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the rod that struck you is broken
The rod that struck Philistia represents a king who sent his army to attack them. Being broken represents either being dead or being defeated. Alternate translation: "the king that sent his army against you is dead" or "the army that attacked you is defeated" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
For out of the serpent's root will grow out an adder ... his offspring will be a fiery flying serpent
These two phrases are both the image of a serpent's offspring being even more harmful than the serpent. They represent a king's successor being more powerful and cruel than the first king. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
an adder
a kind of poisonous snake
a fiery flying serpent
Here the word "fiery" probably refers to the serpent's poisonous bite, and the word "flying" refers to its quick movements. Alternate translation: "a quickly moving poisonous snake" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)