Joel's edits (#514)

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Joel D. Ruark 2019-04-13 09:18:15 +00:00 committed by Gogs
parent fde9343c6f
commit 3133e1f27f
11 changed files with 16 additions and 17 deletions

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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`nouns<noun>` and :ref:`pronouns<pronoun>` either can b
or can be made definite by some linguistic marking or grammatical construction. or can be made definite by some linguistic marking or grammatical construction.
Generally speaking, :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` and participles (both :ref:`active<participle_active>` Generally speaking, :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` and participles (both :ref:`active<participle_active>`
and :ref:`passive<participle_passive>`) are always intrinsically indefinite, but they can be made definite by an attached and :ref:`passive<participle_passive>`) are always intrinsically indefinite, but they can be made definite by an attached
:ref:`definite article<Particle_Definite_Article>` or :ref:`pronominal suffix<Suffix_Pronominal>`, :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` or :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`,
or by being connected to a definite noun in a construct relationship. or by being connected to a definite noun in a construct relationship.
As a general summary, definiteness in Biblical Hebrew functions in the following ways: As a general summary, definiteness in Biblical Hebrew functions in the following ways:
@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ material
Matches an :ref:`adjective<adjective>` to a :ref:`noun<noun>` Matches an :ref:`adjective<adjective>` to a :ref:`noun<noun>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun<noun_common>`is followed by a definite In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun<noun_common>` is followed by a definite
:ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`, an :ref:`adjectival participle<participle_active-adjectival>`, :ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`, an :ref:`adjectival participle<participle_active-adjectival>`,
or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words, or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words,
that particular adjective is describing that particular noun. that particular adjective is describing that particular noun.
@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ Introduces a verbal relative clause
When the definite article is used in front of a :ref:`verb<verb>`, When the definite article is used in front of a :ref:`verb<verb>`,
it refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb and is translated very much like a :ref:`particle_relative`. it refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb and is translated very much like a :ref:`particle_relative`.
The definite article is used in this way usually with infinitives (:ref:`construct<infinitive_construct>` The definite article is used in this way usually with infinitives (:ref:`construct<infinitive_construct>`
or :ref:`absolute<infinitive_absolute>`) or participles (:ref:`active<active_participle-nominal>` or :ref:`absolute<infinitive_absolute>`) or participles (:ref:`active<participle_active-nominal>`
or :ref:`passive<passive_participle-nominal>`), and only rarely with finite verbal forms. or :ref:`passive<participle_passive-nominal>`), and only rarely with finite verbal forms.
with a :ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>` verb with a :ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>` verb
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Function
-------- --------
In Biblical Hebrew, it is helpful to classify participles according to In Biblical Hebrew, it is helpful to classify participles according to
their function in the sentence as a whole: as a :ref:`verb<verb>`(or verbal complement); their function in the sentence as a whole: as a :ref:`verb<verb>` (or verbal complement);
as an :ref:`adjective<adjective>`; or as a :ref:`noun<noun>`. as an :ref:`adjective<adjective>`; or as a :ref:`noun<noun>`.
Participles can function independently as their own grammatical entity, but they often Participles can function independently as their own grammatical entity, but they often
introduce entire clauses that function either as adjectives or nouns. introduce entire clauses that function either as adjectives or nouns.

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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ One way that a term can be made definite in Biblical Hebrew is to add the defini
Matches an :ref:`adjective<adjective>` to a :ref:`noun<noun>` Matches an :ref:`adjective<adjective>` to a :ref:`noun<noun>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun<noun_common>`is followed by a definite In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun<noun_common>` is followed by a definite
:ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`, an :ref:`adjectival participle<participle_active-adjectival>`, :ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`, an :ref:`adjectival participle<participle_active-adjectival>`,
or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words, or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words,
that particular adjective is describing that particular noun. that particular adjective is describing that particular noun.

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Article
Exhortation :ref:`particles<particle>` are words that add emotive force to a command or request. These particles are similar to Exhortation :ref:`particles<particle>` are words that add emotive force to a command or request. These particles are similar to
:ref:`interjections<particle_interjection>` but function to strengthen a specific call to action, while an interjection is used :ref:`interjections<particle_interjection>` but function to strengthen a specific call to action, while an interjection is used
as a more general expression of emotion. Similar to :ref:`demonstrative<particle_dmonstrative>` particles, exhortation particles as a more general expression of emotion. Similar to :ref:`demonstrative<particle_demonstrative>` particles, exhortation particles
are sometime left untranslated, depending on the specific context. are sometime left untranslated, depending on the specific context.
נָא נָא

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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The word לֹא is the standard negative particle in Biblical Hebrew. This
term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of
words as well. In English, it is usually translated as "no" or "not". words as well. In English, it is usually translated as "no" or "not".
When used with :ref:`2nd person<person_second>` When used with :ref:`2nd person<person_second>`
:ref:`imperfect<verb_imperfect-negative-directive` :ref:`imperfect<verb_imperfect-negative-directive>`
verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more
emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל (with an imperfect verb). emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל (with an imperfect verb).

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@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ A preposition introduces a phrase that describes another word/concept within a s
However, like :ref:`adverbs<adverb>` and :ref:`particles<particle>`, sometimes a prepositional phrase can describe the sentence as a whole. However, like :ref:`adverbs<adverb>` and :ref:`particles<particle>`, sometimes a prepositional phrase can describe the sentence as a whole.
In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions can also be used with an infinitive construct verb to show its relationship to the main verb of a sentence. In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions can also be used with an infinitive construct verb to show its relationship to the main verb of a sentence.
.. note:: When a word contains both a prefixed preposition and a :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`, the ה consonant of the definite article disappears .. note:: When a word contains both a prefixed preposition and a :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`, the ה consonant of the definite article disappears and the shewa under the preposition lengthens, usually either to a pathah vowel or a qamets vowel.
and the shewa under the preposition lengthens, usually either to a pathah vowel or a qamets vowel.
Article Article
------- -------

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@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ verbal element.
.. note:: Causative action must be expressed by a :ref:`trasitive verb<verb-transitive>`, .. note:: Causative action must be expressed by a :ref:`trasitive verb<verb-transitive>`,
but non-causative action can be expressed by an :ref:`intransitive verb<verb-intransitive>`. but non-causative action can be expressed by an :ref:`intransitive verb<verb-intransitive>`.
Thus, a verb that is transitive in the Piel stem may be intransitive in Thus, a verb that is transitive in the Piel stem may be intransitive in
the Qal and/or :ref:`Niphal<stem-niphal>` stems. the Qal and/or :ref:`Niphal<stem_niphal>` stems.
.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 38:12 expressing causative action with a dynamic verb .. csv-table:: Example: JOB 38:12 expressing causative action with a dynamic verb

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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Article
------- -------
The Polal :ref:`stem<stem>` is a variation of the :ref:`Pual<stem_pual>` The Polal :ref:`stem<stem>` is a variation of the :ref:`Pual<stem_pual>`
and expresses the :ref:`passive<stem-passive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel<stem_polel>` stem. and expresses the :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel<stem_polel>` stem.
The Polal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and The Polal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and
repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is an extremely :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is an extremely :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>`
in Biblical Hebrew. in Biblical Hebrew.

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@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Expresses the passive voice of the Piel stem
For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Pual stems in Biblical For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Pual stems in Biblical
Hebrew, the Pual stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem Hebrew, the Pual stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem
(:ref:`simple<stem-voice-active>`, intensive :ref:`stem-action-intensive>`, :ref:`resultative<stem-action-resultative>`, (:ref:`simple<stem-voice-active>`, :ref:`intensive<stem-action-intensive>`, :ref:`resultative<stem-action-resultative>`,
:ref:`causative<stem-action-causative>`, etc.) but in passive voice. :ref:`causative<stem-action-causative>`, etc.) but in passive voice.
A good example is the verb בָּקַע. In the :ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem, A good example is the verb בָּקַע. In the :ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem,
the verb בָּקַע means "to cut open" or "to break open" (simple action, the verb בָּקַע means "to cut open" or "to break open" (simple action,

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ In Biblical Hebrew, the Qal stem is the simplest of all the verbal
derived from the Qal form. It is by far the most common form of a derived from the Qal form. It is by far the most common form of a
:ref:`verb<verb>`, :ref:`verb<verb>`,
and it almost always expresses either simple action in :ref:`active<stem-voice-active>` voice (for and it almost always expresses either simple action in :ref:`active<stem-voice-active>` voice (for
:ref:`dynamic<verb-dynamic>` verbs) or stative action in :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passivle>` voice (for :ref:`stative<verb-stative>` verbs, :ref:`dynamic<verb-dynamic>` verbs) or stative action in :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` voice (for :ref:`stative<verb-stative>` verbs,
which do not have active voice). In English, stative verbs require the which do not have active voice). In English, stative verbs require the
helping verb "to be" for proper translation value (see example). In helping verb "to be" for proper translation value (see example). In
Biblical Hebrew, the stative nature of the verb is indicated by the verb Biblical Hebrew, the stative nature of the verb is indicated by the verb

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@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ because it often appears in a series following a
clause with an Imperfect verb. clause with an Imperfect verb.
.. note:: The Sequential Pefect conjugation has an additional function that is unique among all verbal conjugations in Biblical Hebrew. .. note:: The Sequential Pefect conjugation has an additional function that is unique among all verbal conjugations in Biblical Hebrew.
A Sequential Verb often, but not always, expresses the same kind of action as the preceding verb. This is often the case when A Sequential Verb often, but not always, expresses the same kind of action as the preceding verb. This is often the case when
a Sequential Perfect verbs are used to express a sequence of incomplete actions, a sequence of imperatives, or a sequence of a Sequential Perfect verbs are used to express a sequence of incomplete actions, a sequence of imperatives, or a sequence of
verbal actions expressing possibility or desirability. verbal actions expressing possibility or desirability.
There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Perfect conjugation, (2) There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Perfect conjugation, (2)
the :ref:`Perfect copulative<verb_perfect-copulative>`, the :ref:`Perfect copulative<verb_perfect-copulative>`,