Joel's edits (#513)
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@ -30,21 +30,21 @@ Generally, there are eight different kinds of conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew: :
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:ref:`concessive<conjunction-concessive>` ("except"); :ref:`affirmative<conjunction-affirmative>` ("surely");
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:ref:`restrictive<conjunction-restrictive>` ("only"). Many conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew have potential to function in multiple categories.
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-וְ
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---
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Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel).
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This conjunction וְ ("and") cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to another word as a prefix.
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This can be added to a :ref:`noun<noun>`, a :ref:`verb<verb>`, a :ref:`pronoun<pronoun>`, or a :ref:`particle<particle>`.
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The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the definite article) or qamets
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(when paired with both the article and a ה prefix), but others are also possible.
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.. note:: This conjunction is often left untranslated when it begins a
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.. note:: The conjunction וְ is often left untranslated when it begins a
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sentence or clause, or when it appears within the sequential verbal
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forms (:ref:`verb_sequential_perfect` and :ref:`verb_sequential_imperfect`).
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Also, the conjunction is often added between every item of a list in
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Biblical Hebrew; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item.
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-וְ
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----
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Form
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~~~~
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@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ An affirmative conjunction connects two words/phrases/sentences in such a way th
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ֹאו
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---
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----
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The word אוֹ is the standard alternative conjunction in Biblical Hebrew,
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The word אוֹ is the standard :ref:`alternative<conjunction-alternative>` conjunction in Biblical Hebrew,
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usually translated as "or" in English.
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.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 21:32
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@ -375,8 +375,8 @@ something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances.
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"**If** he said, 'The speckled animals will be your wages,' then all
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the flock bore speckled young."
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Alternative
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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:ref:`Alternative<conjunction-alternative>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This use of the conjunction אִם is often found in a question and is
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usually translated as "or" in English.
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@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a
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sentence or clause, it usually functions not as an adverb but as a
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conjunction, either standing alone or as a compound conjunction (when
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paired with the prefix וְ or with particles such as גַּם or כִּי). In
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either case, the term functions as a type of causal conjunction, indicating that
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either case, the term functions as a type of :ref:`causal<conjunction-causal>` conjunction, indicating that
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what follows is based upon what has come before. This conjunction must
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be translated always with great sensitivity to the context to express
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the correct nuance; in English, this conjunction can be translated as
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@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ contexts.
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לֽוּ
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----
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This term is a conditional conjunction, similar to אִם but used only to
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This term is a :ref:`conditional<conjunction-conditional>` conjunction, similar to אִם but used only to
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express hypothetical conditions. The word can also appear in the
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alternate forms לוּא and לֻא. This conjunction either: 1) expresses a
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condition that cannot (or probably will not) happen, usually translated
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@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ only" in English.
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פֶּן
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----
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This term is also a conditional conjunction, and it expresses a certain
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This term is also a :ref:`conditional<conjunction-conditional>` conjunction, and it expresses a certain
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kind of hypothetical condition. The word can be used in two different
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ways: either 1) in warnings to express a potential condition that will
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take place if the warning is not heeded, usually translated "lest" in
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@ -488,6 +488,19 @@ that...not" (or similar phrasing) in English.
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until\_bad."
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Be careful **that** you speak to Jacob **neither** good **nor** bad.
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.. _conjunction-restrictive:
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רַק
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----
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The word רַק is the standard restrictive conjunction in Biblical Hebrew. A restrictive conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase
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as unique within its context. Sometimes this restrictive function emphasizes a particular item as the most important or most
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prominent; in these cases, the conjunction is similar in meaning to an :ref:`affirmative<conjunction-affirmative>` conjunction.
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At other times, however, this restrictive function introduces a particular limitation to something previously expressed; in
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these cases, this conjunction is similar in meaning to a :ref:`concessive<conjunction-concessive>` conjunction.
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.. _conjunction-compound:
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Compound conjunctions
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@ -521,7 +534,7 @@ compound conjunction.
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~~~~~~~~
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Sometimes the words אַף and כִּי are paired together to form a compound
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conjunction that functions as a strong affirmative. This compound
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conjunction that functions as a strong :ref:`affirmative<conjunction-affirmative>`. This compound
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conjunction can appear with or without the prefix conjunction וְ
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("and").
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ in different languages, so this particle must always be translated according to
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Form
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----
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.. csv-table:: Standard form, with pathah vowel and daghesh in the following consonan
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.. csv-table:: Standard form, with pathah vowel and daghesh in the following consonant
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ a person within the narrative is observing at that moment (see GEN 1:31 and GEN
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**Look** his-reward with-him
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"**See**, his reward is with him"
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:31
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:31
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וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד
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insert transliteration
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