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heads over the people
Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. AT: "leaders of the people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
capable men
What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. AT: "men who were able to lead" or "men who were able to judge" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens
Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. AT: "leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people" or 2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. AT: "leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups" See how you translated this in Exodus 18:21. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers)
circumstances
"situations"
The difficult cases they brought to Moses
The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. AT: "the difficult cases they told Moses about" or "when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
the small cases
"the easy cases"