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Larry Sallee a04e208b15 Restore line breaks that were accidentally removed. (#98) 2020-08-13 00:47:27 +00:00
Larry Sallee 20fc810ac7 Remove end of line spaces (#97) 2020-08-13 00:23:26 +00:00
Jesse Griffin 2983b03dd8 Update 'manifest.yaml' 2020-05-01 17:27:05 +00:00
Larry Sallee 936504474f Fix snippet error found by TX (#96) 2020-04-27 20:46:45 +00:00
Larry Sallee 1144fdc84f Fixed errors from TX check (#95) 2020-04-27 13:56:29 +00:00
Larry Sallee 18c4eb8371 Fixed formatting errors found by TX check (#94) 2020-04-27 13:52:27 +00:00
Jesse Griffin 4be45983fd Update 'LICENSE.md' 2020-04-24 13:27:35 +00:00
Jesse Griffin f8edd13e48 Update 'manifest.yaml' 2020-04-24 13:18:36 +00:00
Larry Sallee 5f20473c93 Jane's final proofread corrections (#93) 2020-03-11 19:00:42 +00:00
Larry Sallee 88789b0db4 Change bold-italics to single quotes (#92) 2020-03-10 19:24:28 +00:00
336 changed files with 554 additions and 585 deletions

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*unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories Translation Notes*
*Copyright © 2019 by unfoldingWord*
*Copyright © 2020 by unfoldingWord*
This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). To view a copy of this license, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

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# the beginning
This could mean **_the beginning of all things_**, before anything existed except God.
This could mean the beginning of all things, before anything existed except God.
# created

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ God made man from the dust, or dry soil from the ground. This word should probab
# formed it
This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from **_create_** is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command.
This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from create is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command.
# a man
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ In this event, God breathed both physical and spiritual life into the man.
# Adam
Adams name is the same as the Old Testament word for **_man_**, and similar to the word for **soil**, the substance from which he was formed.
Adams name is the same as the Old Testament word for man, and similar to the word for **soil**, the substance from which he was formed.
# a large garden

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# not good
This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was **_not yet good_** because God was not finished with the creation of humans.
This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was not yet good because God was not finished with the creation of humans.
# alone

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The woman was the same type of being as Adam, even though there were important d
# Woman
This word is the feminine form of the word **_man_**.
This word is the feminine form of the word man.
# made from Man

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ God had a special, positive plan for the seventh day, and for every seventh day
# made it holy
That is, God **_set apart_** the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week.
That is, God set apart the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week.
# the universe

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@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ This is a rhetorical question. God already knew the answer to this question. The
If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked. So I hid.”
# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked. So I hid.”
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid, because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

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# childbirth very painful
Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: **_I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children_**.
Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children.

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@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ The ultimate punishment for their disobedience was death. Spiritual death is our
God created Adam from the soil and gave him life. As a result of sin, his life will be taken from him and his body will decompose and become soil again.
# Eve, which means **_life-giver_**
# Eve, which means “life-giver,”
God gave life to Adam and Eve, and it is passed on to every person through childbirth.
# the mother of all people
This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages might say **_she would be the grandmother of all people_**.
This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages might say she would be the grandmother of all people.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here, this phrase points to a new way that Adam and Eve would be like God. Becau
# like us
The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word **_God_** is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses Gods majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word God is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses Gods majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
# good and evil

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# used for sacrifices
For some languages, it may be better to say something like, **_animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God_**. God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals.
For some languages, it may be better to say something like, animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God. God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals.
# God himself closed the door

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# an olive branch
An olive trees fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as: “branch from a tree called **_olive_**” or “branch from an oil-tree.”
An olive trees fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as: “branch from a tree called olive” or “branch from an oil-tree.”
# The water was going down

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This means two months after Noah released the dove from the ark. It may be necessary to say this explicitly if it is not clear.
# God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.”
# God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.”
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Noah that he and his family and all the animals could leave the boat then, and have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
# Have many children

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
# never again
This means **_not ever again_** or **_not again at any time_** or **_truly not again_**. Examples: **_I will not ever again curse the ground_** or **_I will not curse the ground again at any time_** or **_I will truly not curse the ground again_**.
This means not ever again or not again at any time or truly not again. Examples: I will not ever again curse the ground or I will not curse the ground again at any time or I will truly not curse the ground again.
# curse the ground

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
# Leave your country
This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called **_Ur_**). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar.
This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called Ur). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar.
# and family

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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Somehow God made it clear to Abram where he was to go. The text doesnt tell h
# the land of Canaan
The name of this land was **_Canaan_**. This could be translated as: “the land called Canaan.”
The name of this land was Canaan. This could be translated as: “the land called Canaan.”

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
If Abram was standing on a mountain, he could have seen a very large area. On several occasions, God promised to give the entire land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants.
# your descendants will always possess it
# your descendants will always possess it
God promised to give the land to Abram and also to his descendants.

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# Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.”
# Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.”
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Melchizedek blessed Abram and asked that God Most High who owns heaven and earth would bless Abram.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
# Melchizedek

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# two parties
The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people.
The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people.
# in this case, God made a promise to Abraham
# in this case, God made a promise to Abram
The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abraham did.
The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abram did.
# God said, “I will give you a son from your own body. I give the land of Canaan to your descendants.”

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Without a child, Abram had no descendants to become a great nation.
# So Abrams wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.”
# So Abrams wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children, and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.”
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “So Abrams wife, Sarai, said to him that since God had not allowed her to have children and now I am too old to have children, Abram should take her servant, Hagar, and marry her also so she could have a child for Sarai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

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# married
Hagar became Abrams concubinea **_second wife_** of lower status. Hagar was still Sarais servant.
Hagar became Abrams concubinea second wife of lower status. Hagar was still Sarais servant.
# became jealous of Hagar

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# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.”
# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession, and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.”
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God also told Abram that Abram would be the father of many nations. God would give him and his descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and would be their God forever. Abram must circumcise every male in his family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

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# General Note
# General Information
God continues to speak to Abram.
@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ As God had promised, Abraham would become the ancestor of many people who would
# princess
A princess is a daughter of a king. The names Sarai and Sarah apparently both meant **_princess_**. But God changed her name to signify that she would be the mother of many nations, and some of her descendants would be kings.
A princess is a daughter of a king. The names Sarai and Sarah apparently both meant princess. But God changed her name to signify that she would be the mother of many nations, and some of her descendants would be kings.

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# a ram
A ram is an adult male sheep.
A ram is an adult male sheep.
# God had provided the ram

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# God then blessed Abrahams son, Isaac, because of the covenant he had made with Abraham
# God then blessed Abrahams son Isaac because of the covenant he had made with Abraham.
The promises of the covenant that God made with Abraham were not for him only, but also for his descendants.

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# in Rebekahs womb
This could mean **_inside her_**.
This could mean inside her.

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some languages will use a word for **love** here that is different from the one
# at home
This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for **at home**.
This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for **at home**.
# but Esau loved to hunt animals

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This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
# sent
# sent
This word means that Jacob told Joseph to go and Joseph went.
# his favorite son
@ -18,6 +17,6 @@ This means that Joseph is to go and see if everything is all right with his brot
These were Josephs older brothers.
# were taking care of the flocks
# were taking care of the flocks
Since this was several days journey away, it may be necessary to say: “who were far away taking care of…”

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# because their father loved him most and because Joseph had dreamed
# because their father loved him most, and because Joseph had dreamed
The word **because** connects the two reasons Josephs brothers hated him (their father loved him most and Josephs dream), with the result (they hated him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word **because** connects the two reasons Josephs brothers hated him (the
The word **When** indicates the order of events. After Joseph came the brothers took him captive and sold him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
# came to his brothers
# came to his brothers
Another way this could be translated is: “reached the place where his brothers were.”

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# which is what the Egyptians called their kings
This is background information about the title, **_Pharaoh_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
This is background information about the title, Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
# disturbed him greatly
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen
# his advisors
These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as **_wise men_**.
These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as wise men.
# the meaning of the dreams

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The famine was very bad. There was very little food and many people outside of Egypt were starving.
# Egypt, but also in Canaan
# Egypt, but also in Canaan
For some languages, it may be clearer or more natural to say: “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.”

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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This refers to a social relationship—all the people who were related to him by
# They were called the Israelites
The people group that descended from Jacob was called **_Israel_**, which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**.
The people group that descended from Jacob was called Israel, which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**.

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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
# Israelites
**_Israelite people_** or **_people of Israel_** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
Israelite people or people of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# Egyptians
**_Egyptian people_** or **_people of Egypt_** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
Egyptian people or people of Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# because there were so many of them
@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ This is background information about the ruler who was Pharaoh at that time. (Se
# made the Israelites slaves
This could mean **_forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly_**.
This could mean forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly.

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# made their lives miserable
# made their lives miserable
This means that they suffered terribly because of how harshly they were treated and how hard they were forced to work. They also felt very discouraged.

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# saw
# saw
Other ways to say this are: “realized” or “knew.”
# so he ordered his people to kill

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@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
# Yahweh
The name **Yahweh** means **_HE IS_** and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
The name **Yahweh** means HE IS and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
# my name
The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is **_Yahweh_**, which is related to **_I AM_** and appears to mean **_HE IS_**.
The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is Yahweh, which is related to I AM and appears to mean HE IS.

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This means the Pharaoh would refuse to obey God. You may also want to add: “stubborn and refuse to listen (or obey).”
# to Pharaoh
# to Pharaoh
It may be clearer to say: “to Pharaohs palace to talk to him.”
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
This could be translated as: “God, who chose the Israelites to be his people” or “God, who rules the people of Israel” or “the God whom the Israelites worship.”
# Let my people go!
# Let my people go!
Other ways to say this are: “Allow my people to go free!” or “Free my people to leave Egypt!”
@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ See **my people** in [09:13](09/13).
The connecting word **But** connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do (let his people go), with what he did (he did not listen to them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
# listen to
# listen to
This could be translated as: “heed” or “obey.”
# Instead of letting the Israelites go free

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# the people
This refers to the people of Israel, also called **_the Israelites_**.
This refers to the people of Israel, also called the Israelites.
# so God sent
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The connecting word **so** connects the cause (Pharaoh made the Israelites work
# ten terrible plagues
A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be **_disaster_**.
A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be disaster.
# all of Egypts gods

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# God sent a plague
# God sent a plague
This could be translated as: “God caused there to be a plague” or “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.”
# gnats

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# these nine plagues
This means: **_these nine disasters that God had caused_**.
This means: these nine disasters that God had caused.
# Since Pharaoh would not listen, God planned to send one last plague. This would change Pharaohs mind.

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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This can be stated in active form: “for those who believed in him to save thei
# a perfect lamb
This could mean **_a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects_**.
This could mean a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects.

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**Unleavened bread** is bread that is prepared without yeast. Yeast is mixed into bread dough to make the dough expand and rise as it bakes. This could be translated as: “made without something that would make it rise.” Making bread with yeast takes longer than without it, so unleavened bread shows that this meal was urgent and the people needed to do it quickly.
# be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal
# be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal
This means they needed to be prepared to leave before they started to eat.

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# passed over
This means that God passed by those houses and did not stop to kill anyone there. This phrase became the name of the Jewish festival, **_Passover_**.
This means that God passed by those houses and did not stop to kill anyone there. This phrase became the name of the Jewish festival, Passover.
# They were saved

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# did not believe God or obey his commands
# did not believe God or obey his commands
In some languages it may be more natural or clear to say: “did not believe God and so they did not obey his commands.”

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# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail, to the firstborn of Pharaoh
# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail to the firstborn of Pharaoh
This is a way of saying that everyones firstborn son diedfrom the son of the least important person to the son of the most important person, and everyone in between.

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# called for
# called for
This means that Pharaoh told his servants to tell Moses and Aaron to come to him.
# and said
# and said
Pharaoh said the following words to Moses and Aaron after they came to him. In some languages this would be translated as: “and said to them,” or “After they came, Pharaoh said to them.”

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@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites
# Exodus
The term **Exodus** means **_leaving_** or **_going out from_**.
The term **Exodus** means leaving or going out from.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This could be translated as: “They were not slaves anymore.”
# were going
Some languages may use a more specific word like **_traveling_** since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land.
Some languages may use a more specific word like traveling since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land.
# the Promised Land

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Probably at least two days had gone by. For that to be clear, it may be translat
# changed their minds
This phrase means **_began to think differently than they had before_**. The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
This phrase means began to think differently than they had before. The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
# So they

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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
Another way to say this would be: “there was nowhere they could go to escape since the Egyptians were behind them and the Red Sea was in front of them.”
# Why did we leave Egypt?
# Why did we leave Egypt?
The Israelites were not asking for reasons. Because they were afraid, in this moment they were wishing they had not left Egypt (even though it had been very difficult for them there). This could be a statement: “We should not have left Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
# We are going to die!

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@ -14,6 +14,5 @@ Both occurrences of the pronoun **you** refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God told Moses to tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
# to move
# to move
Some languages will be more specific and say: “to walk.”

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# raise his hand over the sea
# raise his hand over the sea
This could be translated as: “held out his hand over the sea.” This was a gesture to show that God was doing this miracle through Moses.

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# marched
# marched
This can be translated as: “walked” or “went.”
# with a wall of water on either side of them
# with a wall of water on either side of them
This could be translated as: “and the water on both sides of them stood up tall and straight like a wall.”

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians followed the Israelites in to the sea), with the cause (God removed the cloud). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
# the path through the sea
# the path through the sea
This was the dry strip of land across the bottom of the sea, with a wall of water on each side.
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The connecting word **but** contrasts the movement of the Israelites God caused
This could be translated as: “to get fearful and confused.”
# to get stuck
# to get stuck
The chariots could no longer move.

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# to stretch out his hand again
# to stretch out his hand again
This could be translated as: “lift his hand over the sea again” or, as a direct command, as in, “God told Moses, Stretch out your hand again.’”
# Then God
The connecting word **Then** connects the action (the Israelites arriving safely on the other side of the Sea) with Gods instructions to Moses to close the path through the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
# returned to its normal place
# returned to its normal place
This could be translated as: “covered the place again where the path had been,” or “filled the whole sea again” or “went back to where it was before God separated it.”
# The whole Egyptian army
# The whole Egyptian army
This could be translated as: “everyone in Egypts army.”

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The connecting word **When** connects the cause (Gods destruction of the Egyptian army), with the effect (the Israelites trusted God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
# trusted in God
# trusted in God
In other words, the people now trusted that God was powerful and could protect them.

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@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
# rejoiced very much
# rejoiced very much
This could be translated as: “were very happy and they showed it enthusiastically” or “showed it with their whole hearts” or “with all their strength.”
# because God had saved them
The connecting word **because** connects the result (the Israelites rejoiced), with the cause (God saved them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
# free to worship
# free to worship
God freed, or rescued, the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt so that they could serve him.
# to praise God
# to praise God
In some languages this could be translated as: “to lift up Gods name” or “to say that God is great.”

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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
The connecting words **in order to** indicate the goal or purpose of the festival (to remind the Israelites and their descendants of how God had delivered them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
# remember how God had defeated
# remember how God had defeated
This could be translated as: “regularly remind themselves of how God defeated.” The word **remember** here doesnt just mean to not forget; it also means to formally commemorate something.
# the Passover

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@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ Before Moses returned to Egypt, God had spoken to him from a shrub that was on f
The Israelites had to travel a great distance from Egypt to the Promised Land. So they took tents with them so that they could set them up as shelters and sleep in them along the way. Some languages could translate this as: “hung their tents.”
# the base of the mountain
# the base of the mountain
This could be translated as: “bottom of the mountain.” This refers to the area of land that is located next to the place where the ground starts to slant upward to form a mountain.

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# You must always obey me and keep the covenant I am making with you.
This is a direct command from God to all of the Israelites.
This is a direct command from God to all of the Israelites.
# keep the covenant I am making with you

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@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as
# Do not lie
This means: **_Do not say false things about other people_**.
This means: Do not say false things about other people.

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@ -1,27 +1,7 @@
# these Ten Commandments
# had given them
This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06).
This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.”
# two stone tablets
# to belong to God alone
A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
# God also gave
This can be translated as: “God also told them.”
# to follow
This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.”
# if they obeyed
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. Gods blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
# But he said he would punish
The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
# if they did not obey
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.”

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is background information about the tent the Israelites were to make as a p
# the room behind the curtain
This room was hidden by the curtain. Some languages would call this room **_the room in front of the curtain_**.
This room was hidden by the curtain. Some languages would call this room the room in front of the curtain.
# where God was

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@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ This refers to all the commandments and instructions that God had told the Israe
When people brought animals to sacrifice, God chose to see the blood of the animals as a covering over their sin. This is like hiding something that is ugly or dirty by covering it.
# **clean** in Gods sight
# clean in Gods sight
This could be translated as: “as if he did not have the sin according to God” or “free of the punishment for breaking Gods law.”

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@ -1,7 +1,27 @@
# had given them
# these Ten Commandments
This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.”
This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06).
# to belong to God alone
# two stone tablets
From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.”
A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
# God also gave
This can be translated as: “God also told them.”
# to follow
This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.”
# if they obeyed
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. Gods blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
# But he said he would punish
The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
# if they did not obey
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])

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@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. I
# you will end up worshiping their idols
If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God.
If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God.

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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the inhabitants of the land were
The cities had strong walls around them, so it would be very difficult for the Israelites to attack them.
# the people are giants
# the people are giants
This was not simply referring to unusually tall people, but a particular race of people that were far larger than even the tallest normal people. This could be translated as: “the people are like giants compared to us!” or “the people are much taller and stronger than we are!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

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@ -2,18 +2,17 @@
This is a strong statement that even though the people of Canaan were large, God was even bigger and would enable the Israelites to defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
# the people of Canaan
# the people of Canaan
This could be translated as: “the people who live in Canaan” or “the Canaanites.”
# but we can certainly
The connecting word **but** indicates that there was an exceptional reason why the Canaanites would be defeated rather than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
# we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us!
# we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us!
To show the connection between these two statements, it may be necessary to say: “we can certainly defeat them because God will fight for us!”
# God will fight for us!
# God will fight for us!
This could be translated as: “God will fight alongside us and help us defeat them!” This makes it clear that the Israelites would also be fighting against the Canaanites.

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@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ This means that Moses told them not to go to fight against the Canaanites becaus
The connecting word **because** connects the action (Moses warning them) with the reason (God not going with them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
# God would not go with them
# God would not go with them
In other words, God would not be with them to help them. Because of the Israelites disobedience, God withdrew from them his presence, protection, and power.
# but they did not listen to him
They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word **but** indicates an exception relationship. The Israelites decided to attack the Canaanites even though Moses had warned them not to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word **but** indicates an exception relationship. The Israelites decided to attack the Canaanites even though Moses had warned them not to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
This could be translated as: “God gave them everything they needed for food, water, and shelter.”
# bread from heaven, called **_manna_**.
# bread from heaven, called manna
Overnight, this thin, bread-like food fell onto the grass like dew from the sky. They called it **manna**. Almost every day the people gathered this manna and cooked it as their food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Moses old age) with the resul
# one day
This means: **_some time in the future_**.
This means: some time in the future.
# another prophet like Moses

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This begins a new event. The Israelites were about to enter into the Promised La
# At last it was time for
**_At last_** means **_finally_** or **_after a long wait_**. To make it clear what **time** refers to, you could say: “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted…”
At last means finally or after a long wait. To make it clear what **time** refers to, you could say: “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted…”
# In that land was a city called Jericho. It had strong walls around it to protect it. Joshua sent two spies to that city. In that city lived a prostitute named Rahab.

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@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
For some languages, it may be helpful to add: “Have the priests go before the rest of the people to cross the river.”
# the water upstream stopped flowing
# the water upstream stopped flowing
In some languages, it may be helpful to add: “and the water in front of them flowed away downstream.”
# upstream

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The connecting word **After** introduces sequential action. The Israelites obeye
The connecting words **even though** represent a factual condition. The city of Jericho was indeed very strong, so attacking of the city would seem to be an unwise choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
# once a day for six days
# once a day for six days
That is, they went around the city one time every day for a total of six days.

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@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
The connecting word **Then** introduces sequential action. The priests were to blow their trumpets after the Israelites had finished marching around the city seven times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
# must blow their trumpets
# must blow their trumpets
This could be translated as: “must sound their trumpets” or “must play their trumpets.” These trumpets were made out of rams horns.

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@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
# a peace treaty
# a peace treaty
This is an agreement between two groups of people that they will not harm each other but will live in peace and help each other. This could be translated as: “peace agreement.”
# But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites
# But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites
Some languages may introduce this as: “But one day a Canaanite people group by the name of the Gibeonites…”

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# found out
This verbal phrase means **_discovered_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
This verbal phrase means discovered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
# But they kept the peace treaty

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# to reach the Gibeonites
This could mean **_to get to the Gibeonites_** or **_to arrive at where the Gibeonites lived_**. The Gibeonites lived in Canaan, but Canaan is big enough that it took all night for the Israelite army to travel from their camp to where the Gibeonites were.
This could mean to get to the Gibeonites or to arrive at where the Gibeonites lived. The Gibeonites lived in Canaan, but Canaan is big enough that it took all night for the Israelite army to travel from their camp to where the Gibeonites were.
# they surprised the Amorite armies

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@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ This could be translated as: “God appointed each tribe its own plot of land”
The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The fighting of the battles and the dividing of the Promised Land were completed, and then God gave Israel peace along its borders. OR Fighting the battles and dividing the Promised Land were completed. Then God gave Israel peace along its borders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
# gave Israel peace along all its borders
# gave Israel peace along all its borders
This could be translated as: “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other people groups that surrounded them” or “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other countries around Israel.”

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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# When Joshua was an old man
# When Joshua was an old man
This begins a new event. The story transitions from Joshuas leadership of Israel to what is to happen to them next. It may be clearer to say: “Many years later, when Joshua was an old man.” Joshua was over 100 years old at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This can be translated as: “fight with the rest of the Canaanites to force the
# the true God
This could mean **_the only real God_**. Yahweh is the only one that people should worship.
This could mean the only real God. Yahweh is the only one that people should worship.
# so everyone did what they thought

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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
This refers to edible plants that the Israelites were growing in their gardens or fields.
# were so scared, they hid
# were so scared, they hid
This could be translated as: “were very afraid of the Midianites, so they hid.”
# Finally
@ -14,6 +13,6 @@ This begins a new event. Signals a shift from the Midianites oppression and I
This might be translated as: “they called out” or “they prayed desperately.”
# to save them
# to save them
This might be translated as: “to set them free” or “to rescue them from these enemies.”

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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ The grain was wheat, which has a head of many small grains, or seeds, on the top
# God is with you
This means: **_God is present with you in a special way_** or **_God has plans to use you in a special way_**.
This means: God is present with you in a special way or God has plans to use you in a special way.

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# to tear down
This means: **_to violently bring down_** or **_to take down and destroy_**.
This means: to violently bring down or to take down and destroy.
# But Gideon was afraid of the people

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
The connecting word **Then** indicates sequential action. God called Gideon, and then the Midianites returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
# came again to steal from the Israelites
# came again to steal from the Israelites
This could be translated as: “came again to the Israelites land to steal things from them.”

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@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ The Midianite soldiers were camping out in a valley and were at a lower elevatio
# you will no longer be afraid
This could mean **_you will stop being afraid_**.
This could mean you will stop being afraid.
# something he had dreamed
This could mean **_something he had seen in a dream_** or **_a dream he had had_**.
This could mean something he had seen in a dream or a dream he had had.
# This dream means that Gideons army will defeat us, the Midianite army!

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@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
Gideon knew that it was better for the Israelites to have God as their king.
# but he asked them
# but he asked them
This phrase starts with **but** because what he did next was not wise.

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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
# Gideon used the gold to make a special garment
# Gideon used the gold to make a special garment
This could be translated as: “Gideon melted down the gold objects the people had given him and formed a special garment out of that gold.”
# But the people started worshiping it

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This could be translated as: “demanded that God give them a king” or “kept
Other nations had a king. Israel wanted to be like them and have a king too.
# God did not like this request
# God did not like this request
This could be translated as: “God did not agree with what they had asked him for.” God knew that they were rejecting him as their ruler and were choosing to follow a human leader instead.

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@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ This could be translated as: “some time in the future” or “years later.”
# be king in his place
This is an idiom that means **_replace him as king_**. Other ways to say this are: “take his place as king over Israel” or “rule as king instead of him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
This is an idiom that means replace him as king. Other ways to say this are: “take his place as king over Israel” or “rule as king instead of him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ This refers to ownership. The sheep belonged to the father of David. (See: [[rc:
# watching
This could mean **_caring for_** or **_protecting_** or **_taking care of_**.
This could mean caring for or protecting or taking care of.

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@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ The story transitions from explaining the general story (of Saul wanting to kill
The connecting words **In this way** connect the reason (Saul saw that David had a piece of his clothing) with the result (Saul knew David would not kill him and try to become king). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
# to become king
# to become king
David would not dishonor God by killing the man that God placed as king over Israel.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The story transitions from Saul being king to David becoming king. (See: [[rc://
# made him successful
This could mean **_helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do_**.
This could mean helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do.
# and God helped him defeat
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The connecting word **and** is acting as more than a simple conjunction. It indi
# his capital city
This could mean **_the capital city of his kingdom_**. David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
This could mean the capital city of his kingdom. David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
# capital city

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The connecting word **so** connects the reason (David had fought in many wars),
# this Temple
This could mean **_this building for worship_** or **_this place of worship_**.
This could mean this building for worship or this place of worship.
# But still
@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ This could be represented by a verbal phrase: “the One God chose.” (See: [[r
# from their sin
This could mean **_from the terrible consequences of their sin_**.
This could mean from the terrible consequences of their sin.

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@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This may be translated as: “when David was older” or “later on in David
# sinned greatly
This could mean **_sinned in a very evil way_**. Davids sin was especially evil.
This could mean sinned in a very evil way. Davids sin was especially evil.

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is background information about who Uriah was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/trans
# go be with his wife
This could mean **_go home to be intimate with his wife_**. David wanted people, especially Uriah, to believe that Bathsheba was pregnant with Uriahs child.
This could mean go home to be intimate with his wife. David wanted people, especially Uriah, to believe that Bathsheba was pregnant with Uriahs child.
# So David sent Uriah

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@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites
# Divided Kingdom
This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon.
This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon.

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# was present in the Temple
This could mean **_was present in the Temple in a special way_**. Even though God was also present everywhere else at the same time, he made himself especially available to the people at the Temple.
This could mean was present in the Temple in a special way. Even though God was also present everywhere else at the same time, he made himself especially available to the people at the Temple.
# with his people

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause that indicates Solo
# to accept him as their king
This could mean **_tell him that they were glad he was king and that they would do what he said_**.
This could mean tell him that they were glad he was king and that they would do what he said.
# their king

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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ The descendants of each of Jacobs 12 sons had become a **tribe** or very larg
# rebelled against him
This could mean **_refused to follow Rehoboam as their king_**. It might help to start this sentence with **_So_** or **_Because of that_** or **_Because of what Rehoboam said_**.
This could mean refused to follow Rehoboam as their king. It might help to start this sentence with So or Because of that or Because of what Rehoboam said.
# remained with him
This could mean **_stayed loyal to him_** or **_continued to support him as king_**.
This could mean stayed loyal to him or continued to support him as king.
# the kingdom of Judah

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