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Grant_tw_updates (#1394) 

Co-authored-by: Grant Ailie <grant_ailie@wycliffeassociates.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tw/pulls/1394
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Benjamin Wright 2023-09-15 21:40:38 +00:00
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# beget, begot, begat, begotten
## Definition:
The term “beget” means to become the father of someone.
## Translation Suggestions:
* You could translate the phrase “beget” as “bring forth” and the term “begat” as “fathered” and the term “begot” as “gave life.”
* The term “begotten” is the passive form of “beget” and means to “be born.”
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
*

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# boast, boastful
## Definition:
The term “boast” means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself.
* Someone who is “boastful” talks about himself in a proud way.
* God rebuked the Israelites for “boasting in” their idols. They arrogantly worshiped false gods instead of the true God.
* The Bible also talks about people boasting in such things as their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, and their laws. This means that they were proud about these things and did not acknowledge that God is the one who provided these things.
* God urged the Israelites to instead “boast” or be proud about the fact that they know him.
* The apostle Paul also talks about boasting in the Lord, which means being glad and thankful to God for all he has done for them.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “boast” could include “brag” or “talk proudly” or “be proud.”
* The term “boastful” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “full of prideful talk” or “prideful” or “talking proudly about oneself.”
* In the context of boasting in or about knowing God, this could be translated as “take pride in” or “exalt in” or “be very glad about” or “give thanks to God about.”
* Some languages have two words for “pride”: one that is negative, with the meaning of being arrogant, and the other that is positive, with the meaning of taking pride in one’s work, family, or country.
## Translation Suggestions:
(See also: [proud](../other/proud.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 20:11](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/20/11)
* [2 Timothy 3:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/03/01)
* [James 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/14)
* [James 4:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/04/15)
* [Psalms 44:8](rc://en/tn/help/psa/044/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1984, H3235, H6286, G02120, G02130, G17400, G26200, G27440, G27450, G27460, G31660

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# call, call out
# call, called, call out, called out
## Definition:
The terms “call” and “call out” usually mean to speak loudly, but the term “call” can also mean to name or summon a person. There are also some other meanings.
The terms “call” and “call out,” in this sense, mean to speak loudly.
* To “call out” to someone means to shout, to announce, or to proclaim. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
* Often in the Bible, “call” has a meaning of “summon” or “command to come” or “request to come.”
* God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their “calling.”
* When God “calls” people, it means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
* This term is also used in the context of naming someone. For example, “His name is called John,” means “He is named John” or “His name is John.”
* To be “called by the name of” means that someone is given the name of someone else. God says that he has called his people by his name.
* A different expression, “I have called you by name” means that God has specifically chosen that person.
* In some contexts the terms “call” and “call out” mean to loudly ask for help.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “call” could be translated by a word that means “summon,” which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling.
* The expression “call out to you” could be translated as “ask you for help” or “pray to you urgently.”
* When the Bible says that God has “called” us to be his servants, this could be translated as “specially chose us” or “appointed us” to be his servants.
* “You must call his name” can also be translated as “you must name him.”
@ -26,17 +20,10 @@ The terms “call” and “call out” usually mean to speak loudly, but the te
* The expression “you are called by my name” could be translated as “I have given you my name, showing that you belong to me.”
* When God says, “I have called you by name,” this could be translated as “I know you and have chosen you.”
(See also: [pray](../kt/pray.md), [cry](../other/cry.md))
(See also: [pray](../kt/pray.md), [cry](../other/cry.md), [call to summon](../kt/call.md), [call name](../kt/call-name.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 18:24](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/18/24)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/07)
* [2 Timothy 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/01/09)
* [Ephesians 4:1](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/01)
* [Galatians 1:15](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/15)
* [Matthew 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/02/15)
* [Philippians 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/14)
## Word Data:

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# call, called
## Definition:
The terms “call” and “called,” in this sense, mean to name a place, person, or being. When referring to a person or thing the terms “call” and “called” can refer either to initially giving someone or something a name for the first time or to saying that thing or persons pre-existing name or title.
* The Bible sometimes uses these terms in the context of naming someone. For example, “His name is called John,” means “He is named John” or “His name is John.”
* To be “called by the name of” means that someone is given the name of someone else. God says that he has called his people by his name.
## Translation Suggestions:
* “You must call his name” can also be translated as “you must name him.”
* “His name is called” could also be translated as “his name is” or “he is named.”
* The expression “you are called by my name” could be translated as “I have given you my name, showing that you belong to me.”
* You could translates Jesus' words “You call me ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord,’” as “You address me as ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord,’” or something similar to show that the word “call” in this context means to “address” someone by a specific name or title.
(See also: [call to summon](../kt/call.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# call, called
## Definition:
The term “call,” in this sense, means to summon a person or being.
* Often in the Bible, “call” has a meaning of “summon” or “command to come” or “request to come.”
* Depending on context the phrase “call upon” can be translated as "summon" or “request help from” or “request to come.”
* God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their “calling.”
* When God “calls” people, it means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
* The expression, “I have called you by name” means that God has specifically chosen that person.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “call” could be translated by a word that means “summon,” which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling.
* When the Bible says that God has “called” us to be his servants, this could be translated as “specially chose us” or “appointed us” to be his servants.
* The expression “your calling” could be translated as “your purpose” or “God’s purpose for you” or “God’s special work for you.”
* When God says, “I have called you by name,” this could be translated as “I know you and have chosen you.”
(See also: [call to speak loudly](../kt/call-tospeakloudly.md), [call name](../kt/call-name.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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## Description:
The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is used to refer to a specific time(s) when God would punish people for their sin.
The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is used to refer to a future time when God will punish people for their sin.
* The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is an expression that many of the prophets use.
* The New Testament term “day of the Lord” usually refers to the day or time when the Lord Jesus will come back to judge people at the end of time.
* This final, future time of judgment and resurrection is also sometimes referred to as the “last day.” This time will begin when the Lord Jesus comes back to judge sinners and will permanently establish his rule.
* The word “day” in these phrases may sometimes refer to a literal day or it may refer to a “time” or “occasion” that is longer than a day.

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## Definition:
The terms “fear” refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being. In the Bible, however, the term “fear” can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
The terms “fear” often refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being. In the Bible, however, the term “fear” can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “fear” can be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “be afraid;” “deeply respect,” or “deep respect;” “revere,” or “reverence;” or perhaps “be in awe of.”
* The phrase “fear not” could also be translated as “do not be afraid” or “stop being afraid.”
* The sentence “The fear of God fell on all of them” might be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God;” or “Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply;” or “Right then, they all felt very afraid of God (because of his great power).”
* The phrase “fear Yahweh” could be translated as “reverence Yahweh” or “deeply respect Yahweh.”
* The phrase “fear not” could also be translated as “do not be afraid” or “stop being afraid.”
(See also: [awe](../other/awe.md), [Yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md), [Lord](../kt/lord.md), [marvel](../other/amazed.md), [power](../kt/power.md))

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# house of God, Yahweh’s house
# house of God, your house, his house, Yahweh’s house, a house for my name, the house for my name, the house, a house, a house of Yahweh
## Definition:
In the Bible, the phrases “house of God” (God’s house) and “house of Yahweh (Yahweh’s house)” refer to a place where God is worshiped.
* This term is also used more specifically to refer to the tabernacle or the temple.
* Sometimes “God’s house” is used to refer to the people of God.
* The terms “house of God” and “house of Yahweh” refer to the tabernacle or temple. These expressions can also refer generally to a central place where Yahweh was worshipped.
* The Bible often uses the phrases “your house” and “his house” to refer to the temple of Yahweh.
* The phrases “the house for my name,” “a house for my name,” and “a house of Yahweh” all refer to the temple of Yahweh.
* In some contexts, such as in 1 Chronicles 17:25 and 29:16, the phrase “a house” refers to the temple of Yahweh.
* In some contexts, such as in 1 Kings 8:44 and 2 Chronicles 6:4, the phrase “the house” refers to the temple of Yahweh.
## Translation Suggestions:
* When referring to a place of worship, this term could be translated as “a house for worshiping God” or “a place for worshiping God.”
* If it is referring to the temple or tabernacle, this could be translated as “the temple (or tabernacle) where God is worshiped” (or “where God is present” or “where God meets with his people”).
* The word “house” may be important to use in the translation in order to communicate that God “dwells” there, that is, his spirit is in that place to meet with his people and to be worshiped by them.
* The phrase “house of Yahweh” could be translated as “Yahweh’s temple” or “place where Yahweh is worshiped” or “place where Yahweh meets with his people” or “where Yahweh dwells.” The phrase “house of God” could be translated in a similar way.
(See also: [people of God](../kt/peopleofgod.md), [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))

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## Definition:
The terms “jealous” and “jealousy” refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone.
The terms “jealous” and “jealousy” in this sense refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone (See Numbers 11:29).
* These terms are often used to describe the angry feeling that a person has toward a spouse who has been unfaithful in their marriage.
* The term “jealous” is used to describe the angry feeling that a person has toward their spouse when they suspect that their spouse has been unfaithful in their marriage (See Numbers 5:14).
* The terms “jealous” and “jealousy” are often used to describe God's strong desire that his covenant people love him, remain spiritually faithful to him, and keep him foremost in their affections.
* When used in the Bible, these terms often refer to God’s strong desire for his people to remain pure and unstained by sin.
* God is also “jealous” for his name, desiring that it be treated with honor and reverence.
* Another meaning of jealous involves being angry that someone else is successful or more popular. This is close in meaning to the word “envious.”
* God is “jealous” for his glory, desiring that he be treated with honor and reverence.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “jealous” could include “strong protective desire” or “possessive desire.”
* The term “jealousy” could be translated as “strong protective feeling” or “possessive feeling.”
* When talking about God, make sure the translation of these terms does not give a negative meaning of being resentful of someone else.
* In the context of people’s wrong feelings of anger toward toward other people who are more successful, the terms “envious” and “envy” could be used. But these terms should not be used for God.
* When talking about God, make sure the translation of these terms does not give a negative meaning of being resentful or envious of someone else.
(See also: [envy](../other/envy.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 12:20](rc://en/tn/help/2co/12/20)
* [Deuteronomy 5:9](rc://en/tn/help/deu/05/09)
* [Exodus 20:5](rc://en/tn/help/exo/20/05)
* [Ezekiel 36:5](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/36/05)
* [Joshua 24:19](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/19)
* [Nahum 1:2-3](rc://en/tn/help/nam/01/02)
* [Romans 13:13](rc://en/tn/help/rom/13/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7065, H7067, H7068, H7072, G22050, G38630
* Strong’s:

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# judgment day
# day of judgment
## Definition:
The term “judgment day” refers to a future time when God will judge every person.
The term “day of judgment” refers to a future time when God will judge every person.
* God has made his Son, Jesus Christ, the judge of all people.
* On judgment day, Christ will judge people on the basis of his righteous character.
* On the day of judgment, Christ will judge people on the basis of his righteous character.
## Translation Suggestions:
@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ The term “judgment day” refers to a future time when God will judge every pe
* [Luke 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/12)
* [Luke 11:31](rc://en/tn/help/luk/11/31)
* [Luke 11:32](rc://en/tn/help/luk/11/32)
* [Matthew 10:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/14)
* [Matthew 12:36-37](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/36)
* [Matthew 10:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/15)
* [Matthew 12:36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/36)
## Word Data:

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The terms “kingdom of God” and “kingdom of heaven” both refer to God’s
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “kingdom of God” can be translated as “God’s rule (as king)” or “when God reigns as king” or “God’s rule over everything.”
* The term “kingdom of heaven” could also be translated as “God’s rule from heaven as king” or “God in heaven reigning” or “heaven’s reign” or “heaven ruling over everything.” If it is not possible to translate this simply and clearly, the phrase “kingdom of God” could be translated instead.
* Depending on the context, the term “kingdom of heaven” could also be translated as “God’s rule from heaven as king” or “God in heaven reigning” or “heaven’s reign” or “heaven ruling over everything.” If it is not possible to translate this simply and clearly, the phrase “kingdom of God” could be translated instead.
* Some translators may prefer to capitalize “Heaven” to show that it refers to God. Others may include a note in the text, such as “kingdom of heaven (that is, ‘kingdom of God’).”
* A footnote at the bottom of the page of a printed Bible may also be used to explain the meaning of “heaven” in this expression.

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# last day, latter days
# last day, last days, latter days
## Definition:
The term “last days” or “latter days” refers generally to the time period at the end of the current age.
The term “the last days” refers generally to the time which begins with the first coming of Jesus and ends with his second coming and the final day of judgement. The Bible also calls the final day of judgement “the last day.” The phrase “the latter days” is sometimes used in the Bible with the same meaning as the phrase “the last days” but other times it can refer only to a time that is after the time in which the speaker is speaking but before the first coming of Jesus.
The term “the last day” refers to the day of final judgement.
* This time period will have an unknown duration.
* The “last days” are a time of judgment upon those who have turned away from God.
* This time period of “the last days” will have an unknown duration.
* The “the last day” is a time of judgment upon those who have turned away from God.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “last days” can also be translated as “final days” or “end times.”
* The term “the last days” can also be translated as “the final days” or “the end times.”
* The term “the last day” can also be translated as “the final day.”
* In some contexts, this could be translated as “end of the world” or “when this world ends.”
(See also: [day of the Lord](../kt/dayofthelord.md), [judge](../kt/judge.md), [turn](../other/turn.md), [world](../kt/world.md))

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# name
## Definition:
The term “name” refers to the word by which a specific person or thing is called. In the Bible, however, the term “name” is used in several different ways to refer to several different concepts.
* In some contexts, “name” could refer to a person’s reputation, as in “let us make a name for ourselves.”
* The term “name” could also refer to the memory of something. For example, “cut off the names of the idols” means to destroy those idols so that they are no longer remembered or worshiped.
* Speaking “in the name of God” meant speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative.
* The “name” of someone could refer to the entire person, as in “there is no other name under heaven by which we must be saved.” (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
## Translation Suggestions:
* An expression like “his good name” could be translated as “his good reputation.”
* Doing something “in the name of” could be translated as “with the authority of” or “with the permission of” or “as the representative of” that person.
* The expression “make a name for ourselves” could be translated “cause many people to know about us” or “make people think we are very important.”
* The expression “call his name” could be translated as “name him” or “give him the name.”
* The expression “those who love your name” could be translated as “those who love you.”
* The expression “cut off the names of idols” could be translated as “get rid of pagan idols so that they are not even remembered” or “cause people to stop worshiping false gods” or “completely destroy all idols so that people no longer even think about them.”
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:12](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/12)
* [2 Timothy 2:19](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/02/19)
* [Acts 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/07)
* [Acts 4:12](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/12)
* [Acts 9:27](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/27)
* [Genesis 12:2](rc://en/tn/help/gen/12/02)
* [Genesis 35:10](rc://en/tn/help/gen/35/10)
* [Matthew 18:5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/18/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5344, H7121, H7761, H8034, H8036, G25640, G36860, G36870, G51220

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# pastor
## Definition:
The term “pastor” is literally the same word as “shepherd.” It is used as a title for someone who is the spiritual leader for a group of believers.
* In English Bible versions, “pastor” only occurs one time, in the book of Ephesians. It is the same word as is translated as “shepherd” elsewhere.
* In some languages, the word for “pastor” is the same as the word for “shepherd.”
* It is also the same word as is used to refer to Jesus as the “good Shepherd.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term with the word for “shepherd” in the project language.
* Other ways to translate this term could include “spiritual shepherd” or “shepherding Christian leader.”
(See also: [shepherd](../other/shepherd.md), [sheep](../other/sheep.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 4:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/11)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7462, G41660

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# shaddai
## Facts:
The term “Shaddai” is a Hebrew word used for deity. It is used in the Old Testament as a personal name for God. The specific origin (and therefore meaning) of this term is not known. Scholars have proposed different possibilites for what it means and the most probable is that “shaddai” means “mountain” or “mountain range.”
* The Hebrew word “Shaddai” is often translated into English as “the Almighty.”
* The Hebrew phrase “El Shaddai” is often translated into English as “God Almighty.”
* If “Shaddai” means “mountain” or “mountain range” then the Hebrew phrase "El Shaddai" literally means “God, the one of the mountain.”
* The ULT and UST texts always translate this term as, “Shaddai,” in agreement with the Hebrew text of the Old Testament.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Even though the word Shaddai is a name for a God it is often translated as a title or description, “the Almighty,” rather than as a name. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to translate the word in the same way that it does. If a translation does not exist, you may wish to use the name Shaddai.
* If you choose to translate the term “Shaddai” as a name you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and you could also spell the phrase “El Shaddai” the way it sounds in your language.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [God](../kt/god.md))
## Bible References:
## Examples from the Bible stories:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# vow
## Definition:
A “vow” is a solemn promise or oath that a person makes to God.
* If a person in ancient Israel made a vow to God, that person was obligated to fulfill the vow. The ancient Israelites believed that God might punish a person who did not fulfill a vow that he made.
* In ancient Israel, sometimes a person would ask God to protect him or provide for him in exchange for making the vow. However, the ancient Israelites did not believe that God was obligated to fulfill these requests.
* Depending on the context, the term “vow” can be translated as “solemn promise” or “solemn oath” or “promise made to God.”
(See also: [promise](../kt/promise.md), [oath](../other/oath.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 7:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/1co/07/27)
* [Acts 21:23](rc://en/tn/help/act/21/23)
* [Genesis 28:21](rc://en/tn/help/gen/28/21)
* [Genesis 31:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/12)
* [Jonah 1:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/jon/01/14)
* [Jonah 2:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/jon/02/09)
* [Proverbs 7:14](rc://en/tn/help/pro/07/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5087, H5088, G21710

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ The term “Yahweh” is God’s personal name in the Old Testament. The specifi
## Translation Suggestions:
* “Yahweh” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “I am” or “living one” or “the one who is” or “he who is alive.”
* “Yahweh” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “I am” or “existing one” or “the one who is” or “he who is present.”
* This term could also be written in a way that is similar to how “Yahweh” is spelled.
* Some church denominations prefer not to use the term “Yahweh” and instead use the traditional rendering, “LORD.” An important consideration is that this may be confusing when read aloud because it will sound the same as the title “Lord.” Some languages may have an affix or other grammatical marker that could be added to distinguish “LORD” as a name (Yahweh) from “Lord” as a title.
* It is best if possible to keep the name Yahweh where it literally occurs in the text, but some translations may decide to use only a pronoun in some places, to make the text more natural and clear.

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# Anak, Anakites
## Facts:
Anak is the name of a man whose father was Arba and whose descendents were called “Anakites” or “the Anakim” or “the Anak.”
* The Anakites were a very tall people.
* The Anakites are a people group who lived in the land that Yahweh promised to give to the Israelites. The Israelites eventually conquered and dispossessed them.
* Anak had three sons or descendants who were named Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai.
* The name “Anak” is an English transliteration of the Hebrew word for Anak.
(See also: [Hebron](../names/hebron.md))
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

4
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En Gedi was the name of a city in the wilderness of Judah southeast of Jerusalem.
* En Gedi was located on the western bank of the Salt Sea.
* Part of its name means “fountain,” referring to a spring of water that flows down from the city into the sea.
* En Gedi was known for having beautiful vineyards and other fertile land, probably due to the continual watering by the fountain of water.
* Part of its name means “fountain,” referring to a spring which watered the city.
* En Gedi was known for having beautiful vineyards and other fertile land, probably due to the continual watering by the spring of water.
* There were strongholds in En Gedi which David fled to when he was being chased by King Saul.
(See also: [David](../names/david.md), [desert](../other/desert.md), [fountain](../other/fountain.md), [Judah](../names/judah.md), [rest](../other/rest.md), [Salt Sea](../names/saltsea.md), [Saul (OT)](../names/saul.md), [stronghold](../other/stronghold.md), [vineyard](../other/vineyard.md))

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## Facts:
The terms “Ephrath” and “Ephrathah” are probably derived from the name “Ephraim,” who was one of the sons of Joseph and became the patriarch of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Different
The name “Ephrathah” refers to a clan of Judah as well as to the territory that they occupied, which was centered around the town of Bethlehem. Sometimes the name is shortened to “Ephrath.”
* The clan of Ephrathah was probably named after a woman named “Ephrathah,” who was a wife of Caleb and the grandmother of the founders of the towns of Kiriath-Jearim, Bethlehem, and Beth-Gader (1 Chron 2:50-51).
* The towns of Bethlehem (Gen 35:19;48:7) and Kirjath-Jearim (Psalm 132:6) are both sometimes referred to as “Ephrathah.”
* Rachel died on the way to a town called “Ephrathah.”
* It is possible that there was a different town called “Ephrathah” further north near Ramah, and that Rachel was buried near there (1 Sam 10:2; Jer 31:15).
* “Ephrathah” is the name of the region where Rachel died, near the city of Bethel.
* There is a woman named “Ephrath” in the OT, who was the wife of Caleb.
* Both cities of Bethlehem and Kirjath-Jearim are also called “Ephrathah,” even though both cities are in a different region than described above (near Bethel).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))

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# Hebron
# Hebron, Kiriath Arba
## Facts:
@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ Hebron was a city located in the high, rocky hills about 20 miles south of Jerus
* The city was built around 2000 BC during the time of Abram. It was mentioned many times in the historical accounts given in the Old Testament.
* Hebron had a very important role in King David’s life. Several of his sons, including Absalom, were born there.
* The city was destroyed around AD 70 by the Romans.
* The city of Hebron was formerly called Kiriath Arba (see Joshua 14:15 and Joshua 15:54).
* The city of Hebron, formerly called Kiriath Arba, was probably founded by Arba, the father of Anak and may have been originally named Kiriath Arba to honor Arba because Joshua 14:15 records that Arba “was a great man among the Anakites.”
* The name “Hebron” is an English transliteration of the Hebrew word for Hebron.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Absalom](../names/absalom.md))
(See also: [Anak](../names/anak.md), [Absalom](../names/absalom.md))
## Bible References:

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# Heshbon
## Facts:
In Bible times, Heshbon was a major city of Moab. It was the capital city of king Sihon before the Israelites conquered it and began living in it.
(Translation suggestions: [Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Moab](../names/moab.md), [Sihon](../names/sihon.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

26
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# Horeb
## Definition:
Mount Horeb is another name for Mount Sinai, where God gave Moses the stone tablets with the ten commandments.
* Mount Horeb is called the “mountain of God.”
* Horeb was the place where Moses saw the burning bush when he was tending sheep.
* Mount Horeb was the place where God revealed his covenant to the Israelites by giving them the stone tablets with his commandments written on them.
* It was also the place where God later told Moses to strike a rock to provide water for the Israelites as they were wandering in the desert.
* The exact location of this mountain is not known, but it may have been in the southern part of what is now the Sinai Peninsula.
* It is possible that “Horeb” was the actual name of the mountain and that “Mount Sinai” simply means “mountain of Sinai,” referring to the fact that Mount Horeb was located in the desert of Sinai.
(See also: [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [Moses](../names/moses.md), [Sinai](../names/sinai.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 8:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/08/09)
* [2 Chronicles 5:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/2ch/05/09)
* [Deuteronomy 1:2](rc://en/tn/help/deu/01/02)
* [Exodus 3:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01)
* [Psalms 106:19](rc://en/tn/help/psa/106/19)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2722

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# Rapha, Rephaites, Rephaim,
## Facts:
The term “Rapha” is the name for a group of inhabitants who lived in a location on the Eastern side of the Jordan river. The “Rapha” are called “Rephaites” or “Rephaim”
* There was a valley named after this people group, “the valley of the Rephaites,” which is mentioned six times in the Old Testament.
* “Rapha” is an English transliteration of a Hebrew word. It is difficult to determine with certainty what the word “Rapha” means and consequently what type of beings the word “Rapha” refers to. The term “Rapha” could refer to a group of living people, spirits, or quasi-divine beings. For this reason many English translations have chosen to transliterate the original language (Hebrew) word as “Rephaites” or “Rephaim.” You may desire to do the same thing in your translation.
* The people group the Ammonites called the Rephaites by the name “Zamzummites” (See Deuteronomy 2:20).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names), [Copy or Borrow Words](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# Og
## Facts:
Og is the name of a man who was an Amorite king who ruled over the land of Bashan.
* The Israelites conquered Og and his people and land.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Amorite](../names/amorite.md), [Bashan](../names/bashan.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

22
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# Rapha, Raphaites, the Valley of the Raphaites
## Facts:
The term “Rapha” is the name for a group of inhabitants who lived in a location on the eastern side of the Jordan river. It is also used to refer to dead people or their spirits. The “Rapha” are called “Raphaites” or “Rephaim.”
* There was a valley named after this people group, “the valley of the Raphaites,” which is mentioned six times in the Old Testament.
* “Rapha” is an English transliteration of a Hebrew word. It is difficult to determine with certainty what the word “Rapha” means and consequently what type of beings the word “Rapha” refers to, whether a group of living people, spirits, or quasi-divine beings. For this reason many English translations have chosen to transliterate the original language (Hebrew) word as “Rephaites” or “Rephaim.” You may desire to do the same thing in your translation.
* In Job 26:5, Psalm 88:10, Proverbs 2:18, Proverbs 9:18, Proverbs 21:16, Isaiah 14:9, Isaiah 26:14, and Isaiah 26:19 the term “Raphaites” refers to people who are dead or to their “spirits.”
* In all other occurrences in the Old Testament the term “Raphaites” refers to the people group who were human beings who were alive and made up a specific people group.
* The people group the Ammonites called the Raphaites by the name “Zamzummites” (See Deuteronomy 2:20).
* The term “Rapha” refers to the living people group in every occurrence in the Old Testament except in 1 Chronicles 8:2 and 8:37. In each of these two verses it refers to the name of a man (a different man in each verse).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names), [Copy or Borrow Words](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

23
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# Seir, sons of Seir, Mount Seir, mountains of Seir, land of Seir
## Facts:
Seir is the name of a man who was a descendant of Esau. The Bible calls Seir's descendants “the sons of Seir.”
* In the Bible region where the descendants of Seir lived is sometimes called “the land of Seir” and sometimes called “Seir.”
* The Bible calls a mountain range in Edom “the mountains of Seir.”
* The Bible calls a mountain in the land of Judah “Mount Seir.”
* The context and/or the modifying word or words will indicate whether “Seir” refers to the person, his descendants, the land of Seir, the mountain Seir, or the mountain range by that name.
* The phrase “the sons of Seir” in 2 Chronicles 25:11,14, refers to the Edomites and the word “Seir” in Ezekiel 25:8 also refers to the Edomites.
* In the Bible the term “Seir” is sometimes used with the same meaning as “Edom.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Edom](../names/edom.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# Sihon
Sihon is the name of a man who was an Amorite king who ruled over the land of Heshbon.
* The Israelites conquered Sihon and his people and land.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Amorite](../names/amorite.md), [Heshbon](../names/Heshbon.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

11
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## Facts:
Mount Sinai or Mount Horeb is a mountain that was probably located in the southern part of what is now called the Sinai Peninsula, but the exact location of this mountain is not known.
Mount Sinai, also called Mount Horeb, is a mountain that was probably located in the southern part of what is now called the Sinai Peninsula, but the exact location of this mountain is not known.
* It is possible that “Horeb” was the actual name of the mountain and that “Mount Sinai” simply means “mountain of Sinai,” referring to the fact that Mount Horeb was located in the desert of Sinai.
* It is the place where God revealed his covenant to the Israelites and gave Moses the stone tablets on which he had written the ten commandments.
* It is also called the “mountain of God.”
* It was the place where Moses saw the burning bush when he was tending sheep.
* It was the place where God revealed his covenant to the Israelites by giving them the stone tablets with his commandments written on them.
* It was also the place where God later told Moses to strike a rock to provide water for the Israelites as they were wandering in the desert.
* It was the place where Moses saw the burning bush when he was tending sheep.
* It is possible that “Horeb” was the actual name of the mountain and that “Mount Sinai” simply means “mountain of Sinai,” referring to the fact that Mount Horeb was located in the desert of Sinai.
(See also: [desert](../other/desert.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
(See also: [desert](../other/desert.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md) [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [Moses](../names/moses.md), [Sinai](../names/sinai.md))
## Bible References:

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# age, era, time
## Definition:
Used in this sense the term “age” refers to a time period.
* Other words used to express an extended period of time include “era” and “season.”
* Jesus refers to “this age” as the present time when evil, sin, and disobedience toward God fill the earth.
* There will be a future age when righteousness will reign in a new heaven and a new earth.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “age” could be translated as “era” or “time period” or “time.”
* The phrase “this present evil age” means “during this time right now when people are very evil.”
* The phrase “end of the age” (used in Jesus' words in Matthew 28:20) means “end of this period of history” or “end of this present age” and refers to the end of this present age at Jesus' second coming.
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# age, aged
# age, aged, old, old age, years old,
## Definition:
The term “age” refers to the number of years a person has lived. It also used to refer generally to a time period.
* Other words used to express an extended period of time include “era” and “season.”
* Jesus refers to “this age” as the present time when evil, sin, and disobedience fill the earth.
* There will be a future age when righteousness will reign over a new heaven and a new earth.
In this sense, the term “age” refers to the number of years a person has lived. In the Bible the terms “aged” and “old” are both used to describe someone who has lived a for many years.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “age” could also be translated as “era” or “number of years old” or “time period” or “time.”
* The phrase “at a very old age” could be translated as “at many years old” or “when he was very old” or “when he had lived a very long time.”
* The phrase “this present evil age” means “during this time right now when people are very evil.”
* The term “aged” could also be translated as “old” or “very old” depending on context.
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 29:28](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/29/28)
* [1 Corinthians 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/07)
* [Hebrews 6:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/06/05)
* [Job 5:26](rc://en/tn/help/job/05/26)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G01650, G10740
* Strong’s:

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# astray, go astray, went astray, lead astray, stray
## Definition:
The terms “stray” and “go astray” mean to disobey God’s will. People who are “led astray” have allowed other people or circumstances to influence them to disobey God.
* The word “astray” gives a picture of leaving a clear path or a place of safety to go down a wrong and dangerous path.
* Sheep who leave the pasture of their shepherd have “strayed.” God compares sinful people to sheep who have left him and “gone astray.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The phrase “go astray” could be translated as “go away from God” or “take a wrong path away from God’s will” or “stop obeying God” or “live in a way that goes away from God.”
* To “lead someone astray” could be translated as “cause someone to disobey God” or “influence someone to stop obeying God” or “cause someone to follow you down a wrong path.”
(See also: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [shepherd](../other/shepherd.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/07)
* [2 Timothy 3:13](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/03/13)
* [Exodus 23:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/exo/23/04)
* [Ezekiel 48:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/48/10)
* [Matthew 18:13](rc://en/tn/help/mat/18/13)
* [Matthew 24:5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/24/05)
* [Psalms 58:3](rc://en/tn/help/psa/058/03)
* [Psalms 119:110](rc://en/tn/help/psa/119/110)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5080, H7683, H7686, H8582, G41050, G53510

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# bear, bears, bore, borne, bearers, bearer, bearing, carry
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the term “bear” literally means to “carry” something.
* To “bear a burden” means to “carry something difficult” or to “experience difficult things.” These difficult things could include physical or emotional suffering.
* The term “burden bearers” refers to men who carry heavy things and could be translated as “burden carriers” or “carriers.”
* The term “armor bearer” could be translated as “armor carrier.”
* The phrase “bearer of news” could be translated as “carrier of news.”
* Depending on context, this term could be translated as “carry” or “endure.”
(See also: [burden](../other/burden.md), [endure](../other/endure.md), [strength](../other/strength.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

18
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# bear, bore, borne
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the term “bear” means to “be responsible for” something or to “be held responsible for” something.
* The statement that “a son will not bear the iniquity of his father” means that he “will not be held responsible for” or “will not be punished for” his father’s sins.
* Depending on context, this term could be translated as “be responsible for” or “be held responsible for.”
(See also: [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

19
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# bear, bear witness, bear false witness, bore witness, borne witness
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the phrase “bear witness” means to testify about something or give a report about something.
* The expression “bear witness” means “testify” or “report what one has seen or experienced.”
* The expression “bear false witness” means “testify falsely” or “report falsely what one has seen or experienced.”
* Depending on context, the phrase “bear witness” could be translated as “testify” or “report.”
(See also: [report](../other/report.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# bear, bearer, carry
# bear, bearer, bore, borne, produce, produced
## Facts:
The term “bear” literally means “carry” something. There are also many figurative uses of this term.
Used in this sense, the term “bear” means to “produce” or “give birth to.”
* When speaking of a woman who will bear a child, this means “give birth to” a child.
* To “bear a burden” means to “experience difficult things.” These difficult things could include physical or emotional suffering.
* A common expression in the Bible is “bear fruit,” which means “produce fruit” or “have fruit.”
* The expression “bear witness” means “testify” or “report what one has seen or experienced.”
* The statement that “a son will not bear the iniquity of his father” means that he “will not be held responsible for” or “will not be punished for” his father’s sins.
* In general, this term could be translated as “carry” or “be responsible for” or “produce” or “have” or “endure,” depending on the context.
* A common expression in the Bible is “bear fruit,” which means “produce fruit”
* When speaking of a woman who will bear a child, this means “give birth to” a child
* Depending on context, this term could be translated as “produce” or “give birth to.”
(Translation suggestions: [Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [burden](../other/burden.md), [Elisha](../names/elisha.md), [endure](../other/endure.md), [fruit](../other/fruit.md), [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md), [report](../other/report.md), [sheep](../other/sheep.md), [strength](../other/strength.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
(Translation suggestions: [fruit](../other/fruit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Lamentations 3:27](rc://en/tn/help/lam/03/27)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2232, H3201, H3205, H5375, H5445, H5449, H6030, H6509, H6779, G01420, G04300, G09410, G10800, G16270, G25920, G31400, G41600, G47220, G48280, G50410, G50880, G53420, G54090, G55760
* Strong’s:

22
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# beg, beggar, begging
## Definition:
Used in this sense, the term “beg” means to ask someone for money or for some material necessity such as food.
* A “beggar” is someone who regularly sits or stands in a public place to ask people for money.
* Beggars ask for money or food to be given them freely as a gift and do not offer to do work or some other service in exchange for the money or food. Your language may have a word for such a person or activity.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “publicly ask for money” or “regularly ask for money.”
(See also: [plead](../other/plead.md), [alms](../other/alms.md))
## Bible References:
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[44:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/01)__ One day, Peter and John were going to the Temple. As they approached the Temple gate, they saw a crippled man who was __begging__ for money.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

18
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# beg, beggar, needy
# beg, begging, begged
## Definition:
The term “beg” means to urgently ask someone for something. It often refers to asking for money, but it is also commonly used to refer to pleading for something.
The term “beg” means to urgently ask someone for something.
* Often people beg or plead when they strongly need something, but don’t know if the other person will give them what they ask for.
* A “beggar” is someone who regularly sits or stands in a public place to ask people for money.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “plead” or “urgently ask” or “demand money” or “regularly ask for money.”
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “plead” or “urgently ask.”
(See also: [plead](../other/plead.md))
## Bible References:
* [Luke 16:20](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/20)
* [Mark 6:56](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/06/56)
* [Matthew 14:36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/36)
* [Psalm 45:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/psa/045/012)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
@ -24,8 +20,8 @@ The term “beg” means to urgently ask someone for something. It often refers
* __[32:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/07)__ The demons __begged__ Jesus, “Please do not send us out of this region!” There was a herd of pigs feeding on a nearby hill. So, the demons __begged__ Jesus, “Please send us into the pigs instead!”
* __[32:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/10)__ The man who used to have the demons __begged__ to go along with Jesus.
* __[35:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/11)__ His father came out and __begged__ him to come and celebrate with them, but he refused.
* __[44:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/01)__ One day, Peter and John were going to the Temple. As they approached the Temple gate, they saw a crippled man who was __begging__ for money.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0034, H7592, G01540, G18710, G43190, G44340
* Strong’s:

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## Definition:
A bride is the woman in a wedding ceremony who is getting married to her husband, the bridegroom.
A bride is the woman in a marriage ceremony who will marry the bridegroom (the **man**).
* The term “bride” is used as a metaphor for believers in Jesus, the Church.
* Jesus is metaphorically called the “bridegroom” for the Church. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
## Translation Suggestions:
(See also: [bridegroom](../other/bridegroom.md), [church](../kt/church.md))
You could use the term that your language uses to refer to the woman who is getting married in a marriage ceremony or if you do not have a term for this in your language you could use a descriptive phrase to describe what a bride is. Depending on the context you could translate the term “bride” with descriptive phrases such as “a woman getting married” or “a woman who is being married” or “the woman getting married.”
(See also: [bridegroom](../other/bridegroom.md), [marriage](../other/marriage.md))
## Bible References:

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# bridegroom
# bridegroom, groom
## Definition:
In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom is the **man** who will marry the bride (the **woman**).
In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom, also called the groom, is the **man** who will marry the bride (the **woman**).
* In the Jewish culture during Bible times, the ceremony was centered around the bridegroom coming to get his bride.
* In the Bible, Jesus is figuratively called the “Bridegroom” who will someday come for his “Bride,” the Church.
* Jesus compared his disciples to the friends of the bridegroom who celebrate while the bridegroom is with them, but who will be sad when he is gone.
(See also: [bride](../other/bride.md))
## Translation Suggestions:
You could use the term that your language uses to refer to the man who is getting married in a marriage ceremony or if you do not have a term for this in your language you could use a descriptive phrase to describe what a bridegroom is. Depending on the context you could translate the terms “bridegroom” and “groom” with descriptive phrases such as “a man getting married” or “a man who is being married” or “the man getting married.”
(See also: [bride](../other/bride.md), [marriage](../other/marriage.md))
## Bible References:

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# commit, committed, commitment
# commit, committed
## Definition:
The terms “commit” and “commitment” refers to making a decision or promising to do something.
In the Bible the terms “commit” and “committed” most often refer to doing a certain wrong action such as “commit a sin” or “commit adultery” or “commit murder.”
* A person who promises to do something is also described as being “committed” to doing it.
* To “commit” to someone a certain task means to assign that task to that person. For example, in 2 Corinthians Paul says that God has “committed” (or “given”) to us the ministry of helping people be reconciled to God.
* The terms “commit” and “committed” also often refer to doing a certain wrong action such as “commit a sin” or “commit adultery” or “commit murder.”
* The expression “committed to him the task” could also be translated as “gave him the task” or “entrusted to him the task” or “assigned the task to him.”
* The term “commitment” could be translated by, “task that was given” or “promise that was made.”
(See also: [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
(See also: [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
## Bible References:

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# conceive, conception
# conceive, conceived, conception
## Definition:
The terms “conceive” and “conception” usually refer to becoming pregnant with a child. It can also be used for animals that become pregnant.
Used in this sense, the terms “conceive” and “conception” usually refer to a woman becoming pregnant with a child. It can also be used for animals that become pregnant.
* The phrase “conceive a child” could be translated as “become pregnant” or some other term that is an acceptable way of referring to this.
* The related term “conception” could be translated as “beginning of a pregnancy” or “moment of becoming pregnant.”
* These terms can also refer to creating something or thinking of something, such as an idea, a plan, or a task. Ways to translate this could include, “think of” or “plan” or “create,” depending on the context.
* Sometimes this term can be used figuratively as in, “when sin is conceived” which means “when sin is first thought of” or “at the very start of a sin” or “when a sin first begins.”
* Depending on context, the term “conceived” could be translated as “became pregnant” or “became pregnant with.”
(See also: [create](../other/creation.md), [womb](../other/womb.md))

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# courage, courageous, encourage, encouragement, discourage, discouragement
# courage, courageous
## Facts:
The term “courage” refers to boldly facing or doing something that is difficult, frightening, or dangerous.
* The term, “courageous” describes someone who shows courage, who does the right thing even when feeling afraid or pressured to give up.
* A person shows courage when he faces emotional or physical pain with strength and perseverance.
* A person shows courage when he faces emotional or physical pain with strength and perseverance or when he faces the threat of emotional or physical pain with emotional strength.
* The expression “take courage” means “don’t be afraid” or “be assured that things will turn out well.”
* When Joshua was preparing to go into the dangerous land of Canaan, Moses exhorted him to be “strong and courageous.”
* The term “courageous” could also be translated as “brave” or “unafraid” or “bold.”
* Depending on the context, to “have courage” could also be translated as “be emotionally strong” or “be confident” or “stand firm.”
* To “speak with courage” could be translated as “speak boldly” or “speak without being afraid” or “speak confidently.”
The terms “encourage” and “encouragement” refer to saying and doing things to cause someone to have comfort, hope, confidence, and courage.
* A similar term is “exhort,” which means to urge someone to reject an activity that is wrong and to instead do things that are good and right.
* The apostle Paul and other New Testament writers taught Christians to encourage one another to love and serve others.
The term “discourage” refers to saying and doing things that cause people to lose hope, confidence, and courage and so to have less desire to keep working hard to do what they know they should do.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “encourage” could include “urge” or “comfort” or “say kind things” or “help and support.”
* The phrase “give words of encouragement” means “say things that cause other people to feel loved, accepted, and empowered.”
(See also: [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [exhort](../kt/exhort.md), [fear](../kt/fear.md), [strength](../other/strength.md))
(See also: [encourage](../other/encourage.md), [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [fear](../kt/fear.md), [strength](../other/strength.md))
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 1:37-38](rc://en/tn/help/deu/01/37)
* [2 Kings 18:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/18/19)
* [1 Chronicles 17:25](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/17/25)
* [Matthew 9:20-22](rc://en/tn/help/mat/09/20)
* [1 Corinthians 14:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/1co/14/01)
* [2 Corinthians 7:13](rc://en/tn/help/2co/07/13)
* [Acts 5:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/12)
* [Acts 16:40](rc://en/tn/help/act/16/40)
* [Hebrews 3:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/heb/03/12)
* [Hebrews 13:5-6](rc://en/tn/help/heb/13/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0533, H0553, H1368, H2388, H2388, H2428, H3820, H3824, H7307, G21140, G21150, G21740, G22920, G22930, G22940, G38700, G38740, G39540, G43890, G48370, G51110
* Strong’s:

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# court
## Definition:
The term “court” refers to a place where judges decide legal and criminal matters.
* Often, when the Bible uses the term "court" (in this legal sense), it refers to human courts but it can also be used to refer to a heavenly court such as in Daniel 7:10 and Daniel 7:26.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “court” could be translated as “tribunal” or when referring to a human court it could be translated as “legal court.”
(See also: [judge](../other/judgeposition.md)
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# court, courtyard
## Definition:
The terms “court” and “courtyard” refer to an enclosed area that is open to the sky and surrounded by walls.
* The tabernacle was surrounded by one courtyard which was enclosed by walls made of thick, cloth curtains.
* The temple complex had three inner courtyards: one for the priests, one for Jewish men, and one for Jewish women.
* These inner courtyards were surrounded by a low stone wall that separated them from an outer courtyard where Gentiles were permitted to worship.
* The courtyard of a house was an open area in the middle of the house.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The terms "court" and “courtyard” could be translated as “enclosed space” or “walled-in land” or "walled-in space" or "tabernacle grounds" or “temple grounds” or “temple enclosure” depending on the context.
* If it would be natural in your language the term used for a king’s court could also be used to refer to Yahweh’s court.
(See also: [Gentile](../kt/gentile.md),[tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 20:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/20/04)
* [Exodus 27:9](rc://en/tn/help/exo/27/09)
* [Jeremiah 19:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/jer/19/14)
* [Luke 22:55](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/55)
* [Matthew 26:69-70](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/69)
* [Numbers 3:26](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/26)
* [Psalms 65:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/065/4)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1004, H1508, H2691, H5835, H7339, H8651, G08330, G42590

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# court, courtyard
## Definition:
The terms “courtyard” and “court” refer to an enclosed area that is open to the sky and surrounded by walls. The term “court” also refers to a place where judges decide legal and criminal matters.
* The tabernacle was surrounded by one courtyard which was enclosed by walls made of thick, cloth curtains.
* The temple complex had three inner courtyards: one for the priests, one for Jewish men, and one for Jewish women.
* These inner courtyards were surrounded by a low stone wall that separated them from an outer courtyard where Gentiles were permitted to worship.
* The courtyard of a house was an open area in the middle of the house.
* The phrase “king’s court” can refer to his palace or to a place in his palace where he makes judgments.
* The expression, “courts of Yahweh” is a figurative way of referring to Yahweh’s dwelling place or to the place where people go to worship Yahweh.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “courtyard” could be translated as “enclosed space” or “walled-in land” or “temple grounds” or “temple enclosure.”
* Sometimes the term “temple” may need to be translated as “temple courtyards” or “temple complex” so that it is clear that the courtyards are being referred to, not the temple building.
* The expression, “courts of Yahweh” could be translated as “place where Yahweh lives” or “place where Yahweh is worshiped.”
* The term used for a king’s court could also be used to refer to Yahweh’s court.
(See also: [Gentile](../kt/gentile.md), [judge](../other/judgeposition.md), [king](../other/king.md), [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 20:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/20/04)
* [Exodus 27:9](rc://en/tn/help/exo/27/09)
* [Jeremiah 19:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/jer/19/14)
* [Luke 22:55](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/55)
* [Matthew 26:69-70](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/69)
* [Numbers 3:26](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/26)
* [Psalms 65:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/065/4)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1004, H1508, H2691, H5835, H7339, H8651, G08330, G42590

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# cry, cry out, outcry
# cry, cry out, call out, outcry
## Definition:
The terms “cry” or “cry out” usually mean to say something loudly or urgently. Someone can “cry out” in pain, distress, anger, or fear, often with the intent of asking for help.
* The phrase “cry out” can also mean to shout or to call out with the intent of asking for help.
* It can also mean to pray.
* The phrase “cry out” can mean to shout or to call out with the intent of asking for help.
* The terms “cry” or “cry out” can also mean to pray.
* This term could also be translated as “exclaim loudly” or “urgently ask for help,” depending on the context.
* An expression such as, “I cry out to you” could be translated as “I call to you for help” or “I urgently ask you for help.”
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md), [plead](../other/plead.md), [pray](../kt/pray.md))
(See also: [call speak loudly](../kt/call-speakloudly.md), [plead](../other/plead.md), [pray](../kt/pray.md))
## Bible References:

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# deer, doe, fawns, roebuck
# deer, doe, does, fawns, roebuck
## Definition:

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# deliver, hand over, turn over, release
## Definition:
* The term "deliver" or “deliver over to” or “deliver up to” can mean to turn someone over to an enemy or adversary, such as when Judas delivered Jesus over to the Jewish leaders or when God delivered Israel over to their enemies because of their repeated sin.
## Translation Suggestions:
* When "deliver" means for a person or person to deliver someone over to an enemy it can be translated as “betray” or “hand over” or “give over.” When "deliver" refers to God giving people over to an adversary it can be translated as "hand over" or "give over."
## Bible References:
## Examples from Bible stories:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1350, H2020, H2502, H3205, H3444, H3467, H4042, H4422, H4672, H5337, H5414, H5462, H6299, H6403, H6413, H6475, H6561, H7725, H7804, H8199, G03250, G05250, G06290, G10800, G13250, G15600, G16590, G18070, G19290, G26730, G30860, G38600, G45060, G49910, G50880, G54830

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# deliver, hand over, turn over, release, rescue
# deliver, deliverer, deliverance, delivered
## Definition:
@ -7,14 +7,11 @@ To “deliver” someone means to rescue that person. The term “deliverer” r
* In the Old Testament, God appointed deliverers to protect the Israelites by leading them in battle against other people groups who came to attack them.
* These deliverers were also called “judges” and the Old Testament book of Judges records the time in history when these judges were governing Israel.
* God is also called a “deliverer.” Throughout the history of Israel, he delivered or rescued his people from their enemies.
* The term “deliver over to” or “deliver up to” has a very different meaning of handing or turning someone over to an enemy, such as when Judas delivered Jesus over to the Jewish leaders.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In the context of helping people escape from their enemies, the term “deliver” can be translated as “rescue” or “liberate” or “save.”
* When it means to deliver someone over to the enemy, “deliver over” can be translated as “betray to” or “hand over” or “give over.”
* The word “deliverer” can also be translated as “rescuer” or “liberator.”
* When the term “deliverer” refers to the judges who led Israel, it could also be translated as “governor” or “judge” or “leader.”
* When the term “deliverer” refers to the judges who led Israel, it could also be translated as “judge” or “leader.”
(See also: [judge](../kt/judge.md), [save](../kt/save.md))

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# desolate, desolation, alone, deserted
# desolate, desolated, desolation, desolations, deserted, desolator
## Definition:
The terms “desolate” and “desolation” refer to destroying an inhabited region so that it becomes uninhabited.
The terms “desolate” and “desolation,” when used to refer to a place or location, refer to the state or condition of being ruined and left fully or partially uninhabited. The term “desolate,” when referring to a person or group of people, describes a state or condition of ruin, loneliness, and grief.
* When referring to a person, the term “desolate” describes a condition of ruin, loneliness, and grief.
* The term “desolation” is the state or condition of being desolated.
* If a field where crops are growing is made desolate, it means that something has destroyed the crops, such as insects or an invading army.
* A “desolate region” refers to an area of land where few people live because few crops or other vegetation grow there.
* A “desolate land” or “wilderness” was often where outcasts (such as lepers) and dangerous animals lived.
* A “desolate region” refers to an area of land that is partially deserted or abandoned and therefore has few people living there.
* If a city is “made desolate” it means that its buildings and goods have been destroyed or stolen, and its people have been killed or captured. The city becomes “empty” and “ruined.” This is similar to the meaning of “devastate” or “devastated,” but with more emphasis on the emptiness.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “ruined” or “destroyed” or “laid waste” or “lonely and outcast” or “deserted.”
* A “desolate land” or “wilderness” was often where outcasts (such as lepers) and dangerous animals lived.
* Depending on the context, this term, when referring to a city or region, could be translated as “ruined” or “destroyed” or “laid waste” or “abandoned” or “deserted.”
* Depending on the context, this term, when referring to a person or people group, could be translated as “lonely and outcast” or “deserted.”
* A “desolator” is one who causes desolation.
(See also: [desert](../other/desert.md), [devastate](../other/devastated.md), [ruin](../other/ruin.md), [waste](../other/waste.md))

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* This term is often used in the Old Testament as a general reference to anyone who destroys other people, such as an invading army.
* When God sent the angel to kill all the firstborn males in Egypt, that angel was referred to as “the destroyer of the firstborn.” This could be translated as “the one (or angel) who killed the firstborn males.”
* In the book of Revelation about the end times, Satan or some other evil spirit is called “the Destroyer.” He is the “one who destroys” because his purpose is to destroy and ruin everything God created.
* Depending on context the word “destroy” can be translated as “”
(See also: [angel](../kt/angel.md), [Egypt](../names/egypt.md), [firstborn](../other/firstborn.md), [Passover](../kt/passover.md))

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ The term “devastated” or “devastation” refers to having one’s property
## Translation Suggestions
* The term “devastate” could be translated as “completely destroy” or “completely ruin.”
* Depending on the context, “devastation” could be translated as “complete destruction” or “total ruin” or “overwhelming grief” or “disaster.”
* Depending on the context, “devastation” could be translated as “complete destruction” or “total ruin” or “disaster.”
(See also: [ruin](../other/ruin.md))

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# discourage, discouraged, discouragement
## Facts:
The term “discourage” refers to saying and doing things that cause people to lose hope, confidence, and courage so that they have less desire to keep working hard to do what they know they should do.
The term “discouraged” refers to causing (or being caused) to not have hope or confidence or courage regarding something.
* The term “discouragement” has the opposite meaning of “encouragement.”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “discourage” could include “demoralize” or “cause to become disheartened” or “cause to lose confidence” or “cause to lose hope” or “deprive of courage.”
* Depending on the context, you could translate “discouraged” as “disheartened” or use some other equivalent word or phrase.
(See also: [encourage](../other/encourage.md), [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [fear](../kt/fear.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# dishonor
## Definition:
Used in this sense, the term “dishonor” describes something that is used for common or ordinary use instead of for a special or honorable use.
* Used in this sense, the term “dishonor” refers to objects that are not useful for anything important.
* Depending on the context, “dishonor” could also be translated as “common use” or “” or “ordinary ordinary use” or “mundane use.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# dishonor, dishonorable
# dishonor, dishonored, dishonorable
## Definition:
The term “dishonor” means to do something that is disrespectful to someone. This can also cause that person shame or disgrace.
* The term “dishonorable” describes an action that is shameful or that causes someone to be dishonored.
* Sometimes “dishonorable” is used to refer to objects that are not useful for anything important.
* Children are commanded to honor and obey their parents. When children disobey, they dishonor their parents. They are treating their parents in a way that does not honor them.
* The Israelites dishonored Yahweh when they worshiped false gods and practiced immoral behavior.
* The Jews dishonored Jesus by saying that he was possessed by a demon.
* This could be translated as to “not honor” or to “treat with no respect.”
* The noun “dishonor” could be translated as “disrespect” or “loss of honor.”
* Depending on the context, “dishonorable” could also be translated as “not honorable” or “shameful” or “not worthwhile” or “not valuable.”
* Depending on the context, “dishonorable” could also be translated as “not honorable” or “shameful.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md))

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# dove, pigeon
# dove, pigeon, turtledove
## Definition:
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Doves and pigeons are two kinds of small, gray-brown birds that look similar. A
* Doves sometimes symbolize purity, innocence, or peace.
* If doves or pigeons are not known in the language area where the translation is being done, this term could be translated as “a small grayish brown bird called a dove” or “a small gray or brown bird, similar to a (name of local bird)”.
* If both a dove and a pigeon are referred to in the same verse, it is best to use two different words for these birds, if possible.
* A turtledove is a type of dove mentioned in Genesis 15:9, Song of Songs 2:12, and Leviticus 12:6.
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))

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@ -7,13 +7,12 @@ The term “earth” refers to the world on which human beings and other living
* In the Bible, the term “earth” is often paired with the term “heaven” as a way of indicating the abode of humankind on the earth in contrast with the abode of God in heaven.
* This term is usually translated “land” when paired with the name of people group to denote the territory belonging to those people, such as “the land of Canaan.”
* The term “earthly” is sometimes used to refer to things that are physical and/or visible in contrast to things that are non-physical and/or invisible.
* This term can be used figuratively to refer to the people who live on the earth or what the earth contains, such as in “let the earth be glad” and “he will judge the earth.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term can be translated by the word or phrase that the local language or nearby national languages use to refer to the planet earth on which we live.
* Depending on the context, “earth” could also be translated as “world” or “land” or “dirt” or “soil.”
* When used figuratively, “earth” could be translated as “people on the earth” or “people living on earth” or “everything on earth.”
* Ways to translate “earthly” could include “physical” or “things of this earth” or “visible.”
(See also: [world](../kt/world.md), [heaven](../kt/heaven.md))

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# encourage, encouraged, encouraging, encouragement
## Facts:
The terms “encourage” and “encouragement” refer to saying and doing things to cause someone to have comfort, hope, confidence, and courage.
* A similar term is “exhort,” which means to urge someone to reject an activity that is wrong and to instead do things that are good and right.
* The apostle Paul and other New Testament writers taught Christians to encourage one another to love and serve others.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “encourage” could include “urge” or “comfort” or “say kind things” or “help and support.”
* The phrase “give words of encouragement” means “say things that cause other people to feel loved, accepted, and empowered.”
(See also: [discourage](../other/discourage.md), [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [exhort](../kt/exhort.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# enslave, slave, bondservant, bound
# enslave, slave, bondservant, bondage, bound, bonds, young man, young women
## Definition:
To “enslave” someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be “enslaved” or “in bondage” means to be under the control of something or someone.
To “enslave” someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be “enslaved” or “in bondage” means to be under the control of something or someone. A “slave” refers to a person who works for (or obeys) another person, either by choice or by force. A slave was under the direction of their master. In the Bible, “servant” and “slave” are mostly interchangable terms.
* A person who is enslaved or in bondage must serve others without payment; he is not free to do what he wants. Another word for “bondage” is “slavery.”
* The New Testament speaks of human beings as “enslaved” to sin until Jesus frees them from its control and power. When a person receives new life in Christ, he stops being a slave to sin and becomes a slave to righteousness.
* In the Bible the words “young man” or “young woman” often mean “servant” or “slave.” This meaning will be discerned from context. One indicator of this situation is if the possessive is used, eg. “her young women” which could be translated as “her servants” or “her slaves.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “enslave” could be translated as “cause to not be free” or “force to serve others” or “put under the control of others.”
* The phrase “enslaved to” or “in bondage to” could be translated as “forced to be a slave of” or “forced to serve” or “under the control of.”
* The term “enslave” could be translated as “cause to not be free” or “force to serve” or “put under the control of.”
* The phrase “enslaved to” or “in bondage to” could be translated as “forced to be a slave of” or “forced to serve” or “put under the control of.”
* A slave was a kind of servant who was the property of the person he worked for. The person who bought a slave was called his “owner” or “master.” Some masters treated their slaves cruelly. Other masters treated their slaves well, like a valued member of the household. The term “slavery” means the state of being a slave.
* A person could be a slave temporarily, for instance while working to repay a debt to his owner.
(See also: [free](../other/free.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [servant](../other/servant.md))
@ -19,7 +22,13 @@ To “enslave” someone means to force that person to serve a master or a rulin
* [Galatians 4:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/03)
* [Galatians 4:24-25](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/24)
* [Genesis 15:13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/15/13)
* [Jeremiah 30:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/jer/30/08)
* [Jeremiah 30:8](rc://en/tn/help/jer/30/08)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[8:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/04)__ The __slave__ traders sold Joseph as a __slave__ to a wealthy government official.
* __[9:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/09/13)__ “I (God) will send you (Moses) to Pharaoh so that you can bring the Israelites out of their __slavery__ in Egypt.”
* __[29:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/03)__ “Since the __servant__ could not pay the debt, the king said, ‘Sell this man and his family as __slaves__ to make payment on his debt.’”
## Word Data:

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# envy, covet
# envy, covet, jealous, jealousy
## Definition:
The term “envy” refers to being jealous of someone because of what that person possesses or because of that person’s admirable qualities. The term “covet” means to strongly desire to have something.
The terms “envy” and “envious” refer to being jealous of someone because of what that person possesses or because of that person’s admirable qualities or abilities. The term “covet” means to strongly desire to have something.
* Envy is normally a negative feeling of resentment because of another person’s success, good fortune, or possessions.
* Envy is normally a negative feeling of resentment because of another person’s success, good fortune, possessions, or abilities.
* Coveting is a strong desire to have someone else’s property, or even someone else’s spouse.
* In some contexts the terms “jealous” and “jealousy” can mean “envy.”
## Translation Suggestions
* When the terms “jealous” and “jealousy” refer to being wrongfully “envious” of someone the terms “envious” or “envy” could be used if the context permits.
(See also: [jealous](../kt/jealous.md))

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# found, founder, foundation
# foundation, founder, founded
## Definition:
The verb “found” means build, create, or lay a base for. The phrase “founded on” means supported by or based on. A “foundation” is the base of support on which something is built or created.
Used in this sense, the verb “found” means build, create, or lay a base for. The phrase “founded on” means supported by or based on. A “foundation” is the base of support on which something is built or created.
* The foundation of a house or building must be strong and dependable in order to support the entire structure.
* The term “foundation” can also refer to the beginning of something or to the time when something was first created.
* In a figurative sense, believers in Christ are compared to a building that is founded on the teachings of the apostles and prophets, with Christ himself being the cornerstone of the building.
* A “foundation stone” was a stone that was laid as part of the foundation. These stones were tested to make sure they were strong enough to support an entire building.
## Translation Suggestions:

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## Definition:
The term “fruit” literally refers to the part of a plant that can be eaten. Something that is “fruitful” has a lot of fruit. These terms are also used figuratively in the Bible.
The term “fruit” refers to the part of a plant that can be eaten. Something that is “fruitful” produces a lot of fruit. Something that is “unfruitful” does not produce fruit.
* The Bible often uses “fruit” to refer to a person’s actions. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like.
* A person can produce good or bad spiritual fruit, but the term “fruitful” always has the positive meaning of producing much good fruit.
* The term “fruitful” is also used figuratively to mean “prosperous.” This often refers to having many children and descendants, as well as having plenty of food and other wealth.
* In general, the expression “fruit of” refers to anything that comes from or that is produced by something else. For example, the “fruit of wisdom” refers to the good things that come from being wise.
* In general, the expression “fruit of” refers to anything that comes from or that is produced by something else. For example, the phrase “the fruit of every tree” refers to the fruit that comes from these trees.
* The expression “fruit of the land” refers generally to everything that the land produces for people to eat. This includes not only fruits such as grapes or dates, but also vegetables, nuts, and grains.
* The figurative expression “fruit of the Spirit” refers to godly qualities that the Holy Spirit produces in the lives of people who obey him.
* The expression “fruit of the womb” refers to “what the womb produces”—that is children.
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term using the general word for “fruit” that is commonly used in the project language to refer to the edible fruit of a fruit tree. In many languages it may be more natural to use the plural “fruits” whenever it refers to more than one fruit.
* Depending on the context, the term “fruitful” could be translated as “producing much spiritual fruit” or “having many children” or “prosperous.”
* It is best to translate the term “fruit” using the general word for “fruit” that is commonly used in the project language to refer to the edible fruit of a fruit tree. In many languages it may be more natural to use the plural “fruits” whenever it refers to more than one fruit.
* When used literally, the term “fruitful” could be translated as “producing much fruit.”
* The expression “fruit of the land” could also be translated as “food that the land produces” or “food crops that are growing in that region.”
* When God created animals and people, he commanded them to “be fruitful and multiply,” which refers to having many offspring. This could also be translated as “have many offspring” or “have many children and descendants” or “have many children so that you will have many descendants.”
* The expression “fruit of the womb” could be translated as “what the womb produces” or “children a women gives birth to” or just “children.” When Elizabeth says to Mary “blessed is the fruit of your womb,” she means “blessed is the child you will give birth to.” The project language may also have a different expression for this.
* Another expression “fruit of the vine,” could be translated as “vine fruit” or “grapes.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “will be more fruitful” could also be translated as “will produce more fruit” or “will have more children” or “will be prosperous.”
* The apostle Paul’s expression “fruitful labor” could be translated as “work that brings very good results” or “efforts that result in many people believing in Jesus.”
* The “fruit of the Spirit” could also be translated as “works that the Holy Spirit produces” or “words and actions that show that the Holy Spirit is working in someone.”
* When used literally, the expression “will be more fruitful” could also be translated as “will produce more fruit.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [grain](../other/grain.md), [grape](../other/grape.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [vine](../other/vine.md), [womb](../other/womb.md))
## Bible References:
* [Galatians 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/23)
* [Genesis 1:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/01/11)
* [Luke 8:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/15)
* [Matthew 3:8](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/08)
* [Matthew 7:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/17)
## Word Data:

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# generation
## Definition:
The term “generation” in this sense refers to a group of descendants who are born to a set of parents. For example, if a certain couple is counted as the first generation, then their children are the second generation, their grandchildren are the third generation, etc. in their family line.
## Translation Suggestions
* “Generations” could be translated as “descendants” or “descendant groups” or “children and their children.”
* The phrase “throughout your generations” could be translated as “for every one of your descendants” or “to your children and to every one after them”
* “A generation to come will serve him; they will tell the next generation about Yahweh” could be translated as “Many people in the future will serve Yahweh and will tell their children and grandchildren about him.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [ancestor](../other/ancestor.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# generation
## Definition:
The term “generation” in this sense refers to people who are alive at the same time. These people generally share the same culture, experiences, and way of life.
## Translation Suggestions
* The phrase “the generation of his fathers” could be translated as “his ancestors” or “those who have lived before him.”
* The phrase “this generation” or “people of this generation” could be translated as “the people living now” or “you people.”
* The phrase “future generations” could be translated as “those living after us” or “people living at a later time.”
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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## Definition:
The term “generation” generally refers to a group of people who are all alive at the same time. They are all born in the same general time period and are therefore about the same age.
* A generation can also refer to a span of time. In Bible times, a generation was usually considered to be about 40 years.
* Parents and their children are from two different generations.
* In the Bible, the term “generation” is also used figuratively to refer generally to people who share common characteristics.
The term “generation” in this sense refers to a period of time approximately equal to the lifetime of a person. This could be as long as 100 years. This period of time also came to be measured by the time between the adulthood of one person and the adulthood of his or her offspring, or a 30–40-year time span.
## Translation Suggestions
* The phrase “this generation” or “people of this generation” could be translated as “the people living now” or “you people.”
* “This wicked generation” could also be translated as “these wicked people living now.”
* The expression “from generation to generation” or “from one generation to the next” could be translated as “people living now, as well as their children and grandchildren” or “people in every time period” or “people in this time period and future time periods” or “all people and their descendants.”
* “A generation to come will serve him; they will tell the next generation about Yahweh” could also be translated as “Many people in the future will serve Yahweh and will tell their children and grandchildren about him.”
* When referring to the past, “generations” could be translated as “during the times of our ancestors” or “when people lived before us.”
* When referring to the future, “generations” could be translated as “lifespans” or “times of people who will come afterwards” or “when our descendants are living.”
* The phrase “in his own generation” could be translated as “while he lived” or “during his time”
* The expression “from generation to generation” or “from one generation to the next” could be translated as “from the time of people living now and for always” or “as long as people live on the earth” or “from now to all future time periods” or “for all time.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [ancestor](../other/father.md))
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [ancestor](../other/ancestor.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 15:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/19)
* [Exodus 3:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/13)
* [Genesis 15:16](rc://en/tn/help/gen/15/16)
* [Genesis 17:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/07)
* [Mark 8:12](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/08/12)
* [Matthew 11:16](rc://en/tn/help/mat/11/16)
* [Matthew 23:34-36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/34)
* [Matthew 24:34](rc://en/tn/help/mat/24/34)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1755, H1859, H8435, G10740
* Strong’s:

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## Definition:
The word “giant” usually refers to a person who is extremely tall and strong.
The word “giant” usually refers to a person who is extremely tall and strong. In the Bible the terms “giant”
* Goliath, a Philistine soldier who fought David, was called a giant because he was a very tall, large, and strong man.
* The Israelite spies who explored the land of Canaan said that the people living there were like giants.

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# hard, harden, harder, hardness
## Definition:
The term “hard” generally refers to something that is persistent, or unyielding.
* The use of “hard” (in various forms) with “heart” refers to people being stubbornly unrepentant or disobedient (usually) to God.
## Translation Suggestions
* The term “hard” could also be translated as “rebellious” or “stubborn” or “obstinate” or “unyielding” depending on the context.
* The terms “hardness” or “hardness of heart” or “hard heart” could be translated as “stubbornness” or “persistent rebellion” or “rebellious attitude” or “stubborn disobedience” or “stubbornly not repenting.”
* The phrase “hard of neck” could also be translated as “obstinate” or “rebellious”
* The term “hardened” could also be translated as “stubbornly unrepentant” or “refusing to obey.”
* “Do not harden your heart” could be translated as “do not refuse to repent” or “do not stubbornly keep disobeying.”
* Other ways to translate “hard-headed” or “hard-hearted” could include “stubbornly disobedient” or “continuing to disobey” or “refusing to repent” or “always rebelling.”
(See also: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [stiff-necked](../other/stiffnecked.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# hard, harden, hardness
# hard, harder
## Definition:
The term “hard” generally refers to something that is difficult, persistent, or unyielding.
The term “hard” generally refers to something that is difficult, challenging, or requires great diligence and persistence to be done.
* The use of “hard” (in various forms) with “heart” refers to people being stubbornly unrepentant or disobedient (usually) to God.
* When used as a modifier, its meaning is similar to “great effort.”
## Translation Suggestions
* The term “hard” could also be translated as “difficult” or “stubborn” or “challenging,” depending on the context.
* The terms “hardness” or “hardness of heart” or “hard heart” could be translated as “stubbornness” or “persistent rebellion” or “rebellious attitude” or “stubborn disobedience” or “stubbornly not repenting.”
* The term “hardened” could also be translated as “stubbornly unrepentant” or “refusing to obey.”
* “Do not harden your heart” could be translated as “do not refuse to repent” or “do not stubbornly keep disobeying.”
* Other ways to translate “hard-headed” or “hard-hearted” could include “stubbornly disobedient” or “continuing to disobey” or “refusing to repent” or “always rebelling.”
* The term “hard” could also be translated as “difficult” or “persistent” or “diligently” or “challenging,” depending on the context.
* In expressions such as “work hard” or “try hard,” the term “hard” could be translated as “with perseverance” or “diligently.”
* The expression “press hard against” could also be translated as “shove with force” or “push strongly against.”
* To “oppress people with hard labor” could be translated as “force people to work so hard that they suffer” or “cause people to suffer by forcing them to do very difficult work.”
* Depending on context the term “harder” could also be translated as “more difficult” or “more diligently”
* In some contexts “hard” could be translated as “heavy” or “heavily.”
* A different kind of “hard labor” is experienced by a woman who is about to deliver a baby.
(See also: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [heart](../kt/heart.md), [labor pains](../other/laborpains.md), [stiff-necked](../other/stiffnecked.md))
(See also: [labor pains](../other/laborpains.md)
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 11:23](rc://en/tn/help/2co/11/23)
* [Deuteronomy 15:7](rc://en/tn/help/deu/15/07)
* [Exodus 14:4](rc://en/tn/help/exo/14/04)
* [Hebrews 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/heb/04/07)
* [John 12:40](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/12/40)
* [Matthew 19:8](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0553, H1692, H2388, H2389, H2420, H2864, H3021, H3332, H3513, H3515, H3966, H4165, H4522, H5450, H5647, H5797, H5810, H5980, H5999, H6089, H6381, H6635, H7185, H7186, H7188, H7280, H8068, H8307, H8631, G09170, G14190, G14210, G14220, G14230, G22050, G25320, G25530, G28720, G28730, G34250, G34330, G40530, G41830, G44560, G44570, G46410, G46420, G46430, G46450, G49120

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# horn, horned
# horn, horns, horned
## Facts:
Horns are permanent, hard, pointed growths on the heads of many types of animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, and deer.
* The horn of a ram (male sheep) was made into a musical instrument called a “ram’s horn” or “shofar,” which was blown for special events such as religious festivals.
* This term should be translated with a word that is different from the word that refers to a trumpet.
* God told the Israelites to make a horn-shaped projection on each of the four corners of the incense and brazen altars. Although these projections were called “horns,” they were not actually animal horns.
* The term “horn” was sometimes used to refer to a “flask” that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king, as Samuel did with David.
* This term should be translated with a word that is different from the word that refers to a trumpet.
* The term “horn” is also used figuratively as a symbol of strength, power, authority, and royalty.
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [cow](../other/cow.md), [deer](../other/deer.md), [goat](../other/goat.md), [power](../kt/power.md) [royal](../other/royal.md), [sheep](../other/sheep.md), [trumpet](../other/trumpet.md))

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# house, household, house of Israel, house of David
## Definition:
The term “house,” in this sense, refers to “descendants.”
* The term “house,” in this sense, means “family” or “descendants,” and refers to all the people related to or descended from a particular person. For example, the phrase “house of David” refers to all the descendants of King David.
* The phrase “house of Israel” can refer generally to the entire nation of Israel or more specifically to the tribes of the northern kingdom of Israel.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, “house” could be translated as “household” or “people” or “family” or “descendants.”
* The phrase “house of David” could be translated as “clan of David” or “family of David” or “descendants of David.” Related expressions could be translated in a similar way.
* Different ways to translate “house of Israel” could include “people of Israel” or “Israel’s descendants” or “Israelites.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [house of David](../names/houseofdavid.md), [kingdom of Israel](../names/kingdomofisrael.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# house, household
# house
## Definition:
The term “house” refers to a small building, shelter, or tent, usually the place where a family sleeps. The term is often used figuratively in the Bible to mean various concepts such as “household” or “descendants,” etc.
The term “house” refers to a small building, shelter, or tent, usually the place where a family sleeps.
* Sometimes the term “house” means “household,” referring to all the people who live together in one house or multi-structure home compound (whether buildings or tents), including family members and all their servants.
* Sometimes the term “house” means “family” or “descendants,” referring to all the people related to or descended from a particular person. For example, the phrase “house of David” refers to all the descendants of King David.
* The terms “house of God” and “house of Yahweh” refer to the tabernacle or temple. These expressions can also refer generally to a central place where Yahweh was worshipped.
* The phrase “house of Israel” can refer generally to the entire nation of Israel or more specifically to the tribes of the northern kingdom of Israel.
* When referring to a building where people live and sleep the term “house” could be translated as “dwelling place” or “dwelling structure” or with another term that expresses the meaning.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, “house” could be translated as “household” or “people” or “family” or “descendants” or “temple” or “dwelling place.”
* The phrase “house of David” could be translated as “clan of David” or “family of David” or “descendants of David.” Related expressions could be translated in a similar way.
* Different ways to translate “house of Israel” could include “people of Israel” or “Israel’s descendants” or “Israelites.”
* The phrase “house of Yahweh” could be translated as “Yahweh’s temple” or “place where Yahweh is worshiped” or “place where Yahweh meets with his people” or “where Yahweh dwells.” The phrase “house of God” could be translated in a similar way.
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [house of God](../kt/houseofgod.md), [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md), [house of David](../names/houseofdavid.md), [kingdom of Israel](../names/kingdomofisrael.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/42)
* [Acts 7:49](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/49)
* [Genesis 39:4](rc://en/tn/help/gen/39/04)
* [Genesis 41:40](rc://en/tn/help/gen/41/40)
* [Luke 8:39](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/39)
* [Matthew 10:6](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/06)
* [Matthew 15:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/15/24)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1004, H1005, G36090, G36130, G36140, G36240
* Strong’s:

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# household
# household, house
## Definition:
The term “household” refers to all the people who live together in a house, including family members and all their servants.
* Managing a household would involves directing the servants and also taking care of the property.
* Sometimes “household” can refer figuratively to the whole family line of someone, especially his descendants.
* Used in this sense, the term “house” means “household” and refers to all the people who live together in one house or in a multi-structure home compound (whether buildings or tents), including family members and all their servants.
* Managing a household would have involved directing the servants and also taking care of the property.
(See also: [house](../other/house.md))
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, “house” could be translated as “household” or “family.”
* Depending on the context, the phrase “your household” could be translated as “those who live in your house” or “your family.”
(See also: [house dwelling structure](../other/house-dwellingstructure.md), [house descendants nation](../other/house-descendants_nation.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:10](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/10)
* [Galatians 6:10](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/10)
* [Genesis 7:1](rc://en/tn/help/gen/07/01)
* [Genesis 34:19](rc://en/tn/help/gen/34/19)
* [John 4:53](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/53)
* [Matthew 10:25](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/25)
* [Matthew 10:36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/36)
* [Philippians 4:22](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/22)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1004, H5657, G23220, G36090, G36140, G36150, G36160, G36230, G36240
* Strong’s:

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# iron
## Definition:
Iron is a hard, slightly shiny metal that is used to make many things.
* In Bible times, iron was used to make coins, chains, furniture, tools, weapons, chariots, gates, nails and other things.
* Iron is a very strong metal.
* If your culture does not have iron you could translate this term with a general expression which describes it such as "hard metal" or "strong metal."
* If your culture does not have iron you could translate the phrase "an iron tool" as "a tool made of hard metal" or "a strong metal tool."
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [armor](../other/armor.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# know, knowledge, unknown, distinguish
## Definition:
The term “know” and “knowledge” means generally to understand something or someone. It can also mean to be aware of a fact or to be familiar with a person. The expression “to make known” means to tell information.
* The term “knowledge” refers to information that people know. It can apply to knowing physical concepts or abstract concepts.
* To “know about” God means to understand facts about him because of what he has revealed to us.
* To know God’s will means to be aware of what he has commanded, or to understand what he wants a person to do.
* To “know the Law” means to be aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses.
* Sometimes “knowledge” is used as a synonym for “wisdom,” which includes living in a way that is pleasing to God.
* The “knowledge of God” is sometimes used as a synonym for the “fear of Yahweh.”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “know” could include “understand” or “be familiar with” or “be aware of” or “be acquainted with” or “be in relationship with.”
* In the context of understanding the difference between two things, the term is usually translated as “distinguish.” When used in this way, the term is often followed by the preposition “between.”
* Some languages have two different words for “know,” one for knowing facts and one for knowing a person and having a relationship with him.
* The term “make known” could be translated as “cause people to know” or “reveal” or “tell about” or “explain.”
* To “know about” something could be translated as “be aware of” or “be familiar with.”
* The expression “know how to” means to understand the process or method of getting something done. It could also be translated as “be able to” or “have the skill to.”
* The term “knowledge” could also be translated as “what is known” or “wisdom” or “understanding,” depending on the context.
(See also: [law](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [reveal](../kt/reveal.md), [understand](../other/understand.md), [wise](../kt/wise.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 2:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/12)
* [1 Samuel 17:46](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/17/46)
* [2 Corinthians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/2co/02/15)
* [2 Peter 1:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/03)
* [Deuteronomy 4:39-40](rc://en/tn/help/deu/04/39)
* [Genesis 19:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/19/05)
* [Luke 1:77](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/77)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1843, H1844, H1847, H1875, H3045, H3046, H4093, H4486, H5046, H5234, H5475, H5869, G00500, G00560, G10970, G11070, G11080, G14920, G19210, G19220, G19870, G24670, G25890, G42670, G48940

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# know, knowledge, unknown, distinguish
# know, knew, knowledge, unknown
## Definition:
The term “know” and “knowledge” means generally to understand something or someone. It can also mean to be aware of a fact or to be familiar with a person. The expression “to make known” means to tell information.
Used in this sense the term “know” and “knowledge” and “knew” mean to be in relationship with a person.
* To “know about” God means to understand facts about him because of what he has revealed to us.
* To “know” God means to have a relationship with him. This also applies to knowing people.
* To know God’s will means to be aware of what he has commanded, or to understand what he wants a person to do.
* To “know the Law” means to be aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses.
* Sometimes “knowledge” is used as a synonym for “wisdom,” which includes living in a way that is pleasing to God.
* Jesus said in Matthew 7:23 that on judgement day he will say to some people “I never knew you”. By saying “I never knew you” he means that he was never in personal relationship with them.
* The “knowledge of God” is sometimes used as a synonym for the “fear of Yahweh.”
* When used of a man and a woman to “know” is often an euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “know” could include “understand” or “be familiar with” or “be aware of” or “be acquainted with” or “be in relationship with.”
* In the context of understanding the difference between two things, the term is usually translated as “distinguish.” When used in this way, the term is often followed by the preposition “between.”
* Some languages have two different words for “know,” one for knowing facts and one for knowing a person and having a relationship with him.
* The term “make known” could be translated as “cause people to know” or “reveal” or “tell about” or “explain.”
* To “know about” something could be translated as “be aware of” or “be familiar with.”
* The expression “know how to” means to understand the process or method of getting something done. It could also be translated as “be able to” or “have the skill to.”
* The term “knowledge” could also be translated as “what is known” or “wisdom” or “understanding,” depending on the context.
* Depending on the context, ways to translate this meaning of “know” could include “be acquainted with” or “be familiar with” or “be in relationship with.”
* Some languages have two different words for “know,” one for knowing facts and one for knowing a person and having a relationship with that person. The word for knowing a person and having a relationship with that person should be used when translating this sense of the word “know.”
(See also: [law](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [reveal](../kt/reveal.md), [understand](../other/understand.md), [wise](../kt/wise.md))
(See also: [know-information](../other/know-information.md),[reveal](../kt/reveal.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 2:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/12)
* [1 Samuel 17:46](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/17/46)
* [2 Corinthians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/2co/02/15)
* [2 Peter 1:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/03)
* [Deuteronomy 4:39-40](rc://en/tn/help/deu/04/39)
* [Genesis 19:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/19/05)
* [Luke 1:77](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/77)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1843, H1844, H1847, H1875, H3045, H3046, H4093, H4486, H5046, H5234, H5475, H5869, G00500, G00560, G10970, G11070, G11080, G14920, G19210, G19220, G19870, G24670, G25890, G42670, G48940

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# know, knowledge, unknown, distinguish
## Definition:
The term “know” and “knowledge” means generally to understand something or someone. It can also mean to be aware of a fact or to be familiar with a person. The expression “to make known” means to tell information.
* The term “knowledge” refers to information that people know. It can apply to knowing physical concepts or abstract concepts.
* To “know about” God means to understand facts about him because of what he has revealed to us.
* To “know” God means to have a relationship with him. This also applies to knowing people.
* To know God’s will means to be aware of what he has commanded, or to understand what he wants a person to do.
* To “know the Law” means to be aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses.
* Sometimes “knowledge” is used as a synonym for “wisdom,” which includes living in a way that is pleasing to God.
* The “knowledge of God” is sometimes used as a synonym for the “fear of Yahweh.”
* When used of a man and a woman to “know” is often an euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “know” could include “understand” or “be familiar with” or “be aware of” or “be acquainted with” or “be in relationship with.”
* In the context of understanding the difference between two things, the term is usually translated as “distinguish.” When used in this way, the term is often followed by the preposition “between.”
* Some languages have two different words for “know,” one for knowing facts and one for knowing a person and having a relationship with him.
* The term “make known” could be translated as “cause people to know” or “reveal” or “tell about” or “explain.”
* To “know about” something could be translated as “be aware of” or “be familiar with.”
* The expression “know how to” means to understand the process or method of getting something done. It could also be translated as “be able to” or “have the skill to.”
* The term “knowledge” could also be translated as “what is known” or “wisdom” or “understanding,” depending on the context.
(See also: [law](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [reveal](../kt/reveal.md), [understand](../other/understand.md), [wise](../kt/wise.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 2:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/12)
* [1 Samuel 17:46](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/17/46)
* [2 Corinthians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/2co/02/15)
* [2 Peter 1:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/03)
* [Deuteronomy 4:39-40](rc://en/tn/help/deu/04/39)
* [Genesis 19:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/19/05)
* [Luke 1:77](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/77)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1843, H1844, H1847, H1875, H3045, H3046, H4093, H4486, H5046, H5234, H5475, H5869, G00500, G00560, G10970, G11070, G11080, G14920, G19210, G19220, G19870, G24670, G25890, G42670, G48940
# know, knew, knowledge, unknown, distinguish
## Definition:
Used in this sense the term “know” and “knowledge” mean generally to understand something. It can also mean to be aware of a fact. The expression “to make known” means to tell information.
* The term “knowledge” refers to information that people know. It can apply to knowing physical concepts or abstract concepts.
* To “know about” God means to understand facts about him because of what he has revealed to us.
* To “know the Law” means to be aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses.
* Sometimes “knowledge” is used as a synonym for “wisdom,” which includes living in a way that is pleasing to God.
* The “knowledge of God” is sometimes used as a synonym for the “fear of Yahweh.”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “know” could include “understand” or “be familiar with” or “be aware of” or “be acquainted with.”
* In the context of understanding the difference between two things, the term is usually translated as “distinguish.” When used in this way, the term is often followed by the preposition “between.”
* The term “make known” could be translated as “cause people to know” or “reveal” or “tell about” or “explain.”
* To “know about” something could be translated as “be aware of” or “be familiar with.”
* The expression “know how to” means to understand the process or method of getting something done. It could also be translated as “be able to” or “have the skill to.”
* The term “knowledge” could also be translated as “what is known” or “wisdom” or “understanding,” depending on the context.
* Some languages have two different words for “know,” one for knowing facts and one for knowing a person and having a relationship with that person. The word for knowing facts should be used when translating this sense of the word “know.”
(See also: [know-relationship](../other/know-relationship.md), [law](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [reveal](../kt/reveal.md), [understand](../other/understand.md), [wise](../kt/wise.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# labor, labors
## Definition:
Used in this sense, the term “labor” refers to the process of a woman giving birth.
* The phrase “in labor” is often used to describe a woman who is in the process of giving birth.
* The phrase “labor pains” refer to the pain which a woman experiences in the process of giving birth.
* In English, the word “labor” is used to describe the process of giving birth. Other languages may have a completely different word for this.
* Another way to translate the phrase “in labor” is “giving birth”
(See also: [labor pains](../other/laborpains.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# labor, laborer, work, hard work
# labor, labors, labored, laboring, laborer, work, hard work
## Definition:
@ -6,21 +6,13 @@ The term “labor” refers to doing hard work of any kind.
* In general, labor is any task which uses energy. It is often implied that the task is difficult.
* A laborer is a person who does any type of labor.
* In English, the word “labor” is also used for part of the process of giving birth. Other languages may have a completely different word for this.
* Ways to translate “labor” could include “work” or “hard work” or “difficult work” or to “work hard.”
* Ways to translate “labor” could include “work” or “toil” or “hard work” or “difficult work” or to “work hard.”
(See also: [hard](../other/hard.md), [labor pains](../other/laborpains.md))
(See also: [hard](../other/hard.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/09)
* [1 Thessalonians 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/03/05)
* [Galatians 4:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/10)
* [James 5:4](rc://en/tn/help/jas/05/04)
* [John 4:38](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/38)
* [Luke 10:2](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/02)
* [Matthew 10:10](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/10)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3018, H3021, H3022, H3205, H4522, H4639, H5447, H5450, H5647, H5656, H5998, H5999, H6001, H6089, H6468, H6635, G00750, G20380, G20400, G20410, G28720, G28730, G48660, G49040

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# marriage, marry, married, wedding
## Definition:
The term “marriage” refers to the formal union between a man and a woman in which they are joined together in a publicly recognized, and often legally recognized, relationship.
* The marriage relationship originated with God. God instituted the marriage relationship and he initiated the first marriage between Adam and Eve.
* God instituted marriage for several reasons. Some of the reasons that God instituted marriage are so that children would have a healthy and secure environment in which to be raised, so that people would have a visual earthly demonstration of his relationship with his covenant people and so that men and women who are married to each other can help each other and complement the others strengths and weaknesses.
* In a marriage ceremony (called a “wedding”) the bridegroom is the **man** who will marry the bride (the **woman**).
* The Bible teaches that marriage should not be prohibited.
* God strictly prohibits adultery in both the Old and the New Testament.
* The New Testament teaches that people who believe in Jesus should not marry unbelievers.
* Jesus taught that there will be no marriage in heaven.
## Translation Suggestions:
Use the term that your language uses to refer to the marriage relationship between a man and a woman.
(See also: [bridegroom](../other/bridegroom.md), [bride](../other/bride.md), [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [Eve](../names/eve.md), [Adam](../names/adam.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# mold, moldy
# mold, molded, molds, molder
## Definition:
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ A mold is a hollowed-out piece of wood, metal, or clay that is used to form obje
* In the Bible, molds are mentioned mainly in connection with molding statues to be used as idols.
* Metals have to be heated to a very high temperature so that they can be poured into the mold.
* To mold something means to form an object into a certain shape or likeness by using a mold or the hands to form a certain shape.
* A “molder” is someone who shapes or fashions something.
## Translation Suggestions
@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ A mold is a hollowed-out piece of wood, metal, or clay that is used to form obje
## Bible References:
* [Exodus 32:4](rc://en/tn/help/exo/32/04)
## Word Data:

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# oath, swear, swearing, swear by
# oath, vow, swear, swearing, swear by
## Definition:
The term “oath” in the Bible refers to a formal promise, usually made in a legal or religious context, in which the person making the oath accepts some kind of accountability or punishment if he does not fulfill his promise. In the Bible, the term “swear” means to make an oath.
The term “oath” in the Bible refers to a formal promise, usually made in a legal or religious context, in which the person making the oath accepts some kind of accountability or punishment if he does not fulfill his promise. In the Bible, the term “swear” means to make an oath. A “vow” is a solemn promise or oath that a person makes to God.
* In a court of law, a witness often gives an oath to promise that whatever he says will be true and factual.
* In modern times, one meaning of the word “swear” is to use foul or vulgar language. This is never its meaning in the Bible.
@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ The term “oath” in the Bible refers to a formal promise, usually made in a l
* Abraham and Abimelech swore an oath when they made a covenant together concerning the use of a well.
* Abraham told his servant to swear (formally promise) that he would find Isaac a wife from among Abraham’s relatives.
* God also made oaths in which he made promises to his people.
* If a person in ancient Israel made a vow to God, that person was obligated to fulfill the vow. The ancient Israelites believed that God might punish a person who did not fulfill a vow that he made.
* In ancient Israel, sometimes a person would ask God to protect him or provide for him in exchange for making the vow. However, the ancient Israelites did not believe that God was obligated to fulfill these requests.
## Translation Suggestions:
@ -18,8 +20,9 @@ The term “oath” in the Bible refers to a formal promise, usually made in a l
* Other ways to translate “swear by my name” could include “make a promise using my name to confirm it.”
* To “swear by heaven and earth” could be translated as to, “promise to do something, stating that heaven and earth will confirm it.”
* Make sure the translation of “swear” or “oath” does not refer to cursing. In the Bible it does not have that meaning.
* Depending on the context, the term “vow” can be translated as “solemn promise” or “solemn oath” or “promise made to God.”
(See also: [Abimelech](../names/abimelech.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [vow](../kt/vow.md))
(See also: [Abimelech](../names/abimelech.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md))
## Bible References:
@ -32,7 +35,15 @@ The term “oath” in the Bible refers to a formal promise, usually made in a l
* [Matthew 5:36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/36)
* [Matthew 14:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/06)
* [Matthew 26:72](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/72)
* [1 Corinthians 7:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/1co/07/27)
* [Acts 21:23](rc://en/tn/help/act/21/23)
* [Genesis 28:21](rc://en/tn/help/gen/28/21)
* [Genesis 31:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/12)
* [Jonah 1:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/jon/01/14)
* [Jonah 2:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/jon/02/09)
* [Proverbs 7:14](rc://en/tn/help/pro/07/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0422, H0423, H3027, H5375, H7621, H7650, G03320, G36600, G37270, G37280
* Strong’s: H0422, H0423, H3027, H5375, H7621, H7650, G03320, G36600, G37270, G37280, H5087, H5088, G21710

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* It also can refer to the twelve sons of Jacob who became the twelve patriarchs of the twelve tribes of Israel.
* The term “patriarch” has a similar meaning to “forefather,” but more specifically refers to the most well-known male ancestral leaders of a people group.
(See also: [ancestor, father, forefather](../other/father.md))
## Bible References:

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# pledge, pledged
# pledge, pledged, pledging, pledges
## Definition:
The term “pledge” refers to formally and solemnly promising to do something or give something.
* In the Old Testament the officials of Israel pledged to be loyal to King David.
* The object given as a pledge would be returned to its owner when the promise was fulfilled.
* To “pledge” could be translate as to “formally commit to” or to “strongly promise.”
* The term “pledge” can also refer to an object given as a guarantee or promise that a debt will be paid.
* The object given as a pledge would be returned to its owner when the promise was fulfilled.
* Ways to translate “a pledge” could include “a solemn promise” or “a formal commitment” or “a guarantee” or “a formal assurance,” depending on the context.
(See also: [promise](../kt/promise.md), [oath](../other/oath.md), [vow](../kt/vow.md))

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# plunder, plundered, spoil, spoils
## Facts:
The terms “spoil” and “plunder,” when used as a noun, refer to things that are taken by force from a person or place, normally during a time of war. The verb “plunder” means to take things from a person or place, normally by force and during a time of war.
* When translating the verb “plunder” in the context of war you should use a different word than “steal” as “to steal” normally implies wrong doing and to “plunder”” something in war is not necessarily sinful.
* You could translate the verb “plunder” with a word such as “pillage” or with a descriptive phrase “take the goods of.”
* You could translate the term “spoil” with a descriptive phrase such as “plundered goods” or “plundered things.”
* Depending on context, you could translate the term “plunder” with a descriptive phrase such as “captured goods” or with some other descriptive phrase or with a term such as “spoil” or “spoils.”
* Your language may have a word for things that are taken by force and/or in a time of war.
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# profit, profits, profited, profitable, unprofitable
## Definition:
When used in the spiritual sense, the terms “profit” and “profitable” refer to gaining something spiritually beneficial through doing (or someone else doing) certain actions or behaviors.
Something is spiritually “profitable” to someone if it brings them spiritual benefits.
* Actions are spiritually profitable if they please God and cause that person and/or others to receive spiritual benefit.
* 2 Timothy 3:16 says that all Scripture is “profitable” for correcting and training people in righteousness. This means that the Bible’s teachings are helpful and useful for teaching people to live according to God’s will.
The term “unprofitable” in this sense means to not be beneficial or helpful.
* It literally means to not profit anything or to not help someone gain anything beneficial.
* Something that is spiritually unprofitable is not worth doing because it does not please God and does not give any spiritual benefit or reward.
* This could be translated as “unbeneficial” or “not beneficial” or “worthless” or “not useful” or “giving no benefit.”
(See also: [worthy](../kt/worthy.md),[profit-earthly](../other/profit-earthly.md))
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “profit” could also be translated as “benefit” or “help.”
* Depending on the context, the term “profitable” could be translated as “useful” or “beneficial” or “helpful.”
* To “profit from” something could be translated as “benefit from” or “receive help from.”
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# profit, profitable, unprofitable
# profit, profits, profited, profitable
## Definition:
In general, the terms “profit” and “profitable” refer to gaining something good through doing certain actions or behaviors.
Something is “profitable” to someone if it brings them good things or if it helps them bring about good things for other people.
Used in this sense, the terms “profit” and “profitable” refer to gaining some material thing through doing certain actions or behaviors.
Something is “profitable” to someone if it enables them to earn or attain good material things.
* More specifically, the term “profit” often refers to money that is gained from doing business. A business is “profitable” if it gains more money than it spends.
* Actions are profitable if they bring about good things for people.
* 2 Timothy 3:16 says that all Scripture is “profitable” for correcting and training people in righteousness. This means that the Bible’s teachings are helpful and useful for teaching people to live according to God’s will.
* Actions are profitable if they cause material things to be gained for people.
The term “unprofitable” means to not be useful.
* It literally means to not profit anything or to not help someone gain anything.
* Something that is unprofitable is not worth doing because it does not give any benefit.
* This could be translated as “useless” or “worthless” or “not useful” or “unworthy” or “not beneficial” or “giving no benefit.”
(See also: [worthy](../kt/worthy.md))
(See also: [worthy](../kt/worthy.md),[profit-spiritual](../other/profit-spiritual.md))
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “profit” could also be translated as “benefit” or “help” or “gain.”
* Depending on context, the term “profits” could be translated as “earnings” when referring to wages earned by working.
* The term “profitable” could be translated as “useful” or “beneficial” or “helpful.”
* To “profit from” something could be translated as “benefit from” or “gain money from” or “receive help from.”
* The term “profited” could be translated as “gained.”
* To “profit from” something could be translated as “benefit from” or “gain money from.”
* In the context of a business, “profit” could be translated with a word or phrase that means “money gained” or “surplus of money” or “extra money.”
## Bible References:
* [Job 15:3](rc://en/tn/help/job/15/03)
* [Proverbs 10:16](rc://en/tn/help/pro/10/16)
* [Jeremiah 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/jer/02/08)
* [Ezekiel 18:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/18/12)
* [John 6:63](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/06/63)
* [Mark 8:36](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/08/36)
* [Matthew 16:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/26)
* [2 Peter 2:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/02/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1215, H3148, H3276, H3504, H4195, H4768, H5532, H7737, H7939, G01470, G02550, G05120, G08880, G08890, G08900, G12810, G25850, G27700, G27710, G34080, G42970, G42980, G48510, G55390, G56220, G56230, G56240

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# pride, boastful
## Definition:
The term “pride,” in this sense, refers to having a feeling of great satisfaction or delight in someone or something. The term “boast,” when used with this sense, means to greatly praise something or someone and talk about the things about it or them that are praiseworthy.
* The term “pride,” when used with a positive meaning, refers to having great delight in something or to having a feeling of great delight or satisfaction in what someone has achieved or in their admirable qualities or abilities.
* The expression “take pride in your work” means to find joy in doing your work well.
* Someone can be proud of what he has done without being prideful about it. Some languages have different words for the positive meaning of “pride” and the negative meaning of “pride.”
* A humble person does not boast about themself or take pride in themself but rather boasts about God and what God has done and is doing.
* God urged the Israelites not to boast about their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, or their laws but to instead “boast” or be proud about the fact that they know him.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The positive meaning of “pride” could be translated as “joy” or “satisfaction” or “pleasure.”
* To be “proud of” could also be translated as “happy with” or “satisfied with” or “joyful about (the accomplishments of).”
* The phrase “take pride in your work” could be translated as “find satisfaction in doing your work well.”
* The expression “take pride in Yahweh” could also be translated as “be delighted about all the wonderful things Yahweh has done” or “be happy about how amazing Yahweh is.”
* The positive meaning of “boasting in” could be translated as “glorying in” or “rejoicing in.”
(See also:[humble](../kt/humble.md), [joy](../other/joy.md), [proud negative sense](../other/proud-negativesense.md))
## Bible References:
*
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[4:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/02)__ They were very __proud__, and they did not care about what God said.
* __[34:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/34/10)__ Then Jesus said, “I tell you the truth, God heard the tax collector’s prayer and declared him to be righteous. But he did not like the prayer of the religious leader. God will humble everyone who is __proud__, and he will lift up whoever humbles himself.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# proud, pride, prideful
# proud, pride, prideful, boast, boastful, boasting
## Definition:
The terms “proud” and “prideful” refer to a person thinking too highly of himself, and especially, thinking that he is better than other people.
The terms “proud” and “pride,” in this sense, refer to a person thinking too highly of themself, and especially, thinking that he is better than other people. The term “boast,” when used with this sense, means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself.
* A proud person often does not admit his own faults. He is not humble.
* Pride can lead to disobeying God in other ways.
* The terms “proud” and “pride” can also be used in a positive sense, such as being “proud of” what someone else has achieved and being “proud of” your children. The expression “take pride in your work” means to find joy in doing your work well.
* Someone can be proud of what he has done without being prideful about it. Some languages have different words for these two different meanings of “pride.”
* The term “prideful” is always negative, with the meaning of being “arrogant” or “conceited” or “self-important.”
* The term “boastful” is always negative, and refers to a person who brags about themself or what they possess or have done or can do.
* Someone who is “boastful” frequently talks about himself in a proud way.
* God rebuked the Israelites for “boasting in” their idols. They arrogantly worshiped false gods instead of the true God.
* The Bible also talks about people boasting in such things as their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, and their laws. This means that they were proud about these things and did not acknowledge that God is the one who provided these things.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The noun “pride” could be translated as “arrogance” or “conceit” or “self-importance.”
* In other contexts, “pride” could be translated as “joy” or “satisfaction” or “pleasure.”
* To be “proud of” could also be translated as “happy with” or “satisfied with” or “joyful about (the accomplishments of).”
* The phrase “take pride in your work” could be translated as “find satisfaction in doing your work well.”
* The expression “take pride in Yahweh” could also be translated as “be delighted about all the wonderful things Yahweh has done” or “be happy about how amazing Yahweh is.”
* Other ways to translate “boast” could include “brag” or “talk proudly” or “be proud.”
* The term “boastful” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “full of prideful talk” or “prideful” or “talking proudly about oneself.”
(See also: [arrogant](../other/arrogant.md), [humble](../kt/humble.md), [joy](../other/joy.md))
(See also: [arrogant](../other/arrogant.md), [humble](../kt/humble.md), [proud positive sense](../other/proud-positivesense.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Timothy 3:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/03/06)
* [2 Corinthians 1:12](rc://en/tn/help/2co/01/12)
* [Galatians 6:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/03)
* [Isaiah 13:19](rc://en/tn/help/isa/13/19)
* [Luke 1:51](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/51)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
@ -35,4 +30,4 @@ The terms “proud” and “prideful” refer to a person thinking too highly o
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1341, H1343, H1344, H1346, H1347, H1348, H1349, H1361, H1362, H1363, H1364, H1396, H1466, H1467, H1984, H2086, H2087, H3093, H3238, H3513, H4062, H1431, H4791, H5965, H7295, H7312, H7342, H7311, H7830, H8597, G13910, G13920, G27440, G27450, G27460, G31730, G51870, G52290, G52430, G52440, G53080, G53090, G54260
* Strong’s:

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# seraphim, seraphs
## The term “seraphim,” and “seraphs,” are plural forms of the word “seraph.” The term “seraphim” means “burning ones” or “fiery ones.” The Bible describes seraphim as being heavenly creatures that can fly and have six wings each and can talk.
* The seraphim display the glory and power of God and praise him.
* Seraphim might be thought of as being angels, but the Bible does not clearly state that.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “seraphim” could be translated as “winged creatures” or “winged heavenly creatures” or “holy, winged creatures.”
* Make sure that the translation of this term is different from the translation of “angel.”
* Also consider how this term is translated or written in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [angel](../kt/angel.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# servant, serve, slave, young man, young women
# servant, serve, maidservant, young man, young women
## Definition:
A “servant” or “slave” refers to a person who works for (or obeys) another person, either by choice or by force. A servant was under his master's control. In the Bible, “servant” and “slave” are mostly interchangable terms.
A “servant” refers to a person who works for (or obeys) another person, either by choice or by force. A servant was under his master's direction. In the Bible, “servant” and “slave” are mostly interchangable terms.
The term “serve” generally means to do work for someone, and the concept can be applied in a wide variety of contexts.
* A slave was a kind of servant who was the property of the person he worked for. The person who bought a slave was called his “owner” or “master.” Some masters treated their slaves cruelly. Other masters treated their slaves well, like a valued member of the household. The term “slavery” means the state of being a slave.
* A person could be a slave temporarily, for instance while working to repay a debt to his owner.
* The words “young man” or “young woman” often mean “servant” or “slave.” This meaning will be discerned from context. One indicator of this situation is if the possessive is used, eg. “her young women” could be translated as “her servants” or “her slaves.”
* The term “enslave” means “to cause to be a slave” (usually by force).
* The New Testament speaks of human beings as “slaves of sin” until Jesus frees them from its control and power. When a person receives new life in Christ, he stops being a slave to sin and becomes a slave to righteousness.
* In the Bible the words “young man” or “young woman” often mean “servant” or “slave.” This meaning will be discerned from context. One indicator of this situation is if the possessive is used, eg. “her young women” which could be translated as “her servants” or “her slaves.”
## Translation Suggestions
* The term “serve” can also be translated as “minister to” or “work for” or “take care of” or “obey,” depending on the context.
* The term “enslave” could be translated as “cause to not be free” or “force to serve others” or “put under the control of others.”
* The phrase “enslaved to” or “in bondage to” could be translated as “forced to be a slave of” or “forced to serve” or “under the control of.”
* To “serve God” can be translated as to “worship and obey God” or to “do the work that God has commanded.”
* In the Old Testament, God’s prophets and other people who worshiped God were often called his “servants.”
* In the New Testament, people who obeyed God through faith in Christ were often called his “servants.”
@ -26,39 +20,15 @@ The term “serve” generally means to do work for someone, and the concept can
* Paul talks about their actions in terms of their “service” to either the old or new covenant. This could be translated as “serving” or “obeying” or “devotion to.”
* Often, when a person referred to himself as “your servant” he was showing respect to the person addressed. That person may have had higher social status, or the speaker may be showing humility. It did not mean that the person speaking was an actual servant.
(See also: [bondage](../kt/bond.md), [works](../kt/works.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [house](../other/house.md), [lord](../kt/lord.md))
(See also: [enslave](../other/enslave.md), [works](../kt/works.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [house](../other/house.md), [lord](../kt/lord.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 15:13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/15/13)
* [Genesis 21:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/21/10)
* [Genesis 25:23](rc://en/tn/help/gen/25/23)
* [Deuteronomy 24:7](rc://en/tn/help/deu/24/7)
* [Jeremiah 30:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/jer/30/08)
* [Matthew 4:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/mat/04/10)
* [Matthew 6:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/06/24)
* [Matthew 10:24-25](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/24)
* [Matthew 13:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/13/27)
* [Mark 8:7-10](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/08/07)
* [Mark 9:33-35](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/09/33)
* [Luke 4:8](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/08)
* [Luke 12:37-38](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/37)
* [Luke 12:47-48](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/47)
* [Luke 22:26-27](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/26)
* [Acts 4:29-31](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/29)
* [Acts 6:2-4](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/02)
* [Acts 10:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/07)
* [Galatians 4:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/03)
* [Galatians 4:24-25](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/24)
* [Colossians 1:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/07)
* [Colossians 3:22-25](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/22)
* [2 Timothy 2:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/02/03)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[6:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/06/01)__ When Abraham was very old and his son, Isaac, had grown to be a man, Abraham sent one of his __servants__ back to the land where his relatives lived to find a wife for his son, Isaac.
* __[8:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/04)__ The __slave__ traders sold Joseph as a __slave__ to a wealthy government official.
* __[9:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/09/13)__ “I (God) will send you (Moses) to Pharaoh so that you can bring the Israelites out of their __slavery__ in Egypt.”
* __[19:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/19/10)__ Then Elijah prayed, “O Yahweh, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, show us today that you are the God of Israel and that I am your __servant__.”
* __[29:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/03)__ “Since the __servant__ could not pay the debt, the king said, ‘Sell this man and his family as __slaves__ to make payment on his debt.’”
* __[35:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/06)__ “All my father’s __servants__ have plenty to eat, and yet here I am starving.”
@ -69,4 +39,3 @@ The term “serve” generally means to do work for someone, and the concept can
* (Servant) Strong’s: H0519, H5288, H5647, H5649, H5650, H5657, H7916, H8198, H8334, G12490, G14010, G14020, G23240, G34070, G34110, G36100, G38160, G49830, G52570
* (Serve) H3547, H4929, H4931, H5647, H5656, H5673, H5975, H6213, H6399, H6402, H6440, H6633, H6635, H7272, H8104, H8120, H8199, H8278, H8334, G12470, G12480, G13980, G14020, G14380, G19830, G20640, G22120, G23230, G29990, G30000, G30090, G43370, G43420, G47540, G50870, G52560
* (Enslave) H3533, G26150

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Silver is a shiny, gray precious metal used to make coins, jewelry, containers, and ornaments.
* The various containers that are made include silver cups and bowls, and other things used for cooking, eating, or serving.
* The various containers that are made from silver include silver cups and bowls, and other things used for cooking, eating, or serving.
* Silver and gold were used in the building of the tabernacle and the temple. The temple in Jerusalem had containers made of silver.
* In Bible times, a shekel was a unit of weight, and a purchase was often priced at a certain number of shekels of silver. By New Testament times there were silver coins of various weights that were measured in shekels.
* Joseph’s brothers sold him as a slave for twenty shekels of silver.
* Judas was paid thirty silver coins for betraying Jesus.
* If your culture does not have silver you could translate this term as "precious metal"
(See also: [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))

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# plant, planted, implanted, replanted, transplanted, sow
# sow, sower, plant, planted, replanted, transplanted
## Definition:
A “plant” is generally something that grows and is attached to the ground. To “sow” means to put seeds in the ground in order to grow plants. A “sower” is a person who sows or plants seeds.
To “sow” means to put seeds on top of or in the ground in order to grow plants. A “sower” is a person who sows or plants seeds. A “plant” is generally something that grows and is attached to the ground.
* The method of sowing or planting varies, but one method is to take handfuls of seeds and scatter them on the ground.
* Another method for planting seeds is to make holes in the soil and place seeds in each hole.
* The term “sow” can be used figuratively, as in “a person will reap what he sows.” This means that if a person does something evil, he will receive a negative result, a if a person does good, he will receive a positive result.
* One method of sowing or planting seeds during biblical times was to take handfuls of seeds and scatter them on the ground.
* Farmers would often plow the ground on which they had sown seeds after they had sown the seeds. The reason farmers would plow the ground after they had sown the seed is so that the seed would be covered with soil.
* Sometimes farmers may have plowed the field that they sowed seeds in both before and after sowing seeds.
## Translations Suggestions
* The term to “sow” could also be translated as to “plant.” Make sure the word used to translate this can include planting seeds.
* The term to “sow” could also be translated as to “plant.” Make sure the word or phrase you use to translate this term refers to, or can include, planting seeds by scattering them because this is the method of sowing that Jesus was referring to in his parable in Matthew 13:3-23, Mark 4:2-20, and Luke 8:4-8 where he describes a sower who sowed seeds.
* Other ways to translate “sower” could include “planter” or “farmer” or “person who plants seeds.”
* In English, “sow” is only used for planting seeds, but the English word “plant” can be used for planting seeds as well as larger things, such as trees. Other languages may also use different words, depending on what is being planted.
* The expression “a person reaps what he sows” could also be translated as “just like a certain kind of seed produces a certain kind of plant, in the same way a person’s good actions will bring a good result and a person’s evil actions will bring an evil result.”
(See also: [evil](../kt/evil.md), [good](../kt/good.md), [harvest](../other/harvest.md))
(See also: [harvest](../other/harvest.md))
## Bible References:
* [Galatians 6:8](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/08)
* [Luke 8:5](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/05)
* [Matthew 6:25-26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/06/25)
* [Matthew 13:4](rc://en/tn/help/mat/13/04)

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# subject
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the term “subject” refers to being the topic or focus of something, such as in, “you will be the subject of ridicule.”
* Depending on context, this sense of the word “subject” can be translated as “topic” or “topic of conversation” or “focus of conversation” or “theme.”
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# subject, be subject to, subjection
# subject, be subject to, subjected, subjecting, subjection
## Facts:
A person is the “subject” of another person if the second person rules over the first. To “be subject to” is to “obey” or to “submit to the authority of.”
A person is the “subject” of another person if the second person rules over and/or leads the first. A person is the “subject” of a belief system or teaching if they believe it and therefore live according to it. To “be subject to” is to “obey” or to “submit to the authority of.”
* The phrase “put in subjection to” refers to causing people to be under the authority of a leader or ruler.
* To “subject someone to something” means to cause that person to experience something negative, such as punishment.
* Depending on context, the word “subjected” can be translated as “submitted” or “under the authority of.”
* Sometimes the term “subject” is used to refer to being the topic or focus of something, such as in, “you will be the subject of ridicule.”
* The phrase “be subject to” means the same as “be submissive to” or “submit to.”
* The phrase “were subject to tribute” means the same as “were forced to pay tribute” or “were forced to give tribute.”
* To “subject” someone or something to a particular experience means to cause that person to experience something negative, such as pain.
* The phrase “subject to weakness” in Hebrews 5:2 and the phrases “was subjected” and “having subjected it” in Romans 8:20 all refer to being caused to experience something negative. The phrase in Hebrews 5:2 can be translated as “encompassed with weakness”. The phrases in Romans 8:20 can be translated as “was placed under” and “having place it under” or as “was forced to experience” and “having forced it to experience this”.
(See also: [submit](../other/submit.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 2:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/14)
* [1 Kings 4:6](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/04/06)
* [1 Peter 2:18-20](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/02/18)
* [Hebrews 2:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/02/05)
* [Proverbs 12:23-24](rc://en/tn/help/pro/12/23)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1697, H3533, H3665, H4522, H5647, H5927, G03500, G13790, G13960, G17770, G36630, G52920, G52930

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# submit, submission, in submission
# submit, submitted, submitting, submission, in submission
## Definition:
@ -10,20 +10,17 @@ To “submit” usually means to voluntarily place oneself under the authority o
## Translation Suggestions:
* The command “submit to” could be translated as “put yourself under the authority of” or “follow the leadership of” or “humbly honor and respect”
* The command “submit to” could be translated as “put yourself under the authority of” or “follow the leadership of” or “humbly honor and respect.”
* The term “submission” could be translated as “obedience” or “the following of authority.”
* The phrase “live in submission to” could be translated as “be obedient to” or “put oneself under the authority of.”
* The phrase “be in submission” could be translated as “humbly accept authority.”
(See also: [subject](../other/subject.md))
(See also: [subject-submission](../other/subject-submission.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 14:34-36](rc://en/tn/help/1co/14/34)
* [1 Peter 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/03/01)
* [Hebrews 13:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/heb/13/15)
* [Luke 10:20](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/20)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3584, G52260, G52930

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## Definition:
The term “veil” usually refers to a thin piece of cloth that is used as a head covering, to cover the head or face so that it cannot be seen.
The term “veil” usually refers to a thin piece of cloth that is used as a head covering, to fully or partially cover the head or face.
* Moses covered his face with a veil after he had been in the presence of Yahweh, so that the brightness of his face would be hidden from the people.
* In the Bible, women wore a veil to cover their head, and often their face as well, when they were in public or in the presence of men.
* The veils that women in the Bible wore over their face may have been made of thin material which could be partly seen through and may have only covered part of the face so that the women's eyes were not covered.
* The verb to “veil” means to cover something with a veil.
* In some English versions, the word “veil” is used to refer to the thick curtain that covered the entrance into the most holy place. But “curtain” is a better term in that context, since it refers to a heavy, thick piece of cloth.
## Translation Suggestions
* The term “veil” could also be translated as “thin cloth covering” or “cloth covering” or “head covering.”
* The term “veil” could also be translated as “thin cloth covering” or “cloth covering” or “head covering” or “head covering.”
* In some cultures, there may already be a term for a veil for women. It may be necessary to find a different word when it is used for Moses.
(See also: [Moses](../names/moses.md))

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# vine
# vine, vines
## Definition:

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# vineyard
# vineyard, vineyards
## Definition:

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# wadi
## Definition:
The term “wadi” refers to a seasonal stream, seasonal river, or a valley that is a stream bed during part of the year.
* A “wadi” has water in it part of the year and is dry for part of the year.
* When a “wadi” has water in it, the amount of water that it has in it depends on what time of year it is and how much rain the area has received as well as how big the wadi is.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “wadi” could include “seasonal stream” or “seasonal stream bed” or “river basin” or “river bed”
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: