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I do not want you to be uninformed
Here Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "I very much want you to be informed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives)
brothers
Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
I
The pronoun "I" refers to Paul.
you ... you ... your
The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to the Gentile believers.
so that you may not be wise in your own thinking
Paul does not want the Gentile believers to think they are wiser than the Jewish unbelievers. Alternate translation: "so that you will not think you are wiser than you are" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
A partial hardening has come upon Israel
This is the mystery that Paul referred to earlier in the sentence. This can be made a explicit. "A partial hardening" is a metaphor for many of the people remaining stubborn. Paul said this because some of the Jews stubbornly refused to trust Jesus. Alternate translation: "This mystery is that a partial hardening has come upon Israel" or "Many people of Israel remain stubborn" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
until the full number of the Gentiles
Here "full number" means the amount determined by God. It does not mean all Gentiles. Alternate translation: "until the number of Gentiles determined by God" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
comes in
This is a metaphor meaning to be saved or to become a Christian. Alternate translation: "is saved" or "believes in Christ" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)