Merge Jere_Sept_2024

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Craig Oliver 2024-10-01 11:19:25 -04:00
commit b3f0e11824
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# Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
"Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers"
# to cut off all supplies to it
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alte
# Jehoiakim king of Judah
This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
"the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah"

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# gave Nebuchadnezzar
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: "gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
"gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers"
# he gave him
@ -8,11 +8,7 @@ Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar
# He brought ... he placed
Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate translation: "They brought ... they placed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
# He brought them
Here "them" probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects.
"They brought ... they placed"
# in his god's treasury

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# Ashpenaz
This is the chief official. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
This is the chief official.

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# without blemish
These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: "with perfect appearance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]])
# filled with knowledge and understanding
This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
"with perfect appearance"
# king's palace

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# The king counted out for them
The king's officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: "The king's officials counted out for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"The king's officials counted out for them"
# his delicacies
@ -8,9 +8,5 @@ the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
# These young men were to be trained
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Ashpenaz was to train these young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# trained
"taught skills"
"Ashpenaz was to teach these young men"

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# The chief official
This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar's highest official.
# Belteshazzar ... Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego
These are all men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
These are all men's names.

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# Daniel intended in his mind
Here "mind" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: "Daniel decided to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
"Daniel decided to himself"
# pollute himself
To "pollute" something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God's law. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "make himself unclean according to God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
# delicacies
This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in [Daniel 1:3](../01/03.md).
"make himself unclean according to God's law"

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# General Information:
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# Why should he see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age?
The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. Alternate translation: "He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
"He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age."
# The king might have my head
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "The king might cut off my head" or "The king might kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
"The king might cut off my head" or "The king might kill me"

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# General Information:
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# General Information:
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# compare our appearance with the appearance
Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. Alternate translation: "compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance"
"compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance"

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# their appearance ... they were
The pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
This refers to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
# nourished

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# their delicacies ... their wine ... gave them
All of these pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
This refers to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.

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# God gave them knowledge and insight
This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "knowledge" and "insight" can be expressed as the verbs "learn" and "understand." Alternate translation: "God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly"
# in all literature and wisdom
Here "all" is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. Alternate translation: "in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
"in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied"

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# General Information:
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# The king spoke with them
The king spoke with the "four young men" ([Daniel 1:17](../01/17.md)).
The king spoke with the "four young men"
# among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]])
# Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md).
"Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group"

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# ten times better
Here "ten times" is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: "much better" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
"much better"

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# Daniel 1 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### Training for government jobs
Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Food laws
The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king's food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Links:
* __[Daniel 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[Daniel intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

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# In the second year
"In year two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]])
"In year two"
# he had dreams
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# His mind was troubled
Here "mind" refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: "His thoughts disturbed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# and he could not sleep
His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: "so that he could not sleep"
"His thoughts disturbed him"

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# they came in
"they came into the palace"
# stood before
"stood in front of"
# to tell him his dreams
"to tell him what he had dreamed"
"they came into the palace"

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# my mind is anxious
Here "mind" refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: "I am anxious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
# anxious
"troubled"
"I am atroubled"

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# educated men
Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md).
# Aramaic
This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
This is the language that people in Babylon spoke.
# King, live forever!
The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: "King, we hope you will live forever!"
"King, we hope you will live forever!"
# us, your servants
The men called themselves the king's servants to show him respect.
# we will reveal
Here the word "we" refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]])
# will reveal the interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "will interpret it for you" or "will reveal what the dream means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"will interpret it for you" or "will reveal what the dream means"

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# educated men
Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md).
# This matter has been settled
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I have already decided what to do about this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"I have already decided what to do about this matter"
# reveal to me the dream and its interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "reveal to me the dream and interpret it for me" or "tell me what my dream was and what the dream means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
# your bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"reveal to me the dream and interpret it for me" or "tell me what my dream was and what the dream means"

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# tell me the dream and its interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "tell me what I dreamed and interpret it for me" or "tell me what I dreamed and what the dream means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
# you will receive gifts from me
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will give you gifts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"I will give you gifts"

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# Let the king tell us
The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: "Please tell us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
# we will tell you its interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "we will interpret it for you" or "we will tell you what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])

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# you see how firm my decision is about this
A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: "you see that I will not change my decision about this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
"you see that I will not change my decision about this"

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# false and corrupt words
These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are "lies intended to deceive." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
"lies intended to deceive."
# you can tell the interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated this in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "you can interpret it for me" or "you can reveal what the dream means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"you can interpret it for me" or "you can reveal what the dream means"

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# educated men ... educated man
or "Chaldeans ... Chaldean." These phrases translate a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated similar words in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md).

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# there is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods
This double negative emphasizes that only the gods can tell it to the king. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "the only ones who can tell it to the king are the gods" or "only the gods can tell this to the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]])
"the only ones who can tell it to the king are the gods" or "only the gods can tell this to the king"

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# angry and very furious
These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: "incredibly angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
"incredibly angry"
# wise men

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# So the decree went out
The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: "So the king issued a command" or "So the king gave a command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
"So the king issued a command" or "So the king gave a command"
# to put the wise men to death
"to kill the wise men"
# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).

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# prudence and discretion
These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: "caution and careful judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
"caution and careful judgment"
# Arioch
This is the name of the king's commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
This is the name of the king's commander.
# bodyguard
@ -14,7 +14,3 @@ This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
"whom the king had sent out to kill"
# all the wise men in Babylon
The phrase "wise men" translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).

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# General Information:
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# Daniel went in
Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: "Daniel went to the palace" or "Daniel went to talk with the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
"Daniel went to the palace" or "Daniel went to talk with the king"
# requested an appointment with the king
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: "Daniel went to the p
# he could present the interpretation to the king
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated this in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "he could interpret the dream for the king" or "he could tell the king what the dream meant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"he could interpret the dream for the king" or "he could tell the king what the dream meant"

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# so that Daniel and his friends might not be destroyed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that the king would not destroy Daniel and his friends" or "so that the king's bodyguard would not destroy Daniel and his friends" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# destroyed
killed
# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).
"so that the king would not kill Daniel and his friends" or "so that the king's bodyguard would not kill Daniel and his friends"

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# That night the mystery was revealed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "That night God revealed the mystery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# the mystery
This is referring to the king's dream and its meaning.
"That night God revealed the king's dream and its meaning"

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# Praise the name of God
Here "name" refers to God himself. Alternate translation: "Praise God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"Praise God"

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# General Information:
These verses are also part of Daniel's prayer.
# he removes kings
"he takes away kings' authority to rule"
# places kings on their thrones
Here being on the "throne" refers to ruling over a kingdom. Alternate translation: "makes new kings rule over their kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).
"makes new kings rule over their kingdoms"

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# General Information:
This verse is also part of Daniel's prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
# made known to me what we asked of you
"told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us"

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# Arioch
This is the name of the king's commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).
# I will show the king the interpretation of his dream
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "I will interpret the king's dream for him" or "I will tell the king what his dream means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"I will interpret the king's dream for him" or "I will tell the king what his dream means"

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# will reveal the interpretation of the king's dream
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "will interpret the king's dream" or "will tell the king the meaning of his dream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
# the king's dream
Arioch speaks to the king in third person to show him respect. Alternate translation: "your dream" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
"your dream"

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# whose name was Belteshazzar
Belteshazzar was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
Belteshazzar was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel.
# tell me the dream that I saw and its interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "tell me the dream that I saw and interpret it for me" or "tell me the dream that I saw and what the dream means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"tell me the dream that I saw and interpret it for me" or "tell me the dream that I saw and what the dream means"

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# The mystery that the king has asked about ... not by astrologers
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# The mystery that the king has asked about
This phrase refers to the king's dream.
# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).
"Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked"

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# General Information:
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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# the one who reveals mysteries
This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: "God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes mysteries known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
"God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes mysteries known"

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# this mystery was not revealed to me
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God did not reveal this mystery to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# This mystery was revealed to me so that you
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He revealed the mystery to me so that you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"He revealed the mystery to me so that you"
# you ... may understand the interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated this in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "you ... may understand what the dreams mean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"you ... may understand what the dreams mean"
# know the thoughts of your mind

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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.

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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it
This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: "someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone"

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# like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer
This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: "like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
"like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind"
# there was no trace of them left
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "they were completely gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]])
"they were completely gone"
# filled the whole earth

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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# Now we will tell the king
Here "we" refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pronouns]])
# we will tell the king the interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "we will interpret it for the king" or "we will tell the king what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
# we will tell the king
Daniel speaks of himself in plural and to the king in third person to show respect. Alternate translation: "I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
"we will interpret it for the king" or "I will tell the king what it means"

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# king of the kings
"the most important king" or "a king who rules over other kings"
# the power, the strength
These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])

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# He has given into your hand the place
Here "hand" refers to control. Alternate translation: "He has given you control over the place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"He has given you control over the place"
# the place where the human beings live
The place is used to represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"the people of the land"
# He has given over the animals ... into your hand
Here "hand" refers to control. Alternate translation: "He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# animals of the field
"wild animals in the fields." Here "the field" is places where the plants that grow there are useless to people.
"He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens"
# birds of the heavens
@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ Here "heavens" is used in the sense of "skies."
# You are the statue's head of gold
In the king's dream the statue's head represents the king. Alternate translation: "The golden head symbolizes you" or "The golden head is a symbol of you and your power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]])
"The golden head symbolizes you" or "The golden head is a symbol of you and your power"

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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# another kingdom will arise
In the king's dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate translation: "another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]])
"another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise"
# yet a third kingdom of bronze
This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. Alternate translation: "then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
"then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue"
# a third kingdom
"kingdom number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]])
"kingdom number three"

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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# There will be a fourth kingdom
"There will be a kingdom number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]])
"There will be a kingdom number four"
# strong as iron
The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron.
# It will shatter all these things and crush them
This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]])
This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms.
# all these things

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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# Just as you saw
Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
# were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "were a mixture of baked clay and iron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"were a mixture of baked clay and iron"

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# General Information:
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# General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
# In the days of those kings
Here "those kings" refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
# that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer"

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# a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it"
# this interpretation is reliable
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "I have interpreted it for you truly" or "I have told you what it really means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
# reliable
trustworthy and correct
"I have interpreted it for you truly" or "I have told you what it really means"

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# fell on his face
This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: "lay down with his face on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
"lay down with his face on the ground"
# an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel"

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"greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings"
# the one who reveals mysteries
Translate "the one who reveals mysteries" as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
# to reveal this mystery
"to reveal the mystery of my dream"

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# He made him ruler
"The king made Daniel the ruler"
# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).

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# Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego
These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md)
These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel.

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# Daniel 2 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in Daniel's prayer in 2:20-23.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The king's dream
Daniel told the king's dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
#### How Daniel knew the dream
Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men.
## Links:
* __[Daniel 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

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# Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue ... He set it up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue ... They set it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue ... They set it up"
# sixty cubits tall and six cubits wide
A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: "about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]])
"about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide"
# Plain of Dura
This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon.

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# the provincial governors, regional governors, ... officials of the provinces
See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
# the statue that King Nebuchadnezzar had set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "the statue that King Nebuchadnezzar's men had set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

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# You are commanded
This can be stated in active form. "The king commands you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"The king commands you"
# peoples, nations, and languages
Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"people from different nations and who speak different languages"

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These are musical instruments similar to harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings.
# fall down
Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down"
# fall down and worship the golden statue
"stretch yourselves out on the ground, face down, in worship of the golden statue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
"stretch yourselves out on the ground, face down, in worship of the golden statue"

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# Whoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The soldiers will throw into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# fall down
Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down"
"The soldiers will throw into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music"

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# all the peoples, nations, and languages
Here "all" that means all the people who were present.
# peoples, nations, and languages
Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# the horns, flutes ... and pipes
These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
# fell down and worshiped the golden statue
They did this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: "stretched themselves out on the ground face down in worship of the golden statue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
# fell down
Here "fell down" means "quickly lay down"
# the golden statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar's men had set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

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# Now
This word is used to mark a stop in the main story. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story.
# certain Chaldeans
Or "certain educated men." The word translated "Chaldeans" here is translated "educated men" in [Daniel 2:2, 4, 5, 10](../02/02.md), but here it is not clear whether the author is referring to that group of men or simply to some Chaldean people.
Or "certain educated men." The word translated "Chaldeans" here is translated "educated men" in Daniel chapter 2, but here it is not clear whether the author is referring to that group of men or simply to some Chaldean people.

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# the horns, flutes ... and pipes
These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
# must fall down and worship
"stretch himself out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
# fall down
Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down"

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# Whoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Soldiers must throw into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# fall down
Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down"
# the middle of a furnace of blazing fire
See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).

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# Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego
These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel.
# pay no attention to you
"do not pay attention to you"
# the golden statue you have set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "the golden statue your men have set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

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# filled with anger and rage
Nebuchadnezzar's anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here "anger" and "rage" mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. Alternate translation: "extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
# Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego
These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
"extremely angry"

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# Have you made your minds up
Here "mind" refers to deciding. To "make up your mind" is an idiom that means to firmly decide. Alternate translation: "Have you firmly decided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
# the golden statue that I have set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "the golden statue that my men have set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"Have you firmly decided"

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# the horns, flutes ... and pipes
These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
# fall down and worship
"stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
# fall down
Here "fall down" means "quickly lie down"
# all will be well
"there will no longer be a problem" or "you will be free to go"
# the statue that I have made
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "the statue that my men have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# you will immediately be thrown into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "my soldiers will immediately throw you into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# the middle of a furnace of blazing fire
See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
"my soldiers will immediately throw you into the middle of a furnace of blazing fire"
# Who is the god ... my hands?
The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. Alternate translation: "No god is able to rescue you from my power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
"No god is able to rescue you from my power!"
# out of my hands
Here "hands" refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: "from my punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"from my punishment"

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# General Information:
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# furnace of blazing fire
See how you translated similar words in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
# out of your hand
Here "hand" refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: "from your punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

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# But if not, let it be known to you, king, that
"But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us"
# the golden statue you set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: "the golden statue your men set up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

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# Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage
The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
"Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry"
# He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated
Here "seven times hotter" is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it"

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# General Information:
This page has intentionally been left blank.

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A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth.
# the middle of the furnace of blazing fire
See how you translated similar words in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).

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# Because the king's command was strictly followed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Because the men did exactly what the king commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"Because the men did exactly what the king commanded"

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# the middle of the furnace of blazing fire
See how you translated similar words in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).

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# The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods
The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: "Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
"Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine"

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# General Information:
This page has intentionally been left blank.

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# The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors
These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
# the hair on their heads was not singed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the fire had not singed the hair on their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"the fire had not singed the hair on their heads"
# was not singed
@ -12,7 +8,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the fire had not sing
# their robes were not harmed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the fire did not harm their robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
"the fire did not harm their robes"
# there was no smell of fire on them

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# set aside the king's command
Not obeying the king's command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Nebuchadnezzar refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "they ignored my command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
"they ignored my command"
# they gave up their bodies
This phrase refers to the three men's willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: "they were willing to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
"they were willing to die"
# any god except their God

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# any people, nation, or language ... must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language ... and make their houses into piles of garbage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# any people, nation, or language that speaks
Here "nations" and "language" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# speaks anything against the God
"speaks words that do not respect the God"
@ -16,5 +8,5 @@ Here "nations" and "language" represent people from different nations who speak
# there is no other god who is able to save like this
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "only their God is able to save like this"
"only their God is able to save like this"

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# Daniel 3 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The king's new idol
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])
#### The furnace
There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born.
## Links:
* __[Daniel 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

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# General Information:
In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
# King Nebuchadnezzar sent
This phrase is referring to the king's messenger as the king himself. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with"
# peoples, nations, and languages
Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
"people from different nations and who speak different languages"
# who lived on the earth
Kings would often exaggerate how wide their kingdom was. Nebuchadnezzar did rule over most of the known world at the time this book was written. Alternate translation: "who lived in the kingdom of Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
"who lived in the kingdom of Babylon"
# May your peace increase

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# signs and wonders
These words share similar meanings and refer to the amazing things that God had done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])

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# How great are his signs, and how mighty are his wonders!
Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great God's signs and wonders are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
# His kingdom is ... generation to generation
Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how God's reign is forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])

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# General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
# was living happily ... was enjoying prosperity
These two phrases are parallel and mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
# my house ... my palace
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])

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# a dream ... the images ... the visions
These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
# made me afraid ... troubled me
These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])

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# wise men
This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md).

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# General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
# educated men
Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md).
Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge.
# they could not make known the interpretation to me
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "they could not interpret it for me" or "they could not tell me what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
"they could not interpret it for me" or "they could not tell me what it means"

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# who is named Belteshazzar
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who I named Belteshazzar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# Belteshazzar
This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
"who I named Belteshazzar"

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# no mystery is too difficult for you
The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "you understand the meaning of every mystery"
"you understand the meaning of every mystery"
# Tell me the appearance of my dream and its interpretation
The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "Tell me what I saw in my dream and interpret it for me" or "Tell me what I saw in my dream, and tell me what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
# the appearance of my dream
"what I saw as I was dreaming" or "what my dream looked like"
"Tell me what I saw in my dream and interpret it for me" or "Tell me what I saw in my dream, and tell me what it means"

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