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She has become unclean beneath her skirts
According to the law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
unclean
A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Her fall was astonishing
The phrase "her fall" is an metaphor for the city being destroyed. Alternate translation: "Those who saw how she was destroyed were astonished" or "Those who saw how the city was destroyed were astonished" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
astonishing
Usually this word refers to a miracle that helps people, but here it refers to an event that no one thought could happen, but that has been so harmful that people have a hard time believing what they see.
Look at my affliction, Yahweh
Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
Look at
"Pay attention to"
the enemy has become too great
This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the enemy army has defeated me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)