unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_54-2TH.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2TH	front	intro	krd6			0		# Introduction to 2 Thessalonians<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 2 Thessalonians<br><br>1. Greetings and thanksgiving (1:1-3)<br>1. Christians suffering from persecution<br>    * They are worthy of the kingdom of God and of his promise of relief from trials (1:4-7)<br>    * God will judge those who persecute Christians (1:8-12)<br>1. Some believers’ misunderstanding about the second coming of Christ<br>    * Christ’s return has not yet happened (2:1-2)<br>    * Instruction about the events that will precede the return of Christ (2:3-12)<br>1. Paul’s confidence that God will save the Thessalonian Christians<br>    * His call to “stand firm” (2:13-15)<br>    * His prayer that God will comfort them (2:16-17)<br>1. Paul requests that the Thessalonian believers pray for him (3:1-5)<br>1. Paul give commands about idle believers (3:6-15)<br>1. Closing (3:16-17)<br><br>### Who wrote 2 Thessalonians?<br><br>Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while staying in the city of Corinth.<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Thessalonians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica. He encouraged the believers because they were being persecuted. He told them to continue living in a way that pleased God. And he wanted to teach them again about Christ’s return.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Thessalonians” or “Second Thessalonians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to the Church in Thessalonica,” or “The Second Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the “second coming” of Jesus?<br><br>Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus’ eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation. And he will cause there to be peace everywhere. Paul also explained that a “man of lawlessness” will come before Christ’s return. This person will obey Satan and cause many people to oppose God. But Jesus will destroy this person when he returns.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br>* “and the man of lawlessness is revealed” (2:3). The ULT, UST, and most modern versions read this way. Older versions have, “and the man of sin is revealed.”<br>* “For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation” (2:13) The ULT, UST, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, “For God chose you from the first for salvation.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
2TH	1	intro	m987			0		# 2 Thessalonians 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Verses 1-2 formally introduce this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in verses 4-5: “We talk about your patience and faith in all your persecutions. We talk about the afflictions that you endure. This is a sign of God’s righteous judgment.” People would not normally think that believing in God while being persecuted is a sign of God’s righteous judgment. But in verses 5-10, Paul explains how God will reward those who believe in him and how he will judge those who afflict them. ([2 Thessalonians 1:4-5](./04.md))
2TH	1	1	b6vf			0	General Information:	Paul is the author of this letter, but he includes Silvanus and Timothy as senders of the letter. He begins by greeting the church at Thessalonica.
2TH	1	1	nrxt	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The words “we” and “us” refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2TH	1	1	x4lj	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word “you” is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2TH	1	1	hm3e		Σιλουανὸς	1	Silvanus	**Silvanus** is the Latin form of “Silas.” He is the same person listed in the book of Acts as Paul’s fellow traveler.
2TH	1	2	g6rb		χάρις ὑμῖν	1	Grace to you	Paul commonly uses this greeting in his letters.
2TH	1	3	m6z5			0	General Information:	Paul gives thanks for the believers in Thessalonica.
2TH	1	3	ea59	figs-hyperbole	εὐχαριστεῖν ὀφείλομεν τῷ Θεῷ πάντοτε	1	We ought always to give thanks to God	Paul uses **always** as a generalization meaning “often” or “regularly.” The sentence emphasizes the greatness of what God is doing in the lives of the Thessalonian believers. Alternate translation: “We should often give thanks to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2TH	1	3	h6t9	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TH	1	3	u3m8		καθὼς ἄξιόν ἐστιν	1	just as it is fitting	Alternate translation: “for it is the right thing to do”
2TH	1	3	xy7k		πλεονάζει ἡ ἀγάπη ἑνὸς ἑκάστου, πάντων ὑμῶν, εἰς ἀλλήλους	1	the love of each one of you all for one another is increasing	Alternate translation: “you sincerely love one another more and more”
2TH	1	3	bmn6		ἀλλήλους	1	one another	Here, **one another** means fellow Christians.
2TH	1	4	kx1n	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς	1	we ourselves	Here, **ourselves** is used to emphasize Paul’s boasting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2TH	1	5	dad9	figs-activepassive	εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for you to be considered worthy of the kingdom of God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will consider you worthy to be part of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	1	6	wrg2			0	Connecting Statement:	As Paul continues, he talks about God being just.
2TH	1	6	cxx1		εἴπερ δίκαιον παρὰ Θεῷ	1	if indeed it is righteous for God	Alternate translation: “for God is certainly right” or “because God is just”
2TH	1	6	id3i	figs-metaphor	παρὰ Θεῷ, ἀνταποδοῦναι τοῖς θλίβουσιν ὑμᾶς θλῖψιν	1	for God to return affliction to those who are afflicting you	Here, **to return** is a metaphor that means to cause someone to experience the same thing they did to someone else. Alternate translation: “for God to afflict those who are afflicting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	1	7	hxy2	figs-metaphor	καὶ ὑμῖν…ἄνεσιν	1	and relief to you	These words continue the description of what God is right “to return” to people (verse 6). This is a metaphor that means to cause someone to experience the same thing they did to someone else. Alternate translation: “and to relieve you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	1	7	lu43	figs-ellipsis	ὑμῖν…ἄνεσιν	1	relief to you	You can make it explicit that God is the one who provides relief. Alternate translation: “for God to provide relief to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2TH	1	7	yix7		ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ	1	his mighty angels	Alternate translation: “his powerful angels”
2TH	1	8	y3uv		ἐν πυρὶ φλογός διδόντος ἐκδίκησιν τοῖς μὴ εἰδόσι Θεὸν	1	in flaming fire taking vengeance on those who have not known God	Alternate translation: “he will punish with blazing fire those who do not know God” or “then with blazing fire he will punish those who do not know God”
2TH	1	9	plw5	figs-activepassive	οἵτινες δίκην τίσουσιν ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον	1	who will pay the penalty—eternal destruction	Here, **who** refers to the people who do not obey the gospel. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will punish them with eternal destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	1	10	ugk9		ὅταν ἔλθῃ…ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ	1	when he comes on that day	Here, **that day** is the day when Jesus will return to the world.
2TH	1	10	bi2u	figs-activepassive	ἐνδοξασθῆναι ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ θαυμασθῆναι ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς πιστεύσασιν	1	to be glorified by his saints and to be marveled at by all those who have believed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when his people will glorify him and all those who believed will stand in awe of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	1	11	ik19	figs-hyperbole	καὶ προσευχόμεθα πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν	1	we also pray always for you	Paul is using **always** as an exaggeration in order to emphasize how often he prays for them. Alternate translation: “we also pray regularly for you” or “we continue to pray for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2TH	1	11	hiv9		τῆς κλήσεως	1	of your calling	Here, **calling** refers to God appointing or choosing people to be his children and servants, and to proclaim his message of salvation through Jesus.
2TH	1	11	r8gk		πληρώσῃ πᾶσαν εὐδοκίαν ἀγαθωσύνης	1	he may fulfill every desire of goodness	Alternate translation: “he would make you able to do good in every way that you desire”
2TH	1	12	q994	figs-activepassive	ὅπως ἐνδοξασθῇ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ, ἐν ὑμῖν	1	so that the name of our Lord Jesus might be glorified in you	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you would glorify the name of our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	1	12	pg2i	figs-activepassive	καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ	1	and you in him	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and Jesus will glorify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	1	12	z8k9		κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν	1	according to the grace of our God	Alternate translation: “because of God’s grace”
2TH	2	intro	jq9r			0		# 2 Thessalonians 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Being gathered together to be with him”<br><br>This passage refers to a time when Jesus calls to himself those who have believed in him. Scholars differ on whether or not this refers to Christ’s final glorious return. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Man of lawlessness<br><br>This is the same as “son of destruction” and “lawless one” in this chapter. Paul associates him with Satan actively working in the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]])<br><br>### Sits in the temple of God<br><br>Paul could be referring to the Jerusalem temple that the Romans destroyed several years after he wrote this letter. Or he could be referring to a future physical temple, or to the church as the spiritual temple of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	2	1	r36t			0	General Information:	Paul exhorts believers not to be deceived about the day Jesus will come back.
2TH	2	1	q1uq		δὲ	1	Now	The word **Now** marks a change of topic in Paul’s instructions.
2TH	2	1	cvg5	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TH	2	2	b8b2		εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς, μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι	1	for you not to be quickly shaken in your mind nor to be troubled	Alternate translation: “so that you do not easily let yourselves be disturbed in your thinking”
2TH	2	2	d334		διὰ πνεύματος, μήτε διὰ λόγου, μήτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς, ὡς δι’ ἡμῶν	1	by a spirit, nor by a word, nor by a letter as if from us	Alternate translation: “by a spirit or a spoken word or by written letter that pretends to be coming from us”
2TH	2	2	k4dk		ὡς ὅτι	1	as if that	Alternate translation: “saying that”
2TH	2	2	ib6m		ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου	1	the day of the Lord	Here, **the day of the Lord** refers to the time when Jesus will come back to the earth for all believers.
2TH	2	3	l9c5			0	General Information:	Paul teaches about the man of lawlessness.
2TH	2	3	ej66		μὴ ἔλθῃ	1	it may not come	Alternate translation: “the day of the Lord will not come”
2TH	2	3	y7ch		ἡ ἀποστασία	1	the apostacy	Here, **the apostacy** refers to a future time when many people will turn away from God.
2TH	2	3	e86v	figs-activepassive	ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας	1	the man of lawlessness may be revealed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God reveals the man of lawlessness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	3	tkg9	figs-metaphor	ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας	1	the son of destruction	Paul speaks of **destruction** as a person who bore a **son** whose goal is to totally destroy everything. Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything he can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	2	4	t485	figs-activepassive	πάντα λεγόμενον θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα	1	everything being called god or an object of worship	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that people consider to be God or everything that people worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	4	wj33		ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν Θεός	1	showing that he himself is God	Alternate translation: “showing himself as God”
2TH	2	5	rsz1	figs-rquestion	οὐ μνημονεύετε…ταῦτα	1	Do you not remember … these things?	Paul uses a rhetorical question to remind them of his teaching when he was with them previously. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am sure you remember … these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2TH	2	5	lkk7		ταῦτα	1	these things	Here, **these things** refers to the return of Jesus, the day of the Lord, and the man of lawlessness.
2TH	2	6	ask4	figs-activepassive	τὸ ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ καιρῷ	1	he is revealed in his time	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will reveal the man of lawlessness when the time is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	7	si9i		μυστήριον…τῆς ἀνομίας	1	mystery of lawlessness	Here, **the mystery of lawlessness** refers to a sacred secret that only God knows.
2TH	2	7	fcu7		ὁ κατέχων	1	the one who restrains him	To restrain someone is to hold them back or to keep them from doing what they want to do.
2TH	2	8	hn67	figs-activepassive	καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος	1	and then the lawless one will be revealed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and then God will allow the lawless one to show himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	8	vay9	figs-metonymy	τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ	1	with the breath of his mouth	Here, **breath** represents the power of God. Alternate translation: “by the power of his spoken word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TH	2	8	hy3y		καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ	1	and will bring to nothing by the appearance of his coming	When Jesus returns to earth and shows himself, he will defeat the **lawless one**.
2TH	2	9	bd5m		ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει, καὶ σημείοις, καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους	1	with all power, and signs, and false wonders	Alternate translation: “with all kinds of power, and signs, and false wonders”
2TH	2	10	tf75		ἐν πάσῃ ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας	1	in all deceit of unrighteousness	This person will use every sort of evil to deceive people to believe in him instead of God.
2TH	2	10	v366		τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις	1	to those who are perishing	This man who is given power by Satan will deceive everyone who did not believe in Jesus.
2TH	2	10	pf48		ἀπολλυμένοις	1	who are perishing	Here, **perishing** has the concept of everlasting or eternal destruction.
2TH	2	11	sj1v		διὰ τοῦτο	1	because of this	Alternate translation: “because the people do not love the truth”
2TH	2	11	en8e	figs-metaphor	πέμπει αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης, εἰς τὸ πιστεῦσαι αὐτοὺς τῷ ψεύδει	1	God is sending them a working of error for them to believe the lie	Paul is speaking of **God** allowing something to happen to people as if he is **sending them** something. Alternate translation: “God is allowing the man of lawlessness to deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	2	12	d63e	figs-activepassive	κριθῶσιν πάντες	1	they might all be judged	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will judge all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	12	pkw8		οἱ μὴ πιστεύσαντες τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἀλλὰ εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ	1	those who have not believed the truth, but have taken pleasure in unrighteousness	Alternate translation: “those who took pleasure in unrighteousness because they did not believe the truth”
2TH	2	13	w83a			0	General Information:	If you are using section headings, you could put one here before verse 13. Suggested heading: “Paul gives thanks to God for the believers and encourages them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/checking/headings]])
2TH	2	13	bcd5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul now changes topics.
2TH	2	13	b3hh		δὲ	1	Now	Paul here uses the word **Now** to mark a change in topic. You can use a natural way in your language to indicate/show that this is a new section.
2TH	2	13	dze5	figs-hyperbole	ἡμεῖς…ὀφείλομεν εὐχαριστεῖν…πάντοτε	1	we ought always to give thanks	The word **always** is a generalization. This is used to emphasize or to exaggerate the action. If this is not natural in your language, you can use the alternative renderings given. Alternate translation: “we should continually give thanks” OR “"”we must thank God at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2TH	2	13	m418		ἡμεῖς…ὀφείλομεν	1	we ought	Here, **we** refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person pronouns in your language, this should be an exclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]
2TH	2	13	ia4x	figs-activepassive	ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ Κυρίου	1	brothers having been loved by the Lord	If your language does not use this passive form, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for the Lord loves you, brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	13	v15j	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοὶ	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. If your readers understand that it is addressed only to men, you may need to use both the masculine and the feminine forms of that word in your language. If you use a non-figurative word such as “believers”, see that both the genders are addressed.Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See:  [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TH	2	13	l7a8	figs-metaphor	ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας	1	as firstfruits for salvation in sanctification of the Spirit and belief in the truth	Being among the first people to be saved is spoken of as if the Thessalonian believers are **firstfruits**.  Alternate Translation: “to be among the first people who believe” or “among the first people whom God was saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]
2TH	2	13	bpqn	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας	1	as firstfruits for salvation in sanctification of the Spirit and belief in the truth	You can change the abstract nouns **salvation**, **sanctification**, **belief**, and **truth** into verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2TH	2	14	e0gy	figs-ellipsis		1		Here, the phrase “through our gospel” does not mean that it is Paul’s gospel. It refers to the gospel that Paul and his companions preached. Alternate translation: “by means of the gospel preached to you” OR “through the gospel that we preached to you”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2TH	2	14	thmh	figs-explicit		1		The phrase “to the acquiring of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ” does not mean that we will take over or dividing up the glory of Jesus Christ. It means that the believers will share in Christ’s glory. Alternate translation: “you might share in the glory” or “you might receive glory like our Lord Jesus Christ“ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	2	15	u9ss		ἄρα οὖν, ἀδελφοί, στήκετε	1	So then, brothers, stand firm	Paul exhorts the believers to hold fast to their faith in Jesus.
2TH	2	15	l4vr	figs-metaphor	κρατεῖτε τὰς παραδόσεις	1	hold tight to the traditions	Here, **teachings** refers to the truths of Christ that Paul and the other apostles taught. Paul speaks of them as if his readers could hold on to them with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not give up believing those truths” or “continue to believe the true teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	2	15	whp8	figs-activepassive	ἐδιδάχθητε	1	you were taught	If your language does not use this passive form, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “we have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	2	15	z2vs	figs-synecdoche	εἴτε διὰ λόγου	1	whether by word or by our letter	Here, **by word** is a synecdoche which means that Paul was present there teaching them personally.  Alternate translation: “when we were with you” or “when we were talking to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2TH	2	15	jrg4	figs-explicit	εἴτε διὰ λόγου, εἴτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν	1	whether by word or by our letter	You can make clear the implicit information that **by word** means to speak to them personally. Alternate translation: “whether by what we taught you in person or by what we wrote to you in a letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	2	16	njk1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul ends with a blessing from God.
2TH	2	16	g8m1		δὲ	1	Now	Paul here uses the word **Now** to mark a change in topic.
2TH	2	16	yge9	figs-inclusive	ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν…ὁ ἀγαπήσας ἡμᾶς καὶ δοὺς	1	our Lord … who loved us and gave us	The words **our** and **us** refer to all believers including the writers. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person plural pronouns in your language, this should be an inclusive pronoun.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2TH	2	16	cm54	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς…Κύριος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς	1	our Lord Jesus Christ himself	Here, **himself** gives additional emphasis to the phrase **Lord Jesus Christ.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2TH	2	17	x3rr	figs-metonymy	παρακαλέσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας, καὶ στηρίξαι	1	may he comfort and strengthen your hearts	Here, **hearts** represents the seat of emotions. If hearts is not the seat of emotions in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “may he comfort you and strengthen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TH	2	17	yw5f	figs-synecdoche	παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ ἀγαθῷ	1	every good work and word	The phrase “work and word“ can be better expressed in verbs to make it more clear. Alternative translation:  “every good thing you do and say” or “you will do and say everything that is good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2TH	3	intro	b8hk			0		# 2 Thessalonians 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idle and lazy persons<br><br>In Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in the church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### What should you do if your brother sins?<br><br>In this chapter, Paul teaches that Christians need to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for what they do. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2TH	3	1	k33i			0	General Information:	Paul asks the believers to pray for him and his companions.
2TH	3	1	jy75		τὸ λοιπὸν	1	Finally	Paul uses the word **Finally** to mark a change in topic. This is not the final instructions that were given by Paul but it means that he is now saying about the remaining matters that were not discussed before. This can also be translated as “one more thing” or “So, continuing on.”
2TH	3	1	m1s5	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TH	3	1	v8k2	figs-exclusive		1		The pronoun **us** refers to Paul and his companions. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person pronouns in your language, this should be an exclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2TH	3	1	r54v	figs-metaphor	ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου τρέχῃ καὶ δοξάζηται, καθὼς καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	so that the word of the Lord might run and might be glorified, just as also with you	Paul speaks of God’s **word** spreading as if it were running from place to place. He is comparing the rapid spread of God’s word to a person who takes good news to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	3	1	yvkm	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου τρέχῃ καὶ δοξάζηται, καθὼς καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	so that the word of the Lord might run and might be glorified, just as also with you	You can state this in active form, if passive construction is not natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that more and more people will soon hear our message about our Lord Jesus and honor it, as happened with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	3	2	xg2h	figs-activepassive	ῥυσθῶμεν	1	we might be rescued	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God may save us” or “God may rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TH	3	2	h11p	figs-doublet		1		These two terms mean basically the same thing. If your language does not use repetition to do this or if you do not have two words for these attributes, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. A qualifier like “very” can be used as an equivalent. Alternate translation: “very wicked men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2TH	3	2	p1ct	figs-litotes	οὐ γὰρ πάντων ἡ πίστις	1	for not everyone has faith	**not everyone** is not negative but it means “some people.” If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “for only some people believe in the Lord” or “for many people do not believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2TH	3	3	yx9g	figs-explicit	ὃς στηρίξει	1	who will strengthen	strengthen here does not mean the physical strength but spiritual. This can be made clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “he will strengthen you inwardly” or “he can make you strong spiritually”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	3	3	p91k		τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	the evil one	Alternate translation: “Satan”
2TH	3	4	xk85	figs-nominaladj	πεποίθαμεν	1	we are confident	Here, the phrase “we are confident” may be confusing in some languages. If that is the case in your language, you could translate this as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “we have faith” or “we trust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2TH	3	5	giz4	figs-metonymy	ὁ…Κύριος κατευθύναι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας	1	may the Lord direct your hearts	Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or mind.  If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “may the Lord cause you to understand” or “may the Lord help you to know”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TH	3	5	wre3	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ εἰς τὴν ὑπομονὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	to the love of God and to the endurance of Christ	Paul speaks of God’s **love** and Christ’s **endurance** as if they were destinations on a path.  If your readers would not understand, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “to know how much God loves you and how much Christ has endured for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	3	6	mst3			0	General Information:	Paul gives the believers some final instructions about working and not being idle.
2TH	3	6	v33v		δὲ	1	Now	Paul here uses the word **Now** to mark a change in topic.
2TH	3	6	x9l8	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TH	3	6	y4a9	figs-metonymy	ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ	Here, **name** is a metonymy for the person of Jesus Christ. It can also mean “with the authority of.” If using this term figuratively is not clear in your language, you can express it directly. Alternate translation: “as if our Lord Jesus Christ himself were speaking” or “with the authority that our Lord Jesus Christ has given us”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TH	3	6	jvw1	figs-exclusive	τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	of our Lord	Here, **our** refers to all believers. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person plural pronouns in your language, this should be an inclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2TH	3	7	h222	figs-explicit	μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς	1	to imitate us	**to imitate** may be a difficult word to translate in your language. In that case, you can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “to act the way that my fellow workers and I act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	3	7	b1i1	figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἠτακτήσαμεν ἐν ὑμῖν	1	we did not behave disorderly among you	Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “we lived among you as those who had much discipline” or ”we were not lazy when we were with you“ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2TH	3	8	d9h1	figs-merism	νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζόμενοι	1	working night and day	Here, **night and day** are a merism and they mean “all the time.” If this means that they worked without any rest in your language, then you can make it clear. Alternate translation: “working almost all the time” or “we worked continuously/without stopping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2TH	3	8	w8fq	figs-doublet	ἐν κόπῳ καὶ μόχθῳ	1	in toil and hardship	Paul emphasizes how hard his circumstances were. The two words have similar meanings. Paul used this repetition to emphasize that they worked very hard. If you do not have two similar words you can use here, or it would be unnatural for you to use such repetition, you can use a qualifier. Alternate translation: “in very difficult circumstances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2TH	3	9	sn3k	figs-doublenegatives	οὐχ ὅτι οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν, ἀλλ’	1	not because we do not have authority, but	Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “and we certainly have the right to receive food from you, but instead we worked for our food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2TH	3	10	c652	figs-doublenegatives	εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω	1	If anyone is not willing to work, do not even let him eat	You can state this in positive form, if it is difficult to understand in your language. Alternate translation: “If a person wants to eat, he must work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2TH	3	11	ey6c	figs-metaphor	τινας περιπατοῦντας…ἀτάκτως	1	some who are walking idly	Here, **walking** stands for behavior in life. you can use an equivalent metaphor from your culture, if it is available. Otherwise, you can express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “some who are living idle lives” or “some who are being lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TH	3	11	iv1z		ἀλλὰ περιεργαζομένους	1	but meddling	Meddlers are people who interfere in the affairs of others without being asked to help.
2TH	3	12	bm6z		μετὰ ἡσυχίας	1	with quietness	Paul exhorts the meddlers to stop getting involved in other people’s affairs. Alternate translation: “in a quiet, peaceful, and mild manner”
2TH	3	13	jx8t		δέ	1	But	Paul here uses the word **But** to contrast the lazy believers with the hardworking believers.
2TH	3	13	e59v	figs-youplural	ὑμεῖς	1	you	The word **you** refers to all the Thessalonian believers. So, it should be in plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2TH	3	13	usu9	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TH	3	14	mzs4		εἰ…τις οὐχ ὑπακούει τῷ λόγῳ ἡμῶν	1	if anyone does not obey our word	Alternate translation: “if anyone does not obey our instructions”
2TH	3	14	nv3v	figs-idiom	τοῦτον σημειοῦσθε	1	note this one	Paul wants the Thessalonians to notice who this person is. Alternate translation: “publicly identify that person” or “make sure everyone knows who he is.”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2TH	3	14	y552	figs-explicit	ἵνα ἐντραπῇ	1	so that he may be put to shame	Paul instructs believers to avoid lazy believers as a disciplinary action. Sometimes, it is necessary to make this explicit to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “in order that he will know that his laziness is wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	3	16	nef4			0	General Information:	Paul makes closing remarks to the believers at Thessalonica.
2TH	3	16	whb9	figs-explicit	αὐτὸς…ὁ Κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης, δῴη ὑμῖν	1	may the Lord of peace himself give you	You can make explicit that this is Paul’s prayer for the Thessalonians. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TH	3	16	zl1s	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς…ὁ Κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης	1	the Lord of peace himself	Here, **himself** emphasizes that the Lord will personally give peace to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2TH	3	17	c2cb		ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ, Παύλου, ὅ ἐστιν σημεῖον ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ, οὕτως γράφω	1	This greeting is in my own hand—Paul—which is a sign in every letter. In this manner I write	Alternate translation: “I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which I do in every letter, as a sign that this letter is truly from me”
2TH	3	17	wg3f		οὕτως γράφω	1	In this manner I write	Paul makes it clear that this letter is from him and is not a forgery.