en_tn/lam/01/17.md

Zion has spread her hands wide

Here Jerusalem no longer speaks about herself; instead the author describes Jerusalem. He speaks of Zion as if it were a woman that lifts up her hands to ask for help. Alternate translation: "Zion has reached out for help" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)

those around Jacob

"the people around Jacob" or "the nations surrounding Jacob"

around Jacob should be his adversaries

Here "Jacob" refers to his descendants, that is Israel. Alternate translation: "around Jacob's descendants should be their adversaries" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)

unclean

A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)