PDF Josh 12

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Henry Whitney 2019-08-20 14:57:00 -04:00
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# eighty-seven thousand fighting men
# eighty-seven thousand mighty warriors
"87,000 fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
"87,000 mighty warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])

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All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
# 22,034 fighting men
# 22,034 mighty warriors
"twenty-two thousand and thirty-four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
# fathers' houses
# clans
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans"
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses

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"From Simeon" or "From the tribe of Simeon"
# 7,100 fighting men
# 7,100 mighty warriors
"seven thousand one hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
"seven thousand one hundred mighty warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])

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This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
# 20,800 fighting men
# 20,800 mighty warriors
"twenty thousand eight hundred fighting men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
"twenty thousand eight hundred mighty warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
# From the Ephraimites

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"When David had been king for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
# men of ability
# men of great ability
"capable men"

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If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]])
# a man of influence
# a man of great wealth
Possible meanings are 1) he was a wealthy man or 2) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man.
Possible other meanings are 1) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man.
# Kish ... Abiel ... Zeror ... Bekorath ... Aphiah

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# the leaders of the families who led the mighty men
# the leaders of the families who led the mighty warriors
"the family leaders who led the mighty men"
"the family leaders who led the mighty warriors"
# 2,600

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# Gentiles speaking in other languages and exalting God
# Gentiles speaking in tongues and exalting God
These were known spoken languages that caused the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God.

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It was the normal punishment for the Roman government to kill the guards if their prisoner escaped.
# Then he went down
# Then Herod went down
The phrase "went down" is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Judea.

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"placed his hands on them." He probably placed his hands on their shoulders or heads. Alternate translation: "placed his hands on their heads as he prayed"
# they spoke in other languages and prophesied
# they spoke in tongues and prophesied
Unlike in [Acts 2:3-4](../02/03.md), there are no details of who understood their messages.

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Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
# You will always speak
The word "always" is an exaggeration for speaking often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
# prosperous and successful
These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])

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# rebels against your commands and disobeys your words
# rebels against your commands ... disobeys the words you have commanded them
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])

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# spare the lives ... save us from death
# spare the lives ... deliver our souls from death
a polite way of saying "do not to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])

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# I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers
# I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its mighty warriors
Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]])

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# give honor to him
# give glory to Yahweh ... give praise to him
Achan has dishonored God by taking the items, but Joshua is giving Achan the chance to honor God by telling the truth.
Achan has dishonored God by taking the items and causing the death of his fellow Israelites ([Joshua 7:5](../07/05.md)), but Joshua is giving Achan the chance to give people a reason to praise God by acknowledging that God had indeed spoken to Israel by showing him to be guilty ([Joshua 7:16-18](../07/16.md)). This may be an idiom or dead metaphor. Alternate translation: "tell the truth to Yahweh ... confess to him" or "tell the truth before Yahweh ... confess before him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/idiom]])
# Do not hide it from me

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# Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them.
# Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also swore a vow to them.
These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])

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# The whole congregation was grumbling
# The whole community was grumbling
"All of the Israelites were grumbling"

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These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
# They set up their positions against Gibeon
# They encamped near Gibeon
This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.

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# Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing
# He completely destroyed everything that breathed
These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
"He killed all the people and animals"

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# Enaim
# Hebron
This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])

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This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]])
# a worthy man
# a man of great wealth
"a prominent, wealthy man." This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation.