en_tm/translate/translate-bmoney/01.md

Description:

In early Old Testament times, people weighed their metals such as silver and gold and would give a certain weight of that metal in order to buy things. Later people started to make coins that each contained a standard amount of a certain metal. The daric is one such coin. In New Testament times, people used silver and copper coins.

The two tables below show some of the most well-known units of money found in the Old Testament (OT) and New Testament (NT). The table for Old Testament units shows what kind of metal was used and how much it weighed. The table for New Testament units shows what kind of metal was used and how much it was worth in terms of a day's wage.

Unit in OT	Metal	Weight
daric	gold coin	8.4 grams
shekel	various metals	11 grams
talent	various metals	33 kilograms

Unit in NT	Metal	Day's Wage
denarius/denarii	silver coin	1 day
drachma	silver coin	1 day
mite	copper coin	1/64 day
shekel	silver coin	4 days
talent	silver	6,000 days

Translation Principle

Do not use modern money values since these change from year to year. Using them will cause the Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate.

Translation Strategies

The value of most money in the Old Testament was based on its weight. So when translating these weights in the Old Testament, see Biblical Weight. The strategies below are for translating the value of money in the New Testament

1. Use the Bible term and spell it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds. (see Copy or Borrow Words)
2. Describe the value of the money in terms of what kind of metal it was made of and how many coins were used.
3. Describe the value of the money in terms of what people in Bible times could earn in one day of work.
4. Use the Bible term and give the equivalent amount in the text or a note.
5. Use the Bible term and explain it in a note.

Translation Strategies

The translations strategies are all applied to Luke 7:41 below.

• The one owed five hundred denarii, and the other owed fifty denarii. (Luke 7:41 ULB)

1. Use the Bible term and spell it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds. (see Copy or Borrow Words)

• "The one owed five hundred denali, and the other owed fifty denali." (Luke 7:41 ULB)

1. Describe the value of the money in terms of what kind of metal it was made of and how many pieces or coins were used.

• "The one owed five hundred silver coins, and the other owed fifty silver coins." (Luke 7:41 ULB)

1. Describe the value of the money in terms of what people in Bible times could earn in one day of work.

• "The one owed five hundred days' wages, and the other owed fifty days' wages."

1. Use the Bible term and give the equivalent amount in the text or a footnote.

• "The one owed five hundred denarii¹, and the other owed fifty denarii.²" (Luke 7:41 ULB) The footnotes would look like:
  • ^[1] five hundred days's wages
  • ^[2] fifty day's wages

1. Use the Bible term and explain it in a footnote.

• "The one owed five hundred denarii¹, and the other owed fifty denarii." (Luke 7:41 ULB)
  • ^[1] A denarius was the amount of silver that people could earn in one day of work.