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2front:introspe40# Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:17)\n1. Collection of teachings (1:89:18)\n1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:122:16)\n1. Words of wise men (22:1724:22)\n1. More words of wise men (24:2334)\n1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:129:27)\n1. The words of Agur (30:133)\n1. The words of Lemuel (31:19)\n1. A good wife praised (31:1031)\n\n### What is the book of Proverbs about?\n\nA proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain ones honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What form do the individual proverbs have?\n\nMost proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### How should personification be represented in translation?\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31:introy4et0# Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
41:1q6pnrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetryGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
51:2iaq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsto teach wisdom and instruction0This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61:2rs3pto teach words of insight0Alternate translation: “to help you understand wise teachings”
71:3ew1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youthat you may receive0Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
81:3aun5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsmay receive instruction in order to live0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91:4be4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsare also to give wisdom to the naive0This can be reworded so that If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101:4j62dnaive0inexperienced or immature
111:4p2carc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsto give knowledge and discretion to young people0The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
121:4wxv5discretion0knowing what should be done in a particular situation
131:5lrm2Let wise people listen and increase their learning0Alternate translation: “Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more”
141:5r7snlet discerning people get guidance0Alternate translation: “let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions”
151:6rcl9riddles0sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them
161:7r9ndGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nA father teaches his child.
171:7ga71Yahweh0This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
181:7l9zafools despise wisdom and instruction0Alternate translation: “those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools”
191:8p2x9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomdo not lay aside0This is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
201:9qxp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neck0The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211:9h55ywreath0an woven circle made of leaves or flowers
221:9l3qlpendants0jewelry that is worn around the neck
231:10y9bttry to entice you into their sin0Alternate translation: “try to persuade you to sin as they do”
241:10e1wurefuse to follow them0Alternate translation: “refuse them” or “do not listen to them”
251:11f89hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoIf they say0Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
261:11nvn9lie in wait0Alternate translation: “hide and wait for the right time”
271:12b8bqGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.
281:12w4w6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorLet us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy0The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291:12jg5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationLet us swallow … like Sheol takes away0This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
301:12kea4like Sheol takes away those who are healthy0The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
311:12ayt4make them like those who fall into the pit0This could mean: (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
321:14x2p6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThrow in your lot with us0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
331:14l56rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywe will all have one purse together0Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341:14ci4ypurse0a bag for carrying money
351:15t25urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordo not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walk0To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361:16vap2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortheir feet run to evil0The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
371:16v6fcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochetheir feet run0Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
381:16m7uirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto shed blood0Here “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
391:17g5jdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorFor it is useless to spread the net in the sight of any bird0This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
401:18ulr3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThese men lie in wait for their own blood—they set an ambush for their own lives0This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](../01/17.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
411:18b16mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThese men lie in wait for their own blood0To lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421:18vs5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymytheir own blood0Here “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
431:18rih3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythey set an ambush for their own lives0Here “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441:19fz7src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSo are the ways of everyone0A persons fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
451:19su23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorunjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to it0A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461:20xza5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
471:20pj5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationWisdom cries aloud0If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
481:20u7zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomraises her voice0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
491:20pj5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin the open places0This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
501:21ggk1at the head of the noisy streets0This could mean: (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
511:22jk3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow long, you naive people, will you love being naive?0Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
521:22v3njnaive0inexperienced or immature
531:22j83hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge?0Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
541:23uv1bPay attention0Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
551:23t4c9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will pour out my thoughts to you0Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
561:23c7ciI will make my words known to you0Alternate translation: “I will tell you what I think”
571:24i835rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI reached out with my hand0This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
581:26r8lxrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesI will laugh0This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
591:26p97hat your calamity0Alternate translation: “when bad things happen to you”
601:27kd9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similewhen your fearful dread comes like a storm … like a whirlwind … come upon you0Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
611:27uy59whirlwind0a very strong wind storm that causes damage
621:28m9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
631:28g5w7Then they will call upon me0Alternate translation: “Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
641:29xk1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBecause they hate knowledge0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
651:29iu3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsdid not choose the fear of Yahweh0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
661:30h1dswould not follow my instruction0Alternate translation: “would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
671:31nr9kGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerse 33 ends wisdoms statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md).
681:31wkf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoreat the fruit of their ways0Here a persons behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
691:31c1jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwith the fruit of their schemes they will be filled0“they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
701:32t8afnaive0inexperienced or immature
711:32d3pkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorare killed when they turn away0A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
721:32le64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe indifference of fools will destroy them0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **indifference**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
731:32cmi9indifference0a lack of interest about something
742:introwr6i0# Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
752:1gj7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nA father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
762:1wtm1if you receive my words0Alternate translation: “if you listen to what I am teaching you”
772:1jh3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortreasure up my commandments with you0Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782:2an5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommake your ears pay attention0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
792:2w1ilrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsto wisdom0This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
802:2gme3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyincline your heart to understanding0Here “heart” represents a persons mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate ones mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
812:3j5n7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismIf you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it0Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
822:3q192rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomraise your voice0This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
832:4ci1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismif you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures0Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
842:4ll3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou seek it … search for understanding0Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
852:5h49hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will find the knowledge of God0To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
862:6g5bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochefrom his mouth comes knowledge and understanding0Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
872:7jn6brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe stores up sound wisdom for those who please him0Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
882:7dv7ksound0Alternate translation: “dependable”
892:7m2mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe is a shield for those0Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
902:7u4zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho walk in integrity0A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
912:8qt7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe guards the paths of justice0This could mean: (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a persons life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
922:8t2qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorpreserve the way of his faithful ones0A persons life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
932:9qn9xequity0fairness
942:9ex8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorevery good path0A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
952:10kf4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywisdom will come into your heart0Here “heart” represents a persons inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a persons heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
962:10z4e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochepleasant to your soul0Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
972:11jbm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationDiscretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you0This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
982:11q2thDiscretion0the quality of being careful in actions and speech
992:11dnu8watch over0to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
1002:12ix2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThey will rescue you from the way of evil0“They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1012:12vs4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom the way of evil0Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1022:13a5k8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness0A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1032:13tc6pwho abandon0The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
1042:13q9byabandon0to leave and never return to someone or something
1052:14e571They rejoice0“They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
1062:14t4yzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismdelight in the perversities of evil0This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1072:15jpq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey follow crooked paths0People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1082:15lsl5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorusing deception they hide their tracks0People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1092:16p5k9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationWisdom and discretion will save you0The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1102:17c2iuthe companion of her youth0This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
1112:17awb4the covenant of her God0This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
1122:18dn9dher house sinks down to death0This could mean: (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
1132:18kl7yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorher tracks will lead you0This could mean: (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1142:18hwl4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto those in the grave0This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1152:19n7tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismgo in to her0This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1162:19zg4rthey will not find the paths of life0This could mean: (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
1172:20ts71So0The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
1182:20fiw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will walk in the way … follow the paths0A persons conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1192:22r5smrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe wicked will be cut off from the land0The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1202:22w94mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked … the faithless0These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1212:22cmv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe faithless will be cut off from it0The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1223:introa94e0# Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
1233:1p6r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1243:1f5cvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsdo not forget my commands0The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1253:1tk78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismkeep my teachings in your heart0This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1263:2r3iarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletfor the length of your days and years of your life0These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a persons life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1273:3w5inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationDo not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you0The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1283:3xj6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortie them together about your neck0The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1293:3i4ptrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywrite them on the tablet of your heart0Here the heart represents a persons mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1303:4g3fyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin the sight of God and man0Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1313:5w345rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall your heart0Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1323:5m1v4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordo not lean on your own understanding0The writer speaks of relying on ones own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1333:6c7brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin all your ways0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1343:6m1v6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will make your paths straight0The writer speaks of Yahweh making a persons actions prosperous as if that persons actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1353:7y6isrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorDo not be wise in your own eyes0The writer speaks of a persons opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1363:7au5src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturn away from evil0The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1373:8du95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitIt will be healing to your flesh0The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1383:9thp2all your produce0Alternate translation: “all the food you harvest”
1393:10z9amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour storehouses will be filled up0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1403:10y7dbstorehouses0buildings or rooms where food is stored
1413:10vtx6your vats will be bursting0your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
1423:11f4sxGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer writes as a father teaching his son.
1433:12gpk5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita son who pleases him0“a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the fathers affection for the son, and not to the fathers approval of the sons behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1443:13d1nqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe one who finds wisdom0The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1453:14gy74what silver will give in return0This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
1463:15y2ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1473:15vxz8more precious0Alternate translation: “more valuable”
1483:16p6g3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationShe has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor0The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1493:16k6irrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlength of her days0This idiom refers to the duration of persons life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1503:17mfb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationHer ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1513:18le9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorShe is a tree of life to those who take hold of it0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1523:18l7hna tree of life0Alternate translation: “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
1533:18ka8xthose who hold on to it0Alternate translation: “those who hold on to its fruit”
1543:19c1nfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh founded the earth … established the heavens0The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1553:20ulw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe depths broke open0In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1563:20b6d2dew0water that forms on the ground at night
1573:21xa9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordo not lose sight of them0The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1583:22mr5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThey will be life to your soul0Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1593:22x4q3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoran adornment of favor to wear around your neck0The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1603:22r2k8adornment of favor0This could mean: (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahwehs favor.”
1613:23k64jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will walk on your way in safety0The writer speaks of living ones life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1623:23d5hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheyour foot will not stumble0The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1633:24f69hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwhen you lie down0It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1643:24q2v4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryour sleep will be sweet0The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1653:25ds94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivedevastation caused by the wicked, when it comes0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1663:26aw88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahweh will be on your side0“Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another persons side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1673:26z3yerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill keep your foot from being caught in a trap0The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1683:27yl8aDo not withhold good0Alternate translation: “Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
1693:27sqz5when it is in your power to act0Alternate translation: “when you are able to help”
1703:28e1qgwhen you have the money with you0“when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
1713:31pae7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDo not … choose any of his ways0It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1723:32eu7kthe devious person is detestable to Yahweh0Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the devious person”
1733:32n8edthe devious person0the person who is dishonest or deceitful
1743:32uy1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe brings the upright person into his confidence0Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1753:33h6nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person0The writer speaks of Yahwehs curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked persons house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1763:33q866rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe blesses the home of righteous people0The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1773:34kb65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe gives his favor to humble people0The writer speaks of Yahwehs favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1783:35y7vzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWise people inherit honor0The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1793:35b6jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfools will be lifted up in their shame0The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1804:introz4ah0# Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
1814:1hqv1General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
1824:1zck6pay attention0Alternate translation: “listen carefully”
1834:1s4lmyou will know what understanding is0Alternate translation: “you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
1844:2paf3I am giving you good instructions0Alternate translation: “What I am teaching you is good”
1854:3y999rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWhen I was a son of my father0This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his fathers care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1864:3n5kerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadysthe tender and only child0Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1874:4b7y3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyLet your heart hold fast to my words0Here the word “heart” represents the persons mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1884:5ft42Acquire wisdom0Alternate translation: “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
1894:5fb3ydo not forget0Alternate translation: “remember”
1904:5m3uvdo not reject0Alternate translation: “accept”
1914:5su5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe words of my mouth0Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1924:6zc73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationdo not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1934:6vrf5do not abandon wisdom0This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
1944:6h75glove her0Alternate translation: “love wisdom”
1954:7zu2pGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
1964:7guq5spend all you own so you can get understanding0Alternate translation: “value understanding more than all you own”
1974:8pa2irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationCherish wisdom and she will exalt you0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1984:8x13zCherish0to feel or show great love for someone or something
1994:8k4flrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationshe will honor you when you embrace her0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2004:9z38erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorShe will put a wreath of honor on your head0The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that persons head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2014:9beu8wreath0a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
2024:9z184rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorshe will give you a beautiful crown0The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that persons head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2034:10p1f4pay attention to my words0Alternate translation: “listen carefully to what I teach you”
2044:10l7bxyou will have many years in your life0Alternate translation: “you will live many years”
2054:11h1qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths0The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2064:12xxp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhen you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble0These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2074:13d7gkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHold on to instruction, do not let it go0The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2084:13ljf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor it is your life0The writer speaks of discipline preserving a persons life as if it were that persons life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2094:14gi8lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorDo not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2104:15cr8dAvoid it0Alternate translation: “Avoid the path of the wicked”
2114:16n1jzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolethey cannot sleep until they do evil0They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2124:16a2jqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolethey are robbed of sleep0The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2134:16bvp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoruntil they cause someone to stumble0The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2144:17vfi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence0This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2154:18w7hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe path of righteous people0The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2164:18etf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethe path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter0The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2174:18i5k7the first light0This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
2184:18jv88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomuntil the fullness of the day comes0This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2194:19bqj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe way of the wicked0The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2204:19mj9lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe way of the wicked is like darkness0The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2214:19m9yhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey do not know what it is they stumble over0The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2224:20w8jdpay attention0Alternate translation: “listen carefully”
2234:20kji2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheincline your ear to my sayings0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2244:21zdv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorDo not let them turn away from your eyes0The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2254:21a189rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorkeep them in your heart0The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within ones heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2264:22jnu1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy words are life0The writer speaks of his words preserving a persons life as if they were that persons life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2274:22lby5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorto those who find them0The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2284:22d57yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsishealth to their whole body0The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2294:23pf19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyKeep your heart safe and guard it0Here the word “heart” represents a persons mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2304:23klv3with all diligence0with constant and earnest effort
2314:23n8vdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom it flow the springs of life0The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a persons life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2324:24a2swrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorPut crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you0The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2334:25il8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheLet your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you0Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2344:26nt2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheMake a level path for your foot0Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a persons actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2354:26g2a2a level path0Alternate translation: “a smooth path” or “an even path”
2364:26xyn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthen all your ways will be secure0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374:27h89urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismDo not turn aside to the right or to the left0The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2384:27j3tnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheturn your foot away from evil0Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2395:introjxf10# Proverbs 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
2405:1vi27General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
2415:1nl9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheincline your ears0Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2425:2cei4discretion0Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to ones actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
2435:2la7frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheyour lips may protect knowledge0Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the persons lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2445:3zxr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe lips of an adulteress drip with honey0This could mean: (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2455:3z9rmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyher mouth is smoother than oil0This could mean: (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2465:4pd3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut in the end she is as bitter as wormwood0The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2475:4m3snwormwood0a plant that tastes bitter
2485:4jy84rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcutting like a sharp sword0The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2495:5kc88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHer feet go down to death0Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2505:5g7qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorher steps go all the way to Sheol0The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2515:6nxc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorShe gives no thought to the path of life0The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2525:6iki3Her footsteps wander0This could mean: (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
2535:7dwp8Now0Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
2545:7ry9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismlisten to me … do not turn away from listening0These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2555:7e4q8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordo not turn away from listening0The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2565:7ih1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe words of my mouth0Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2575:8y32erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyKeep your path far away from her0Here the word “path” represents the persons daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2585:8jw5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochedo not come near the door of her house0Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2595:9pl7uIn that way0“If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
2605:9b54wyou will not give away your honor to others0Possible meanings for the word **honor** are: (1) it refers to ones reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to ones wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of ones life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
2615:9bc5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisor years of your life to a cruel person0The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2625:9yb9aa cruel person0This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
2635:10d9brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstrangers will not feast on your wealth0The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another persons wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2645:10ksf3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhat you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers0Here the word “house” represents the persons family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2655:11la5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletyour flesh and your body waste away0The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2665:11i4yhwaste away0Alternate translation: “physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
2675:12x4dirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismI hated instruction … my heart despised correction0These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2685:12m4grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationsHow I hated instruction0The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2695:12b7lfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy heart despised correction0Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2705:13kvf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheincline my ear to my instructors0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2715:14he4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismin the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the persons community that has gathered together either: (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2725:15f76jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismwater from your own cistern … running water from your own well0These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2735:15t8avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrunning water0The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2745:16pe1src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares?0The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2755:16u3uarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismShould your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares?0Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are: (1) sleeping with women other than ones wife is spoken of as if it were allowing ones water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than ones wife is spoken of as if it were allowing ones water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2765:16ss2wpublic squares0Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
2775:17f7geLet them be0The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
2785:17s9wfnot for strangers with you0Alternate translation: “do not share them with strangers”
2795:18xd81rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorMay your fountain be blessed0The writer speaks of the sons wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2805:18tz7fthe wife of your youth0This could mean: (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
2815:19n93jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorshe is a loving deer and a graceful doe0The writer speaks of the sons wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2825:19dv45graceful0This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
2835:19x1vqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheLet her breasts satisfy you0This could mean: (1) the wifes breasts excite the husbands sexual desire and possibly represent the wifes entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wifes breasts satisfying the husbands desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mothers breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2845:19pb8mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemay you be continually intoxicated by her love0Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of ones wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2855:19elf2by her love0This could mean: (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
2865:20d78frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionFor why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman?0The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2875:20z71krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebe captivated by an adulteress0Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2885:20zr1urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewhy should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman0Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2895:20x9gwan immoral woman0This could mean: (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another mans wife.”
2905:21jh86rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismsees everything … watches all the paths0These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2915:21p1arrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorall the paths he takes0The writer speaks of a persons actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2925:22u9yarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationA wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities0The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A wicked persons own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2935:22he5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe cords of his sin will hold him tight0The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2945:23x16krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe is led astray by his great foolishness0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2955:23n1a7by his great foolishness0Alternate translation: “because he is very foolish”
2966:introxq950# Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThe latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n### Numbers\n\nOccasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author will use rhetorical questions to draw the readers attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as types\n\nThe gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
2976:1sb1brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitset aside your money0Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2986:1z256a guarantee for your neighbors loan0This could mean: (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
2996:1p3wdneighbor0This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
3006:2p9iurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomyou have laid a trap for yourself0This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3016:2qta7the words of your mouth0Alternate translation: “what you said” or “what you promised to do”
3026:3d6ypsave yourself0Alternate translation: “protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
3036:3zn5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomyou have fallen into the hand of your neighbor0This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3046:3mzx9neighbor0Alternate translation: “friend”
3056:4be5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGive your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber0“Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3066:4n831rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheyour eyes … your eyelids0This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself … yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3076:5xjb3Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter0Alternate translation: “Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
3086:5lcv3gazelle0This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
3096:5ffv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the hand of the hunter0The hand of the hunter refers to the hunters control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3106:5fn1glike a bird from the hand of the fowler0Alternate translation: “and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
3116:6il7aLook at … consider0Alternate translation: “Study … think about” or “carefully observe … ponder”
3126:6xh1rant0An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
3136:6uze2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyconsider her ways0This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3146:7tmb7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletcommander, officer, or ruler0These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3156:8w9jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismit prepares its food in the summer … during the harvest it stores up what it will eat0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3166:8c8wesummer0Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
3176:9r6u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismHow long will you sleep … When will you rise from your sleep?0The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3186:10q6abA little sleep … of the hands to rest0These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
3196:10f9h7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismA little sleep, a little slumber0Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3206:10c54prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfolding of the hands to rest0People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3216:11qm7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitand your poverty will come0This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3226:11zz4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileyour poverty will come like a robber0The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3236:11r7zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileand your needs like an armed soldier0The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3246:11vt3gan armed soldier0Alternate translation: “a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
3256:12sk3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletA worthless person—a wicked man0These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3266:12q9lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlives by the crookedness of his speech0Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3276:13b2zuwinking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers0All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
3286:13kq86winking his eyes0If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
3296:14za5wHe plots evil0Alternate translation: “He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
3306:14bbx6he always stirs up discord0Alternate translation: “he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
3316:15n8uwTherefore0Alternate translation: “For that reason”
3326:15fz64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhis disaster will overtake him0This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3336:15j5gdhis disaster0This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
3346:15h6bmin an instant; in a moment0Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
3356:16it1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismsix things that Yahweh hates, seven that0This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3366:16akh6that are disgusting to him0Alternate translation: “that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
3376:17zib9Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md).
3386:17kpi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheeyes … tongue … hands0All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3396:17cip3shed the blood of0Alternate translation: “kill” or “murder”
3406:18jq4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheheart … feet0All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3416:18ex5vwicked schemes0Alternate translation: “evil plans”
3426:19g2tzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3436:19r9n1discord0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md).
3446:19avm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone who sows discord0This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3456:20e5gmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismobey the command of your father … do not forsake the teaching of your mother0These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3466:20u11drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesdo not forsake the teaching of your mother0This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3476:21qz2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbind them on your heart; tie them about your neck0These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3486:21b76kbind them on your heart0Alternate translation: “love them” or “think about them”
3496:22r61qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhen you walk … when you sleep … when you wake up0These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3506:22hw2rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismthey will guide you … they will watch over you … they will teach you0The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3516:23u5p1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismthe commands … the teaching … the corrections that come by instruction0These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3526:23s8lqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora lamp … a light … the way of life0All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3536:23n5j2the way of life0Alternate translation: “the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
3546:24p7azrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personIt keeps you from0Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3556:24sjp3the immoral woman … an immoral woman0These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
3566:24sw14immoral0Alternate translation: “morally evil”
3576:25ty32rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordo not let her capture you with her eyelashes0The writer speaks of the womans eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3586:25rx3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin your heart0Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3596:25m7d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyher beauty0“what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3606:25f4kmcapture you0Alternate translation: “gain control over you”
3616:25vnr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheher eyelashes0The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a mans attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3626:26p3jvthe price of a loaf of bread0This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
3636:26k5fumay cost you your very life0This could mean: (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
3646:27gzh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionCan a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes?0This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3656:27sew8without burning0Alternate translation: “without destroying” or “and not destroy”
3666:27pt18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis clothes0His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3676:28r98zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionCan a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?0Walking on hot coals will scorch a persons feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3686:28tw8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwalk on hot coals0This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3696:28fy6mwalk0That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
3706:28kf2lscorching0Alternate translation: “burning”
3716:29gh7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismthe man who goes in to his neighbors wife0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbors wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3726:30fwq5despise a thief0Alternate translation: “do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
3736:31n1t7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveif he is caught0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3746:31b9nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin his house0This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3756:32s8mhThe one0Alternate translation: “The person” or “The man”
3766:33m2luwhat he deserves0Alternate translation: “the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
3776:33t99krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis disgrace0This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3786:33c8nhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteswill not be wiped away0This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3796:34lyk4furious0very angry
3806:34qsy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteshe will show no mercy0The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3816:34rc71when he takes his revenge0Alternate translation: “in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
3826:34tk3ntakes his revenge0If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
3836:35b2ymcompensation0payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
3846:35fly2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe cannot be bought off0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3856:35pc8xoff, though0Alternate translation: “off. This will be true even if”
3867:intropk5f0# Proverbs 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nMany of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
3877:1at6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorkeep my words0Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3887:1k635rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstore up my commands within yourself0Here Gods commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3897:2a8m4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorkeep my instruction0Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3907:2xfb2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomas the apple of your eye0The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3917:3g5jvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTie them on your fingers0This could mean: (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember Gods commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3927:3c4yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwrite them on the tablet of your heart0Here the heart represents a persons mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3937:4jn44rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationSay to wisdom, “You are my sister0Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3947:4z4x8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationcall understanding your kinsman0Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3957:4j17kkinsman0Alternate translation: “relative” or “family member”
3967:5xkl2the adulterous woman0This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
3977:5y9ghthe immoral woman0This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
3987:5s251with her smooth words0Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
3997:6v7n1lattice0a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
4007:7ie51naive0inexperienced or immature
4017:8i1klher corner0Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
4027:8v7v4corner0This refers to where two roads meet.
4037:9zn5ntwilight0the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
4047:10bu68rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwith a false heart0Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4057:11vkd8She was loud and wayward0Alternate translation: “She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
4067:11es4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheher feet did not stay at home0The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4077:12h64frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorshe waited in ambush0Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4087:13l1icshe0the woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md)
4097:13sa2mgrabbed him0Alternate translation: “took hold of him firmly”
4107:13vef7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwith a strong face0Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a persons face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4117:14ei2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI paid my vows0Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4127:15fys2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheseek your face0Here “face” represents the person and especially the persons presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4137:17g7k4sprinkled my bed with0Alternate translation: “scattered on my bed”
4147:17ibk7aloes0A type of wood from a tree that smells good.
4157:17q1mxcinnamon0This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
4167:18h91xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlet us drink our fill of love0Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4177:19vc42is not at his house0Alternate translation: “is not at home”
4187:20zw96full moon0The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
4197:21ptg3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorshe turned him0To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4207:21ev91her … she … him0The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
4217:21l3ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysmooth lips0Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4227:21c6k6she misled him0Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
4237:22rvi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHe went after her suddenly0This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4247:22tal5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike an ox going to slaughter … a deer caught in a trap0The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4257:22pk4mslaughter0This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
4267:22qrn6deer0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md).
4277:23r6zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike a bird rushing into a snare0The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4287:23t5u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicituntil an arrow pierces through its liver0This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4297:23i4e6liver0Here this organ represents a very important part of the deers body.
4307:23zvp5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit would cost his life0This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4317:24wen3Now0This is to focus the attention of the speakers sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
4327:25gk8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorMay your heart not turn aside onto her paths0Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the persons behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4337:25wm1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheyour heart0Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4347:25l3s9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismdo not be led astray onto her paths0This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4357:26xx9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyShe has caused many people to fall down pierced0Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4367:27g21sHer house is on the paths to Sheol … they go down0Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
4377:27ry42rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismon the paths to Sheol … down to the dark bedrooms of death0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the womans victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4387:27prr1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe dark bedrooms of death0This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4398:introz8jj0# Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
4408:1qsc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4418:1v9h5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDoes not Wisdom call out?0This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4428:1i9hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationDoes not Wisdom call out?0Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4438:1pt6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDoes not Understanding raise her voice?0Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4448:1k4ugraise her voice0Alternate translation: “speak”
4458:3z73ythe gates at the entrance into the city0In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
4468:3nkc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationshe calls out0This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4478:4gv2wGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nWisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.
4488:4jxm5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy voice is for the sons of mankind0Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4498:4j5l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe sons of mankind0This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4508:5er9qnaive0inexperienced or immature
4518:5t3h2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslearn wisdom0The abstract word “wisdom refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4528:5bg5ryou must get an understanding mind0Alternate translation: “you must begin to understand things with your mind”
4538:6uv73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewhen my lips open0Here “lips” represents a persons mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4548:6a3zkupright0proper or just
4558:7s9bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy mouth speaks0Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4568:7f6mpwhat is trustworthy0Alternate translation: “what people should believe”
4578:7juy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewickedness is disgusting to my lips0Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4588:7hz9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswickedness0Here, **wickedness** represents wicked speech. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4598:8am3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe words of my mouth0The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4608:8btx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphornothing twisted0Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4618:9nn5rstraight0honest and clear
4628:9jyh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy words are upright for those who find knowledge0This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speakers words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4638:9f1c2upright0true and honest
4648:10w8ksAcquire my instruction rather than silver0Alternate translation: “You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
4658:11wl6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsFor Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her0Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
4668:12mj24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI, Wisdom, live with Prudence0Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4678:12b8xjPrudence0caution or good judgment
4688:12jk94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI possess knowledge and discretion0The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4698:12xcu8discretion0being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
4708:13rf21perverted speech0Alternate translation: “wicked talk”
4718:13gp8gperverted0turned from what is right
4728:14cnc2good advice0Alternate translation: “wise suggestions”
4738:14guc9advice0counsel that is given to help someone
4748:14sne9sound0good, reliable
4758:14w3jurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI am insight0Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4768:16hg7enobles0noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
4778:17xz9hlove0This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
4788:17e3jrdiligently0with careful and continued effort
4798:18k7hfWith me are riches and honor0Alternate translation: “I have riches and honor”
4808:18a275rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phraseslasting wealth and righteousness0This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
4818:18q481righteousness0Alternate translation: “the ability to live in a right way”
4828:19eyc2My fruit0what wisdom produces or causes
4838:19rqy3my produce0the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
4848:20tks1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI walk in the path of righteousness0Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4858:20rg74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin the midst of the paths of justice0This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4868:21mg4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortreasuries0storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4878:22xu3pthe first of his deeds then0Alternate translation: “I was the first of the things he created then”
4888:23mh2dIn ages long ago0Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
4898:23v4tqages0The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
4908:23mth7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsfrom the beginnings of the earth0The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4918:25u2m1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBefore the mountains were settled0“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4928:26z5y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI was born0This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4938:26asn5was born0Alternate translation: “I was alive”
4948:27nk15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI was there0This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4958:27z8lxestablished0To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
4968:27b5dbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwhen he drew a circle on the surface of the deep0This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the oceans surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4978:27ae6ethe deep0Alternate translation: “the ocean”
4988:28wnj8established0brought into permanent being
4998:28z2v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen the springs in the deep became fixed0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5008:28zv8fthe springs in the deep0The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
5018:29pd76when he made his limit for the sea0“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
5028:29vk7fwhen there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land0The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
5038:29f3j9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5048:30ph2frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationI was beside him0This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5058:30ky7xskilled craftsman0This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
5068:30k4ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI was his delight0“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5078:30a22nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomday after day0This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5088:31pw91his whole world0Alternate translation: “the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
5098:31wnq9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe sons of mankind0This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5108:32ly1aNow0This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
5118:32hwt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationlisten to me0This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5128:32m6ibrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthose who keep my ways0Here “my ways” represents wisdoms behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5138:33ky6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesdo not neglect0“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
5148:34i55jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismwatching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors0These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of **watching** are: (1) a wise person waits outside wisdoms home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdoms house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5158:35z6lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationfinds me0This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5168:36hfn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhate me0This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5178:36yl6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe who fails0The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5188:36w73krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis own life0Here “life” represents the persons self. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5199:introy75r0# Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
5209:1m12arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5219:1s64drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationWisdom has built0The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5229:2x5swrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyShe has slaughtered her animals0This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5239:2ywr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitmixed her wine0In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5249:2h2zmshe has set her table0Alternate translation: “she has prepared her table”
5259:3p6e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5269:3akl3She has sent out her maids0These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
5279:3ugn5her maids0Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
5289:3n6hashe calls out0Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
5299:3x798the highest points of the city0The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
5309:4h6sjWho is naive? Let … the one lacking good sense0These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
5319:4dj7mis naive0Alternate translation: “is inexperienced or immature”
5329:4s4daturn aside here0Alternate translation: “leave his path and come into my house”
5339:5h6ckGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the message of Wisdom.
5349:5n3eurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youCome … eat … drink0All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
5359:5stm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe wine I have mixed0In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5369:6b9marc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youLeave … live … walk0All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
5379:6ejw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorLeave your naive actions0Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5389:6f53knaive actions0Alternate translation: “inexperienced, immature actions”
5399:6lpn8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe path of understanding0Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5409:7x5scGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the message of Wisdom.
5419:7vif7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhoever disciplines … whoever rebukes0These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5429:7kjm2a mocker0Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
5439:7m22areceives abuse0Alternate translation: “receives harsh treatment”
5449:7g88gwhoever rebukes0Alternate translation: “whoever corrects”
5459:8fpc4Do not reprove0Alternate translation: “Do not correct”
5469:9c8r2Give to a wise person, and he … teach a righteous person, and he0These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
5479:9y95jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGive to a wise person … teach a righteous person0These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5489:9n1f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitGive to a wise person0This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5499:10s7rgGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses finish the message of Wisdom.
5509:10l6ylThe fear of Yahweh0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
5519:11uv8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethrough me your days will be multiplied0This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5529:11wpx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationthrough me0Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5539:11rk9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismyour days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5549:11u5qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryears of life will be added to you0Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5559:12z3ezIf you are wise … and if you mock0These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
5569:12zei6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will carry it0This speaks of the consequence of ones bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5579:13q38drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5589:13ix9arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe woman of foolishness0It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5599:13lbv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismshe is untaught and knows nothing0These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5609:13tk38she is untaught0Alternate translation: “she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
5619:15cqd1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwalking straight on their way0This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5629:16ck1nis naive0Alternate translation: “is inexperienced or immature”
5639:16rs92turn aside here0Alternate translation: “leave his path and come here”
5649:16zyq4she says0This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
5659:16lfx9those who have no sense0Alternate translation: “those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
5669:17jsi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorStolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious0The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5679:18kg4hthat the dead are there0Alternate translation: “that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
5689:18k1fhin the depths of Sheol0“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
56910:introfhy50# Proverbs 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
57010:1i2ybrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nMany verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
57110:1tab7The proverbs of Solomon0After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
57210:2ffz8accumulated0acquired over time
57310:3df3mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheYahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry0Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
57410:4e3efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA lazy hand0“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57510:4yly7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhand of the diligent0“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57610:6k7j2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomare upon the head0The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
57710:6y4mbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymouth of the wicked0The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57810:6k4dpcovers up0hides the truth
57910:7e1w8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyname0The word “name” represents a persons reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58010:8e725come to ruin0Alternate translation: “be destroyed” or “be made useless”
58110:9ps6lcrooked0not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
58210:10mi1krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionHe who winks the eye0“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
58310:10p957rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill be thrown down0A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
58410:11f47src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe mouth of the righteous0Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58510:11tv58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounthe righteous0This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
58610:11h2nyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris a water spring of life0This persons speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58710:11bz8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of the wicked covers up violence0That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58810:11elp1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mouth of the wicked0Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58910:11jt58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnounthe wicked0This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
59010:12ph1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationlove covers over0Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
59110:13n8pkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyon the lips of a discerning person0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59210:13ww93rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya rod is for the back0“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
59310:14ej72rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mouth of a fool0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59410:15fd3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis fortified city0This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59510:16im19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe wage … the profit0These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59610:17k6n3There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline0Alternate translation: “The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
59710:17st2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebut the one who rejects correction is led astray0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59810:18d6bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhas lying lips0“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59910:19zc3arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotestransgression is not lacking0This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
60010:20h1pzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe tongue of the righteous person0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60110:20pvj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris pure silver0“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60210:21h4rrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe lips of the righteous0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60310:21kp6knourish0cause them to develop or grow stronger
60410:23l951rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWickedness is a game a fool plays0A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60510:24xai5overtake0overcome someone
60610:25ci43rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe wicked are like the storm0Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
60710:25v58hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris a foundation that lasts forever0“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60810:26fk5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him0“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a persons teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
60910:26i1xhvinegar0a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
61010:27rv8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe years of the wicked0“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61110:28pds2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe years of wicked people0Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61210:30ub25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteswill never be overthrown0This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
61310:31f7hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyOut of the mouth of the righteous person0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous mans words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61410:31amx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe perverse tongue will be cut out0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
61510:32y79yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylips of the righteous person know what is acceptable0“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61610:32ay8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymouth of the wicked0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61711:introuk6v0# Proverbs 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
61811:1hzq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nMany verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
61911:1g3jtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh hates scales that are not accurate0“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62011:1pe2qbut he delights in a precise weight0Here, **precise weight** represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
62111:3rj24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
62211:4r538rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWealth is worthless on the day of wrath0The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A persons wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
62311:5lc4rmakes his way straight0Alternate translation: “has clear direction”
62411:5vhe9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
62511:6v49jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
62611:6b5vythe treacherous are trapped by their cravings0Alternate translation: “those who do evil are captured by their passions”
62711:6rhq7treacherous0ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
62811:7dz8xthe hope that was in his strength0Alternate translation: “the confidence he has in his own power”
62911:7zn33comes to nothing0Alternate translation: “disappears”
63011:8z4amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe righteous person is kept away from trouble0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
63111:8u873it comes0Alternate translation: “trouble comes”
63211:9r7vlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWith his mouth the godless0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63311:11sim1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe city becomes great0“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63411:11p4sdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the mouth of the wicked0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63511:13en2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorkeeps a matter covered0“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63611:14a9wqadvisors0those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
63711:15j2ceone who hates giving0Alternate translation: “one who refuses to give”
63811:16bvh9ruthless people0people without pity or compassion; cruel people
63911:16h7rdgrasp for wealth0Alternate translation: “are greedy for wealth”
64011:17dxp9one who0Alternate translation: “a person who”
64111:18imr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsows what is right0To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64211:18ln8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorreaps the wages of truth0To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64311:19ibb6the one who0Alternate translation: “the person who”
64411:19un2dpursues evil0Alternate translation: “chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
64511:20r5ltrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhose hearts are perverse0“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
64611:21gh2arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteswill not go unpunished0This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
64711:22y2merc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike a gold ring … without discretion0A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pigs nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
64811:22fe2pwithout discretion0Alternate translation: “without common sense” or “who is foolish”
64911:24x29nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThere is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more0This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65011:24v6x4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitone who scatters0You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65111:24gmp8will accumulate even more0Alternate translation: “will gain even more”
65211:24p1q7withholds what he should give0This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
65311:25q9vbwill prosper0Alternate translation: “will gain more”
65411:25lf1ithe one who0Alternate translation: “the generous person who” or “anyone who”
65511:26eb69the man who refuses to sell0This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
65611:26h1qprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorgood gifts crown the head of him who sells it0“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65711:27k6ugThe one who diligently seeks0the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
65811:28q218rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill fall0This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
65911:28p1e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike the leaf, righteous people will flourish0“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66011:28mf6vrighteous people will flourish0This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
66111:29p1pbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorinherit the wind0The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
66211:30q7ulrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe righteous person will be like a tree of life0A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66311:30hlz7tree of life0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
66411:31s8p9how much more0Alternate translation: “even more so”
66512:introx2lg0# Proverbs 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
66612:1ktr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe author uses [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
66712:1r7h6Whoever0Alternate translation: “Any person who”
66812:1tz7mthe one who hates correction0Alternate translation: “the person who does not want to be told what to do”
66912:1nj5fis stupid0Alternate translation: “is foolish” or “is unwise”
67012:3nly2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA person cannot be established by wickedness0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67112:3md5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcannot be uprooted0“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67212:4wh4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA worthy wife is her husbands crown0A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
67312:4ced6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileshe who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones0A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a persons life. Alternate translation: “a wifes shameful acts destroy her husbands influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
67412:6sw3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill0The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
67512:6n6s7the words of the upright keep them safe0Alternate translation: “the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
67612:6au1hthe upright0Alternate translation: “the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
67712:7qw8frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWicked people are overthrown0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67812:7t5c3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse0The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a persons ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67912:8hfu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA person is praised by how much wisdom he has0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68012:8hq69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one who makes perverse choices is despised0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68112:10uxx4is cruel0Alternate translation: “causes suffering”
68212:11wl9hworthless projects0Alternate translation: “worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
68312:12b6y1the fruit0This refers to a persons actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a persons words and actions reveal what his character is like.
68412:13ak1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAn evil person is trapped by his wicked talk0“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68512:14z5v9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyjust as the work of his hands rewards him0The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68612:15lr2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin his own eyes0This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
68712:15wlp9advice0wise suggestions
68812:16n8pris prudent0Alternate translation: “is wise” or “has good sense.”
68912:18k26nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword0The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
69012:18avt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe tongue of the wise0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69112:18mpg6brings healing0Alternate translation: “comforts and heals”
69212:19wm6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyTruthful lips last forever0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69312:19r5qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya lying tongue is only for a moment0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69412:20xs9wadvisors0those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
69512:21d4ztrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesNo ill comes0The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
69612:22x3harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh hates lying lips0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69712:23qi9mconceals his knowledge0Alternate translation: “does not tell everything he knows”
69812:24j53hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe hand of the diligent0“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69912:24ymw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill be put to forced labor0“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70012:25qts2Anxiety0uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
70112:25n82frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorweighs him down0“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70212:25z6n9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsbut a good word makes him glad0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **word**, you could express the same idea with the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
70312:27gdt7would not roast their own game0“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
70412:27vz9vprecious wealth0Alternate translation: “valuable treasure”
70513:intronh7k0# Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
70613:1ugs5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA wise son hears0Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70713:1sy9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill not listen to rebuke0Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70813:2zu98rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyFrom the fruit of his mouth0Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70913:2w883the appetite0the desire or liking for something
71013:2mgn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
71113:3xb3drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis mouth0Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71213:3bd6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoropens wide his lips0Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71313:4c7ycThe appetite … the appetite0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
71413:4z2skcraves but gets nothing0Alternate translation: “strongly desires but gets nothing”
71513:4rj8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied0Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
71613:4z1wmdiligent people0people who work with careful and continued effort
71713:5i9t2repugnant0causing a strong feeling of disgust
71813:6gt48rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationRighteousness protects those0“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
71913:6iac2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho are faultless in their path0Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72013:6r21hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationwickedness turns away those who commit sin0Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
72113:7z16hwho enriches himself0Alternate translation: “who makes himself rich”
72213:8mre8does not hear a threat0This could mean: (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
72313:9ev8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe light of righteous people rejoices0Here the light represents the righteous persons life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72413:9ibt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe lamp of wicked people will be put out0Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the persons life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
72513:10c8hyPride only breeds conflict0Alternate translation: “Pride always causes conflict”
72613:10n32qlisten to0Alternate translation: “heed” or “follow”
72713:10ujq3good advice0suggestions that are helpful and profitable
72813:11u1q4Wealth dwindles away0Alternate translation: “Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
72913:11i2l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyworking with his hand0The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73013:11j3nnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake his money grow0Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73113:12v8h6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWhen hope is postponed0Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
73213:12gfi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit breaks the heart0Breaking a persons heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
73313:12k7pfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora longing fulfilled is a tree of life0Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73413:12isa3tree of life0“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
73513:13a5vyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe who respects the commandment will be rewarded0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
73613:14uhi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfountain of life0A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73713:14h871rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsnares of death0Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73813:15r4virc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut the way of the treacherous is never-ending0Here a persons behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73913:15up13rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
74013:16g6vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora fool parades his folly0To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74113:17h4grfalls into trouble0Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
74213:17pfh6a faithful envoy0Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
74313:18m4d7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslearns from correction0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **correction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
74413:19h11iis sweet0Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy”
74513:19fv8kthe appetite0the desire or liking for something
74613:20k77zwill suffer harm0Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
74713:21ddh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationDisaster runs after sinners0“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
74813:21ecr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiverighteous people are rewarded with good0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74913:22amv1his grandchildren0Alternate translation: “the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
75013:22fi9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea sinners wealth is stored up for the righteous person0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75113:23z3pxAn unplowed field0Alternate translation: “A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
75213:23h46lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut it is swept away by injustice0“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75313:24jp8ais careful to instruct him0Alternate translation: “makes sure to instruct him”
75413:25a593he satisfies his appetite0Alternate translation: “he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
75513:25azl9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe stomach of the wicked is always hungry0Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
75614:introgbj20# Proverbs 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
75714:1r3rpbuilds her house0Alternate translation: “builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
75814:1tv3lhouse0This could mean: (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
75914:1l2y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewith her own hands0The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
76014:2qgn4The one who … the one who0Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who”
76114:2qnc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwalks uprightly0“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76214:2we9sdespises him0Alternate translation: “grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
76314:2c17iin his ways despises him0The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
76414:3a16nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mouth of … the lips of0The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
76514:3ixb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya rod for his back0The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
76614:3c2irthe wise0This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
76714:3gru7will preserve them0Alternate translation: “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
76814:4w12sthe feeding trough0A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
76914:4e3k8an abundant crop0Alternate translation: “a good harvest”
77014:4diy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the strength of an ox0“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77114:5j6d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
77214:6wm35and there is none0Alternate translation: “and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
77314:6ek6hcomes easy to0Alternate translation: “is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
77414:6xv2jthe one who is discerning0Alternate translation: “the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
77514:7ud4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyon his lips0The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77614:8e2qnthe prudent0a person who has good judgment or sense
77714:8vp9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis own way0The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77814:8vug2the folly of fools is deception0The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
77914:9m1s1when the guilt offering is sacrificed0“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
78014:9t24prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebut among the upright favor is shared0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but Gods favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78114:10xxe9its own bitterness0Alternate translation: “its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
78214:10y94dno stranger0Alternate translation: “those who do not know him”
78314:11c5yprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe tent0The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78414:11d165rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorflourish0The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78514:12y8gwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThere is a way that seems right to a man0The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78614:13n7lprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA heart can laugh0The word “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A persons feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78714:13j3ihbe in pain0Alternate translation: “experience pain” or “hurt”
78814:14a8j9The one who0Alternate translation: “The person who”
78914:14c5inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat his ways deserve0The word “ways” represents a persons conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79014:14qe8kwhat is his0Alternate translation: “what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
79114:15i558naive0inexperienced or immature
79214:15h73mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis steps0Here the idea of footsteps represents a persons behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79314:16z79vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturns away from evil0Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79414:16dy6sconfidently dismisses0Alternate translation: “boldly ignores”
79514:17yez8is quick to become angry0Alternate translation: “becomes angry quickly”
79614:18j5kvnaive0inexperienced or immature
79714:18c2qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinherit foolishness0Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79814:18aj35foolishness0The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
79914:18rq9aprudent people0Alternate translation: “wise people”
80014:18spn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorare crowned with knowledge0Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on ones head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80114:19b4i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionbow down0This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
80214:19e892rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyat the gates of the righteous0The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
80314:20h5nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe poor person is hated even by his own companions0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
80414:21fy3mThe one … the one0Alternate translation: “The person … the person”
80514:21d4gpthe poor0Alternate translation: “poor people”
80614:22m1cwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo not those who plot evil go astray?0The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80714:22ie8fwho plot evil0Alternate translation: “who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
80814:22mmn3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthose who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
80914:23k11fbut when there is only talk0Alternate translation: “but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
81014:24dc97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe crown of wise people0The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81114:24u3bwthe folly of fools0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
81214:25wkc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81314:27c8u2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfountain of life0A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81414:27r5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom the snares of death0A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81514:28vxf7the great number of his people0Alternate translation: “how many people he rules”
81614:28yp94the prince is ruined0Alternate translation: “the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
81714:29n61rthe quick-tempered0a person who is quick to become angry
81814:30lqn3A tranquil heart0Alternate translation: “A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
81914:30l819rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrots the bones0The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82014:31k67rThe one who … the one who0Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who”
82114:31b6nzcurses0This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
82214:31xhv2the poor … the needy0Alternate translation: “a poor person … a needy person”
82314:31k2tdshows favor to0Alternate translation: “is kind to” or “helps”
82414:32t8grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveis brought down by his evil actions0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
82514:33axk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWisdom rests in the heart0The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82614:33t41lthe discerning0Alternate translation: “a discerning person”
82714:33r61lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveshe lets herself be known0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
82814:33xi3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationshe0The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
82914:34dl6his a disgrace0Alternate translation: “brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
83014:35qjf7who acts prudently0Alternate translation: “who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
83114:35vi56the one who0Alternate translation: “the servant who”
83215:introl8720# Proverbs 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
83315:1x2lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA gentle answer turns away wrath0Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that persons wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that persons wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83415:1hu6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut a harsh word stirs up anger0Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83515:2w6icrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe tongue of wise people compliments knowledge0Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
83615:2sjz8compliments knowledge0Alternate translation: “makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
83715:2ncr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of fools pours out folly0The writer speaks of fools mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
83815:3w8rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe eyes of Yahweh are everywhere0Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
83915:3bw6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe evil and the good0The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
84015:4wt85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA healing tongue is a tree of life0The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84115:4eg2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya deceitful tongue crushes the spirit0The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that persons spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84215:5kix4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe who learns from correction0The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
84315:5x86tis prudent0Alternate translation: “is wise”
84415:6h7yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe earnings of the wicked person give0The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
84515:7tk6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe lips of wise people scatter knowledge about0The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84615:7wet2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochenot so the hearts of fools0This could mean: (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84715:8a5ryupright people0Alternate translation: “people who live rightly”
84815:8fci9is his delight0Alternate translation: “pleases him”
84915:9ui9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh hates the way of wicked people0The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85015:9pj1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one who pursues what is right0Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85115:10j3mwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoranyone who forsakes the way0Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85215:10jus3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe who hates correction0The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
85315:11n1e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletSheol and destruction are open before Yahweh0The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85415:11b6ifrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionhow much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?0This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
85515:11r3gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hearts of the sons of mankind0Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85615:12dl8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThe mocker resents correction0The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
85715:12f5d9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will not go to the wise0It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
85815:13b4lvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA joyful heart makes the face cheerful0Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
85915:13dm7arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcrushes the spirit0The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that persons spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86015:14d9uhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe heart of the discerning0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
86115:14k3ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe mouth of fools feeds on folly0Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86215:15r1ynAll the days of oppressed people are miserable0Alternate translation: “Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
86315:15en6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea cheerful heart has an unending feast0Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86415:15m9lgan unending feast0Alternate translation: “a feast that never ends”
86515:16iix3with confusion0Alternate translation: “with anxiety”
86615:17via5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya meal with vegetables0The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
86715:17ux23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswhere there is love0The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
86815:17m9u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea fatted calf served with hatred0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
86915:17x4f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya fatted calf0This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
87015:17vw92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswith hatred0The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
87115:18p4jirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstirs up arguments0Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **arguments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
87215:19awv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe path of the sluggard … the path of the upright0The writer speaks of a persons life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87315:19gy92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns0The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
87415:19zqz8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe path of the upright is a built-up highway0The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87515:19c95zbuilt-up highway0This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
87615:21itu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one who has understanding walks a straight path0The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87715:22p1ybPlans go wrong0Alternate translation: “Plans fail”
87815:22et1uwhere there is no advice0Alternate translation: “when there is no one to give advice”
87915:22re1sadvisors0people who give recommendations as a guide to action
88015:22q31zthey succeed0Alternate translation: “plans succeed”
88115:23wg81a pertinent reply0Alternate translation: “a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
88215:23jnm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationshow good is a timely word0This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
88315:24b9kbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe path of life leads upward … from Sheol beneath0The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88415:25h2dgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehouse0This is a synecdoche for the persons household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
88515:26h9s4the words of kindness are pure0Alternate translation: “kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
88615:28avu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers0Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
88715:28zzd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil0The writer speaks of wicked peoples mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
88815:28zr4lthe mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil0It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
88915:29nq5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh is far away from wicked people0The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89015:30msq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe light of the eyes0The writer speaks of an expression of joy on ones face as if the persons eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89115:30d2bgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochebrings joy to the heart0The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89215:30hhj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochegood news is health to the body0Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89315:31vet3you will remain among wise people0This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
89415:32l9cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslistens to correction0The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
89515:33nhk9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThe fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom0The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
89615:33t56gThe fear of Yahweh0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
89715:33w2h2humility comes before honor0This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
89816:intromu2u0# Proverbs 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
89916:1bqu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe plans of the heart belong to a person0Here the word “heart” represents the persons mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90016:1hf8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue0This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a persons plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that persons plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90116:1j1hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe answer from his tongue0The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
90216:2m6lirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAll of a persons ways are pure in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90316:2ky4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh weighs the spirits0Here the word “spirits” represents peoples desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a persons desires and motives as if he were weighing that persons spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the persons motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90416:4ccq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsiseven the wicked for the day of trouble0The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
90516:5lkb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheeveryone who has an arrogant heart0Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
90616:5cq2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesthey will not go unpunished0The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
90716:6t6t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBy covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives peoples sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
90816:6sn15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorpeople turn away from evil0The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90916:7i6tche makes0Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes”
91016:8u992a large income0Alternate translation: “earning a lot of money”
91116:8a4dxwith injustice0Alternate translation: “with wrongdoing”
91216:9wyx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIn his heart a person plans out his way0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a persons actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91316:9y8rtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh directs his steps0The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a persons plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91416:10ak2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyInsightful decisions are on the lips of a king0Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91516:10ul24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis mouth should not betray justice0The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
91616:11hb1irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHonest scales come from Yahweh0Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
91716:11c4kdall the weights in the bag are his work0Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
91816:12tie4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat is something to be despised0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
91916:12yr8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor a throne is established by doing what is right0Here the word “throne” represents the kings rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
92016:13sfa1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelips that say what is right0Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
92116:14lfm4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA kings wrath is a messenger of death0The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the kings wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92216:15av7jGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
92316:15f1prrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIn the light of a kings face is life0The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the kings face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92416:15a5n5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain0The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
92516:16rgj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationsHow much better it is to get wisdom than gold0This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
92616:16bn5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveTo get understanding should be chosen more than silver0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
92716:17ffx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe highway of upright people0The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92816:17a2qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturns away from evil0The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92916:18qp3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya haughty spirit0Here the word “spirit” represents the persons attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93016:18yz53a downfall0Alternate translation: “ruin” or “failure”
93116:19s4fkspoil0goods taken in battle
93216:20zg3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat they are taught0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93316:21lrv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe one who is wise in heart is called discerning0This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93416:21hq6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe one who is wise in heart0Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93516:21w5lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsweetness of speech0The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93616:22y5uxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorUnderstanding is a fountain of life0The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93716:23rbc8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe heart of a wise person gives0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93816:23qa4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygives insight to his mouth0Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93916:23i4qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto his lips0Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94016:24r6efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysweet to the soul0Here, **soul** could mean: (1) it represents a persons inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a persons tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a persons taste” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94116:24ye3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehealing to the bones0Here the word “bones” represent a persons body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
94216:25v8l9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThere is a way that seems right to a man0The writer speaks of a persons conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94316:25es6xbut its end is the way to death0The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
94416:26fc7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe laborers appetite works for him0The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
94516:26gb4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhis hunger urges him on0The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
94616:27r16qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA worthless person digs up mischief0The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94716:27sga2worthless0Alternate translation: “useless” or “wicked”
94816:27q5zkmischief0trouble
94916:27xs7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis speech is like a scorching fire0The writer compares the way this persons words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
95016:28x2b5a gossip0a person who gossips or spreads rumors
95116:29mk94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitA man of violence lies to his neighbor0It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
95216:29i6a5A man of violence0Alternate translation: “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
95316:29f3ddrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorleads him down a path that is not good0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95416:29m8qsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita path that is not good0The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
95516:30p1tuThe one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips0Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
95616:30wy6wwill bring evil to pass0Alternate translation: “will do evil things”
95716:31aj89rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorGray hair is a crown of glory0The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95816:31y1amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveit is gained0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95916:32x3rgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone who rules his spirit0The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96016:33ei8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe lots are cast into the lap0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
96116:33js5xthe decision is from Yahweh0This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
96217:introbr3v0# Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
96317:1ecu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto have quiet0Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96417:1p2y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisthan a house full of feasting with strife0The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
96517:3fh66rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold0This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
96617:3fi3ncrucible0a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
96717:3aq7irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh refines hearts0This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96817:4bar9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewicked lips0The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96917:4cj9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgives ear0This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
97017:4ef8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochedestructive tongue0The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97117:5a5uerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
97217:5gs4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshis Maker0This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
97317:5dj8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat misfortune0This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others misfortune” or “at other peoples troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
97417:6y71irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorare the crown of0This speaks of older peoples grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97517:6v99urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe aged0This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
97617:7i2zeEloquent speech0Alternate translation: “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
97717:7clc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemuch less are lying lips suitable for royalty0This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
97817:8mi9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileA bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it0This speaks of a persons bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
97917:8iq11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwherever he turns0Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98017:9nk6kan offense0an action or word that has hurt him
98117:9r2e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwho repeats a matter0This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98217:9s8p6alienates close friends0Alternate translation: “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
98317:10dra2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool0This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98417:10fs5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsa person who has understanding0“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
98517:10hy6ya hundred blows go0Alternate translation: “a beating of a hundred blows goes”
98617:11rz73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsseeks rebellion0The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
98717:11zqf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea cruel messenger will be sent against him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
98817:11suj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill be sent against him0To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
98917:12fk5mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea bear robbed of her cubs0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99017:12j1lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsin his foolishness0The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
99117:13p537rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationevil will never leave his house0Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the mans house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
99217:14e1bwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere0This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
99317:14al2hhas broken out0Alternate translation: “starts”or “begins”
99417:15z95aacquits0justifies, declares someone not guilty
99517:16kk5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?0This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
99617:17az6zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita brother is born for times of trouble0One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
99717:18f3ydno sense0Alternate translation: “no good judgement”
99817:18r6wnbinding promises0This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
99917:19bpz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitcauses bones to be broken0This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
100017:20a3mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho has a crooked heart0The “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100117:20s659rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhas a perverse tongue0The “tongue” represents a persons speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100217:20qjp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfalls into calamity0“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
100317:22b1n1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA cheerful heart is good medicine0This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100417:22ga2prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA cheerful heart0The “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100517:22u1vhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya broken spirit0Here the “spirit” represents a persons feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100617:22gei3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymydries up the bones0A persons bones represent their physical health and strength. If a persons bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100717:23r7p6to pervert the ways of justice0Alternate translation: “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
100817:24ba2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsets his face toward wisdom0This speaks of a persons focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100917:24r7wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe eyes of a fool are0This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
101017:24qef2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe ends of the earth0This speaks of a fools impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101117:25cn74A foolish son is a grief to his father0This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
101217:25mw1tA foolish son … and bitterness to the woman0This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
101317:25t9yjwho bore him0Alternate translation: “who gave birth to him”
101417:25lm5jbitterness0emotional pain, sorrow
101517:26lw6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesit is never good … neither is it good0These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
101617:26wfd1the righteous person0Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
101717:26s7mgflog0whip severely
101817:26dj91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswho have integrity0The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
101917:27je2brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicituses few words0This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
102017:28b5ayrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveEven a fool is thought to be wise0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
102117:28i81arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomkeeps his mouth shut0This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
102217:28q1jmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe is considered to be intelligent0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
102318:introk5qz0# Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
102418:1n34risolates himself0Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people”
102518:1vun3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationquarrels with all sound judgment0This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
102618:1r3yqsound judgment0Alternate translation: “good judgment” or “wise choices”
102718:2u731rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesA fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only0“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
102818:2ey4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbut only in revealing what is in his own heart0This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
102918:2yp8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhat is in his own heart0The contents of a persons heart refers to the persons thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
103018:3fw1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationcontempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach0Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
103118:3ps5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletshame and reproach0These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
103218:4izv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThe words of a mans mouth are deep waters; & the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream0These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise mans mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
103318:4nv82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe words of a mans mouth are deep waters0This speaks of a wise mans words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a mans mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a mans mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
103418:4mk4jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea mans mouth0Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
103518:4mn87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream0This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
103618:5fi7drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesIt is not good to … to the righteous person0These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
103718:6p2qvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA fools lips bring0Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
103818:6w2xdbring0Alternate translation: “cause”
103918:6zxu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis mouth invites a beating0This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104018:6z4iirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis mouth0Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
104118:7iwj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyA fools mouth … with his lips0Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
104218:7v6huis his ruin0Alternate translation: “will ruin him”
104318:7e4r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe ensnares himself0This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104418:8iu3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe words of a gossip are like delicious morsels0This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
104518:8vd95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionThe words of a gossip0This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
104618:8lms4morsels0small bites of food
104718:8mr15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey go down into the inner parts of the body0This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a persons mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a persons mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104818:9uih2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys0This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104918:9i66jis slack0Alternate translation: “is lazy” or “is not interested”
105018:9mch5the one who destroys the most0Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
105118:10ktq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe name of Yahweh is a strong tower0This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105218:10f4nmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe name of Yahweh0Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105318:10dtz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe righteous0This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
105418:10gkx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorruns into it and is safe0This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105518:11vhu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe wealth of the rich is his fortified city0This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105618:11bgq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe rich0This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
105718:11tz4bfortified city0a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
105818:11kei5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similein his imagination it is like a high wall0This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
105918:12r28eBefore his downfall a persons heart is proud0Alternate translation: “First a persons heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
106018:12uet1downfall0This refers to a significant decline in a persons reputation or health.
106118:12t2l5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea persons heart0Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
106218:12dy4xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshumility comes before honor0The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
106318:13cj6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsit is his folly and shame0The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
106418:14jnm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA persons spirit will survive sickness0Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
106518:14v3f4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionbut a broken spirit who can bear it?0This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106618:14b1vbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma broken spirit0This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
106718:15e4fmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe heart of the intelligent acquires0Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
106818:15p7l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe intelligent0This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
106918:15ptl8acquires0Alternate translation: “gains” or “obtains”
107018:15xwh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hearing of the wise seeks it out0Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
107118:15a1barc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wise0This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
107218:15enq3seeks it out0Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
107318:16zkj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommay open the way0Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
107418:16wr8frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombring him before0This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
107518:17ct71rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalThe first to plead his case0This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
107618:18qs89Casting the lot0Alternate translation: “Casting lots”
107718:18n3hkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitseparates strong opponents0This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
107818:19dcj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAn offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city0This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107918:19zq5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similequarreling is like the bars of a castle0This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
108018:19ef13castle0a fortified palace
108118:20qaf4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismFrom the fruit of his mouth ones stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied0These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
108218:20h4trrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe fruit of his mouth0This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108318:20p1z6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorones stomach is filled0This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108418:20r4eerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe harvest of his lips0This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
108518:20x66the is satisfied0Alternate translation: “he is pleased”
108618:21flt4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveDeath and life are controlled by the tongue0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
108718:21n65frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the tongue … love the tongue0Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
108818:21l141rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill eat its fruit0This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108918:24wg3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemany friends is brought to ruin by them0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
109018:24zc7fcomes closer than0Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
109119:intronbz80# Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
109219:1ev8nBetter is a poor person0Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person”
109319:1bpi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho walks in his integrity0This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
109419:1wj4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsis perverse in speech0The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
109519:2u1ujrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto have desire without knowledge0This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
109619:2f2purc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one who runs too fast misses the path0This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109719:3ivv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis heart rages0Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
109819:4q8uvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWealth adds many friends0This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
109919:4v5qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita poor person is separated from his friends0A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110019:5l99erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesA false witness will not go unpunished0This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110119:5i2wsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteshe who breathes out lies will not escape0This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
110219:5q13jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
110319:6gms6a generous person0someone who often gives away things
110419:6q978rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleeveryone is a friend0The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
110519:7vs3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithow much more do his friends who go far away from him!0This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110619:8ll4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyloves his own life0Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
110719:8v9e9keeps understanding0Alternate translation: “has understanding”
110819:9phm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesA false witness will not go unpunished0This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110919:9a1nmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreathes out lies0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
111019:10f4znIt is not fitting0Alternate translation: “It is not right”
111119:10pq5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsismuch less for a slave0The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
111219:11ah27Discretion makes a person slow to anger0Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
111319:11j1liDiscretion0This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
111419:11p96cit is his glory to overlook0Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
111519:11gc21to overlook0to forget on purpose
111619:12vbv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion0Here the lions roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
111719:12m29grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similebut his favor is like dew on the grass0The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
111819:13v325is ruin to his father0Alternate translation: “will ruin a father”
111919:13s1nwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water0This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112019:13l7wka quarreling wife0Alternate translation: “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
112119:14t54qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA house and wealth are inherited from parents0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
112219:14csr4prudent0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
112319:14jw8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea prudent wife is from Yahweh0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
112419:15ye6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationLaziness throws a person into a deep sleep0This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
112519:15jcb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgo hungry0This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
112619:16xr2kthe command0Alternate translation: “the command that he was taught”
112719:16v2ylguards his life0Alternate translation: “protects his life”
112819:16ik59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhis ways0This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
112919:17zw6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh0Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113019:17qx9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
113119:18nw29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwhile there is hope0This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113219:18md5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitand do not set your desire on putting him to death0This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113319:18hky1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomset your desire on putting him0This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
113419:19n85trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomA hot-tempered person0This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
113519:19f2vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommust pay the penalty0This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113619:19s1darc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitif you rescue him0“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113719:19dnq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinala second time0“another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
113819:20gby8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismListen to advice and accept instruction0These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
113919:20egn7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomListen to advice0This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114019:21c7qgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin a persons heart0Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a persons desire. Alternate translation: “in a persons mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
114119:21f82dthe purpose of Yahweh0Alternate translation: “Yahwehs purpose” or “Yahwehs plans”
114219:21q568rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthat will stand0This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114319:23x7qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHonor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied0This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114419:23h31xanyone who has it0Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
114519:23gyg5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivesatisfied and not afflicted by harm0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
114619:24wf2esluggard0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
114719:24r5yjburies his hand in the dish0“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
114819:24r3tsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will not even bring it back up to his mouth0He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114919:25svj3Strike a mocker, and the naive person0Alternate translation: “If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
115019:25k69jStrike a mocker0Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker”
115119:25zh2bnaive person0Alternate translation: “inexperienced person” or “immature person”
115219:25v49dprudent0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
115319:25m391discipline one who is discerning, and0Alternate translation: “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
115419:25wwq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe will gain knowledge0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
115519:26g233rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbrings shame and reproach0This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115619:27n4avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIf you cease to hear instruction0Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115719:27s24zyou will stray from0Alternate translation: “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
115819:27y3lnthe words of knowledge0Alternate translation: “knowledge”
115919:28d2w1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity0This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
116019:28aq9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe mouth of the wicked swallows0The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
116119:28g9y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
116219:29d4f3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsCondemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for0The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
116319:29ray2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisflogging for the backs of fools0The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
116419:29r21dflogging0beating with a whip or stick
116520:introe8g20# Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
116620:1p893rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
116720:1v7zxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWine is a mocker0Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116820:1qa7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymystrong drink is a brawler0Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116920:1c6m7a brawler0a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
117020:1ne6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhoever is led astray by drink is not wise0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117120:1g7rvby drink0Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
117220:1k4svrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesis not wise0This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
117320:2p628rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring0This compares how people fear a kings wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The kings wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
117420:2xa6xmakes him angry0Alternate translation: “makes the king angry”
117520:2rl5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismforfeits his life0This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
117620:3ru7hIt is an honor0“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
117720:3gf5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorevery fool jumps into an argument0This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117820:4cva3plow0to prepare land for planting
117920:4tdr6in autumn0Alternate translation: “during the season for planting crops”
118020:4z5wirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbut will have nothing0This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
118120:5f8derc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe purpose in a human heart is like deep water0This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a persons actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
118220:5qr3jsomeone with understanding0Alternate translation: “a person who has understanding”
118320:5fk7wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill draw it out0This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118420:6lmq9is loyal0Alternate translation: “is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
118520:6xut9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionbut who can find one who is faithful?0The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
118620:7s7thrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwalks in his integrity0Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
118720:7y2edrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithis sons who follow after him0This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
118820:8j9uprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him0This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118920:9p5m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”?0The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
119020:9s43mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy heart0Here a persons “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119120:9d5hxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorclean0A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119220:9xb5xI am clean from my sin0Alternate translation: “I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
119320:11yym3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveEven a youth is known by his actions0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
119420:11m4dbwhether his conduct is pure and upright0Alternate translation: “whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
119520:11xm83his conduct0Alternate translation: “his deeds” or “what he does”
119620:11we5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletpure and upright0These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
119720:13h9etrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcome to poverty0The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
119820:13ee3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyopen your eyes0Here “opening ones eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119920:14zh4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit“Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts0Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Bad! Bad! says the buyer criticizing the sellers wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
120020:15cv2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlips of knowledge are a precious jewel0This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120120:15tt4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylips of knowledge0Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120220:16sn35rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitTake a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger0When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
120320:16cv1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomputs up security0This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
120420:16e647rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhold it in pledge0This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
120520:17zi4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBread gained by deceit0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
120620:17gjt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsby deceit0The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
120720:17lnt5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyBread0Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120820:17fz1itastes sweet0Alternate translation: “tastes good”
120920:17tu5arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut afterward his mouth will be full of gravel0This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121020:17du9wgravel0small pieces of rock
121120:18mjl4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivePlans are established by advice0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
121220:19i4chA gossip0This means someone who gossips a lot.
121320:19i2mbyou should not associate with0Alternate translation: “you should not be friends with”
121420:20v9ffIf a person curses0This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
121520:20el23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness0This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121620:20e6a4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis lamp will be snuffed out0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
121720:20un31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis lamp0This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamps flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
121820:20a13asnuffed out0to cause a flame to go out
121920:21mk5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat the beginning0This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
122020:22pj94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will pay you back0This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
122120:22ti5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWait for Yahweh0This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
122220:23x2rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
122320:24re6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA persons steps are directed by Yahweh0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a persons steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
122420:24i9ejrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA persons steps0This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A persons actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
122520:24mfy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionhow then can he understand his way?0The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
122620:24s44trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomunderstand his way0This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the persons life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
122720:25qfw5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIt is a snare0This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122820:25x37xto say rashly0to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
122920:25tt8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitmaking his vow0The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
123020:26cgd9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwinnows the wicked0This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123120:26m44hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
123220:26rs2yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe turns a threshing wheel over them0This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123320:26sy6bthreshing wheel0“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
123420:27x5vxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts0This speaks of a persons spirit as if it were a lamp. A persons spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123520:28f9herc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveCovenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
123620:28dyd6preserve the king0keep the king safe from harm
123720:28dym8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis throne is made secure by love0Here “throne” represents the kings power to rule. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123820:30g7u1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismBlows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean0Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123921:introge8s0# Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
124021:1w5mdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe kings heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh0The writer speaks of the kings heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the kings heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124121:1t1m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe kings heart0The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The kings thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
124221:2yz3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorEvery persons way is right in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124321:2xmb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho weighs the hearts0The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
124421:3qs6tTo do what is right0Alternate translation: “To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
124521:3ezq6To do what is … just0Alternate translation: “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
124621:3f31fjust is more acceptable to Yahweh0Alternate translation: “just—Yahweh wants this more”
124721:4ps7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHaughty eyes and a proud heart0The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
124821:4xvr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHaughty eyes0This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
124921:4gk4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheproud heart0This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
125021:4y68urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe lamp of the wicked0The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125121:5mmd8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe diligent0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
125221:5xi4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounscomes only to poverty0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
125321:6vsi8Acquiring riches0Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth”
125421:6bc5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya lying tongue0The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
125521:6w3kdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora fleeting vapor0The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125621:6l9agrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora snare that kills0The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunters trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
125721:7zn7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe violence of the wicked will drag them away0The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
125821:7ce4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsviolence of the wicked0Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
125921:7i5j5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitdrag them away0This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126021:8qgr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe way of a guilty person is crooked0This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126121:8y9c2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcrooked0Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126221:9gff3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita corner of the roof0Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
126321:9j9e1quarrelsome wife0Alternate translation: “wife who often argues and complains”
126421:10x3rsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe appetite of the wicked craves evil0The writer speaks of a persons appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
126521:10a2dzcraves0desires strongly
126621:10d5qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhis neighbor finds no favor in his eyes0The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a persons thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126721:11rd8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhen the mocker is punished0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
126821:11a11rthe naive0Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
126921:11a6a5the mocker0Alternate translation: “the person who mocks others”
127021:11m512rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen the wise person is instructed0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127121:11ylu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlays hold of knowledge0Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127221:12t3bjThe righteous0This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
127321:12bc3uwatches the house0Alternate translation: “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
127421:12tem1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe brings wicked people to disaster0Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127521:13uc5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
127621:13iv38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe will not be answered0The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127721:14h1vzappeases anger0Alternate translation: “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
127821:15p2lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsWhen justice is done0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127921:16cj4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwanders from the way of understanding0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128021:16t6m2he will rest in the assembly of the dead0Alternate translation: “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
128121:18mh2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris ransom for0The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
128221:18qt7kthe treacherous0a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
128321:18n28nupright people0Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
128421:20r84prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjwise0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
128521:20nw25swallows it all up0Alternate translation: “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
128621:22d84jscales the city0Alternate translation: “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
128721:22v5jkthe city of the mighty ones0Alternate translation: “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
128821:22p6cmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe brings down0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128921:22w292the stronghold in which they trusted0Alternate translation: “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
129021:23xw3qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletWhoever guards his mouth and tongue0Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
129121:24c77jThe proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride0Alternate translation: “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
129221:24m76arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletproud and haughty0These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
129321:24rf25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy“Mocker” is his name0The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
129421:25pzb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe desire of the lazy kills him0The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
129521:25dt4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis hands refuse0The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
129621:26vgt6craves0desires strongly
129721:26es9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesgives and does not hold back0The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
129821:27fq9aThe sacrifice of the wicked is detestable0The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
129921:27l3lerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
130021:27iy31it is even more detestable0Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
130121:28h8d4will speak for all time0This is because people will never forget what he said.
130221:29z6tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommakes his face hard0This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
130321:29ts1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris certain about his ways0A persons actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130421:30n8ktrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThere is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that0The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
130521:30k3pestand against Yahweh0Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
130621:31j1hqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe horse is prepared for the day of battle0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
130721:31i6w8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe day of battle0The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
130822:introt5zj0# Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
130922:1but9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA good name is to be chosen over great riches0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131022:1m8c7A good name0Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person”
131122:3nt9pA prudent man0“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
131222:3cm2athe naive0Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature”
131322:5e8f6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse0The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131422:5r2h1snares0traps to catch animals
131522:5dku9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe perverse0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
131622:5f1aprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhoever guards his life0A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131722:6je4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe way he should go0How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131822:7dk14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitborrows … lends0You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
131922:8l36jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe who sows injustice will reap trouble0The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132022:8htf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe rod of his fury will fade away0The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132122:8yu9grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyrod of his fury0The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132222:8kpt4will fade away0The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
132322:9nxi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe one who has a generous eye will be blessed0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
132422:9zhf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyone who has a generous eye0The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
132522:9vs46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybread0Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132622:10t6ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsdisputes and insults will cease0The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
132722:11xzb6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheloves a pure heart0It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
132822:11tlq4is gracious0Alternate translation: “is kind”
132922:12swt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe eyes of Yahweh keep watch over0The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
133022:12s2lrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymykeep watch over knowledge0Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
133122:12zw3lhe overthrows0Alternate translation: “he destroys”
133222:12q7ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
133322:13jg67The lazy person says0The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
133422:14eq5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit0The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133522:14xrc5an adulteress0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
133622:14l326rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahwehs anger is stirred up0Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
133722:14fin1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfalls into it0Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133822:15fuj4Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child0Alternate translation: “The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
133922:15j283rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe rod of discipline0The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
134022:15dk18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordrives it far away0The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134122:16w7rcto increase his wealth0Alternate translation: “to become richer” or “to gain more money”
134222:16fm7fgives to rich people0Alternate translation: “gives money to rich people”
134322:16d4tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill come to poverty0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
134422:17nnv4General Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
134522:17lgs9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheIncline your ear and listen0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134622:17l38xthe words of the wise0Alternate translation: “what wise people say”
134722:17pi8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomapply your heart to0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
134822:17i9n2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsmy knowledge0The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
134922:18nl9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall of them are ready on your lips0The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135022:19wr39today—even to you0“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
135122:20bb5sGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
135222:20q77crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariantsthirty sayings0Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
135322:21q8xurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionto teach you … who sent you?0These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
135422:21l5jfto those who sent you0This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
135522:22y27sGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
135622:22aq5tDo not rob … or crush0If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
135722:22su1vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
135822:22tq59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcrush0grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135922:22ws7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe needy0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
136022:22z1iarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyat the gate0The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136122:23a2vprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh will plead their case0The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136222:23m5k2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will rob of life those who robbed them0Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136322:24cpi3General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
136422:24w16mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsomeone who is ruled by anger0someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136522:24cc8zrages0shows violent anger
136622:25s2i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will take bait for your soul0A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136722:25jh2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybait for your soul0The soul is a metonym for the persons life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136822:26ftq6General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
136922:26rnd6strikes hands0A person would strike his hand against another persons hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someones debts.
137022:26wt7uin making a pledge0Alternate translation: “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
137122:28tb1bGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
137222:28g63sancient0very old
137322:28djq5boundary stone0a large stone that shows where one persons land ends and another persons land begins
137422:28j4idfathers0ancestors
137522:29y4ubrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you see a man skilled at his work?0This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
137622:29e6iirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymystand before0This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
137723:introeva70# Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
137823:1z181General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
137923:2lu62rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleput a knife to your throat0Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
138023:3zfk9Do not crave0“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
138123:3zkz5his delicacies0Alternate translation: “his special and expensive food”
138223:3tjm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit is the food of lies0This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
138323:4a4vaGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
138423:4wh19Do not work too hard0Alternate translation: “Do not work so much that you are always tired”
138523:5n9hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlight upon it0land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138623:5sp17rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorit will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off0A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138723:5ryq4wings like an eagle0wings like an eagles wings
138823:6afl6General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
138923:6su9wdo not crave0“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
139023:6jtt7his delicacies0“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
139123:7lbe8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhis heart is not with you0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
139223:8aw14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleYou will vomit up the little you have eaten0This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
139323:8z3l6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou will have wasted your compliments0Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
139423:9nk6jGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
139523:9u4q5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsin the hearing of a fool0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
139623:10iha4ancient0very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
139723:10de8rboundary stone0This is a large stone to show where one persons land ends and another persons land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
139823:10a9cbencroach0This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
139923:10n6i1orphans0children whose parents are dead
140023:11p1uftheir Redeemer0Yahweh
140123:11bgi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will plead their case against you0The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140223:12w7eyGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
140323:12pgj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomApply your heart to0This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
140423:12v2r3instruction0This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
140523:12jul6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisyour ears0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
140623:12gn45to words of knowledge0Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know”
140723:13c9zsGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
140823:13qfa7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsDo not withhold instruction from a child0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140923:13r8dqwithhold0refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
141023:14jx2rrod0piece of wood
141123:14e27rIt is you who must beat him … and save his soul0“You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the childs soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
141223:14z89frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysave his soul from Sheol0If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
141323:15h5yuGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
141423:16sij3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewhen your lips speak0“Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
141523:17qz55General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
141623:17zgy6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDo not let your heart envy sinners0The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
141723:18d3fzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour hope will not be cut off0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
141823:19qj67General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
141923:19f128Hear—you!—my son0“Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
142023:19jg2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordirect your heart in the way0Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142123:20sag8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochegluttonous eaters of meat0This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
142223:21z3snrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationslumber will clothe them with rags0The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
142323:22bzi7General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
142423:22s9itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesdo not despise0This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
142523:23smm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBuy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding0Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142623:24rzg3General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
142723:24qls1The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him0Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
142823:24b6a9will be glad in him0Alternate translation: “will be glad because of him”
142923:26c77mGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
143023:26ds3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygive me your heart0The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
143123:26zdk9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelet your eyes observe0The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
143223:27b64jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismprostitute … immoral woman0There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another mans wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
143323:27y9lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora prostitute is a deep pit0The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143423:27i17lprostitute0Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
143523:27zt34deep pit … narrow well0These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
143623:27fys1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoran immoral woman is a narrow well0Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another mans wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143723:27ezr3well0a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
143823:28x4yulies in wait0stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
143923:28ll5src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe treacherous0This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
144023:29ek29General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
144123:29l7durc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes?0The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
144223:29yw3qbloodshot eyes0Alternate translation: “eyes red, like the color of blood”
144323:30kqg7Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine0These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
144423:30g2tprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismlinger over wine0spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
144523:30t96nthe mixed wine0This could mean: (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
144623:31v5x1General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
144723:32ip9zIn the last0Alternate translation: “After you drink it”
144823:32cr4nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorit bites like a serpent … it stings like an adder0The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
144923:32q4ctadder0a type of poisonous snake
145023:33qfg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheyour heart will utter perverse things0The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
145123:33d1kcperverse things0things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
145223:34s7qbGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
145323:34q7lvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlies on the top of a mast0The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
145423:34lxy2mast0the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
145523:35c4naThey hit me, & but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it.0Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
145623:35d6ejWhen will I wake up?0The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
145724:intronl8m0# Proverbs 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
145824:1d1dqGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
145924:2dw7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochetheir hearts0The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
146024:2m8pxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochetheir lips0The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
146124:2es5ltalk about trouble0Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
146224:3f9idGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
146324:3hiy4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThrough wisdom a house is built0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
146424:3q4cprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsby understanding it is established0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146524:3mq3vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyit is established0The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
146624:4ry4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBy knowledge the rooms are filled0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146724:5gah6General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
146824:5gya2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswarrior of wisdom0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
146924:5my2frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsa man of knowledge increases his strength0The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
147024:6i9sarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsby wise direction0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
147124:6e43zwage your war0Alternate translation: “fight your war”
147224:6nll1advisors0those who tell government officials what those officials should do
147324:7ten9General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
147424:7r9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtoo high for a fool0This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
147524:7e2pvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyopen his mouth0The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
147624:8f77eGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
147724:8f9l9a master of schemes0one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
147824:10xt51General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
147924:10dbq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomyour strength is small0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
148024:11t92qGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
148124:11xc8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethose who are being taken away0These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
148224:11n8k2taken away0Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
148324:11ru95staggering0walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
148424:11kl46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe slaughter0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
148524:12k5elIf you say, “Behold, & this,” does0The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, Behold, … this, but does”
148624:12akd7Behold, we0Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
148724:12yi61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestiondoes not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?0The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
148824:12cx5xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismthe one who0The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
148924:12zda4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyweighs the heart0The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149024:12pa6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionThe one who guards your life, does he not know it?0The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
149124:12m55qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill God not give to each one what he deserves?0The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
149224:13q7s6General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
149324:14p5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour hope will not be cut off0This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
149424:15i96hGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
149524:15s1wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomDo not lie in wait0The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
149624:15g6w6his home0the home of the righteous person
149724:16jrm7rises again0Alternate translation: “gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
149824:16k8lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationwicked people are brought down by calamity0The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149924:16u49krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorare brought down0This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150024:16ze9bcalamity0times when bad things happen to people and their property
150124:17rpu6General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
150224:17t9eiyour enemy falls0Alternate translation: “something bad happens to your enemy”
150324:17by2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelet not your heart be glad0This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
150424:18b18irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturn away his wrath from him0The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
150524:19yp9lGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
150624:20mmf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe lamp of wicked people will go out0The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150724:21j1frGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
150824:21vvr9Fear0a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
150924:22jzb3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionwho knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them?0The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
151024:22ub7eboth of them0these words refer to Yahweh and the king
151124:23jq5sThese also are sayings of the wise0This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
151224:23ci6na case at law0a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
151324:24lma6Whoever says to the wicked person, & will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations0The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
151424:24rfb9the wicked person … a righteous person0This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
151524:25xwv5will have delight0Alternate translation: “will be very happy”
151624:25ufh1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationgifts of goodness will come to them0Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
151724:25uy7dgifts of goodness0Alternate translation: “good things” or “blessings”
151824:26sz6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgives a kiss on the lips0A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
151924:28u5rprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywith your lips0The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
152024:29cke7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiompay him back0This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
152124:31w3gwThorns0useless plants with sharp spines
152224:31j4m7nettles0plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
152324:31chw4was broken down0Alternate translation: “had fallen down”
152424:32u9zareceived instruction0Alternate translation: “learned a lesson”
152524:34d7gxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisand poverty comes0This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest, but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
152624:34v85wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationpoverty comes marching upon you0Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
152724:34zx1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileyour needs like an armed soldier0Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
152825:introl94s0# Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
152925:2x2ecto conceal a matter0Alternate translation: “to keep some things secret”
153025:2cj4prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisbut the glory0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
153125:2dg6esearch it out0Alternate translation: “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
153225:3jtp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable0The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
153325:3b947heavens0This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
153425:4jgm1dross0the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
153525:5vvu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis throne will be established by doing0The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
153625:7w69grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitIt is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than0Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153725:7qf2zbefore a nobleman0Alternate translation: “in front of a nobleman”
153825:8t9ugrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionFor what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame?0This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153925:9lgk7your case0Alternate translation: “your disagreement”
154025:9c77ldo not disclose anothers secret0Alternate translation: “do not share your neighbors secret with other people”
154125:10fr3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivean evil report about you that cannot be silenced0Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
154225:11e2ayrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorApples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation0The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
154325:11sq35Apples of gold in settings of silver0The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
154425:11ptu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveis a word spoken0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
154525:12ir54rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear0The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
154625:12i38prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelistening ear0The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
154725:13tc4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger0Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
154825:13sxk7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe cold of snow0Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
154925:13v57asnow0white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
155025:13z9pnbrings back the life of his masters0This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
155125:14hbd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorClouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts … not give0Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155225:15v2wvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWith patience a ruler can be persuaded0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155325:15eed7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora soft tongue can break a bone0The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155425:16dc7brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155525:18r378rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileA man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow0A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155625:19p8jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileAn unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips0A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155725:20j5q4carbonate of soda0This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
155825:20ef6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitsings songs0You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
155925:20z9shrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea heavy heart0The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
156025:22eb7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomshovel coals of fire on his head0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
156125:23xj7ithe north wind0In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
156225:23z36va tongue that tells secrets0Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
156325:23gn4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheresult in angry faces0The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
156425:24siz4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita corner of the roof0Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
156525:24urg5a quarreling wife0a wife who often argues or complains
156625:25p4p8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country0Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
156725:26p3dyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people0One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
156825:26tiq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortottering before wicked people0Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
156925:26fe9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortottering0This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157025:26e13rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombefore wicked people0This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
157125:27h7jfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileIt is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor.0Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157225:27x6inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesIt is not good0This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
157325:27ea11that is like searching for honor after honor0The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” Alternate translation: “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you”
157425:28gl3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileA person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls.0Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157525:28jh45breached and without walls0Alternate translation: “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
157626:introjuh90# Proverbs 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
157726:1w8ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike snow in summer or rain in harvest0Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
157826:2kdg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileso an undeserved curse does not alight0A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157926:2mf19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivean undeserved curse0This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158026:2t3fgalight0land on someone or something
158126:3v3b7A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools0A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
158226:3le7ra bridle is for the donkey0A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkeys head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
158326:3q1bga rod is for the back of fools0In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
158426:5rz54Answer a fool and join in on his folly0Joining in on a fools folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
158526:5q48wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorso he will not become wise in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
158626:6ang1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWhoever sends a message by the hand of a fool0Here the hand represents the fools responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
158726:6ife4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcuts off his own feet0Cutting off ones own feet is an exaggeration for harming ones self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
158826:6a1zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordrinks violence0Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
158926:7h8yxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike the legs … is a proverb in the mouth of fools0The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
159026:7m6mra paralytic0a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
159126:7nq9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin the mouth of fools0Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
159226:8vhn4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittying a stone in a sling0In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
159326:8fy3ggiving honor to a fool0Alternate translation: “honoring a fool”
159426:9l82zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike a thorn … is a proverb in the mouth of fools0How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
159526:9z794rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard0This could mean: (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
159626:9q3ggrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin the mouth of fools0Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
159726:10lu8mhires a fool0Alternate translation: “gives a job to a fool”
159826:11dgd2As a dog returns to his own vomit0Alternate translation: “As a dog eats its own vomit”
159926:12cxr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you see someone who is wise in his own eyes?0This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
160026:12n43zThere is more hope for a fool than for him0Alternate translation: “A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
160126:13y1yvThe lazy person says, “There is a lion … between the open places!”0The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
160226:13xyz8There is a lion on the road0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
160326:13ufn8the open places0This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
160426:14bfi2hinges0metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
160526:14uv1drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileAs the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed0Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
160626:15j4ceputs his hand into the dish0Alternate translation: “puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
160726:15x6usrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolehe has no strength to lift it up to his mouth0This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
160826:16e6pbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men0The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
160926:17xh36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own0This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other peoples dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dogs ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
161026:17z69erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitLike one who takes hold of the ears of a dog0The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dogs ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
161126:17ul2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitis a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own0The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
161226:19kd8ethe one who deceives0Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
161326:19g1qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWas I not telling a joke?0The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
161426:20ivv3gossiper0a person who gossips a lot
161526:21l2ugrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAs charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire0What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
161626:21ud8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorkindling strife0To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161726:22ye74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe words of a gossip are like delicious morsels0This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
161826:22rb3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey go down into the inner parts of the body0This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a persons mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a persons mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161926:23i9mzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart0This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
162026:23ky5dthe glaze overlaying an earthen vessel0“the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
162126:23u5wyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheso are burning lips and an evil heart0This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
162226:23s94prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorburning lips0The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162326:23p5hfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyan evil heart0The heart represents a persons thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162426:24rhg2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordisguises his feelings with his lips0Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162526:24qu8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe lays up deceit within himself0Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
162626:25f4gfbut do not believe him0Alternate translation: “but do not believe what he says”
162726:25q7lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfor there are seven abominations in his heart0The number seven represents completeness. This could mean: (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
162826:26iv6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThough his hatred is covered with deception0This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
162926:26d99drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThough his hatred is covered with deception0Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163026:26slh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis wickedness will be exposed in the assembly0Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163126:26d2jnthe assembly0Alternate translation: “the community of Israel”
163226:27sg61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWhoever digs a pit will fall into it0It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163326:27nj1wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe stone will roll back on the one who pushed it0It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163426:28wvw9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA lying tongue hates the people it crushes0The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163526:28dfi2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea flattering mouth brings about ruin0The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. This could mean: (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
163626:28qp8aflattering0praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
163727:introec7g0# Proverbs 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
163827:1f85wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDo not boast about tomorrow0This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163927:1t368rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat a day may bring0Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164027:2cyj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisand not your own mouth … and not your own lips0The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
164127:2jhl7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisa stranger0The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
164227:3snl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe provocation of a fool is heavier than both0The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164327:3hs8dthe provocation of a fool0“the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
164427:4j57vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThere is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy?0The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
164527:4l3uicruelty0Alternate translation: “harshness”
164627:4srl1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe flood of anger0“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164727:4nh38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionbut who is able to stand before jealousy?0This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
164827:4inj9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorto stand before jealousy0Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164927:5yva8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBetter is an open rebuke0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
165027:5pz3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthan hidden love0“than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
165127:6d5v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorFaithful are the wounds caused by a friend0“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165227:6uw1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyFaithful are the wounds caused by a friend0The trustworthiness of a friends rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friends rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165327:6wzd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbut an enemy may kiss you profusely0It can be stated clearly that the enemys kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemys many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
165427:6d2u7profusely0Alternate translation: “abundantly” or “too many times”
165527:7diy7A person who has eaten to the full0Alternate translation: “A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
165627:7v4frrejects even a honeycomb0A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
165727:7aj75every bitter thing is sweet0Alternate translation: “everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
165827:8tmr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives0The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
165927:9p2m8Perfume0The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
166027:9zj6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymake the heart rejoice0Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166127:9fa3brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel0This could mean: (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friends kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166227:10c6gzyour brothers house0Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
166327:10zin1calamity0extreme troubles and misfortune
166427:11v2t7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymake my heart rejoice0Here the “heart” represents the persons feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166527:11sv31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthen I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me0Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
166627:11gm95mocks0makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
166727:12y47tA prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it0See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
166827:12jm89A prudent man0Alternate translation: “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
166927:12j5ththe naive people0Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature people”
167027:12bv11suffer0experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
167127:13l1r3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitTake a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger0When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167227:13q6circ://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho has put up security0This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
167327:13gvg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhold it in pledge0To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
167427:14xjs1Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing0Alternate translation: “If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
167527:14z5garc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat blessing will be considered to be a curse0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
167627:15bh2vquarreling0This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
167727:15caj9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe constant dripping0The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167827:15ldj6a rainy day0Alternate translation: “a day of continual rain”
167927:16e46jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similerestraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand0The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168027:16tfg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitrestraining her0“holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168127:16z86vrestraining the wind0Alternate translation: “holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
168227:17w3varc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileIron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend.0These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a mans character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
168327:18gbr2who tends0Alternate translation: “who takes care of”
168427:18d71drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one who protects his master will be honored0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
168527:19z68arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya persons heart0Here this means a persons thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168627:20nv5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbaddon0This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
168727:20c28lare never satisfied0Alternate translation: “are never filled up”
168827:20q6udrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya mans eyes0Here the “eyes” represent a mans desires. Alternate translation: “a mans desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168927:21c4r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitA crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold0This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
169027:21eg8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowncrucible0a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
169127:21eza1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownfurnace0an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
169227:21b7qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea person is tested when he is praised0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169327:22m5zvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorEven if you crush a fool … yet his foolishness will not leave him0This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169427:22ir3krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownpestle0a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
169527:23ixh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismBe sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds0These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
169627:23de7kyour flocks0Alternate translation: “flocks of sheep”
169727:23b9buyour herds0Alternate translation: “herds of goats”
169827:24v1t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDoes a crown endure for all generations?0This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
169927:24gu92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya crown0Here “crown” is a metonym for a kings rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a kings rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
170027:25n1aithe new growth appears0Alternate translation: “the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
170127:26ra5wConnecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nVerses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
170227:26dar8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThose lambs will provide your clothing0The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
170327:26j2vprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe goats will provide the price of the field0The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
170427:27q28mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitnourishment for your servant girls0The implied information is that there will also be enough goats milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goats milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
170527:27xjw4nourishment0Alternate translation: “food”
170628:introg91u0# Proverbs 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
170728:2b4c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBecause of the transgression of a land0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
170828:2qks4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe transgression of a land0This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
170928:2ivf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwith a man of understanding and knowledge0The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
171028:3tx2cwho oppresses0Alternate translation: “who severely mistreats”
171128:3pb4krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike a beating rain that leaves no food0The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
171228:3p9vxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbeating rain0This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171328:4z1ahforsake the law0Alternate translation: “forsake Gods law”
171428:4j98frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthose who keep the law0To “keep the law” means to do what Gods law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey Gods law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171528:4whf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfight against them0“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171628:5pi7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotationsEvil men0Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
171728:5t38qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsdo not understand justice0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
171828:5k5mhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthose who seek Yahweh0Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171928:5ru6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitunderstand everything0The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
172028:6q4tyIt is better for a poor person … than for a rich person0Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
172128:6pfi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwalks in his integrity0This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
172228:6jdf4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho is crooked in his ways0Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172328:7b5pvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe who keeps the law0To “keep the law” means to do what Gods law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys Gods law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172428:7h42hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsa son who has understanding0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
172528:7rh6nof gluttons0“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
172628:7q9hmshames his father0Alternate translation: “puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
172728:8uef7makes his fortune0Alternate translation: “increases his wealth”
172828:8i36gcharging too much interest0Alternate translation: “charging extra money to borrow”
172928:8tj5finterest0money paid by a borrower for the use of someone elses money
173028:8xz6igathers his wealth0Alternate translation: “brings his wealth together”
173128:8e1qzfor another0Alternate translation: “for another person”
173228:8s7xfpity0a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
173328:9w428If one0Alternate translation: “If a person”
173428:9s7cfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheturns away his ear from hearing the law0This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting Gods law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
173528:9ztw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveeven his prayer is detestable0“even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
173628:9a3bidetestable0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
173728:10hgy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhoever misleads the upright into an evil way0This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173828:10pv8zWhoever misleads … evil way will fall0Alternate translation: “If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall”
173928:10m6rzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe upright0This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
174028:10tw7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill fall into his own pit0“will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174128:10yg55rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe blameless0This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
174228:10w756will have a good inheritance0Alternate translation: “will inherit what is good”
174328:11eg7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbe wise in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174428:11pj9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswho has understanding0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
174528:11ynr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill find him out0This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
174628:12qew3When the righteous triumph0Alternate translation: “When righteous people succeed”
174728:12zkn5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwhen the wicked arise0This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
174828:12emq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe wicked0This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
174928:12g949rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitpeople are sought out0You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175028:13h8gmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhides his sins0“covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175128:13e7kwwill not prosper0Alternate translation: “will not succeed” or “will not advance”
175228:13m9fzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175328:14nh5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe one who always lives with reverence is blessed0This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175428:14ffn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslives with reverence0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
175528:14ijf7reverence0This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
175628:14ymm8whoever hardens his heart0Alternate translation: “the one who hardens his heart”
175728:14ebu1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhardens his heart0This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
175828:14l7eerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill fall into trouble0This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175928:15z8tirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileLike a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people0Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
176028:15x5l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowna charging bear0A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
176128:16et9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsThe ruler who lacks understanding0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
176228:16az95oppressor0a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
176328:16lv7nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe one who hates dishonesty0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dishonesty**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
176428:16eae9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomprolong his days0This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
176528:17rm8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe has shed someones blood0Here “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
176628:17v592fugitive0a person who is running away to avoid being captured
176728:17iz6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomuntil death0“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
176828:18nhr1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhoever walks with integrity will be kept safe0This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
176928:18u4m5Whoever0Alternate translation: “Anyone who”
177028:18f45frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwalks with integrity0This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
177128:18kvc6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe one whose way is crooked0A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177228:18x79arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill suddenly fall0What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177328:19dlk7works his land0This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
177428:19uq9zwhoever follows0Alternate translation: “anyone who follows”
177528:19t64prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfollows worthless pursuits0“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
177628:19b8y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ironywill have plenty of poverty0The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
177728:20ix4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesthe one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished0The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177828:20nt6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe one who gets rich quickly0The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
177928:21kg9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolefor a piece of bread a man will do wrong0“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
178028:21phu7do wrong0Alternate translation: “sin”
178128:22v63dA stingy man0“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
178228:22f7a8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhurries after riches0The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
178328:22mz2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiompoverty will come upon him0The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
178428:23sr8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
178528:23q2x8Whoever disciplines0Alternate translation: “If a person disciplines”
178628:23hi86disciplines0trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
178728:23k6hlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyflatters him with his tongue0The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
178828:23l9i1flatters0praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
178928:24xcp2Whoever robs0Alternate translation: “The one who robs”
179028:24qt94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationssays, “That is no sin,” he0This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
179128:24ie7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe companion of0Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
179228:25e3ceA greedy man0a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
179328:25bkj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstirs up conflict0The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
179428:26pnc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheOne who trusts in his own heart0Depending on ones self is spoken of as trusting in ones own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
179528:26dyj3whoever walks0Alternate translation: “any person who walks”
179628:26g7hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwalks in wisdom0This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
179728:27yhn4The one0Alternate translation: “The person”
179828:27y6e6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe poor0This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
179928:27iwx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteslack nothing0This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
180028:27ykd8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
180128:27cgl4whoever closes0Alternate translation: “anyone who closes”
180228:27x8x1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymycloses his eyes to0Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180328:28ku38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWhen the wicked arise0This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
180428:28xc51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolepeople hide themselves0This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
180528:28vjp8perish0This could mean: (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
180628:28pd87increase0This could mean: (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
180729:intropkl40# Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
180829:1rl7arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho stiffens his neck0A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180929:1nb5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewill be broken in a moment0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
181029:1y5ftrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbeyond healing0“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181129:2w7r2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe people sigh0The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181229:4v6durc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsby justice0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
181329:5x5x6flatters his neighbor0knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
181429:5udx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorspreading a net for his feet0The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181529:6k8iqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomIn the sin of an evil person is a trap0When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
181629:8g91src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyset a city on fire0Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181729:8vcu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturn away wrath0This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
181829:9el5ghas an argument with0Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
181929:9tzx7he rages and laughs0The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
182029:9kn5trages0This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
182129:9qmv5there will be no rest0Alternate translation: “they will not be able to settle the problem”
182229:10jbu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomseek the life of0This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
182329:12ui7kpays attention0“listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
182429:12b9esrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorall his officials will be wicked0The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
182529:13f56woppressor0a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
182629:13psq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahweh gives light to the eyes of them both0This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
182729:14x486rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis throne0The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182829:15ybi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe rod and reproof give wisdom0The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
182929:15p19zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe rod0Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
183029:15m43wreproof0When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
183129:16th5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounstransgression increases0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
183229:16ha78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe downfall of those wicked people0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183329:18s41brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one who keeps the law is blessed0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
183429:19kl1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA slave will not be corrected by words0This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
183529:20qfr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionSee a man who is hasty in his words?0The writer is using a question to get the readers attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
183629:21k1j6who pampers his slave0Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
183729:21qas4at the end of it0Alternate translation: “at the end of the slaves youth” or “when the slave is grown”
183829:21qs95there will be trouble0These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
183929:22s7harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstirs up strife0Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
184029:22ad7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma master of rage0This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
184129:23z268rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveone who has a humble spirit will be given honor0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184229:24jpz1hates his own life0Alternate translation: “becomes his own enemy”
184329:24ej5krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe hears the curse and says nothing0This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
184429:25t7d5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe fear of man makes a snare0Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
184529:25k5l2a snare0a trap that catches animals with ropes
184629:25t3gkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184729:26sa3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMany are those who seek the face of the ruler0The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
184829:26w96brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsfrom Yahweh is justice for a person0It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
184929:27c4s9detestable0a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
185030:introaud80# Proverbs 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
185130:1u8l9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAgur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal0These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
185230:1v8qtAgur son of Jakeh0This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
185330:1ic3dthe utterance0Alternate translation: “the message”
185430:1y7qfto Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal0Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
185530:2n4d9Surely0Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
185630:2ij38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI do not have the understanding of a human being0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
185730:3ln5frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsnor do I have knowledge of the Holy One0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
185830:4kw1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth?0The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
185930:4eb1bheaven0where God lives
186030:4bz7zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorgathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands0The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186130:4g4i7the hollow of his hands0the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
186230:4l4kfgathered up0brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
186330:4rce5has established all the ends of the earth0Alternate translation: “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
186430:4t7g1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat is his name, and what is the name of his son?0The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
186530:4jv39rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ironySurely you know!0The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
186630:5mna2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris tested0Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
186730:5u15zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe is a shield to those who take refuge in him0The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186830:6lu63add to his words0say more than he has said
186930:6e39xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou will be proved to be0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
187030:8v3d5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorPut vanity and lies far away from me0This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
187130:8jw32vanity0false, useless words
187230:8wk6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorGive me neither poverty nor riches0The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
187330:9vrk2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoif I have too much, I might deny you and say0This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
187430:9t24irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoif I become poor, I might steal and profane0This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
187530:9f4ahI might steal and profane the name of my God0Alternate translation: “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm Gods reputation by stealing”
187630:10rz4aslander0speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
187730:10ycc9he will curse0Alternate translation: “the servant will curse”
187830:10u5furc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou will be held guilty0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
187930:11sz6ea generation that curses … and does not bless0Alternate translation: “a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
188030:11z4bbgeneration0type or class or group
188130:12h8cqa generation that is0Alternate translation: “a generation of people that are”
188230:12dp6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoris pure in their own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
188330:12re7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey are not washed of their filth0The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
188430:12fyp5filth0This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
188530:13ey4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyeyes are raised up … their eyelids lifted up0This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
188630:14zca7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThere is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor … and the needy0The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
188730:14z22jjawbones0the bones of the face where teeth grow
188830:15yr92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe leech has two daughters0This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
188930:15ik61leech0a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
189030:15n8v60Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.” Alternate translation: “Give and give”
189130:15snu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetryThere are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough”0This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, Enough” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
189230:15xlu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesare never satisfied0This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
189330:16d8p5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationland that is never satisfied with water0Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
189430:17hr1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsscorns obedience to a mother0The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189530:17pr2uhis eyes … the vultures0The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
189630:17l9a8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
189730:17x3vsravens0large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
189830:17sxz9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe will be eaten by the vultures0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
189930:17k8jevultures0any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
190030:18njh2There are three things that are … four that I do not understand:0The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
190130:19u9rprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin the heart of the sea0The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190230:20h26krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismshe eats and she wipes her mouth0This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190330:21s3e3Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up0The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
190430:22xv9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea fool when he is filled with food0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
190530:23l8m1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea hated woman when she marries0That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
190630:23dwd5takes the place of her mistress0rules the household
190730:26p11prock badgers0an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
190830:28l4zblizard0a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
190930:29u31fThere are three things that are … four that are stately in how they walk0The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
191030:29dc44stately0majestic or dignified, like a king
191130:31e3z8strutting rooster0an adult male chicken that walks proudly
191230:33kgm4churning0strongly stirring
191330:33nj7pbutter0Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
191431:introdd9p0# Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
191531:2nw5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows?0The rhetorical question **What** could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
191631:2ag7fmy son … son of my womb … son of my vows0The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
191731:2ye5fson of my womb0The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
191831:2p2hhson of my vows0Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the mothers marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
191931:3irw8Do not give your strength to women0“Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
192031:3tuq5or your ways to those who destroy kings0Alternate translation: “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
192131:3j3ytyour ways0This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
192231:3v8umthose who destroy kings0probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
192331:4s8mwLemuel0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
192431:5ex8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat has been decreed0This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
192531:5w2jvpervert the rights of all the afflicted0Alternate translation: “deny afflicted people their legal rights”
192631:5y3dspervert0exchange good for evil
192731:5mdn6all the afflicted0Alternate translation: “all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
192831:6q63src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisand wine0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
192931:6i7g7in bitter distress0Alternate translation: “whos souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
193031:7f15vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshis poverty0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
193131:7cb4brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshis trouble0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trouble**, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
193231:8r3tlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomSpeak for those who cannot speak0Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
193331:8mxp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor the causes of all who are perishing0The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
193431:8e1y9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisfor the causes0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
193531:9yc2mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletpoor and needy people0These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
193631:10ufh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho can find a capable wife?0The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
193731:10v97sHer value is far more than jewels0Alternate translation: “She is more precious than jewels”
193831:11i7unrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteshe will never be poor0This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
193931:13usy5wool0sheeps hair that is used to make cloth
194031:13xs1vflax0a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
194131:13n9qrwith the delight of her hands0Possible meanings are that the word **delight** describes: (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
194231:14h984merchant0someone who buys and sells
194331:15ry3tdistributes the work for her female servants0Alternate translation: “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
194431:16fgc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe fruit of her hands0The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
194531:17vv53rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomShe dresses herself with strength0Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
194631:17fn86makes her arms strong0Alternate translation: “she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
194731:18d4npperceives0sees by looking carefully
194831:18jpw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleall night long her lamp is not extinguished0This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
194931:19d3ivspindle0a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
195031:20en6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyreaches out with her hand to poor0The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195131:20s1wereaches out with her hands to0These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md).
195231:21tt96rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyare clothed in scarlet0Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195331:21ail4scarlet0The color red, but with a hint of orange.
195431:22a3x1linen0cloth made of flax yarn
195531:23ra37rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHer husband is known0This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195631:23dbz1when he sits with the elders of the land0to make laws and settle arguments
195731:24d6wilinen0cloth made from flax yarn
195831:24ghw5sashes0long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
195931:25k3birc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorShe is clothed with strength and honor0Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
196031:25a29grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolelaughs at the time to come0This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
196131:26lb6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyopens her mouth with wisdom0The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
196231:26q9jlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe law of kindness is on her tongue0The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196331:27uqe6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwatches over the ways of her household0The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
196431:27ynb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomdoes not eat the bread of idleness0To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
196531:27j79lidleness0doing nothing and being lazy
196631:28hq5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyrise up and0This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196731:28lqv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationscall her blessed0saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
196831:29fl85you surpassed0Alternate translation: “you have done better than”
196931:30e8cjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsElegance is deceptive0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **elegance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
197031:30qcq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsbeauty is vain0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
197131:30k9e4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveshe will be praised0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
197231:31df11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe fruit of her hands0The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
197331:31ef6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylet her works praise her in the gates0She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])