Update wording of OT abstract nouns notes (#2437)

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2437
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Larry Sallee 2022-04-19 14:04:42 +00:00
parent 54075aed14
commit 51fe30f2ed
24 changed files with 210 additions and 210 deletions

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@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ JDG 21 18 qnk3 figs-synecdoche 0 a wife to Benjamin Here Benjamin refers to the
JDG 21 19 u453 writing-background 0 which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 19 m2hz translate-names 0 Lebonah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 21 21 am3f figs-explicit 0 each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 22 z5gg figs-abstractnouns 0 Show us favor The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 21 22 z5gg figs-abstractnouns 0 Show us favor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 21 22 zsi5 figs-explicit 0 because we did not get wives for each man during the war The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 22 pcc6 0 You are innocent … not give your daughters to them This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
JDG 21 23 ng9r 0 the number of wives that they needed This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
1385 JDG 21 19 u453 writing-background 0 which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1386 JDG 21 19 m2hz translate-names 0 Lebonah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1387 JDG 21 21 am3f figs-explicit 0 each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1388 JDG 21 22 z5gg figs-abstractnouns 0 Show us favor The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1389 JDG 21 22 zsi5 figs-explicit 0 because we did not get wives for each man during the war The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1390 JDG 21 22 pcc6 0 You are innocent … not give your daughters to them This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
1391 JDG 21 23 ng9r 0 the number of wives that they needed This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).

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@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 8 9 dmf6 0 Now listen to them Alternate translation: “Now do what they are asking you to do”
1SA 8 9 c3yq 0 warn them solemnly Alternate translation: “be very serious as you warn them”
1SA 8 11 lsu4 0 This will be the practice … He will take The practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take.
1SA 8 11 ah6l figs-abstractnouns 0 This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you The abstract noun “practice” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 8 11 ah6l figs-abstractnouns 0 This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **practice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 8 11 s2yh 0 appoint them to his chariots Alternate translation: “have them drive chariots in battle”
1SA 8 11 w2k2 0 be his horsemen They will ride horses into battle.
1SA 8 13 d6m4 0 Connecting Statement: Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 23 19 n8vj translate-names 0 Jeshimon This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 23 20 tx3q figs-pronouns 0 surrender him into the kings hand The word “hand” is a metonym for power. The Ziphites speak to Saul as if he were another man to show him that they respect him. Alternate translation: “give David to you so you can do whatever you desire with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 23 21 udu8 figs-activepassive 0 May you be blessed by Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh blesses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 23 21 yr45 figs-abstractnouns 0 you have had compassion on me The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with the adjective “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 23 21 yr45 figs-abstractnouns 0 you have had compassion on me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 23 22 vg7r figs-doublet 0 Learn and find out These two words mean almost the same thing and can be translated as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Know for sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1SA 23 22 ln65 0 who has seen him Alternate translation: “who saw him”
1SA 23 22 i9bi figs-activepassive 0 It is told to me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People tell me” or “I have heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 25 3 r2tp figs-metonymy 0 He was a descendant of the house of Caleb Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “He was a descendant of the family of Caleb” or “He was a descendant of Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 25 4 j27u 0 shearing his sheep Alternate translation: “shaving the wool off his sheep”
1SA 25 5 lq45 0 greet him in my name Alternate translation: “greet him as I would greet him if I were there”
1SA 25 6 n38g figs-abstractnouns 0 Live in prosperity “I desire that you may live in prosperity.” The abstract noun “prosperity” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 25 6 n38g figs-abstractnouns 0 Live in prosperity “I desire that you may live in prosperity.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **prosperity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 25 6 x8p8 0 Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have Alternate translation: “I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions”
1SA 25 7 u29d 0 you have shearers “your shearers are working” or “your shearers have sheep to shear.” David wants his men to speak so that Nabal understands that his sheep were well because Davids men helped guard them.
1SA 25 7 d9si figs-litotes 0 we did them no harm, and they missed nothing David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabals servants and flocks. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we kept them and all their property from harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 25 39 j9hl figs-idiom 0 has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 25 39 w9kj figs-pronouns 0 has kept back his servant from evil David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 25 39 cq6p figs-abstractnouns 0 has turned Nabals evil action back on his own head The abstract noun “action” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 25 39 cq6p figs-abstractnouns 0 has turned Nabals evil action back on his own head If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **action**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 25 39 lb46 figs-synecdoche 0 on his own head The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 25 39 ci9p figs-ellipsis 0 sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to himself as wife You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “sent men to speak to Abigail and tell her that David wanted to take her to be his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1SA 25 41 nmv3 figs-metonymy 0 She arose, bowed herself Abigail responded by bowing. The reader should understand that she was probably already standing when the men were talking to her in [1 Samuel 25:40](../25/40.md), and so the word “arose” is a metonym for deciding to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 30 22 jt6r 0 the booty the goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
1SA 30 22 n8ra 0 we have recovered Alternate translation: “we have regained” or “we have gotten back”
1SA 30 24 n8h7 figs-rquestion 0 Who will listen to you in this matter? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement: Alternate translation: “No one will listen to you in this matter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 30 24 sv97 figs-abstractnouns 0 as the share is for anyone who goes The abstract noun “share” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 30 24 sv97 figs-abstractnouns 0 as the share is for anyone who goes If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **share**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 30 24 xyy4 0 anyone who goes into battle the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war
1SA 30 24 ff29 0 will share and share alike Alternate translation: “will make sure that all receive the same amount”
1SA 30 24 jdd3 0 anyone who waits by the baggage the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
327 1SA 8 9 dmf6 0 Now listen to them Alternate translation: “Now do what they are asking you to do”
328 1SA 8 9 c3yq 0 warn them solemnly Alternate translation: “be very serious as you warn them”
329 1SA 8 11 lsu4 0 This will be the practice … He will take The practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take.
330 1SA 8 11 ah6l figs-abstractnouns 0 This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you The abstract noun “practice” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **practice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
331 1SA 8 11 s2yh 0 appoint them to his chariots Alternate translation: “have them drive chariots in battle”
332 1SA 8 11 w2k2 0 be his horsemen They will ride horses into battle.
333 1SA 8 13 d6m4 0 Connecting Statement: Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
1081 1SA 23 19 n8vj translate-names 0 Jeshimon This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1082 1SA 23 20 tx3q figs-pronouns 0 surrender him into the king’s hand The word “hand” is a metonym for power. The Ziphites speak to Saul as if he were another man to show him that they respect him. Alternate translation: “give David to you so you can do whatever you desire with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1083 1SA 23 21 udu8 figs-activepassive 0 May you be blessed by Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh blesses you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1084 1SA 23 21 yr45 figs-abstractnouns 0 you have had compassion on me The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with the adjective “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1085 1SA 23 22 vg7r figs-doublet 0 Learn and find out These two words mean almost the same thing and can be translated as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Know for sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1086 1SA 23 22 ln65 0 who has seen him Alternate translation: “who saw him”
1087 1SA 23 22 i9bi figs-activepassive 0 It is told to me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People tell me” or “I have heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1149 1SA 25 3 r2tp figs-metonymy 0 He was a descendant of the house of Caleb Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “He was a descendant of the family of Caleb” or “He was a descendant of Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1150 1SA 25 4 j27u 0 shearing his sheep Alternate translation: “shaving the wool off his sheep”
1151 1SA 25 5 lq45 0 greet him in my name Alternate translation: “greet him as I would greet him if I were there”
1152 1SA 25 6 n38g figs-abstractnouns 0 Live in prosperity “I desire that you may live in prosperity.” The abstract noun “prosperity” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) “I desire that you may live in prosperity.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **prosperity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1153 1SA 25 6 x8p8 0 Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have Alternate translation: “I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions”
1154 1SA 25 7 u29d 0 you have shearers “your shearers are working” or “your shearers have sheep to shear.” David wants his men to speak so that Nabal understands that his sheep were well because David’s men helped guard them.
1155 1SA 25 7 d9si figs-litotes 0 we did them no harm, and they missed nothing David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal’s servants and flocks. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we kept them and all their property from harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1241 1SA 25 39 j9hl figs-idiom 0 has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1242 1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1243 1SA 25 39 w9kj figs-pronouns 0 has kept back his servant from evil David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1244 1SA 25 39 cq6p figs-abstractnouns 0 has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head The abstract noun “action” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **action**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1245 1SA 25 39 lb46 figs-synecdoche 0 on his own head The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1246 1SA 25 39 ci9p figs-ellipsis 0 sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to himself as wife You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “sent men to speak to Abigail and tell her that David wanted to take her to be his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1247 1SA 25 41 nmv3 figs-metonymy 0 She arose, bowed herself Abigail responded by bowing. The reader should understand that she was probably already standing when the men were talking to her in [1 Samuel 25:40](../25/40.md), and so the word “arose” is a metonym for deciding to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1434 1SA 30 22 jt6r 0 the booty the goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
1435 1SA 30 22 n8ra 0 we have recovered Alternate translation: “we have regained” or “we have gotten back”
1436 1SA 30 24 n8h7 figs-rquestion 0 Who will listen to you in this matter? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement: Alternate translation: “No one will listen to you in this matter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1437 1SA 30 24 sv97 figs-abstractnouns 0 as the share is for anyone who goes The abstract noun “share” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **share**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1438 1SA 30 24 xyy4 0 anyone who goes into battle the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war
1439 1SA 30 24 ff29 0 will share and share alike Alternate translation: “will make sure that all receive the same amount”
1440 1SA 30 24 jdd3 0 anyone who waits by the baggage the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies

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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 51 g2ei figs-pronouns 0 he will not kill his servant Adonijah speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person so people will think that he respects King Solomon. Alternate translation: “he will not kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1KI 1 52 jr66 0 General Information: Solomon spares the life of Adonijah.
1KI 1 52 t3dr figs-explicit 0 not a hair of his will fall to the earth This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. Alternate translation: “not a hair of his head will fall” or “I will keep him safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1KI 1 52 d933 figs-abstractnouns 0 wickedness is found in him The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated as a verb. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he does what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 1 52 d933 figs-abstractnouns 0 wickedness is found in him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he does what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 2 intro nsa1 0 # 1 Kings 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter has two stories: Davids last advice to Solomon and Solomons punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exalting oneself<br>Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: “I am going the way of all the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: “Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses.” Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1KI 2 2 v679 figs-euphemism 0 I am going the way of all the earth This is a polite way of saying “I am going to die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 2 2 n19l figs-ellipsis 0 show yourself a man The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “show everyone that you are a man” or “live so that everyone can see you are a good man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 8 32 ls6h 0 give to him according to his righteousness Alternate translation: “to give him what he deserves because he is righteous”
1KI 8 33 sjq6 figs-activepassive 0 your people Israel are defeated by an enemy If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
1KI 8 33 axr3 figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness from you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1KI 8 33 axr3 figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness from you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **forgiveness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1KI 8 35 ij63 figs-metaphor 0 the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. Alternate translation: “you do not allow rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md).
1KI 8 36 uz9g figs-metaphor 0 in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 14 2 qek9 0 disguise yourself Alternate translation: “change how you appear to others”
1KI 14 2 dqs3 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be recognized If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will recognize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 14 5 gqa2 0 Look, the wife of Jeroboam Here the word “Look” means “pay attention.”
1KI 14 5 j3d5 figs-abstractnouns 0 coming to seek advice from you The abstract noun “advice” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “coming to ask you to advise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1KI 14 5 j3d5 figs-abstractnouns 0 coming to seek advice from you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **advice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “coming to ask you to advise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1KI 14 5 yfs2 figs-idiom 0 Say such and such to her The words “such and such” mean that Yahweh told Ahijah what to say. Alternate translation: “Speak in this way to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 14 6 ua5q figs-rquestion 0 Why do you pretend to be someone you are not? This question shows that Ahijah knew she was disguised. Alternate translation: “Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 14 6 d37a figs-activepassive 0 I have been sent to you with bad news If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told me to give you bad news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
88 1KI 1 51 g2ei figs-pronouns 0 he will not kill his servant Adonijah speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person so people will think that he respects King Solomon. Alternate translation: “he will not kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
89 1KI 1 52 jr66 0 General Information: Solomon spares the life of Adonijah.
90 1KI 1 52 t3dr figs-explicit 0 not a hair of his will fall to the earth This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. Alternate translation: “not a hair of his head will fall” or “I will keep him safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
91 1KI 1 52 d933 figs-abstractnouns 0 wickedness is found in him The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated as a verb. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he does what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. It is spoken of as if it were an object that could be found in a container. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he does what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
92 1KI 2 intro nsa1 0 # 1 Kings 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter has two stories: David’s last advice to Solomon and Solomon’s punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exalting oneself<br>Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: “I am going the way of all the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: “Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses.” Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
93 1KI 2 2 v679 figs-euphemism 0 I am going the way of all the earth This is a polite way of saying “I am going to die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
94 1KI 2 2 n19l figs-ellipsis 0 show yourself a man The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “show everyone that you are a man” or “live so that everyone can see you are a good man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
597 1KI 8 32 ls6h 0 give to him according to his righteousness Alternate translation: “to give him what he deserves because he is righteous”
598 1KI 8 33 sjq6 figs-activepassive 0 your people Israel are defeated by an enemy If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
599 1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
600 1KI 8 33 axr3 figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness from you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **forgiveness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
601 1KI 8 35 ij63 figs-metaphor 0 the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. Alternate translation: “you do not allow rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602 1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md).
603 1KI 8 36 uz9g figs-metaphor 0 in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
901 1KI 14 2 qek9 0 disguise yourself Alternate translation: “change how you appear to others”
902 1KI 14 2 dqs3 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be recognized If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will recognize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
903 1KI 14 5 gqa2 0 Look, the wife of Jeroboam Here the word “Look” means “pay attention.”
904 1KI 14 5 j3d5 figs-abstractnouns 0 coming to seek advice from you The abstract noun “advice” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “coming to ask you to advise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **advice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “coming to ask you to advise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
905 1KI 14 5 yfs2 figs-idiom 0 Say such and such to her The words “such and such” mean that Yahweh told Ahijah what to say. Alternate translation: “Speak in this way to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
906 1KI 14 6 ua5q figs-rquestion 0 Why do you pretend to be someone you are not? This question shows that Ahijah knew she was disguised. Alternate translation: “Stop pretending to be someone else; I know who you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
907 1KI 14 6 d37a figs-activepassive 0 I have been sent to you with bad news If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told me to give you bad news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

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@ -928,19 +928,19 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 15 13 wql8 figs-explicit 0 he reigned only one month in Samaria Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 15 14 y7eg translate-names 0 Menahem … Gadi These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 15 14 tv6u figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Shallum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 15 15 t6xd figs-explicit 0 the conspiracy that he formed The abstract noun “conspiracy” can be translated with the verb “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 15 15 t6xd figs-explicit 0 the conspiracy that he formed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 15 15 nd96 figs-activepassive 0 they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 15 16 pmb9 translate-names 0 Tiphsah This is the name of a city. Some versions have “Tappuah,” which is the name of another city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 15 17 wu8n figs-explicit 0 In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 15 18 pk5a figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 15 18 xfk1 figs-abstractnouns 0 For his whole life The abstract noun “life” can be translated with the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2KI 15 18 xfk1 figs-abstractnouns 0 For his whole life If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2KI 15 18 y9u5 figs-metaphor 0 he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 15 18 pj1m figs-metonymy 0 who had caused Israel to sin Here the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 15 19 r6vc figs-synecdoche 0 Pul the king of Assyria came against the land The phrase “Pul the king of Assyria” represents Pul and his army. Alternate translation: “Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 15 19 s53r translate-names 0 Pul the king of Assyria Pul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 15 19 wap9 figs-idiom 0 came against the land The phrase “came against” is an idiom meaning to attack. “The land” refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “came with his army to attack the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 15 19 s8m5 translate-numbers 0 one thousand talents of silver “1,000 talents of silver.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver” or “thirty-three metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2KI 15 19 ft85 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that Puls support might be with him The abstract noun “support” can be translated with the verb “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2KI 15 19 ft85 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that Puls support might be with him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2KI 15 19 wx2a figs-metaphor 0 to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand Having the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 15 20 nd7g 0 exacted this money from Israel Alternate translation: “took this money from Israel”
2KI 15 20 b1hv translate-bmoney 0 fifty shekels of silver You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “six hundred grams of silver” or “three-fifths of a kilogram of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
928 2KI 15 13 wql8 figs-explicit 0 he reigned only one month in Samaria Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
929 2KI 15 14 y7eg translate-names 0 Menahem … Gadi These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
930 2KI 15 14 tv6u figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Shallum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
931 2KI 15 15 t6xd figs-explicit 0 the conspiracy that he formed The abstract noun “conspiracy” can be translated with the verb “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
932 2KI 15 15 nd96 figs-activepassive 0 they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
933 2KI 15 16 pmb9 translate-names 0 Tiphsah This is the name of a city. Some versions have “Tappuah,” which is the name of another city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
934 2KI 15 17 wu8n figs-explicit 0 In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
935 2KI 15 18 pk5a figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
936 2KI 15 18 xfk1 figs-abstractnouns 0 For his whole life The abstract noun “life” can be translated with the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
937 2KI 15 18 y9u5 figs-metaphor 0 he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
938 2KI 15 18 pj1m figs-metonymy 0 who had caused Israel to sin Here the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
939 2KI 15 19 r6vc figs-synecdoche 0 Pul the king of Assyria came against the land The phrase “Pul the king of Assyria” represents Pul and his army. Alternate translation: “Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
940 2KI 15 19 s53r translate-names 0 Pul the king of Assyria Pul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
941 2KI 15 19 wap9 figs-idiom 0 came against the land The phrase “came against” is an idiom meaning to attack. “The land” refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “came with his army to attack the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
942 2KI 15 19 s8m5 translate-numbers 0 one thousand talents of silver “1,000 talents of silver.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver” or “thirty-three metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
943 2KI 15 19 ft85 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that Pul’s support might be with him The abstract noun “support” can be translated with the verb “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
944 2KI 15 19 wx2a figs-metaphor 0 to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand Having the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
945 2KI 15 20 nd7g 0 exacted this money from Israel Alternate translation: “took this money from Israel”
946 2KI 15 20 b1hv translate-bmoney 0 fifty shekels of silver You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “six hundred grams of silver” or “three-fifths of a kilogram of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])

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@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 16 22 l3gs figs-hyperbole 0 Do not touch my anointed ones Here “touch” means to harm. It is an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. Alternate translation: “Do not harm the people I have anointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CH 16 23 ahj3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CH 16 23 zh12 figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 16 23 fd6r figs-abstractnouns 0 announce his salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 16 23 fd6r figs-abstractnouns 0 announce his salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 16 23 cc7q 0 day after day Alternate translation: “every day”
1CH 16 24 qr3t 0 Declare his glory among the nations Alternate translation: “Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory”
1CH 16 25 spj1 figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 17 12 krt9 figs-metonymy 0 I will establish his throne forever The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 17 13 x7rm 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
1CH 17 13 gz2c 0 I will be a father to him, and he will be my son The prophecy in 17:11-14 refers to Solomon, Davids son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
1CH 17 13 hk4h figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 17 13 hk4h figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 17 14 c3xe 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
1CH 17 14 ja8t figs-parallelism 0 I will set him over my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne will be established forever These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Davids dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CH 17 14 s265 figs-activepassive 0 his throne will be established forever If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will establish his throne forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 17 18 i49r 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1CH 17 18 l6hv figs-rquestion 0 What more can I, David, say to you? David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 17 18 bjc6 figs-parallelism 0 You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition These two phrases have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CH 17 18 d86h figs-abstractnouns 0 You have given your servant special recognition The abstract noun “recognition” can be translated using the verb “recognize.” Alternate translation: “You have recognized your servant in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 17 18 d86h figs-abstractnouns 0 You have given your servant special recognition If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **recognition**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “recognize.” Alternate translation: “You have recognized your servant in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 17 19 a849 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1CH 17 19 h72j figs-123person 0 your servants sake Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my sake” or “my benefit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CH 17 19 wp5s 0 to fulfill your own purpose Alternate translation: “to accomplish what you planned to do”
@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 19 1 i9za 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1CH 19 1 b5fi translate-names 0 Nahash This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 19 2 dn3v translate-names 0 Nahash … Hanun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 19 2 ql9n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show kindness … showed kindness The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 19 2 ql9n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show kindness … showed kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 19 2 l5d4 0 console comfort
1CH 19 3 z7kg figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 19 3 x9u2 figs-rquestion 0 Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
959 1CH 16 22 l3gs figs-hyperbole 0 Do not touch my anointed ones Here “touch” means to harm. It is an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. Alternate translation: “Do not harm the people I have anointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
960 1CH 16 23 ahj3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
961 1CH 16 23 zh12 figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
962 1CH 16 23 fd6r figs-abstractnouns 0 announce his salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
963 1CH 16 23 cc7q 0 day after day Alternate translation: “every day”
964 1CH 16 24 qr3t 0 Declare his glory among the nations Alternate translation: “Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory”
965 1CH 16 25 spj1 figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1041 1CH 17 12 krt9 figs-metonymy 0 I will establish his throne forever The right to rule as king is described by the place where a king sits. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1042 1CH 17 13 x7rm 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
1043 1CH 17 13 gz2c 0 I will be a father to him, and he will be my son The prophecy in 17:11-14 refers to Solomon, David’s son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
1044 1CH 17 13 hk4h figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not take my covenant faithfulness away from him, as I took it from Saul The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him, as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1045 1CH 17 14 c3xe 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
1046 1CH 17 14 ja8t figs-parallelism 0 I will set him over my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne will be established forever These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1047 1CH 17 14 s265 figs-activepassive 0 his throne will be established forever If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will establish his throne forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1059 1CH 17 18 i49r 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1060 1CH 17 18 l6hv figs-rquestion 0 What more can I, David, say to you? David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1061 1CH 17 18 bjc6 figs-parallelism 0 You have honored your servant. You have given your servant special recognition These two phrases have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1062 1CH 17 18 d86h figs-abstractnouns 0 You have given your servant special recognition The abstract noun “recognition” can be translated using the verb “recognize.” Alternate translation: “You have recognized your servant in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **recognition**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “recognize.” Alternate translation: “You have recognized your servant in a special way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1063 1CH 17 19 a849 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1064 1CH 17 19 h72j figs-123person 0 your servant’s sake Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my sake” or “my benefit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1065 1CH 17 19 wp5s 0 to fulfill your own purpose Alternate translation: “to accomplish what you planned to do”
1133 1CH 19 1 i9za 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1134 1CH 19 1 b5fi translate-names 0 Nahash This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1135 1CH 19 2 dn3v translate-names 0 Nahash … Hanun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1136 1CH 19 2 ql9n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show kindness … showed kindness The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1137 1CH 19 2 l5d4 0 console comfort
1138 1CH 19 3 z7kg figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1139 1CH 19 3 x9u2 figs-rquestion 0 Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

View File

@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 24 mve8 0 because they have sinned against you Alternate translation: “because your people Israel have sinned against you”
2CH 6 24 b8g1 figs-metaphor 0 if they turn back to you Here “turn back to you” represents submitting again to God. Alternate translation: “if they submit to you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
2CH 6 24 tl3k figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness before you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 24 tl3k figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness before you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **forgiveness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 25 ejw4 figs-idiom 0 please listen from the heavens To “listen” is an idiom for responding to prayer. Alternate translation: “please honor their prayer” or “please answer their prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 6 25 h3hp figs-explicit 0 bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors This implies that when their enemies defeated them, Gods people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate translation: “bring them back to their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 6 26 px2t figs-metaphor 0 When the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. Alternate translation: “When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 6 40 a4re figs-activepassive 0 to the prayer that is made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayer that we make in this place” or “to us as we pray to you in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 41 w18l figs-metaphor 0 arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. Alternate translation: “arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 41 wy6c 0 the ark of your strength Alternate translation: “the ark, which is a symbol of your power”
2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests … be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests … be clothed with salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 6 42 gdj1 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn the face of your anointed away from you Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. Alternate translation: “do not reject your anointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 6 42 y5ew figs-metonymy 0 your anointed “your anointed one.” Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one you anointed” or “me, the one you chose to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 6 42 fdg8 0 Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant The phrase “your acts” can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty”
@ -867,9 +867,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 19 7 zrc9 0 let the fear of Yahweh be upon you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge”
2CH 19 7 k52c figs-abstractnouns 0 there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking The abstract nouns “iniquity,” “favoritism,” and “bribe” can be translated using the verbs “sin,” “favor,” and “bribe.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 19 8 mdr1 figs-metaphor 0 heads of the ancestral houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part, and “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “leaders of the ancient families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 19 8 z2bw figs-abstractnouns 0 for carrying out judgment for Yahweh The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “to judge.” Alternate translation: “for judging the people for Yahweh” or “for judging on Yahwehs behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 19 8 z2bw figs-abstractnouns 0 for carrying out judgment for Yahweh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to judge.” Alternate translation: “for judging the people for Yahweh” or “for judging on Yahwehs behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 19 8 j9ry 0 for the sake of disputes Alternate translation: “for settling disputes” or “for resolving arguments”
2CH 19 9 v6vw figs-abstractnouns 0 You must serve in reverence for Yahweh The abstract noun “reverence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You must serve while fearing Yahweh” or “You must serve while respecting Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 19 9 v6vw figs-abstractnouns 0 You must serve in reverence for Yahweh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You must serve while fearing Yahweh” or “You must serve while respecting Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 19 9 a5tt figs-metonymy 0 with your whole heart Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 19 10 x1yh 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges.
2CH 19 10 ngf4 0 Connecting Statement: Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges.
@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 22 5 q19z translate-names 0 Hazael This is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 22 6 f5en 0 of the wounds that they had given him Alternate translation: “from the wounds that he received at the battle”
2CH 22 6 a51c 0 went down to Jezreel Jezreel was lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
2CH 22 7 es6p figs-abstractnouns 0 Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as an action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God caused Ahaziah to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 22 7 es6p figs-abstractnouns 0 Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God caused Ahaziah to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 22 7 py2x 0 visit to Joram … went with Jehoram “Joram” and “Jehoram” are two names for the same person.
2CH 22 7 jk9g translate-names 0 Nimshi This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 22 7 fsr1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 25 26 yq3e 0 the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This refers to a book that no longer exists.
2CH 25 27 s5wp figs-idiom 0 turned away from following Yahweh Here “turn away” is an idiom that means he no longer obeyed Yahweh. Alternate translation: “stopped obeying Yahweh” or “started to disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 25 27 n2ru 0 they began to make a conspiracy … they sent The text does not state to whom “they” refers. Retain the generic “they” in your translation if possible.
2CH 25 27 v2jh figs-abstractnouns 0 make a conspiracy against him The abstract noun “conspiracy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “conspire against him” or “plot against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 25 27 v2jh figs-abstractnouns 0 make a conspiracy against him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “conspire against him” or “plot against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 25 27 ndw6 translate-names 0 Lachish a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 25 28 p98d 0 They brought The text does not state to whom the word “They” refers. Retain the generic “they” in your translation if possible.
2CH 25 28 m98i 0 brought him back Alternate translation: “brought back his body”
@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 32 21 d5z2 0 with shame on his face Alternate translation: “embarrassed” or “ashamed”
2CH 32 21 vc32 0 the house of his god Alternate translation: “the temple of his god”
2CH 32 22 aiw4 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of Sennacherib … from the hand of all others Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of Sennacherib … from the power of all others” or “from Sennacherib … from all others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 22 s1f2 figs-abstractnouns 0 gave them rest on every side The abstract noun “rest” can be translated as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 32 22 s1f2 figs-abstractnouns 0 gave them rest on every side If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 32 23 bw24 figs-idiom 0 he was lifted up in the eyes of all nations Here “lifted up” is an idiom that means to honor. Also, “in the eyes” is a metaphor that represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations honored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 32 24 m9ff figs-activepassive 0 that he would be healed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that he would heal Hezekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 32 25 y1pq figs-activepassive 0 But Hezekiah did not pay back Yahweh for the help given to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Hezekiah did not act in a grateful way after Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 35 1 bg3u 0 in Jerusalem Yahweh had commanded Moses that all the people of Israel were to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover.
2CH 35 1 ha3p translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2CH 35 2 q95a figs-metaphor 0 He placed the priests in their positions Placing the priests in a position is a metaphor for telling the priests which jobs they are to do. The reader should probably understand that Josiah commanded his officials to give instructions to the priests. Alternate translation: “He had people tell the priests which jobs to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 35 2 l5ws figs-abstractnouns 0 in the service of The abstract noun “service” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as they served in” or “to serve well in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 35 2 l5ws figs-abstractnouns 0 in the service of If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **service**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as they served in” or “to serve well in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 35 3 ahj4 figs-explicit 0 that Solomon son of David, king of Israel built The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “that Solomon, king of Israel, commanded the people to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 35 4 hep3 0 by the name of your ancestral houses and your divisions The word “name” is a collective noun, referring to each name of each ancestral house and each division. Your language may need to say “according to the names of your ancestral houses and your divisions.”
2CH 35 4 ir2z figs-metonymy 0 your ancestral houses The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “the families that are descendants of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
265 2CH 6 24 mve8 0 because they have sinned against you Alternate translation: “because your people Israel have sinned against you”
266 2CH 6 24 b8g1 figs-metaphor 0 if they turn back to you Here “turn back to you” represents submitting again to God. Alternate translation: “if they submit to you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267 2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.”
268 2CH 6 24 tl3k figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness before you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **forgiveness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
269 2CH 6 25 ejw4 figs-idiom 0 please listen from the heavens To “listen” is an idiom for responding to prayer. Alternate translation: “please honor their prayer” or “please answer their prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
270 2CH 6 25 h3hp figs-explicit 0 bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God’s people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate translation: “bring them back to their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
271 2CH 6 26 px2t figs-metaphor 0 When the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. Alternate translation: “When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320 2CH 6 40 a4re figs-activepassive 0 to the prayer that is made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayer that we make in this place” or “to us as we pray to you in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
321 2CH 6 41 w18l figs-metaphor 0 arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. Alternate translation: “arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322 2CH 6 41 wy6c 0 the ark of your strength Alternate translation: “the ark, which is a symbol of your power”
323 2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests … be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests … demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
324 2CH 6 42 gdj1 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn the face of your anointed away from you Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. Alternate translation: “do not reject your anointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
325 2CH 6 42 y5ew figs-metonymy 0 your anointed “your anointed one.” Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one you anointed” or “me, the one you chose to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
326 2CH 6 42 fdg8 0 Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant The phrase “your acts” can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty”
867 2CH 19 7 zrc9 0 let the fear of Yahweh be upon you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge”
868 2CH 19 7 k52c figs-abstractnouns 0 there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking The abstract nouns “iniquity,” “favoritism,” and “bribe” can be translated using the verbs “sin,” “favor,” and “bribe.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
869 2CH 19 8 mdr1 figs-metaphor 0 heads of the ancestral houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part, and “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “leaders of the ancient families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
870 2CH 19 8 z2bw figs-abstractnouns 0 for carrying out judgment for Yahweh The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “to judge.” Alternate translation: “for judging the people for Yahweh” or “for judging on Yahweh’s behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to judge.” Alternate translation: “for judging the people for Yahweh” or “for judging on Yahweh’s behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
871 2CH 19 8 j9ry 0 for the sake of disputes Alternate translation: “for settling disputes” or “for resolving arguments”
872 2CH 19 9 v6vw figs-abstractnouns 0 You must serve in reverence for Yahweh The abstract noun “reverence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You must serve while fearing Yahweh” or “You must serve while respecting Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You must serve while fearing Yahweh” or “You must serve while respecting Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
873 2CH 19 9 a5tt figs-metonymy 0 with your whole heart Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
874 2CH 19 10 x1yh 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges.
875 2CH 19 10 ngf4 0 Connecting Statement: Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges.
1022 2CH 22 5 q19z translate-names 0 Hazael This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1023 2CH 22 6 f5en 0 of the wounds that they had given him Alternate translation: “from the wounds that he received at the battle”
1024 2CH 22 6 a51c 0 went down to Jezreel Jezreel was lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
1025 2CH 22 7 es6p figs-abstractnouns 0 Now the destruction of Ahaziah was brought about by God The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as an action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God caused Ahaziah to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God caused Ahaziah to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1026 2CH 22 7 py2x 0 visit to Joram … went with Jehoram “Joram” and “Jehoram” are two names for the same person.
1027 2CH 22 7 jk9g translate-names 0 Nimshi This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1028 2CH 22 7 fsr1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1222 2CH 25 26 yq3e 0 the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This refers to a book that no longer exists.
1223 2CH 25 27 s5wp figs-idiom 0 turned away from following Yahweh Here “turn away” is an idiom that means he no longer obeyed Yahweh. Alternate translation: “stopped obeying Yahweh” or “started to disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1224 2CH 25 27 n2ru 0 they began to make a conspiracy … they sent The text does not state to whom “they” refers. Retain the generic “they” in your translation if possible.
1225 2CH 25 27 v2jh figs-abstractnouns 0 make a conspiracy against him The abstract noun “conspiracy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “conspire against him” or “plot against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “conspire against him” or “plot against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1226 2CH 25 27 ndw6 translate-names 0 Lachish a city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1227 2CH 25 28 p98d 0 They brought The text does not state to whom the word “They” refers. Retain the generic “they” in your translation if possible.
1228 2CH 25 28 m98i 0 brought him back Alternate translation: “brought back his body”
1555 2CH 32 21 d5z2 0 with shame on his face Alternate translation: “embarrassed” or “ashamed”
1556 2CH 32 21 vc32 0 the house of his god Alternate translation: “the temple of his god”
1557 2CH 32 22 aiw4 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of Sennacherib … from the hand of all others Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of Sennacherib … from the power of all others” or “from Sennacherib … from all others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1558 2CH 32 22 s1f2 figs-abstractnouns 0 gave them rest on every side The abstract noun “rest” can be translated as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “caused them to live peacefully with all the people of the nations around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1559 2CH 32 23 bw24 figs-idiom 0 he was lifted up in the eyes of all nations Here “lifted up” is an idiom that means to honor. Also, “in the eyes” is a metaphor that represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations honored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1560 2CH 32 24 m9ff figs-activepassive 0 that he would be healed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that he would heal Hezekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1561 2CH 32 25 y1pq figs-activepassive 0 But Hezekiah did not pay back Yahweh for the help given to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Hezekiah did not act in a grateful way after Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1705 2CH 35 1 bg3u 0 in Jerusalem Yahweh had commanded Moses that all the people of Israel were to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover.
1706 2CH 35 1 ha3p translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1707 2CH 35 2 q95a figs-metaphor 0 He placed the priests in their positions Placing the priests in a position is a metaphor for telling the priests which jobs they are to do. The reader should probably understand that Josiah commanded his officials to give instructions to the priests. Alternate translation: “He had people tell the priests which jobs to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1708 2CH 35 2 l5ws figs-abstractnouns 0 in the service of The abstract noun “service” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as they served in” or “to serve well in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **service**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as they served in” or “to serve well in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1709 2CH 35 3 ahj4 figs-explicit 0 that Solomon son of David, king of Israel built The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “that Solomon, king of Israel, commanded the people to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1710 2CH 35 4 hep3 0 by the name of your ancestral houses and your divisions The word “name” is a collective noun, referring to each name of each ancestral house and each division. Your language may need to say “according to the names of your ancestral houses and your divisions.”
1711 2CH 35 4 ir2z figs-metonymy 0 your ancestral houses The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “the families that are descendants of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ JOB 9 26 icr6 figs-simile 0 They are as fast as papyrus reed boats Job compares
JOB 9 26 hle5 0 papyrus reed boats “boats made out of reeds.” Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers.
JOB 9 26 vrq5 figs-simile 0 as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. Alternate translation: “as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 9 26 iuy1 0 swoops down Alternate translation: “rushes down”
JOB 9 27 wk23 figs-abstractnouns 0 I would forget about my complaints The abstract noun “complaint” can be translated as the verb “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 9 27 wk23 figs-abstractnouns 0 I would forget about my complaints If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **complaint**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 9 27 gn93 figs-explicit 0 my complaints It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate translation: “my complaints against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 9 27 vk9t figs-metaphor 0 I would take off my sad face and be happy Jobs sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. Alternate translation: “I would stop looking unhappy and smile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 9 28 rek4 grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 I would be afraid of all my sorrows Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word “then.” Alternate translation: “Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ JOB 9 33 z743 0 There is no judge between us This means there is no judge who
JOB 9 33 es66 figs-idiom 0 lay his hand upon us both Here “lay his hand upon” means having power or authority over. Alternate translation: “take hold of both of us” or “have authority over both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 9 34 hm1t 0 Connecting Statement: These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job.
JOB 9 34 cc5r figs-metonymy 0 take Gods rod off me Here “Gods rod” is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. Alternate translation: “stop God from punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 9 34 vs1b figs-abstractnouns 0 keep his terror from frightening me The abstract noun “terror” can be translated as the verb “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 9 34 vs1b figs-abstractnouns 0 keep his terror from frightening me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 9 35 fa78 0 Then would I speak up Alternate translation: “Then I would speak”
JOB 9 35 ug86 0 as things are now Alternate translation: “because this is how things are now”
JOB 10 intro ul99 0 # Job 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Jobs response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jobs righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ JOB 10 15 h2sc figs-idiom 0 lift up my head This idiom means to be sure or conf
JOB 10 15 yg3e 0 I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction Another possible meaning, followed by some versions, is, “I am full of disgrace and am completely full of my own suffering,” where the disgrace is bad but the suffering is even worse.
JOB 10 15 amu8 0 I am filled with disgrace Alternate translation: “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore”
JOB 10 15 fs2u 0 disgrace shame
JOB 10 15 bu5t figs-abstractnouns 0 see my affliction The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated using the verb “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 10 15 bu5t figs-abstractnouns 0 see my affliction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 10 16 ya75 figs-idiom 0 If my head were lifted up This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ JOB 11 8 hb95 figs-rquestion 0 what can you know? Zophar uses this question to
JOB 11 9 i9xz 0 Its measure This could mean: (1) Gods greatness or (2) the greatness of Gods wisdom.
JOB 11 9 z6cv figs-metaphor 0 is longer than the earth … wider than the sea Gods greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 11 10 y4fx 0 If he … shuts anyone up Alternate translation: “If God … shuts anyone up in prison”
JOB 11 10 d1jn figs-abstractnouns 0 if he calls anyone to judgment The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 11 10 d1jn figs-abstractnouns 0 if he calls anyone to judgment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 11 10 f915 figs-rquestion 0 who can stop him? This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 11 gdx6 figs-rquestion 0 does he not notice it? This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 11 12 e8e9 figs-abstractnouns 0 But foolish people have no understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ JOB 13 3 mx6r 0 I wish to reason with God Jobs friends are judging him, but
JOB 13 4 f979 figs-metaphor 0 you whitewash the truth with lies Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. Alternate translation: “you hide the truth with lies” or “you lie and ignore the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 4 p89c figs-metaphor 0 you are all physicians of no value Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. Alternate translation: “you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people” or “you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 13 5 gp7i figs-idiom 0 hold your peace This expression means “be quiet” or “stop talking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 13 5 t33j figs-abstractnouns 0 That would be your wisdom They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with the word “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 13 5 t33j figs-abstractnouns 0 That would be your wisdom They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 13 6 ezt5 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends.
JOB 13 6 v78i figs-synecdoche 0 listen to the pleading of my own lips Here “lips” represent the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen to what I myself plead for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 13 7 scy3 figs-rquestion 0 Will you speak unrighteously … deceitfully for him? Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. Alternate translation: “You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ JOB 28 23 qlj3 figs-metaphor 0 God understands the way to it; he knows its plac
JOB 28 24 q6zd 0 the very ends of the earth Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth”
JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 28 26 qy1s 0 a path for the thunder Alternate translation: “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm”
JOB 28 28 l4bu figs-abstractnouns 0 See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom The abstract noun “fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with the word “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 28 28 l4bu figs-abstractnouns 0 See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 28 28 m7dq figs-metaphor 0 to depart from evil is understanding Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 29 intro eli2 0 # Job 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Jobs statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahwehs blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Jobs argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.
JOB 29 2 h8k3 figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that I were as I was in the past months Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that I were as I was in past months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ JOB 29 18 ree7 figs-hyperbole 0 I will multiply my days like the grains of sand
JOB 29 19 f52q figs-metaphor 0 My roots … my branches Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 29 20 r1t1 figs-abstractnouns 0 The honor in me is always fresh The abstract noun “honor” can be expressed with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 29 20 bz9x figs-metaphor 0 the bow of my strength is always new in my hand A new bow is very strong. Jobs bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. Alternate translation: “I am always strong like a new bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 29 22 l3t7 figs-simile 0 my speech dropped like water on them Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. The abstract noun “speech” can be translated with the verb “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh peoples bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 29 22 l3t7 figs-simile 0 my speech dropped like water on them Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh peoples bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 29 23 g4bi figs-simile 0 They always waited for me as they waited for rain People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 29 23 dye5 figs-metaphor 0 they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. Alternate translation: “they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 29 23 wd9h 0 as they would do for the latter rain Alternate translation: “as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain”
@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ JOB 30 1 bw8l figs-explicit 0 the dogs of my flock The dogs relationship to
JOB 30 2 dkd7 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, the strength of their fathers hands, how could it have helped me … perished? Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: “The strength of their fathers hands could not have helped me … perished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 30 2 n58x figs-metaphor 0 men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 30 3 b5gi 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers.
JOB 30 3 i6mn figs-abstractnouns 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The abstract noun “poverty” can be expressed with the word “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 30 3 i6mn figs-abstractnouns 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 4 dz4r 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
JOB 30 4 lbt6 0 saltwort … bushes leaves … the roots of the broom tree These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.
@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ JOB 31 27 qcf6 figs-synecdoche 0 if my heart has been secretly attracted Here
JOB 31 27 wm2t translate-symaction 0 so that my mouth has kissed my hand Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 31 28 pwl3 figs-activepassive 0 to be punished by judges If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 28 g5xt 0 I would have denied the God who is above Alternate translation: “I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above”
JOB 31 29 b1im figs-abstractnouns 0 at the destruction of anyone who hated me The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 31 29 b1im figs-abstractnouns 0 at the destruction of anyone who hated me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 31 29 p1nt 0 when disaster overtook him Alternate translation: “when he experienced disasters”
JOB 31 29 hvt5 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Jobs statement in this long sentence.
JOB 31 30 w93c figs-synecdoche 0 Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin Here “my mouth” represents Job speaking. Alternate translation: “Truly I did not let myself sin” or “Truly, I did not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2078,14 +2078,14 @@ JOB 38 1 zh2u 0 called to Job Alternate translation: “answered Job” or “
JOB 38 1 zk13 0 out of a fierce storm Alternate translation: “from a powerful storm”
JOB 38 2 ln5m figs-rquestion 0 Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 2 u9fl 0 Who is this who brings Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring”
JOB 38 2 kw1v figs-metaphor 0 brings darkness to plans “obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses Gods plans is spoken of as if he were making Gods plans harder to see. The abstract noun “darkness” can be translated as the verb “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 2 kw1v figs-metaphor 0 brings darkness to plans “obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses Gods plans is spoken of as if he were making Gods plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 2 lq69 0 by means of words without knowledge Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know”
JOB 38 2 nng1 figs-abstractnouns 0 words without knowledge The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 3 ur9i figs-idiom 0 gird up your loins like a man “tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 38 4 k38w figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 4 xgy2 figs-rquestion 0 Where were you when I laid the earths foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 4 e2l4 figs-metaphor 0 I laid the earths foundations Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 38 4 p418 figs-abstractnouns 0 if you have so much understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 4 p418 figs-abstractnouns 0 if you have so much understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 5 y99g figs-rquestion 0 Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 5 sp2s 0 dimensions Alternate translation: “size”
JOB 38 5 nt85 figs-rquestion 0 Who stretched the measuring line over it? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2441,7 +2441,7 @@ JOB 41 20 pqy7 0 nostrils the two openings of the nose
JOB 41 20 uk6d figs-simile 0 smoke like a boiling pot Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 41 21 lgl1 0 kindles coals into flame Alternate translation: “causes coals to catch fire”
JOB 41 22 xx91 0 his … him The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan.
JOB 41 22 lw67 figs-abstractnouns 0 terror dances in front of him The abstract noun “terror” can be translated as the verb “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 41 22 lw67 figs-abstractnouns 0 terror dances in front of him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 41 23 uak5 figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be moved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 41 24 b1b7 figs-simile 0 His heart is as hard as a stone A rock or stone does not change and become soft. This could mean: (1) Leviathans physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 41 24 ja7y 0 a lower millstone “the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find.

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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ PSA 4 6 stu3 figs-metaphor 0 lift up the light of your face on us The writer sp
PSA 4 7 v4vs figs-synecdoche 0 You have given my heart more gladness The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 4 7 b9ht figs-metaphor 0 You have given my heart more gladness than others have Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gladness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 4 7 izx5 figs-metonymy 0 when their grain and new wine abound “New wine” may represent grapes. Alternate translation: “when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 4 8 b57u figs-metaphor 0 It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “peace.” Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 4 8 b57u figs-metaphor 0 It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 4 8 p2ce figs-doublet 0 make me safe and secure The words “safe” and “secure” mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: “make me completely safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 5 intro e67h 0 # Psalm 05 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahwehs help<br>God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 5 1 k92k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ PSA 18 46 w5z5 figs-activepassive 0 may my rock be praised If your language doe
PSA 18 46 mv1z figs-metaphor 0 my rock Here the writer speaks of Yahwehs protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 18 46 h9ey figs-activepassive 0 May the God of my salvation be exalted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May people exalt the God of my salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 18 46 xf2h figs-abstractnouns 0 the God of my salvation The abstract nouns “salvation” can be stated as “saved” or “rescued.” Alternate translation: “the God who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 18 47 v7ab figs-abstractnouns 0 the God who executes vengeance for me To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “vengeance.” Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 18 47 v7ab figs-abstractnouns 0 the God who executes vengeance for me To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 18 48 l9y3 figs-activepassive 0 I am set free If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has set me free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 18 48 z54b figs-metaphor 0 you lifted me above Yahwehs protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. Alternate translation: “you put me in a safe place high above” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 18 48 k73f 0 who rose against me Alternate translation: “who attacked me” or “who rebelled against me”
@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ PSA 26 1 a4v9 figs-metaphor 0 without wavering Doubting is spoken of as if it w
PSA 26 2 zxg5 0 Examine me Alternate translation: “Try me”
PSA 26 2 iqe7 figs-doublet 0 test the purity of my inner parts and my heart Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 26 3 qc7g figs-metaphor 0 For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes Here “eyes” represent a persons thoughts and having something before ones eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 26 3 am2g figs-metaphor 0 I walk about in your faithfulness The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 26 3 am2g figs-metaphor 0 I walk about in your faithfulness The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 26 4 b17j 0 I do not associate with Alternate translation: “I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with”
PSA 26 4 j2s7 0 with deceitful people Alternate translation: “with those who deceive others”
PSA 26 4 u6k2 figs-parallelism 0 nor do I mingle with dishonest people This means the same as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “and I do not join with dishonest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ PSA 30 3 ryd7 figs-metonymy 0 from going down to the grave The “grave” repr
PSA 30 4 jui4 figs-abstractnouns 0 Give thanks when you remember his holiness The abstract nouns “thanks” and “holiness” can be stated as “thank” and “holy.” Alternate translation: “Remember that God is holy and thank him” or “Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 30 5 n3py figs-abstractnouns 0 his anger is only for a moment “his anger lasts only a moment.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “he is angry for only a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 30 5 ls29 figs-metonymy 0 a moment Here “moment” represents a short amount of time. Alternate translation: “a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 30 5 zm7v figs-abstractnouns 0 but his favor is for a lifetime The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the adjective “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 30 5 zm7v figs-abstractnouns 0 but his favor is for a lifetime If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 30 5 vw11 figs-metaphor 0 Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 30 6 v3a5 figs-abstractnouns 0 In confidence The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 30 6 p1kl figs-metaphor 0 I will never be shaken The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ PSA 37 29 t6ic figs-metaphor 0 will inherit the land The possession of the land
PSA 37 30 u8ut figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous This refers to the people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 37 30 w34s figs-synecdoche 0 The mouth of the righteous person Here “mouth” represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “The righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 37 30 hy67 figs-abstractnouns 0 speaks wisdom If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “gives wise advice to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 37 30 xy8u figs-abstractnouns 0 increases justice The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 37 30 xy8u figs-abstractnouns 0 increases justice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 37 31 bga8 figs-metonymy 0 The law of his God is in his heart Here “in his heart” refers to his deepest inner being. Alternate translation: “He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 37 31 nf23 figs-metaphor 0 his feet will not slip Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. Alternate translation: “he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk” or “he will safely do the things God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 37 32 jz23 figs-genericnoun 0 The wicked person … the righteous person These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people … righteous people” or “Any wicked person” or “any righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ PSA 38 20 bbb4 figs-metaphor 0 pursued what is good The writers desire for what
PSA 38 21 czy3 figs-parallelism 0 Do not abandon me … do not stay far away from me These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 38 21 nrs8 figs-metaphor 0 do not stay far away from me Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writers request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 22 zv2x figs-metaphor 0 Come quickly to help me God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 22 a3xa figs-abstractnouns 0 my salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 38 22 a3xa figs-abstractnouns 0 my salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 39 intro z1zc 0 # Psalm 039 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life<br>Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted Gods healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
PSA 39 1 lx3e writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 39 1 rc8d 0 For the chief musician Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship,”
@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ PSA 40 15 fqa6 0 Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to
PSA 40 15 i1aw 0 Let them be shocked because of their shame Alternate translation: “I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them”
PSA 40 15 rbg9 figs-exclamations 0 Aha, aha! These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in [Psalms 35:21](../035/021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 40 16 az21 figs-doublet 0 rejoice and be glad These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 40 16 yq7n figs-abstractnouns 0 loves your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 40 16 yq7n figs-abstractnouns 0 loves your salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 40 17 v567 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 40 17 ep4r 0 the Lord thinks about me Alternate translation: “the Lord cares for me”
PSA 40 17 a8vb figs-parallelism 0 You are my help … you come to my rescue These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1870,7 +1870,7 @@ PSA 52 7 qv2z figs-metonymy 0 did not make God his refuge Here “refuge” rep
PSA 52 8 u1wy 0 a green olive tree Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.
PSA 52 8 e2xz figs-simile 0 I am like a green olive tree in Gods house Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. Alternate translation: “I am strong in Gods house, like a green olive tree” or “Because I worship in Gods house, I am secure like a green olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 52 8 ydi4 0 in Gods house This refers to Gods temple.
PSA 52 8 bgx6 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 52 8 bgx6 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 52 9 cj6z figs-metonymy 0 I will wait for your name, because it is good Gods name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: “I will wait for you, because you are good” or “I will wait for you to help me, because you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 53 intro u3hp 0 # Psalm 053 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Gods watching mankind<br>God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
PSA 53 1 btc5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ PSA 59 8 x3cx 0 you hold all the nations in derision Alternate translation:
PSA 59 8 tjt6 0 derision ridicule
PSA 59 9 av6p figs-metonymy 0 my strength Gods being the psalmists strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “you are my strength” or “you are my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 59 9 mi4w figs-metaphor 0 you are my high tower A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you protect me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 59 10 v7d9 figs-explicit 0 My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 59 10 v7d9 figs-explicit 0 My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 59 10 tb7v figs-abstractnouns 0 my desire on my enemies The abstract noun “desire” can be expressed with the verb “want.” Alternate translation: “what I want to happen to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 59 11 c9tk 0 Scatter them Alternate translation: “Cause them to wander around”
PSA 59 11 yf94 figs-metonymy 0 our shield Gods protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. Alternate translation: “our protector” or “the one who protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2107,7 +2107,7 @@ PSA 59 16 vmt2 0 in the day of my distress Alternate translation: “whenever
PSA 59 17 q7yw figs-sentences 0 To you, my strength, I will sing praises “To you, my strength” can be combined as one clause. Alternate translation: “You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
PSA 59 17 g4db figs-metonymy 0 my strength Gods being the psalmists strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 59 17 m2u5 figs-metaphor 0 for God is my high tower High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you have protected me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 59 17 shn4 figs-abstractnouns 0 the God of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He is the God who is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 59 17 shn4 figs-abstractnouns 0 the God of covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He is the God who is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 60 intro wza8 0 # Psalm 060 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 60 is a psalm of war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Protection<br>God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.
PSA 60 1 ev3m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 60 1 usc3 0 For the chief musician Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
@ -2183,8 +2183,8 @@ PSA 62 10 ubx1 figs-doublet 0 oppression or robbery These two words have basica
PSA 62 10 eu3d figs-metaphor 0 for they will bear no fruit The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. Alternate translation: “for they will provide nothing good for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 62 10 j6sj figs-idiom 0 do not fix your heart on them Here “fix your heart” is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. Alternate translation: “do not desire them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 62 11 x8ts 0 God has spoken once, twice have I heard this This means that God has said this more than once.
PSA 62 11 kc1v figs-metaphor 0 power belongs to God God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun “power” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “God is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 62 12 n56f figs-metaphor 0 Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 62 11 kc1v figs-metaphor 0 power belongs to God God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **power**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “God is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 62 12 n56f figs-metaphor 0 Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 62 12 gl1p figs-metaphor 0 for you pay back every person for what he has done The writer speaks of Gods rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 63 intro py5b 0 # Psalm 063 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.
PSA 63 1 rct4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -2496,7 +2496,7 @@ PSA 70 2 g5lq figs-metaphor 0 turned back To be stopped or thwarted is spoken o
PSA 70 3 b66b 0 those who say, “Aha, aha.” This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace “Aha, aha” with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. Alternate translation: “those who mock and laugh at me”
PSA 70 4 hi48 figs-metaphor 0 seek you Seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 70 4 fiv4 figs-doublet 0 rejoice and be glad These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “rejoice greatly” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 70 4 k76h figs-abstractnouns 0 love your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 70 4 k76h figs-abstractnouns 0 love your salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 70 4 ymr2 figs-hyperbole 0 always say This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PSA 70 4 xit2 figs-activepassive 0 May God be praised If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let everyone praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 70 5 k146 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy Here the words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2542,8 +2542,8 @@ PSA 71 13 i5m7 figs-abstractnouns 0 those who seek my hurt The noun “hurt”
PSA 71 14 ew9i 0 more and more Alternate translation: “more all the time” or “always more than I have before”
PSA 71 15 ukx5 0 My mouth will tell about your righteousness and your salvation all the day, although I cannot understand it Alternate translation: “I do not completely understand your righteousness and your salvation, but my mouth will tell about them all the day”
PSA 71 15 r4ct figs-synecdoche 0 My mouth will tell The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell” or “I will speak with my mouth and tell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 71 15 diu6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your righteousness This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 71 15 hjv1 figs-abstractnouns 0 your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 71 15 diu6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your righteousness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 71 15 hjv1 figs-abstractnouns 0 your salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 71 16 mem9 figs-go 0 I will come This could mean: (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
PSA 71 16 ntp3 0 with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh This could mean: (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.”
PSA 71 16 xcy8 0 will make mention of Alternate translation: “will talk about”
@ -2699,7 +2699,7 @@ PSA 74 11 hk11 0 your right hand Alternate translation: “your strongest hand
PSA 74 11 nc4l figs-metonymy 0 Take your right hand from your garment The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. “Stop hiding your power and take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 74 12 n2ul 0 General Information: This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming Gods mighty deeds in the history of his people.
PSA 74 12 r8vz 0 God has been my king from ancient times This could mean: (1) Asaph is speaking as Israels representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.”
PSA 74 12 tqm1 figs-abstractnouns 0 bringing salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 12 tqm1 figs-abstractnouns 0 bringing salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 13 gap9 figs-explicit 0 You divided … in the waters Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaohs army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 74 13 ag39 figs-personification 0 You divided the sea by your strength Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 74 13 r6uh 0 the sea Alternate translation: “the great water”
@ -2792,7 +2792,7 @@ PSA 77 6 kh2e 0 what had happened Another possible meaning is “what was happ
PSA 77 7 ie4q figs-doublet 0 Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor? These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 77 7 gat1 0 show me favor Alternate translation: “do things that show that he is pleased with me”
PSA 77 8 ydt2 0 General Information: Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally.
PSA 77 8 d9gm figs-abstractnouns 0 Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahwehs covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 8 d9gm figs-abstractnouns 0 Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahwehs covenant faithfulness had gone away. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 9 q3fw figs-doublet 0 Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion? These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 77 9 qup5 figs-personification 0 Had his anger shut off his compassion Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, Alternate translation: “Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 77 10 v28j 0 I said This could mean: (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.
@ -2804,9 +2804,9 @@ PSA 77 12 br6v figs-doublet 0 I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on
PSA 77 12 vsp7 0 ponder think deeply about
PSA 77 12 ju2f 0 reflect on them Alternate translation: “think of what they mean”
PSA 77 13 tr7z figs-rquestion 0 what god compares to our great God? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no god compares to our great God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 77 14 vh9m figs-abstractnouns 0 revealed your strength among the peoples The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 14 vh9m figs-abstractnouns 0 revealed your strength among the peoples If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 15 nc87 0 gave your people victory … the descendants Alternate translation: “gave us, your people, victory … us who are the descendants”
PSA 77 15 cz77 figs-abstractnouns 0 gave your people victory The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “caused your people to be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 15 cz77 figs-abstractnouns 0 gave your people victory If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **victory**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “caused your people to be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 15 ani3 0 the descendants of Jacob and Joseph This refers to the entire nation of Israel.
PSA 77 16 ms5u figs-personification 0 The waters saw you … they were afraid … the depths trembled Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 77 16 a22h figs-doublet 0 the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled “water” and “depth” refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2861,7 +2861,7 @@ PSA 78 23 wx6j figs-metaphor 0 opened the doors of the sky Asaph speaks of the
PSA 78 24 mrr5 0 He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven These two lines speak of the same event.
PSA 78 24 u9dw 0 He rained down manna Alternate translation: “He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain”
PSA 78 25 l158 figs-synecdoche 0 the bread of angels This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “the same kind of food that angels eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 78 25 a5x1 figs-abstractnouns 0 food in abundance The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “abundant food” or “a large amount of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 78 25 a5x1 figs-abstractnouns 0 food in abundance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “abundant food” or “a large amount of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 78 26 t8wt 0 He caused Alternate translation: “God caused”
PSA 78 27 f33h figs-metaphor 0 He rained down meat on them like dust The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. Alternate translation: “He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 27 x2ac 0 meat birds
@ -3450,14 +3450,14 @@ PSA 91 13 sw74 0 adders types of poisonous snake.
PSA 91 13 qme2 0 trample crush by walking heavily on
PSA 91 14 hzl3 0 Because he is devoted to me Alternate translation: “Because he loves me”
PSA 91 15 cwn1 figs-explicit 0 I will be with him in trouble This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be with him when he is in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 91 15 am3h figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give him victory The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to be victorious” or “I will enable him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 91 15 am3h figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give him victory If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **victory**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to be victorious” or “I will enable him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 91 16 jc9f figs-idiom 0 will satisfy him with the length of his days The idiom “the length of his days” here refers to the duration of his life. It may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy him by giving him a long life” or “I will make him happy by letting him live a very long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 91 16 xnz9 figs-metaphor 0 and show him my salvation “and I will show him my salvation.” The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 92 intro cs72 0 # Psalm 092 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for Gods kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 92 1 bx9h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 92 1 fur9 figs-metonymy 0 to sing praises to your name The words “your name” are a metonym for “you.” Alternate translation: “to sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 92 2 b75i figs-abstractnouns 0 proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with the adjective “faithful.” Alternate translation: “proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 92 2 s7d2 figs-ellipsis 0 your truthfulness every night The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “proclaim every night that everything you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 92 2 b75i figs-abstractnouns 0 proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 92 2 s7d2 figs-ellipsis 0 your truthfulness every night The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truthfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “proclaim every night that everything you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 92 4 mn13 0 glad happy
PSA 92 4 m1f8 figs-abstractnouns 0 through your deeds The abstract noun phrase “your deeds” can be translated with the relative clause “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “by what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 92 4 if93 figs-abstractnouns 0 the deeds of your hands The abstract noun phrase “the deeds of your hands” can be translated with the relative clause “what your hands have done.” The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “What you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -3531,7 +3531,7 @@ PSA 94 11 z81z 0 vapor “mist.” See how this word is translated in [Psalms
PSA 94 12 dl5m 0 General Information: Now the writer again talks to Yahweh.
PSA 94 13 y3g3 figs-activepassive 0 until a pit is dug for the wicked The psalmist speaks of Yahwehs punishing the wicked as if Yahweh were trapping an animal in a pit. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you dig a pit for the wicked” or “until you destroy the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 94 14 gwf5 0 his inheritance Alternate translation: “those whom he has chosen to be with him forever”
PSA 94 15 m8cb figs-metonymy 0 judgment will again be righteous The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judges will again judge righteously” or “judges will again make righteous decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 15 m8cb figs-metonymy 0 judgment will again be righteous The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judges will again judge righteously” or “judges will again make righteous decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 15 l96i figs-nominaladj 0 the upright in heart The adjective phrase “upright in heart” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those whose hearts are right with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 94 15 h275 0 will follow it Alternate translation: “will want the judges to judge righteously”
PSA 94 16 h7cv figs-rquestion 0 Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -3539,8 +3539,8 @@ PSA 94 16 x3ap figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked The adjective “wicked” can be t
PSA 94 17 pgd7 figs-hypo 0 Unless Yahweh had been my help … silence This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PSA 94 17 ecb1 figs-abstractnouns 0 Unless Yahweh had been my help The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh had not helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 17 zjq1 figs-euphemism 0 I would soon be lying down in the place of silence Here “would be lying down” refers to “death” and “in the place of silence” refers to the grave.” Alternate translation: “in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 94 18 gqn7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 19 f9kp figs-abstractnouns 0 When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun “consolations” can be translated with the verb “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 18 gqn7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 19 f9kp figs-abstractnouns 0 When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **consolations**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 94 20 uc2u figs-rquestion 0 Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute? This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 94 20 w3hm figs-metonymy 0 a throne of destruction Here the metonym “throne” refers to a king or ruler. Alternate translation: “a wicked ruler” or “corrupt judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 94 21 z1ls 0 conspire secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal
@ -3581,7 +3581,7 @@ PSA 96 1 i5dj writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in He
PSA 96 1 sm6u 0 a new song a song no one has ever sung before
PSA 96 1 mlu3 figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 2 e8ws figs-metonymy 0 bless his name The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 96 2 m2w2 figs-abstractnouns 0 announce his salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 96 2 m2w2 figs-abstractnouns 0 announce his salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 96 3 w4ht 0 Declare his glory among the nations Alternate translation: “Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory”
PSA 96 4 t9di figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 96 4 lx5h figs-activepassive 0 He is to be feared above all other gods This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fear him above all other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3638,12 +3638,12 @@ PSA 98 1 p2zl 0 a new song a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is
PSA 98 1 diq2 figs-metonymy 0 his right hand and his holy arm have The words “right hand” and “holy arm” refer to Yahwehs strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. Alternate translation: “his very great power has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 98 1 wsb2 0 right hand the more powerful and skilled hand
PSA 98 1 q78c figs-metonymy 0 holy arm Here “arm” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “the power that is his alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 98 1 q2q6 figs-abstractnouns 0 have given him victory This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “victory.” Alternate translation: “have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies” or “has enabled him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 2 e23q figs-abstractnouns 0 made known his salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “showed people that he saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 2 r9rs figs-abstractnouns 0 showed his justice to all the nations The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the adjective “just.” The word “nations” is a metonym for “the people who live in all the nations.” Alternate translation: “showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 1 q2q6 figs-abstractnouns 0 have given him victory If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies” or “has enabled him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 2 e23q figs-abstractnouns 0 made known his salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “showed people that he saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 2 r9rs figs-abstractnouns 0 showed his justice to all the nations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “just.” The word “nations” is a metonym for “the people who live in all the nations.” Alternate translation: “showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 3 p5wz figs-idiom 0 calls to mind “remembers.” See how “call to mind” is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 98 3 k1dm figs-metonymy 0 all the ends of the earth This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “people from all over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 98 3 g1bq figs-abstractnouns 0 will see the victory of our God The abstract noun “victory” can be translated using the verb “defeat.” Alternate translation: “will see our God defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 3 g1bq figs-abstractnouns 0 will see the victory of our God If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **victory**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “defeat.” Alternate translation: “will see our God defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 98 4 qdk5 figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 98 4 l8fc 0 burst into song Alternate translation: “suddenly begin singing happily”
PSA 98 4 p9j9 0 sing for joy Alternate translation: “sing because you are happy”
@ -3667,7 +3667,7 @@ PSA 99 1 i5p3 0 quakes shakes
PSA 99 2 w3l7 0 Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations Alternate translation: “Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations” or “Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations”
PSA 99 2 e9l4 figs-activepassive 0 he is exalted above all the nations If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people in all the nations exalt him” or “people in all nations praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 99 3 r44j 0 Let them praise your great and awesome name Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God.
PSA 99 4 c51t figs-abstractnouns 0 he loves justice The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the phrase “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 99 4 c51t figs-abstractnouns 0 he loves justice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 99 4 f41e figs-abstractnouns 0 You have established fairness The abstract noun “fairness” is a metonym for the laws that are fair. Alternate translation: “The laws you have established are fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 99 5 j6yj figs-explicit 0 worship at his footstool Here the word “footstool” likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahwehs footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship Yahweh at his footstool” or “worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 99 7 cv85 0 solemn important, given seriously
@ -3682,15 +3682,15 @@ PSA 100 3 uxa7 figs-metaphor 0 the sheep of his pasture Gods people are like
PSA 100 3 z4at 0 pasture a grassy area for feeding animals
PSA 100 4 tb64 0 with thanksgiving Alternate translation: “while thanking him” or “while giving thanks to him”
PSA 100 4 zt85 figs-metonymy 0 bless his name The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 100 5 qn11 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he is faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 100 5 e52y figs-ellipsis 0 his truthfulness through all generations The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “his truthfulness endures through all generations” or “he is truthful through all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 100 5 qn11 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he is faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 100 5 e52y figs-ellipsis 0 his truthfulness through all generations The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truthfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “his truthfulness endures through all generations” or “he is truthful through all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 100 5 nly8 0 through all generations “generation after generation.” See how this is translated in [Psalms 89:4](../089/004.md).
PSA 101 intro vhm3 0 # Psalm 11 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 101 is a psalm asking Gods help in living as a person should.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Encouragement<br>The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
PSA 101 1 icq7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 101 1 lx29 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “justice” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 101 2 v15m figs-metaphor 0 I will walk in the way of integrity Here David speaks about “living” as if it were “walking.” Alternate translation: “I will live in a way that is honest and right” or “I will live a life full of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 101 2 x9km figs-metaphor 0 I will walk with integrity within my house Here David speaks about “living” as if it were walking.” Also, David speaks of overseeing his house with integrity, as if integrity were a physical object residing in his house. Alternate translation: “I will oversee my house with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 101 3 ebd9 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “wrongdoing.” The idiom, “put evil before my eyes,” means to approve of it. Alternate translation: “I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 101 3 ebd9 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The idiom, “put evil before my eyes,” means to approve of it. Alternate translation: “I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 101 3 l5pl figs-personification 0 it will not cling to me David describes “evil” as if it were something unable to cling to him. This means that he would avoid evil things and people doing evil things. Alternate translation: “I will completely avoid evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 101 3 cx52 0 cling hold on to something or someone very tightly
PSA 101 4 v5jw 0 to evil Alternate translation: “to anything that is evil”
@ -3766,7 +3766,7 @@ PSA 103 9 whp1 figs-parallelism 0 He will not always discipline; he is not alwa
PSA 103 10 ma6v figs-parallelism 0 He does not deal with us … or repay us These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. Alternate translation: “He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 103 10 e5pc 0 deal with us Alternate translation: “punish us”
PSA 103 11 me8x figs-simile 0 For as the skies are high … toward those who honor him The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of Gods love for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 103 11 e326 figs-abstractnouns 0 so great is his covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so he is very faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 103 11 e326 figs-abstractnouns 0 so great is his covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so he is very faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 103 12 tv54 figs-simile 0 As far as the east … removed the guilt of our sins from us The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 103 13 yv8t figs-simile 0 As a father has compassion … on those who honor him Here the author compares a fathers compassion for his children to Yahwehs compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 103 14 l1y7 figs-activepassive 0 how we are formed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what our bodies are like” or “how he formed our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3775,7 +3775,7 @@ PSA 103 15 dwr3 figs-simile 0 As for man, his days are like grass In this simil
PSA 103 15 zx2q figs-simile 0 he flourishes like a flower in a field In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 103 15 p86d 0 flourishes To “flourish” is to grow well or be healthy.
PSA 103 16 pk91 figs-simile 0 The wind blows over it, and it disappears … where it once grew These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. Alternate translation: “The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 103 17 x8ia figs-abstractnouns 0 the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 103 17 x8ia figs-abstractnouns 0 the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 103 17 c87z figs-merism 0 is from everlasting to everlasting This means that Yahwehs love continues forever. Alternate translation: “will continue forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 103 17 h9c9 0 their descendants Alternate translation: “the descendants of those who honor him”
PSA 103 18 qg3h figs-parallelism 0 They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -3909,7 +3909,7 @@ PSA 105 43 vc3k 0 shouts of triumph the sound that people make when they are s
PSA 105 45 x32z figs-parallelism 0 keep his statutes and obey his laws These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. “To keep” his statutes means to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey his laws and statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 106 intro b2l3 0 # Psalm 16 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israels sin<br>Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
PSA 106 1 m751 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 106 1 n4rk figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “for he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 106 1 n4rk figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “for he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 106 2 mp3f figs-rquestion 0 Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh … deeds? The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. Alternate translation: “No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh … deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 106 2 gxs8 0 praiseworthy deeds Alternate translation: “deeds that are worthy of praise”
PSA 106 4 hu15 figs-idiom 0 Call me to mind The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3918,7 +3918,7 @@ PSA 106 5 hyv2 figs-ellipsis 0 rejoice in the gladness … and glory These are
PSA 106 5 xr8z 0 gladness joy, delight
PSA 106 5 upf7 figs-metonymy 0 glory with your inheritance Here the phrase “your inheritance” refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahwehs chosen people. Here “glory” means “to boast about” something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “boast of your greatness with your people” or “boast with your people about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 106 7 f98d 0 did not appreciate your marvelous deeds Alternate translation: “were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did”
PSA 106 7 ba4y figs-abstractnouns 0 they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 106 7 ba4y figs-abstractnouns 0 they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 106 7 i9mu 0 at the sea … the Sea of Reeds These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea.
PSA 106 8 gj3d 0 Nevertheless, he Alternate translation: “Even though what I have just said is true, he”
PSA 106 8 cz9e figs-metonymy 0 for his names sake Here “his name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the sake of his own reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3979,7 +3979,7 @@ PSA 106 48 qmx9 figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised
PSA 106 48 qzy4 figs-merism 0 from everlasting to everlasting This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in [Psalms 41:13](../041/013.md). Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 107 intro j88n 0 # Psalm 17 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Praise<br>The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
PSA 107 1 h2en writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 107 1 he6p figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 1 he6p figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 2 p5ij figs-nominaladj 0 the redeemed of Yahweh “The redeemed” refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 107 2 j8q7 figs-idiom 0 speak out This means to tell others about something. Alternate translation: “tell about what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 107 2 ftq5 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of the enemy Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3990,7 +3990,7 @@ PSA 107 4 hnu5 0 on a desert road Alternate translation: “on a road that was
PSA 107 4 c3wb 0 in which to live Alternate translation: “that they could live in”
PSA 107 6 j2tf figs-explicit 0 Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 6 xe6n 0 their distress Alternate translation: “their difficulties” or “their afflictions”
PSA 107 8 cw6e figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 8 cw6e figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 8 a7ad 0 for humanity Alternate translation: “for all people”
PSA 107 9 v9jj 0 For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty Alternate translation: “For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty”
PSA 107 9 pk1w 0 the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things Alternate translation: “to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat”
@ -4005,7 +4005,7 @@ PSA 107 13 w6na 0 their distress “difficulties” or “afflictions.” See
PSA 107 13 qk74 figs-metaphor 0 he brought Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. Alternate translation: “he saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 107 14 h4hv 0 He brought them Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought those in prison”
PSA 107 14 ca58 figs-doublet 0 darkness and gloom Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:10](../107/010.md). Alternate translation: “complete darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 107 15 hl74 figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 15 hl74 figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 16 xw9f 0 For he Alternate translation: “because he”
PSA 107 16 a9c5 figs-parallelism 0 For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. Alternate translation: “He freed his people from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 17 cg19 0 They were foolish in their rebellious ways Alternate translation: “They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh”
@ -4013,7 +4013,7 @@ PSA 107 17 w525 figs-explicit 0 and afflicted “and they suffered.” Specific
PSA 107 18 qkk6 figs-metaphor 0 they came close to the gates of death Here the act of “dying” is described as a place, “the gates of death” Alternate translation: “they almost died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 107 19 h1yt figs-explicit 0 Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md). Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 107 20 q29l figs-personification 0 He sent his word and healed them Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. This could mean: (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 107 21 b9jy figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 21 b9jy figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 22 qpm7 0 of thanksgiving Alternate translation: “that show that they are thankful”
PSA 107 22 ct4t 0 in singing Alternate translation: “by singing about them”
PSA 107 23 w4vq figs-explicit 0 and do business overseas They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. Alternate translation: “selling things in cities far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -4029,7 +4029,7 @@ PSA 107 28 jw4k 0 he brought them Alternate translation: “he guided them”
PSA 107 29 yp9j 0 He calmed the storm Alternate translation: “He made the wind stop”
PSA 107 29 ca97 figs-activepassive 0 the waves were stilled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he made the waves still” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 107 30 pch1 0 their desired harbor Alternate translation: “to the harbor where they wanted to go”
PSA 107 31 bw2u figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 31 bw2u figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 32 r3mg 0 praise him in the council of the elders “when the elders sit together.” The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community.
PSA 107 33 ni1b 0 He turns Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes”
PSA 107 34 d8df 0 because of the wickedness of its people Alternate translation: “because the people that live there are wicked”
@ -4053,7 +4053,7 @@ PSA 107 42 j8l2 figs-nominaladj 0 The upright This refers to people who live in
PSA 107 42 pa98 figs-metonymy 0 all wickedness Here wicked people are referred to as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “all wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 107 42 s6wb figs-idiom 0 shuts its mouth This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: “has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 107 43 fk8h figs-idiom 0 take note of these things This means to think about these things. Alternate translation: “think about these things” or “remember these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 107 43 u9kq figs-abstractnouns 0 meditate on Yahwehs acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 107 43 u9kq figs-abstractnouns 0 meditate on Yahwehs acts of covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 108 intro vpj5 0 # Psalm 18 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 108 is a psalm of war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victory<br>God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.
PSA 108 1 lxd7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 108 1 c1mr figs-synecdoche 0 My heart is fixed, God Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word “fixed” means to trust completely. Alternate translation: “My heart is fixed on you, God” or “I am trusting completely in you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -4111,7 +4111,7 @@ PSA 109 14 k5nj figs-activepassive 0 May his ancestors sins be mentioned to
PSA 109 14 hen7 figs-activepassive 0 may the sin of his mother not be forgotten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May you not forget the sins that his mother committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 109 15 bg71 figs-metaphor 0 May their guilt always be before Yahweh Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh continually think about their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 109 15 g7c5 figs-metonymy 0 may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth David uses the word “earth” to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase “their memory” refers to people remembering them after they have died. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 109 16 yx2x figs-explicit 0 this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people” or “this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 109 16 yx2x figs-explicit 0 this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people” or “this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 109 16 x4b8 figs-nominaladj 0 the oppressed, the needy This refers to oppressed and needy people. Alternate translation: “oppressed people, needy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 109 16 ju66 figs-nominaladj 0 the disheartened This refers to people who are disheartened. Alternate translation: “disheartened people” or “people who have lost hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 109 16 qim3 0 to death “until they died.” This means that he harassed them until they died.
@ -4126,7 +4126,7 @@ PSA 109 19 j7lw figs-ellipsis 0 like the belt he always wears The words “may
PSA 109 20 l5zl 0 May this be the reward Alternate translation: “May these curses be the reward”
PSA 109 21 a7fj figs-idiom 0 deal kindly with me This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. Alternate translation: “treat me kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 109 21 zbn1 0 your names sake Alternate translation: “the sake of your reputation”
PSA 109 21 qx2e figs-abstractnouns 0 Because your covenant faithfulness is good The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 109 21 qx2e figs-abstractnouns 0 Because your covenant faithfulness is good If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 109 22 c385 figs-doublet 0 oppressed and needy These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 109 22 b3t9 figs-metaphor 0 my heart is wounded within me Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. Alternate translation: “I am full of grief and despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 109 23 gx1w figs-metaphor 0 I am fading away like the shadow … like a locust David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. Alternate translation: “I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4135,7 +4135,7 @@ PSA 109 24 v9cy 0 from fasting Alternate translation: “because I am not eati
PSA 109 24 i7xf figs-idiom 0 I am turning to skin and bones This means that he has lost a lot of weight. Alternate translation: “my body has become very thin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 109 25 li9g figs-activepassive 0 I am disdained by my accusers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My accusers ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 109 25 qvc7 0 shake their heads This is an act of disapproval.
PSA 109 26 u86i figs-abstractnouns 0 save me by your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 109 26 u86i figs-abstractnouns 0 save me by your covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 109 27 hv1a 0 May they know The word “they” refers to Davids accusers and the people who say bad things about him.
PSA 109 27 j58d 0 have done this Alternate translation: “have saved me”
PSA 109 28 acp8 0 Though they curse me The word “they” refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him.
@ -4290,15 +4290,15 @@ PSA 116 19 hv6v figs-personification 0 in your midst, Jerusalem The writer spea
PSA 117 intro kfu1 0 # Psalm 117 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
PSA 117 1 wmd2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 117 2 ce43 0 For his Alternate translation: “Because his”
PSA 117 2 t4z5 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness is great toward us The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 117 2 t4z5 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness is great toward us If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 117 2 uht9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh remains trustworthy forever” or “Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 intro z9au 0 # Psalm 118 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rejected stone<br>The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiahs rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
PSA 118 1 g414 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 118 1 af6g 0 Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good Alternate translation: “Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does”
PSA 118 1 qcw2 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 1 qcw2 figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 2 zs4m figs-metonymy 0 Let Israel say The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Israel say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 118 3 cy9b figs-metonymy 0 Let the house of Aaron say Here the word “house” represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “Let the descendants of Aaron say” or “Let the priests say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 118 3 iu6a figs-abstractnouns 0 His covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “He remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 3 iu6a figs-abstractnouns 0 His covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “He remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 4 e43s 0 the loyal followers of Yahweh Alternate translation: “those who fear Yahweh” or “those who worship Yahweh”
PSA 118 5 j39j figs-metaphor 0 set me free The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 118 6 eux4 figs-rquestion 0 what can man do to me? The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is nothing that man can do to hurt him since Yahweh is with him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “people cannot do anything to harm me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -4335,7 +4335,7 @@ PSA 118 27 r4wh 0 bind the sacrifice with cords Alternate translation: “tie
PSA 118 28 rb4j 0 You are my God Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly.
PSA 118 29 b2wp figs-exclamations 0 Oh This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 118 29 vx5j 0 give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good “thank Yahweh because of the good things he does.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1](../118/001.md).
PSA 118 29 k1qj figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 118 29 k1qj figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 118:1-2](./001.md). Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 intro yf89 0 # Psalm 119 General Notes<br>## Formatting in this chapter<br><br>This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet.<br><br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Law<br>The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 119 1 ipj6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 119 1 r86i 0 Blessed are those Alternate translation: “How good it is for those”
@ -4451,8 +4451,8 @@ PSA 119 72 l1f9 0 than thousands of pieces of gold and silver This can be stat
PSA 119 73 hf5d figs-metaphor 0 Your hands have made and fashioned me God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 119 73 wc9b figs-metonymy 0 Your hands Here “hands” represents Gods power or action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 119 74 u7a8 0 because I find hope in your word Alternate translation: “because I trust what you say” or “I confidently believe what you say”
PSA 119 75 zx24 figs-abstractnouns 0 in faithfulness you afflicted me God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you punished me because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 76 zzf3 figs-abstractnouns 0 Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 75 zx24 figs-abstractnouns 0 in faithfulness you afflicted me God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you punished me because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 76 zzf3 figs-abstractnouns 0 Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 76 k57e figs-123person 0 your servant The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “me, your servant” or “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 119 78 j2en figs-activepassive 0 Let the proud be put to shame If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Put the proud to shame” or “Cause those who are proud to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 119 78 l2cs figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “proud people” or “those who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -4549,7 +4549,7 @@ PSA 119 145 fux2 figs-synecdoche 0 with my whole heart The psalmist speaks of h
PSA 119 146 g5gk 0 covenant decrees Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.”See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md).
PSA 119 147 kg9u 0 dawn of the morning Alternate translation: “before the sun first appears”
PSA 119 148 c1n8 figs-idiom 0 My eyes are open before the night watches change This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three “watches” or periods. Alternate translation: “I am awake all night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 119 149 uw93 figs-abstractnouns 0 in your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 149 uw93 figs-abstractnouns 0 in your covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 150 r7sh 0 they are far from your law Alternate translation: “they have strayed from your law” or “they do not pay any attention to your laws”
PSA 119 151 l238 0 all your commandments are trustworthy Alternate translation: “I can trust your commandments”
PSA 119 152 tc7x 0 covenant decrees Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 78:5](../078/005.md)
@ -4566,7 +4566,7 @@ PSA 119 157 n1r7 0 covenant decrees Other possible meanings are “testimonies
PSA 119 158 keb9 figs-nominaladj 0 the treacherous The adjective “treacherous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who betray me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 119 158 fs8u 0 do not keep Alternate translation: “do not obey”
PSA 119 159 rv26 0 See Alternate translation: “Look at me so you can see”
PSA 119 159 r1n2 figs-abstractnouns 0 by your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 159 r1n2 figs-abstractnouns 0 by your covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 119 160 iir8 0 The essence of your word is truth Alternate translation: “Your word is completely true” or “Your word can be trusted”
PSA 119 161 tq5i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart stands in awe of your word The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 119 162 n1dy 0 plunder This could mean: (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.”
@ -4632,7 +4632,7 @@ PSA 122 7 d4tc figs-synecdoche 0 within the walls that defend you … within yo
PSA 122 8 hz78 figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 122 8 i3zr 0 For the sake Alternate translation: “For the well-being”
PSA 122 8 b3mx 0 May there be peace within you Alternate translation: “May the people in you live in peace”
PSA 122 9 nt39 0 I will seek good for you The abstract noun “good” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will pray that people treat you well”
PSA 122 9 nt39 0 I will seek good for you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **good**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will pray that people treat you well”
PSA 123 intro vet5 0 # Psalm 123 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
PSA 123 1 iym8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 123 1 ja7b figs-metonymy 0 I lift up my eyes Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. Alternate translation: “I look to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -4641,8 +4641,8 @@ PSA 123 2 kyd5 figs-parallelism 0 as the eyes of servants … as the eyes of a
PSA 123 2 xe43 figs-metonymy 0 masters hand … mistresss hand Here “hand” refers to the provision for needs. Alternate translation: “masters provision … mistresss provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 123 2 av8s 0 maid servant girl
PSA 123 2 cs6v 0 mistress woman who has authority over servant girls
PSA 123 2 kj4j figs-abstractnouns 0 has mercy on us The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 123 3 e5sh figs-abstractnouns 0 Have mercy on us The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 123:2](../123/002.md). Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 123 2 kj4j figs-abstractnouns 0 has mercy on us If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mercy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 123 3 e5sh figs-abstractnouns 0 Have mercy on us If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mercy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 123:2](../123/002.md). Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 123 3 rn1x figs-metaphor 0 we are filled with humiliation Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. “we are very disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 123 4 h3h7 figs-idiom 0 We are more than full This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. Alternate translation: “We have had too much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 123 4 fq81 figs-parallelism 0 of the scoffing … and with the contempt There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -4808,13 +4808,13 @@ PSA 135 21 l26a figs-metonymy 0 he who lives in Jerusalem God is spoken of as i
PSA 136 intro wah2 0 # Psalm 136 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel blessed<br>God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
PSA 136 1 my49 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 136 1 ra72 figs-exclamations 0 Oh This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PSA 136 1 f89e figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 136 1 f89e figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 136 2 f8xr figs-idiom 0 the God of gods the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 136 5 f8eu 0 by wisdom That is, because he is wise.
PSA 136 6 x27a 0 spread out the earth above the waters The ancient Israelites thought that the earths dry land was on top of the sea. Alternate translation: “placed the earth over the waters”
PSA 136 7 wi2k 0 great lights This is a reference to the sources of light for the earth, especially the sun and the moon. Alternate translation: “the sun and the moon and the stars”
PSA 136 8 f4vg figs-metaphor 0 to rule by day The sun is spoken of as if it were a king. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 136 8 h1q9 figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](../136/001.md). Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 136 8 h1q9 figs-abstractnouns 0 for his covenant faithfulness endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 136:1](../136/001.md). Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 136 9 m4de figs-metaphor 0 to rule by night The moon, and stars are spoken of as if they were kings. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 136 11 v395 0 from among them Alternate translation: “from among the people of Egypt”
PSA 136 12 eaa4 figs-metaphor 0 with a strong hand and a raised arm Here “hand” and “arm” represent power. Alternate translation: “with great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4852,7 +4852,7 @@ PSA 138 1 hm3q figs-metonymy 0 I will give you thanks with my whole heart The h
PSA 138 1 eq6r 0 before the gods This could mean: (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.”
PSA 138 2 bda1 translate-symaction 0 I will bow down Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PSA 138 2 p2fj figs-metonymy 0 give thanks to your name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 2 t3ms figs-abstractnouns 0 for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 2 t3ms figs-abstractnouns 0 for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 2 wkx6 0 your word Alternate translation: “what you have said” or “your commands and promises”
PSA 138 2 m6ju figs-metonymy 0 your name This could mean: (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 138 4 zpz8 figs-synecdoche 0 your mouth This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -4862,7 +4862,7 @@ PSA 138 7 se2w 0 walk live, exist
PSA 138 7 wu4n figs-metaphor 0 in the middle of danger Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 138 7 ez6k figs-metaphor 0 you will reach out with your hand against the anger of my enemies God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 138 7 uh62 figs-abstractnouns 0 anger of my enemies If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “my enemies, who are angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 8 uma6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 8 uma6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 138 8 hc8j 0 the ones whom your hands have made This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel.
PSA 138 8 m81b figs-metaphor 0 your hands have made God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. Alternate translation: “you have created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 139 intro spl6 0 # Psalm 139 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods care<br>God created the psalmist in his mothers womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.
@ -4994,7 +4994,7 @@ PSA 143 7 r837 figs-personification 0 my spirit faints Here the “spirit” re
PSA 143 7 h5nt 0 Do not hide your face from me This is a request. “I beg you not to hide from me” or “Please, do not hide from me”
PSA 143 7 t1s2 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hide your face from me The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen to me” or “Please listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 143 7 yh17 figs-euphemism 0 I will become like those who go down into the pit Here the word “pit” refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “I will become just another dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 143 8 cbz8 figs-abstractnouns 0 Let me hear your covenant faithfulness “Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 8 cbz8 figs-abstractnouns 0 Let me hear your covenant faithfulness “Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 8 z9rb 0 in the morning This could mean: (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day.
PSA 143 8 aut8 0 Show me Alternate translation: “Tell me”
PSA 143 8 e86d figs-metaphor 0 the way where I should walk The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “how you want me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -5005,7 +5005,7 @@ PSA 143 10 u2i6 figs-metaphor 0 lead me in the land of uprightness This could m
PSA 143 10 kpf6 figs-metaphor 0 the land of uprightness This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 143 11 drk5 figs-metonymy 0 for your names sake Yahwehs name represents his reputation and character. Alternate translation: “because of who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 143 12 d1cl 0 the enemies of my life Alternate translation: “the enemies who want to take my life”
PSA 143 12 wp4f figs-abstractnouns 0 In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies “Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 12 wp4f figs-abstractnouns 0 In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies “Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 143 12 wl46 figs-metonymy 0 the enemies of my life “the enemies of my soul.” My “life” may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 144 intro j9c6 0 # Psalm 144 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Safety<br>Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.
PSA 144 1 kh8j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -5051,7 +5051,7 @@ PSA 145 1 p5ni figs-metonymy 0 bless your name The word “name” is a metonym
PSA 145 2 q3yg figs-metonymy 0 praise your name The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise you” or “tell people how great you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 145 4 b492 0 your mighty actions Alternate translation: “the things you can do because you are strong”
PSA 145 7 ri73 0 declare your abounding goodness Alternate translation: “tell others how very good you are”
PSA 145 8 jqk7 figs-metaphor 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “completely faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 145 8 jqk7 figs-metaphor 0 abounding in covenant faithfulness The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “completely faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 145 9 k61r 0 his tender mercies are over all his works Alternate translation: “people can see him showing mercy in everything he does”
PSA 145 10 v1rj 0 All you have made will give thanks Alternate translation: “All the people you have made will give thanks” or “It will be as if everything you have made will give you thanks”
PSA 145 13 yys6 0 endures throughout all generations Alternate translation: “remains forever”
@ -5062,7 +5062,7 @@ PSA 145 16 b2bx 0 satisfy the desire of every living thing Alternate translati
PSA 145 17 h9wa 0 Yahweh is righteous in all his ways Alternate translation: “People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous”
PSA 145 17 h24t 0 faithful in all he does Alternate translation: “and he is gracious in all he does” or “people can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is gracious”
PSA 145 18 kq17 figs-metaphor 0 is near to all those who call to him Here “is near” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “is always ready to help all those who call to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 145 18 v98h figs-abstractnouns 0 to all who call to him in trustworthiness The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “to all who tell only the truth when they pray” or “to all whom he trusts when they pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 145 18 v98h figs-abstractnouns 0 to all who call to him in trustworthiness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trustworthiness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to all who tell only the truth when they pray” or “to all whom he trusts when they pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 145 21 asw2 figs-synecdoche 0 My mouth will speak Here the words “My mouth” represent the one speaking. Alternate translation: “I will speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 145 21 t2tr 0 will speak out the praise of Yahweh Alternate translation: “tell everyone how good Yahweh is”
PSA 145 21 nc4f figs-metonymy 0 let all mankind bless his holy name The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in [Psalms 72:19](../072/019.md). Alternate translation: “let all people bless him” or “let all people do what makes him happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ PRO 1 2 iaq1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to teach wisdom and instruction This can be r
PRO 1 2 rs3p 0 to teach words of insight Alternate translation: “to help you understand wise teachings”
PRO 1 3 ew1z figs-you 0 that you may receive Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PRO 1 3 aun5 figs-abstractnouns 0 may receive instruction in order to live This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 1 4 be4c figs-abstractnouns 0 are also to give wisdom to the naive This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 1 4 be4c figs-abstractnouns 0 are also to give wisdom to the naive This can be reworded so that If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 1 4 j62d 0 naive inexperienced or immature
PRO 1 4 p2ca figs-abstractnouns 0 to give knowledge and discretion to young people The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 1 4 wxv5 0 discretion knowing what should be done in a particular situation
@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ PRO 13 15 up13 figs-nominaladj 0 the treacherous This nominal adjective can be
PRO 13 16 g6vs figs-metaphor 0 a fool parades his folly To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 13 17 h4gr 0 falls into trouble Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
PRO 13 17 pfh6 0 a faithful envoy Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
PRO 13 18 m4d7 figs-abstractnouns 0 learns from correction The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 13 18 m4d7 figs-abstractnouns 0 learns from correction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **correction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 13 19 h11i 0 is sweet Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy”
PRO 13 19 fv8k 0 the appetite the desire or liking for something
PRO 13 20 k77z 0 will suffer harm Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
@ -1390,9 +1390,9 @@ PRO 23 6 su9w 0 do not crave “do not strongly desire.” See how you transla
PRO 23 6 jtt7 0 his delicacies “his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
PRO 23 7 lbe8 figs-idiom 0 his heart is not with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 23 8 aw14 figs-hyperbole 0 You will vomit up the little you have eaten This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO 23 8 z3l6 figs-metaphor 0 you will have wasted your compliments Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 23 8 z3l6 figs-metaphor 0 you will have wasted your compliments Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 23 9 nk6j 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 9 u4q5 figs-abstractnouns 0 in the hearing of a fool The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 23 9 u4q5 figs-abstractnouns 0 in the hearing of a fool If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 23 10 iha4 0 ancient very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
PRO 23 10 de8r 0 boundary stone This is a large stone to show where one persons land ends and another persons land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
PRO 23 10 a9cb 0 encroach This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ PRO 23 12 v2r3 0 instruction This could mean: (1) “what people who know what
PRO 23 12 jul6 figs-ellipsis 0 your ears The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO 23 12 gn45 0 to words of knowledge Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know”
PRO 23 13 c9zs 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 23 13 qfa7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Do not withhold instruction from a child The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 23 13 qfa7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Do not withhold instruction from a child If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 23 13 r8dq 0 withhold refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
PRO 23 14 jx2r 0 rod piece of wood
PRO 23 14 e27r 0 It is you who must beat him … and save his soul “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the childs soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
@ -1461,13 +1461,13 @@ PRO 24 2 m8px figs-synecdoche 0 their lips The words “their lips” refer to
PRO 24 2 es5l 0 talk about trouble Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
PRO 24 3 f9id 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 24 3 hiy4 figs-abstractnouns 0 Through wisdom a house is built The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 24 3 q4cp figs-abstractnouns 0 by understanding it is established The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 24 3 q4cp figs-abstractnouns 0 by understanding it is established If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 24 3 mq3v figs-metonymy 0 it is established The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 24 4 ry4y figs-abstractnouns 0 By knowledge the rooms are filled The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 24 4 ry4y figs-abstractnouns 0 By knowledge the rooms are filled If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 24 5 gah6 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO 24 5 gya2 figs-abstractnouns 0 warrior of wisdom The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 24 5 gya2 figs-abstractnouns 0 warrior of wisdom If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 24 5 my2f figs-abstractnouns 0 a man of knowledge increases his strength The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 24 6 i9sa figs-abstractnouns 0 by wise direction The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 24 6 i9sa figs-abstractnouns 0 by wise direction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 24 6 e43z 0 wage your war Alternate translation: “fight your war”
PRO 24 6 nll1 0 advisors those who tell government officials what those officials should do
PRO 24 7 ten9 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
@ -1481,7 +1481,7 @@ PRO 24 11 t92q 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayi
PRO 24 11 xc8k figs-activepassive 0 those who are being taken away These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 24 11 n8k2 0 taken away Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
PRO 24 11 ru95 0 staggering walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
PRO 24 11 kl46 figs-abstractnouns 0 the slaughter The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 24 11 kl46 figs-abstractnouns 0 the slaughter If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 24 12 k5el 0 If you say, “Behold,…this,” does The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, Behold,…this, but does”
PRO 24 12 akd7 0 Behold, we Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
PRO 24 12 yi61 figs-rquestion 0 does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ PRO 27 4 srl1 figs-metaphor 0 the flood of anger “the destructiveness of ange
PRO 27 4 nh38 figs-rquestion 0 but who is able to stand before jealousy? This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 27 4 inj9 figs-metaphor 0 to stand before jealousy Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 27 5 yva8 figs-abstractnouns 0 Better is an open rebuke The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 27 5 pz3x figs-abstractnouns 0 than hidden love “than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 27 5 pz3x figs-abstractnouns 0 than hidden love “than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 27 6 d5v5 figs-metaphor 0 Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend “The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 27 6 uw1k figs-metonymy 0 Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend The trustworthiness of a friends rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friends rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 27 6 wzd4 figs-explicit 0 but an enemy may kiss you profusely It can be stated clearly that the enemys kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemys many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ PRO 27 26 j2vp figs-explicit 0 the goats will provide the price of the field Th
PRO 27 27 q28m figs-explicit 0 nourishment for your servant girls The implied information is that there will also be enough goats milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goats milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 27 27 xjw4 0 nourishment Alternate translation: “food”
PRO 28 intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO 28 2 b4c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of the transgression of a land The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 2 b4c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of the transgression of a land If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 2 qks4 figs-metonymy 0 the transgression of a land This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 28 2 ivf7 figs-explicit 0 with a man of understanding and knowledge The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 3 tx2c 0 who oppresses Alternate translation: “who severely mistreats”
@ -1758,9 +1758,9 @@ PRO 28 14 ebu1 figs-idiom 0 hardens his heart This is an idiom that means to be
PRO 28 14 l7ee figs-metaphor 0 will fall into trouble This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 28 15 z8ti figs-simile 0 Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO 28 15 x5l1 translate-unknown 0 a charging bear A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PRO 28 16 et9j figs-abstractnouns 0 The ruler who lacks understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 16 et9j figs-abstractnouns 0 The ruler who lacks understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 16 az95 0 oppressor a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
PRO 28 16 lv7n figs-abstractnouns 0 the one who hates dishonesty The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 16 lv7n figs-abstractnouns 0 the one who hates dishonesty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dishonesty**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 28 17 rm8g figs-metonymy 0 he has shed someones blood Here “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 28 17 v592 0 fugitive a person who is running away to avoid being captured
@ -1828,8 +1828,8 @@ PRO 29 14 x486 figs-metonymy 0 his throne The throne is a metonym for the kingd
PRO 29 15 ybi8 figs-personification 0 The rod and reproof give wisdom The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 29 15 p19z figs-metonymy 0 The rod Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO 29 15 m43w 0 reproof When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
PRO 29 16 th5t figs-abstractnouns 0 transgression increases The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 29 16 ha78 figs-abstractnouns 0 the downfall of those wicked people The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 29 16 th5t figs-abstractnouns 0 transgression increases If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 29 16 ha78 figs-abstractnouns 0 the downfall of those wicked people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 29 18 s41b figs-activepassive 0 the one who keeps the law is blessed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 29 19 kl1y figs-activepassive 0 A slave will not be corrected by words This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 29 20 qfr9 figs-rquestion 0 See a man who is hasty in his words? The writer is using a question to get the readers attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1853,8 +1853,8 @@ PRO 30 1 v8qt 0 Agur son of Jakeh This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a gran
PRO 30 1 ic3d 0 the utterance Alternate translation: “the message”
PRO 30 1 y7qf 0 to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
PRO 30 2 n4d9 0 Surely Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
PRO 30 2 ij38 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not have the understanding of a human being The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 30 3 ln5f figs-abstractnouns 0 nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 30 2 ij38 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not have the understanding of a human being If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 30 3 ln5f figs-abstractnouns 0 nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 30 4 kw1a figs-rquestion 0 Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 30 4 eb1b 0 heaven where God lives
PRO 30 4 bz7z figs-metaphor 0 gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
6 PRO 1 2 rs3p 0 to teach words of insight Alternate translation: “to help you understand wise teachings”
7 PRO 1 3 ew1z figs-you 0 that you may receive Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
8 PRO 1 3 aun5 figs-abstractnouns 0 may receive instruction in order to live This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9 PRO 1 4 be4c figs-abstractnouns 0 are also to give wisdom to the naive This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be reworded so that If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10 PRO 1 4 j62d 0 naive inexperienced or immature
11 PRO 1 4 p2ca figs-abstractnouns 0 to give knowledge and discretion to young people The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12 PRO 1 4 wxv5 0 discretion knowing what should be done in a particular situation
740 PRO 13 16 g6vs figs-metaphor 0 a fool parades his folly To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
741 PRO 13 17 h4gr 0 falls into trouble Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
742 PRO 13 17 pfh6 0 a faithful envoy Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
743 PRO 13 18 m4d7 figs-abstractnouns 0 learns from correction The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **correction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
744 PRO 13 19 h11i 0 is sweet Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy”
745 PRO 13 19 fv8k 0 the appetite the desire or liking for something
746 PRO 13 20 k77z 0 will suffer harm Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
1390 PRO 23 6 jtt7 0 his delicacies “his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
1391 PRO 23 7 lbe8 figs-idiom 0 his heart is not with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1392 PRO 23 8 aw14 figs-hyperbole 0 You will vomit up the little you have eaten This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1393 PRO 23 8 z3l6 figs-metaphor 0 you will have wasted your compliments Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1394 PRO 23 9 nk6j 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1395 PRO 23 9 u4q5 figs-abstractnouns 0 in the hearing of a fool The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1396 PRO 23 10 iha4 0 ancient very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
1397 PRO 23 10 de8r 0 boundary stone This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
1398 PRO 23 10 a9cb 0 encroach This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
1405 PRO 23 12 jul6 figs-ellipsis 0 your ears The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1406 PRO 23 12 gn45 0 to words of knowledge Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know”
1407 PRO 23 13 c9zs 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1408 PRO 23 13 qfa7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Do not withhold instruction from a child The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1409 PRO 23 13 r8dq 0 withhold refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
1410 PRO 23 14 jx2r 0 rod piece of wood
1411 PRO 23 14 e27r 0 It is you who must beat him … and save his soul “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
1461 PRO 24 2 es5l 0 talk about trouble Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
1462 PRO 24 3 f9id 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1463 PRO 24 3 hiy4 figs-abstractnouns 0 Through wisdom a house is built The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1464 PRO 24 3 q4cp figs-abstractnouns 0 by understanding it is established The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1465 PRO 24 3 mq3v figs-metonymy 0 it is established The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1466 PRO 24 4 ry4y figs-abstractnouns 0 By knowledge the rooms are filled The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1467 PRO 24 5 gah6 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1468 PRO 24 5 gya2 figs-abstractnouns 0 warrior of wisdom The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1469 PRO 24 5 my2f figs-abstractnouns 0 a man of knowledge increases his strength The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1470 PRO 24 6 i9sa figs-abstractnouns 0 by wise direction The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1471 PRO 24 6 e43z 0 wage your war Alternate translation: “fight your war”
1472 PRO 24 6 nll1 0 advisors those who tell government officials what those officials should do
1473 PRO 24 7 ten9 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1481 PRO 24 11 xc8k figs-activepassive 0 those who are being taken away These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1482 PRO 24 11 n8k2 0 taken away Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
1483 PRO 24 11 ru95 0 staggering walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
1484 PRO 24 11 kl46 figs-abstractnouns 0 the slaughter The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1485 PRO 24 12 k5el 0 If you say, “Behold,…this,” does The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold,…this,’ but does”
1486 PRO 24 12 akd7 0 Behold, we Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
1487 PRO 24 12 yi61 figs-rquestion 0 does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1647 PRO 27 4 nh38 figs-rquestion 0 but who is able to stand before jealousy? This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1648 PRO 27 4 inj9 figs-metaphor 0 to stand before jealousy Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1649 PRO 27 5 yva8 figs-abstractnouns 0 Better is an open rebuke The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1650 PRO 27 5 pz3x figs-abstractnouns 0 than hidden love “than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) “than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1651 PRO 27 6 d5v5 figs-metaphor 0 Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend “The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1652 PRO 27 6 uw1k figs-metonymy 0 Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1653 PRO 27 6 wzd4 figs-explicit 0 but an enemy may kiss you profusely It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1704 PRO 27 27 q28m figs-explicit 0 nourishment for your servant girls The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1705 PRO 27 27 xjw4 0 nourishment Alternate translation: “food”
1706 PRO 28 intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1707 PRO 28 2 b4c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of the transgression of a land The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1708 PRO 28 2 qks4 figs-metonymy 0 the transgression of a land This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1709 PRO 28 2 ivf7 figs-explicit 0 with a man of understanding and knowledge The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1710 PRO 28 3 tx2c 0 who oppresses Alternate translation: “who severely mistreats”
1758 PRO 28 14 l7ee figs-metaphor 0 will fall into trouble This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1759 PRO 28 15 z8ti figs-simile 0 Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1760 PRO 28 15 x5l1 translate-unknown 0 a charging bear A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1761 PRO 28 16 et9j figs-abstractnouns 0 The ruler who lacks understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1762 PRO 28 16 az95 0 oppressor a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
1763 PRO 28 16 lv7n figs-abstractnouns 0 the one who hates dishonesty The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dishonesty**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1764 PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1765 PRO 28 17 rm8g figs-metonymy 0 he has shed someone’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1766 PRO 28 17 v592 0 fugitive a person who is running away to avoid being captured
1828 PRO 29 15 ybi8 figs-personification 0 The rod and reproof give wisdom The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1829 PRO 29 15 p19z figs-metonymy 0 The rod Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1830 PRO 29 15 m43w 0 reproof When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
1831 PRO 29 16 th5t figs-abstractnouns 0 transgression increases The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1832 PRO 29 16 ha78 figs-abstractnouns 0 the downfall of those wicked people The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1833 PRO 29 18 s41b figs-activepassive 0 the one who keeps the law is blessed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1834 PRO 29 19 kl1y figs-activepassive 0 A slave will not be corrected by words This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1835 PRO 29 20 qfr9 figs-rquestion 0 See a man who is hasty in his words? The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1853 PRO 30 1 ic3d 0 the utterance Alternate translation: “the message”
1854 PRO 30 1 y7qf 0 to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
1855 PRO 30 2 n4d9 0 Surely Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
1856 PRO 30 2 ij38 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not have the understanding of a human being The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1857 PRO 30 3 ln5f figs-abstractnouns 0 nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1858 PRO 30 4 kw1a figs-rquestion 0 Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1859 PRO 30 4 eb1b 0 heaven where God lives
1860 PRO 30 4 bz7z figs-metaphor 0 gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ ISA 1 15 l6q5 figs-metonymy 0 your hands are full of blood This is the reason t
ISA 1 16 tc5d figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahwehs words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 1 16 kug1 figs-metaphor 0 Wash, cleanse yourselves Here God compares a person who stops sinning with one who washes his body. Alternate translation: “Repent and wash the sin from your heart like you wash the dirt from your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 16 i5wc figs-metaphor 0 remove the evil of your deeds from my sight God was not telling them to do their evil deeds somewhere else, but to stop doing them. Alternate translation: “stop doing the evil deeds that I see you doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 1 17 h8bt figs-metaphor 0 make straight the oppression God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. The abstract noun “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 1 17 h8bt figs-metaphor 0 make straight the oppression God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **oppression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 1 17 btn7 0 give justice to the fatherless Alternate translation: “be fair to the children who do not have fathers”
ISA 1 17 q1c7 0 defend the widow Alternate translation: “protect the women whose husbands have died”
ISA 1 18 nj1x 0 Come now, and let Yahweh graciously and lovingly invites the people to listen to what he is about to say. “Please listen to me. Let” or “Pay attention; I want to help you. Let”
@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ ISA 10 24 ww5n figs-personification 0 the Assyrian Isaiah speaks of the king of
ISA 10 24 i2ep figs-metaphor 0 He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you The words “rod” and “staff” refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to beat animals and other people. Isaiah speaks of the way the Assyrians will rule over the Israelites as if the Assyrians were beating the Israelites with clubs. Alternate translation: “He will rule over you and make slaves of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 24 an2d figs-synecdoche 0 He will strike The word “He” refers to “the Assyrian” which represents the king of Assyria and his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army will strike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 10 24 l3xf figs-explicit 0 as the Egyptians did The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 10 25 w374 figs-abstractnouns 0 my anger will lead to his destruction The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will destroy him because I am angry with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 10 25 w374 figs-abstractnouns 0 my anger will lead to his destruction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy him because I am angry with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 10 26 h791 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
ISA 10 26 fnc8 figs-metaphor 0 will wield a whip against them “will beat the Assyrians with a whip.” God will not really use a whip. This refers to Gods power to punish the Assyrians severely. Alternate translation: “will punish the Assyrians severely as if with a whip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 10 26 zpq7 translate-names 0 as when he defeated Midian at the rock of Oreb This refers to when God helped a man named Gideon defeat the army of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -2932,7 +2932,7 @@ ISA 54 12 v6lh 0 I will make … beautiful stones Yahweh describes in ideal te
ISA 54 12 d32a translate-unknown 0 rubies These precious gemstones are red to pink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 54 13 zt6p figs-activepassive 0 Then all your children will be taught by Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will teach all your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 13 e6ul figs-123person 0 by Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “by me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 54 14 e2ru figs-abstractnouns 0 In righteousness you will be established The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 14 e2ru figs-abstractnouns 0 In righteousness you will be established If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 14 rk6l 0 it will not come near to you No one in the city or outsiders will ever terrify the inhabitants of Jerusalem again.
ISA 54 15 h4z4 0 General Information: Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 15 hxz5 figs-idiom 0 stirs up trouble This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “causes trouble” or “troubles you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ JER 5 6 qkm7 0 thicket a set of bushes that grew closely together.
JER 5 6 a7xd 0 wolf a large wild dangerous dog
JER 5 6 nb63 0 lurking watching for an opportunity to attack
JER 5 6 jm2c 0 panther a large wild dangerous cat
JER 5 6 eb17 figs-abstractnouns 0 For their transgressions increase The abstract noun “transgressions” can be translated with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 5 6 eb17 figs-abstractnouns 0 For their transgressions increase If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgressions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 5 6 bl92 figs-abstractnouns 0 Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 5 7 tgq4 figs-rquestion 0 Why should I pardon these people? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 7 i1na 0 these people the people of Jerusalem
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ JER 7 4 e2w3 figs-rpronouns 0 Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and sa
JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 7 5 yex8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 5 b71h 0 make your ways and practices good “improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
JER 7 5 s949 figs-abstractnouns 0 completely execute justice The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 5 s949 figs-abstractnouns 0 completely execute justice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 6 f96n 0 do not exploit the one Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner”
JER 7 6 klb1 0 orphan child whose parents have died
JER 7 6 ivv5 figs-metonymy 0 pour out innocent blood Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ JER 7 18 sq9a 0 will provoke me Alternate translation: “will anger me”
JER 7 19 ia89 0 General Information: In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
JER 7 19 t7ze 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
JER 7 19 ta4u figs-rquestion 0 is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them? This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER 7 19 jj5b figs-abstractnouns 0 shame is on them The abstract noun “shame” can be translated using the verb “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 19 jj5b figs-abstractnouns 0 shame is on them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 20 ccj2 0 See This word is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 7 20 ta7u figs-idiom 0 my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 20 xv82 figs-doublet 0 anger and wrath These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahwehs anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ JER 7 27 m2j2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his mes
JER 7 27 nc7q figs-parallelism 0 So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you. These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 7 28 y4p4 figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh its God Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 28 di1t figs-activepassive 0 Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 7 28 zj54 figs-abstractnouns 0 Truth is destroyed The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 28 zj54 figs-abstractnouns 0 Truth is destroyed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 29 d5yd 0 General Information: The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
JER 7 29 y4ae 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 7 29 rrp6 translate-symaction 0 Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ JER 7 33 tf93 0 to frighten them away Alternate translation: “to scare them
JER 7 34 cm8g 0 I will put an end to Alternate translation: “I will remove from”
JER 7 34 w3gl figs-doublet 0 the sound of joy and the sound of gladness These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 34 mbc1 figs-metonymy 0 the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 34 t5xh figs-abstractnouns 0 will become a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated using the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 7 34 t5xh figs-abstractnouns 0 will become a desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 intro b29a 0 # Jeremiah 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hyperbole<br>The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 8 1 w8bg 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
JER 8 1 x5ig 0 they will bring This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ JER 8 6 y22u 0 General Information: The words “they” and “them” in the
JER 8 6 v92n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 8 6 w5p2 figs-doublet 0 paid attention and listened These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 8 6 sg8t 0 did not speak right Alternate translation: “did not say what is right”
JER 8 6 i9mx figs-abstractnouns 0 for his wickedness The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated using the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 6 i9mx figs-abstractnouns 0 for his wickedness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 6 yw8x figs-explicit 0 What have I done? The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 6 g12y 0 go where they wish Alternate translation: “go their own way”
JER 8 6 r6ux figs-simile 0 like a stallion rushing toward battle The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ JER 8 6 j57y 0 stallion adult male horse
JER 8 7 j78m figs-explicit 0 Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 8 7 lsk2 translate-unknown 0 stork … doves, swifts, and cranes All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 8 7 i7xx figs-explicit 0 They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahwehs decrees The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahwehs decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 8 7 g1he figs-abstractnouns 0 They go on their migrations The abstract noun “migrations” can be translated using the verb “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 7 g1he figs-abstractnouns 0 They go on their migrations If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **migrations**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 8 8 qa8a 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER 8 8 n65d figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”? Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 8 8 g95l 0 How can you say The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ JER 21 10 sef1 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the king Here “hand” repres
JER 21 11 u3ev 0 Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
JER 21 11 l7p3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 12 nl9b figs-metonymy 0 House of David This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 12 s22h figs-abstractnouns 0 Bring about justice in the morning The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 21 12 s22h figs-abstractnouns 0 Bring about justice in the morning If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 21 12 l5bg figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 21 12 bpj8 figs-metaphor 0 my fury will go out like fire and burn Here Yahwehs punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 21 12 ph8p figs-metaphor 0 there is no one who can quench it Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahwehs punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@ JER 23 6 ls7f figs-metonymy 0 Judah will be rescued Here “Judah” refers to
JER 23 6 cl3x figs-activepassive 0 Judah will be rescued If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 23 6 y7s1 figs-metonymy 0 Israel will live in security Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 6 b9n9 0 he will be called this refers to the king
JER 23 6 tg6a figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh is our righteousness The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 23 6 tg6a figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh is our righteousness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 23 7 kss4 0 General Information: This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
JER 23 7 t4jx 0 see The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
JER 23 7 xb5a figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ JER 27 12 s392 0 Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon Being
JER 27 12 gls2 figs-you 0 Place your necks The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 27 13 dl31 figs-rquestion 0 Why will you die … king of Babylon? Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 27 14 dre5 0 Do not listen to the words Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
JER 27 15 xb8h figs-metonymy 0 they are prophesying deceit in my name The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahwehs power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun “deceit” can be translated as the verb “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 27 15 xb8h figs-metonymy 0 they are prophesying deceit in my name The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahwehs power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deceit**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 27 15 qnt1 0 I will drive you out Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
JER 27 16 cbz7 figs-activepassive 0 The objects belonging to Yahwehs house are being returned from Babylon now! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahwehs temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 27 17 sk8y figs-rquestion 0 Why should this city become a ruin? Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ JER 30 19 z7qu figs-activepassive 0 so they will not be humbled This can be tra
JER 30 20 tnn9 figs-activepassive 0 their assembly will be established before me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 21 nyu6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahwehs declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 23 u8p2 figs-metaphor 0 See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out This speaks of Gods anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 24 wc7x figs-abstractnouns 0 his hearts intentions The abstract noun “intentions” can be translated using the verb “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 30 24 wc7x figs-abstractnouns 0 his hearts intentions If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 31 intro r3ad 0 # Jeremiah 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37.<br><br>The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.<br><br>This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
JER 31 1 p3h6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 31 2 ht7e figs-idiom 0 The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ JER 31 12 s2y2 figs-simile 0 like a watered garden This means they will be stro
JER 31 12 d4iw figs-hyperbole 0 they will never again feel any more sorrow The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 31 13 f4jc 0 I will change their mourning into celebration The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
JER 31 13 z18g 0 I will change Alternate translation: “Yahweh will change”
JER 31 14 v9rm figs-abstractnouns 0 I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 14 v9rm figs-abstractnouns 0 I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 14 yp3m figs-123person 0 this is Yahwehs declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 15 gfw6 figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard in Ramah This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 15 qr6k figs-metonymy 0 It is Rachel weeping for her children Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ JER 32 30 e1kb figs-metaphor 0 since their youth A person being young is a meta
JER 32 30 qwp4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahwehs declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 31 fxx2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 32 31 u2mt figs-metonymy 0 this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 31 bcj1 figs-abstractnouns 0 has been a provocation of The abstract noun “provocation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 31 bcj1 figs-abstractnouns 0 has been a provocation of If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **provocation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 31 v1l3 0 It has been that right up to this present day Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
JER 32 31 hn3i figs-personification 0 from before my face The face is a metonym for the persons presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 33 tx7l translate-symaction 0 They turned their backs to me instead of their faces One turns ones face to someone to show that one is listening, and ones back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -2439,7 +2439,7 @@ JER 36 30 jp3b 0 into the heat of day Alternate translation: “so that it is
JER 36 30 ws5c 0 frost ice that forms on grass during cold nights
JER 36 31 bvh4 0 of you all Alternate translation: “of all of you”
JER 36 32 k5z6 figs-123person 0 Jeremiah took … Jeremiahs dictation Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 36 32 k1wh figs-abstractnouns 0 Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiahs dictation The abstract noun “dictation” can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 36 32 k1wh figs-abstractnouns 0 Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiahs dictation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dictation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 36 32 b4kt 0 burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
JER 36 32 mev6 figs-activepassive 0 Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 37 intro du3z 0 # Jeremiah 37 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br><br>Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with Gods original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
@ -2537,7 +2537,7 @@ JER 38 23 dti7 figs-activepassive 0 For all of your wives and children will be
JER 38 23 k3p7 figs-metonymy 0 will not escape from their hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 38 23 x21i figs-metonymy 0 You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 26 l1fb 0 Jonathan See how you translated this mans name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
JER 38 27 e9tl figs-abstractnouns 0 the conversation between Jeremiah and the king The abstract noun “conversation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 38 27 e9tl figs-abstractnouns 0 the conversation between Jeremiah and the king If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conversation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 38 28 kaj5 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the kings palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 38 28 l5rj figs-activepassive 0 until the day Jerusalem was captured This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 39 intro i9ad 0 # Jeremiah 39 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
@ -3194,7 +3194,7 @@ JER 50 2 zzg6 figs-parallelism 0 Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its i
JER 50 2 x394 translate-names 0 Bel … Marduk These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 50 3 g6ih 0 arise against it … live in it Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
JER 50 3 daw4 0 her land The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER 50 3 sf89 figs-abstractnouns 0 make her land a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 3 sf89 figs-abstractnouns 0 make her land a desolation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 4 xb8i figs-doublet 0 In those days and at that time These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 4 f3j1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahwehs declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 50 4 sdx6 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh their God Seeking **Yahweh their God** represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3206,7 +3206,7 @@ JER 50 6 a67k figs-metaphor 0 Their shepherds The leaders of Israel are spoken
JER 50 6 zpk8 0 turned them around from hill to hill Alternate translation: “lead them around to many different places”
JER 50 7 h59f figs-metaphor 0 devoured them Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 7 u3dr 0 they sinned The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 50 7 id3n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 7 id3n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 8 en1b 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
JER 50 8 ey2s 0 Leave from the midst of Babylon This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -3288,7 +3288,7 @@ JER 50 27 jtx6 0 them … their The word “them” and “their” refer to t
JER 50 27 h2tx figs-doublet 0 their day has come—the time for their punishment The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 28 tx67 0 There is the sound of those fleeing Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
JER 50 28 i7g2 0 those … those … These The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahwehs vengeance.
JER 50 28 e143 figs-abstractnouns 0 the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple The abstract noun “vengeance” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 28 e143 figs-abstractnouns 0 the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 29 uhm2 figs-doublet 0 the archers … those who bend their bows These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 29 riq5 0 her … her … she The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
JER 50 29 gm1z 0 let no one escape This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
@ -3371,7 +3371,7 @@ JER 51 2 w4jj figs-idiom 0 on the day of disaster The phrase “day of” is a
JER 51 3 yl8g 0 Do not let … do not let Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle.
JER 51 4 u6a8 figs-activepassive 0 those who are killed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 5 u9ey figs-metonymy 0 Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 5 t4nl figs-metaphor 0 their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun “offenses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 51 5 t4nl figs-metaphor 0 their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **offenses**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 51 6 ht2y figs-metaphor 0 in her iniquity Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 6 dia4 figs-metaphor 0 will repay all of it to her Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 51 7 tj8i figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -247,14 +247,14 @@ LAM 3 20 mz9u 0 my soul is bowed down within me Alternate translation: “I am
LAM 3 21 t4a6 0 But I call this to mind This means to intentionally think about something. The word “this” refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: “But I choose to think about this” or “But I remember this”
LAM 3 21 a2fk 0 I have hope Alternate translation: “I hope”
LAM 3 22 hf5a figs-abstractnouns 0 The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases The abstract noun “steadfast love” can be expressed with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 22 rs8g figs-abstractnouns 0 his compassions never end The abstract noun “compassions” can be translated with the verb “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 22 rs8g figs-abstractnouns 0 his compassions never end If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 23 z4xg figs-metaphor 0 they are new every morning The word “they” refers to Gods steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: “every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 23 dp91 0 your faithfulness The word “your” refers to Yahweh.
LAM 3 24 v6sh figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my inheritance When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 25 e8de 0 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him”
LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him This could mean: (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.”
LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Here, **seeks him** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **his youth**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
LAM 3 28 deh5 0 Let him sit alone in silence The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain”
LAM 3 28 wc7p figs-metaphor 0 when it is laid upon him “when the yoke is laid upon him.” Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: “when he suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 3 30 t75y 0 General Information: The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](../03/25.md)).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
247 LAM 3 21 t4a6 0 But I call this to mind This means to intentionally think about something. The word “this” refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: “But I choose to think about this” or “But I remember this”
248 LAM 3 21 a2fk 0 I have hope Alternate translation: “I hope”
249 LAM 3 22 hf5a figs-abstractnouns 0 The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases The abstract noun “steadfast love” can be expressed with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
250 LAM 3 22 rs8g figs-abstractnouns 0 his compassions never end The abstract noun “compassions” can be translated with the verb “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
251 LAM 3 23 z4xg figs-metaphor 0 they are new every morning The word “they” refers to God’s steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: “every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 LAM 3 23 dp91 0 your faithfulness The word “your” refers to Yahweh.
253 LAM 3 24 v6sh figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my inheritance When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254 LAM 3 25 e8de 0 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him”
255 LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him This could mean: (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.”
256 LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Here, **seeks him** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257 LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **his youth**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
258 LAM 3 28 deh5 0 Let him sit alone in silence The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain”
259 LAM 3 28 wc7p figs-metaphor 0 when it is laid upon him “when the yoke is laid upon him.” Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: “when he suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260 LAM 3 30 t75y 0 General Information: The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](../03/25.md)).

View File

@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ EZK 1 4 gn1u 0 the color of amber Alternate translation: “bright yellow like
EZK 1 4 s1hw 0 amber a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry
EZK 1 5 wc4k 0 In the middle Alternate translation: “Inside the storm”
EZK 1 5 h7q9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of four living creatures Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 5 k13b figs-abstractnouns 0 This was their appearance The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 5 nji4 figs-abstractnouns 0 They had the likeness of a man The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 5 k13b figs-abstractnouns 0 This was their appearance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 5 nji4 figs-abstractnouns 0 They had the likeness of a man If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 6 vqp7 0 but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings “but each of them had four different faces and four wings.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head.
EZK 1 7 lgs2 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
EZK 1 7 k6hj 0 but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf Alternate translation: “but their feet looked like calf hooves” or “but their feet looked like the feet of calves”
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ EZK 1 12 e2th 0 Each went straight forward Alternate translation: “Each crea
EZK 1 13 ffv8 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
EZK 1 13 i6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both “likeness” and “appearance” are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 13 m6wb 0 there were flashes of lightning Alternate translation: “lightning came out from the fire.”
EZK 1 14 jq1y figs-simile 0 The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 14 jq1y figs-simile 0 The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 15 me27 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision.
EZK 1 16 kq4i 0 This was the appearance and structure of the wheels Alternate translation: “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made”
EZK 1 16 yue4 0 like beryl Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. “clear and yellow like a beryl stone” or “clear and yellow like a precious stone”
@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ EZK 1 26 v6pz figs-abstractnouns 0 was the likeness of a throne Here the abstra
EZK 1 26 dds3 0 sapphire a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny
EZK 1 26 fx3x figs-abstractnouns 0 on the likeness of the throne was The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 26 npv7 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness like the appearance of a man The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). Alternate translation: “something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 t3wg figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips up The persons body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 f7ri figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 ju5f figs-abstractnouns 0 Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 t3wg figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips up The persons body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 f7ri figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 ju5f figs-abstractnouns 0 Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 qe4p 0 rainbow the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
EZK 1 28 eww3 figs-abstractnouns 0 It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh The abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. Both “appearance” and “likeness” can be translated as with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 x337 figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ EZK 7 22 u74s 0 bandits violent people who steal and destroy
EZK 7 23 zs1w 0 General Information: These are Yahwehs words to Ezekiel about Israel.
EZK 7 23 y53i 0 Make a chain Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners.
EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood This could mean: (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 7 23 u3zi figs-metaphor 0 the city is full of violence The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun “violence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 7 23 u3zi figs-metaphor 0 the city is full of violence The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 7 24 r3n8 0 they will possess their houses the wicked will take the Israelites houses
EZK 7 24 a75e 0 I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty Alternate translation: “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves”
EZK 7 24 zk6t figs-activepassive 0 their holy places will be defiled! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies will defile the places where they worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ EZK 8 1 mzl2 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/
EZK 8 1 ni1l 0 fell upon Alternate translation: “took hold of”
EZK 8 2 c8h3 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness with the appearance of a man Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 2 lie4 0 glowing metal When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light.
EZK 8 2 dw9z figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 2 dw9z figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 3 mje5 0 he reached out The word “he” probably refers to the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)).
EZK 8 3 q8np 0 between earth and heaven Alternate translation: “between the ground and the sky”
EZK 8 3 h6bp 0 in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiels thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ EZK 9 7 hqw7 figs-metonymy 0 attacked the city The word “city” is a metonym
EZK 9 8 pb8i figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 9 8 wp6i 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md).
EZK 9 8 tm5e figs-idiom 0 will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem? Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. Alternate translation: “please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 9 8 gw3d figs-abstractnouns 0 in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. The abstract noun “outpouring” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 9 8 gw3d figs-abstractnouns 0 in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **outpouring**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 9 9 b5dk figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 9 9 v24y 0 exceedingly great Alternate translation: “very great”
EZK 9 9 xs21 figs-metaphor 0 The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions Here “land” is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here “blood” is metonym for murder. And “city” is spoken of as if it were a container and “perversions” were the contents inside of it. Alternate translation: “All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -517,9 +517,9 @@ EZK 10 6 ge4b 0 beside a wheel Translate “wheel” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../0
EZK 10 8 n4cv 0 I saw on the cherubim something like a mans hand under their wings Alternate translation: “I saw that the cherubim had something like a mans hand under their wings”
EZK 10 9 cwh7 0 behold Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw
EZK 10 9 q9j7 0 wheels See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
EZK 10 9 d8v9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 9 d8v9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 9 nza9 translate-unknown 0 beryl stone “Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 10 10 i72z figs-abstractnouns 0 Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 10 i72z figs-abstractnouns 0 Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 10 c1u1 0 a wheel intersecting another wheel The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.”
EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Here, the phrase **the head** could mean: (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ EZK 25 12 hs3x figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a met
EZK 25 13 shy7 figs-metaphor 0 I will strike Edom with my hand Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](../25/07.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 13 u34t translate-names 0 I will make them … from Teman to Dedan “I will make all of Edom … from Teman to Dedan.” These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 25 13 lfw7 figs-metonymy 0 They will fall by the sword The word “fall” represents being killed and the word “sword” refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 25 14 fx1e figs-metonymy 0 I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israels army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun “vengeance” can be translated with the verb “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 14 fx1e figs-metonymy 0 I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israels army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 25 14 h1jc 0 they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury Alternate translation: “they will show Edom my anger and fury” or “they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom”
EZK 25 14 jl32 figs-doublet 0 my anger and my fury The word “fury” means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word “anger.” Alternate translation: “my furious anger” or “my extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 25 14 t72s figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahwehs declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ EZK 26 17 cf7x 0 General Information: In these verses, “They” refers to th
EZK 26 17 az5c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
EZK 26 17 p6k6 0 lift up Alternate translation: “sing”
EZK 26 17 u3mk figs-activepassive 0 How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 26 17 ey9i figs-abstractnouns 0 spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them The abstract noun “terror” can be translated using the adjective “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 26 17 ey9i figs-abstractnouns 0 spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 26 18 qw2y figs-parallelism 0 Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 26 18 l8fi figs-metonymy 0 Now the coasts tremble Here “the coasts” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Now the people of the coastlands tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 18 ny49 figs-metonymy 0 The islands in the sea are terrified Here “the islands in the sea” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “The people of the islands are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1591,15 +1591,15 @@ EZK 26 19 h8v9 figs-nominaladj 0 the deeps Here “the deeps” means the deep
EZK 26 20 npm2 figs-personification 0 then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 26 20 k4z8 figs-metonymy 0 the pit This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 26 20 c3ul figs-metaphor 0 stand in the land of the living This represents being restored to the citys former existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 26 21 lui3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will place disaster on you The abstract noun “disaster” can be translated using the adjective “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 26 21 lui3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will place disaster on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 intro m11q 0 # Ezekiel 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 1 w529 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 27 2 x6yp 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 27 2 zc5g figs-abstractnouns 0 begin a lamentation The abstract noun “lamentation” can be translated using the verb “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 2 zc5g figs-abstractnouns 0 begin a lamentation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 3 wz6j figs-metonymy 0 say to Tyre Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 3 h74v 0 who lives within the gates of the sea Alternate translation: “who lives at the gates of the sea” or “who lives at the entry to the sea”
EZK 27 3 uay7 figs-metonymy 0 Tyre, you have said Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “People of Tyre, you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 3 lrt3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I am perfect in beauty The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 3 lrt3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I am perfect in beauty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 4 r25t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: “Your” and “you” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 4 nk2f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
EZK 27 4 r7fr 0 Your borders Alternate translation: “Your boundaries”
@ -1626,9 +1626,9 @@ EZK 27 10 t1q7 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in th
EZK 27 10 aw8i 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
EZK 27 10 fj9d translate-names 0 Persia, Lydia … Libya These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 27 10 z7jj 0 your men of war Alternate translation: “men who fought in your wars” or “serving as your warriors”
EZK 27 10 hpk8 figs-abstractnouns 0 your splendor The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 10 hpk8 figs-abstractnouns 0 your splendor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 11 hyb6 translate-names 0 Arvad … Helek … Gammad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 27 11 m439 figs-abstractnouns 0 They completed your beauty The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 11 m439 figs-abstractnouns 0 They completed your beauty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 12 y349 0 General Information: The word “your” in these verses refers to Tyre.
EZK 27 12 e1zd 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
EZK 27 12 eq3f 0 Silver, iron, tin, and lead metals that were used during that time period
@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@ EZK 27 26 kh95 0 the eastern wind Alternate translation: “the strong wind fr
EZK 27 26 il9m 0 middle of them “heart of the seas” or “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md).
EZK 27 27 hyf8 0 sailors men who sail boats
EZK 27 27 v82e 0 depths of the sea “heart of the seas” or “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md).
EZK 27 27 v5jc figs-abstractnouns 0 on the day of your destruction The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated using the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “at the time you are destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 27 v5jc figs-abstractnouns 0 on the day of your destruction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “at the time you are destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 28 vu1s 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre.
EZK 27 28 vb1f figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 28 zz11 figs-metonymy 0 Cities at the sea will tremble Here “Cities at the sea” represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of the cities by the sea will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ EZK 27 31 y422 0 General Information: The word “they” in these verses refe
EZK 27 31 v5hn figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 27 31 l2lh translate-symaction 0 They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 27 31 ftb1 0 bald having no hair on the head
EZK 27 32 f54l figs-abstractnouns 0 They will lift up their wails of lamentation The abstract noun “lamentation” can be translated using the verb “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 32 f54l figs-abstractnouns 0 They will lift up their wails of lamentation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 32 lh75 0 sing dirges Alternate translation: “sing funeral songs”
EZK 27 32 d8za figs-rquestion 0 Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 27 32 f4lr figs-activepassive 0 who has now been brought to silence This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “who its enemies have now silenced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ EZK 27 35 c2nm figs-abstractnouns 0 their kings shuddered in horror The abstrac
EZK 27 35 yhh2 0 shuddered Alternate translation: “shook, trembled with fear”
EZK 27 35 l348 figs-metonymy 0 Their faces trembled Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They appear to be trembling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 27 36 vh13 translate-symaction 0 hiss at you Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 27 36 wj8x figs-abstractnouns 0 you have become a horror The abstract noun “horror” can be translated using the adjective “dreadful.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 27 36 wj8x figs-abstractnouns 0 you have become a horror If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “dreadful.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 intro b1j6 0 # Ezekiel 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 28 1 g4fl figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 28 2 c7sq 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
@ -1739,7 +1739,7 @@ EZK 28 6 vgc2 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in the
EZK 28 6 p5is 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre.
EZK 28 6 kas1 figs-metonymy 0 you have made your heart like the heart of a god Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](../28/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 28 7 nrp5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the beauty of your wisdom The abstract nouns “beauty” and “wisdom” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful” and the adverb “wisely.” Alternate translation: “the beautiful things that you have so wisely made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 7 b7md figs-abstractnouns 0 profane your splendor The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 7 b7md figs-abstractnouns 0 profane your splendor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 8 w6fj figs-metonymy 0 down to the pit Here “the pit” refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: “down to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 8 t782 0 in the heart of the seas Alternate translation: “in the middle of the seas”
EZK 28 9 d3z2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you truly say, “I am a god” to the face of one who kills you? This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not say I am a god to the face of one who kills you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ EZK 28 15 fa3g figs-activepassive 0 from the day you were created until injusti
EZK 28 16 j1e3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 16 gg36 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 16 man6 0 great trade Alternate translation: “large volume of trade”
EZK 28 16 b582 figs-metaphor 0 you were filled with violence Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun “violence” can be translated using the adjective “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 16 b582 figs-metaphor 0 you were filled with violence Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 16 m9pq 0 guardian cherub Alternate translation: “guarding cherub”
EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 28 17 s2ql figs-synecdoche 0 Your heart was arrogant Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the persons thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1786,7 +1786,7 @@ EZK 28 21 tmx3 0 prophesy against “prophesy about the bad things that will h
EZK 28 22 ab7q 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 28 22 a4g5 figs-activepassive 0 I will be glorified in your midst If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will reveal my glory among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 22 tv4z figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 28 22 pmu4 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice within you The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 22 pmu4 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice within you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 22 n4vt figs-activepassive 0 I will be shown to be holy in you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will use you to show you that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 28 23 s9iw 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Sidon.
EZK 28 23 b3c4 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon.
@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ EZK 28 25 g4tq figs-activepassive 0 among whom they were scattered This can be
EZK 28 25 y9f5 0 so the nations may see Alternate translation: “in such a way as the nations will see it”
EZK 28 25 n75q figs-metonymy 0 my servant Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the descendants of my servant Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 26 m5nf 0 within her Alternate translation: “in the land”
EZK 28 26 cn86 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice on all The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 26 cn86 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice on all If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 29 intro qm8t 0 # Ezekiel 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
EZK 29 1 nk1i translate-ordinal 0 In the tenth year It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachins exile. Alternate translation: “In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 1 h48u translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month “on the twelfth day of the tenth month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -2186,12 +2186,12 @@ EZK 33 10 wd7m figs-rquestion 0 How can we live? The people ask this question t
EZK 33 11 tlw1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not delight in the death of the wicked If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” And the nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “wicked people.” Alternate translation: “It does not make me happy when wicked people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 33 11 e26x figs-metaphor 0 if the wicked repents from his way Here “way” represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: “if the wicked person stops doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 11 r9qn figs-rquestion 0 For why should you die, house of Israel? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: “Do not choose to die, house of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 33 12 lb73 figs-abstractnouns 0 The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from Gods punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 12 i4s7 figs-abstractnouns 0 The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 j7tp figs-abstractnouns 0 if he trusts in his righteousness The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 12 lb73 figs-abstractnouns 0 The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from Gods punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 12 i4s7 figs-abstractnouns 0 The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 j7tp figs-abstractnouns 0 if he trusts in his righteousness The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 ef4y 0 commits injustice Alternate translation: “does what is evil” or “does wicked things”
EZK 33 13 g3er figs-idiom 0 I will not call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not think about” or “I will not recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 13 wz8k figs-abstractnouns 0 for the wickedness he committed The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 wz8k figs-abstractnouns 0 for the wickedness he committed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 14 b6yl figs-nominaladj 0 to the wicked The nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “the wicked person.” Alternate translation: “to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 33 15 xll9 0 if he restores the loan guarantee Alternate translation: “if he gives back the loan guarantee”
EZK 33 15 frw7 0 loan guarantee something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed
@ -2706,7 +2706,7 @@ EZK 40 1 y8a6 0 the hand of Yahweh Here “hand” refers to Yahwehs power
EZK 40 2 y9x4 0 He brought me to rest Alternate translation: “He put me down”
EZK 40 3 ws2u 0 he brought me there Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings”
EZK 40 3 e8u1 0 Behold Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
EZK 40 3 w6wn figs-abstractnouns 0 His appearance was like the appearance of bronze The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 40 3 w6wn figs-abstractnouns 0 His appearance was like the appearance of bronze If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 40 3 fuy5 0 linen cord “a rope made of linen.” This is a tool for measuring very long distances.
EZK 40 3 am4h 0 linen This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md).
EZK 40 3 h98a 0 measuring stick This is a tool for measuring shorter distances.
@ -2882,7 +2882,7 @@ EZK 41 18 g9t5 0 was decorated Alternate translation: “was made beautiful”
EZK 41 18 ne31 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md).
EZK 41 18 m9dj 0 cherub This is the singular form of “cherubim.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md).
EZK 41 20 cf7z 0 the house Alternate translation: “the temple”
EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 41 22 lqs8 translate-bdistance 0 three cubits … two cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters … about 1.1 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 41 23 wx5m 0 There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place Alternate translation: “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors”
EZK 41 24 p6xg 0 These doors had two hinged door panels each “Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing.
@ -2902,7 +2902,7 @@ EZK 42 4 k5dr translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits … one hundred cubits Each long
EZK 42 6 ll69 0 smaller in size compared to the rooms Alternate translation: “smaller than the rooms”
EZK 42 7 p1zj translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits” or “about 27 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 8 fs43 translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits … one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits…100 cubits” or “about 27 meters … about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 42 11 enm6 figs-abstractnouns 0 They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 42 11 enm6 figs-abstractnouns 0 They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 42 12 cb5b 0 at its head Alternate translation: “at its beginning”
EZK 42 13 w6k1 0 the food offering the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God
EZK 42 15 evf6 0 to the gate that faced the east Alternate translation: “out to the east gate” or “out through the east gate”
@ -2918,7 +2918,7 @@ EZK 43 2 e4w7 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could r
EZK 43 2 m5fd 0 the earth shone with his glory Alternate translation: “the earth was full of bright light from his glory”
EZK 43 3 k5tf 0 It was Alternate translation: “The glory of God coming from the east was”
EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city This could mean: (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of Gods glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city”
EZK 43 3 s248 figs-abstractnouns 0 according to the appearance of the vision The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 43 3 s248 figs-abstractnouns 0 according to the appearance of the vision If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 43 3 f83h 0 according to the vision Alternate translation: “like the vision”
EZK 43 3 akc5 figs-synecdoche 0 when he had come to destroy the city “when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 43 5 r649 0 Behold Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
@ -2986,7 +2986,7 @@ EZK 44 12 z6se figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a me
EZK 44 12 vr22 translate-symaction 0 I will lift up my hand to swear an oath In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “I will solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 44 12 y3kn 0 against them Alternate translation: “that I will punish them”
EZK 44 12 pf4z figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahwehs declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 44 12 q681 figs-abstractnouns 0 they will bear their punishment The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 44 12 q681 figs-abstractnouns 0 they will bear their punishment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **punishment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 44 13 hx8g 0 They the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md))
EZK 44 13 ae27 0 They will not come near “I will not permit them to come near.” Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)).
EZK 44 13 bca3 0 will bear their reproach and their guilt Alternate translation: “will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them”

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@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you
DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 7 27 ry7e figs-idiom 0 of the kingdoms under the whole heaven The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ DAN 11 42 w3i4 figs-activepassive 0 the land of Egypt will not be rescued This
DAN 11 43 n537 figs-idiom 0 the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 43 qp3z translate-names 0 the Libyans and the Cushites “the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 11 44 m79f 0 General Information: This is still about the king of the North.
DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage The abstract noun “rage” can be expressed with the word “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 44 n5ju figs-metonymy 0 go out To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the kings luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
546 DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
547 DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
548 DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
549 DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
550 DAN 7 27 ry7e figs-idiom 0 of the kingdoms under the whole heaven The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
551 DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
552 DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
886 DAN 11 43 n537 figs-idiom 0 the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
887 DAN 11 43 qp3z translate-names 0 the Libyans and the Cushites “the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888 DAN 11 44 m79f 0 General Information: This is still about the king of the North.
889 DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage The abstract noun “rage” can be expressed with the word “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
890 DAN 11 44 n5ju figs-metonymy 0 go out To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
891 DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
892 DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.

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@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ HOS 7 15 kf6z figs-metaphor 0 Though I trained them and strengthened their arms
HOS 7 16 k39m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 7 16 r57a figs-simile 0 They are like a slack bow That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 7 16 q25q figs-metonymy 0 because of the insolence of their tongues Here “tongue” refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: “because they insult me” or “because they curse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 7 16 r7lt figs-abstractnouns 0 This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt The abstract noun “mockery” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 7 16 r7lt figs-abstractnouns 0 This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 8 intro sj97 0 # Hosea 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him.<br>Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>This chapter contains some references to the “calf of Samaria.” This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah.
HOS 8 1 iyy7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
HOS 8 1 rq62 figs-metaphor 0 An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ HOS 11 8 nmr7 figs-rquestion 0 How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand y
HOS 11 8 nb87 figs-rquestion 0 How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HOS 11 8 s6u1 figs-metonymy 0 My heart has changed within me Here “heart” represents Gods will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 11 9 que5 0 For I am God and not a man God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
HOS 11 9 xmy1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not come in wrath The abstract noun “wrath” can be stated as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 11 9 xmy1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not come in wrath If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 11 10 k7zh 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
HOS 11 10 ge5v figs-metaphor 0 They will follow Yahweh Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 11 10 ct2q figs-simile 0 he will roar like a lion Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ HOS 13 13 b6hn figs-metaphor 0 but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to
HOS 13 14 yv5m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 13 14 q1qb figs-rquestion 0 Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 13 14 iq7j figs-personification 0 Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? Yahweh speaks to “death” and “Sheol” as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: “Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HOS 13 14 zq3t figs-metaphor 0 Compassion is hidden from my eyes Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 13 14 zq3t figs-metaphor 0 Compassion is hidden from my eyes Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 13 15 w2sd 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
HOS 13 15 r777 figs-metaphor 0 his brothers This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 13 15 nj8n figs-metaphor 0 an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ HOS 14 2 xcc8 figs-metonymy 0 the fruit of our lips What a person says is calle
HOS 14 3 r5m5 0 General Information: Hosea is speaking
HOS 14 3 xvt4 figs-synecdoche 0 to the work of our hands Here people are represented by their “hands” to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: “to the idols we made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HOS 14 3 y9ak 0 the fatherless person This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates Gods enormous compassion for his people.
HOS 14 3 mh3w figs-abstractnouns 0 finds compassion Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 14 3 mh3w figs-abstractnouns 0 finds compassion Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HOS 14 4 j8i4 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 14 4 x6kz figs-metaphor 0 I will heal their turning away Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 14 4 e5gg figs-metaphor 0 their turning away The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
245 HOS 7 16 k39m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
246 HOS 7 16 r57a figs-simile 0 They are like a slack bow That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
247 HOS 7 16 q25q figs-metonymy 0 because of the insolence of their tongues Here “tongue” refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: “because they insult me” or “because they curse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
248 HOS 7 16 r7lt figs-abstractnouns 0 This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt The abstract noun “mockery” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mockery**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
249 HOS 8 intro sj97 0 # Hosea 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him.<br>Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>This chapter contains some references to the “calf of Samaria.” This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah.
250 HOS 8 1 iyy7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
251 HOS 8 1 rq62 figs-metaphor 0 An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
383 HOS 11 8 nb87 figs-rquestion 0 How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
384 HOS 11 8 s6u1 figs-metonymy 0 My heart has changed within me Here “heart” represents God’s will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
385 HOS 11 9 que5 0 For I am God and not a man God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
386 HOS 11 9 xmy1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not come in wrath The abstract noun “wrath” can be stated as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “angry.” Alternate translation: “I will not come to you and be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
387 HOS 11 10 k7zh 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
388 HOS 11 10 ge5v figs-metaphor 0 They will follow Yahweh Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
389 HOS 11 10 ct2q figs-simile 0 he will roar like a lion Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
454 HOS 13 14 yv5m 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
455 HOS 13 14 q1qb figs-rquestion 0 Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
456 HOS 13 14 iq7j figs-personification 0 Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? Yahweh speaks to “death” and “Sheol” as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: “Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
457 HOS 13 14 zq3t figs-metaphor 0 Compassion is hidden from my eyes Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have no compassion for them” or “I will not be compassionate towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
458 HOS 13 15 w2sd 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking.
459 HOS 13 15 r777 figs-metaphor 0 his brothers This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
460 HOS 13 15 nj8n figs-metaphor 0 an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
473 HOS 14 3 r5m5 0 General Information: Hosea is speaking
474 HOS 14 3 xvt4 figs-synecdoche 0 to the work of our hands Here people are represented by their “hands” to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: “to the idols we made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
475 HOS 14 3 y9ak 0 the fatherless person This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God’s enormous compassion for his people.
476 HOS 14 3 mh3w figs-abstractnouns 0 finds compassion Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun “compassion” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “finds one who is compassionate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
477 HOS 14 4 j8i4 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
478 HOS 14 4 x6kz figs-metaphor 0 I will heal their turning away Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
479 HOS 14 4 e5gg figs-metaphor 0 their turning away The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ JOL 1 13 uv6d 0 General Information: God speaks to the priests in Israel
JOL 1 13 w9cv מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ 1 the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple
JOL 1 14 z8ne בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the house of Yahweh your God the temple in Jerusalem
JOL 1 15 q895 0 General Information: This is what God is telling the priests to say.
JOL 1 15 u6hs figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 With it will come destruction from the Almighty The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated using the verb “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 1 15 u6hs figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 With it will come destruction from the Almighty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 1 16 yv6d figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 1 16 r8wr figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 from before our eyes “from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 1 16 f1eb figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness from the house of our God You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ JOL 3 13 tz4a figs-metaphor בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְ
JOL 3 13 haw5 figs-metaphor הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽ⁠ם 1 The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous Yahweh speaks of the nations wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 14 y2ge הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים 1 a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
JOL 3 14 r3ir בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ…בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶ⁠חָרֽוּץ 1 Valley of Judgment … Valley of Judgment This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
27 JOL 1 13 w9cv מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ 1 the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple
28 JOL 1 14 z8ne בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the house of Yahweh your God the temple in Jerusalem
29 JOL 1 15 q895 0 General Information: This is what God is telling the priests to say.
30 JOL 1 15 u6hs figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 With it will come destruction from the Almighty The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated using the verb “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
31 JOL 1 16 yv6d figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32 JOL 1 16 r8wr figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 from before our eyes “from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
33 JOL 1 16 f1eb figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness from the house of our God You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
134 JOL 3 13 haw5 figs-metaphor הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽ⁠ם 1 The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135 JOL 3 14 y2ge הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים 1 a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
136 JOL 3 14 r3ir בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ…בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶ⁠חָרֽוּץ 1 Valley of Judgment … Valley of Judgment This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
137 JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) There is no known place with this name. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
138 JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
139 JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
140 JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ AMO 1 14 i3cd figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces Here Yahwehs judgme
AMO 1 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 14 xh9x 0 tempest … whirlwind These are two kinds of violent storms.
AMO 1 14 zf7h 0 whirlwind a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
AMO 1 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated as the verb “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 intro ibd6 0 # Amos 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>You will notice that the phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
AMO 2 1 g1vl 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to Gods judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 2 1 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ AMO 5 8 uny6 translate-unknown 0 the Pleiades and Orion People saw patterns in
AMO 5 8 fkp9 0 he turns darkness into the morning … day dark with night “he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night.” This refers to causing the times of the day.
AMO 5 8 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters … on the surface of the earth This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: “he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 8 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
AMO 5 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
59 AMO 1 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 AMO 1 14 xh9x 0 tempest … whirlwind These are two kinds of violent storms.
61 AMO 1 14 zf7h 0 whirlwind a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
62 AMO 1 15 s4xt figs-abstractnouns 0 Their king will go into captivity The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated as the verb “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “capture.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
63 AMO 2 intro ibd6 0 # Amos 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>You will notice that the phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
64 AMO 2 1 g1vl 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
65 AMO 2 1 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
240 AMO 5 8 fkp9 0 he turns darkness into the morning … day dark with night “he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night.” This refers to causing the times of the day.
241 AMO 5 8 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters … on the surface of the earth This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: “he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
242 AMO 5 8 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
243 AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
244 AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
245 AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
246 AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
247 AMO 5 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ OBA 1 1 jdr9 figs-quotations ק֛וּמוּ וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי
OBA 1 1 pez6 figs-idiom ק֛וּמוּ 1 Get up This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 1 iaok figs-idiom וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 This is an idiom that means to violently oppose another person or nation. Alternate translation: “Let us gather our armies against Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 and let us rise up against her Here, **her** refers to the land of Edom, which, again, stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Let us rise up against the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **battle** with a verb. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 2 cc3h writing-quotations הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Behold, I am making you small The addressee changes here. This is no longer Yahweh speaking to Judah or the messenger speaking to the other nations. Now Yahweh is speaking directly to the people of Edom. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add a quote introduction here, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Use a natural way of getting someones attention in your language. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. If it would be more natural in your language, you could combine them as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ OBA 1 2 ec8m figs-metaphor קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּ
OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 3 kjbt figs-personification זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **pride** is spoken of figuratively as though it were a person who could deceive someone. If this is not clear, you could say this with plain language. Alternate translation: “Because you are so proud, you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 3 hzdk figs-youcrowd זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you can use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
OBA 1 3 kcc3 figs-abstractnouns זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **pride** with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 3 kcc3 figs-abstractnouns זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 3 qpw7 figs-metaphor זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here, **heart** is used figuratively to refer to a persons thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 lofty in his dwelling Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahwehs continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
OBA 1 3 q6sz בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 in the clefts of the rock This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks.
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ OBA 1 4 jd5r figs-hyperbole אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔
OBA 1 4 jd7r figs-activepassive שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 if your nest is set If your language does not use passive verb forms, you could use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you could make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 4 bbu3 figs-metaphor מִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְ⁠ךָ֖ 1 from there I will bring you down Here, **bring you down** means “humble you” or “defeat you.” This is a spatial metaphor. Yahwehs response to the Edomites is that there is nowhere they would be safe from his judgment and punishment. Alternate translation: “you would still not be safe there from the attackers that I am sending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
OBA 1 4 ce6e writing-quotations נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 This phrase reminds the reader that this message, including the entire book, came directly from Yahweh. Use a form of quotation that would make this clear in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
OBA 1 4 fyco figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, instead of the abstract noun **declaration**, you could use a verb here. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 4 fyco figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 5 w86v figs-doublet אִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה 1 If thieves came to you, and plunderers by night These two phrases mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize the one idea that they are expressing. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important or you could combine them, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
OBA 1 5 b93f figs-activepassive אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! You could use the active form of the verb, and you could specify who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “how the attackers will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 5 jd9r figs-exclamations אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. Unlike thieves and grape-harvesters, those who attack Edom will leave nothing behind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could move the phrase to the end of the verse and make it its own sentence. Alternate translation: “But attackers will destroy you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ OBA 1 7 cr88 עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ 1 ar
OBA 1 7 a612 figs-parallelism כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your covenant … The men of your peace … They of your bread All three phrases refer to Edoms allies. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in similar ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 7 jd15 figs-ellipsis לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔י⁠ךָ 1 They of your bread will set a trap under you Hebrew says simply **your bread**. In this poetic style, hearers and readers are expected to understand the meaning and supply the missing words **The men of** from the previous two lines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
OBA 1 7 rc1i figs-aside אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. This phrase could mean: (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you can continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, you are not as clever as you thought you were” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding You could translate the abstract noun **understanding** with a verb. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 7 jd19 figs-personification בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 in him Here, **him** probably refers to Edom, which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא…וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau? This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “On that day … I will certainly destroy the wise men from Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 wise men The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. So this means that even their famous wisdom cannot save them from Yahwehs destruction. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could indicate this information as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
OBA 1 8 i6ry figs-rquestion וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the second part of the rhetorical question. You could also start a new sentence here. Yahweh continues the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “and I will certainly destroy their understanding” or “On that day I will certainly remove understanding from the mountain of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
OBA 1 8 mupa figs-explicit וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the reader is expected to use the words **will I not on that day destroy** from the first rhetorical question in order to understand this second one. If that is not clear in your language, you can repeat those words here. Alternate translation: “and will I not on that day destroy understanding from the mountain of Esau?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
OBA 1 8 g6se figs-parallelism חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding You could translate this abstract noun with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by using the name of one prominent part of it. The **mountain of Esau** may be the one now called Mount Bozrah. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
OBA 1 8 gn3t translate-names עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the name of the man who was the ancestor of the people of Edom. See how you translated this in [verse 6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
OBA 1 9 jd25 figs-synecdoche וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ תֵּימָ֑ן 1 And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom, but now he addresses them as **Teman**, which was the name of the region around their capital city. This part of Edom is now being used to represent the whole people. Alternate translation: “People of Edom, your strong soldiers will become terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ OBA 1 9 jd27 figs-metaphor יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man will be cut
OBA 1 9 q6s7 figs-activepassive יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 will be cut off You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-idiom אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Here, **a man** is an idiom that means “each person.” Alternate translation: “all you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain of Esau As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If you would not use an abstract noun like this in your language, you could use an adverb instead. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 9 hsy2 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 Some Bible translations put this phrase with verse 10, rather than with verse 9. If you choose to do that, verse 9 would end, “…from the mountain of Esau.” Verse 10 would begin, “Because of slaughter, because of violence …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 10 jd39 figs-metonymy אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term **brother** is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Use the term that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
OBA 1 10 ui6g figs-personification יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Jacob Here the name **Jacob** refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a verb to translate the abstract noun **shame**. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
OBA 1 10 f8g6 figs-idiom תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you To be **covered** with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
OBA 1 10 a113 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off to eternity If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
OBA 1 10 jd43 figs-explicit וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off You can specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
13 OBA 1 1 pez6 figs-idiom ק֛וּמוּ 1 Get up This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14 OBA 1 1 iaok figs-idiom וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 This is an idiom that means to violently oppose another person or nation. Alternate translation: “Let us gather our armies against Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15 OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ 1 and let us rise up against her Here, **her** refers to the land of Edom, which, again, stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Let us rise up against the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16 OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **battle** with a verb. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **battle**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to attack her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17 OBA 1 2 cc3h writing-quotations הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Behold, I am making you small The addressee changes here. This is no longer Yahweh speaking to Judah or the messenger speaking to the other nations. Now Yahweh is speaking directly to the people of Edom. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add a quote introduction here, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
18 OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Use a natural way of getting someone’s attention in your language. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
19 OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. If it would be more natural in your language, you could combine them as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
21 OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22 OBA 1 3 kjbt figs-personification זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **pride** is spoken of figuratively as though it were a person who could deceive someone. If this is not clear, you could say this with plain language. Alternate translation: “Because you are so proud, you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 OBA 1 3 hzdk figs-youcrowd זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Here, **you** is singular, since it refers to the people of Edom as a single nation, but if this is confusing in your language, you can use a plural form of “you” here and throughout this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
24 OBA 1 3 kcc3 figs-abstractnouns זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **pride** with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
25 OBA 1 3 qpw7 figs-metaphor זְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here, **heart** is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “Your proud attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26 OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 lofty in his dwelling Here, the pronoun switches from **you** to **he** even though Yahweh is still talking to the people of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you can continue to use **you**, since this is part of Yahweh’s continuing message to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
27 OBA 1 3 q6sz בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 in the clefts of the rock This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks.
33 OBA 1 4 jd7r figs-activepassive שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 if your nest is set If your language does not use passive verb forms, you could use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “if you could make your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
34 OBA 1 4 bbu3 figs-metaphor מִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְ⁠ךָ֖ 1 from there I will bring you down Here, **bring you down** means “humble you” or “defeat you.” This is a spatial metaphor. Yahweh’s response to the Edomites is that there is nowhere they would be safe from his judgment and punishment. Alternate translation: “you would still not be safe there from the attackers that I am sending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35 OBA 1 4 ce6e writing-quotations נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 This phrase reminds the reader that this message, including the entire book, came directly from Yahweh. Use a form of quotation that would make this clear in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
36 OBA 1 4 fyco figs-abstractnouns נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, instead of the abstract noun **declaration**, you could use a verb here. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
37 OBA 1 5 w86v figs-doublet אִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה 1 If thieves came to you, and plunderers by night These two phrases mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize the one idea that they are expressing. If this is not clear in your language, use another way of showing that this is important or you could combine them, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
38 OBA 1 5 b93f figs-activepassive אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! You could use the active form of the verb, and you could specify who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “how the attackers will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
39 OBA 1 5 jd9r figs-exclamations אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה 1 how you are being destroyed! Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. Unlike thieves and grape-harvesters, those who attack Edom will leave nothing behind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could move the phrase to the end of the verse and make it its own sentence. Alternate translation: “But attackers will destroy you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
50 OBA 1 7 a612 figs-parallelism כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your covenant … The men of your peace … They of your bread All three phrases refer to Edom’s allies. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in similar ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
51 OBA 1 7 jd15 figs-ellipsis לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔י⁠ךָ 1 They of your bread will set a trap under you Hebrew says simply **your bread**. In this poetic style, hearers and readers are expected to understand the meaning and supply the missing words **The men of** from the previous two lines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
52 OBA 1 7 rc1i figs-aside אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. This phrase could mean: (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you can continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, ‘you are not as clever as you thought you were’” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
53 OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding You could translate the abstract noun **understanding** with a verb. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
54 OBA 1 7 jd19 figs-personification בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 in him Here, **him** probably refers to Edom, which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
55 OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא…וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau? This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “On that day … I will certainly destroy the wise men from Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
56 OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 wise men The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. So this means that even their famous wisdom cannot save them from Yahweh’s destruction. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could indicate this information as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
57 OBA 1 8 i6ry figs-rquestion וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the second part of the rhetorical question. You could also start a new sentence here. Yahweh continues the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “and I will certainly destroy their understanding” or “On that day I will certainly remove understanding from the mountain of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
58 OBA 1 8 mupa figs-explicit וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the reader is expected to use the words **will I not on that day destroy** from the first rhetorical question in order to understand this second one. If that is not clear in your language, you can repeat those words here. Alternate translation: “and will I not on that day destroy understanding from the mountain of Esau?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59 OBA 1 8 g6se figs-parallelism חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 In this poetic style, the same meaning is expressed twice but in different words in order to emphasize what is being said. Here, **wise men** and **understanding** both refer to people who are wise, and **Edom** and **the mountain of Esau** are both ways of referring to the country of Edom. If this is confusing in your language, you could say this only once, or emphasize the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “all people who are wise from the country of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
60 OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding You could translate this abstract noun with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people who know what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61 OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by using the name of one prominent part of it. The **mountain of Esau** may be the one now called Mount Bozrah. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
62 OBA 1 8 gn3t translate-names עֵשָֽׂו 1 This is the name of the man who was the ancestor of the people of Edom. See how you translated this in [verse 6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63 OBA 1 9 jd25 figs-synecdoche וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ תֵּימָ֑ן 1 And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom, but now he addresses them as **Teman**, which was the name of the region around their capital city. This part of Edom is now being used to represent the whole people. Alternate translation: “People of Edom, your strong soldiers will become terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
67 OBA 1 9 q6s7 figs-activepassive יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 will be cut off You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68 OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-idiom אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Here, **a man** is an idiom that means “each person.” Alternate translation: “all you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69 OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain of Esau As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “from the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
70 OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If you would not use an abstract noun like this in your language, you could use an adverb instead. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun **slaughter** intensifies the idea of being **cut off** or killed. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
71 OBA 1 9 hsy2 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 Some Bible translations put this phrase with verse 10, rather than with verse 9. If you choose to do that, verse 9 would end, “…from the mountain of Esau.” Verse 10 would begin, “Because of slaughter, because of violence …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
72 OBA 1 10 jd39 figs-metonymy אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term **brother** is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Use the term that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73 OBA 1 10 ui6g figs-personification יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Jacob Here the name **Jacob** refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
74 OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a verb to translate the abstract noun **shame**. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will be dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75 OBA 1 10 f8g6 figs-idiom תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you To be **covered** with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
76 OBA 1 10 a113 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off to eternity If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
77 OBA 1 10 jd43 figs-explicit וְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ 1 you will be cut off You can specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenan
JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
JON 2 9 jdrh יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc).
JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **salvation** is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JON 2 10 dz3j אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה 1 onto the dry land Alternate translation: “upon the ground” or “onto the shore”
JON 3 intro z3ut 0 # Jonah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonahs life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the kings proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase “three days journey” is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonahs day, cities were not as big as they are today. So, although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, “So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.” This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that Gods character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint, and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin.<br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was Gods plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JON 3 1 jdr7 writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה 1 The word of Yahweh came This phrase introduces the second half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the first half of the story [1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
101 JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
102 JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully.
103 JON 2 9 jdrh יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc).
104 JON 2 9 r4j4 figs-abstractnouns יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This can be reworded so that the abstract noun **salvation** is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
105 JON 2 10 dz3j אֶל־הַ⁠יַּבָּשָֽׁה 1 onto the dry land Alternate translation: “upon the ground” or “onto the shore”
106 JON 3 intro z3ut 0 # Jonah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to a narrative of Jonah’s life.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>According to the king’s proclamation, the animals had to participate in the fast he ordered. This most likely reflects their pagan mindset. There was nothing in the law of Moses that instructed the people to have the animals participate in any religious acts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Size of Nineveh<br><br>When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are confusing. The phrase “three days’ journey” is ambiguous in Hebrew, as many scholars have remarked. In Jonah’s day, cities were not as big as they are today. So, although Nineveh was a big city, it was not as big as most modern cities.<br><br>### God repenting or relenting<br><br>The last verse of this chapter says, “So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it.” This concept of God changing His mind may seem inconsistent with the fact that God’s character and his plans do not change. But this whole book is written from a human viewpoint, and so it presents the actions of God as Jonah saw them. God had told Jonah to warn the Ninevites of judgment for their sin.<br><br>Yahweh is just, but he is also merciful. Because the Ninevites repented, God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, and Jonah described that in a human way as “changing his mind.” The reader understands that this was God’s plan from the beginning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
107 JON 3 1 jdr7 writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה 1 The word of Yahweh came This phrase introduces the second half of the story of Jonah. The same phrase introduces the first half of the story [1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

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@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ MIC 4 8 c64g figs-apostrophe 0 As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of th
MIC 4 8 y9gn figs-metaphor 0 watchtower for the flock The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 4 8 p2dj figs-metaphor 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: “people who live in Zion … people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 4 8 tc2d 0 hill Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean “fortress” or “stronghold” here.
MIC 4 8 ccs1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to you it will come, your former dominion The abstract noun “dominion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 4 8 ccs1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to you it will come, your former dominion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 4 9 g6px figs-rquestion 0 Now, why do you shout so loudly? Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at how you are shouting loudly.” or “Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain … like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ MIC 4 13 mm6h figs-you 0 Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion … your horn … y
MIC 4 13 m3uk figs-metaphor 0 Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MIC 4 13 tq8x figs-metaphor 0 I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: “for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MIC 4 13 igd2 0 their unjust wealth Alternate translation: “the wealth they got by acting unjustly” or “the things they stole from other people”
MIC 4 13 c3rt figs-abstractnouns 0 their wealth The abstract noun “wealth” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 4 13 c3rt figs-abstractnouns 0 their wealth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 5 intro y1t7 0 # Micah 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Change in Personal Pronouns<br>Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes “I” is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as “you” and begins speaking about them as “we” or “us.”
MIC 5 1 f536 figs-metaphor 0 daughter of soldiers The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: “people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 5 1 yp7t figs-metonymy 0 With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ MIC 5 11 p7xv figs-you 0 your land … your strongholds Yahweh is speaking to t
MIC 5 12 w5rn figs-metonymy 0 the witchcraft in your hand Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 5 12 b4vf figs-you 0 your hand … you will Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 13 udr6 figs-you 0 your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 13 s47c figs-abstractnouns 0 the workmanship of your hands The abstract noun “workmanship” can be translated using the verb “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 5 13 s47c figs-abstractnouns 0 the workmanship of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 5 14 dd8m figs-you 0 your Asherah … among you … your cities Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 14 p6df figs-metaphor 0 will uproot your Asherah poles Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: “will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 intro k235 0 # Micah 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ MIC 6 2 pbw6 figs-personification 0 you mountains … you enduring foundations
MIC 6 3 smg8 figs-rquestion 0 My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 3 h6ec figs-you 0 to you … wearied you? Testify Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun “bondage” can be translated as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember … you went … you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak … devised “the plans Balak … made to harm you
MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam … answered him This could mean: (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam … did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased … oil? Should I give …
MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams … ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you Alternate translation: “Yahweh has told you”
MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act … God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act … God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act … God?”
MIC 6 8 qii1 figs-abstractnouns 0 love kindness The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated using the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 6 8 qii1 figs-abstractnouns 0 love kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 6 9 jf56 figs-metonymy 0 even now wisdom acknowledges your name Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word “name” here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: “and the wise person will fear you” or “and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC 6 9 mll1 figs-metaphor 0 Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place Here “rod” refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who “has put it in place,” will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 10 va73 figs-metonymy 0 There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words “the wicked” refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -249,14 +249,14 @@ MIC 7 3 m27f figs-synecdoche 0 Their hands are very good The hand is a synecdoc
MIC 7 4 nz3f figs-simile 0 The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 7 4 kin3 0 the most upright Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
MIC 7 4 qfc3 figs-activepassive 0 It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion The abstract noun “confusion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 5 cvb4 0 Do not trust any neighbor Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among Gods people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC 7 6 y6bb 0 people of his own house Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among Gods people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC 7 6 by7f figs-ellipsis 0 a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MIC 7 6 z99g figs-metonymy 0 his own house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “his own family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 7 7 pvd9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of “you” are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 7 7 z1eq 0 But as for me Here “me” refers to Micah.
MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 7 wd6x figs-metonymy 0 will hear me The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 7 8 yb44 figs-metaphor 0 fall … rise These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 8 ln69 figs-metaphor 0 sit in darkness These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
142 MIC 4 8 y9gn figs-metaphor 0 watchtower for the flock The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143 MIC 4 8 p2dj figs-metaphor 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: “people who live in Zion … people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
144 MIC 4 8 tc2d 0 hill Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean “fortress” or “stronghold” here.
145 MIC 4 8 ccs1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to you it will come, your former dominion The abstract noun “dominion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dominion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over the nations as you did before” or “I will make you rule over the nations as you did before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
146 MIC 4 9 g6px figs-rquestion 0 Now, why do you shout so loudly? Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at how you are shouting loudly.” or “Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
147 MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
148 MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain … like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157 MIC 4 13 m3uk figs-metaphor 0 Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
158 MIC 4 13 tq8x figs-metaphor 0 I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: “for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
159 MIC 4 13 igd2 0 their unjust wealth Alternate translation: “the wealth they got by acting unjustly” or “the things they stole from other people”
160 MIC 4 13 c3rt figs-abstractnouns 0 their wealth The abstract noun “wealth” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wealth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the things that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
161 MIC 5 intro y1t7 0 # Micah 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Change in Personal Pronouns<br>Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes “I” is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as “you” and begins speaking about them as “we” or “us.”
162 MIC 5 1 f536 figs-metaphor 0 daughter of soldiers The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: “people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163 MIC 5 1 yp7t figs-metonymy 0 With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
199 MIC 5 12 w5rn figs-metonymy 0 the witchcraft in your hand Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200 MIC 5 12 b4vf figs-you 0 your hand … you will Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
201 MIC 5 13 udr6 figs-you 0 your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
202 MIC 5 13 s47c figs-abstractnouns 0 the workmanship of your hands The abstract noun “workmanship” can be translated using the verb “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **workmanship**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “make.” Alternate translation: “what your hands have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
203 MIC 5 14 dd8m figs-you 0 your Asherah … among you … your cities Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
204 MIC 5 14 p6df figs-metaphor 0 will uproot your Asherah poles Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: “will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205 MIC 6 intro k235 0 # Micah 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
211 MIC 6 3 smg8 figs-rquestion 0 My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
212 MIC 6 3 h6ec figs-you 0 to you … wearied you? Testify Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
213 MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
214 MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun “bondage” can be translated as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bondage**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215 MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember … you went … you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
216 MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak … devised “the plans Balak … made to harm you
217 MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam … answered him This could mean: (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam … did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
223 MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams … ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
224 MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you Alternate translation: “Yahweh has told you”
225 MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act … God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act … God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act … God?”
226 MIC 6 8 qii1 figs-abstractnouns 0 love kindness The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated using the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “love being kind to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
227 MIC 6 9 jf56 figs-metonymy 0 even now wisdom acknowledges your name Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word “name” here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: “and the wise person will fear you” or “and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
228 MIC 6 9 mll1 figs-metaphor 0 Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place Here “rod” refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who “has put it in place,” will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229 MIC 6 10 va73 figs-metonymy 0 There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words “the wicked” refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: “Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
249 MIC 7 4 nz3f figs-simile 0 The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
250 MIC 7 4 kin3 0 the most upright Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
251 MIC 7 4 qfc3 figs-activepassive 0 It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion The abstract noun “confusion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confusion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253 MIC 7 5 cvb4 0 Do not trust any neighbor Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
254 MIC 7 6 y6bb 0 people of his own house Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
255 MIC 7 6 by7f figs-ellipsis 0 a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
256 MIC 7 6 z99g figs-metonymy 0 his own house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “his own family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
257 MIC 7 7 pvd9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of “you” are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
258 MIC 7 7 z1eq 0 But as for me Here “me” refers to Micah.
259 MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will wait for the God who saves me” or “I will wait for God, who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
260 MIC 7 7 wd6x figs-metonymy 0 will hear me The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
261 MIC 7 8 yb44 figs-metaphor 0 fall … rise These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262 MIC 7 8 ln69 figs-metaphor 0 sit in darkness These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ZEP 2 9 dr9e figs-parallelism 0 the remnant of my people … the remainder of m
ZEP 2 12 ai2t 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
ZEP 2 12 dr9y figs-metonymy 0 You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword Here “pieced by my sword” is a metonym for being killed in battle. Alternate translation: “I will kill you people of Cush in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEP 2 13 rqc2 figs-metonymy 0 Gods hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Gods power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 2 13 vj6j figs-abstractnouns 0 an abandoned devastation The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 2 13 vj6j figs-abstractnouns 0 an abandoned devastation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 2 13 ra14 figs-simile 0 as dry as the desert This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 2 14 fgc1 0 every animal of the nations Alternate translation: “every kind of animal”
ZEP 2 14 rq3s 0 the screech owl This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as “hedgehog.”
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ ZEP 3 14 d6q3 figs-idiom 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem Here “d
ZEP 3 14 x7wg figs-doublet 0 Be glad and rejoice These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. Alternate translation: “Be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEP 3 14 qj83 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “with all your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 3 15 lb51 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh has taken away your punishment Here to “take away” punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has stopped punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEP 3 15 t4fy figs-abstractnouns 0 You will never again fear evil The abstract noun “evil” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 3 15 t4fy figs-abstractnouns 0 You will never again fear evil If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEP 3 16 v9ia 0 In that day “At that time” or “When this happens.” This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
ZEP 3 16 eh5e figs-metonymy 0 say to Jerusalem … Zion The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 3 16 pc5c figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your hands falter To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
97 ZEP 2 12 ai2t 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah.
98 ZEP 2 12 dr9y figs-metonymy 0 You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword Here “pieced by my sword” is a metonym for being killed in battle. Alternate translation: “I will kill you people of Cush in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99 ZEP 2 13 rqc2 figs-metonymy 0 God’s hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “God’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100 ZEP 2 13 vj6j figs-abstractnouns 0 an abandoned devastation The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “ruined and deserted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
101 ZEP 2 13 ra14 figs-simile 0 as dry as the desert This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
102 ZEP 2 14 fgc1 0 every animal of the nations Alternate translation: “every kind of animal”
103 ZEP 2 14 rq3s 0 the screech owl This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as “hedgehog.”
163 ZEP 3 14 x7wg figs-doublet 0 Be glad and rejoice These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. Alternate translation: “Be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
164 ZEP 3 14 qj83 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “with all your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165 ZEP 3 15 lb51 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh has taken away your punishment Here to “take away” punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has stopped punishing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
166 ZEP 3 15 t4fy figs-abstractnouns 0 You will never again fear evil The abstract noun “evil” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **evil**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
167 ZEP 3 16 v9ia 0 In that day “At that time” or “When this happens.” This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh.
168 ZEP 3 16 eh5e figs-metonymy 0 say to Jerusalem … Zion The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169 ZEP 3 16 pc5c figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your hands falter To feel weak or helpless is spoken of as if their hands became physically weak. Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ HAG 1 9 g652 figs-123person 0 declares Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself
HAG 1 10 suc8 figs-metaphor 0 the heavens withhold the dew from you The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: “the sky does not allow the dew to fall” or “no dew forms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAG 1 11 a7ds figs-personification 0 I have summoned a drought upon the land Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: “I have kept the rain from falling on the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAG 1 11 v7pk figs-metonymy 0 upon the new wine, upon the oil “Wine” and “oil” are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands The abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel … Shealtiel … Joshua … Jehozadak … Haggai See how you translated these mens names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh … the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the persons presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahwehs presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
21 HAG 1 10 suc8 figs-metaphor 0 the heavens withhold the dew from you The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: “the sky does not allow the dew to fall” or “no dew forms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22 HAG 1 11 a7ds figs-personification 0 I have summoned a drought upon the land Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: “I have kept the rain from falling on the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 HAG 1 11 v7pk figs-metonymy 0 upon the new wine, upon the oil “Wine” and “oil” are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24 HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands The abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **labor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25 HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel … Shealtiel … Joshua … Jehozadak … Haggai See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
26 HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh … the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27 HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ ZEC 8 14 ry4z 0 provoked my anger Alternate translation: “angered me”
ZEC 8 14 pw4j 0 did not relent Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
ZEC 8 15 tg1a figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 16 r54n 0 that you must do “You” refers to the people of Judah.
ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 m4ld 0 his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
ZEC 8 16 u5kf figs-abstractnouns 0 Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 k4ez figs-explicit 0 in your gates The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
255 ZEC 8 14 pw4j 0 did not relent Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
256 ZEC 8 15 tg1a figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
257 ZEC 8 16 r54n 0 that you must do “You” refers to the people of Judah.
258 ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
259 ZEC 8 16 m4ld 0 his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
260 ZEC 8 16 u5kf figs-abstractnouns 0 Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
261 ZEC 8 16 k4ez figs-explicit 0 in your gates The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ MAL 2 6 ws89 figs-metaphor 0 in peace and uprightness Here the idea of location
MAL 2 6 p1lh figs-metaphor 0 he turned many away from sin Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 6 fxl1 figs-metaphor 0 lips Here “lips” stands for a persons ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 7 kp5v figs-metaphor 0 For a priests lips should keep knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns 0 seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “instruction.” Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns 0 seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 7 sp8u figs-metonymy 0 from his mouth Here “mouth” stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 8 si1s figs-metaphor 0 you have turned away from the true path The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 8 um6v figs-metaphor 0 You have caused many to stumble Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
74 MAL 2 6 p1lh figs-metaphor 0 he turned many away from sin Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 MAL 2 6 fxl1 figs-metaphor 0 lips Here “lips” stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76 MAL 2 7 kp5v figs-metaphor 0 For a priest’s lips should keep knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77 MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns 0 seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “instruction.” Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “want to be instructed” or “want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
78 MAL 2 7 sp8u figs-metonymy 0 from his mouth Here “mouth” stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79 MAL 2 8 si1s figs-metaphor 0 you have turned away from the true path The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80 MAL 2 8 um6v figs-metaphor 0 You have caused many to stumble Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])