divine Familial Terms (see: [Statement of Faith and Divine Familial Terms](../../cobt/statement-of-faith/01.md))
 
 ### Biblical Witness
 

jit/translate-bdistance/01.md

@@ -44,16 +44,12 @@ The strategies are all applied to Exodus 25:10 below.
 
 1. Use the measurements given in the ULB. These are the same kinds of measurements that the original writers used. Spell them in a way that is similar to the way they sound or are spelled in the ULB. (See [Borrow Words](../translate-transliterate.01.md))
     * "They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be <u>two and a half kubits</u>; its width will be <u>one kubit and a half</u>; and its height will be <u>one kubit and a half</u>."   
-   
 1. Use the metric measurements given in the UDB. The translators of the UDB have already figured how to represent the amounts in the metric system.
     * "They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be <u>one hundred and fifteen centimeters</u>; its width will be <u>sixty-nine centimeters</u>; and its height will be <u>sixty-nine centimeters</u>."   
-   
 1. Use measurements that are already used in your language. In order to do this you would need to know how your measurements relate to the metric system and figure out each measurement. For example, if you measure things using the standard foot length, you could translate it as below.
     * "They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be<u> 3 3/4 feet</u>; its width will be <u>2 1/4 feet</u>; and its height will be <u>2 1/4 feet</u>."   
-   
 1. Use the measurements from the ULB and include measurements that your people know in the text or a note. The following shows both measurements in the text.
     * "They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be <u>two and a half cubits (one hundred and fifteen centimeters)</u>; its width will be <u>one cubit and a half (sixty-nine centimeters)</u>; and its height will be <u>one cubit and a half (sixty-nine centimeters)</u>."   
-   
 1. Use measurements that your people know, and include the measurements from the ULB in the text or in a note. The following shows the ULB measurements in notes.
     * "They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be <u>one hundred and fifteen centimeters</u><sup>[1]</sup>; its width will be <u>sixty-nine centimeters</u> <sup>[2]</sup>; and its height will be <u>sixty-nine centimeters</u>." 
         * The footnotes would look like:   

jit/translate-bmoney/01.md

@@ -42,18 +42,14 @@ The translations strategies are all applied to Matthew 18:28 below.
 
 1. Use the Bible term and spell it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds. (see [Borrow Words](../translate-transliterate/01.md))
     * "... who owed him <u>one hundred denali</u>."  
-  
 1. Describe the value of the money in terms of what kind of metal it was made of and how many pieces or coins were used.
     * "... who owed him <u>one hundred silver coins</u>."  
-  
 1. Describe the value of the money in terms of what people in Bible times could earn in one day of work.
     * "... who owed him <u>one hundred days' wages</u>."  
-  
 1. Use the Bible term and give the equivalent amount in the text or a footnote.
     * "... who owed him <u>one hundred denarii</u>.<sup>[1]</sup>" 
         * The footnotes would look like:   
             <sup>[1]</sup>one hundred days' wages  
-  
 1. Use the Bible term and explain it in a footnote.
     * "... who owed him <u>one hundred denarii</u>.<sup>[1]</sup>"   
         <sup>[1]</sup>A denarius was the amount of silver that people could earn in one day of work.  

jit/translate-bvolume/01.md

@@ -85,13 +85,10 @@ The strategies are all applied to Haggai 2:16 below.
 
 1. Translate literally by using the number without a unit.
     * When you came to a heap of <u>twenty</u> of grain, there were only <u>ten</u>; and when you came to the wine vat to draw out <u>fifty</u>, there were only <u>twenty</u>.  
-  
 1. Use a generic word like "measure" or "quantity" or "amount."
     * When you came to a heap of <u>twenty amounts</u> of grain, there were only <u>ten</u>; and when you came to the wine vat to draw out <u>fifty amounts</u>, there were only <u>twenty</u>.  
-  
 1. Use the name of an appropriate container, such as "basket" for grain or "jar" for wine.
     * When you came to a heap of <u>twenty baskets</u> of grain, there were only <u>ten</u>; and when you came to the wine vat to draw out <u>fifty jars</u>, there were only <u>twenty</u>.  
-  
 1. Use a unit of measure that you are already using in your translation.
     * When you came to a heap of <u>twenty liters</u> of grain, there were only <u>ten</u>; and when you came to the wine vat to draw out <u>fifty liters</u>, there were only <u>twenty</u>.
 

jit/translate-bweight/01.md

@@ -37,16 +37,12 @@ The strategies are all applied to Exodus 38:29 below.
 
 1. Use the measurements from the ULB. These are the same kinds of measurements that the original writers used. Spell them in a way that is similar to the way they sound or are spelled in the ULB. (see [Borrow Words](../translate-transliterate/01.md))
     * "The bronze from the wave offering weighed <u>seventy talent and 2,400 sekel</u>."  
-  
 1. Use the metric measurements given in the UDB. The translators of the UDB have already figured how to represent the amounts in the metric system.
     * "The bronze that the people contributed was 2,450 kilograms plus 28 kilograms of bronze coins."
-  
 1. Use measurements that are already used in your language. In order to do this you would need to know how your measurements relate to the metric system and figure out each measurement.
     * "The bronze from the wave offering weighed <u>5,460 pounds</u>."  
-  
 1. Use the measurements from the ULB and include measurements that your people know in the text or a footnote. The following shows both measurements in the text.
     * "The bronze from the wave offering weighed <u>seventy talents (2,450 kilograms)</u> and <u>2,400 shekels (28 kilograms)</u>."  
-  
 1. Use measurements that your people know, and include the measurements from the ULB in the text or in a footnote. The following shows the ULB measurements in notes.
     * "The bronze from the wave offering weighed <u>5,460 pounds</u>.<sup>[1]</sup>"
         * The footnote would look like: 

jit/translate-fraction/01.md

@@ -60,13 +60,11 @@ If a fraction in your language would give the right meaning, consider using it.
       * It was like they <u>divided</u> the ocean <u>into three parts</u>, and <u>one part</u> of the ocean became blood.
   * **... then you must offer with the bull a grain offering of <u>three-tenths</u> of an ephah of fine flour mixed with <u>half a hin</u> of oil.** (Numbers 15:9 ULB)
       * ... then you must <u>divide</u> an ephah of fine flour <u>into ten parts</u> and <u>divide</u> a hin of oil <u>into two parts</u>. Then mix <u>three of those parts</u> of the flour with <u>one of the parts</u> of oil. Then you must offer that grain offering along with the bull. 
- 
 1. For measurements, use the measurements that are given in the UDB. The translators of the UDB have already figured how to represent the amounts in the metric system.
   * **The charge was <u>two-thirds of a shekel</u> ...** (1 Samuel 13:21 ULB)
       * They needed to pay about <u>eight grams</u> of silver ... (1 Samuel 13:21 UDB)
   * **... <u>three-tenths of an ephah</u> of fine flour mixed with <u>half a hin</u> of oil.** (Numbers 15:9 ULB)
       * ... about <u>six and one-half liters</u> of finely ground flour mixed with about <u>two liters</u> of olive oil. (Numbers 15:9 UDB) 
- 
 1. For measurements, use ones that are used in your language. In order to do that you would need to know how your measurements relates to the metric system and figure out each measurement.
   * **... <u>three-tenths of an ephah</u> of fine flour mixed with <u>half a hin</u> of oil.** (Numbers 15:9 ULB)
       * ... <u>six quarts</u> of fine flour mixed with <u>two quarts</u> of oil.

jit/translate-hebrewmonths/01.md

@@ -63,16 +63,12 @@ The examples below use these two verses.
   
 1. Tell the number of the Hebrew month.
     * At that time, you will appear before me in <u>the first month of the year</u>, which is fixed for this purpose. It was in this month that you came out from Egypt.  
-  
 1. Use the months that people know.
     * At that time, you will appear before me in <u>the month of March</u>, which is fixed for this purpose. It was in this month that you came out from Egypt.
     * It will always be a statute for you that <u>on the day I choose in late September</u> you must humble yourselves and do no work ...  
-  
 1. State clearly what season the month occurred in.
-
     * At that time, you will appear before me in <u>the spring, in the month of March</u>, which is fixed for this purpose. It was in this month that you came out from Egypt.
     * It will always be a statute for you that <u>in the autumn, on the tenth day of the seventh month,</u> you must humble yourselves and do no work ...  
-  
 1. Refer to the time in terms of the season rather than in terms of the month.
     * It will always be a statute for you that in <u>the day I choose in early autumn</u><sup>[1]</sup> you must humble yourselves and do no work ...
         * The footnote would look like: 

jit/translate-names/01.md

@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ The Bible has names of many people, groups of people, and places. Some of these
 
 * Readers may not understand why she said this if they do not know that the name Moses sounds like the Hebrew words "pull out."
 
-**Some people had places have more than one name.**
+**Some people and places have more than one name.**
 
-><u>Saul</u> was in agreement with his death. (Acts 8:1 ULB)<br>
+><u>Saul</u> was in agreement with his death. (Acts 8:1 ULB)
 
 >It came about in Iconium that <u>Paul</u> and Barnabas entered together into the synagogue ... (Acts 14:1 ULB) 
 
@@ -59,15 +59,12 @@ The Bible has names of many people, groups of people, and places. Some of these
         * You went over the <u>Jordan River</u> and came to the <u>city of Jericho</u>. The leaders of Jericho fought against you, along with <u>the tribe of the Amorites</u> ...
     * **Shortly after, some Pharisees came and said to him, "Go and leave here because <u>Herod</u> wants to kill you."** (Luke 13:31 ULB)
         * Shortly after, some Pharisees came and said to him, "Go and leave here because <u>King Herod</u> wants to kill you.   
-   
 1. If readers need to understand the meaning of a name in order to understand what is said about it, copy the name and tell about its meaning either in the text or in a footnote.
     * **She named him <u>Moses</u> and said, "Because I drew him from the water."** (Exodus 2:11 ULB)
         * She named him <u>Moses, which sounds like 'drawn out,'</u> and said, "Because I drew him from the water."   
-   
 1. Or if readers need to understand the meaning of a name in order to understand what is said about it, and that name is used only once, translate the meaning of the name instead of copying the name.
     * **... she said, "Do I really continue to see, even after he has seen me?" Therefore the well was called <u>Beer Lahai Roi</u>;** (Genesis 16:13-14 ULB)
         * ... she said, "Do I really continue to see, even after he has seen me?" Therefore the well was called <u>Well of the Living One who sees me</u>;   
-   
 1. If a person or place has two different names, use one name most of the time and the other name only when the text tells about the person or place having more than one name or when it says something about why the person or place was given that name. Write a footnote when the source text uses the name that is used less frequently.
     * One man is called "Saul" before Acts 13 and "Paul" after Acts 13. You could translate his name as "Paul" all of the time, except in Acts 13:9 where it talks about him having both names.
     * **... a young man named <u>Saul</u>.** (Acts 7:58 ULB)
@@ -76,9 +73,7 @@ The Bible has names of many people, groups of people, and places. Some of these
             <sup>[1]</sup>Most versions say Saul here, but most of the time in the Bible he is called Paul.
     * **But <u>Saul</u>, who is also called <u>Paul</u> ...** (Acts 13:9)
         * But <u>Saul</u>, who is also called <u>Paul</u> ...   
-   
 1. Or if a person or place has two names, use whatever name is given in the source text, and add a footnote that gives the other name.
-
     * For example, you could write "Saul" where the source text has "Saul" and "Paul" where the source text has "Paul."
     * **... a young man named <u>Saul</u>.** (Acts 7:58 ULB)
         * ... a young man named <u>Saul</u>.<sup>[1]</sup>

jit/translate-numbers/01.md

@@ -38,28 +38,19 @@ We will use the following verse in our examples:
     * **Now, see, at great effort I have prepared for the house of Yahweh <u>100,000</u> talents of gold, <u>one million</u> talents of silver, and bronze and iron in large quantities.** (1 Chronicles 22:14 ULB)
 
 1. Write numbers using numerals.
-
     * I have prepared for the house of Yahweh <u>100,000</u> talents of gold, <u>1,000,000</u> talents of silver, and bronze and iron in large quantities.  
-  
 1. Write numbers using your language's words or the gateway language words for those numbers.
-
     * I have prepared for the house of Yahweh <u>one hundred thousand</u> talents of gold, <u>one million</u> talents of silver, and bronze and iron in large quantities.  
-  
 1. Write numbers using words, and put the numerals in parenthesis after them.
-
     * I have prepared for the house of Yahweh <u>one hundred thousand (100,000)</u> talents of gold, <u>one million (1,000,000)</u> talents of silver, and bronze and iron in large quantities.  
-  
 1. Combine words for large numbers.
-
     * I have prepared for the house of Yahweh <u>a hundred thousand</u> talents of gold, <u>a thousand thousand</u> talents of silver, and bronze and iron in large quantities.  
-  
 1. Use a very general expression for very large rounded numbers and write the numeral in parentheses afterward.
-
     * I have prepared for the house of Yahweh <u>a great amount of gold (100,000 talents)</u>, <u>ten times that amount of silver (1,000,000 talents)</u>, and bronze and iron in large quantities.
 
 ### Consistency in Writing Numbers
 
-####Consistency in your translation
+#### Consistency in your translation
 
 Be consistent in your translations. Decide how the numbers will be translated, using numbers or numerals. There are different ways of being consistent.
 
@@ -70,7 +61,7 @@ Be consistent in your translations. Decide how the numbers will be translated, u
 * Use words for numbers that require few words and numerals for numbers that require more than a few words.
 * Use words to represent numbers, and write the numerals in parentheses after them.
 
-####Consistency in the ULB and UDB
+#### Consistency in the ULB and UDB
 
 The *Unlocked Literal Bible* (ULB) and the *Unlocked Dynamic Bible* (UDB) use words for numbers that have only one or two words (nine, sixteen, three hundred). They use numerals for numbers that have more than two words (the numerals "130" instead of "one hundred thirty").
 

jit/translate-ordinal/01.md

@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ If your language has ordinal numbers and using them would give the right meaning
         * There were <u>twenty-four</u> lots. <u>One lot</u> went to Jehoiarib, <u>the next</u> to Jedaiah,  <u>the next</u>  to Harim, ... <u>the next</u> to Delaiah, <u>and the last</u> went to  Maaziah.
     * **A river went out of Eden to water the garden. From there it divided and became <u>four</u> rivers. The name of <u>the first</u> is Pishon. It is the one which flows throughout the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good. There is also bdellium and the onyx stone. The name of <u>the second</u> river is Gihon. This one flows throughout the whole land of Cush. The name of <u>the third</u> river is Tigris, which flows east of Asshur. <u>The fourth</u> river is the Euphrates.** (Genesis 2:10-14 ULB)
         * A river went out of Eden to water the garden. From there it divided and became <u>four</u> rivers. The name of <u>one</u> is Pishon. It is the one which flows throughout the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good. There is also bdellium and the onyx stone. The name of <u>the next</u> river is Gihon. This one flows throughout the whole land of Cush. The name of <u>the next</u> river is Tigris, which flows east of Asshur. The <u>last</u> river is the Euphrates.  
-   
 1. Tell the total number of items and then list them or the things associated with them.
     * **The first lot went to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, ... the twenty-third to Delaiah, and the twenty-fourth to Maaziah.** (1 Chronicles 24:7-18 ULB)
         * They cast <u>twenty-four</u> lots. The lots went to Jerhoiarib, Jedaiah, Harim, Seorim, ... Delaiah, and Maaziah. 

jit/translate-symaction/01.md

@@ -37,13 +37,11 @@ If people would correctly understand what a symbolic action meant to the people
         * Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet in order to show that he greatly respected him ...
     * **Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking.** (Revelation 3:20 ULB)
         * Look, I am standing at the door and knocking on it, asking you to let me in. 
-  
 1. Do not tell what the person did, but tell what he meant.
     * **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet ...** (Luke 8:41)
         * Behold, a man named Jairus ... showed Jesus great respect ...
     * **Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking.** (Revelation 3:20)
         * Look, I am standing at the door and asking you to let me in. 
-  
 1. Use an action from your own culture that has the same meaning.
     * **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet ...** (Luke 8:41 ULB) - Since Jairus actually did this, we would not substitute an action from our own culture.
     * **Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking.** (Revelation 3:20 ULB) - Jesus was not standing at a real door. Rather he was speaking about wanting to have a relationship with people. So in cultures where it is polite to clear one's throat when wanting to be let into a house, you could use that.

jit/translate-textvariants/01.md

@@ -30,10 +30,7 @@ The translation strategies are applied to Mark 7:14-16 ULB, which has a footnote
 * <sup>14</sup>**He called the crowd again and said to them, "Listen to me, all of you, and understand. <sup>15</sup>There is nothing from outside of a person that can defile him when it enters into him. It is what comes out of the person that defiles him."** <sup>16[1]</sup><br/><br/>**<sup>[1]</sup>The best ancient copies do not have verse 16. *If any man has ears to hear, let him hear*.**  
   
 1. Translate the verses that the ULB does and include the footnote that the ULB provides.
-
     * <sup>14</sup>He called the crowd again and said to them, "Listen to me, all of you, and understand. <sup>15</sup>There is nothing from outside of a person that can defile him when it enters into him. It is what comes out of the person that defiles him." <sup>16[1]</sup><br/><br/><sup>[1]</sup>The best ancient copies do not have verse 16. *If any man has ears to hear, let him hear*.  
-  
 1. Translate the verses as another version does, and change the footnote so that it fits this situation.
-
     * <sup>14</sup>He called the crowd again and said to them, "Listen to me, all of you, and understand. <sup>15</sup>There is nothing from outside of a person that can defile him when it enters into him. It is what comes out of the person that defiles him. <sup>16</sup>If any man has ears to hear, let him hear." <sup>[1]</sup><br/><br/><sup>[1]</sup>The best ancient copies do not have verse 16.
 

jit/translate-transliterate/01.md

@@ -39,11 +39,9 @@ There are several ways to borrow a word.
 1. If your language uses a different script from the language you are translating from, you can simply substitute each letter shape with the corresponding letter shape of the script of your language.
     * **צְפַנְיָ֤ה** - A man's name in Hebrew letters.
         * Zephaniah - The same name in Roman letters  
-  
 1. You can spell the word as the other language spells it, and pronounce it the way your language normally pronounces those letters.
     * **Zephaniah** - This is a man's name.
         * Zephaniah - The name as it is spelled in English, but you can pronounce it according to the rules of your language.  
-  
 1. You can pronounce the word similarly to the way the other language does, and adjust the spelling to fit the rules of your language.
     * **Zephaniah** - If your language does not have the "z", you could use "s". If your writing system does not use "ph" you could use "f". Depending on how you pronounce the "i" you could spell it with "i" or "ai" or "ay".
         * Sefania

jit/translate-unknown/01.md

@@ -59,19 +59,16 @@ Here are ways you might translate a term that is not known in your language:
     * **your sins ... will be white like <u>snow</u>** (Isaiah 1:18 ULB) This verse is not about snow. It uses snow in a simile to help people understand how white something will be.
         * your sins ... will be white like <u>milk</u>
         * your sins ... will be white like <u>the moon</u>  
-  
 1. Copy the word from another language, and add a general word or descriptive phrase to help people understand it.
     * **Then they tried to give Jesus wine mixed with <u>myrrh</u>, but he refused to drink it.** (Mark 15:23 ULB) - People may understand better what myrrh is if it is used with the general word "medicine."
         * Then they tried to give Jesus wine mixed with <u>a medicine called myrrh</u>, but he refused to drink it.
     * **We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish.** (Matthew 14:17 ULB) - People may understand better what bread is if it is used with a phrase that tells what it is made of (seeds) and how it is prepared (crushed and baked).
         * We have here only five loaves of <u>baked crushed seed bread</u> and two fish.  
-  
 1. Use a word that is more general in meaning.
     * **So I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>jackals</u>**. (Jeremiah 9:11 ULB)
         * So I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>wild dogs</u>.
     * **We have here only five <u>loaves of bread</u> and two fish** (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
         * We have here only five <u>loaves of baked food</u> and two fish.  
-  
 1. Use a word or phrase that is more specific in meaning.
     * **... to him who made <u>great lights</u> ...** (Psalm 136:7 ULB)
         * ... to him who made <u>the sun and the moon</u> ...