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The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ... Galilee of the Gentiles! The people who sat
These territories describe the same area. The list of territories can be included in the following sentence. Alternate translation: "In the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali ... in the territory of Galilee where many Gentiles live, the people who sat"
The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light
Here "darkness" is a metaphor for not knowing the truth about God. And "light" is a metaphor for God's true message that saves people from their sin. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
to those who sat in the region and shadow of death, upon them has a light arisen
This basically has the same meaning as the first part of the sentence. Here "those who sat in the region and shadow of death" is a metaphor. It represents those who did not know God. These people were in danger of dying and being separated from God forever. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)