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Changed "translation team" to "translators" when it refers specifically to the translators and not the church leaders, typists, and reviewers. 

Did not do this with page names.
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SusanQuigley 2021-04-15 15:35:47 -04:00
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checking/chk-details/01.md
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Much of the checking that the team does is to make sure that the words and sente
* [Complete Versification](../chk-verses/01.md) - Check to see that all the verses that should be included are included.
The translation team should do these checks during MAST steps 5-8, particularly during the [Key Terms Check (Step 7)](../chk-key-words/01.md) and the [Verse-by Verse Check (Step 8)](../chk-verse-by-verse/01.md) ].
The translators should do these checks during MAST steps 5-8, particularly during the [Key Terms Check (Step 7)](../chk-key-words/01.md) and the [Verse-by Verse Check (Step 8)](../chk-verse-by-verse/01.md) ].
These checks should also be done during the [Church Leadership Review](../re-church-review/01.md) or while addressing concerns found in the review processes. (See: [Addressing Concerns](../re-post-review/01.md))

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checking/chk-key-words/01.md
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* Some words have more than one meaning or have to be translated differently in different contexts. If you need more than one way to translate a key word, make a new line on the chart for each way of translating it. Repeat the source term in the source column, and put the new translation in the next column, under the first translation.
* You may also want to use another column to write where in the book the word first occurs.
* Be careful not to include too many words. If the list is too detailed, checking becomes tedious. Additionally, checking every (or almost every word) can push the translated material away from a natural flow in the target language.
4. Make sure that everyone on the translation team has access to the chart so that you can all use the same words or phrases in your translation.
4. Make sure that all of the translators have access to the chart so that you can all use the same words or phrases in your translation.
5. As you translate other chapters and books of the Bible you will find more key words.
5. Meet occasionally as a team to discuss changes to the chart: key words that need to be added, translations that need to be corrected, and key words that need more than one translation.
6. Make sure that everyone on the translation team has access to the newest chart.
6. Make sure that all of the translators have access to the newest chart.
### Checking the Key Words in a Chapter

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checking/chk-peer-edit/01.md
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### How to do a Peer-Edit (MAST Step 6)
* Once you have completed a draft and checked the draft yourself (using the source text for comparison and any other helpful tools to ensure accurate meaning), give the drafted portion to another member of the translation team to review. This person should read through it, comparing it to the source text and making notes of any missing or added material. The peer editor should not make changes to the translation, only make comments and suggestions for change. The peer editor should use any available tools for checking meaning, flow, and accuracy.
* Once you have completed a draft and checked the draft yourself (using the source text for comparison and any other helpful tools to ensure accurate meaning), give the drafted portion to another translator on the team to review. This person should read through it, comparing it to the source text and making notes of any missing or added material. The peer editor should not make changes to the translation, only make comments and suggestions for change. The peer editor should use any available tools for checking meaning, flow, and accuracy.
* Once the peer editor has completed a check of the passage, go over the suggested edits together. It is up to the translator to make changes.
* Read the new translation out loud to the peer editor and fix anything that does not sound like it is the way that someone from your community would say it.
* If you are in disagreement about a suggested change, the translator is responsible for the decision at this level, but these areas should be reviewed as a team so others can provide feedback on the best possible solution to any disagreements.

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checking/chk-team-check/01.md
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The translation team will check the translation during MAST steps 5-8. They should check their translation often (usually as soon as a whole chapter is drafted) so that they can correct mistakes as early as possible in the translation process. Sometimes a step will have to be repeated before moving on to the next step.
The translators will check the translation during MAST steps 5-8. They should check their translation often (usually as soon as a whole chapter is drafted) so that they can correct mistakes as early as possible in the translation process. Sometimes a step will have to be repeated before moving on to the next step.
### Steps for translation checking:
1. Once a portion has been drafted, the translator of that section will perform a self-edit, using the source text and other available tools to check the draft. For more information about how to do this, see [Self-Edit (MAST Step 5)](../chk-self-edit/01.md).
2. When the translator has completed the self-edit, another translator on the team will perform a peer-edit, carefully comparing the translated text to the source text and using any other available tools to confirm the accuracy and meaningfulness of the translation. He may also provide feedback and comments on spelling, naturalness and flow. The person conducting the peer-edit does not have authority to make changes; his role is to provide feedback and suggestions to the translator of the draft who then makes changes as he deems necessary. For more information on how to conduct a peer-edit, see [Peer-Edit (MAST Step 6)](../chk-peer-edit/01.md).
3. Then the keywords of the passage are systematically checked against the list of key words in the available tool designed specifically to support this checking step. Alternatively, the translation team can create their own list of key words--abstract spiritual terms, historical and geographical terms and names--and carefully compare their drafted text to that list. This step is typically done by the translator and at least one other member of the translation team. For more information, see [Key Word Check (MAST Step 7)](../chk-key-words/01.md).
4. Each verse is carefully checked comparing the drafted text to the original source text, looking for any missing portions or added material. This check is typically done with the translator of the passage and at least one other member of the translation team--preferably a different member than the one who assisted in the keyword check. For more information, see [Verse-by-verse Check (MAST Step 8)](../chk-verse-by-verse/01.md) .
3. Then the keywords of the passage are systematically checked against the list of key words in the available tool designed specifically to support this checking step. Alternatively, the translation team can create their own list of key words--abstract spiritual terms, historical and geographical terms and names--and carefully compare their drafted text to that list. This step is typically done by the translator of that passage and at least one other translator. For more information, see [Key Word Check (MAST Step 7)](../chk-key-words/01.md).
4. Each verse is carefully checked comparing the drafted text to the original source text, looking for any missing portions or added material. This check is typically done with the translator of the passage and at least one other translator--preferably a different translator than the one who assisted in the keyword check. For more information, see [Verse-by-verse Check (MAST Step 8)](../chk-verse-by-verse/01.md) .
When the team has completed these steps, has incorporated the edits into the translated portion, and is collectively satisfied with the product, they then affirm the following:
* that the translation is accurate

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checking/chk-verse-by-verse/01.md
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### How to do a Verse-by-Verse Check (MAST Step 8)
The verse-by-verse check requires at least three people—the translator of the passage and two partners from the translation team—one partner who can translate the mother tongue to the source language and one partner who can compare what the first partner says with the source text.
The verse-by-verse check requires at least three people—the translator of the passage and two other translators—one who can translate the mother tongue to the source language and one who can compare what that translators says with the source text.
The translator will read their translation one verse at a time, out loud, in the mother tongue. Without using any resources, one partner will listen to the mother tongue translation and verbally translate the verse into the source language. The second partner will listen to the first partner’s verbal back-translation and compare it to the source text.

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checking/qa-need/01.md
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@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Quality assurance is a vital part of the translation process. A high quality tra
Quality assurance is the process used to ensure **an accurate translation.** The translator may not have understood fully the passage in the source text, and therefore may not have communicated it clearly in his translation. Using tools such as commentaries and other translations can be helpful in confirming that the meaning is accurately understood and conveyed.
Quality assurance is the process used to ensure **a clear and natural translation**. The translator may have worded something in a way that is unclear, ungrammatical, or awkward. Having others on the translation team and in the language community read a translation to check for flow will provide insight for correcting such problems.
Quality assurance is the process used to ensure **a clear and natural translation**. The translator may have worded something in a way that is unclear, ungrammatical, or awkward. Having othersread a translation to check for flow will provide insight for correcting such problems.
Quality assurance helps to ensure that a text has **consistent punctuation, spelling, and formatting**. Often the translation is into a previously unwritten language, so people will have to work together to agree on standards for these things.
As soon as a translator has created a draft, he will check it himself. Then others on the translation team will do some other checks and recommend improvements. After this, it is recommended that the community and church leadership review the translation and provide feedback to the translation team so that the translation can be refined or revised as needed.
As soon as a translator has created a draft, he will check it himself. Then other translators will do some other checks and recommend improvements. After this, it is recommended that the community and church leadership review the translation and provide feedback to the translators so that the translation can be refined or revised as needed.
Quality assurance may seem tedious, but it is well worth the time and effort. And if everyone in the translation team, church, and community understands that every person is a part of the quality assurance process from the start, this will encourage people to read the translation and contribute to its improvement.

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It is important for a language community to design its own rubric. When a language community establishes its own standards, it fosters ownership of a project.
During the first few days of a MAST workshop, the facilitator guides a translation team through the process of developing rubric for assessing the quality of their translation. Below are the steps used to create a rubric to guide quality assurance throughout the project.
During the first few days of a MAST workshop, the facilitator guides a translation team through the process of developing a rubric for assessing the quality of their translation. Below are the steps used to create a rubric to guide quality assurance throughout the project.
1. The translation team will choose a leader/representative of their language group to manage the rubric building process. If this leader/representative does not speak a language that the facilitator understands, the team will choose someone to translate the rubric for the facilitator.

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People want their Bible translation to be high quality. However, they may have different ideas about what makes a good translation. If people do not agree on what makes a good translation, they can waste a lot of time and effort criticizing a translation or trying to change it to what each person thinks it should be. Because of this, it is important for the translation team, the community, and the church leadership to have a **rubric** by which they can evaluate the work. Creating a rubric helps to establish standards by which to judge translation quality and ensures that all members of a team are striving for the same kind of translation
People want their Bible translation to be high quality. However, they may have different ideas about what makes a good translation. If people do not agree on what makes a good translation, they can waste a lot of time and effort criticizing a translation or trying to change it to what each person thinks it should be. Because of this, it is important for the translators, the community, and the church leadership to have a **rubric** by which they can evaluate the work. Creating a rubric helps to establish standards by which to judge translation quality and ensures that all members of a team are striving for the same kind of translation
A **rubric** is a list of characteristics that people use to evaluate how good something is. It is essentially a standard by which to judge something. In the case of Bible translation, the translation team works together to produce a list of characteristics that a good Bible translation must have. They use that list as they produce their translation and as they assess its quality. If they find that any part of the translation lacks a particular characteristic, they adjust the translation so that it will have that characteristic.
A **rubric** is a list of characteristics that people use to evaluate how good something is. It is essentially a standard by which to judge something. In the case of Bible translation, the translators work together to produce a list of characteristics that a good Bible translation must have. They use that list as they produce their translation and as they assess its quality. If they find that any part of the translation lacks a particular characteristic, they adjust the translation so that it will have that characteristic.
The community and the church leadership use this same rubric as they review the translation. If they find that any part of the translation lacks a particular characteristic, they tell the translation team. The translation team then determines whether or not the translation actually lacks that characteristic and decides whether or not they need to make any changes to the translation. This process is called refinement.
The community and the church leadership use this same rubric as they review the translation. If they find that any part of the translation lacks a particular characteristic, they tell the translators. The translators then determine whether or not the translation actually lacks that characteristic and they decide whether or not they need to make any changes to the translation. This process is called refinement.
If after using a translation from a completed project, people are not satisfied with the translation, they may decide to revise the translation, particularly if they want to use a different rubric. As a community of believers grows, it is not uncommon for the community to have more than one translation, each translation based on its own rubric.

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The intent of the church leadership review is to provide feedback to the translation team to help them to ensure that their translation is a quality translation that is accurate, clear, and natural. This helps the translation team to know that they are meeting the standards they established for quality in their rubric. (See: [Designing a Rubric for Bible Translation Quality](../qa-rubric/01.md).) Also, involving the church leadership in the refinement process increases the likelihood that the translation will be accepted and used.
The intent of the church leadership review is to provide feedback to the translators to help them to ensure that their translation is a quality translation that is accurate, clear, and natural. This helps the translators to know that they are meeting the standards they established for quality in their rubric. (See: [Designing a Rubric for Bible Translation Quality](../qa-rubric/01.md).) Also, involving the church leadership in the refinement process increases the likelihood that the translation will be accepted and used.
We recommend that participants in this review be mother tongue speakers of the language who did not participate in the community review of the passage. When possible, these should be leaders who have been trained or ordained through their church network, and they should use every aspect of their own knowledge and training to check the scriptures.
The translation team will share their translation, their rubric, the source text, the Statement of Faith, and their key terms list with the leaders of multiple church organizations in their language community. The church leaders will review the translation in order to affirm that the translation aligns with the intent of the original texts and with the Statement of Faith, which is an expression of what the Church around the world has taught since the beginning. The translation team may also ask the church leaders to check the translation for [complete versification](../verses/01.md) and [consistency](../consistency/01.md). The translators will then refine their translation based on the feedback provided.
The translators will share their translation, their rubric, the source text, the Statement of Faith, and their key terms list with the leaders of multiple church organizations in their language community. The church leaders will review the translation in order to affirm that the translation aligns with the intent of the original texts and with the Statement of Faith, which is an expression of what the Church around the world has taught since the beginning. The translators may also ask the church leaders to check the translation for [complete versification](../verses/01.md) and [consistency](../consistency/01.md). The translators will then refine their translation based on the feedback provided.
### Review Process
@ -16,26 +16,26 @@ Church leaders should work together to review the work, although they may review
Any of these are good ways to review the text.
While reviewing the work, the leaders should make notes of any questions or concerns they have. Then they can plan a time to meet with the translation team and work through those questions and concerns. The leaders and the translators should use the available translation resources for help with anything they don’t understand. After they resolve the issues and make any needed changes, the translation team may need to ask the community to review the refined passage again to make sure that it still communicates well. If meeting with the community leads to more changes, the team may need to meet with with the church leaders again to affirm that the translation is still accurate.
While reviewing the work, the leaders should make notes of any questions or concerns they have. Then they can plan a time to meet with the translators and work through those questions and concerns. The leaders and the translators should use the available translation resources for help with anything they don’t understand. After they resolve the issues and make any needed changes, the translators may need to ask the community to review the refined passage again to make sure that it still communicates well. If meeting with the community leads to more changes, they may need to meet with with the church leaders again to affirm that the translation is still accurate.
### Questions about the Translation
Here are some questions to ask yourselves while reviewing a portion of scripture. If you answer “yes” to any of these questions, please explain in more detail so that the translation team can know what the specific problem is, what part of the text needs correction, and how you would like them to correct it.
Here are some questions to ask yourselves while reviewing a portion of scripture. If you answer “yes” to any of these questions, please explain in more detail so that the translators can know what the specific problem is, what part of the text needs correction, and how you would like them to correct it.
1. Are there any doctrinal errors in the translation?
2. Did you find any areas of the translation that seem to contradict the national language translation or the important matters of faith found in your Christian community?
3. Did the translation team add extra information or ideas that were not part of the message in the source text? (Some implied information may have been expressed explicitly for the meaning to be clear. This is a desirable part of meaningful translation.)
4. Did the translation team leave out information or ideas that were part of the message in the source text?
3. Did the translators add extra information or ideas that were not part of the message in the source text? (Some implied information may have been expressed explicitly for the meaning to be clear. This is a desirable part of meaningful translation.)
4. Did the translators leave out information or ideas that were part of the message in the source text?
Here are some general questions to ask concerning the translation. If the answer is no to any of these questions, please note the area in the text that is a concern and explain your concern to the translation team.
Here are some general questions to ask concerning the translation. If the answer is no to any of these questions, please note the area in the text that is a concern and explain your concern to the translators.
1. Does the translation conform to the [Statement of Faith](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md) and the [Qualities of a Good Translation](../../translate/guidelines-intro/01.md)?
2. Does the translation have the qualities described in the rubric that the translators used?
3. Did the translation team show a good understanding of the source language as well as the target language and culture?
3. Did the translators show a good understanding of the source language as well as the target language and culture?
4. Does the language community affirm that the translation speaks in a clear and natural way in their language?
5. Is the style that the translators followed appropriate for the community?
6. Is the dialect that the translators used the best one to communicate to the wider language community? For example, have the translators used expressions, phrase connectors, and spellings that will be recognized by most people in the language community?
7. As you read the translation, think about cultural issues in the local community that might make some passages in the book difficult to translate. Has the translation team translated these passages in a way that makes the message of the source text clear, and avoids any misunderstanding that people might have because of the cultural issue?
7. As you read the translation, think about cultural issues in the local community that might make some passages in the book difficult to translate. Have the translators translated these passages in a way that makes the message of the source text clear, and avoids any misunderstanding that people might have because of the cultural issue?
8. In these difficult passages, do you feel that the translator has used language that communicates the same message that is in the source text?
9. In your judgment, does the translation communicate the same message as the source text?
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Here are some general questions to ask concerning the translation. If the answer
The following resources are recommended for helping the church leaders check the accuracy of the translation: Translation Questions and the Reviewer’s Guide. (To learn how to use these resources, see: [Using Translation Questions](../../translate/resources-questions/01.md).) These will help the translators find out what people understand when they hear or read the translation.
The following resources are recommended for helping translation teams address issues that are discovered through the church leadership review process: Translation Notes and Translation Words. (To learn how to use these resources, see: [Translation Notes](../../translate/resources-types/01.md) and [Translation Words](../../translate/resources-words/01.md).) These resources can help the reviewers and translators better understand what was written in the source text so they can determine whether or not the translators need to change anything in the translation.
The following resources are recommended for helping translators address issues that are discovered through the church leadership review process: Translation Notes and Translation Words. (To learn how to use these resources, see: [Translation Notes](../../translate/resources-types/01.md) and [Translation Words](../../translate/resources-words/01.md).) These resources can help the reviewers and translators better understand what was written in the source text so they can determine whether or not the translators need to change anything in the translation.
Translation Notes and Translation Words are embedded in BTT Writer. All of these resources are available on bibleineverylanguage.org.
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Key elements of the church leadership review are:
1. Church leaders from multiple church networks or denominations read (or listen to) the translated scriptures and contribute to their improvement.
2. The church leaders refer to the WA translation helps and to their own Bible reference books to ensure accuracy and completeness of the translation.
3. The translation team is responsible to respond to feedback and implement changes in the translation where needed.
3. The translators are responsible to respond to feedback and implement changes in the translation where needed.

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The intent of the community review is to provide feedback to the translation team to help them to ensure their translation is a quality translation that is accurate, clear, and natural. This helps the translation team to know that they are meeting the standards they established for quality in their rubric. (See: [Designing a Rubric for Bible Translation Quality](../qa-rubric/01.md).) Also, involving the community in the refinement process increases the likelihood that the translation will be accepted and used.
The intent of the community review is to provide feedback to the translators to help them to ensure their translation is a quality translation that is accurate, clear, and natural. This helps the translators to know that they are meeting the standards they established for quality in their rubric. (See: [Designing a Rubric for Bible Translation Quality](../qa-rubric/01.md).) Also, involving the community in the refinement process increases the likelihood that the translation will be accepted and used.
The translation team will share the translation and their rubric with members of their language community. These people should be representative of their community. For example, there should be men and women, old and young, formally educated and not formally educated. The translators will use one or more testing methods so that they can receive feedback from the community about whether or not the translation has the characteristics that they established in their rubric. (See: [Community Review Methods](../re-review-methods/01.md).) The translators will then refine their translation based on the feedback provided.
The translators will share the translation and their rubric with members of their language community. These people should be representative of their community. For example, there should be men and women, old and young, formally educated and not formally educated. The translators will use one or more testing methods so that they can receive feedback from the community about whether or not the translation has the characteristics that they established in their rubric. (See: [Community Review Methods](../re-review-methods/01.md).) The translators will then refine their translation based on the feedback provided.
The following resources are recommended for use in reviewing the translation: **Translation Questions** and the **Reviewer's Guide**. These will help the translators find out what people understand when they hear or read the translation. To learn about the Translation Questions, see: [Using Translation Questions](../../translate/resources-questions/01.md).
The following resources are recommended for helping translation teams address issues that are discovered through the community review process: **Translation Notes** and **Translation Words.** These resources can help the reviewers and translators better understand what was written in the source text so they can determine whether or not the translators need to change anything in the translation. To learn about these resources, see [Translation Notes](../../translate/resources-types/01.md) and [Translation Words](../../translate/resources-words/01.md).
The following resources are recommended for helping the translators address issues that are discovered through the community review process: **Translation Notes** and **Translation Words.** These resources can help the reviewers and translators better understand what was written in the source text so they can determine whether or not the translators need to change anything in the translation. To learn about these resources, see [Translation Notes](../../translate/resources-types/01.md) and [Translation Words](../../translate/resources-words/01.md).
Translation Questions, Translation Notes, and Translation Words are embedded in BTT Writer. All of these resources are available on bibleineverylanguage.org.
Key elements of the community review are:
1. Christians in the community read (or listen to) the translated scriptures and contribute to their improvement
2. The above listed resources are used for ensuring accuracy and completeness
3. The translation team is responsible to respond to feedback and implement changes in the translation where needed.
3. The translators are responsible to respond to feedback and implement changes in the translation where needed.

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After the community or the church leadership reviews the translated portions, they and the translators should take the following steps.
1. The reviewers either send their results to the translation team or discuss the results with the team.
1. The reviewers either send their results to the translators or discuss the results with them.
2. The team (or the team with the reviewers) does any needed research to determine whether or not a change really is needed.
3. The team (or the team with the reviewers) determines what kind of change is needed.
4. The team makes the change.

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Refinement and revision are key aspects of making a quality translation that people will actually use and benefit from. Ideally the language community and their church leaders review a translation and provide feedback for the translation team to improve their translation. This is the first step in the refinement and revision processes.
Refinement and revision are key aspects of making a quality translation that people will actually use and benefit from. Ideally the language community and their church leaders review a translation and provide feedback for the translators to improve their translation. This is the first step in the refinement and revision processes.
### Refinement
Refinement is the process of improving a translation before a translation project is complete. Refinement provides an open invitation (implied or direct) to members of the language community to suggest improvements to the translation. The translation team is encouraged to print or otherwise publish their translation so that people can immediately use it and provide feedback about it. The team is also encouraged to invite members of the community and church leaders to review the translation and suggest improvements.
Refinement is the process of improving a translation before a translation project is complete. Refinement provides an open invitation (implied or direct) to members of the language community to suggest improvements to the translation. The translators are encouraged to print or otherwise publish their translation so that people can immediately use it and provide feedback about it. They also encouraged to invite members of the community and church leaders to review the translation and suggest improvements.
In the refinement process, the community and church leadership use the rubric created by the translation team in order to assess the quality of the translation. If they find that any part of the translation lacks a particular characteristic, they discuss this with the translation team. Then the translation team can adjust the translation so that it will have that characteristic.
In the refinement process, the community and church leadership use the rubric created by the translators in order to assess the quality of the translation. If they find that any part of the translation lacks a particular characteristic, they discuss this with the translators. Then the translators can adjust the translation so that it will have that characteristic.
### Revision
Revision is the process of improving a translation after a translation project has been completed. Revision provides an opportunity for the church to improve a translation whenever they determine there is sufficient need for a revision. There are a variety of needs for a translation to be revised; this is a natural part of ongoing church-owned Bible translation.
One marked difference between refinement and revision is that refinement always uses the rubric established by the translation team, while a revision often establishes a new rubric for assessing the quality of their work. This new rubric can be adapted from the original rubric. However if the language community determines that the standards established in the original rubric were not met, they may do a revision that meets those standards.
One marked difference between refinement and revision is that refinement always uses the rubric established by the translators, while a revision often establishes a new rubric for assessing the quality of their work. This new rubric can be adapted from the original rubric. However if the language community determines that the standards established in the original rubric were not met, they may do a revision that meets those standards.

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The goal of the translation of biblical content is to produce a high-quality translation that is used and loved by the church. High-quality translations are accurate, clear, and natural (see [Qualities of a Good Translation](../../translate/guidelines-intro/01.md)). But for a translation to be used and loved by the church, it must be church-affirmed. This means that the local church recognizes it to be the Word of God and desires to use it.
In order to produce a translation that the church affirms, as many church networks as possible should be contacted and encouraged to become a part of the translation project and to send some of their people to be a part of the translation team. They should be consulted and asked for their input into the translation project, its goals, and its process. They should be involved in distributing the translation, reviewing it, and providing feedback so it can be refined. The more involved they are in these processes, the more likely they will affirm the translation.
In order to produce a translation that the church affirms, as many church networks as possible should be contacted and encouraged to become a part of the translation project and to send some of their people to be a part of the translation team. They should be consulted and asked for their input into the translation project, its goals, and its process. They should be involved in distributing the translation, reviewing it, and providing feedback so it can be refined. The more involved they are in these processes, the more likely they will affirm the translation.
If the church cannot actively lead the translation and coordinate all the efforts, it is necessary that whoever is leading the translation be affirmed by the church networks, preferably before they even start.
After the translation team has checked the quality of their translation, they are encouraged to share it with the community and the church leaders so that they can review the translation and give feedback. Encouraging the community and as many church networks as possible to participate and give input will encourage them to own and affirm the translation. And if they do this, there should be nothing hindering the translation from being used to strengthen and encourage the church.
After the translators have checked the quality of their translation, they are encouraged to share it with the community and the church leaders so that they can review the translation and give feedback. Encouraging the community and as many church networks as possible to participate and give input will encourage them to own and affirm the translation. And if they do this, there should be nothing hindering the translation from being used to strengthen and encourage the church.

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Bible translations that are **collaborative** are those that have been translated by a group of speakers of the same language. To ensure that your translation is of the highest quality, work together with other believers who speak your language to translate, check, and distribute the translated content.
Collaboration occurs in many ways during the translation process. First, as the team gathers from different churches and villages, they commit to collaborate on the project as a whole. Second, as individuals on the team translate portions of scripture, they work with other team members to check their translation and improve it. Third, the team collaborates with community members and church leaders who read or listen to the scripture and provide feedback about how the translation can be improved.
Collaboration occurs in many ways during the translation process. First, as the team gathers from different churches and villages, they commit to collaborate on the project as a whole. Second, as translators on the team translate portions of scripture, they work with other translators on the team to check their translation and improve it. Third, the translators collaborate with community members and church leaders who read or listen to the scripture and provide feedback about how the translation can be improved.
Whenever possible the translation team should endeavor to include other Christians from their language group in the translation process, so as to continue and expand on the collaborative nature of the project.

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intro/ta-intro/01.md
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* [Church-Owned Bible Translation](../wa/01.md) - This section introduces how Bible translation is done with Wycliffe Associates. Among other things, it describes the Gateway Languages Strategy and tells about translation tools and resources to support that strategy.
* [Translation Theory and Practices](../../translate/translate-manual/01.md) - This explains the basics of translation theory and provides simple explanations of standard practices.
* [Translation Topics](../../jit/figs-intro/01.md) - These are practical translation helps, specifically targeting potential challenges, that are also linked from the Translation Notes.
* [Quality Assurance](../../checking/qa-need/01.md) - This explains the processes by which the translation team, the church, and the community work together to ensure the quality of the translation.
* [Quality Assurance](../../checking/qa-need/01.md) - This explains the processes by which the translators the church, and the community work together to ensure the quality of the translation.

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translate/guidelines-authoritative/01.md
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An **authoritative** Bible translation is one that is translated with the understanding that the biblical texts in the original languages are the highest authority for the meaning of biblical content. Whenever two or more translations of the Bible disagree about the meaning of a Bible passage, it is the original languages that have the final authority for deciding the meaning. Sometimes people are very loyal to certain Bible translations that they are accustomed to reading, and might argue with other people who are loyal to a different Bible translation. But neither of those Bible translations is the highest authority, because they are only translations of the original. All translations are secondary in authority to the original languages. That is why we must always refer to the original biblical languages when deciding how to translate the Bible. (You can learn about the original languages in [The Original and Source Languages](../translate-original/01.md).)
Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original languages of the Bible, it is not always possible to refer to the biblical languages when translating the Bible. Instead, the translation team has to rely on translations that they are able to read that have, in turn, been based on the biblical languages. Many of the translations in the gateway languages were translated with reference to the biblical languages, including the ULB. When translations are made of translations, accuracy can become a challenge.
Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original languages of the Bible, it is not always possible to refer to the biblical languages when translating the Bible. Instead, the translators have to rely on translations that they are able to read that have, in turn, been based on the biblical languages. Many of the translations in the gateway languages were translated with reference to the biblical languages, including the ULB. When translations are made of translations, accuracy can become a challenge.
To help with this, we recommend that translation teams do these things whenever possible:
1. Use Translation Notes, Translation Words, and any other translation resources they have to help them understand the meaning of the original text. The translation resources made available by Wycliffe Associates were reviewed by Bible scholars who have studied the original biblical languages and by Bible translation specialists.
1. Compare their translation with as many other reliable translations as they can, to make sure that it communicates the same message as the others.
1. Invite someone from the language community who has studied the biblical languages to review the translation and offer feedback to the translation team. This person could be a church leader, pastor, seminary professor, or Bible translation professional.
1. Invite someone from the language community who has studied the biblical languages to review the translation and offer feedback to the translators. This person could be a church leader, pastor, seminary professor, or Bible translation professional.
Sometimes Bible translations differ because some passages in the Bible are unclear or ambiguous in the original biblical languages. In that case, the translation team must choose between the possible meanings based on what Bible scholars say in Translation Notes, Translation Words, the Unlocked Dynamic Bible, and other translation helps. It is important for the team to work together on making these decisions and to humbly submit to the input of their leaders and pastors.

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For newly written languages, it may be easiest to adopt the method of punctuation that the gateway language uses, or that a national language Bible or related-language Bible uses. As you begin translating, you will come to situations where you will need to make decisions on punctuation. Work together as a team to develop consistant standards, and make sure everyone knows what those standards are.
Later as you go through the different levels of checking, keep your eye open for inconsistancies in punctuation. Additionally, you can ask someone with appropriate education from your language group to read through and edit the translation for punctuation and make notes of questionable areas for the translation team to review and edit.
Later as you go through the different kinds of checking, keep your eye open for inconsistancies in punctuation. Additionally, you can ask someone with appropriate education from your language group to read through and edit the translation for punctuation and make notes of questionable areas for the translators to review and edit.

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translate/qualifications/01.md
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### Qualifications of the Translator or Translation Team
### Qualifications of the Translator
The leaders of the church networks that will be involved in the translation should consider the following questions when choosing the people who will be members of the translation team. These questions will help the church and community leaders know if the people that they choose will be able to successfully translate the Bible or the Open Bible Stories.
The leaders of the church networks that will be involved in the translation should consider the following questions when choosing the people who will be translators. These questions will help the church and community leaders know if the people that they choose will be able to successfully translate the Bible or the Open Bible Stories.
1. Is the person known to be a very good speaker of the target language? It is important that the person speak the target language very well.

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translate/resources-links/01.md
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* This will make it easier for you to translate this phrase by reminding you of how you have already translated it.
* This will make your translation faster and more consistent because you will be reminded to translate that phrase in the same way each time.
If a translation that you have used before for the same phrase does not fit a new context, then you will have to think of a new way to translate it. In this case, you should make a note of it and discuss it with others on the translation team.
If a translation that you have used before for the same phrase does not fit a new context, then you will have to think of a new way to translate it. In this case, you should make a note of it and discuss it with the other translators.
The verse links will only take you back to Translation Notes in the book that you are working on. Looking at the note can remind you of why you translated it in the earlier verse as you did. The link cannot take you directly to your own translation; you will need to find the verse in your translation to see how you translated it.

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**Translation Words** is a collection of short articles about various words found in the Bible and the Open Bible Stories. Some of the words are key terms, with special meaning in the Bible. Some are words for things that may be unknown in some parts of the world, such as certain kinds of animals, plants, tools, or customs. Some words are the names of particular people or places in the Bible. The articles provide definitions or explanations, along with suggestions about how to translate the words, links to other words with related meanings, and links to a few places in the Bible where the word occurs.
Translators are encouraged to read articles in Translation Words while checking their translations, particularly when a word is first encountered and anytime the meaning of the word seems to be unclear. Use the information in the article and discuss with the other members of the translation team what might be a good way to translate the word into your language.
Translators are encouraged to read articles in Translation Words while checking their translations, particularly when a word is first encountered and anytime the meaning of the word seems to be unclear. Use the information in the article and discuss with the other translators what might be a good way to translate the word into your language.
When you find a good translation for a particular word, try to use it consistently throughout the translation. If you find a place where that translation does not fit, then discuss it some more. It could be that there is another way of translating it that will be good all the time, or you might need more than one way of translating it depending on the context.
Keep track of which word or words you are using to translate each word and make this information available to everyone on the translation team. This will help everyone on the translation team to know which words they should be using.
Keep track of which word or words you are using to translate each word and make this information available to all of the translators. This will help everyone to know which words they should be using.
### Kinds of Words in Translation Words
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* prophet (person who delivers messages that come directly from God)
* king (ruler of an independent city, state or country).
The translation team may need to discuss the definitions of these words with other members of the church and community in order to discover the best way to translate them.
The translators may need to discuss the definitions of these words with other members of the church and community in order to discover the best way to translate them.

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### Communication Modes in the Translation Process
Translation teams and the church will need to determine what mode of communication they will use as they do their translation work. Three modes that teams use are writing, speaking, and signing.
Translators and the church will need to determine what mode of communication they will use as they do their translation work. Three modes that translators use are writing, speaking, and signing.
* **Writing** - Translators either type their translation into a computer program or write their translation on paper for someone else to type it.
* **Speaking** - Translators speak their translation into an audio recorder. This method is very helpful for translators who do not write. See http://translationrecorder.com
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### Communication Media in the Translation Products
Translation teams and the church will need to determine what media to use for their translation products. Three media that teams use are print, audio recording, and video recording. (Video recording is primarily for Deaf communities.)
Translators and the church will need to determine what media to use for their translation products. Three media that translators use are print, audio recording, and video recording. (Video recording is primarily for Deaf communities.)
* **Books** - This is especially good in language communities that already have a writing system and people who use it.
* **Audio Recordings** - This is very helpful in language communities that have people who either do not read well or who learn best by listening.

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At some point, the translation team will have to figure out what to translate first, or, if they have already done some translation, what to translate next. There are several factors that need to be considered:
* What does the church want to be translated?
* How experienced is the translation team?
* How experienced are the translators?
* How much biblical content has been translated into this language?
The answers to these questions are all important. But remember this: