fr_tm/jit/translate-ordinal/01.md

Description

Ordinal numbers are used to tell the position of something in a series or list. Examples are "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and "fifth."

Ordinal Numbers in English

Most ordinal numbers in English simply have "-th" added to the end.

Numeral	Number	Ordinal Number
4	four	fourth
10	ten	tenth
100	one hundred	one hundredth
1,000	one thousand	one thousandth

Some ordinal numbers in English do not follow that pattern.

Numeral	Number	Ordinal Number
1	one	first
2	two	second
3	three	third
5	five	fifth
12	twelve	twelfth

Reasons this is a translation issue:

Some languages do not have special numbers for showing the order of items in a series or list. There are different ways to deal with this.

Examples from the Bible

Sometimes ordinal numbers are used to show the position of physical objects in relation to each other.

You must place in it four rows of precious stones. The first row must have a ruby, a topaz, and a garnet. The second row must have an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. The third row must have a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst. The fourth row must have a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper. They must be mounted in gold settings. (Exodus 28:17-20 ULB)

• This describes four rows of stones. The first row is probably the top row, and the fourth row is probably the bottom row.

Sometimes ordinal numbers are used to show the order of events in time.

The first lot went to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, ... the twenty-third to Delaiah, and the twenty-fourth to Maaziah. (1 Chronicles 24:7-18 ULB)

• People tossed lots, and one lot went to each of these people in the order given.

Sometimes it is not clear what the ordinal numbers are showing. T

And God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then those who do powerful deeds ... (1 Corinthians 12:28 ULB)

• This is a list of the kinds of workers that God gave to the church. They may be listed in order of importance, in order of when their work began, or in order of something else.

Translation Strategies

If your language has ordinal numbers and using them would give the right meaning, consider using them. If not, here are some strategies to consider:

1. Use "one" with the first item and "another" or "the next" with the rest.
2. Tell the total number of items and then list them or the things associated with them.

Examples of Translation Strategies Applied

1. Tell the total number of items, and use "one" with the first item and "another" or "the next" with the rest.

• The first lot went to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, ... the twenty-third to Delaiah, and the twenty-fourth to Maaziah. (1 Chronicles 24:7-18 ULB)
  • There were twenty-four lots. One lot went to Jehoiarib, another to Jedaiah,  another  to Harim, ... another to Delaiah, and the last went to  Maaziah.
  • There were twenty-four lots. One lot went to Jehoiarib, the next to Jedaiah,  the next  to Harim, ... the next to Delaiah, and the last went to  Maaziah.
• A river went out of Eden to water the garden. From there it divided and became four rivers. The name of the first is Pishon. It is the one which flows throughout the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good. There is also bdellium and the onyx stone. The name of the second river is Gihon. This one flows throughout the whole land of Cush. The name of the third river is Tigris, which flows east of Asshur. The fourth river is the Euphrates. (Genesis 2:10-14 ULB)
  • A river went out of Eden to water the garden. From there it divided and became four rivers. The name of one is Pishon. It is the one which flows throughout the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good. There is also bdellium and the onyx stone. The name of the next river is Gihon. This one flows throughout the whole land of Cush. The name of the next river is Tigris, which flows east of Asshur. The last river is the Euphrates.

1. Tell the total number of items and then list them or the things associated with them.

• The first lot went to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, ... the twenty-third to Delaiah, and the twenty-fourth to Maaziah. (1 Chronicles 24:7-18 ULB)
  • They cast twenty-four lots. The lots went to Jerhoiarib, Jedaiah, Harim, Seorim, ... Delaiah, and Maaziah.