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Paul continues to use slavery as a metaphor for obedience and disobedience to God.
I speak like a man
Paul is describing "sin" and "obedience" as "slavery." AT: "I am speaking about slavery to describe sin and obedience"
because of the weakness of your flesh
Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." AT: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things"
presented your body parts as slaves to uncleanness and to evil
Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. AT: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
present your body parts as slaves to righteousness for sanctification
AT: "offer yourselves as slaves to what right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him"
What fruit then did you have at that time of the things of which you are now ashamed?
Paul is using a question to emphasize that sinning results in nothing good. AT: "You gained nothing by doing those things that now cause you shame." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)