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General Information:
The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places.
James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ
The phrase "this letter is from" is implied. Alternate translation: "This letter is from James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
to the twelve tribes
Possible meanings are 1) this is a synecdoche for Jewish Christians, or 2) this is a metaphor for all Christians. Alternate translation: "to God's faithful people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
in the dispersion
The term "dispersion" normally referred to the Jews who were scattered in other countries, away from their homeland, Israel. This abstract noun can be expressed with a phrase with the verb "scattered." Alternate translation: "who are scattered around the world" or "who live in other countries" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
Greetings!
This is a basic greeting, such as "Hello!" or "Good day!"