has an argument with

Another possible meaning is "goes to court against."

he rages and laughs

The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.

This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.

"they will not be able to settle the problem"

This idiom means to "want to kill." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)