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General Information:
The author here emphasizes how God was blessing the Israelites by saying five different ways that there very many of them.
Connecting Statement:
The word "but" that begins this verse indicates that the life and growth that this verse speaks of is good, in contrast to the death and sadness in the previous verse.
were fruitful
The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: "had many children" or "gave birth to many children" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
became very, very mighty
They were mighty because there were so many of them.
very, very mighty
The writer is saying that the people were more than just "mighty" and even more than just "very mighty." Your language may have another way of expressing an idea stronger than "very mighty."
the land was filled with them
This hyperbole emphasizes how many people there were and should probably be left as a hyperbole. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they filled the land" or "the land was full of them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
with them
The word "them" refers to the Israelites.