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General Information:
King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
what Joab ... did to me, and what he did
David is referring to the same thing twice. AT: "what Joab ... did to me—that is, what he did"
shed the blood of war in peace
Possible meanings are 1) "killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war" or 2) "took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet
Possible meanings are 1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or 2) the word "blood" is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab's authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace
Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a "gray head." AT: "make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)