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Yahweh is my rock
David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word "rock" is a picture of a safe place. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
my rock, my fortress
Here the words "rock" and "fortress" share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
take refuge in him
Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: "go to him for protection" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold
David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a "shield," "the horn" of his salvation, and his "stronghold." Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)