ru_gl_ru_ugg/content/verb_transitive.rst

:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ugg/src/branch/master/content/verb_transitive.rst

.. _verb_transitive:

Verb transitive        
===============

Glossary     
--------

A **verb** which can take a direct object is **transitive** (e.g. *He
ate the bread*).

.. csv-table:: Table Tran 1
  :Header-rows: 1

  Matthew 12:4
  τοὺς,ἄρτους,τῆς,Προθέσεως,**ἔφαγεν**
  tous,artous,tēs,Protheseōs,**ephagen**
  the,bread,of the,of the setting forth/presentation,**they ate**

… *they* **ate**  *the bread of the presence*

Note:  In this example **ἔφαγεν** (they ate) is the transitive verb and  *ἄρτους* (bread) is the direct object.





Article
-------

Verbs may be classified as **Transitive**, :ref:`Intransitive<verb_intransitive>`, or :ref:`Linking<verb_linking>` . 
Linking verbs may also be referred to as *equative verbs*.

Transitive verbs require an object for the action of the verb. Therefore, transitive verbs
will always have an object for the verb.  The object may be stated or implied. The action of the verb is carried 
over into (or onto) an object of the verb. The direct object is a noun (or noun phrase) that receives the action of the 
transitive verb.   

  [Note]  Participles function as a verbal adjective and Infinitives function as a verbal noun.  Therefore participles and 
  infinitives can act like a transitive verb and take a direct object because both participles and infinitives can function 
  like a verb in a clause.  

Most verbs take their direct object in the acusative case, but some verbs take their dirct object in the genetive
or dative case. [See `Dative_Direct_object <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#id3>`_ or 
`Genitive_Subject-Object <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_genitive.html#id3>`_ and 
tables `Tables_4a_and_4b <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/verb_transitive.html#tables-4a-and-4b-case-of-direct-object-may-vary>`_ below.]

Intransitive verbs do not take an object.  

The verbal idea of the verb determines if a verb is transitive or intransitive.
Intransitive verbs may appear in the active, middle, or passive voice. Although most verbs in the passive voice are 
intransitive, there are a few instances where a verb in the passive voice is transitive.
See :ref:`Intransitive<verb_intransitive>` verb.


Some verbs can be transitive in one sentence and intransitive in another sentence.   
ἐσθίω (2nd aorist of ἔφαγον ) is a verb which can be both transitive or intransitive depending upon the context.

ἐσθέω is transitive in Matthew 12:4 

.. csv-table:: Table Tran 2
  :Header-rows: 1

  Matthew 12:4
  τοὺς,ἄρτους,τῆς,Προθέσεως,**ἔφαγεν**
  tous,artous,tēs,Protheseōs,**ephagen**
  the,bread,the,of the setting forth/presentation,**they ate**

… *they* **ate**  *the  bread of the presence*


ἐσθέω is intransitive in the following example from Mark 6:42.

.. csv-table:: Table Tran 3
  :Header-rows: 1

  Mark 6:42
  καὶ,**ἔφαγον**,πάντες,καὶ,ἐχορτάσθησαν
  kai,**ephagon**,pantes,kai,echortasthēsan
  and,**they ate**,all,and,they were satisfied

*and they all* **ate** *and were satisfied.*


Tables 4a and 4b Case of Direct object may vary
_______________________________________________

The following two tables (4a and 4b) are an example of a single sentence with three different transitive verbs.
However, each verb takes its object in a different case.   
  * ἀκούω (present active indicative third person plural *ἀκούουσιν*) takes its object in the Genitive case.  
  * γινώσκω (present active indicative first person singular *γινώσκω*  ) takes its object in the Accusative case. 
  * ἀκολουθἐω (present active indicative third person plural *ἀκολουθοῦσίν*) takes its object in the Dative case.

.. csv-table::  Table 4a
  :Header-rows: 1

  John 10:27a
  τὰ,πρόβατα,τὰ,ἐμὰ,τῆς,**φωνῆς**,μου,*ἀκούουσιν*
  ta,probata,ta,ema,tēs,**phōnēs**,mou,*akouousin*
  the,sheep,the,my,the,**voice**,my,*they hear*

My sheep *hear* my **voice**;



.. csv-table::  Table 4b
  :Header-rows: 1

  John 10:27b
  κἀγὼ,*γινώσκω*,**αὐτά**,καὶ,*ἀκολουθοῦσίν*,**μοι**
  kagō,*ginōskō*,**auta**,kai,*akolouthousin*,**moi**
  and I,*I Know*,**them**,and,*they follow*,**me**

  and I *know* **them**, and they *follow* **me**.