en_tn/1sa/17/26.md

takes away the disgrace from Israel

This can be expressed with the verb "disgrace." Alternate translation: "stops Israel from being disgraced" or "stops him from disgracing Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)

Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?

David said this to show his anger that this Philistine was defying God's army. Alternate translation: "This uncircumcised Philistine certainly has no power that he should defy the armies of the living God!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)

this uncircumcised Philistine

This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God.