JDG front intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Judges<br><br>1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)<br> * Introduction (1:1-3:6)<br> * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)<br> * Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)<br> * Gideon (6:1–8:35)<br> * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)<br> * Jephthah (10:6-12:7)<br> * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)<br> * Samson (13:1–16:31)<br>1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)<br>1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)<br><br>### What is the Book of Judges about?<br><br>The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.<br><br>This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.<br><br>After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What kind of leaders were the judges?<br><br>These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.<br><br>These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.<br><br>### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?<br><br>This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.<br><br>The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past.<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?<br><br>The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s
JDG 1 intro a4am 0 # Judges 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### “After the death of Joshua”<br>This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land<br><br>Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
JDG 1 1 r9ee 0 Connecting Statement: The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
JDG 1 1 b9my 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JDG 1 1 c92j figs-exclusive 0 will attack the Canaanites for us The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JDG 1 2 c4zw figs-synecdoche 0 Judah will attack Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 2 ysi6 figs-explicit 0 this land This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 3 x2kz 0 Come up with us The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
JDG 1 3 p8mq figs-activepassive 0 that was assigned to us … that was assigned to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 4 ku4h figs-explicit 0 The men of Judah attacked It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 4 n19d translate-numbers 0 They killed ten thousand “They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 1 4 c9xq translate-names 0 Bezek This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 5 w88l translate-names 0 Adoni-Bezek This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 5 i3pn figs-synecdoche 0 they fought against him Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 7 t5fd figs-activepassive 0 who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 7 p5cw figs-metonymy 0 gathered their food from under my table Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 8 hh58 figs-metonymy 0 the city of Jerusalem and took it Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 8 ca78 figs-metonymy 0 They attacked it Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 8 k6ze figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 9 cs3t 0 the men of Judah went down to fight It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
JDG 1 9 x4ew 0 foothills hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
JDG 1 10 ax37 writing-background 0 the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 1 10 edk7 translate-names 0 Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 11 lh59 writing-background 0 the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 1 12 e7kf figs-metonymy 0 Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 12 n39v translate-names 0 Aksah This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 15 rz4u figs-explicit 0 Since you have given me the land of the Negev Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 15 n8di figs-explicit 0 Since you have given me the land This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 17 iy2d figs-explicit 0 The name of the city was called Hormah After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 19 vtq2 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh was with the people of Judah Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 1 20 ys79 figs-activepassive 0 Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 20 eml1 figs-synecdoche 0 three sons of Anak The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 20 tyj7 translate-names 0 Anak This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 21 l6aj 0 to this day “until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
JDG 1 22 da33 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Joseph Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 22 pc1n figs-metonymy 0 to attack Bethel Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 23 vx3f writing-background 0 the city that was formerly called Luz This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 24 qdm8 0 spies people who get information secretly
JDG 1 25 dj1j figs-metonymy 0 they attacked the city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 25 ncm9 figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 25 uw87 figs-idiom 0 get away This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 1 27 grh4 0 because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
JDG 1 28 m64k figs-metonymy 0 When Israel became strong Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 29 ek8n figs-metonymy 0 Ephraim did not Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 30 z9je figs-metonymy 0 Zebulun did not drive out Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 30 l8tv figs-metonymy 0 but Zebulun forced Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 31 e29r figs-metonymy 0 Asher did not drive Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 31 b612 translate-names 0 Akko … Sidon … Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek … Rehob These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 33 d9v1 translate-names 0 Beth Shemesh … Beth Anath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 33 pck2 figs-activepassive 0 the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 34 ijt5 0 plain a very large area of flat land without trees
JDG 1 35 qwt2 translate-names 0 Mount Heres This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 35 x276 0 the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
JDG 1 35 uvw1 figs-metonymy 0 house of Joseph Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 36 g7nx translate-names 0 the hill of Akrabbim This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 2 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
JDG 2 1 x66i translate-names 0 Bokim This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 1 te37 figs-ellipsis 0 and said It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 2 1 p92u figs-idiom 0 break my covenant with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 2 2 syq4 figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 2 w8ys figs-rquestion 0 What is this that you have done? This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 2 3 kdq3 figs-quotesinquotes 0 So now I say, ‘I will not … trap for you.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 2 3 plg4 figs-metaphor 0 become thorns in your sides The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 3 b6w1 figs-metaphor 0 their gods will become a trap for you The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 6 p53v 0 Now when Joshua Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
JDG 2 6 u1xb writing-background 0 when Joshua … of their land The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 6 i12e figs-explicit 0 to the place assigned You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 2 7 kcc2 writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 7 g5ah 0 the elders Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
JDG 2 8 ii19 writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 8 m4jx writing-background 0 Joshua son of Nun … died at the age of 110 years old The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 9 ne2z figs-activepassive 0 he was assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 2 10 umh1 figs-euphemism 0 All that generation was also gathered to their fathers The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 2 10 qd7f 0 who did not know Yahweh Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
JDG 2 11 yhh4 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 11 gx61 translate-names 0 Baals This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 12 tp3f figs-metaphor 0 They broke away from Yahweh The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 12 n4xl figs-metaphor 0 They went after other gods The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 12 w9r2 translate-symaction 0 bowed down to them This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 2 13 ddu6 translate-names 0 Ashtoreths This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 14 r6xm figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 14 v1ki figs-metaphor 0 He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 2 15 b13p figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 16 t2b3 figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh raised up judges Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 16 myh2 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of those Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 17 dv8s figs-simile 0 gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 2 18 eau5 figs-metaphor 0 When Yahweh raised up judges Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 18 ql9k figs-metonymy 0 the hand of their enemies Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 18 g95t figs-metonymy 0 as they groaned The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 19 q63w figs-metaphor 0 they would turn away The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 19 kid3 figs-metaphor 0 They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 19 lq1a figs-litotes 0 They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways “They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 2 20 b7rk figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 20 clk3 figs-metonymy 0 this nation has broken Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 21 ry6q figs-metonymy 0 any of the nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 22 n194 figs-metaphor 0 they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 23 tn49 figs-doublet 0 did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 2 23 b618 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Joshua Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 intro k35h 0 # Judges 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people worship false gods<br><br>Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Blew a trumpet”<br><br>When Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 3 1 xj63 figs-activepassive 0 who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 2 l4u8 writing-background 0 He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 3 3 mgb4 figs-synecdoche 0 the five kings These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 3 upq5 translate-names 0 Mount Baal Hermon This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 3 z6zc translate-names 0 Hamath Pass This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 4 vqn2 figs-activepassive 0 These nations were left If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 7 p6m5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 7 e1t1 figs-idiom 0 forgot Yahweh their God Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 3 8 yg7p figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh was set on fire Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 8 gwp8 figs-metaphor 0 sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 8 zj78 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 8 b1vl translate-names 0 Cushan-Rishathaim This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 8 a27l translate-names 0 Aram Naharaim This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 9 vg5k figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh raised up someone Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 10 rq2z 0 he judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG 3 10 k8cd figs-synecdoche 0 he went out to war Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 10 l4lh figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 10 f953 figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Othniel Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 11 svg9 figs-metonymy 0 The land had peace “The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 12 l914 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 12 nj1t figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 3 12 s1wn figs-synecdoche 0 to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 15 mpv5 0 called out to Yahweh Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
JDG 3 15 zn6d figs-metaphor 0 raised up someone Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 16 fm5l translate-bdistance 0 one cubit If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JDG 3 17 k42d writing-background 0 Now Eglon was a very fat man Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 3 19 q56y figs-activepassive 0 when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 20 f67g 0 in the coolness of the upper room This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
JDG 3 20 p7ft translate-symaction 0 The king got up out of his seat Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 3 23 djg4 0 porch an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
JDG 3 24 z2qt figs-euphemism 0 Surely he is relieving himself This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 3 25 d7zv 0 until they felt they were neglecting their duty They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
JDG 3 26 r2ig figs-events 0 While the servants were waiting … Ehud escaped This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JDG 3 27 zet1 figs-ellipsis 0 When he arrived You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 3 28 s9y4 0 General Information: Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
JDG 3 28 ax6h figs-metaphor 0 for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 30 ch1z figs-activepassive 0 Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 30 par9 figs-metonymy 0 the strength of Israel Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 30 w1xr figs-metonymy 0 the land had rest Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 31 psq1 0 judge God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
JDG 3 31 xdh8 translate-names 0 Shamgar The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 31 uz68 translate-names 0 Anath The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 31 z3lr 0 a stick used to goad cattle Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
JDG 3 31 n8z3 figs-metonymy 0 He also delivered Israel from danger The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 intro pjw5 0 # Judges 4 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Barak’s leadership<br><br>At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 4 1 h4q7 0 Ehud See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 4 1 aq65 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 2 yj14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 4 e7xn writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 4 4 nnu6 translate-names 0 Deborah This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 4 gru6 translate-names 0 Lappidoth This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 4 lj93 0 judge God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
JDG 4 5 uy3x 0 palm of Deborah This tree was named after Deborah.
JDG 4 6 b5l8 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 6 vi2x translate-numbers 0 ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 7 rm5r 0 I will draw out Here “I” refers to God.
JDG 4 7 mmc1 figs-synecdoche 0 draw out Sisera Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 4 8 b27v 0 Barak See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 4 9 y6ww figs-metaphor 0 the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 9 v8ri figs-metonymy 0 for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 9 msw7 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 9 bi9q 0 Deborah See how you translated this woman’s name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 4 10 g69f translate-numbers 0 Ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 11 wq16 writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 4 13 r3xw figs-metonymy 0 Sisera called out all his chariots Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 13 avt4 translate-numbers 0 nine hundred iron chariots “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 14 pb3b figs-pastforfuture 0 Yahweh has given you victory Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JDG 4 14 r1ph figs-rquestion 0 Is not Yahweh leading you? Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 4 14 fv1q translate-numbers 0 with ten thousand “with 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 15 t5qj 0 Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
JDG 4 15 u8qh figs-metonymy 0 all his chariots Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 16 qj43 figs-synecdoche 0 Barak pursued Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 4 16 x3gk figs-synecdoche 0 the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 4 17 h17w figs-idiom 0 ran away on foot This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 4 17 mp3u translate-names 0 Jael This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 18 k8b1 figs-explicit 0 Turn aside This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 4 21 ctd6 0 tent peg a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
JDG 4 21 i8q2 0 hammer a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
JDG 4 21 lvc4 figs-metaphor 0 a deep sleep Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 23 xzh1 figs-metaphor 0 God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 24 zcb9 figs-synecdoche 0 they destroyed him Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 intro jgd9 0 # Judges 5 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The flood<br><br>God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making<br>them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 1 w7ex figs-explicit 0 On that day The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 5 wuf5 figs-explicit 0 even Mount Sinai quaked When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 6 asi7 translate-names 0 Shamgar … Anath … Jael These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 6 rw34 writing-background 0 son of Anath Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 5 6 ki5e figs-activepassive 0 the main roads were abandoned This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 7 n27x figs-metaphor 0 I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 8 mxk4 figs-explicit 0 they chose new gods The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 8 duj5 figs-synecdoche 0 there was fighting at the city gates Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 8 v83h figs-hyperbole 0 there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 5 8 dl2n translate-numbers 0 forty thousand in Israel “40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 5 9 u5zy figs-metonymy 0 My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 5 10 dt2p figs-merism 0 you who ride on white donkeys … you who walk along the road This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 5 10 vf24 0 sitting on rugs for saddles These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
JDG 5 13 tl3e 0 to me with the warriors The word “me” refers to Deborah.
JDG 5 14 e478 figs-metaphor 0 from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 14 k3ph figs-you 0 followed you Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 5 14 yna1 translate-names 0 Machir This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 14 rl91 figs-metonymy 0 from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 15 ruv4 figs-123person 0 My princes in Issachar were with Deborah Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 5 15 sn4n figs-metonymy 0 Issachar was with Barak Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 15 sdi1 figs-metonymy 0 there were great searchings of heart Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 16 wc6c figs-rquestion 0 Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 16 xdd2 0 the fireplaces Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
JDG 5 16 jg14 figs-metonymy 0 there were great searchings of heart Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 17 pg1n figs-metonymy 0 Gilead stayed Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 17 zwj6 figs-explicit 0 the other side of the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 l6vz figs-rquestion 0 Dan, why did he wander about on ships? This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 wn8k figs-metonymy 0 Dan, why did he Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 17 wy1c figs-explicit 0 wander about on ships The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 q466 figs-explicit 0 Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 hk9v figs-metonymy 0 Asher remained Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 18 iq38 figs-ellipsis 0 Naphtali, also You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 5 19 klr4 figs-synecdoche 0 The kings came, they fought … the kings of Canaan fought The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 19 qh9s figs-ellipsis 0 they fought … fought The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 5 19 bwx4 0 Taanach … Megiddo Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
JDG 5 19 jn5l figs-synecdoche 0 no silver as plunder Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 19 lin6 0 plunder things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
JDG 5 20 uwf8 figs-personification 0 From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 5 20 r9rm figs-synecdoche 0 against Sisera Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 21 yn1b figs-explicit 0 The Kishon River swept them away Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 21 je12 figs-synecdoche 0 March on my soul, be strong Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 22 wx9v figs-explicit 0 Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 23 gg5n figs-metonymy 0 Curse Meroz Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 25 a4wl 0 brought him butter Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
JDG 5 25 viu5 figs-explicit 0 a dish fit for princes This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 26 iyf8 0 tent peg This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
JDG 5 26 c1yp figs-ellipsis 0 her right hand to the workman’s hammer This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 5 26 va7c 0 hammer This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
JDG 5 27 ezv3 figs-activepassive 0 he was violently killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 5 28 mw4d figs-parallelism 0 Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 5 28 k2dy figs-metonymy 0 taken his chariot … Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 29 xa2n 0 wisest princesses A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
JDG 5 30 l98i figs-rquestion 0 Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb … plunder? The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 5 30 cw6v figs-rquestion 0 a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder? The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 5 30 xgr7 figs-synecdoche 0 a womb, two wombs for every man Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 30 yg2c figs-synecdoche 0 for the necks of those who plunder Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 31 bi4x figs-simile 0 like the sun when it rises in its might The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 5 31 q1yt figs-metonymy 0 the land had peace Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 31 mw3u translate-numbers 0 for forty years “for 40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 6 intro p5sj 0 # Judges 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
JDG 6 1 ht3z figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 6 1 l9nl figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 2 bs4z figs-metonymy 0 The power of Midian oppressed Israel Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 5 i2ld 0 Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
JDG 6 5 e5sl figs-simile 0 they would come as a swarm of locusts The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 6 5 ra2i figs-hyperbole 0 it was impossible to count This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 6 6 eg3l figs-metonymy 0 Midian weakened Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 6 lcc3 figs-idiom 0 called out to Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 7 z7sa figs-idiom 0 called out to Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 7 r2ej figs-metonymy 0 because of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 8 h336 figs-metaphor 0 the house of slavery Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 6 9 ue1t figs-metonymy 0 from the hand In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 10 ne4s figs-metonymy 0 obeyed my voice - Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 11 sex8 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG 6 11 r6sg translate-names 0 Ophrah This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 6 11 iz4d translate-names 0 Abiezrite This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 6 11 y3ww 0 was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
JDG 6 13 as35 0 my master Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
JDG 6 13 in9x figs-rquestion 0 Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 6 13 e2k9 figs-idiom 0 gave us into the hand of Midian The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 13 vi7e figs-metonymy 0 gave us into the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 13 buc4 figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 14 kx2t figs-metonymy 0 from the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 14 wuu9 figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 14 zs9h figs-rquestion 0 Have I not sent you? Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 15 w5e8 0 Please, Lord Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
JDG 6 15 wn75 figs-rquestion 0 how can I deliver Israel? Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 15 tw55 figs-metonymy 0 in my father’s house Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 16 p1xa figs-idiom 0 I will be with you Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 16 fhe8 figs-explicit 0 as one man You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 19 kmz6 translate-bvolume 0 from an ephah of flour If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
JDG 6 21 ggc2 0 angel of Yahweh In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 22 x6iw 0 angel of Yahweh In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 22 l2pp figs-exclamations 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh! The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JDG 6 22 c1kt figs-idiom 0 seen the angel of Yahweh face to face This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 25 h71y translate-ordinal 0 a second bull The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 6 28 i5zb figs-activepassive 0 the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 6 30 r7h5 figs-activepassive 0 he may be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 6 31 jw4v figs-rquestion 0 Will you plead the case for Baal? Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 31 n471 figs-rquestion 0 Will you save him? Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 32 j4wk translate-names 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 6 33 eu5d figs-explicit 0 gathered together The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 34 d9eb figs-idiom 0 came over Gideon This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 34 zxl8 figs-ellipsis 0 so they might follow him The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 6 35 sy9t figs-activepassive 0 and they too, were called out to follow him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 6 35 qb25 figs-metonymy 0 to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 37 s8ri figs-explicit 0 then I will know that you will The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 intro q545 0 # Judges 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God gets all of the credit<br><br>God said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
JDG 7 1 w8xb figs-metonymy 0 The camp of Midian was to their north Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 2 ja78 figs-abstractnouns 0 for me to give you victory over the Midianites The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 7 2 ww36 figs-metonymy 0 Our own power has saved us Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 3 i31q 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG 7 3 ahw6 figs-synecdoche 0 proclaim in the ears of the people Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 7 3 gt6x figs-parallelism 0 Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 7 3 h7mv 0 trembles This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
JDG 7 3 m53a figs-explicit 0 let him return You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 3 iup9 translate-names 0 Mount Gilead This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 3 wn6f figs-ellipsis 0 ten thousand remained The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 7 4 t9yd figs-metonymy 0 I will make their number smaller for you there Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 5 iem1 figs-go 0 Gideon brought The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
JDG 7 6 ae7k translate-numbers 0 Three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 7 e8uv translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 7 gk97 figs-you 0 I will rescue you and give you victory Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG 7 8 j7gy figs-activepassive 0 So those who were chosen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 9 u84q figs-metonymy 0 Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 7 10 xqh7 figs-ellipsis 0 afraid to go down You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 7 11 j99j figs-activepassive 0 your courage will be strengthened If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 12 r5ww figs-simile 0 as thick as a cloud of locusts Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 7 12 zt6s figs-hyperbole 0 Their camels were more … in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 7 12 d37k figs-activepassive 0 Their camels were more than could be counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 14 yg52 figs-metonymy 0 This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 14 v4e2 figs-pastforfuture 0 God has given him victory over Midian This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JDG 7 16 xjf2 translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 18 rj9w figs-explicit 0 For Yahweh and for Gideon! The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 19 wba7 0 right at the beginning of the middle watch The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
JDG 7 20 zfw1 figs-metonymy 0 The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 22 nk36 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 22 rv5b translate-names 0 Beth Shittah … Zererah … Abel Meholah … Tabbath These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 23 u5e9 figs-activepassive 0 The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 24 u7ze 0 took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
JDG 7 25 hn84 figs-explicit 0 at the rock of Oreb … at the winepress of Zeeb The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 25 rvj8 translate-names 0 Oreb … Zeeb These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 intro zh95 0 # Judges 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon<br>The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Gideon refuses to be king<br><br>Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JDG 8 1 sea3 figs-rquestion 0 What is this you have done to us? The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 2 wpi2 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done now compared to you? Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 2 xg8b figs-rquestion 0 Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 2 i6yr figs-rquestion 0 Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 2 rr59 figs-metonymy 0 Abiezer This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 3 bi55 figs-rquestion 0 What have I accomplished compared to you? Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 4 f6yp translate-numbers 0 the three hundred men “the 300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 4 s9yv figs-abstractnouns 0 kept up the pursuit The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 8 6 l71p figs-rquestion 0 Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 6 aw3g figs-synecdoche 0 Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 6 bn4x figs-metonymy 0 now in your hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 6 k3em figs-rquestion 0 Why should we give bread to your army? The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 8 7 gwp6 figs-explicit 0 I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 8 8 bi3x figs-synecdoche 0 He went up from there Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 8 ak91 figs-ellipsis 0 spoke to the people there in the same way You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 8 9 y4qf figs-euphemism 0 When I come again in peace This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 8 9 nth4 figs-synecdoche 0 I will pull down this tower Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 10 p2iw figs-euphemism 0 had fallen This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 11 t81p figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon went up Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 11 y551 figs-synecdoche 0 He defeated Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 11 jbu9 translate-names 0 Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 12 dmu9 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG 8 12 if5y 0 panic extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
JDG 8 13 w2l7 translate-names 0 the pass of Heres This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 14 a6z2 figs-explicit 0 questioned him It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 8 15 bnf8 figs-rquestion 0 Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 16 ct8g figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon took … he punished Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 16 vr3e 0 thorns and briers These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
JDG 8 17 dbh6 figs-synecdoche 0 he pulled Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 19 jb1y figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 20 xg9f translate-names 0 Jether This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 21 p21p figs-idiom 0 For as the man is, so is his strength This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 22 n3hy figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of Midian Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 22 zz2f figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 24 e5zj 0 plunder things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
JDG 8 24 c2b3 writing-background 0 The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 8 25 ark2 0 cloak clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
JDG 8 26 z8qb translate-numbers 0 1,700 shekels of gold “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JDG 8 26 z7ld figs-activepassive 0 that was worn by the kings of Midian If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 8 27 tyw2 figs-metaphor 0 all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 27 j6ye figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 8 27 bbx3 figs-metaphor 0 It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 27 i29y figs-metonymy 0 for those in his house Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 28 wui8 figs-activepassive 0 So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 8 28 u2ar figs-idiom 0 they did not raise their heads up again This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 28 un4l figs-metonymy 0 So the land had peace Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 32 i3jl figs-idiom 0 a good old age This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 32 w8yg figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 8 32 aen4 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 8 32 pc1f 0 the clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 8 33 be44 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JDG 8 33 l1r2 figs-metaphor 0 turned again The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 33 gh13 figs-metaphor 0 prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 34 k1h5 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of all their enemies Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 35 svf8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jerub Baal Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 intro zl19 0 # Judges 9 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jotham’s curse<br><br>Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Tree metaphor<br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JDG 9 2 gfl5 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 9 2 e38y figs-metonymy 0 I am your bone and your flesh Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 3 ie29 0 His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
JDG 9 4 yf44 figs-metonymy 0 the house Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 4 yf3w translate-bmoney 0 seventy pieces of silver This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JDG 9 5 ilv2 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 6 up6d translate-names 0 Beth Millo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 7 d3ws figs-parables 0 General Information: Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
JDG 9 7 ksz5 figs-activepassive 0 When Jotham was told about this If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 8 p19p figs-parables 0 The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 8 x1ky translate-symaction 0 to anoint a king over them Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
JDG 9 9 a9cy figs-metaphor 0 sway over To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 11 jkz5 figs-abstractnouns 0 my sweetness and my good fruit The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 12 m2h3 figs-parables 0 The trees said to the vine In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 13 i2y3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 14 mp3a 0 thornbush Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
JDG 9 15 g1p2 figs-parables 0 The thornbush said to the trees In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 15 zea8 translate-symaction 0 to anoint me as king over you To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 9 15 cm8a figs-abstractnouns 0 find safety The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 15 hvs5 0 fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
JDG 9 15 xn44 figs-123person 0 then let fire come out of the thornbush The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 9 16 ayq2 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG 9 17 fpm7 0 to think that my father fought for you … out of the hand of Midian Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
JDG 9 17 kqc3 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of Midian Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 18 cr5w figs-idiom 0 you have risen up against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 18 i5zw figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 18 ym97 translate-numbers 0 one stone “1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 18 c154 0 his female servant Here “his” refers to Gideon.
JDG 9 19 cwl5 figs-hypo 0 If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JDG 9 19 re1x 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 19 r5ce figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 20 rv9v figs-hypo 0 But if not Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JDG 9 20 g8i6 figs-metaphor 0 let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 20 ibq3 figs-metaphor 0 Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 20 iey1 0 Beth Millo This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
JDG 9 21 pan4 translate-names 0 Beer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 23 bv9r 0 God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
JDG 9 24 xf1e figs-activepassive 0 God did this so the violence done … helped him murder his brothers The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 25 b7tx 0 positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
JDG 9 25 pd3x figs-activepassive 0 This was reported to Abimelech If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 26 mv9b figs-abstractnouns 0 had confidence in him The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 27 i6sf 0 They went out into the field Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
JDG 9 27 r8w9 figs-explicit 0 they trampled on them They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 9 28 w9hj figs-rquestion 0 Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 28 dfp7 figs-parallelism 0 Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 28 a6ws figs-rquestion 0 Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 28 rq5n 0 Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
JDG 9 28 ju72 figs-rquestion 0 Why should we serve Abimelech? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 30 u13b figs-metaphor 0 his anger was kindled Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 30 lx8u figs-metonymy 0 the city Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 31 u898 0 in order to deceive Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
JDG 9 31 gvg1 figs-metaphor 0 they are stirring up the city against you This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 32 yn4z 0 General Information: Zebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
JDG 9 32 j18v 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG 9 36 gz9v 0 You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
JDG 9 37 kmf8 translate-numbers 0 one unit “1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 38 qap7 figs-rquestion 0 Where are your proud words now, you Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 38 fub2 figs-rquestion 0 you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 9 38 qdj1 figs-rquestion 0 Are these not the men you despised? Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 40 p7lv figs-idiom 0 Many fell with deadly wounds This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 42 em2h figs-activepassive 0 this was reported to Abimelech If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 43 l12e figs-synecdoche 0 he attacked Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 9 45 e7uy figs-synecdoche 0 Abimelech fought … He tore down Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 9 45 ch7p figs-metonymy 0 against the city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 45 t928 figs-explicit 0 spread salt over it “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 9 46 kw6q translate-names 0 El-Berith The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 47 hnv1 figs-activepassive 0 Abimelech was told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 53 z9j6 0 upper millstone Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
JDG 9 54 vm49 0 armor-bearer This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
JDG 9 54 is1h 0 pierced him through This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
JDG 9 57 fx65 figs-idiom 0 made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 57 hua1 figs-idiom 0 on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 10 intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
JDG 10 2 unp5 figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 10 3 f3wi figs-activepassive 0 He was followed by Jair the Gileadite If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 10 4 vb1y translate-names 0 Havvoth Jair This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 4 h644 0 to this day This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
JDG 10 5 t8ka figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 10 6 lj2d figs-metaphor 0 added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 6 ki1z figs-metaphor 0 in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 6 p7j4 0 Ashtoreths This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
JDG 10 6 r515 figs-parallelism 0 They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 10 6 p6q5 figs-metaphor 0 They abandoned Yahweh No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 7 zf61 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 7 f4v2 figs-metaphor 0 he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 7 aj5n figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 8 psa9 figs-doublet 0 crushed and oppressed These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 10 9 wq6g figs-metonymy 0 Judah … Benjamin “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 9 nt9c figs-metonymy 0 house of Ephraim The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 9 gl3b figs-metonymy 0 so that Israel was greatly distressed “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 10 lda9 0 the people of Israel called out to Yahweh This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
JDG 10 10 b8t5 figs-metaphor 0 because we abandoned our God The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 10 t38a figs-123person 0 abandoned our God The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 10 12 lf73 figs-rquestion 0 and also from the Sidonians? God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 10 12 e4ml figs-metonymy 0 from their power Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 13 p759 figs-metaphor 0 you abandoned me again The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 13 zdy2 figs-idiom 0 I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 10 16 i2l8 figs-explicit 0 foreign gods among them You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 10 16 m6hd figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jephthah the leader<br>Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
JDG 11 1 yk6s translate-names 0 Gileadite This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 4 s6ku figs-idiom 0 made war against Israel The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 7 f7vj figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 8 ph3x figs-explicit 0 That is why we are turning to you now The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 11 hf4c figs-doublet 0 leader and commander These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 11 11 v6uq figs-idiom 0 When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 12 ybt9 0 What is this conflict between us “Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
JDG 11 12 su7k figs-synecdoche 0 Why have you come with force to take our land The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 15 i4ns figs-explicit 0 he said Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 16 e7sj figs-idiom 0 they came up from Egypt Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 17 je4p 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 17 tn6f figs-synecdoche 0 When Israel sent messengers The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 17 v8aa figs-idiom 0 would not listen This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 17 q2mz figs-explicit 0 They also sent messengers to the king of Moab The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 17 x2ue figs-explicit 0 but he refused The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 19 msq6 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 19 ur8x figs-synecdoche 0 Israel sent messengers to Sihon The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 20 ew16 figs-explicit 0 But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 20 d9ga figs-synecdoche 0 there he fought The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 21 sf5x 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 21 fsk6 0 Sihon See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
JDG 11 21 vp7w figs-metonymy 0 gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 23 ru3n figs-rquestion 0 should you now take possession of their land? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 24 nr59 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 24 bcm5 figs-idiom 0 take over This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 25 wln3 figs-rquestion 0 Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 25 giw3 figs-rquestion 0 Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 25 k8y5 figs-rquestion 0 Did he ever wage war against them? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 26 pty2 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 26 t5g4 translate-numbers 0 three hundred years “300 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 11 26 h61t figs-rquestion 0 why then did you not take them back during that time? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 27 aei3 figs-synecdoche 0 I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 27 n4fk figs-idiom 0 done you wrong … doing me wrong This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 29 p2lw figs-idiom 0 the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 29 dq1c figs-explicit 0 he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 31 kh4e figs-idiom 0 I will offer it up This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 32 wr1n figs-synecdoche 0 So Jephthah passed through … Yahweh gave him victory Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 33 rt2j figs-synecdoche 0 He attacked Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 34 ng9v translate-unknown 0 tambourines musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JDG 11 35 md3n translate-symaction 0 he tore his clothes This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 11 35 puu2 figs-parallelism 0 You have crushed me with sorrow … you have become one who causes me pain Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 11 35 qi6c figs-metaphor 0 You have crushed me with sorrow Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 11 35 dvs5 figs-metaphor 0 you have become one who causes me pain Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 11 35 gvy5 figs-idiom 0 I cannot turn back on my promise This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 36 e6gu figs-explicit 0 has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 37 hj6q figs-activepassive 0 Let this promise be kept for me This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 11 39 n4my figs-euphemism 0 had never known a man This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 12 intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Shibboleth<br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
JDG 12 1 mp3k figs-abstractnouns 0 A call went out to the men of Ephraim If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 12 1 lt7l figs-idiom 0 We will burn your house down over you This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 12 2 fsb1 figs-you 0 When I called you, you Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG 12 2 nxf4 figs-synecdoche 0 did not rescue me Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 s3v2 figs-you 0 you did not rescue me The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 zev7 figs-idiom 0 I put my life in my own hand This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 u5y7 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh gave me victory Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 12 3 uje8 figs-you 0 Why have you come to fight against me The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 nt4r figs-explicit 0 passed through against the people of Ammon This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 12 4 by47 figs-synecdoche 0 he fought against Ephraim The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 4 y6zx figs-explicit 0 You Gileadites are fugitives You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 12 4 h3vl 0 in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh “in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
JDG 12 6 cee8 translate-transliterate 0 Shibboleth … Sibboleth These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
JDG 12 6 c2bb figs-activepassive 0 Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 7 v8rv figs-activepassive 0 Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 9 d515 figs-idiom 0 He gave away thirty daughters in marriage Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 12 9 r2m9 figs-idiom 0 he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 12 10 jbg6 figs-activepassive 0 was buried at Bethlehem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 12 dzh4 figs-activepassive 0 was buried in Aijalon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 14 n7k2 figs-metonymy 0 They rode on seventy donkeys These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 12 15 wqm2 translate-names 0 Pirathonite … Pirathon Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Warning not to cut his hair<br><br>The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
JDG 13 1 acr5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 1 g29r figs-metonymy 0 he gave them into the hand of the Philistines Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 2 y3dj translate-names 0 Zorah This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 2 l3wl 0 Danites people from the tribe of Dan
JDG 13 2 v9vw translate-names 0 Manoah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 3 a36u figs-idiom 0 give birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 13 4 nfl8 figs-metaphor 0 anything unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 5 wb3h figs-metonymy 0 No razor will be used upon his head Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 13 5 vq8h figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite to God This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 5 zui7 figs-metonymy 0 from the womb Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 5 am6s figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the Philistines Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 6 djg9 figs-explicit 0 A man of God This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 6 w3z3 figs-simile 0 his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 13 7 p1sr figs-idiom 0 give birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 13 7 s1qy figs-metaphor 0 any food that the law declares to be unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 7 pd9a figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite to God This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 7 xct1 figs-merism 0 from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 13 8 nb4i 0 Manoah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG 13 9 m96n figs-explicit 0 came to the woman You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 10 snn4 figs-explicit 0 The man This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 14 u67r figs-metonymy 0 anything that comes from the vines Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 14 f8vu figs-metaphor 0 unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 15 aw65 figs-explicit 0 prepare a young goat for you You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 18 dsd7 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you ask my name? The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 13 18 rr96 figs-explicit 0 It is wonderful It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 19 lw91 figs-explicit 0 with the grain offering This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 19 d2km 0 on the rock “on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
JDG 13 19 pqv4 0 He did something Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
JDG 13 20 s8h8 0 the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
JDG 13 20 g2fz translate-symaction 0 lay facedown on the ground “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 13 21 yi5q 0 that he was the angel of Yahweh The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
JDG 13 22 f9uz figs-explicit 0 We are sure to die, because we have seen God It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 23 u22x figs-parallelism 0 He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 13 24 lz2q figs-idiom 0 gave birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 13 25 hmc1 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 25 wnc2 translate-names 0 Mahaneh Dan … Eshtaol Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 14 intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br>It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 1 bwa3 translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 14 1 u7xb figs-euphemism 0 one of the daughters of the Philistines The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 14 2 b9h1 figs-idiom 0 Now get her for me to be my wife This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 3 lcb9 figs-rquestion 0 Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 3 x278 figs-euphemism 0 the daughters of your relatives The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 14 3 wj22 figs-rquestion 0 Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. You can make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 3 srv6 figs-idiom 0 Get her for me This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 3 r62c figs-explicit 0 she pleases me This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 4 ubq9 0 this matter This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
JDG 14 4 k7hy 0 for he desired to create a conflict The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
JDG 14 5 d4lt translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 14 5 ty9r figs-idiom 0 And, look, there one of the young lions came up Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 5 szi7 0 was roaring at him “threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
JDG 14 6 m9m5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 6 t92d figs-litotes 0 had nothing in his hand Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 14 7 s2mj figs-explicit 0 she pleased Samson This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 8 d5v9 figs-idiom 0 he turned aside This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 8 um8z figs-idiom 0 And, look, there was a swarm of bees Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 10 cm3z figs-idiom 0 Samson’s father went down to where the woman was The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 10 ugh2 figs-explicit 0 the custom of the young men It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 11 ff89 translate-numbers 0 thirty of their friends “30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 14 12 a8er figs-idiom 0 can find it out This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 12 fk4t translate-numbers 0 thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes “30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 14 13 yu1y figs-you 0 But if you cannot tell me Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG 14 14 z49r 0 General Information: Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
JDG 14 14 j8sv 0 Out of the eater was something to eat Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
JDG 14 14 hsz9 0 out of the strong was something sweet Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
JDG 14 14 ck4e figs-nominaladj 0 the strong This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JDG 14 14 mf31 figs-metaphor 0 could not find the answer Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 14 15 wrs2 translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day “day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 14 15 t8sh figs-idiom 0 will burn up The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 15 si25 figs-rquestion 0 Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 15 sg4i figs-explicit 0 to make us poor They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 16 hr3k figs-parallelism 0 All you do is hate me! You do not love me Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 14 16 j4gp 0 Look here This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JDG 14 16 zq8z figs-rquestion 0 if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
JDG 14 17 rfq6 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 17 xid1 figs-idiom 0 she pressured him very much Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 18 ui6t figs-explicit 0 the men of the city This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 18 mq6y translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 18 vi1z figs-rquestion 0 What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 18 scv6 figs-metaphor 0 If you had not plowed with my heifer Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 14 19 m2gz figs-idiom 0 came on Samson with power The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 19 ht3c translate-numbers 0 killed thirty of their men “killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 14 19 axx7 figs-explicit 0 their clothes These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 19 d5ji 0 went up to his father’s house The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
JDG 14 20 hb14 figs-activepassive 0 Samson’s wife was given to his best friend If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 15 intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s strength<br><br>The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
JDG 15 1 gn7w figs-idiom 0 He said to himself This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 1 n6ml figs-explicit 0 I will go to my wife’s room Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 1 hmg4 figs-ellipsis 0 would not allow him to go in The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 15 2 f2qk figs-explicit 0 so I gave her to your friend This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 2 pn1a figs-rquestion 0 is she not? He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 15 2 ruf2 figs-explicit 0 Take her instead He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 3 b19a figs-explicit 0 I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 4 b6p3 0 torches A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
JDG 15 5 p7mc 0 standing grain grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
JDG 15 5 i6qn 0 stacked grain the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
JDG 15 5 a7kw 0 orchards An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
JDG 15 6 uk9a figs-explicit 0 took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 6 hz8u figs-idiom 0 burned up The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 8 x42b figs-synecdoche 0 he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 15 8 m2qa figs-idiom 0 he went down Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 9 g7cb 0 the Philistines came up … in Judah The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
JDG 15 10 ut2q figs-explicit 0 do to him as he has done to us The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 15 11 y64p translate-numbers 0 three thousand men of Judah “3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 15 11 k7fw figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 15 11 td2d figs-explicit 0 They did to me, and so I have done to them Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 12 a6ty figs-metonymy 0 the hands of the Philistines Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 15 13 nz1k figs-idiom 0 hand you over to them This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 13 m8g6 figs-explicit 0 up from the rock This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 14 dr4z figs-explicit 0 When he came Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 14 w48h figs-idiom 0 came on him with power The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 14 nue5 figs-simile 0 The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 15 14 d1fe 0 flax fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
JDG 15 15 w6nt 0 a fresh jawbone This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
JDG 15 16 dm4v figs-explicit 0 heaps upon heaps This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 17 ra2d translate-names 0 Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into … uncircumcised? This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 15 18 h9yr figs-idiom 0 die of thirst This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 18 u4x9 figs-idiom 0 fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 19 c7pf 0 split open the hollow place “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
JDG 15 19 rty1 figs-parallelism 0 his strength returned and he revived These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 15 19 r7ji translate-names 0 En Hakkore This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 19 k47v figs-idiom 0 it is at Lehi to this day This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 20 ru29 figs-explicit 0 in the days of the Philistines This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 20 l52v translate-numbers 0 for twenty years “for 20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s mistake<br><br>Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place … they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
JDG 16 3 fv5x 0 its two posts These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
JDG 16 3 c2m4 0 bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
JDG 16 3 m4dx 0 shoulders the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
JDG 16 3 yq6t translate-names 0 Hebron This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 5 x4w2 figs-idiom 0 to see This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 5 vq28 figs-idiom 0 where his great strength lies This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 6 r4hy figs-activepassive 0 bind you, so you might be controlled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 7 ae1p 0 fresh bowstrings Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
JDG 16 7 z8ml figs-activepassive 0 that have not been dried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 8 xv64 figs-activepassive 0 that had not been dried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 9 n6px writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 16 9 by3q figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 9 sy3a figs-simile 0 he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 16 10 x2km figs-parallelism 0 This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 16 10 e5iw 0 you can be overpowered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
JDG 16 12 vpr3 figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 12 rnx9 figs-idiom 0 lying in wait This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 12 j7zp figs-simile 0 like they were a piece of thread The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 16 13 hg41 figs-parallelism 0 you have deceived me and told me lies Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 16 13 t97z figs-activepassive 0 you may be overpowered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 13 s6f3 0 weave crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
JDG 16 13 h8x3 0 locks of my hair small bunches of hair
JDG 16 13 c2e8 0 fabric cloth made from weaving material together
JDG 16 13 wv5v translate-unknown 0 loom a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JDG 16 13 w58a figs-explicit 0 I will be like any other man The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 14 h61l figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 14 k9fi figs-explicit 0 he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 15 zzt1 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 16 16 s5ui figs-idiom 0 pressed him hard … pressured him Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 16 iqa6 figs-hyperbole 0 that he wished he would die The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 16 17 c8q9 figs-explicit 0 told her everything everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 17 y8xz 0 razor a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
JDG 16 17 z2nf figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite for God This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 17 fhm4 figs-metonymy 0 from my mother’s womb Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 16 17 t2us figs-activepassive 0 If my head is shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 17 iq1l figs-personification 0 my strength will leave me Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 16 18 m9zg figs-idiom 0 Delilah saw Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 18 z2eu figs-explicit 0 the truth about everything Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 18 x4mm 0 Come up again Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
JDG 16 18 ipi8 figs-explicit 0 bringing the silver in their hands This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 19 x4y8 figs-explicit 0 in her lap This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 19 vai4 figs-possession 0 the seven locks of his head Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
JDG 16 19 qt31 figs-personification 0 his strength had left him Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 16 20 e9dj figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 20 n47x figs-explicit 0 But he did not know that Yahweh had left him It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 21 ve9n figs-idiom 0 put out his eyes This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 21 z2vv 0 down to Gaza The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
JDG 16 21 ujq1 0 millstone This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
JDG 16 22 ru6p figs-activepassive 0 after it had been shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 23 ekg1 figs-metaphor 0 put him in our grasp Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 16 24 ums1 0 the destroyer of our country This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
JDG 16 24 y4qk figs-synecdoche 0 who killed many of us Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 16 25 hiy5 figs-explicit 0 Call for Samson … They called for Samson Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 26 d2gs 0 Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
JDG 16 27 fx8p writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 16 27 ulj6 0 while Samson was entertaining them It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
JDG 16 28 ypq4 figs-idiom 0 call me to mind This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 28 f2en figs-idiom 0 in one blow on the Philistines This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 30 mt5g figs-explicit 0 He stretched out with his strength When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 30 i5lw figs-nominaladj 0 the dead This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JDG 16 31 rl5r figs-metonymy 0 all the house of his father Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 16 31 jg6m 0 came down The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
JDG 16 31 i2d4 translate-names 0 Manoah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 31 wv8z figs-explicit 0 Samson had judged Israel for twenty years This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idols and figures<br><br>According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
JDG 17 1 rrp1 writing-participants 0 There was a man This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JDG 17 1 ke46 translate-names 0 Micah This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 17 2 k7it figs-activepassive 0 that were taken from you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 17 3 p6yd figs-idiom 0 set apart This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 17 4 xsr8 translate-numbers 0 two hundred pieces of silver “200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 17 4 r9hl figs-activepassive 0 they were placed in the house of Micah The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 17 5 f5zy figs-explicit 0 a house of idols This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 6 mxx3 figs-metaphor 0 everyone did what was right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 17 7 u5wv figs-explicit 0 of the clan of Judah This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 9 u9x8 figs-explicit 0 where I might live It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 10 s5tz figs-metonymy 0 a father and a priest The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 17 10 tm7m figs-explicit 0 So the Levite went into his house It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 11 mvs9 figs-simile 0 the young man became to Micah like one of his sons The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 17 12 t9an figs-idiom 0 Micah set apart the Levite Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 17 12 s6d6 figs-metonymy 0 was in Micah’s house Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribe of Dan<br><br>The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
JDG 18 1 d1r4 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG 18 1 w9qn writing-background 0 In those days … from among the tribes of Israel This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 18 1 g4f2 figs-explicit 0 not received any inheritance from This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 2 f83t figs-metonymy 0 from the whole number of their tribe The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 2 wg6e figs-idiom 0 to scout the land on foot The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 2 bt98 0 Micah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
JDG 18 3 c2tl figs-metonymy 0 they recognized the speech of the young Levite They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 7 ch81 0 had no dealings with anyone “had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
JDG 18 9 zpe9 figs-rquestion 0 Are you doing nothing? This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG 18 9 n8um figs-doublenegatives 0 Do not be slow to attack These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG 18 10 r61z 0 the land is wide “the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
JDG 18 10 ab9j figs-hyperbole 0 that does not lack anything in the land The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 18 10 aj2l figs-doublenegatives 0 that does not lack anything The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG 18 11 b97l translate-numbers 0 Six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 18 12 f453 figs-idiom 0 to this day This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 14 g3gr figs-rquestion 0 in these houses there are an ephod,…metal figure? Decide … will do The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod,…metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 19 fje7 figs-rquestion 0 Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man … a clan in Israel? They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 20 z2bp figs-synecdoche 0 The priest’s heart was glad Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 18 21 v31e figs-explicit 0 They put the small children in front of themselves They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 22 p9e2 figs-idiom 0 a good distance “some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 22 l34e figs-activepassive 0 the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 22 vkf1 0 they caught up with the Danites This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
JDG 18 23 c2k3 figs-rquestion 0 Why have you been called together? This question is a rebuke. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 23 sbb8 figs-activepassive 0 been called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 24 dy7i figs-metonymy 0 the gods that I made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 24 edz2 figs-rquestion 0 What else do I have left? Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 24 i1v2 figs-rquestion 0 How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’ Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 25 yzy3 figs-metonymy 0 let us hear you say anything The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 25 pgt9 figs-explicit 0 hear you say anything The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 25 fqe4 figs-activepassive 0 you and your family will be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 26 g59x figs-idiom 0 went their way This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 26 v6df figs-explicit 0 they were too strong for him This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 27 k9py figs-metonymy 0 what Micah had made Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 27 r1pv figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 18 28 p5rb 0 they had no dealings with anyone this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG 18 28 vw28 translate-names 0 Beth Rehob This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 30 z23n figs-explicit 0 Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 30 myi7 figs-metaphor 0 until the day of the land’s captivity This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 18 31 m78z figs-metonymy 0 that he made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 19 intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sin of Benjamin<br>People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JDG 19 1 akh7 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG 19 1 u1qs 0 remote far from where most people live
JDG 19 2 p37k figs-explicit 0 was unfaithful to him This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 19 3 e9q8 0 His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
JDG 19 4 bhr2 0 His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
JDG 19 4 v2kw 0 persuaded him to stay Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
JDG 19 5 kp5g figs-synecdoche 0 Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 19 8 a9ur figs-metonymy 0 Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 19 11 l8er figs-idiom 0 Come, let us This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 11 k4l3 figs-idiom 0 turn aside to This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 12 yc4v figs-idiom 0 turn aside into This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 13 mke2 figs-idiom 0 Come, let us This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 15 fgr6 figs-idiom 0 turned aside This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 15 w9ny figs-idiom 0 took them into his house This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 16 z1l2 0 Benjamites A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 19 17 lsd3 figs-metaphor 0 He raised his eyes Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 19 18 jzg4 figs-idiom 0 who will take me into his house This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 18 c5ti figs-synecdoche 0 will take me Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 19 19 he3w figs-activepassive 0 there is bread and wine Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 19 19 gw93 figs-123person 0 me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 19 19 w8hb figs-litotes 0 We lack nothing This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 19 20 ep3p 0 Only do not “Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
JDG 19 21 z5ah figs-idiom 0 brought the Levite into his house This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 19 22 dx6j figs-idiom 0 they were making their hearts glad The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 24 k4nm 0 See This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JDG 19 25 lk3t figs-metaphor 0 the men would not listen to him Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 19 25 ty8i 0 the man seized his concubine there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
JDG 19 25 d28f 0 at dawn “when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
JDG 19 26 irp4 figs-idiom 0 it was light This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 28 gk5s figs-explicit 0 But there was no answer The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 19 29 r79a figs-idiom 0 limb by limb “section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 29 xd3i figs-explicit 0 sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Benjamin destroyed<br><br>The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
JDG 20 1 wg4p figs-simile 0 as one man This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 20 1 jp6a figs-merism 0 from Dan to Beersheba This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 20 3 sl7g 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
JDG 20 3 x8r4 0 had gone up to Mizpah Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
JDG 20 7 wp5t figs-doublet 0 give your advice and counsel here The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 20 8 s9g2 figs-simile 0 as one This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 20 8 s835 figs-parallelism 0 None of us will go to his tent … none of us will return to his house These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 20 10 wsa9 translate-numbers 0 ten men of a hundred … one hundred of a thousand … one thousand of ten thousand “10 men out of 100…100 out of 1,000…1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 13 m9f5 figs-idiom 0 put them to death This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 13 n1zx figs-metonymy 0 the voice of their brothers Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 16 u1tj 0 could sling a stone at a hair and not miss This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
JDG 20 19 k8jq 0 moved their camp near Gibeah There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
JDG 20 22 cr9j figs-idiom 0 strengthened themselves Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 22 wb6t 0 they formed the battle line This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
JDG 20 23 cpc2 0 they sought direction from Yahweh The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
JDG 20 27 usm6 writing-background 0 for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 28 ly8e writing-background 0 and Phinehas … was serving before the ark in those days This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 28 d9ma figs-explicit 0 was serving before the ark The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 28 w427 figs-explicit 0 Attack The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 29 f7uq figs-metonymy 0 Israel set men Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 31 t9eh figs-explicit 0 fought against the people The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 31 d8me figs-activepassive 0 they were drawn away from the city If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 20 31 z77c figs-explicit 0 They began to kill some of the people The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 33 swx2 translate-names 0 Maareh Gibeah This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 20 34 wk8a figs-idiom 0 chosen men This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 34 p4k5 figs-metaphor 0 disaster was close to them Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 20 35 bt91 translate-numbers 0 25,100 men “twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 36 mrd4 writing-background 0 The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 36 i3ru figs-idiom 0 had given ground to Benjamin This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 36 sq9e figs-idiom 0 they were counting on the men This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 39 vbr9 figs-activepassive 0 they are defeated before us If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 20 41 jg8p figs-idiom 0 come on them This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 42 pdp2 figs-personification 0 But the fighting overtook them This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 20 43 cis4 figs-metaphor 0 trampled them down The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 20 48 h7m3 0 turned back against the people of Benjamin These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
JDG 20 48 l4rw figs-metonymy 0 the city Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 48 ue39 figs-idiom 0 in their path This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 21 intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin and immorality<br><br>At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
JDG 21 1 w65e writing-background 0 Now the men of Israel had made a promise … marry a Benjamite.” This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 3 q8cb figs-rquestion 0 Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 21 5 xs35 0 The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
JDG 21 5 p72f writing-background 0 For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.” This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 5 flc8 figs-activepassive 0 He would certainly be put to death Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 21 6 yb7g figs-metaphor 0 their brother Benjamin This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 21 6 j93p figs-metaphor 0 one tribe has been cut off from Israel The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 21 7 dms9 0 Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
JDG 21 8 vtf2 translate-names 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 21 9 qs2v figs-explicit 0 none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 10 qw5x 0 strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
JDG 21 12 ani7 translate-numbers 0 four hundred young women “400 young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 21 12 w47b figs-euphemism 0 who had not known a man by lying with him This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 21 13 c39b figs-abstractnouns 0 they were offering them peace If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 21 16 rgy2 figs-activepassive 0 the women of Benjamin have been killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 21 17 mk7l figs-hyperbole 0 There must be an inheritance … is not destroyed from Israel The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 21 18 qnk3 figs-synecdoche 0 a wife to Benjamin Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 21 19 u453 writing-background 0 which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 19 m2hz translate-names 0 Lebonah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 21 21 am3f figs-explicit 0 each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 22 z5gg figs-abstractnouns 0 Show us favor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 21 22 zsi5 figs-explicit 0 because we did not get wives for each man during the war The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 22 pcc6 0 You are innocent … not give your daughters to them This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
JDG 21 23 ng9r 0 the number of wives that they needed This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
JDG 21 25 d46g figs-metaphor 0 what was right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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