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The city that went out with a thousand ... the one that went out with a hundred
These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. Alternate translation: "Cities that went out with a thousand ... cities that went out with a hundred" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun)
The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred remaining
The phrases "a thousand" and "a hundred" refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
The city that went out with a thousand
"The city that went out" represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. Alternate translation: "The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
will have a hundred remaining
"will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed" or "will have only a hundred soldiers still alive." Here "remaining" refers to not being killed by the enemy.
for the house of Israel
Possible meanings are 1) "to defend the house of Israel" or 2) "belonging to the house of Israel"
house of Israel
The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in Amos 5:1. Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)