From 3133e1f27f78ac000b8954eed3330bf7c0357d88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Joel D. Ruark" Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2019 09:18:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Joel's edits (#514) --- content/definiteness.rst | 8 ++++---- content/participle_active.rst | 2 +- content/particle_definite_article.rst | 2 +- content/particle_exhortation.rst | 2 +- content/particle_negative.rst | 2 +- content/preposition_definite_article.rst | 3 +-- content/stem_piel.rst | 2 +- content/stem_polal.rst | 2 +- content/stem_pual.rst | 2 +- content/stem_qal.rst | 2 +- content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst | 6 +++--- 11 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/definiteness.rst b/content/definiteness.rst index 760b00c..20a15f6 100644 --- a/content/definiteness.rst +++ b/content/definiteness.rst @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`nouns` and :ref:`pronouns` either can b or can be made definite by some linguistic marking or grammatical construction. Generally speaking, :ref:`adjectives` and participles (both :ref:`active` and :ref:`passive`) are always intrinsically indefinite, but they can be made definite by an attached -:ref:`definite article` or :ref:`pronominal suffix`, +:ref:`definite article` or :ref:`pronominal suffix`, or by being connected to a definite noun in a construct relationship. As a general summary, definiteness in Biblical Hebrew functions in the following ways: @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ material Matches an :ref:`adjective` to a :ref:`noun` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun`is followed by a definite +In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun` is followed by a definite :ref:`attributive adjective`, an :ref:`adjectival participle`, or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words, that particular adjective is describing that particular noun. @@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ Introduces a verbal relative clause When the definite article is used in front of a :ref:`verb`, it refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb and is translated very much like a :ref:`particle_relative`. The definite article is used in this way usually with infinitives (:ref:`construct` -or :ref:`absolute`) or participles (:ref:`active` -or :ref:`passive`), and only rarely with finite verbal forms. +or :ref:`absolute`) or participles (:ref:`active` +or :ref:`passive`), and only rarely with finite verbal forms. with a :ref:`non-finite` verb ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ diff --git a/content/participle_active.rst b/content/participle_active.rst index 88132a9..833ede4 100644 --- a/content/participle_active.rst +++ b/content/participle_active.rst @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Function -------- In Biblical Hebrew, it is helpful to classify participles according to -their function in the sentence as a whole: as a :ref:`verb`(or verbal complement); +their function in the sentence as a whole: as a :ref:`verb` (or verbal complement); as an :ref:`adjective`; or as a :ref:`noun`. Participles can function independently as their own grammatical entity, but they often introduce entire clauses that function either as adjectives or nouns. diff --git a/content/particle_definite_article.rst b/content/particle_definite_article.rst index d95c679..2cf44bd 100644 --- a/content/particle_definite_article.rst +++ b/content/particle_definite_article.rst @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ One way that a term can be made definite in Biblical Hebrew is to add the defini Matches an :ref:`adjective` to a :ref:`noun` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun`is followed by a definite +In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun` is followed by a definite :ref:`attributive adjective`, an :ref:`adjectival participle`, or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words, that particular adjective is describing that particular noun. diff --git a/content/particle_exhortation.rst b/content/particle_exhortation.rst index 5018e84..173c664 100644 --- a/content/particle_exhortation.rst +++ b/content/particle_exhortation.rst @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Article Exhortation :ref:`particles` are words that add emotive force to a command or request. These particles are similar to :ref:`interjections` but function to strengthen a specific call to action, while an interjection is used -as a more general expression of emotion. Similar to :ref:`demonstrative` particles, exhortation particles +as a more general expression of emotion. Similar to :ref:`demonstrative` particles, exhortation particles are sometime left untranslated, depending on the specific context. נָא diff --git a/content/particle_negative.rst b/content/particle_negative.rst index 52c9020..1bbd0ab 100644 --- a/content/particle_negative.rst +++ b/content/particle_negative.rst @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The word לֹא is the standard negative particle in Biblical Hebrew. This term often negates verbs, but it has potential to negate other kinds of words as well. In English, it is usually translated as "no" or "not". When used with :ref:`2nd person` -:ref:`imperfect` verbs to express a negative command, this particle signifies a more emphatic command than the use of the negative particle אַל (with an imperfect verb). diff --git a/content/preposition_definite_article.rst b/content/preposition_definite_article.rst index 65e06f3..a036ebb 100644 --- a/content/preposition_definite_article.rst +++ b/content/preposition_definite_article.rst @@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ A preposition introduces a phrase that describes another word/concept within a s However, like :ref:`adverbs` and :ref:`particles`, sometimes a prepositional phrase can describe the sentence as a whole. In Biblical Hebrew, prepositions can also be used with an infinitive construct verb to show its relationship to the main verb of a sentence. -.. note:: When a word contains both a prefixed preposition and a :ref:`definite article`, the ה consonant of the definite article disappears -and the shewa under the preposition lengthens, usually either to a pathah vowel or a qamets vowel. +.. note:: When a word contains both a prefixed preposition and a :ref:`definite article`, the ה consonant of the definite article disappears and the shewa under the preposition lengthens, usually either to a pathah vowel or a qamets vowel. Article ------- diff --git a/content/stem_piel.rst b/content/stem_piel.rst index 7eaaa24..e70db14 100644 --- a/content/stem_piel.rst +++ b/content/stem_piel.rst @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ verbal element. .. note:: Causative action must be expressed by a :ref:`trasitive verb`, but non-causative action can be expressed by an :ref:`intransitive verb`. Thus, a verb that is transitive in the Piel stem may be intransitive in - the Qal and/or :ref:`Niphal` stems. + the Qal and/or :ref:`Niphal` stems. .. csv-table:: Example: JOB 38:12 –– expressing causative action with a dynamic verb diff --git a/content/stem_polal.rst b/content/stem_polal.rst index 3d483ff..9562d2e 100644 --- a/content/stem_polal.rst +++ b/content/stem_polal.rst @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Article ------- The Polal :ref:`stem` is a variation of the :ref:`Pual` -and expresses the :ref:`passive` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel` stem. +and expresses the :ref:`passive` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel` stem. The Polal stem is formed from the Pual by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is an extremely :ref:`rare stem formation` in Biblical Hebrew. diff --git a/content/stem_pual.rst b/content/stem_pual.rst index 8506292..0f3e4b1 100644 --- a/content/stem_pual.rst +++ b/content/stem_pual.rst @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Expresses the passive voice of the Piel stem For most verbs that appear in both the Piel and Pual stems in Biblical Hebrew, the Pual stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem -(:ref:`simple`, intensive :ref:`stem-action-intensive>`, :ref:`resultative`, +(:ref:`simple`, :ref:`intensive`, :ref:`resultative`, :ref:`causative`, etc.) but in passive voice. A good example is the verb בָּקַע. In the :ref:`Qal` stem, the verb בָּקַע means "to cut open" or "to break open" (simple action, diff --git a/content/stem_qal.rst b/content/stem_qal.rst index 6084fa1..348837f 100644 --- a/content/stem_qal.rst +++ b/content/stem_qal.rst @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ In Biblical Hebrew, the Qal stem is the simplest of all the verbal derived from the Qal form. It is by far the most common form of a :ref:`verb`, and it almost always expresses either simple action in :ref:`active` voice (for -:ref:`dynamic` verbs) or stative action in :ref:`passive` voice (for :ref:`stative` verbs, +:ref:`dynamic` verbs) or stative action in :ref:`passive` voice (for :ref:`stative` verbs, which do not have active voice). In English, stative verbs require the helping verb "to be" for proper translation value (see example). In Biblical Hebrew, the stative nature of the verb is indicated by the verb diff --git a/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst b/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst index e12f4a5..ab45c4f 100644 --- a/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst +++ b/content/verb_sequential_perfect.rst @@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ because it often appears in a series following a clause with an Imperfect verb. .. note:: The Sequential Pefect conjugation has an additional function that is unique among all verbal conjugations in Biblical Hebrew. -A Sequential Verb often, but not always, expresses the same kind of action as the preceding verb. This is often the case when -a Sequential Perfect verbs are used to express a sequence of incomplete actions, a sequence of imperatives, or a sequence of -verbal actions expressing possibility or desirability. + A Sequential Verb often, but not always, expresses the same kind of action as the preceding verb. This is often the case when + a Sequential Perfect verbs are used to express a sequence of incomplete actions, a sequence of imperatives, or a sequence of + verbal actions expressing possibility or desirability. There is a difference between (1) the Sequential Perfect conjugation, (2) the :ref:`Perfect copulative`,