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crushed and oppressed
These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. AT: "terribly oppressed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)
eighteen years
"18 years" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers)
who were beyond the Jordan
This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
which is in Gilead
"this region is also called Gilead"
Judah ... Benjamin
"Judah" and "Benjamin" refer to the people belonging to those tribes. AT: "the people of the tribe of Judah ... the people of the tribe of Benjamin" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
house of Ephraim
The "house" refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. AT: "the people of the tribe of Ephraim" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
so that Israel was greatly distressed
"Israel" refers to the people of Israel. AT: "so that the people of Israel suffered much" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)