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General Information:
Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
Jehoiada
the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)
showed his strength
He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah's rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. AT: "decided to act"
the commanders of hundreds
The phrase "commander of hundreds" is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are 1) the word "hundreds" represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. AT: "the commanders of 100 soldiers" or 2) the word translated as "hundreds" does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. AT: "the commanders of military divisions" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers)
entered into a covenant
"made an agreement"
Azariah ... Ishmael ... Azariah ... Maaseiah ... Elishaphat
These five men were the commanders of hundreds of soldiers. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)
Jeroham ... Jehohanan ... Obed ... Adaiah ... Zichri
These are men's names. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)
the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel
Here "heads" is a metaphor for the most important part. And "houses" represents the families. AT: "leaders of the founding families of Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
the king's son
Here, "king" refers to Joash's father. AT: "Joash, the son of the king"