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Connecting Statement:
This verse continues to describe a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
When David was told this
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: When David's messengers told him that a larger Aramean army was coming" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
he gathered ... He arranged
David did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. Alternate translation: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
all Israel
This is a generalization. Not every person in Israel came to fight. Alternate translation: "a very large number of Israelites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
He arranged
"He organized"
they fought him
Here "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. Alternate translation: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)