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You offspring of vipers
Here "offspring" means "having the characteristic of." Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. See how you translated a similar phrase in Matthew 3:7. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
You ... you
These are plural and refer to the Pharisees. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
how can you say good things?
Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees. Alternate translation: "you cannot say good things." or "you can only say evil things." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks
Here "heart" is a metonym for the thoughts in a person's mind. Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that represents a person as a whole. Alternate translation: "what a person says with his mouth reveals what is in his mind" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)