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Romans 16
16:1-16
How did Paul commend Phoebe?
[16:1]
Paul commended Phoebe. That is, he spoke kindly about Phoebe. In ancient times, an author often commended the person who carried a letter for him to the place it was supposed to go.
See: Acts 18:27; Philippians 2:19-30; 3 John 12
How was Phoebe a servant of the church in Cenchrea?
[16:1]
Phoebe was a woman from Cenchrea. She was a serve of the church in this city. Some scholars think Phoebe helped other Christians. Other scholars think the Christians gathered together to worship God in her house. Other scholars think Phoebe was a deacon (see: Philippians 1:1; 1 Timothy 3:8, 12; 4:6)..
See: Matthew 23:11-12; Romans 12:11; 2 Corinthians 4:5
See Map: Cenchrea
How were people to receive Phoebe in the lord?
[16:2]
Paul wanted the Roman Christians to receive Phoebe in the lord. Paul wanted these Christians to accept Phoebe as a Christian who represented Paul in some way.
See: Philippians 2:29; Colossians 4:10; Philemon 17; 2 John 10; 3 John 5-10
Why did Paul greet many people?
[16:3]
In ancient times, the person who wrote the letter would greet people at the end of the letter. Paul greeted people who were Jews and Gentiles. He greet men and he greeted women.
See: Philippians 4:21; Colossians 4:15; 2 Timothy 4:19
See: Gentile
How was a church in someone’s house?
[16:5]
In ancient times, Christians often gathered together to worship God in a person’s house. In Rome, Christians gathered in the house of Aquila and Priscilla.
See: Acts 18:7; 1 Corinthians 16:19; Colossians 4:15; Philemon 2
How was Epaenetus the firstfruit of Asia to Christ?
[16:5]
Epaenetus was the first person in Asia to believe in Jesus. After he believed in Jesus, many other people would also believe in Jesus.
See: 1 Corinthians 16:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; James 1:18; Revelation 14:4
See: Fruit (Metaphor); Messiah (Christ)
See Map: Asia
How were Andronicus and Junia Paul’s kinsmen and fellow prisoners?
[16:7]
Andronicus and Junia were Paul’s kinsmen and fellow prisoners. They were Jews and were also put into prison with Paul for being Christians.
See: Colossians 4:10; Philemon 23
How were Andronicus and Junia well known to the apostles?
[16:7]
Andronicus and Junia were well known to the apostles. Some scholars think that Andronicus and Junia had served God so well that even the apostles knew about and respected them. Other scholars think they both had the spiritual gift of apostle.
See: Apostle; Gifts of the Holy Spirit
What was the household of Aristobulus and Nacissus?
[16:10, 16:11]
Paul wrote about people in the household of different families. Some scholars think he was greeting slaves who served these families. Other scholars think Paul greet Christians who met in the homes of these people.
See: Acts 16:31-34; 18:8; 1 Corinthians 1:16; 16:15; Philippians 4:22
16:16-20
What was a holy kiss?
[16:16]
In ancient times, people only kissed people in their family. They kissed each other on the cheek. When Chrsitians kissed one another, they did this because they are part of the family of God.
See: 1 Corinthians 16:20; 2 Corinthians 13:12; 1 Thessalonians 5:26; 1 Peter 5:14
How were false teachers going beyond the teaching that the Romans learned?
[16:17]
Paul wrote that the false teacher went beyond the things the Roman Christians were taught. That is, they taught things that the Roman Christians knew was not true.
See: 2 Thessalonians 3:6; 1 Timothy 6:3-5
See: False Teacher
How did someone stumble?
[16:17]
See: Stumble (Stumbling Block)
How did someone turn away from false teachers?
[16:17]
When someone turned away from false teachers, they rejected the things the false teachers taught.
See: 2 Timothy 3:5; Titus 3:10; 2 John 7-11
See: False Teacher
How did the false teachers serve their own stomachs?
[16:18]
Paul wrote that the false teachers served their own stomach. Some scholars think they ate too much food. Other scholars think they did the sinful things they wanted to do. Other scholars think they taught Chrsitians not to eat certain foods because of the Law of Moses.
See: Philippians 3:19; Titus 1:10-12
See: False Teacher; Sin; Law of Moses
How was someone wise and innocent?
[16:19]
Paul wanted Christians to be wise in a certain way. He wanted them to know the right thing to do. Paul also wanted Christians to be innocent in a certain way. He did not want them to know about evil things because they did evil things. Perhaps Paul was thinking about Adam and Eve. They were innocent but Satan tempted them to become wise.
See: Genesis 3; Jeremiah 4:22; 1 Corinthians 14:20; Philippians 2:15
See: Wise (Wisdom, Fool); Satan (The Devil); Tempt (Temptation)
How would God soon crush Satan under their feet?
[16:20]
Paul wrote about Satan being crushed. He was thinking about Genesis 3:15. Some scholars think Paul wanted them to know that God would help them to stop the false teachers very soon. Other scholars think Paul wanted them to know that Jesus would soon return to the earth (see: Revelation 20:7-10).
See: Luke 10:19; 1 Corinthians 15:24-27; Hebrews 2:8
See: Satan (The Devil); False Teacher; Jesus' Return to Earth
16:21-24
Why did people greet the Roman Christians?
[16:21, 16:22]
In ancient times, it was common for other people to also send their greetings to the people of a letter. The people with Paul also sent greetings to the Roman Christians.
See: Romans 16:21-23; 1 Corinthians 16:19-20; Philippians 4:21-22; 2 Timothy 4:21
Who was Tertius?
[16:22]
Paul spoke the words written in this letter. When he did this, Tertius wrote it down.
See: Ancient Letters
16:25-27
Paul wrote about a mystery. What was this?
[16:25]
See: Reveal (Revelation); Mystery
What were the prophetic writings?
[16:26]
Paul wrote about the prophetic writings. He was writing about the prophecies about the Messiah in the Old Testament.
See: Luke 24:25-27, 44-47
See: Prophecy (Prophesy) ; Messiah (Christ); Old Testament (Law and Prophets)
What was the obedience of faith?
[16:26]
Paul wrote about the obedience of faith. Paul wanted to write that people who believe in Jesus try to obey God.
See: Faith (Believe in)