mirror of https://git.door43.org/Andley/BG4e
223 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
223 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
#### BW10 統計 (NA28)
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- 對等連接詞 14209
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- καί 8163
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- δέ 2791
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- γάρ 1041
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- ἀλλά 638
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- οὖν 498
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- ἤ 343
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- τέ 215
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- οὐδέ 93
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- οὔτε 87
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- καί 70
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- εἴτε 65
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- διό 53
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- καί+ἐγώ 43
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- μήτε 34
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- πλήν 27
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- καί+ἐκεῖθεν 10
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- καί+ἐκεῖ 9
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- καί+ἐάν 7
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- καί+ἐκεῖνος 3
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- τοίνυν 3
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- διόπερ 2
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- καί+ἐγώ 2
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- καί+ἐγώ 2
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- καί+ἐκεῖνος 2
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- καί+ἐκεῖνος 2
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- καί+ἐκεῖνος 2
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- ἤτοι 1
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- καί+ἐγώ 1
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- καί+ἐκεῖνος 1
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- καί+ἐκεῖνος 1
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- 從屬連接詞 4024
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- ὅτι 1291
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- ἵνα 663
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- ὡς 480
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- εἰ 457
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- ἐάν 268
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- καθώς 182
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- ὅταν 123
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- ὅτε 103
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- ὥστε 83
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- ὅπου 82
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- ὅπως 53
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- ἕως 38
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- ὥσπερ 36
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- ἐπεί 26
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- διότι 23
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- μήποτε 22
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- καθάπερ 13
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- πρίν 13
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- ἐπειδή 10
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- καί+ἐάν 7
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- καί+ἐάν 7
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- εἴπερ 6
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- καθότι 6
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- ἄχρι 5
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- καίπερ 5
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- καθό 4
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- ἐάνπερ 3
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- ἐπάν 3
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- ὁσάκις 3
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- ἡνίκα 2
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- ἐπειδήπερ 1
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- ἤπερ 1
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- καθά 1
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- καθώσπερ 1
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- καίτοιγε 1
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- μέχρι 1
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- ὡσπερεί 1
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#### Accordance 統計 (NA28)
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Total number of verses = 7323
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(total number of verses displayed = 7323)
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[CONJUNCTION] (17570 total words)
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Number of different forms = 70:
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(Triple-click a form to see its occurrences)
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- Coordinating = 13738
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- καί and, also, even, and yet, but = 8236
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- δέ but, and, now = 2649
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- γάρ for, since, then, indeed = 1041
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- ἀλλά (ἄλλος) but, rather, on the contrary = 638
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- οὖν therefore, thus = 498
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- τέ and, so, both/and = 215
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- οὐδέ (οὐ, δέ) and not, neither, nor, not even = 93
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- οὔτε (οὐ, τέ) neither = 87
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- διό (διά, ὅς) therefore = 53
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- μηδέ (μή, δέ) nor, and not = 50
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- ἄρα (ἀρά_1) then, therefore = 37
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- μήτε (μή, τέ) and not; neither . . . nor = 34
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- πλήν (πληρόω) (+gen) only, except (prep.); but, nevertheless (conj.) = 27
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- εἰ if; whether = 20
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- καθάπερ (κατά, ὅς, περ) as, just as, like = 13
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- ὅθεν (ὅς, θεν) therefore, where, from where = 9
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- μέντοι (μέν, τοι) but, nevertheless = 8
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- ἱνατί (ἵνα, τίς) why, to what reason? = 6
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- ἵνα that, in order that, so that = 4
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- ὥστε (ὡς, τέ) so that, in order that, thus = 4
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- ὅτι (ὅς, τίς) that, because, since; why? = 3
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- διόπερ (διά, ὅς, περ) therefore, therefore indeed = 2
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- διότι (διά, ὅς) because, for, therefore = 2
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- καθότι (κατά, ὅς) because, for, as = 2
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- μήποτε (μή, ποῦ) lest, perhaps = 2
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- τοιγαροῦν (τοι, γάρ, οὖν) therefore, then = 2
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- καθώς (κατά, ὡς) as, just as, inasmuch as = 1
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- καθώσπερ (κατά, ὡς, περ) as, just as = 1
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- πότερον (ποῦ, ἕτερος) whether = 1
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- Subordinating = 3737
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- ὅτι (ὅς, τίς) that, because, since; why? = 1291
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- ἵνα that, in order that, so that = 659
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- εἰ if; whether = 476
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- ἐάν_1 (εἰ, ἄν_1) if = 270
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- ὡς as, like, while, that; (interjection) how! = 188
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- καθώς (κατά, ὡς) as, just as, inasmuch as = 180
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- ὅταν (ὅς, ἄν) when, whenever = 123
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- ὅτε (ὅς, τέ) when, while = 103
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- ὥστε (ὡς, τέ) so that, in order that, thus = 78
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- εἴτε (εἰ, τέ) or, either/or, even if = 65
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- ὅπως (ποῦ) so that, in order that; how that = 53
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- μή not, lest = 43
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- ἕως_1 (ἕως) until; when, up to, as far as = 38
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- ὥσπερ (ὡς, περ) as, just as = 29
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- ἐπεί since, because, when; otherwise = 26
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- διότι (διά, ὅς) because, for, therefore = 21
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- μήποτε (μή, ποῦ) lest, perhaps = 20
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- πρίν (πρό) before; (adv) formerly = 13
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- ἄρα (ἀρά_1) then, therefore = 12
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- ἐπειδή (ἐπεί, δή) since, because, for = 10
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- εἴπερ (εἰ, περ) since, if it is true that = 6
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- ἄχρι (ἀκή) (+gen) up to, as far as; (conj) until = 5
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- καίπερ (καί, περ) though = 5
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- καθότι (κατά, ὅς) because, for, as = 4
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- ἄν_2 (εἰ, ἄν_1) if = 3
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- ἐάνπερ (εἰ, ἄν_1, περ) if only, if indeed = 3
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- ἐπάν (ἐπί, ἄν) when, as soon as = 3
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- ἡνίκα when = 2
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- καίτοι (καί, τοι) yet, and yet, although = 2
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- δέ but, and, now = 1
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- ἐπειδήπερ (ἐπεί, δή, περ) inasmuch as, since = 1
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- καθά (κατά, ὅς) as, just as = 1
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- καίτοιγε (καί, τοι, γε) although = 1
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- μέχρι (+gen) up to (prep.); until (conj.) = 1
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- οὗ (ὅς) where, to where = 1
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- (no Class) = 95
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- κἀγώ (καί, ἐγώ) and I (crasis) = 47
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- κἄν (καί, εἰ, ἄν) and if = 15
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- κἀκεῖνος (καί, ἐκεῖ) and that one, even that one (crasis) = 13
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- κἀκεῖθεν (καί, ἐκεῖ, θεν) and from there (crasis) = 10
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- κἀκεῖ (καί, ἐκεῖ) and there (crasis) = 9
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- καί and, also, even, and yet, but = 1
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---
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Randall Buth, "Οὖν, Δέ, Καί and Asyndeton in John's Gospel," in _Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis_, ed. David Alan Black, Katherine Barnwell, and Stephen Levinsohn (Nashville, Tenn: B&H Academic, 1993), 157.
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![[../images/Buth-1993.png]]
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---
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Kermit Tutrud, “The Function of Καί in the Greek New Testament and an Application to 2 Peter,” in _Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis_, ed. David Alan Black, Katherine Barnwell, and Stephen Levinsohn (Nashville, Tenn: B&H Academic, 1993), 256.
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![[../images/Pasted image 20211111094356.png]]
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Kermit Tutrud, “The Function of Καί in the Greek New Testament and an Application to 2 Peter,” in _Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis_, ed. David Alan Black, Katherine Barnwell, and Stephen Levinsohn (Nashville, Tenn: B&H Academic, 1993), 257.
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![[../images/Pasted image 20211111094902.png]]
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Kermit Tutrud, “The Function of Καί in the Greek New Testament and an Application to 2 Peter,” in _Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis_, ed. David Alan Black, Katherine Barnwell, and Stephen Levinsohn (Nashville, Tenn: B&H Academic, 1993), 258.
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![[../images/Pasted image 20211111094923.png]]
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---
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Stanley E. Porter et al., eds., _Modeling Biblical Language: Selected Papers from the McMaster Divinity College Linguistics Circle_ (Linguistic Biblical Studies 13; Leiden ; Boston: Brill, 2016), Chapter 13.
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SFL : 表達 ideation --- ideation 下面又區分:experience & logic。
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表達 logic 有三種方法:recursion ()、logico-semantics、taxis (排列)
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1) recursion : stop/go-on
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2) logico-semantics: extension/elaboration/enhancement
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![[../images/Pasted image 20220501171600.png]]
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3) taxis: hypotactic/paratactic
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![[../images/Pasted image 20220501171536.png]]
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![[../images/Pasted image 20220501171644.png]]
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Note: 2) 和 3) 互補,但有關連:
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- enhancement —— 透過 hypotactic (從屬連接詞)
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- extension —— 透過 paratctic (對等連接詞)
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- elaboration —— hypotactic、paratctic 兩種都有可能
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另外,內嵌子句可以用於 enhancement (當形容詞用的時候)、extension (當副詞用的時候)、elaboration (表達讓步的時候)
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整合起來看 (p. 405):
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![[../images/Pasted image 20220501173624.png]]
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---
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Porter & O'Donnell - - Conjunctions, Clines and Levels of Discourse
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- Vertical Axis of Levels of Discourse
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- 連結 word-word; phrase-phrase; clause-clause; paragraph-paragraph
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- Horizontal Axis of Continuity-Discontinuity (p.10) ⇐ 全是對等連接詞
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![[../images/Pasted image 20220501201115.png]]
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- The Cline of Logical-Semantic Significance (p. 11) ⇐ 全是從屬連接詞
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![[../images/Pasted image 20220501200938.png]] |