See in Reader
Update 'content/conjunction.rst'
This commit is contained in:
Joel D. Ruark
parent
4b3adf707e
commit
e6c5f6c1b8
|
|
@ -9,28 +9,28 @@ Summary
|
|||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs. The most common conjunctions in English are
|
||||
"and," "or," "but," and "for." Some particles in Biblical Hebrew are closely related to conjunctions.
|
||||
"and," "or," "but," and "for." Some particles in Biblical Aramaic are closely related to conjunctions.
|
||||
|
||||
Article
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
Biblical Hebrew contains only one primary conjunction (the prefix וְ),
|
||||
Biblical Aramaic contains only one primary conjunction (the prefix וְ),
|
||||
but a whole family of other words also function as conjunctions. A
|
||||
conjunction is a word that shows a relationship between two different
|
||||
words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs. In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`particles<particle>`
|
||||
words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs. In Biblical Aramaic, :ref:`particles<particle>`
|
||||
and conjunctions are often combined with each other to form compound conjunctions.
|
||||
Compound conjunctions should not be considered merely as the sum of the
|
||||
components, but rather as a single grammatical entity with its own range
|
||||
of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual
|
||||
component words.
|
||||
|
||||
Generally, there are eight different kinds of conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew: :ref:`conjunctive<conjunction-conjunctive>` ("and");
|
||||
Generally, there are eight different kinds of conjunctions in Biblical Aramaic: :ref:`conjunctive<conjunction-conjunctive>` ("and");
|
||||
:ref:`alternative<conjunction-alternative>` ("or"); :ref:`contrastive<conjunction-contrastive>` ("but");
|
||||
:ref:`causal<conjunction-causal>` ("for"); :ref:`conditional<conjunction-conditional>` ("if");
|
||||
:ref:`concessive<conjunction-concessive>` ("except"); :ref:`affirmative<conjunction-affirmative>` ("surely");
|
||||
:ref:`restrictive<conjunction-restrictive>` ("only"). Many conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew have potential to function in multiple categories.
|
||||
:ref:`restrictive<conjunction-restrictive>` ("only"). Many conjunctions in Biblical Aramaic have potential to function in multiple categories.
|
||||
|
||||
Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel).
|
||||
Sentences in Biblical Aramaic often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel).
|
||||
This conjunction וְ ("and") cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to another word as a prefix.
|
||||
This can be added to a :ref:`noun<noun>`, a :ref:`verb<verb>`, a :ref:`pronoun<pronoun>`, or a :ref:`particle<particle>`.
|
||||
The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the definite article) or qamets
|
||||
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the
|
|||
sentence or clause, or when it appears within the sequential verbal
|
||||
forms (:ref:`verb_sequential_perfect` and :ref:`verb_sequential_imperfect`).
|
||||
Also, the conjunction is often added between every item of a list in
|
||||
Biblical Hebrew; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item.
|
||||
Biblical Aramaic; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item.
|
||||
|
||||
-וְ
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
|
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ English. This kind of conjunction can be used either comparatively (joining sim
|
|||
"But from the tree of the knowledge of good **and evil** you may not
|
||||
eat"
|
||||
|
||||
In Biblical Hebrew, when a conjunctive conjunction connects two events that happen at the same time, it has a similar meaning to a conditional conjunction expressing an actual condition. In these cases, the conjunction
|
||||
In Biblical Aramaic, when a conjunctive conjunction connects two events that happen at the same time, it has a similar meaning to a conditional conjunction expressing an actual condition. In these cases, the conjunction
|
||||
can be translated as “while” or “when” in English.
|
||||
|
||||
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:5
|
||||
|
|
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ This kind of conjunction is often translated “even” (or is sometimes left un
|
|||
ֹאו
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The word אוֹ is the standard :ref:`alternative<conjunction-alternative>` conjunction in Biblical Hebrew,
|
||||
The word אוֹ is the standard :ref:`alternative<conjunction-alternative>` conjunction in Biblical Aramaic,
|
||||
usually translated as "or" in English.
|
||||
|
||||
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 21:32
|
||||
|
|
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ usually translated as "or" in English.
|
|||
|
||||
.. include:: includes/ci_flexible.txt
|
||||
|
||||
The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, and
|
||||
The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Aramaic, and
|
||||
is usually translated as "for" in English. However, it is also commonly
|
||||
used as a conditional conjunction (usually translated, "if"). Often,
|
||||
כִּי is conditional when it occurs at the beginning of a sentence and
|
||||
|
|
@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as
|
|||
Conditional
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Hebrew. This
|
||||
This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Aramaic. This
|
||||
conjunction can describe either a hypothetical condition or an actual
|
||||
condition, as determined by the context.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ meaning of the word in any specific instance.
|
|||
אִם
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Hebrew is also
|
||||
.. note:: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Aramaic is also
|
||||
extremely flexible in its meaning. If in doubt, it is recommended to
|
||||
always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of the word
|
||||
in any specific instance.
|
||||
|
|
@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ meaning of the word in any specific instance.
|
|||
Conditional
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Hebrew.
|
||||
The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Aramaic.
|
||||
It is most often used to describe a hypothetical condition and
|
||||
translated as "if" in English. However, this term can can be nuanced and
|
||||
translated in a variety of specific ways, and it can be joined with
|
||||
|
|
@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ usually translated as "or" in English.
|
|||
וְעַתָּה
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Hebrew often functions as a temporal adverb
|
||||
The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Aramaic often functions as a temporal adverb
|
||||
in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a
|
||||
sentence or clause, it usually functions not as an adverb but as a
|
||||
conjunction, either standing alone or as a compound conjunction (when
|
||||
|
|
@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ that...not" (or similar phrasing) in English.
|
|||
רַק
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The word רַק is the standard restrictive conjunction in Biblical Hebrew. A restrictive conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase
|
||||
The word רַק is the standard restrictive conjunction in Biblical Aramaic. A restrictive conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase
|
||||
as unique within its context. Sometimes this restrictive function emphasizes a particular item as the most important or most
|
||||
prominent; in these cases, the conjunction is similar in meaning to an :ref:`affirmative<conjunction-affirmative>` conjunction.
|
||||
At other times, however, this restrictive function introduces a particular limitation to something previously expressed; in
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue