Corrected errors found in proofread (#65)
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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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# the beginning
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That is, “the beginning of all things,” before anything existed except God.
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This could mean ***the beginning of all things***, before anything existed except God.
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# created
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This is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing.
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This term here means that God made it from nothing.
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# the universe
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This includes everything that God created on the earth and in the heavens, both
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# the earth
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The word “earth” refers to the whole world that people live on.
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The word **earth** refers to the whole world that people live on.
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# dark
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@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The
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# Let there be light!
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This is a command that happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as, “There will be light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as, “There shall be light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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# light
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This was a special light that God created–the sun was not created until later.
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This was a special light that God created. The sun was not created until later.
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# was good
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@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ This phrase is often repeated through the Creation story, and emphasizes that ea
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# creation
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This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God made everything that exists.
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This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God brought into being everything that exists.
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# the third day
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The next in the series of orderly days in which God prepared the earth for life.
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The next in the series of orderly days in which God prepared the earth for life
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# Let the water come together in one place and the dry land appear
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ God created all vegetation by speaking a command.
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# Let the earth produce all kinds of trees and plants
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This is a command that happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as, “The earth will produce all kinds of trees and plants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as, “The earth will produce all kinds of trees and plants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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# all kinds
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# the fourth day
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The next in the orderly series of days in which God created.
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the next in the orderly series of days in which God created
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# Let there be lights in the sky
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Shining objects in the sky now provided light for the earth.
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# day and night, seasons and years
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God created a different light to mark each portion of time from small to large, and set them to repeat continually until the end of time.
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God created different lights to mark days, nights, seasons, and years. He divides time periods which are indicated by the positions of the lights. These periods are cyclical and continue until the end of time.
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# created
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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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# the sixth day
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The next event in a continuing, orderly progression of days and creative acts.
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the next event in a continuing, orderly progression of days and creative acts
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# Let there be all kinds of land animals!
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This is a command that happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as, “There will be all kinds of land animals!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as, “There will be all kinds of land animals!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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# all kinds
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@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ Every kind of animal that lived on the land, as opposed to the birds, or animals
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# farm animals
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The kinds of land animals that commonly live peacefully with people–-as in tame, or domesticated animals.
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The kinds of land animals that commonly live peacefully with people–-as in tame, or domesticated, animals.
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# crawled on the ground
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This probably includes reptiles, and possibly the insects.
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This probably includes reptiles and possibly insects.
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# wild
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This indicates God’s deliberate, willful decision to create man in a particula
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# us...our...us
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The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word “God” is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word **God** is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# in our image
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@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ An image is a physical representation of someone or something. Humans were made
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# in our image to be like us
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The two phrases, “in our image” and “like us” are a doublet. They means almost the same thing. Together, they emphasize that man was to be very like God, although not exactly the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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The two phrases, **in our image** and **like us** are a doublet. They means almost the same thing. Together, they emphasize that man was to be very much like God, although not exactly the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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# like us
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Humans share some of God’s characteristics, but not all of his qualities. This phrase should be translated with words that show man is similar to God, but not equal with him or the same as he is.
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Humans share some of God’s characteristics, but not all of his qualities. This phrase should be translated with words that show man is similar to God, but not equal with him, nor the same as he is.
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# rule over
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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ God made man from the dust, or dry soil from the ground. This word should probab
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# formed it
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This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man, comparing this to how a person creates something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from “create” is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command.
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This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from ***create*** is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command.
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# a man
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Only the man was created at this time; the woman was created later by a different method.
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Only the man was made at this time; the woman was made later by a different method.
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# breathed life
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ In this event, God breathed both physical and spiritual life into the man.
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# Adam
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Adam’s name is the same as the Old Testament word for “man,” and similar to the word for “dirt” from which he was formed.
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Adam’s name is the same as the Old Testament word for ***man***, and similar to the word for **dirt**, the substance from which he was formed.
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# a large garden
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@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ An area of land planted with trees and plants for a purpose–usually to produce
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# to care for it
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To maintain the garden by tending, weeding, watering, harvesting, planting, etc.
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To maintain the garden by preparing soil, planting, tending, and harvesting.
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ To know or understand by personal experience.
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# good and evil
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Evil is the opposite of good. Just as “good” refers to what is pleasing to God, “evil” refers to everything that is not pleasing to God.
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**Evil** is the opposite of **good**. Just as **good** refers to what is pleasing to God, **evil** refers to everything that is not pleasing to God.
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# would die
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was,
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# alone
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Adam was the only human, with no possibility of a relationship with another person, and unable to reproduce children and multiply.
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Adam was the only human, with no possibility of a relationship with another person, and unable to have children and multiply.
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# Adam’s helper
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@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ An image is a physical representation of someone or something. God made people t
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# very good
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More intense than the, “it was good” statements on previous days. “Very good” refers to all of creation, not just the man and the woman. Everything was exactly as God intended it to be.
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More intense than the **it was good** statements on previous days. **Very good** refers to all of creation, not just the man and the woman. Everything was exactly as God intended it to be.
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# creation
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The six-day period during which God made everything that exists.
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This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God made everything that exists.
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ God had a special, positive plan for the seventh day, and for every seventh day
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# made it holy
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That is, God “set apart” the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week.
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That is, God ***set apart*** the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week.
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# the universe
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# the beautiful garden
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A special collection of trees and plants that God prepared for Adam and Eve to enjoy and from which to eat. This should be the same word that was used in [01:11](01/11). See how you translated it there.
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This refers to a special collection of trees and plants that God prepared for Adam and Eve to enjoy and from which to eat. This should be the same word that was used in [01:11](01/11). See how you translated it there.
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# shame
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The feeling that comes with knowing we have sinned or that we fall short in some way.
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the feeling that comes with knowing we have sinned or that we fall short in some way
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# talked with God
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The word for “talk” should be the same as would be used to refer to talking to a human being. God may have taken a physical form to talk to the man and the woman since the text indicates that they talked to him face-to-face.
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The word for **talk** should be the same as would be used to refer to talking to a human being. God may have taken a physical form to talk to the man and the woman since the text indicates that they talked to him face-to-face.
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# a snake
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An elongated, legless land creature that now moves by wiggling on its belly. Although later on in the story it is revealed that the snake is Satan, this should not be said here in this frame.
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This refers to an elongated, legless creature that now moves by wiggling on its belly. Although later on in the story it is revealed that Satan spoke through the snake, this should not be said here in this frame.
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# crafty
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Clever and sly, with the intent to deceive.
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Clever and sly, with the intent to deceive
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# He asked the woman, “Did God really tell you not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden?”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He asked the woman if God had really told her not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# Did God really tell you not to eat…in the garden?
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# Did God really tell you not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden?
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This is a rhetorical question. The snake asked the woman whether God actually said not to eat from any of the trees in the garden. But he was only pretending that he didn’t know what God had said because he wanted to create doubt in the woman’s mind. He wanted her to question God’s goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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# you
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If your language has different words for “you” depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# the fruit from any of the trees
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All of the various types of fruit from each of the different trees in the garden.
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This refers to all of the various types of fruit from each of the different trees in the garden.
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# The woman answered, “God told us we could eat the fruit of any tree except…you will die.’”
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# The woman answered, “God told us we could eat the fruit of any tree except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God told us, ‘If you eat that fruit or even touch it, you will die.’”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The woman answered that God had told them that they could eat the fruit of any tree except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and that if they ate that fruit or even touched it, they would die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# If you eat that fruit…you will die
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# If you eat that fruit or even touch it, you will die
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If your language has different words for “you” depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# the fruit
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We don’t know what kind of fruit this was. We only know that it grew on this tree. If possible it is best to use a general word for fruit here, and not a word for a specific kind of fruit.
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We don’t know what kind of fruit this was. We only know that it grew on this tree. If possible, it is best to use a general word for fruit here, and not a word for a specific kind of fruit.
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# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil
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# The snake responded to the woman, “That is not true!…will understand good and evil like he does.”
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# The snake responded to the woman, “That is not true! You will not die. God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God and will understand good and evil like he does.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The snake responded to the woman that this was not true! They would not die. God just knew that as soon as they ate it, they would be like God and would understand good and evil like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# You will not die …you eat it…you will be like God
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# You will not die. God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God
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If your language has different words for “you” depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. Satan was speaking about what would happen to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. Satan was speaking about what would happen to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# like God
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# good and evil
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This is a merism. “Good” and “evil” are two extremes that represent everything in between them. Satan is saying that they would understand everthing about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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This is a merism. **Good** and **evil** are two extremes that represent everything in between them. Satan is saying that they would understand everthing about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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# their eyes were opened
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This could be translated as, “they saw things differently.” This expression means they now understood something for the first time. In your language, there may be an expression with similar meaning that you could use to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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This could be translated as: “they saw things differently.” This expression means they now understood something for the first time. In your language, there may be an expression with similar meaning that you could use to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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# they realized they were naked
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# They tried to cover their bodies
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The man and the woman tried to cover their bodies in order to hide from God because they were ashamed that they were naked. You may want to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “They were ashamed that they were naked, and tried to cover their bodied to hide from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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The man and the woman tried to cover their bodies in order to hide from God because they were ashamed that they were naked. You may want to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “They were ashamed that they were naked, and tried to cover their bodies to hide from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# you
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If your language has different words for “you” depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked. So I hid.”
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# You are cursed!
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This could also be translated as, “I curse you!” or, “Great harm will come to you.” Do not use a word that implies magic.
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This could also be translated as “I curse you!” or “Great harm will come to you.” Do not use a word that implies magic.
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# will hate each other
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# childbirth very painful
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Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say, “I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children.”
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Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: ***I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children***.
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# the mother of all people
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This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages say “she would be the grandmother of all people.”
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This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages say ***she would be the grandmother of all people***.
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# like us by knowing good and evil
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Here, this phrase points to a new way that Adam and Eve would be like God. Because they had sinned, they were aware of evil and could experience it. You could say, “because now they knew both good and evil.”
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Here, this phrase points to a new way that Adam and Eve would be like God. Because they had sinned, they were aware of evil and could experience it. You could say: “because now they knew both good and evil.”
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# like us
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The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word “God” is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word ***God*** is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# good and evil
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This is a merism. “Good” and “evil” are two extremes that represent everything in between them. God is saying that they would understand everything about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||||
This is a merism. **Good** and **evil** are two extremes that represent everything in between them. God is saying that they would understand everything about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||||
|
||||
# they must not be allowed
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The specific kind of fruit is not revealed, so it is best to translate this usin
|
|||
|
||||
# the tree of life
|
||||
|
||||
This was an actual tree with fruit. See [01:11](01/11). If a person ate this fruit he would live continually and never die.
|
||||
This was an actual tree with fruit. See [01:11](01/11). If a person ate this fruit, he would live continually and never die.
|
||||
|
||||
# A Bible story from
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This story happens many generations (hundreds of years) after creation.
|
|||
|
||||
# very wicked and violent
|
||||
|
||||
It may be more natural to say, “had become wicked and did violent things”.
|
||||
It may be more natural to say, “had become wicked and did violent things.”
|
||||
|
||||
# It became so bad
|
||||
|
||||
It may be clearer to say, “People were behaving in such harmful and evil ways that God.”
|
||||
It may be clearer to say, “People were behaving in such harmful and evil ways.”
|
||||
|
||||
# God decided to destroy
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# God was pleased with Noah
|
||||
|
||||
God was pleased with Noah because he feared and obeyed God. So even though Noah was not sinless, God was gracious to him and made a plan to rescue his family from the devastating flood. Make sure this doesn’t sound like Noah was lucky or that he just happened to escape. Rather, it was God’s choice.
|
||||
God was pleased with Noah because he feared and obeyed God. So even though Noah was not sinless, God was gracious to him and made a plan to rescue his family from the devastating flood. Make sure this does not sound like Noah was lucky or that he just happened to escape. Rather, it was God’s choice.
|
||||
|
||||
# was going to make a big flood
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Noah did not need to find the animals. God sent them to him.
|
|||
|
||||
# used for sacrifices
|
||||
|
||||
For some languages it may be better to say something like, “animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God.” God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals.
|
||||
For some languages, it may be better to say something like, ***animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God***. God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals.
|
||||
|
||||
# God himself closed the door
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# the rains stopped
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “it stopped raining.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “it stopped raining.”
|
||||
|
||||
# the boat rested
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ During the next three months, the water continued to go down.
|
|||
|
||||
# were visible
|
||||
|
||||
Other ways to translate this would be, “were showing” or, “appeared” or, “could be seen.” It may be more clear to say, “After three months, the water had gone down enough so that Noah and his family could clearly see the tops of the mountains.
|
||||
Other ways to translate this would be “were showing” or “appeared” or “could be seen.” It may be more clear to say, “After three months, the water had gone down enough so that Noah and his family could clearly see the tops of the mountains.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# a dove
|
||||
|
||||
A small, white or gray flying bird that eats seeds or fruit.
|
||||
A small white or gray flying bird that eats seeds or fruit.
|
||||
|
||||
# an olive branch
|
||||
|
||||
An olive tree’s fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for “olive branch,” you could translate it as, “branch from a tree called ‘olive’” or, “branch from an oil-tree.”
|
||||
An olive tree’s fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as, “branch from a tree called ‘olive’” or “branch from an oil-tree.”
|
||||
|
||||
# The water was going down
|
||||
|
||||
It may be more natural in your language to say that, “the water was going away” or, “the level of the water was getting lower.”
|
||||
It may be more natural in your language to say, “the water was going away” or “the level of the water was getting lower.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# waited another week
|
||||
|
||||
You could say, “waited seven more days.” The word “waited” shows that Noah was allowing time for the floodwaters to go down before sending out the dove again.
|
||||
You could say, “waited seven more days.” The word **waited** shows that Noah was allowing time for the floodwaters to go down before sending out the dove again.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
|
|||
|
||||
# Have many children
|
||||
|
||||
To make sure it is clear that this was God’s command and desire, you could say, “You must have many children.” or, “I want you to have many children.”
|
||||
To make sure it is clear that this was God’s command and desire, you could say, “You must have many children” or “I want you to have many children.”
|
||||
|
||||
# fill the earth
|
||||
|
||||
If this is not clear, it may be necessary to say, “and fill the earth with people” or, “so that there will be many people living on the earth.”
|
||||
If this is not clear, it may be necessary to say, “and fill the earth with people” or “so that there will be many people living on the earth.”
|
||||
|
||||
# came out
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages would say, “came out” instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||||
Some languages would say, “went out” instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# God said, “I promise I will never again curse the ground…people are sinful from the time they are children.”
|
||||
# God said, “I promise I will never again curse the ground because of the evil things that people do, or destroy the world by causing a flood, even though people are sinful from the time they are children.”
|
||||
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God promised to never again curse the ground…people are sinful from the time they are children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God promised to never again curse the ground because of the evil things that people do, or destroy the world by causing a flood, even though people are sinful from the time they are children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# never again
|
||||
|
||||
This means, “not ever again” or, “not again at any time” or, “truly not again”. Examples: “I will not ever again curse the ground” or, “I will not curse the ground again at any time” or, “I will truly not curse the ground again”.
|
||||
This means ***not ever again*** or ***not again at any time*** or ***truly not again***. Examples: ***I will not ever again curse the ground*** or ***I will not curse the ground again at any time*** or ***I will truly not curse the ground again***.
|
||||
|
||||
# curse the ground
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ A sign is something (such as an object or event) that gives a certain meaning or
|
|||
|
||||
# of his promise
|
||||
|
||||
In some languages it may be better to say, “to show that he had promised.”
|
||||
In some languages, it may be better to say, “to show that he had promised.”
|
||||
|
||||
# Every time
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure it is clear that this means every time a rainbow appeared from that time on. It may be necessary to add, “From then on, every time.”
|
||||
Make sure it is clear that this means every time a rainbow appeared from that time on. It may be necessary to add, “From then on, every time…”
|
||||
|
||||
# what he promised
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This means there was only one language, so they could all understand each other.
|
|||
|
||||
# a city
|
||||
|
||||
It is best to use a general word for “city” since the text does not give a specific name.
|
||||
It is best to use a general word for **city** since the text does not give a specific name.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This structure was so tall that its top would be in the sky.
|
|||
|
||||
# heaven
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “sky.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “sky.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# changed their language
|
||||
|
||||
In an instant, God miraculously gave them different languages to speak so that suddenly they were no longer able to understand each other.
|
||||
In an instant, God miraculously gave them different languages to speak so that, suddenly, they were no longer able to understand each other.
|
||||
|
||||
# many different languages
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Instead of one large group of people speaking one language, there were now many
|
|||
|
||||
# spread the people
|
||||
|
||||
When God changed their languages, he caused these groups of people to scatter out on the earth and each group moved to its own area.
|
||||
When God changed their languages, he caused these groups of people to scatter out on the earth. Each group moved to its own area.
|
||||
|
||||
# Babel
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ We don’t know the exact location of this city, other than it was somewhere in
|
|||
|
||||
# confused
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to how the people were confused or, “mixed-up” when they could no longer understand each other after God changed their language.
|
||||
This refers to how the people were confused or mixed-up when they could no longer understand each other after God changed their language.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
|||
# Hundreds of years later
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “many generations after the people split into different language groups at Babel.” or, “a long time after that happened.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “many generations after the people split into different language groups at Babel.” or “a long time after that happened.”
|
||||
|
||||
# God told him, “Leave your country and family and go to the land I will show you…All families on earth will be blessed because of you.”
|
||||
# God told him, “Leave your country and family and go to the land I will show you. I will bless you and make you a great nation. I will make your name great. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. All families on earth will be blessed because of you.”
|
||||
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told him to leave his country and family and go to the land he would show him. God would bless him and make him a great nation. He would make his name great. He would bless those who curse Abram and curse those who curse him. All families on earth will be blessed because of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Leave your country
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called “Ur”). It could be translated as, “native region” or, “homeland” or something similar.
|
||||
This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called ***Ur***). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar.
|
||||
|
||||
# and family
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This means that Abram’s name and family would become well-known throughout the
|
|||
|
||||
# All families on earth will be blessed because of you
|
||||
|
||||
This can be stated in active form: “I will bless all families on earth because of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
This can be stated in active form: “I will bless all families on earth because of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
||||
# All families on earth
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# He took
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages would say, “He brought” here. Others would use two different verbs here, such as, “He caused his wife to come with him” and, “He brought along all of their servants and possessions.”
|
||||
Some languages would say, “He brought” here. Others would use two different verbs here, such as, “He caused his wife to come with him” or “He brought along all of their servants and possessions.”
|
||||
|
||||
# God showed him
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Somehow God made it clear to Abram where he was to go. The text doesn’t tell h
|
|||
|
||||
# the land of Canaan
|
||||
|
||||
The name of this land was “Canaan”. This could be translated, “the land called Canaan.”
|
||||
The name of this land was ***Canaan***. This could be translated, “the land called Canaan.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
|
|||
|
||||
# all this land
|
||||
|
||||
If Abram was standing on a mountain, he could have seen a very large area. On several occasions God promised to give the entire land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants.
|
||||
If Abram was standing on a mountain, he could have seen a very large area. On several occasions, God promised to give the entire land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants.
|
||||
|
||||
# your descendants will always possess it
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Many years went by
|
||||
|
||||
Several years had passed since God had first promised that Abram would have a son.
|
||||
A large number of years had passed since God had first promised that Abram would have a son.
|
||||
|
||||
# as the stars in the sky
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# two parties
|
||||
|
||||
The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people. In this case the agreement was between God and Abram.
|
||||
The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people. In this case, the agreement was between God and Abram.
|
||||
|
||||
# God said, “I will give you a son from your own body. I give the land of Canaan to your descendants.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
|
|||
|
||||
# from your own body
|
||||
|
||||
With his own body Abram would cause his wife to become pregnant, so that together they would have their own, natural son. This was an amazing promise, since Abram and Sarai were very old.
|
||||
With his own body, Abram would cause his wife to become pregnant, so that, together, they would have their own, natural son. This was an amazing promise, since Abram and Sarai were very old.
|
||||
|
||||
# did not have a son
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Another way to say this is, “I will be the God that they will worship.”
|
|||
|
||||
# every male in your family
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “every boy and man in your family.” This included Abram’s servants and his descendants.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “every boy and man in your family.” This included Abram’s servants and his descendants.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Abr
|
|||
|
||||
# will provide the lamb
|
||||
|
||||
Abraham may have believed that Isaac was the “lamb” that God provided, although God fulfilled Abraham’s words by providing a ram to sacrifice in Isaac’s place.
|
||||
Abraham may have believed that Isaac was the lamb that God provided, although God fulfilled Abraham’s words by providing a ram to sacrifice in Isaac’s place.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# a ram
|
||||
|
||||
A ram is a male goat. Goats were one of the animals that people could sacrifice to God.
|
||||
A ram is an adult male sheep.
|
||||
|
||||
# God had provided the ram
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ See explanation in [04:08](04/08).
|
|||
|
||||
# all the families of the world
|
||||
|
||||
Here, “families” refers to the larger distinct groups of people on earth, rather than to each set of parents and children.
|
||||
Here, **families** refers to the larger distinct groups of people on earth, rather than to each set of parents and children.
|
||||
|
||||
# your family
|
||||
|
||||
Here, “family” refers to the many descendants that Abraham would have. The future generations of the world would be blessed through Abraham’s descendants. The greatest blessing would come many generations later through God’s chosen servant, the Messiah.
|
||||
Here, **family** refers to the many descendants that Abraham would have. The future generations of the world would be blessed through Abraham’s descendants. The greatest blessing would come many generations later through God’s chosen servant, the Messiah.
|
||||
|
||||
# A Bible story from
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# sent one of his servants back
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “told one of his servants to go back.” The word “back” means that the servant would be going to the same place where Abraham used to live long ago before he came to Canaan. Make sure the translation of this phrase makes that clear.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “told one of his servants to go back.” The word **back** means that the servant would be going to the same place where Abraham used to live long ago before he came to Canaan. Make sure the translation of this phrase makes that clear.
|
||||
|
||||
# to the land
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This land was east of where Abraham was now living.
|
|||
|
||||
# to bring back a wife for his son, Isaac
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “to bring back an unmarried woman for his son, Isaac, to marry”.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “to bring back an unmarried woman for his son, Isaac, to marry.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The promises of the covenant that God made with Abraham were not for him only, b
|
|||
|
||||
# countless
|
||||
|
||||
This could also be translated as, “very many.” The word “countless” means there would be so many descendants that people would not be able to count them.
|
||||
This could also be translated as “very many.” The word **countless** means there would be so many descendants that people would not be able to count them.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# in Rebekah’s womb
|
||||
|
||||
That is, “inside her.”
|
||||
This could mean ***inside her***.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# Rebekah’s babies were born
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages have a more indirect way of saying this such as, “when Rebekah saw and took them” or, “when Rebekah brought them to light.”
|
||||
Some languages have a more indirect way of saying this such as, “when Rebekah saw and took them” or “when Rebekah brought them to light.”
|
||||
|
||||
# the older son…the younger son
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “the first son to come out…the second son to come out.” Make sure that the way “older” and “younger” are translated still communicates that the boys were twins.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “the first son to come out…the second son to come out.” Make sure that the way **older** and **younger** are translated still communicates that the boys were twins.
|
||||
|
||||
# red
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
|
|||
# As the boys grew up, Jacob loved to stay at home, but Esau loved to hunt animals
|
||||
|
||||
This is background information about what how the boys were different from each other, and that their parents each favored one child over the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
This is background information telling how the boys were different from each other, and that their parents each favored one child over the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
# loved to stay at home…loved to hunt
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages will use a word for “love” here that is different from the one used for, “Rebekah loved Jacob.” For example, this could be translated as, “liked to stay at home…liked to hunt” or, “preferred to stay at home…preferred to hunt.”
|
||||
Some languages will use a word for **love** here that is different from the one used for, “Rebekah loved Jacob.” For example, this could be translated as: “liked to stay at home…liked to hunt” or “preferred to stay at home…preferred to hunt.”
|
||||
|
||||
# at home
|
||||
|
||||
This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for, “at home.”
|
||||
|
||||
This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for, **at home**.
|
||||
# but Esau loved to hunt animals
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “but” contrasts Esau’s love of hunting with Jacob’s love of staying home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **but** contrasts Esau’s love of hunting with Jacob’s love of staying home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Rebekah loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “Rebekah was more fond of Jacob, and Isaac was more fond of Esau.” This does not necessarily mean that Rebekah and Isaac did not love the other son, but that each parent had a favorite.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “Rebekah was more fond of Jacob, and Isaac was more fond of Esau.” This does not necessarily mean that Rebekah and Isaac did not love the other son, but that each parent had a favorite.
|
||||
|
||||
# but Isaac loved Esau
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “but” contrasts Isaac’s love of Esau with Rebekah’s love of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **but** contrasts Isaac’s love of Esau with Rebekah’s love of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# Esau said to Jacob, “Please give me some of the food you have made.”
|
||||
# Esau said to Jacob, “Give me some of the food you have made.”
|
||||
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Esau asked Jacob to please give him some of the food that Jacob had made.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Esau asked Jacob to give him some of the food that Jacob had made.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# give me some of the food…you will give it all
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages may prefer to use two different words for “give” here. This would also apply to, “Esau promised to give…Jacob gave” in the last two sentences.
|
||||
Some languages may prefer to use two different words for **give** here. This would also apply to, “Esau promised to give…Jacob gave” in the last two sentences.
|
||||
|
||||
# Jacob responded, “First, promise me that everything you should receive because you were born first, you will give it all to me.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
|
|||
# give his blessing
|
||||
|
||||
It was customary for fathers to formally express their desire for good things to happen to their children. Normally the older son received the best promise. Isaac wanted this extra prosperity to happen to Esau.
|
||||
It was customary for fathers to formally express their desire for good things to happen to their children. Normally, the older son received the best promise. Isaac wanted this extra prosperity to happen to Esau.
|
||||
|
||||
# But before he did
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “But” here contrasts Isaac’s desire to give Esau a blessing with the intervening Rebekah and Jacob’s trick that prevented him from doing so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **But** here contrasts Isaac’s desire to give Esau a blessing with the Rebekah and Jacob’s trick that intervened, preventing him from doing so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# tricked him
|
||||
|
||||
The word “trick” means to do something to deliberately deceive someone. Rebekah came up with a plan to deceive Isaac into giving Jacob the special blessing instead of Esau.
|
||||
The word **trick** means to do something to deliberately deceive someone. Rebekah came up with a plan to deceive Isaac into giving Jacob the special blessing instead of Esau.
|
||||
|
||||
# pretend
|
||||
|
||||
The word “pretend” shows how Jacob would deceive his father (who had very poor eyesight in his old age).
|
||||
The word **pretend** shows how Jacob would deceive his father (who had very poor eyesight in his old age).
|
||||
|
||||
# So Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and put goatskins on his neck and hands.
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “So” here connects the result, Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and goatskin to deceive Isaac, with the reason, Isaac was old and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **So** here connects the result, Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and goatskin to deceive Isaac, with the reason, Isaac was old and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Esau’s clothes
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# Jacob came to Isaac
|
||||
|
||||
In some languages it might be more natural to say, “Jacob went to Isaac.”
|
||||
In some languages, it might be more natural to say, “Jacob went to Isaac.”
|
||||
|
||||
# When Isaac felt the goat hair and smelled the clothes, he thought it was Esau and blessed him.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a sequential clause. The word “When” connects Isaac feeling and smelling Jacob with the resulting action—he believed it was Esau and blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
This is a sequential clause. The word **When** connects Isaac feeling and smelling Jacob with the resulting action (he believed it was Esau and blessed him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# he thought it was Esau
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# because Jacob had stolen his rights as oldest son and also his blessing
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “because” connects the reason, Jacob stole Esau’s rights and blessing, with the result, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **because** connects the reason, Jacob stole Esau’s rights and blessing, with the result, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# his rights
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Jacob also tricked their father into giving him the promise of extra prosperity
|
|||
|
||||
# So he planned to kill Jacob
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “So” connects the result, Esau planned to kill Jacob, with the reason, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **So** connects the result, Esau planned to kill Jacob, with the reason, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# But Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “But” is used in a contrast relationship. It contrasts Esau’s plan to kill Jacob with Rebekah hearing of it and devising a different plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **But** is used in a contrast relationship. It contrasts Esau’s plan to kill Jacob with Rebekah hearing of it and devising a different plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Esau’s plan
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ Esau’s plan was to kill Jacob after his father died.
|
|||
|
||||
# So she and Isaac sent Jacob far away
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “So” connects the result, Rebekah and Isaac sent Jacob far away, with the reason, Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan to kill Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **So** connects the result, Rebekah and Isaac sent Jacob far away, with the reason, Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan to kill Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# she and Isaac sent Jacob far away
|
||||
|
||||
Rebekah wanted to protect Jacob from Esau so she talked to Isaac about sending Jacob away.
|
||||
Rebekah wanted to protect Jacob from Esau, so she talked to Isaac about sending Jacob away.
|
||||
|
||||
# far away to live with her relatives
|
||||
|
||||
This was the same place where Rebekah was living when Abraham’s servant got her to be Isaac’s wife. To make this clear, you could add, “in the same land where she used to live.” The land was to the east, several hundred miles away.
|
||||
This was the same place where Rebekah was living when Abraham’s servant asked her to be Isaac’s wife. To make this clear, you could add, “in the same land where she used to live.” The land was to the east, several hundred miles away.
|
||||
|
||||
# her relatives
|
||||
|
||||
This could also be translated as, “their relatives.” Since Abraham’s brother was Rebekah’s grandfather, her relatives were also Isaac’s relatives.
|
||||
This could also be translated as “their relatives.” Since Abraham’s brother was Rebekah’s grandfather, her relatives were also Isaac’s relatives.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This refers to a social relationship—these people were related to Rebekah as part of her extended family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
|
||||
# During that time he married and had twelve sons and a daughter. God made him very wealthy.
|
||||
# During that time he married and had 12 sons and a daughter. God made him very wealthy.
|
||||
|
||||
This is background information about what happened while Jacob was away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# After twenty years
|
||||
|
||||
Jacob had lived for twenty years in the land where his mother was from. If that is not clear you could say, “After twenty years living in the land where his relatives were.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
|
||||
Jacob had lived for twenty years in the land where his mother was from. If that is not clear you could say, “After twenty years living in the land where his relatives were,…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
# his family
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to a social relationship—the people who were his family, those related to him by birth or marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
|
||||
# all his herds of animals
|
||||
# all his flocks and herds of animals
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to ownership—all the herds or groups of animals that belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
This refers to ownership—all the groups of animals that belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
|
||||
# herds
|
||||
|
||||
A “herd” is a large group of animals. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
A **herd** is a large group of animals. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# herds
|
||||
|
||||
A “herd” is a large group of animals that stay together. See how you translated this in [07:08](07/08). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
A **herd** is a large group of animals that stay together. See how you translated this in [07:08](07/08). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Your servant, Jacob
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# But Esau no longer wanted to harm Jacob
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “But” here contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau no longer wanting to harm Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **But** here contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau no longer wanting to harm Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Instead, he was very happy to see him again
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Instead” contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau being happy to see Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Instead** contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau being happy to see Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# lived peacefully
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This refers to the fact that Esau and Jacob were not angry at each other and did
|
|||
|
||||
# Then Isaac died
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Then” connects the timing of events, Jacob’s return to Canaan and living there was followed by Isaac’s death and Jacob and Esau burying him together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Then** connects the timing of events. Jacob’s return to Canaan and living there were followed by Isaac’s death and Jacob and Esau burying him together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# buried him
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ This word means that Jacob told Joseph to go and Joseph went.
|
|||
|
||||
# his favorite son
|
||||
|
||||
This phase refers to a social relationship—the favorite son who was born to him. This could be translated as, “the son he loved more than any of his other children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
This phase refers to a social relationship—the favorite son who was born to him. This could be translated as: “the son he loved more than any of his other children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
|
||||
# check on
|
||||
|
||||
This means that Joseph is to go and see if everything is all right with his brothers. Some languages might say something like, “to see his brothers’ well-being.”
|
||||
This means that Joseph is to go and see if everything is all right with his brothers. Some languages might say something like, “to see about his brothers’ well-being.”
|
||||
|
||||
# his brothers
|
||||
|
||||
These were Joseph’s older brothers.
|
||||
|
||||
# were taking care of the herds
|
||||
# were taking care of the flocks
|
||||
|
||||
Since this was several days’ journey away, it may be necessary to say, “who were far away taking care of.”
|
||||
Since this was several days’ journey away, it may be necessary to say, “who were far away taking care of…”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# because their father loved him most and because Joseph had dreamed
|
||||
|
||||
This connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him—their father loved him most and Joseph’s dream, with the result—they hated him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
This connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him (their father loved him most and Joseph’s dream), with the result (they hated him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# When Joseph came
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase tells the order of events. After Joseph came the brothers kidnapped and sold him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
This phrase tells the order of events. After Joseph came the brothers took him captive and sold him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# came to his brothers
|
||||
|
||||
Another way this could be translated is, “reached the place where his brothers were.”
|
||||
|
||||
# kidnapped him
|
||||
# took him captive
|
||||
|
||||
They took him against his will. It was not right for them to do this.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Before Joseph’s brothers returned home
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Before” indicates the order of events. Joseph’s brothers tore his robe and dipped it in blood then they returned home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Before** indicates the order of events. Joseph’s brothers tore his robe and dipped it in blood. Then they returned home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# goat’s blood
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This connects the blood with the goat, of which it was a part. The brothers want
|
|||
|
||||
# so he would think that a wild animal
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “so” connects the reason—showing Jacob the torn robe dipped in blood, with the desired result—Jacob thinking a wild animal killed Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **so** connects the reason (showing Jacob the torn robe dipped in blood), with the desired result (Jacob thinking a wild animal killed Joseph). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This was a person who was part of the Egyptian government. Another way to say th
|
|||
|
||||
# Joseph served his master well, and God blessed Joseph.
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “and” indicates two events happened when Joseph became a slave. There is no indication of cause and effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
The connecting word **and** indicates two events that happened when Joseph became a slave. There is no indication of cause and effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
|
|||
# tried to sleep with Joseph
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “tried to seduce Joseph to have sex with her.” To “sleep with” is a way of expressing this in order not to be crude or offensive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “tried to seduce Joseph to have sex with her.” To **sleep with** is a way of expressing this in order not to be crude or offensive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
|
||||
|
||||
# but Joseph refused to sin against God
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “but” indicates a contrast. You would expect that when Joseph’s master’s wife tried to sleep with him, Joseph would agree, instead he did the unexpected and refused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **but** indicates a contrast. You would expect that when Joseph’s master’s wife tried to sleep with him, Joseph would agree, but instead he did the unexpected and refused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# sin against God
|
||||
|
||||
It is against God’s law for people to have sex if they are not married to each other. Joseph did not want to sin by disobeying God’s law.
|
||||
It is against God’s law for people to have sex together if they are not married to each other. Joseph did not want to sin by disobeying God’s law.
|
||||
|
||||
# Even in prison
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Even” indicates a contrast. You would expect Joseph to become bitter in prison but instead he continued to be faithful and God continued to bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Even** indicates a contrast. You would expect Joseph to become bitter in prison but, instead, he continued to be faithful and God continued to bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# remained faithful to God
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# which is what the Egyptians called their kings
|
||||
|
||||
This is background information about the title, “Pharaoh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
This is background information about the title, ***Pharaoh***. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
# disturbed him greatly
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen
|
|||
|
||||
# his advisors
|
||||
|
||||
These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as, “wise men.”
|
||||
These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as ***wise men***.
|
||||
|
||||
# the meaning of the dreams
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory
|
|||
|
||||
# to interpret dreams
|
||||
|
||||
To “interpret” is to tell what something means. So Joseph was able to tell people what their dreams meant.
|
||||
To **interpret** is to tell what something means. So Joseph was able to tell people what their dreams meant.
|
||||
|
||||
# had Joseph brought to him
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “ordered his servants to bring Joseph to him.”
|
||||
|
||||
# and said, “God is going to send seven years of plentiful harvests, followed by seven years of famine.”
|
||||
# and said, “God is going to send seven years of plentiful harvests followed by seven years of famine.”
|
||||
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and told him that God was going to send seven years of plentiful harvests, followed by seven years of famine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and told him that God was going to send seven years of plentiful harvests followed by seven years of famine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# God is going to send
|
||||
|
||||
God will cause the crops to grow well for seven years, and after that He will cause them to produce very little food so that the people and animals will not have enough to eat.
|
||||
God will cause the crops to grow well for seven years, and after that he will cause them to produce very little food so that the people and animals will not have enough to eat.
|
||||
|
||||
# famine
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# to store up large amounts of food
|
||||
|
||||
They took food from the abundant harvests to the cities and stored it there. The food then belonged to Pharaoh.
|
||||
From the abundant harvests, they took food to the cities and stored it there. The food then belonged to Pharaoh.
|
||||
|
||||
# famine
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The famine was very bad. There was very little food and many people outside of E
|
|||
|
||||
# Egypt, but also in Canaan
|
||||
|
||||
For some languages it may be clearer or more natural to say, “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.”
|
||||
For some languages, it may be clearer or more natural to say, “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# So Jacob sent his older sons to Egypt to buy food.
|
||||
# So, Jacob sent his older sons to Egypt to buy food.
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “So” connects the result—Jacob send his sons to buy food, with the reason—the famine was bad in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **So** connects the result (Jacob send his sons to buy food), with the reason (the famine was bad in Canaan). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# his older sons
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ They did not know that the man was Joseph, because now Joseph was much older tha
|
|||
|
||||
# But Joseph recognized them.
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “But” indicates a contrast relationship. It contrasts Joseph’s brothers not recognizing him with Joseph recognizing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **But** indicates a contrast relationship. It contrasts Joseph’s brothers not recognizing him with Joseph recognizing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# After testing his brothers
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “After” begins a sequential clause. Joseph tested his brothers to see if they had changed and then he revealed who he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
The connecting word **After** begins a sequential clause. Joseph tested his brothers to see if they had changed and then he revealed who he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# testing his brothers
|
||||
|
||||
Joseph placed his older brothers in a difficult situation to see if they would protect their youngest brother, or treat him as badly as they had treated Joseph. When they protected their youngest brother, Joseph knew they had changed.
|
||||
Joseph placed his older brothers in a difficult situation to see if they would protect their youngest brother or treat him as badly as they had treated Joseph. When they protected their youngest brother, Joseph knew they had changed.
|
||||
|
||||
# if they had changed
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ This is a strong statement that Joseph was indeed their brother, even though he
|
|||
|
||||
# Do not be afraid
|
||||
|
||||
Joseph gave this command to his brothers who were afraid because they had greatly wronged Joseph. Now as a great ruler, he had the power to punish them. Joseph could refuse to sell them food, or even put them in prison or kill them. Another way to say this would be, “You do not need to fear any punishment from me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
|
||||
Joseph gave this command to his brothers who were afraid because they had greatly wronged Joseph. Now, as a great ruler, he had the power to punish them. Joseph could refuse to sell them food, or could even put them in prison or kill them. Another way to say this would be, “You do not need to fear any punishment from me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
|
||||
|
||||
# but God used the evil for good!
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “but” contrasts Joseph’s brother’s desire to do evil to God’s using it for good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **but** contrasts Joseph’s brother’s desire to do evil to God’s using it for good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# God used the evil for good!
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ This is a strong statement, because it is surprising that God was able to cause
|
|||
|
||||
# evil for good
|
||||
|
||||
Joseph’s brothers did an evil thing when they sold Joseph as a slave and he was taken to Egypt. But God allowed this so that Joseph could save thousands of people from starving during the famine, including his own family. This was a very good thing.
|
||||
Joseph’s brothers did an evil thing when they sold Joseph as a slave and he was taken to Egypt. But God allowed this so that Joseph could save thousands of people, including his own family, from starving during the famine. This was a very good thing.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ Long ago God made an agreement with Abraham and promised him that he would give
|
|||
|
||||
# were passed on to
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “passed down to” or, “given to” or, “applied to.” God’s promise to Abraham was also for Abraham’s children, grandchildren and all the rest of his descendants. See also [06:04](06/04).
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “passed down to” or “iven to” or “applied to.” God’s promise to Abraham was also for Abraham’s children, grandchildren and all the rest of his descendants. See also [06:04](06/04).
|
||||
|
||||
# the twelve tribes of Israel
|
||||
# the 12 tribes of Israel
|
||||
|
||||
God had promised Abraham, Isaac and Jacob that their descendants would become a great nation. God later changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob’s 12 sons became 12 great tribes. These 12 tribes made up the ancient nation called Israel, which was named by Jacob’s new name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
|
||||
# twelve
|
||||
# 12
|
||||
|
||||
This could also be written as numerals: “12.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
This could also be written in words: “twelve.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
|
||||
# A Bible story from
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This refers to a social relationship—all the people who were related to him by
|
|||
|
||||
# They were called the Israelites
|
||||
|
||||
The people group that descended from Jacob was called “Israel,” which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called “Israelites.”
|
||||
The people group that descended from Jacob was called ***Israel***, which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
|||
|
||||
# Israelites
|
||||
|
||||
“Israelite People” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
***Israelite people*** or ***people of Israel*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Egyptians
|
||||
|
||||
“Egyptian People” or “people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
***Egyptian people*** or ***people of Egypt*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
|
||||
# because there were so many of them
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Because” connects the action of the Egyptians being afraid with the reason—there were so many Isrealites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **because** connects the action (the Egyptians being afraid) with the reason (there were so many Isrealites). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Pharaoh
|
||||
|
||||
“Pharaoh” is an Egyptian word that refers to their king. This Pharaoh was probably the son of a former Pharaoh who had died, who may have been a descendant of the Pharaoh that Joseph knew.
|
||||
**Pharaoh** is an Egyptian word that refers to their king. This Pharaoh was probably the son of a former Pharaoh who had died, who may have been a descendant of the Pharaoh that Joseph knew.
|
||||
|
||||
# who was ruling Egypt at that time
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ This is background information about the ruler who was Pharaoh at that time. (Se
|
|||
|
||||
# made the Israelites slaves
|
||||
|
||||
That is, “forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly.”
|
||||
This could mean ***forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly***.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This means that they suffered terribly because of how harshly they were treated
|
|||
|
||||
# God blessed them
|
||||
|
||||
God took care of them, helping them endure the severe treatment and even caused them to become more numerous by giving them children.
|
||||
God took care of them, helping them endure the severe treatment and even caused them to become more numerous by giving them many children.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# saw
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “realized” or, “knew.”
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “realized” or “knew.”
|
||||
|
||||
# so he ordered his people to kill
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “so” connects the result—Pharaoh ordered the people to kill all the Israelite boys, with the reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **so** connects the result (Pharaoh ordered the people to kill all the Israelite boys), with the reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# as long as they could
|
||||
# as long as she could
|
||||
|
||||
They hid the baby from the Egyptians until it became too difficult to keep him safely hidden in their home.
|
||||
She hid the baby from the Egyptians until it became too difficult to keep him safely hidden in her home.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# reeds
|
||||
|
||||
A “reed” is a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
A **reed** is a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Another way to say this would be, “had grown into a man.”
|
|||
|
||||
# his fellow Israelite
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase refers to the Israelite slave. The word “fellow” here indicates that Moses was also an Israelite. Although the daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh raised Moses, Moses remembered that he was really an Israelite.
|
||||
This phrase refers to the Israelite slave. The word **fellow** here indicates that Moses was also an Israelite. Although the daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh raised Moses, Moses remembered that he was really an Israelite.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# but Moses fled from Egypt
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “But” contrasts Pharaoh trying to kill Moses with Moses escaping into the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **But** contrasts Pharaoh trying to kill Moses with Moses escaping into the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the wilderness
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# taking care of his father-in-law’s herd of sheep
|
||||
# taking care of his father-in-law’s flock of sheep
|
||||
|
||||
This means he was doing the work of a shepherd to guide the sheep to grass and water, and to protect them. It could be translated as, “tending the sheep that belonged to his father-in-law.”
|
||||
This means he was doing the work of a shepherd to guide the sheep to grass and water, and to protect them. It could be translated as: “tending the sheep that belonged to his father-in-law.”
|
||||
|
||||
# herd of sheep
|
||||
# flock of sheep
|
||||
|
||||
A “herd of sheep” is a large group of sheep that are owned by someone. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
A **flock of sheep** is a large group of sheep that are owned by someone. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
# a bush on fire, burning without being destroyed
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ God made the bush full of fire, but the fire did not damage the bush.
|
|||
|
||||
# God spoke to him
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “God said out loud.” Moses heard God speak, but he did not see God.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God said out loud.” Moses heard God speak, but he did not see God.
|
||||
|
||||
# He said, “Moses, take off your shoes. You are standing on holy ground.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# the suffering of my people
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “the very harsh treatment that my people are experiencing. Some languages might translate this as, “how the Egyptians are giving my people terrible pain.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “the very harsh treatment that my people are experiencing.” Some languages might translate this as, “how the Egyptians are giving my people terrible pain.”
|
||||
|
||||
# my people
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to the Israelites. God had made a covenant with Abraham and his descendants that He would bless them and make them into a great nation. Through this covenant, the Israelites became God’s own people.
|
||||
This refers to the Israelites. God had made a covenant with Abraham and his descendants that he would bless them and make them into a great nation. Through this covenant, the Israelites became God’s own people.
|
||||
|
||||
# so that you can bring the Israelites
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting words “so that” connect the result—Moses bringing the Israelites out of their slavery, and the reason—God has seen their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting words “so that” connect the result (Moses bringing the Israelites out of their slavery), and the reason (God has seen their suffering). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# can bring…out of their slavery in Egypt
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as, “can set them free from being slaves in Egypt” or, “can bring them out of Egypt where they are now slaves.”
|
||||
This can be translated as “can set them free from being slaves in Egypt” or “can bring them out of Egypt where they are now slaves.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# the people
|
||||
|
||||
See “my people” in [09:13](09/13).
|
||||
See **my people** in [09:13](09/13).
|
||||
|
||||
# I AM WHO I AM
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
|
|||
|
||||
# Yahweh
|
||||
|
||||
The name “Yahweh” means “HE IS” and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
The name **Yahweh** means “HE IS” and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
# my name
|
||||
|
||||
The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is “Yahweh,” which is related to “I AM” and appears to mean, “HE IS.”
|
||||
The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is ***Yahweh***, which is related to ***I AM*** and appears to mean, ***HE IS***.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ Moses knew that Pharaoh wanted to kill him, and he did not believe that he could
|
|||
|
||||
# so God sent Moses’ brother
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “so” connects the result—God sent Aaron to help Moses, and the reason—Moses thought he could not speak well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **so** connects the result (God sent Aaron to help Moses), and the reason (Moses thought he could not speak well). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Moses’ brother, Aaron
|
||||
|
||||
Aaron was Moses’s actual brother from his Israelite mother and father. Aaron would have been at least several years older than Moses.
|
||||
Aaron was Moses’ actual brother from his Israelite mother and father. Aaron would have been at least several years older than Moses.
|
||||
|
||||
# A Bible story from
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,27 +12,27 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
|
|||
|
||||
# the God of Israel
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “God, who chose the Israelites to be his people” or, “God, who rules the people of Israel” or, “the God whom the Israelites worship.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God, who chose the Israelites to be his people” or “God, who rules the people of Israel” or “the God whom the Israelites worship.”
|
||||
|
||||
# Let my people go!
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “Allow my people to go free!” or, “Free my people to leave Egypt!”
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “Allow my people to go free!” or “Free my people to leave Egypt!”
|
||||
|
||||
# my people
|
||||
|
||||
See “my people” in [09:13](09/13).
|
||||
See **my people** in [09:13](09/13).
|
||||
|
||||
# But Pharaoh did not listen
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “But” connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do—let his people go, with what he did—he did not listen to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **But** connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do (let his people go), with what he did (he did not listen to them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# listen to
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as “heed” or, “obey.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “heed” or “obey.”
|
||||
|
||||
# Instead of letting the Israelites go free
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Instead” connects what Moses and Aaron told Pharaoh to do—listen to God and let his people do, with what Pharaoh did—make them work harder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Instead** connects what Moses and Aaron told Pharaoh to do (listen to God and let his people go), with what Pharaoh did (make them work harder). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# he forced them to work even harder!
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
|||
# the people
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to the people of Israel, also called, “the Israelites.”
|
||||
This refers to the people of Israel, also called ***the Israelites***.
|
||||
|
||||
# so God sent
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “so” connects the cause—Pharaoh made the Israelites work harder instead of letting them go, with the result—God sent ten terrible plagues on Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **so** connects the cause (Pharaoh made the Israelites work harder instead of letting them go), with the result (God sent ten terrible plagues on Egypt). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# ten terrible plagues
|
||||
|
||||
A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for “plague” would be “disaster.”
|
||||
A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be ***disaster***.
|
||||
|
||||
# all of Egypt’s gods
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# turned the Nile River into blood
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages may need to say, “turned the water in the Nile River into blood.” Instead of water in the river there was blood, so the fish died and the people had no water to drink.
|
||||
Some languages may need to say, “turned the water in the Nile River into blood.” There was blood in the river instead of water, so the fish died and the people had no water to drink.
|
||||
|
||||
# but Pharaoh still
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “but” contrasts God turning the river to blood with Pharoah not letting the Israelites go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
The connecting word **but** contrasts God turning the river to blood with Pharoah not letting the Israelites go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# God sent frogs all over Egypt
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “God caused many frogs to appear throughout Egypt.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God caused many frogs to appear throughout Egypt.”
|
||||
|
||||
# hardened his heart
|
||||
|
||||
He became stubborn again and refused to obey God. Here “heart” is a synecdoche that refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
He became stubborn again and refused to obey God. Here **hardened** is a synecdoche that refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# God sent a plague
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “God caused there to be a plague” or, “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God caused there to be a plague” or “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.”
|
||||
|
||||
# gnats
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# After that
|
||||
|
||||
This means, after God caused the painful sores to appear on the Egyptians’ skin.
|
||||
This refers to after God caused the painful sores to appear on the Egyptians’ skin.
|
||||
|
||||
# God sent hail
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Pha
|
|||
|
||||
# You may go
|
||||
|
||||
The word “you” refers to Moses, Aaron, and the Israelites.
|
||||
The word **You** refers to Moses, Aaron, and the Israelites.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
|
|||
# these nine plagues
|
||||
|
||||
This means, “these nine disasters that God had caused.”
|
||||
This means ***these nine disasters that God had caused***.
|
||||
|
||||
# Since Pharaoh would not listen, God planned to send one last plague. This would change Pharaoh’s mind.
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Since” connects the action—God sending one last plague, with the reason—Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Since** connects the action (God sending one last plague), with the reason (Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go free). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Since Pharaoh would not listen
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “Since Pharaoh would not do what God was telling him to do” or, “Since Pharaoh refused to obey God.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “Since Pharaoh would not do what God was telling him to do” or “Since Pharaoh refused to obey God.”
|
||||
|
||||
# This would change Pharaoh’s mind
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “This last plague would cause Pharaoh to change how he thought about God and as a result he would let the Israelites go free.”
|
||||
Another way to say this would be, “This last plague would cause Pharaoh to change how he thought about God and, as a result, he would let the Israelites go free.”
|
||||
|
||||
# A Bible story from
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# the firstborn males of Egypt’s people and animals
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “the eldest son in every Egyptian family and the first male offspring of any of their animals.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “the eldest son in every Egyptian family and the first male offspring of any of their animals.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This can be stated in active form: “for those who believed in him to save thei
|
|||
|
||||
# a perfect lamb
|
||||
|
||||
That is, “a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects.”
|
||||
This could mean ***a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects***.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# unleavened bread
|
||||
|
||||
Leaven is something that is mixed into bread dough that makes the dough expand and it also makes the bread rise as it bakes. This could be translated as, “made without something that would make it rise.” Making the bread with leaven would have taken much longer, so cooking the bread without leaven was a way to be prepared to leave Egypt quickly.
|
||||
**Unleavened bread** is bread that is prepared without yeast. Yeast is mixed into bread dough to make the dough expand and rise as it bakes. This could be translated as: “made without something that would make it rise.” Making bread with yeast takes longer than without it, so unleavened bread shows that this meal was urgent and the people needed to do it quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
# be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ God did not kill their firstborn son.
|
|||
|
||||
# because of the lamb’s blood
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “because the lamb’s blood was on their door.” God saw that they had killed their lamb as he had commanded, so he did not kill their son.
|
||||
This could be translated as: “because the lamb’s blood was on their door.” God saw that they had killed their lamb as he had commanded, so he did not kill their son.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ In some languages it may be more natural or clear to say, “did not believe God
|
|||
|
||||
# did not pass over
|
||||
|
||||
He did not pass by their houses. Rather he stopped at each house and killed their eldest son.
|
||||
He did not pass by their houses. Rather, he stopped at each house and killed their eldest son.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This means that Pharaoh told his servants to tell Moses and Aaron to come to him
|
|||
|
||||
# and said
|
||||
|
||||
Pharaoh said the following words to Moses and Aaron after they came to him. In some languages this would be translated as, “and said to them,” or, “After they came, Pharaoh said to them.”
|
||||
Pharaoh said the following words to Moses and Aaron after they came to him. In some languages this would be translated as “and said to them,” or “After they came, Pharaoh said to them.”
|
||||
|
||||
# and said, “Take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately!”
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and
|
|||
|
||||
# Take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately!
|
||||
|
||||
This is a command is stated as an exclamation because Pharaoh was finally afraid of God, and urgently wanted the Israelites to leave Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||||
This is a command. It is stated as an exclamation because Pharaoh was finally afraid of God and urgently wanted the Israelites to leave Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Take
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This title can also be translated as “What happened when God took the Israelit
|
|||
|
||||
# Exodus
|
||||
|
||||
The term “exodus” means “leaving” or “going out from.”
|
||||
The term **Exodus** means ***leaving*** or ***going out from***.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# They were no longer slaves
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “They were not slaves anymore.”
|
||||
This could be translated as: “They were not slaves anymore.”
|
||||
|
||||
# were going
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages may use a more specific word like “traveling” since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land.
|
||||
Some languages may use a more specific word like ***traveling*** since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land.
|
||||
|
||||
# the Promised Land
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# A tall pillar of cloud
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as, “A tall cloud” or, “A cloud shaped like a pillar.” This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. It resembled in appearance a pillar, but it was made out of clouds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
This could be translated as: “A tall cloud” or “A cloud shaped like a pillar.” This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. In appearance it resembled a pillar, but it was made out of clouds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# a tall pillar of fire
|
||||
|
||||
This was a column of fire that hung or floated in the air in front of the Israelites. This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. It resembled in appearance a pillar, but it was made out of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
This was a column of fire that hung or floated in the air in front of the Israelites. This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. It resembled a pillar in appearance, but it was made out of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# guided them
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# After a short time
|
||||
|
||||
Probably at least two days had gone by. For that to be clear, it may be translated as, “After a few days” or, “A few days after the Israelites left Egypt.”
|
||||
Probably at least two days had gone by. For that to be clear, it may be translated as “After a few days” or “A few days after the Israelites left Egypt.”
|
||||
|
||||
# changed their minds
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase means, “began to think differently than they had before.” The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
This phrase means ***began to think differently than they had before***. The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# So they
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “So” connects the result—the Egyptians chased after the Israelites, with the reason—the Egyptians wanted the Israelites to be their slaves again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians chased after the Israelites), with the reason (the Egyptians wanted the Israelites to be their slaves again). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Another way to say this would be, “Today God will defeat the Egyptians for you
|
|||
|
||||
# fight for you today and save you
|
||||
|
||||
Both occurrences of the pronoun “you” refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||||
Both occurrences of the pronoun **you** refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Then God told Moses, “Tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Then God moved
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “Then” connects God’s instructions that the Israelites are to move forward with God moving the pillar of cloud behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
The connecting word **Then** connects God’s instructions that the Israelites are to move forward with God moving the pillar of cloud behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the pillar of cloud
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ See how you translated this phrase in [12:02](12/02).
|
|||
|
||||
# so the Egyptians could not see
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word “so” connects the effect of the Egyptians not being able to see with the cause—God’s movement of the cloud between them and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
The connecting word **so** connects the effect of the Egyptians not being able to see with the cause (God’s movement of the cloud between them and the Israelites). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# could not see
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
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Reference in New Issue