2022-12-02 01:30:51 +00:00
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2022-09-27 00:11:10 +00:00
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[The grammar – Koine-Greek](https://koine-greek.com/the-grammar/?fbclid=IwAR1QXMZ5VNphmUPqFZe-9m3YSgosnf2f1QQziG-fyQ2SoY4Q1TUFC8r62j4)
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## Preliminaries
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### 0. Introduction: The approach of this grammar
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#### 0.1 The intended audience
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##### 0.1.1 Translators
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##### 0.1.2 Linguists
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#### 0.2 Greek grammars & linguistic adequacy
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#### 0.3 The theoretical perspective
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##### 0.3.1 Cognitive
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##### 0.3.1.1 The rejection of classical categories
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##### 0.3.1.2 Language and the embodied mind
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##### 0.3.1.3 Prototypes & gestalts
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##### 0.3.1.4 Emergence & complex systems
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#### 0.3.2 Functional
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##### 0.3.2.1 Motivated syntax
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##### 0.3.2.2 Iconicity in form and function
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#### 0.3.3 Descriptive
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##### 0.3.3.1 Sources of data
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##### 0.3.3.2 Methodology for analysis
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#### 0.4 Conclusion & summary
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## Part I: Parts-of-speech and morphosyntax
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### 1. Verbal inflectional categories
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#### 1.1 Valance & Valency alternating morphology
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##### 1.1.1 Transitivity and embodiment
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##### 1.1.2 Prototypical transitive events
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##### 1.1.3 Event energy source
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##### 1.1.4 Event energy direction
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##### 1.1.5 Notes on activa tantum and media tantum verbs
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#### 1.2 Aspect
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##### 1.2.1 Perfective
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##### 1.2.2 Imperfective
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##### 1.2.3 Completive-resultative
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#### 1.3 Tense
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##### 1.3.1 Past
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##### 1.3.2 Non-past
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##### 1.3.3 Future
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#### 1.4 Mood/modality
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#### 1.4.1 Indicative: The unmarked/default mood
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##### 1.4.2 Subjunctive: Epistemic modality
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##### 1.4.3 Optative: Remote epistemic modality
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##### 1.4.4 Imperative: Deontic modality & illocutionary force
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##### 1.4.5 Exhortatives: interlocutors & participant reference
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#### 1.5 Subject agreement
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##### 1.5.1 Person
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##### 1.5.2 Number
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### 2. Inflectional morphology of the verb
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### 3. Auxiliary verbs
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#### 3.1 Types of auxiliaries
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#### 3.2 Periphrasis
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#### 3.3 Auxiliaries and participles
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### 4. Verbal derivational morphology
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#### 4.1 Infinitive
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#### 4.2 Participle
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#### 4.3 Compounding & similar processes
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##### 4.3.1 Pre-verb attachment/directionals
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##### 4.3.2 Compounding
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##### 4.3.3 Noun incorporation
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### 5. Nominal inflectional categories
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#### 5.1 Gender
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##### 5.1.1 Gender as noun class
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##### 5.1.2 Masculine
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##### 5.1.3 Feminine
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##### 5.1.4 Neuter
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##### 5.1.5 Gender in nouns
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##### 5.1.6 Gender agreement & co-indexing
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#### 5.2 Number
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##### 5.2.1 Singular
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##### 5.2.2 Plural
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##### 5.2.3 Dual*
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#### 6. Inflectional Morphology of the Noun
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#### 7. Inflectional Morphology of the Adjective
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##### 7.1 Adjective inflection classes and iconicity
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##### 7.2 Formal relationships among adjective classes
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#### 8. Inflectional morphology of quantifiers
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#### 9. Other derivational morphology
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##### 9.1 Nominalization
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##### 9.2 Modifier derivation
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#### 10. Referential & deictic system
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##### 10.1 Interlocutives
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###### 10.1.1 Personal pronouns
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###### 10.1.2 Possessive pronouns
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###### 10.1.3 Reflexive pronouns
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##### 10.2 Non-interlocutives
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###### 10.2.1 Definite
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###### 10.2.1.1 Substitutive
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###### 10.2.1.1.1 Personal
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###### 10.2.1.1.2 Demonstrative
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###### 10.2.1.2 Non-substitutive
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##### 10.2.2 Non-definite
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###### 10.2.2.1 Indefinite
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###### 10.2.2.2 Interrogative
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#### 10.2.3 Relative
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#### 10.2.4 Correlative
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#### 11. Prepositions
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#### 12. Other lexical classes
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#### 12.1 Adverbs
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#### 12.2 Negators
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#### 12.3 Connectives
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#### 12.4 Interjectives
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## Part II: Syntax, semantics, & discourse
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### 1. An overview of syntax & semantics
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#### 1.1 The layered structure of the clause
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##### 1.1.1 The nucleus, core, and clause
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##### 1.1.2 Verbal and non-verbal predicates
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##### 1.1.3 Arguments & Adjuncts
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##### 1.1.4 Special syntactic positions
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##### 1.1.5 Operators
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#### 1.2 Predicate-types
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##### 1.2.1 States
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##### 1.2.2 Activities & active achievements
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##### 1.2.3 Achievements
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##### 1.2.4 Accomplishment
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##### 1.2.5 Semelfactives
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##### 1.2.6 Causatives
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#### 1.3 Sentence Prosody: Prominence and Pauses
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#### 1.4 Information Packaging in the Clause
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#### 1.5 Conclusion: A construction-driven approach
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### 2. The simplex clause
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#### 2.1 Default clause structure
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##### 2.1.1 Natural information flow & information structure
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##### 2.1.2 Constituent order & prosody within the core
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##### 2.1.3 Declaratives
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##### 2.1.4 Content Questions
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##### 2.1.5 Yes/No Questions
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##### 2.1.6 Commands and prohibitions
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#### 2.2 Marked clause structures
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##### 2.2.1 Prosody, constituent order & the pre-core slot
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##### 2.2.2 Prosody, constituent order & the detached positions
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##### 2.2.3 Marked topic constructions
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##### 2.2.4 Marked focus constructions
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#### 2.3 Other constructions
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##### 2.3.1 Noun incorporation and other ditransitive constructions
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##### 2.3.2 Predicate types of clause constructions
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##### 2.3.3 Constructions involving operators in the clause
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### 3. The simple reference phrase (i.e. the noun phrase)
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#### 3.1 Major functions of the reference phrase
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#### 3.2 Basic noun phrase structure
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##### 3.2.1 Constituent structure
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###### 3.2.1.1 Layered Structure of the noun phrase
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###### 3.2.1.2 NP Arguments
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###### 3.2.1.3 NP Adjuncts
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##### 3.2.2 Noun phrase operators
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###### 3.2.2.1 Deixis
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###### 3.2.2.2 Identifiability
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###### 3.2.2.3 Specificity
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###### 3.2.2.4 Negation
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###### 3.2.2.5 Quantification
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###### 3.2.2.6 Aspect
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#### 3.3 Noun phrases and information structure
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#### 3.4 Lexical Nominalization
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##### 3.4.1 Processes for forming nouns from lexical verbs
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##### 3.4.2 Syntactic collocation
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###### 3.4.2.1 Assimilation of arguments to NP syntax
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###### 3.4.2.2 Unexpressed arguments
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### 4. Prepositional phrases
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### 5. An introduction to complex constructions
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### 6. Coordinate constructions
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#### 6.1 The semantics of connectives
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6.2 The structure of coordination
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6.3 Postpositives
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### 7. Subordination & co-subordination
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#### 7.1 Subordinate clauses with clause linkage markers
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#### 7.2 Infinitives
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##### 7.2.1 Infinitives as arguments
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##### 7.2.2 Infinitives as adjuncts
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##### 7.2.3 Infinitives as complex predicates
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#### 7.3 Participles
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##### 7.3.1 Participles as arguments
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##### 7.3.2 Participles as adjuncts
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##### 7.3.3 Participles as complex predicates
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### 8. Insubordination
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### 9. Prepositional phrases
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#### 9.1 Prepositional phrases as adjuncts
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#### 9.2 Prepositional phrases as arguments
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#### 9.3 Prepositional phrases between adjuncts & arguments
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### 10. Complex reference phrases
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#### 10.1 Participles within the reference phrase
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#### 10.2 Relative clauses
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##### 10.2.1 Headed relative clauses
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##### 10.2.2 Non-headed relative clauses
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### 11. Discourse structure
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#### 11.1 Sentence processing
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#### 11.2 Sentence fragments and interjections
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#### 11.3 Self-repair & Correction
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### 12. Cohesion strategies
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### Appendices
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#### Appendix #1 – Middle voice systems in a typological context
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#### Appendix #2 – The Tense / Aspect non-debate
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#### Appendix #2 – The Greek Referential & Deictic System
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#### Appendix #3 – The Lexicon
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## Cross-referencing index for traditional grammar categories
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See in Reader
