Andley_BG4e/Syntax/§313.md

間接受格

當 C or A？

• Leedy (2019)
  • The basic rule of thumb is obvious: transitive verbs take objects, direct and indirect. But occasionally the dative with a transitive verb seems clearly = to express a person advantaged or disadvantaged by the action rather than someone indirectly acted upon.
    • Mar 5:19 ὅσαὅσοςhow muchK-APN ὁὁtheT-NSM ΚύριόςκύριοςLordN-NSM σοισύfor youP-2DS πεποίηκενποιέωdidV-RAI-3S
      • σοι 當 A (adverbial idea of personal interest)
      • σοι 當 C (Jesus performed the action of doing directly upon the “things” [ὅσα] and indirectly upon the man)
      • 根據 BDAG，當 A 比較好。
    • Mar 6:21 ἩρῴδηςἩρώδηςHerodN-NSM-P τοῖςὁon theT-DPN γενεσίοιςγενέσια, γενέθλιοςbirthdayN-DPN αὐτοῦαὐτόςof himP-GSM δεῖπνονδεῖπνονa banquetN-ASN ἐποίησενποιέωmadeV-AAI-3S τοῖςὁto theT-DPM μεγιστᾶσινμεγιστάνgreat menN-DPM αὐτοῦαὐτόςof himP-GSM
      • τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ 只能當 A (利益間接受格)
    • Luk 7:5 τὴνὁtheT-ASF συναγωγὴνσυναγωγήsynagogueN-ASF αὐτὸςαὐτόςheP-NSM ᾠκοδόμησενοἰκοδομέωbuiltV-AAI-3S ἡμῖν.ἐγώfor usP-1DP
      • ἡμῖν = A (利益間接受格)

AGG

• Objective Dative (AGG §174) ⇒ Oi/O^dat；補語 (C)
  • a) 有些動詞常常會帶兩個補語，一個直接受格、一個間接受格 (AGG §174a)
    結構：S—P—C(Od: direct object)—C(Oi: indirect object)
    • παρέχω = to grant sth. to s.o.
    • ἐμφανίζω = to make sth. visible = to s.o.
    • χαρίζομαι = to grant (also forgive) sth. to s.o.
    • φανερόω = to reveal sth. to s.o.
    • δείκνυμι = to show sth. to s.o.
    • γνωρίζω = to make sth. known to s.o.
    • ἀποκαλύπτω = to disclose/reveal sth. to s.o.
    • ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯言說寫動詞⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
    • λέγω = to say sth. to. s.o. (also πρός + acc. for Oi)
    • λαλέω = to say sth. to s.o. (also μετά + gen. for Oi)
    • γράφω = to write sth. to s.o.
    • ἐπιστέλλω = to write sth. to s.o.
    • ἀναγγέλλω = to report sth. to s.o.
  • b) 有些動詞常帶一個間接受格當補語 (AGG §174b)
    結構：S—P—C(O^dat dative object)
    • a) verbs signifying to serve, to minister:
      • δουλεύω, διακονέω, λατρεύω
    • b) verbs signifying to believe, to trust:
      • πιστεύω, πέποιθα
        • (πιστεύω 39× with O^dat, 48× with εἰς+acc., 22× with ὅτι-clause, less frequently with ἐπί/ἐν)
    • c) verbs signifying to obey:
      • ὑπακούω, πείθομαι
    • d) verbs signifying to command:
      • ἐπιτάσσω, παραγγέλλω
  • c) 有些動詞會把以上兩種情況混搭使用 (AGG §174c)
    • εὐαγγελίζομαι = to announce/proclaim good news
      • 大多是 S—P—C(Od)—C(Oi)；偶而也有 S—P—C(O^dat)
    • προσκυνέω = to pay homage to, to worship
• Dative of Association (AGG §179a) ⇒ O^dat；補語 (C)
  • ἀκολουθέω to follow s.o.
  • ἐγγίζω to approach s.o.
  • καταλλάσσομαι (Pass.) to be reconciled with/to s.o.
  • κοινωνέω (also + gen.) to have a share in sth. (Ga 6:6 1Pe 4:13 etc.)
  • κολλάομαι to join s.o., to be united to s.o. (1Cor 6:17 etc.)
  • ὁμοιόω to make the same as sth./s.o., to compare with/to sth./s.o. (He 2:17 etc.)
  • προσέρχομαι to approach sth./s.o. (He 7:25 etc.)
  • χρήομαι/χράομαι (↑84c) to make use of sth.
• Dative of Manner (AGG §180b) ⇒ ManC；補語 (C)
  • πορεύομαι
  • στοιχέω
  • περιπατέω