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For whoever wants
"For anyone who wants"
life
This refers to both physical life and spiritual life.
for my sake and for the gospel
"because of me and because of the gospel." Jesus is talking about people who lose their lives because they follow Jesus and the gospel. This can be stated clearly. AT: "because he follows me and tells others the gospel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
What does it profit a person to gain the whole world and then forfeit his life?
This can be written as a statement. AT: "Even if a person gains the whole world, it will not benefit him if he forfeits his life." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
to gain the whole world and then forfeit his life
This can also be expressed as a condition. AT: "if he gains the whole world and then forfeits his life"
to gain the whole world
The words "the whole world" are an exaggeration for great riches. AT: "to gain everything he ever wanted" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole)
forfeit
To forfeit something is to lose it or to have another person take it away.
What can a person give in exchange for his life?
This can be written as a statement. AT: "There is nothing a person can give in exchange for his life." or "No one can give anything in exchange for his life." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
What can a person give
If in your language "giving" requires someone to receive what is given, "God" can be stated as the receiver. AT: "What can a person give to God"