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Your calf has been rejected
Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has rejected your calf" or 2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: "I myself have rejected your calf" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
Your calf
The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: "Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
My anger is burning against these people
Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: "I am very angry with these people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
For how long will they stay guilty?
Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)