From e6c5f6c1b8e79419a1093a1828149b1dedf59197 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Joel D. Ruark" Date: Thu, 12 Aug 2021 17:41:18 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update 'content/conjunction.rst' --- content/conjunction.rst | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/conjunction.rst b/content/conjunction.rst index 4d0132f..b88fd89 100644 --- a/content/conjunction.rst +++ b/content/conjunction.rst @@ -9,28 +9,28 @@ Summary ------- Conjunctions connect words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs. The most common conjunctions in English are -"and," "or," "but," and "for." Some particles in Biblical Hebrew are closely related to conjunctions. +"and," "or," "but," and "for." Some particles in Biblical Aramaic are closely related to conjunctions. Article ------- -Biblical Hebrew contains only one primary conjunction (the prefix וְ), +Biblical Aramaic contains only one primary conjunction (the prefix וְ), but a whole family of other words also function as conjunctions. A conjunction is a word that shows a relationship between two different -words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs. In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`particles` +words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs. In Biblical Aramaic, :ref:`particles` and conjunctions are often combined with each other to form compound conjunctions. Compound conjunctions should not be considered merely as the sum of the components, but rather as a single grammatical entity with its own range of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual component words. -Generally, there are eight different kinds of conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew: :ref:`conjunctive` ("and"); +Generally, there are eight different kinds of conjunctions in Biblical Aramaic: :ref:`conjunctive` ("and"); :ref:`alternative` ("or"); :ref:`contrastive` ("but"); :ref:`causal` ("for"); :ref:`conditional` ("if"); :ref:`concessive` ("except"); :ref:`affirmative` ("surely"); -:ref:`restrictive` ("only"). Many conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew have potential to function in multiple categories. +:ref:`restrictive` ("only"). Many conjunctions in Biblical Aramaic have potential to function in multiple categories. -Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel). +Sentences in Biblical Aramaic often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel). This conjunction וְ ("and") cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to another word as a prefix. This can be added to a :ref:`noun`, a :ref:`verb`, a :ref:`pronoun`, or a :ref:`particle`. The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the definite article) or qamets @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the sentence or clause, or when it appears within the sequential verbal forms (:ref:`verb_sequential_perfect` and :ref:`verb_sequential_imperfect`). Also, the conjunction is often added between every item of a list in - Biblical Hebrew; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item. + Biblical Aramaic; but in English the וְ is not translated for each item. -וְ ---- @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ English. This kind of conjunction can be used either comparatively (joining sim "But from the tree of the knowledge of good **and evil** you may not eat" -In Biblical Hebrew, when a conjunctive conjunction connects two events that happen at the same time, it has a similar meaning to a conditional conjunction expressing an actual condition. In these cases, the conjunction +In Biblical Aramaic, when a conjunctive conjunction connects two events that happen at the same time, it has a similar meaning to a conditional conjunction expressing an actual condition. In these cases, the conjunction can be translated as “while” or “when” in English. .. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:5 @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ This kind of conjunction is often translated “even” (or is sometimes left un ֹאו ---- -The word אוֹ is the standard :ref:`alternative` conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, +The word אוֹ is the standard :ref:`alternative` conjunction in Biblical Aramaic, usually translated as "or" in English. .. csv-table:: Example: EXO 21:32 @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ usually translated as "or" in English. .. include:: includes/ci_flexible.txt -The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Hebrew, and +The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Aramaic, and is usually translated as "for" in English. However, it is also commonly used as a conditional conjunction (usually translated, "if"). Often, כִּי is conditional when it occurs at the beginning of a sentence and @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as Conditional ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Hebrew. This +This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Aramaic. This conjunction can describe either a hypothetical condition or an actual condition, as determined by the context. @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ meaning of the word in any specific instance. אִם ---- -.. note:: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Hebrew is also +.. note:: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Aramaic is also extremely flexible in its meaning. If in doubt, it is recommended to always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of the word in any specific instance. @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ meaning of the word in any specific instance. Conditional ~~~~~~~~~~~ -The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Hebrew. +The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Aramaic. It is most often used to describe a hypothetical condition and translated as "if" in English. However, this term can can be nuanced and translated in a variety of specific ways, and it can be joined with @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ usually translated as "or" in English. וְעַתָּה ---- -The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Hebrew often functions as a temporal adverb +The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Aramaic often functions as a temporal adverb in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a sentence or clause, it usually functions not as an adverb but as a conjunction, either standing alone or as a compound conjunction (when @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ that...not" (or similar phrasing) in English. רַק ---- -The word רַק is the standard restrictive conjunction in Biblical Hebrew. A restrictive conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase +The word רַק is the standard restrictive conjunction in Biblical Aramaic. A restrictive conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase as unique within its context. Sometimes this restrictive function emphasizes a particular item as the most important or most prominent; in these cases, the conjunction is similar in meaning to an :ref:`affirmative` conjunction. At other times, however, this restrictive function introduces a particular limitation to something previously expressed; in