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Author | SHA1 | Date |
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Larry Sallee | a04e208b15 | |
Larry Sallee | 20fc810ac7 | |
Jesse Griffin | 2983b03dd8 | |
Larry Sallee | 936504474f | |
Larry Sallee | 1144fdc84f | |
Larry Sallee | 18c4eb8371 | |
Jesse Griffin | 4be45983fd | |
Jesse Griffin | f8edd13e48 | |
Larry Sallee | 5f20473c93 | |
Larry Sallee | 88789b0db4 |
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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*unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories Translation Notes*
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*Copyright © 2019 by unfoldingWord*
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*Copyright © 2020 by unfoldingWord*
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This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). To view a copy of this license, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# the beginning
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This could mean **_the beginning of all things_**, before anything existed except God.
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This could mean ‘the beginning of all things,’ before anything existed except God.
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# created
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ God made man from the dust, or dry soil from the ground. This word should probab
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# formed it
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This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from **_create_** is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command.
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This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from ‘create’ is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command.
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# a man
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ In this event, God breathed both physical and spiritual life into the man.
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# Adam
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Adam’s name is the same as the Old Testament word for **_man_**, and similar to the word for **soil**, the substance from which he was formed.
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Adam’s name is the same as the Old Testament word for ‘man,’ and similar to the word for **soil**, the substance from which he was formed.
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# a large garden
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# not good
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This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was **_not yet good_** because God was not finished with the creation of humans.
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This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was ‘not yet good’ because God was not finished with the creation of humans.
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# alone
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The woman was the same type of being as Adam, even though there were important d
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# Woman
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This word is the feminine form of the word **_man_**.
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This word is the feminine form of the word ‘man.’
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# made from Man
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ God had a special, positive plan for the seventh day, and for every seventh day
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# made it holy
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That is, God **_set apart_** the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week.
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That is, God ‘set apart’ the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week.
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# the universe
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@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ This is a rhetorical question. God already knew the answer to this question. The
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If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked. So I hid.”
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# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked. So I hid.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid, because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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# childbirth very painful
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Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: **_I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children_**.
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Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: ‘I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children.’
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@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ The ultimate punishment for their disobedience was death. Spiritual death is our
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God created Adam from the soil and gave him life. As a result of sin, his life will be taken from him and his body will decompose and become soil again.
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# Eve, which means **_life-giver_**
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# Eve, which means “life-giver,”
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God gave life to Adam and Eve, and it is passed on to every person through childbirth.
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# the mother of all people
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This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages might say **_she would be the grandmother of all people_**.
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This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages might say ‘she would be the grandmother of all people.’
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here, this phrase points to a new way that Adam and Eve would be like God. Becau
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# like us
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The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word **_God_** is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word ‘God’ is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# good and evil
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Noah did not need to find the animals. God sent them to him.
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# used for sacrifices
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For some languages, it may be better to say something like, **_animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God_**. God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals.
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For some languages, it may be better to say something like, ‘animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God.’ God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals.
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# God himself closed the door
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ A small white or gray flying bird that eats seeds or fruit.
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# an olive branch
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An olive tree’s fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as: “branch from a tree called **_olive_**” or “branch from an oil-tree.”
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An olive tree’s fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as: “branch from a tree called ‘olive’” or “branch from an oil-tree.”
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# The water was going down
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@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
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This means two months after Noah released the dove from the ark. It may be necessary to say this explicitly if it is not clear.
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# God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Noah that he and his family and all the animals could leave the boat then, and have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# Have many children
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
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# never again
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This means **_not ever again_** or **_not again at any time_** or **_truly not again_**. Examples: **_I will not ever again curse the ground_** or **_I will not curse the ground again at any time_** or **_I will truly not curse the ground again_**.
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This means ‘not ever again’ or ‘not again at any time’ or ‘truly not again.’ Examples: ‘I will not ever again curse the ground’ or ‘I will not curse the ground again at any time’ or ‘I will truly not curse the ground again.’
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# curse the ground
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
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# Leave your country
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This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called **_Ur_**). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar.
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This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called ‘Ur’). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar.
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# and family
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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Somehow God made it clear to Abram where he was to go. The text doesn’t tell h
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# the land of Canaan
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The name of this land was **_Canaan_**. This could be translated as: “the land called Canaan.”
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The name of this land was ‘Canaan.’ This could be translated as: “the land called Canaan.”
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
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# Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Melchizedek blessed Abram and asked that God Most High who owns heaven and earth would bless Abram.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# Melchizedek
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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
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The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people.
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# in this case, God made a promise to Abraham
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# in this case, God made a promise to Abram
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The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abraham did.
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The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abram did.
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# God said, “I will give you a son from your own body. I give the land of Canaan to your descendants.”
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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Without a child, Abram had no descendants to become a great nation.
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# So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.”
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# So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children, and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him that since God had not allowed her to have children and now I am too old to have children, Abram should take her servant, Hagar, and marry her also so she could have a child for Sarai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# married
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Hagar became Abram’s concubine–a **_second wife_** of lower status. Hagar was still Sarai’s servant.
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Hagar became Abram’s concubine–a ‘second wife’ of lower status. Hagar was still Sarai’s servant.
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# became jealous of Hagar
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.”
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# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession, and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God also told Abram that Abram would be the father of many nations. God would give him and his descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and would be their God forever. Abram must circumcise every male in his family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# General Note
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# General Information
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God continues to speak to Abram.
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# princess
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A princess is a daughter of a king. The names Sarai and Sarah apparently both meant **_princess_**. But God changed her name to signify that she would be the mother of many nations, and some of her descendants would be kings.
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A princess is a daughter of a king. The names Sarai and Sarah apparently both meant ‘princess.’ But God changed her name to signify that she would be the mother of many nations, and some of her descendants would be kings.
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# God then blessed Abraham’s son, Isaac, because of the covenant he had made with Abraham
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# God then blessed Abraham’s son Isaac because of the covenant he had made with Abraham.
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The promises of the covenant that God made with Abraham were not for him only, but also for his descendants.
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# in Rebekah’s womb
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This could mean **_inside her_**.
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This could mean ‘inside her.’
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@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
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This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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# sent
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This word means that Jacob told Joseph to go and Joseph went.
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# his favorite son
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# because their father loved him most and because Joseph had dreamed
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# because their father loved him most, and because Joseph had dreamed
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The word **because** connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him (their father loved him most and Joseph’s dream), with the result (they hated him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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# which is what the Egyptians called their kings
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This is background information about the title, **_Pharaoh_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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This is background information about the title, ‘Pharaoh.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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# disturbed him greatly
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen
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# his advisors
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These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as **_wise men_**.
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These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as ‘wise men.’
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# the meaning of the dreams
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The famine was very bad. There was very little food and many people outside of Egypt were starving.
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# Egypt, but also in Canaan
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For some languages, it may be clearer or more natural to say: “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.”
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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This refers to a social relationship—all the people who were related to him by
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# They were called the Israelites
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The people group that descended from Jacob was called **_Israel_**, which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**.
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The people group that descended from Jacob was called ‘Israel,’ which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**.
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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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# Israelites
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**_Israelite people_** or **_people of Israel_** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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‘Israelite people’ or ‘people of Israel’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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# Egyptians
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**_Egyptian people_** or **_people of Egypt_** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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‘Egyptian people’ or ‘people of Egypt’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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# because there were so many of them
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@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ This is background information about the ruler who was Pharaoh at that time. (Se
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# made the Israelites slaves
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This could mean **_forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly_**.
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This could mean ‘forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly.’
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
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# saw
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Other ways to say this are: “realized” or “knew.”
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# so he ordered his people to kill
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@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
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# Yahweh
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The name **Yahweh** means **_HE IS_** and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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The name **Yahweh** means ‘HE IS’ and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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# my name
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The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is **_Yahweh_**, which is related to **_I AM_** and appears to mean **_HE IS_**.
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The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is ‘Yahweh,’ which is related to ‘I AM’ and appears to mean ‘HE IS.’
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@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ See **my people** in [09:13](09/13).
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The connecting word **But** connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do (let his people go), with what he did (he did not listen to them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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# listen to
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This could be translated as: “heed” or “obey.”
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# Instead of letting the Israelites go free
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# the people
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This refers to the people of Israel, also called **_the Israelites_**.
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This refers to the people of Israel, also called ‘the Israelites.’
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# so God sent
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The connecting word **so** connects the cause (Pharaoh made the Israelites work
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# ten terrible plagues
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A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be **_disaster_**.
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A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be ‘disaster.’
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# all of Egypt’s gods
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
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# God sent a plague
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This could be translated as: “God caused there to be a plague” or “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.”
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# gnats
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# these nine plagues
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This means: **_these nine disasters that God had caused_**.
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This means: ‘these nine disasters that God had caused.’
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# Since Pharaoh would not listen, God planned to send one last plague. This would change Pharaoh’s mind.
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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This can be stated in active form: “for those who believed in him to save thei
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# a perfect lamb
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This could mean **_a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects_**.
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This could mean ‘a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects.’
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# passed over
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This means that God passed by those houses and did not stop to kill anyone there. This phrase became the name of the Jewish festival, **_Passover_**.
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This means that God passed by those houses and did not stop to kill anyone there. This phrase became the name of the Jewish festival, ‘Passover.’
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# They were saved
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail, to the firstborn of Pharaoh
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# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail to the firstborn of Pharaoh
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This is a way of saying that everyone’s firstborn son died–from the son of the least important person to the son of the most important person, and everyone in between.
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||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# called for
|
||||
|
||||
This means that Pharaoh told his servants to tell Moses and Aaron to come to him.
|
||||
|
||||
# and said
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites
|
|||
|
||||
# Exodus
|
||||
|
||||
The term **Exodus** means **_leaving_** or **_going out from_**.
|
||||
The term **Exodus** means ‘leaving’ or ‘going out from.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This could be translated as: “They were not slaves anymore.”
|
|||
|
||||
# were going
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages may use a more specific word like **_traveling_** since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land.
|
||||
Some languages may use a more specific word like ‘traveling’ since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land.
|
||||
|
||||
# the Promised Land
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Probably at least two days had gone by. For that to be clear, it may be translat
|
|||
|
||||
# changed their minds
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase means **_began to think differently than they had before_**. The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
This phrase means ‘began to think differently than they had before.’ The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# So they
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
|
|||
Another way to say this would be: “there was nowhere they could go to escape since the Egyptians were behind them and the Red Sea was in front of them.”
|
||||
|
||||
# Why did we leave Egypt?
|
||||
|
||||
The Israelites were not asking for reasons. Because they were afraid, in this moment they were wishing they had not left Egypt (even though it had been very difficult for them there). This could be a statement: “We should not have left Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# We are going to die!
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,5 +15,4 @@ Both occurrences of the pronoun **you** refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc
|
|||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God told Moses to tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# to move
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages will be more specific and say: “to walk.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# marched
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “walked” or “went.”
|
||||
|
||||
# with a wall of water on either side of them
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# to stretch out his hand again
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “lift his hand over the sea again” or, as a direct command, as in, “God told Moses, ‘Stretch out your hand again.’”
|
||||
|
||||
# Then God
|
||||
|
@ -11,5 +10,4 @@ The connecting word **Then** connects the action (the Israelites arriving safely
|
|||
This could be translated as: “covered the place again where the path had been,” or “filled the whole sea again” or “went back to where it was before God separated it.”
|
||||
|
||||
# The whole Egyptian army
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “everyone in Egypt’s army.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# rejoiced very much
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “were very happy and they showed it enthusiastically” or “showed it with their whole hearts” or “with all their strength.”
|
||||
|
||||
# because God had saved them
|
||||
|
@ -7,9 +6,7 @@ This could be translated as: “were very happy and they showed it enthusiastica
|
|||
The connecting word **because** connects the result (the Israelites rejoiced), with the cause (God saved them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# free to worship
|
||||
|
||||
God freed, or rescued, the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt so that they could serve him.
|
||||
|
||||
# to praise God
|
||||
|
||||
In some languages this could be translated as: “to lift up God’s name” or “to say that God is great.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
|
|||
The connecting words **in order to** indicate the goal or purpose of the festival (to remind the Israelites and their descendants of how God had delivered them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
|
||||
|
||||
# remember how God had defeated
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “regularly remind themselves of how God defeated.” The word **remember** here doesn’t just mean to not forget; it also means to formally commemorate something.
|
||||
|
||||
# the Passover
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as
|
|||
|
||||
# Do not lie
|
||||
|
||||
This means: **_Do not say false things about other people_**.
|
||||
This means: ‘Do not say false things about other people.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,27 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# these Ten Commandments
|
||||
# had given them
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06).
|
||||
This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.”
|
||||
|
||||
# two stone tablets
|
||||
# to belong to God alone
|
||||
|
||||
A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
# God also gave
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “God also told them.”
|
||||
|
||||
# to follow
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.”
|
||||
|
||||
# if they obeyed
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God’s blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
|
||||
|
||||
# But he said he would punish
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# if they did not obey
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
|
||||
From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is background information about the tent the Israelites were to make as a p
|
|||
|
||||
# the room behind the curtain
|
||||
|
||||
This room was hidden by the curtain. Some languages would call this room **_the room in front of the curtain_**.
|
||||
This room was hidden by the curtain. Some languages would call this room ‘the room in front of the curtain.’
|
||||
|
||||
# where God was
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ This refers to all the commandments and instructions that God had told the Israe
|
|||
|
||||
When people brought animals to sacrifice, God chose to see the blood of the animals as a covering over their sin. This is like hiding something that is ugly or dirty by covering it.
|
||||
|
||||
# **clean** in God’s sight
|
||||
# clean in God’s sight
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “as if he did not have the sin according to God” or “free of the punishment for breaking God’s law.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,27 @@
|
|||
# had given them
|
||||
# these Ten Commandments
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.”
|
||||
This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06).
|
||||
|
||||
# to belong to God alone
|
||||
# two stone tablets
|
||||
|
||||
From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.”
|
||||
A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
# God also gave
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “God also told them.”
|
||||
|
||||
# to follow
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.”
|
||||
|
||||
# if they obeyed
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God’s blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
|
||||
|
||||
# But he said he would punish
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# if they did not obey
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
|
|||
This is a strong statement that even though the people of Canaan were large, God was even bigger and would enable the Israelites to defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the people of Canaan
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “the people who live in Canaan” or “the Canaanites.”
|
||||
|
||||
# but we can certainly
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God gave them everything they needed for food, water, and shelter.”
|
||||
|
||||
# bread from heaven, called **_manna_**.
|
||||
# bread from heaven, called manna
|
||||
|
||||
Overnight, this thin, bread-like food fell onto the grass like dew from the sky. They called it **manna**. Almost every day the people gathered this manna and cooked it as their food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Moses’ old age) with the resul
|
|||
|
||||
# one day
|
||||
|
||||
This means: **_some time in the future_**.
|
||||
This means: ‘some time in the future.’
|
||||
|
||||
# another prophet like Moses
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This begins a new event. The Israelites were about to enter into the Promised La
|
|||
|
||||
# At last it was time for
|
||||
|
||||
**_At last_** means **_finally_** or **_after a long wait_**. To make it clear what **time** refers to, you could say: “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted…”
|
||||
‘At last’ means ‘finally’ or ‘after a long wait.’ To make it clear what **time** refers to, you could say: “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted…”
|
||||
|
||||
# In that land was a city called Jericho. It had strong walls around it to protect it. Joshua sent two spies to that city. In that city lived a prostitute named Rahab.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
|
|||
For some languages, it may be helpful to add: “Have the priests go before the rest of the people to cross the river.”
|
||||
|
||||
# the water upstream stopped flowing
|
||||
|
||||
In some languages, it may be helpful to add: “and the water in front of them flowed away downstream.”
|
||||
|
||||
# upstream
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,5 +3,4 @@
|
|||
The connecting word **Then** introduces sequential action. The priests were to blow their trumpets after the Israelites had finished marching around the city seven times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# must blow their trumpets
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “must sound their trumpets” or “must play their trumpets.” These trumpets were made out of ram’s horns.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# a peace treaty
|
||||
|
||||
This is an agreement between two groups of people that they will not harm each other but will live in peace and help each other. This could be translated as: “peace agreement.”
|
||||
|
||||
# But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# found out
|
||||
|
||||
This verbal phrase means **_discovered_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
This verbal phrase means ‘discovered.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# But they kept the peace treaty
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# to reach the Gibeonites
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_to get to the Gibeonites_** or **_to arrive at where the Gibeonites lived_**. The Gibeonites lived in Canaan, but Canaan is big enough that it took all night for the Israelite army to travel from their camp to where the Gibeonites were.
|
||||
This could mean ‘to get to the Gibeonites’ or ‘to arrive at where the Gibeonites lived.’ The Gibeonites lived in Canaan, but Canaan is big enough that it took all night for the Israelite army to travel from their camp to where the Gibeonites were.
|
||||
|
||||
# they surprised the Amorite armies
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This can be translated as: “fight with the rest of the Canaanites to force the
|
|||
|
||||
# the true God
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_the only real God_**. Yahweh is the only one that people should worship.
|
||||
This could mean ‘the only real God.’ Yahweh is the only one that people should worship.
|
||||
|
||||
# so everyone did what they thought
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
|
|||
This refers to edible plants that the Israelites were growing in their gardens or fields.
|
||||
|
||||
# were so scared, they hid
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “were very afraid of the Midianites, so they hid.”
|
||||
|
||||
# Finally
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ The grain was wheat, which has a head of many small grains, or seeds, on the top
|
|||
|
||||
# God is with you
|
||||
|
||||
This means: **_God is present with you in a special way_** or **_God has plans to use you in a special way_**.
|
||||
This means: ‘God is present with you in a special way’ or ‘God has plans to use you in a special way.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# to tear down
|
||||
|
||||
This means: **_to violently bring down_** or **_to take down and destroy_**.
|
||||
This means: ‘to violently bring down’ or ‘to take down and destroy.’
|
||||
|
||||
# But Gideon was afraid of the people
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ The Midianite soldiers were camping out in a valley and were at a lower elevatio
|
|||
|
||||
# you will no longer be afraid
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_you will stop being afraid_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘you will stop being afraid.’
|
||||
|
||||
# something he had dreamed
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_something he had seen in a dream_** or **_a dream he had had_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘something he had seen in a dream’ or ‘a dream he had had.’
|
||||
|
||||
# This dream means that Gideon’s army will defeat us, the Midianite army!
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3,5 +3,4 @@
|
|||
Gideon knew that it was better for the Israelites to have God as their king.
|
||||
|
||||
# but he asked them
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase starts with **but** because what he did next was not wise.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# Gideon used the gold to make a special garment
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “Gideon melted down the gold objects the people had given him and formed a special garment out of that gold.”
|
||||
|
||||
# But the people started worshiping it
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ This could be translated as: “some time in the future” or “years later.”
|
|||
|
||||
# be king in his place
|
||||
|
||||
This is an idiom that means **_replace him as king_**. Other ways to say this are: “take his place as king over Israel” or “rule as king instead of him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
This is an idiom that means ‘replace him as king.’ Other ways to say this are: “take his place as king over Israel” or “rule as king instead of him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ This refers to ownership. The sheep belonged to the father of David. (See: [[rc:
|
|||
|
||||
# watching
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_caring for_** or **_protecting_** or **_taking care of_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘caring for’ or ‘protecting’ or ‘taking care of.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The story transitions from Saul being king to David becoming king. (See: [[rc://
|
|||
|
||||
# made him successful
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do.’
|
||||
|
||||
# and God helped him defeat
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The connecting word **and** is acting as more than a simple conjunction. It indi
|
|||
|
||||
# his capital city
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_the capital city of his kingdom_**. David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
This could mean ‘the capital city of his kingdom.’ David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
|
||||
# capital city
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The connecting word **so** connects the reason (David had fought in many wars),
|
|||
|
||||
# this Temple
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_this building for worship_** or **_this place of worship_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘this building for worship’ or ‘this place of worship.’
|
||||
|
||||
# But still
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ This could be represented by a verbal phrase: “the One God chose.” (See: [[r
|
|||
|
||||
# from their sin
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_from the terrible consequences of their sin_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘from the terrible consequences of their sin.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This may be translated as: “when David was older” or “later on in David’
|
|||
|
||||
# sinned greatly
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_sinned in a very evil way_**. David’s sin was especially evil.
|
||||
This could mean ‘sinned in a very evil way.’ David’s sin was especially evil.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is background information about who Uriah was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/trans
|
|||
|
||||
# go be with his wife
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_go home to be intimate with his wife_**. David wanted people, especially Uriah, to believe that Bathsheba was pregnant with Uriah’s child.
|
||||
This could mean ‘go home to be intimate with his wife.’ David wanted people, especially Uriah, to believe that Bathsheba was pregnant with Uriah’s child.
|
||||
|
||||
# So David sent Uriah
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,4 +5,3 @@ This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites
|
|||
# Divided Kingdom
|
||||
|
||||
This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# was present in the Temple
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_was present in the Temple in a special way_**. Even though God was also present everywhere else at the same time, he made himself especially available to the people at the Temple.
|
||||
This could mean ‘was present in the Temple in a special way.’ Even though God was also present everywhere else at the same time, he made himself especially available to the people at the Temple.
|
||||
|
||||
# with his people
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause that indicates Solo
|
|||
|
||||
# to accept him as their king
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_tell him that they were glad he was king and that they would do what he said_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘tell him that they were glad he was king and that they would do what he said.’
|
||||
|
||||
# their king
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ The descendants of each of Jacob’s 12 sons had become a **tribe** or very larg
|
|||
|
||||
# rebelled against him
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_refused to follow Rehoboam as their king_**. It might help to start this sentence with **_So_** or **_Because of that_** or **_Because of what Rehoboam said_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘refused to follow Rehoboam as their king.’ It might help to start this sentence with ‘So’ or ‘Because of that’ or ‘Because of what Rehoboam said.’
|
||||
|
||||
# remained with him
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_stayed loyal to him_** or **_continued to support him as king_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘stayed loyal to him’ or ‘continued to support him as king.’
|
||||
|
||||
# the kingdom of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -11,5 +11,4 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He
|
|||
This may be translated as: “until I command the rain and dew to come again.”
|
||||
|
||||
# This made Ahab so angry
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “When Ahab heard what Elijah said, he became so angry.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ The connecting word **because** connects the reason (there was no harvest), with
|
|||
The connecting words **But still** introduce a contrast relationship. You would expect the widow to refuse to help Elijah because she was almost out of food, but she did the unexpected and took care of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# took care of
|
||||
|
||||
This means they gave him a place to stay in their house and provided food for him. It does not mean he was sick.
|
||||
|
||||
# God provided for her and her son. Her jar of flour and her bottle of oil never became empty
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is a strong statement that expresses that Ahab was very angry with Elijah.
|
|||
|
||||
# you troublemaker
|
||||
|
||||
This means: **_You are a troublemaker!_** Ahab was accusing Elijah of causing trouble by telling the king that he was doing wrong and also by stopping the rain.
|
||||
This means: ‘You are a troublemaker!’ Ahab was accusing Elijah of causing trouble by telling the king that he was doing wrong and also by stopping the rain.
|
||||
|
||||
# It is you who are the troublemaker!
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# show us
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_prove to us_** or **_demonstrate to us_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘prove to us’ or ‘demonstrate to us.’
|
||||
|
||||
# I am your servant
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This could be translated as: “You have given me authority to serve you and do
|
|||
|
||||
# Answer me
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_respond to my prayer_** or **_send the fire that I have asked you for_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘respond to my prayer’ or ‘send the fire that I have asked you for.’
|
||||
|
||||
# these people will know
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ The prophets of Baal tried to run away after their god was proven to be a false
|
|||
|
||||
# captured
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_seized and held onto_** or **_took hold of_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘seized and held onto’ or ‘took hold of.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Elijah is giving a command to King Ahab on his authority as a prophet of God.
|
|||
|
||||
# the sky became black
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_the sky became very dark_**. Heavy rainclouds covered the sky, making it look dark grey or black.
|
||||
This could mean ‘the sky became very dark.’ Heavy rainclouds covered the sky, making it look dark grey or black.
|
||||
|
||||
# the drought
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_the long dry time with no rain_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘the long dry time with no rain.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ This means that people had told Naaman that Elisha was able to perform miracles.
|
|||
|
||||
# he went to Elisha and asked him
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_he went to see Elisha and asked him_**. Naaman had to go into Israel to find Elisha and ask him to do this.
|
||||
This could mean ‘he went to see Elisha and asked him.’ Naaman had to go into Israel to find Elisha and ask him to do this.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The connecting word **because** connects the reason for his anger (it seemed foo
|
|||
|
||||
# he changed his mind
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_he decided to do what Elisha had told him to do_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘he decided to do what Elisha had told him to do.’
|
||||
|
||||
# When he came up from the water the last time
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# continued to speak for God
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_continued to tell the people what God wanted to tell them_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘continued to tell the people what God wanted to tell them.’
|
||||
|
||||
# even though the people hated them
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This title can also be translated as: “About how the Israelites went away as prisoners and how they returned” or “How did God send the Israelites away as prisoners and bring them back again?”
|
||||
|
||||
# the Exile
|
||||
# The Exile
|
||||
|
||||
The word **exile** means someone is removed from they country by force. The **Exile** is the term for this 70-year period when the Israelites were forced to live in Babylon.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# broke the covenant
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_disobeyed the commands God had given them in his covenant with them at Mount Sinai_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘disobeyed the commands God had given them in his covenant with them at Mount Sinai.’
|
||||
|
||||
# warn them to repent and worship him again
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This introduces the Assyrians, from the nation of Assyria, as new characters in
|
|||
|
||||
# took away
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_stole_**. They stole these valuable things and carried them back to Assyria.
|
||||
This could mean ‘stole.’ They stole these valuable things and carried them back to Assyria.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ This refers to people who were good at woodworking, metalworking, and building.
|
|||
|
||||
# remained
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_stayed_** or **_were left behind_** or **_were allowed to stay behind_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘stayed’ or ‘were left behind’ or ‘were allowed to stay behind.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The connecting word **But** contrasts the people continuing to worship idols des
|
|||
|
||||
# warn them
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_tell them to stop sinning or terrible things would happen to them_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘tell them to stop sinning or terrible things would happen to them.’
|
||||
|
||||
# but they refused to listen
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ The connecting word **but** contrasts the people refusing to listen, with God se
|
|||
|
||||
# they refused to listen
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_they refused to obey_** or **_they refused to stop their evil behavior_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘they refused to obey’ or ‘they refused to stop their evil behavior.’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This may also be translated as: “returned” or “came to Judah again.”
|
|||
|
||||
# captured the city
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_took control of the city and the people there_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘took control of the city and the people there.’
|
||||
|
||||
# took away
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# leaving only the poorest people behind
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_leaving only the poorest people in Judah_** or **_letting only the poorest people stay in Judah_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘leaving only the poorest people in Judah’ or ‘letting only the poorest people stay in Judah.’
|
||||
|
||||
# This period of time
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This could be translated as: “did not ignore” or “did not neglect.” Or t
|
|||
|
||||
# watch over
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_take care of_**.
|
||||
This could mean ‘take care of.’
|
||||
|
||||
# speak to them through his prophets
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This refers to the 70 years that had passed since the Babylonian army took the p
|
|||
|
||||
# Cyrus
|
||||
|
||||
Cyrus was also called **_Cyrus the Great_**. The name **Cyrus** meant **_like the sun_** in the Persian language. However, since Cyrus was an important historical person, it might be best to transliterate his name rather than translating the meaning.
|
||||
Cyrus was also called ‘Cyrus the Great.’ The name **Cyrus** meant ‘like the sun’ in the Persian language. However, since Cyrus was an important historical person, it might be best to transliterate his name rather than translating the meaning.
|
||||
|
||||
# the Persian Empire
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The Persian Empire grew to cover the area from central Asia to Egypt. It was loc
|
|||
|
||||
# The Israelites were now called Jews
|
||||
|
||||
This could also be translated as: “People now called the Israelites by the name **_Jews_**.”
|
||||
This could also be translated as: “People now called the Israelites by the name ‘Jews.’”
|
||||
|
||||
# the land of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ See how you translated this term in [20:09](20/09).
|
|||
|
||||
# returned
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_went back_**. Some languages may prefer to say, **_went_** since most of these people had never been to Jerusalem.
|
||||
This could mean ‘went back.’ Some languages may prefer to say, ‘went’ since most of these people had never been to Jerusalem.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ The connecting words **Even when** contrast God creating a perfect world without
|
|||
|
||||
Unless the head of a venomous snake is crushed, the snake can still hurt someone. Use a word for **crush** that communicates that its head is destroyed.
|
||||
|
||||
# the snake who deceived Eve was Satan
|
||||
# Satan appeared as a snake in order to deceive Eve
|
||||
|
||||
Satan spoke to Eve in the form of a snake. This does not mean that he is a snake now. This could be translated as: “The snake who deceived Eve was an appearance of Satan.”
|
||||
|
||||
# who deceived Eve
|
||||
# to deceive Eve
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean **_who lied to Eve_**. The snake lied by making Eve doubt what God had said and tricking her into disobeying God.
|
||||
This could mean ‘to lie to Eve.’ The snake lied by making Eve doubt what God had said and tricking her into disobeying God.
|
||||
|
|
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Reference in New Issue