unfoldingWord_en_tn/tn_JDG.tsv

254 KiB
Raw Blame History

1ReferenceIDTagsSupportReferenceQuoteOccurrenceNote
2front:introv8pn0# Introduction to Judges\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Judges\n\n1. History of the judges of Israel (1:116:31)\n * Introduction (1:13:6)\n * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:731)\n * Deborah and Barak (4:15:31)\n * Gideon (6:18:35)\n * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:110:5)\n * Jephthah (10:612:7)\n * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:815)\n * Samson (13:116:31)\n1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:118:31)\n1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:121:25)\n\n### What is the Book of Judges about?\n\nThe Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.\n\nThis book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.\n\nAfter that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What kind of leaders were the judges?\n\nThese were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.\n\n### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.\n\nThese tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.\n\n### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?\n\nThis phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.\n\nThe translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the books writer is looking back into the past.\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?\n\nThe narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translations readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.
31:introa4am0# Judges 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### “After the death of Joshua”\nThis statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land\n\nIsrael fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against Gods instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
41:1r9eeConnecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
51:1b9myYahweh0This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
61:1c92jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusivewill attack the Canaanites for us0The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh.
71:2c4zwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheJudah will attack0Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first”
81:2i2v6See0Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
91:2ysi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthis land0This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites”
101:3k7aqtheir brothers0Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
111:3x2kzCome up with us0The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
121:3p8mqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat was assigned to us … that was assigned to you0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you”
131:3yz2bWe will likewise go with you0Alternate translation: “We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
141:4ku4hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe men of Judah attacked0It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah.
151:4n19drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersThey killed ten thousand0“They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number”
161:4vmc4of them0Alternate translation: “soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
171:4c9xqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBezek0This is an area in the mountains of Canaan.
181:5w88lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAdoni-Bezek0This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites.
191:5i3pnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethey fought against him0Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army”
201:6vz6ppursued him0Alternate translation: “chased him”
211:7es2prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersSeventy kings0“70 kings”
221:7t5fdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho had their thumbs and their big toes cut off0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off”
231:7p5cwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygathered their food from under my table0Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table”
241:8hh58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe city of Jerusalem and took it0Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them”
251:8ca78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThey attacked it0Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city”
261:8k6zerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewith the edge of the sword0“with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons”
271:9cs3tthe men of Judah went down to fight0It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
281:9q3x9in the Negev0Alternate translation: “in the southern Judean wilderness”
291:9x4ewfoothills0hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
301:10ax37rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundthe name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba0This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron.
311:10edk7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai0These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
321:11lh59rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundthe name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher0The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher”
331:11fn5gwas previously0Alternate translation: “was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
341:12e7kfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWhoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it0Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city”
351:12n39vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAksah0This is the name of Calebs daughter.
361:13xa4brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesOthniel, son of Kenaz0These are names of men.
371:14u3ccshe urged him0Alternate translation: “Aksah urged Othniel”
381:15m3cgGive me a blessing0Alternate translation: “Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
391:15rz4urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSince you have given me the land of the Negev0Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev”
401:15n8dirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSince you have given me the land0This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field.
411:16x6eiof Moses father-in-law0Alternate translation: “of the father of Moses wife”
421:16fqe9father-in-law the Kenite went up0Alternate translation: “father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
431:16n6khwent up from the City of Palms … into the wilderness0Alternate translation: “left the City of Palms … and went into the wilderness”
441:16a29wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitCity of Palms0This is another name for the city of Jericho.
451:16u7t8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArad0This is the name of a city in Canaan.
461:17e48athe men of Simeon their brothers0Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
471:17nd84rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZephath0This is the name of a city in Canaan.
481:17iy2drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe name of the city was called Hormah0After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
491:19vtq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahweh was with the people of Judah0Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah.
501:19g27vplains0a very large area of level, treeless ground
511:20ys79rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said)0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb”
521:20eml1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethree sons of Anak0The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people”
531:20tyj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAnak0This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall.
541:21l6ajto this day0“until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
551:22da33rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe house of Joseph0Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim”
561:22pc1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto attack Bethel0Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel.
571:23ffy3spy0to get information secretly
581:23vx3frc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundthe city that was formerly called Luz0This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
591:24qdm8spies0people who get information secretly
601:25dj1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythey attacked the city0Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city”
611:25ncm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewith the edge of the sword0“with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons”
621:25uw87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomget away0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape”
631:26i4r5Luz0This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
641:26ym4ewhich is its name to this day0“which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
651:27va98rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Shan … Taanach … Dor … Ibleam … Megiddo0These are names of cities.
661:27grh4because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land0To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
671:28m64krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWhen Israel became strong0Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger”
681:28h7tuthey forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor0Alternate translation: “they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
691:29ek8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyEphraim did not0Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim.
701:29u8mqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGezer0The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area.
711:30z9jerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyZebulun did not drive out0Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun.
721:30p5amrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKitron … Nahalol0These are names of cities in the land of Canaan.
731:30l8tvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybut Zebulun forced0Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun.
741:30cp5qhard labor0Alternate translation: “difficult labor”
751:31e29rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAsher did not drive0Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher.
761:31b612rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAkko … Sidon … Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek … Rehob0These are names of cities in the land of Canaan.
771:33d9v1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Shemesh … Beth Anath0These are names of cities.
781:33pck2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves”
791:34w8itnot allowing them to come down0Alternate translation: “stopping them from coming down”
801:34ijt5plain0a very large area of flat land without trees
811:35qwt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Heres0This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built.
821:35cw8trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAijalon … Shaalbim0These are names of cities.
831:35x276the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them0Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
841:35uvw1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of Joseph0Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim”
851:36g7nxrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe hill of Akrabbim0This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.”
861:36qr2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSela0This is the name of a city.
872:intromf6a0# Judges 2 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh tests Israel\n\nYahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
882:1tt9yangel of Yahweh0This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angels use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
892:1q2kawent up from Gilgal to Bokim0Alternate translation: “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
902:1x66irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBokim0This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.”
912:1te37rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisand said0It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel”
922:1im2ibrought you up from Egypt0Alternate translation: “led you from Egypt”
932:1ha9uyour fathers0Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
942:1p92urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombreak my covenant with you0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you”
952:2syq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyyou have not listened to my voice0Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands”
962:2w8ysrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat is this that you have done?0This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.”
972:3kdq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesSo now I say, I will not … trap for you.0This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
982:3plg4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbecome thorns in your sides0The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble”
992:3y4wmthorns0sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
1002:3b6w1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortheir gods will become a trap for you0The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunters trap that catches an animal and causes it harm.
1012:4f5v2shouted and wept0Alternate translation: “cried many tears”
1022:6p53vNow when Joshua0Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
1032:6u1xbrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundwhen Joshua … of their land0The events of 1:12:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua.
1042:6i12erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto the place assigned0You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them”
1052:7kcc2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background0The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues.
1062:7ydz9during the lifetime0This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
1072:7g5ahthe elders0Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
1082:7qml9outlived him0This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
1092:8ii19rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background0The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues.
1102:8m4jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundJoshua son of Nun … died at the age of 110 years old0The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:12:5 happened after Joshua died.
1112:8k12wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNun0This is the name of a man.
1122:8xfn6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers110 years old0“one hundred and ten years old”
1132:9ne2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe was assigned0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him”
1142:9yk2src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTimnath Heres0This is the name of an area of land.
1152:9f8u2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Gaash0This is the name of a mountain.
1162:10umh1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismAll that generation was also gathered to their fathers0The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died.
1172:10r6csfathers0Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
1182:10flq1grew up0Alternate translation: “grew older” or “became older”
1192:10qd7fwho did not know Yahweh0Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
1202:11yhh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was evil in the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
1212:11gx61rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaals0This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal.
1222:12tp3frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey broke away from Yahweh0The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him.
1232:12re2ctheir fathers0Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
1242:12n4xlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey went after other gods0The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods.
1252:12w9r2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionbowed down to them0This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone.
1262:12j3xwThey provoked Yahweh to anger0Alternate translation: “They caused Yahweh to become angry”
1272:13ddu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAshtoreths0This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms.
1282:14r6xmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe anger of Yahweh burned against Israel0The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel”
1292:14bjf9he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them0Alternate translation: “he let raiders steal their possessions”
1302:14v1kirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies0Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1312:15b13prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahwehs hand was against them to defeat them0Here “hand” represents Yahwehs power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them”
1322:15n59gthey were in terrible distress0Alternate translation: “they were suffering terribly”
1332:16t2b3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThen Yahweh raised up judges0Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up.
1342:16myh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of those0Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies”
1352:17p49ithey would not listen to their judges0Alternate translation: “they would not obey their judges”
1362:17dv8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similegave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them0The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods”
1372:17wwn4their fathers0Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
1382:18eau5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhen Yahweh raised up judges0Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons.
1392:18hz8jjudges for them … rescued them0The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
1402:18ql9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hand of their enemies0Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies”
1412:18j2rkall the days the judge lived0Alternate translation: “as long as the judge lived”
1422:18n8w4pity0to have compassion for someone or something
1432:18g95trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyas they groaned0The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered”
1442:19q63wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey would turn away0The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh.
1452:19fnt4their fathers0Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
1462:19kid3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey would go after other gods to serve them and worship them0The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods”
1472:19lq1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesThey refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways0“They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn”
1482:20b7rkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe anger of Yahweh burned against Israel0The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md).
1492:20clk3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythis nation has broken0Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken”
1502:21ry6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyany of the nations0Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites.
1512:22n194rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it0How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way.
1522:23tn49rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletdid not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua0These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out”
1532:23b618rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinto the hand of Joshua0Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1543:introk35h0# Judges 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people worship false gods\n\nIsrael worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Blew a trumpet”\n\nWhen Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1553:1w2isNow Yahweh0Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
1563:1hp8zthese nations0This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
1573:1xj63rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan”
1583:2l4u8rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundHe did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before0This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight”
1593:3mgb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe five kings0These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people”
1603:3upq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Baal Hermon0This is the highest mountain in Israel.
1613:3z6zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHamath Pass0This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan.
1623:4vqn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThese nations were left0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan”
1633:4dzs7as a means0Alternate translation: “as a way”
1643:4f89fwhether they would … gave their ancestors0The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
1653:4wbc7the commands he gave0Alternate translation: “the commands Yahweh gave”
1663:7p6m5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was evil in the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
1673:7e1t1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomforgot Yahweh their God0Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.”
1683:8yg7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe anger of Yahweh was set on fire0Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry”
1693:8gwp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim0Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them”
1703:8zj78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinto the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim0Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1713:8b1vlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesCushan-Rishathaim0This is the name of a man.
1723:8a27lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAram Naharaim0This is the name of a country.
1733:9vg5krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh raised up someone0Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person.
1743:9k6r6Othniel … Kenaz0See how you translated these mens names in [Judges 1:13](../01/13.md).
1753:10y845empowered him0This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
1763:10rq2zhe judged Israel0Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
1773:10k8cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe went out to war0Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim”
1783:10l4lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheYahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram0Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram”
1793:10f953rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe hand of Othniel0Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel”
1803:11svg9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe land had peace0“The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully”
1813:11i8ksrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersforty years0“40 years”
1823:12l914rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was evil in the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
1833:12nj1trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsYahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong”
1843:12s1wnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheto Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites0Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army”
1853:12z23qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesEglon0This is the name of a king.
1863:13rp3hthe City of Palms0This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
1873:14h6y6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighteen years0“18 years”
1883:15mpv5called out to Yahweh0Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
1893:15zn6drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorraised up someone0Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person.
1903:15jja5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesEhud … Gera0These are names of men.
1913:15w4skleft-handed0Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
1923:16fm5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistanceone cubit0If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter”
1933:16i3y7he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh0Alternate translation: “he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
1943:16s4whthigh0the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
1953:17k42drc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow Eglon was a very fat man0Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon.
1963:19q56yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images”
1973:20f67gin the coolness of the upper room0This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
1983:20p7ftrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionThe king got up out of his seat0Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message.
1993:22k49pThe tip of the sword came out of his back0Alternate translation: “The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
2003:23djg4porch0an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
2013:24z2qtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismSurely he is relieving himself0This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating.
2023:25d7zvuntil they felt they were neglecting their duty0They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their kings private room.
2033:25e1jftook the key and opened them0Alternate translation: “took the key and opened the doors”
2043:26r2igrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-eventsWhile the servants were waiting … Ehud escaped0This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped”
2053:26x36qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSeirah0This is the name of a city.
2063:27zet1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisWhen he arrived0You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah”
2073:28s9y40# General Information:\n\nEhud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
2083:28ax6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfor Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies0Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies.
2093:28i3vycaptured the fords0Alternate translation: “gained control of the fords”
2103:28k9q1fords0the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
2113:28uf81did not allow anyone to cross0Alternate translation: “did not let anyone cross”
2123:29jjy8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersten thousand men0“10,000 men”
2133:29e6gecapable men0Alternate translation: “able men” or “men able to fight well”
2143:30ch1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveMoab was subdued by the strength of Israel0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites”
2153:30par9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe strength of Israel0Here “strength” represents the Israelite army.
2163:30w1xrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe land had rest0Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully”
2173:30dln1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighty years0“80 years”
2183:31psq1judge0God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
2193:31xdh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShamgar0The name of a man.
2203:31uz68rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAnath0The name of a man.
2213:31f6s9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers600 men0“six hundred men”
2223:31z3lra stick used to goad cattle0Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
2233:31n8z3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe also delivered Israel from danger0The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies”
2244:intropjw50# Judges 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Baraks leadership\n\nAt this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2254:1h4q7Ehud0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
2264:1aq65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was evil in the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
2274:2yj14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan0Here “hand” refers to Jabins power over Israel. Yahwehs decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2284:2i943rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJabin … Sisera0These are the names of men
2294:2fk1trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHazor … Harosheth Haggoyim0These are the names of cities or places
2304:3ftq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersnine hundred iron chariots0“900 iron chariots”
2314:3k27qtwenty years0Alternate translation: “20 years”
2324:4e7xnrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah.
2334:4nnu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesDeborah0This is the name of a woman
2344:4gru6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesLappidoth0This is the name of a man
2354:4lj93judge0God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
2364:5uy3xpalm of Deborah0This tree was named after Deborah.
2374:6b5l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names0# General Information:\n\nThe writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names.
2384:6ehp5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBarak … Abinoam0These are the names of men.
2394:6yn83rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Tabor0This is the name of a mountain.
2404:6vi2xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersten thousand men0“10,000 men”
2414:7rm5rI will draw out0Here “I” refers to God.
2424:7mmc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochedraw out Sisera0Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army”
2434:7hl3vdraw out0to cause people to come away from a safe location
2444:7k3naSisera … Jabin0See how you translated these mens names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
2454:7sue6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKishon0This is the name of a river.
2464:8qr6v0# General Information:\n\nBarak has a discussion with Deborah.
2474:8b27vBarak0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
2484:9y6wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe road on which you are going will not lead to your honor0The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do”
2494:9v8rirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman0Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera”
2504:9msw7Sisera0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
2514:9bi9qDeborah0See how you translated this womans name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
2524:10g69frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersTen thousand men0“10,000 men”
2534:11wq16rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite.
2544:11fty7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHeber … Hobab0These are the names of men.
2554:11aup8Kenite0See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md)
2564:11jez1Moses father-in-law0Alternate translation: “the father of Moses wife”
2574:11y5mfrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZaanannim0This is the name of a city.
2584:12rkt1When they told Sisera0Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
2594:12dcw1Sisera0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
2604:12i2cfBarak … Abinoam … Mount Tabor0See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
2614:13r3xwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymySisera called out all his chariots0Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots.
2624:13avt4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersnine hundred iron chariots0“900 iron chariots”
2634:13x4xyHarosheth Haggoyim0See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
2644:13a7q6Kishon River0See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](../04/07.md).
2654:14pb3brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfutureYahweh has given you victory0Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory”
2664:14r1phrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs not Yahweh leading you?0Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.”
2674:14fv1qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberswith ten thousand0“with 10,000”
2684:15t5qjYahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army0Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
2694:15u8qhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall his chariots0Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots”
2704:16qj43rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheBarak pursued0Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased”
2714:16ce5lHarosheth0Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
2724:16x3gkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword0Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Siseras whole army with their swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2734:17ayi3Sisera … Jabin … Hazor0See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
2744:17h17wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomran away on foot0This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot.
2754:17mp3urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJael0This is the name of a woman.
2764:17s2neHeber0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
2774:17kwu8Kenite0See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
2784:18k8b1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitTurn aside0This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here”
2794:18u5k9blanket0a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
2804:19cn6jHe said to her0Alternate translation: “Sisera said to Jael”
2814:21ctd6tent peg0a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
2824:21i8q2hammer0a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
2834:21lvc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora deep sleep0Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up.
2844:22n7wqBarak was pursuing0Alternate translation: “Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
2854:23xzh1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorGod defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel0God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched.
2864:24y25tThe might0Alternate translation: “The military power”
2874:24zcb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethey destroyed him0Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army”
2885:introjgd90# Judges 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### The flood\n\nGod caused rain and flooding to bog down Jabans chariots making\nthem vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2895:1w7exrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitOn that day0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin”
2905:1pfq9Deborah0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
2915:1l3sjBarak … Abinoam0See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
2925:2s181when the people gladly volunteer for war0Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
2935:3hs8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostropheListen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders0Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song.
2945:3cbt1you kings … you leaders0This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
2955:4f5purc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhen you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom0This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army.
2965:4vj7erc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSeir0Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom.
2975:4hw54rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water0This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahwehs power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking.
2985:5p4qprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe mountains quaked0This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2995:5d62lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybefore the face of Yahweh0Here “face” refers Yahwehs presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”
3005:5wuf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-expliciteven Mount Sinai quaked0When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked”
3015:6he9eIn the days of0Alternate translation: “During the lifetime of”
3025:6asi7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShamgar … Anath … Jael0These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
3035:6rw34rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundson of Anath0Shamgars father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived.
3045:6ki5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe main roads were abandoned0This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israels enemies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3055:6i6j5the winding paths0This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
3065:7n27xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel0Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children”
3075:8mxk4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey chose new gods0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods”
3085:8duj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethere was fighting at the city gates0Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3095:8v83hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolethere were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel0This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel”
3105:8dl2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersforty thousand in Israel0“40,000 in Israel”
3115:9u5zyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMy heart goes out to the commanders of Israel0The word “heart” represents a persons emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3125:10dt2prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismyou who ride on white donkeys … you who walk along the road0This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road”
3135:10vf24sitting on rugs for saddles0These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkeys back to make the rider more comfortable.
3145:11v4bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHear the voices of those0Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those”
3155:11f6ilrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewent down to the city gates0Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities”
3165:12de7eAwake, awake0Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
3175:12jc43Deborah0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
3185:12qc51Barak … Abinoam0See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
3195:13tl3eto me with the warriors0The word “me” refers to Deborah.
3205:14e478rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek0The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived”
3215:14k3phrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youfollowed you0Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3225:14yna1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMachir0This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph.
3235:14rl91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom Zebulun those who carry an officers staff0Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun”
3245:15ruv4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personMy princes in Issachar were with Deborah0Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me”
3255:15w1enDeborah0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
3265:15sn4nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIssachar was with Barak0Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak”
3275:15yt1tBarak0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
3285:15z2warushing after him into the valley under his command0Alternate translation: “obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
3295:15u31zrushing after0Alternate translation: “following after” or “hurrying after”
3305:15sdi1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythere were great searchings of heart0Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3315:16wc6crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks?0This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3325:16xdd2the fireplaces0Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
3335:16jg14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythere were great searchings of heart0Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3345:17pg1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyGilead stayed0Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed”
3355:17zwj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe other side of the Jordan0This refers to the east side of the Jordan.
3365:17l6vzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDan, why did he wander about on ships?0This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3375:17wn8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyDan, why did he0Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they”
3385:17wy1crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwander about on ships0The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing.
3395:17q466rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAsher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors”
3405:17hk9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAsher remained0Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained”
3415:17s37fharbors0places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
3425:18iq38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisNaphtali, also0You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death”
3435:19klr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe kings came, they fought … the kings of Canaan fought0The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought”
3445:19qh9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisthey fought … fought0The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us”
3455:19bwx4Taanach … Megiddo0Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
3465:19jn5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheno silver as plunder0Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder”
3475:19lin6plunder0things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
3485:20uwf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationFrom heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera0Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera.
3495:20r9rmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheagainst Sisera0Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army”
3505:20ac6pSisera0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
3515:21yn1brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe Kishon River swept them away0Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Siseras soldiers”
3525:21h8acKishon0See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
3535:21je12rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheMarch on my soul, be strong0Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong”
3545:22wx9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThen came the sound of horses hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones0This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Siseras mighty horses were running away”
3555:22n754galloping0runninb quickly
3565:23gg5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyCurse Meroz0Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz”
3575:23cdl6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMeroz0This is the name of a city.
3585:24n5q6Jael0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
3595:24r37wHeber0See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
3605:24jve5Kenite0Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
3615:25a4wlbrought him butter0Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jaels people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
3625:25viu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita dish fit for princes0This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things.
3635:26k8d2She put her hand to the tent peg0Alternate translation: “Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
3645:26iyf8tent peg0This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
3655:26c1yprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisher right hand to the workmans hammer0This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand”
3665:26va7chammer0This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
3675:26hkm3Sisera0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
3685:27e9gflimp0without strength or movement
3695:27ezv3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe was violently killed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died”
3705:28duq1the lattice0This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
3715:28mw4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhy has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed?0Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home”
3725:28k2dyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymytaken his chariot … Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots0Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he”
3735:29xa2nwisest princesses0A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the kings family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
3745:29mw32she gave herself the same answer0Alternate translation: “she said to herself the same thing”
3755:30l98irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHave they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb … plunder?0The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.”
3765:30cw6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestiona womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder?0The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.”
3775:30xgr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea womb, two wombs for every man0Here “womb” represents a woman. Siseras mother believes Siseras men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two”
3785:30p9nzdyed fabric0Alternate translation: “colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
3795:30zp9hembroidered0having designs made of colored threads
3805:30yg2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochefor the necks of those who plunder0Here “necks” represents Siseras soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear”
3815:31bi4xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike the sun when it rises in its might0The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nations army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise.
3825:31q1ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe land had peace0Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully”
3835:31mw3urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfor forty years0“for 40 years”
3846:introp5sj0# Judges 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 68)\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israels punishment\nIn Judges, Israels actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
3856:1ht3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was evil in the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
3866:1l9nlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hand of Midian0Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites”
3876:2bs4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe power of Midian oppressed Israel0Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them”
3886:2pl5zdens0places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
3896:4zcp1They would set up their army0Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
3906:5i2ldWhenever they and their livestock and tents came up0The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
3916:5e5slrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethey would come as a swarm of locusts0The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew.
3926:5ra2irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleit was impossible to count0This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great.
3936:6eg3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMidian weakened0Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian.
3946:6lcc3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcalled out to Yahweh0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help”
3956:7z7sarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcalled out to Yahweh0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help”
3966:7r2ejrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybecause of Midian0Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites”
3976:8q22qI brought you up from Egypt0Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
3986:8h336rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe house of slavery0Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves”
3996:9ue1trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the hand0In this phrase “hand” represents power or control.
4006:10ne4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyobeyed my voice0- Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me”
4016:11sex8Now0This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
4026:11r6sgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesOphrah0This is the name of a town.
4036:11iz4drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbiezrite0This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer.
4046:11y3wwwas separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor0This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
4056:12fe5wappeared to him0Alternate translation: “went to him”
4066:13as35my master0Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
4076:13in9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhere are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?0Gideon uses a question to challenge the strangers statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
4086:13e2k9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgave us into the hand of Midian0The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us”
4096:13vi7erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygave us into the hand0Here “hand” represents power or control.
4106:13buc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyof Midian0Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites”
4116:14n2w1Yahweh looked at him0Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
4126:14kx2trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the hand0Here “hand” represents power or control.
4136:14wuu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyof Midian0Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites”
4146:14zs9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHave I not sent you?0Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!”
4156:15w5e8Please, Lord0Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
4166:15wn75rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionhow can I deliver Israel?0Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!”
4176:15gpv8See, my family0Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
4186:15gp6cin Manasseh0Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
4196:15tw55rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin my fathers house0Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my fathers family” or “in my family”
4206:16p1xarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will be with you0Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon.
4216:16fhe8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitas one man0You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man”
4226:18ngy5set it before you0Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
4236:19kmz6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolumefrom an ephah of flour0If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour”
4246:19c4pfbroth0water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
4256:19r55kthem to him0Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
4266:20u9csangel of God0This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
4276:21ggc2angel of Yahweh0In 6:1124 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
4286:21x8t9went away0Alternate translation: “disappeared”
4296:22x6iwangel of Yahweh0In 6:1124 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
4306:22l2pprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationsAh, Lord Yahweh!0The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened.
4316:22c1ktrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomseen the angel of Yahweh face to face0This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh”
4326:23b3harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYahweh said to him0Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven.
4336:24s81yTo this day0This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
4346:24y4yaOphrah0Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
4356:24w4knthe clan of Abiezer0Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
4366:25h71yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinala second bull0The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull”
4376:25n1rhthat is beside it0Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
4386:26tj4pon the top of this place of refuge0The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
4396:26gvr9construct it the correct way0Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
4406:27xp8kdid as Yahweh had told him0This refers to Yahwehs command in [Judges 6:2526](./25.md).
4416:28mii1got up0Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
4426:28i5zbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it”
4436:30r7h5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe may be put to death0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment”
4446:31jw4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill you plead the case for Baal?0Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.”
4456:31xk3aplead the case0Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
4466:31n471rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill you save him?0Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.”
4476:32j4wkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.”
4486:32q44cbecause he said0Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
4496:33ual5Now0This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
4506:33eu5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitgathered together0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army”
4516:34d9ebrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcame over Gideon0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon”
4526:34sz1yclan of Abiezer0Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
4536:34zxl8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisso they might follow him0The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle”
4546:35sy9trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveand they too, were called out to follow him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him”
4556:35qb25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali0These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali”
4566:37uf1bwoolen fleece0the woolly coat of a sheep
4576:37qz5zdew0water that forms on plants during the night
4586:37s8rirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthen I will know that you will0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will”
4596:38cs87Gideon rose0Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
4606:38ub6lwrung0twist and squeeze something to remove water
4617:introq5450# Judges 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God gets all of the credit\n\nGod said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through Gods power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
4627:1u963Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
4637:1se4nthey encamped0Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
4647:1q9lurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesspring of Harod … hill of Moreh0These are the names of places.
4657:1w8xbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe camp of Midian was to their north0Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army”
4667:2ja78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsfor me to give you victory over the Midianites0The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites”
4677:2ww36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyOur own power has saved us0Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without Gods help”
4687:3i31qNow0This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
4697:3ahw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheproclaim in the ears of the people0Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people”
4707:3gt6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhoever is afraid, whoever trembles0Both of these phrases have the same meaning.
4717:3h7mvtrembles0This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
4727:3m53arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitlet him return0You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home”
4737:3iup9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Gilead0This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead.
4747:3s1sdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-two thousand0“22,000”
4757:3wn6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisten thousand remained0The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained”
4767:3z1zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersten thousand0“10,000”
4777:4t9ydrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will make their number smaller for you there0Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4787:5iem1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-goGideon brought0The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.”
4797:5w69slaps0to drink by licking with the tongue
4807:6ae7krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersThree hundred men0“300 men”
4817:7e8uvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree hundred men0“300 men”
4827:7gk97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youI will rescue you and give you victory0Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites.
4837:8j7gyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSo those who were chosen0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose”
4847:8u2nhtook their supplies and their trumpets0Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
4857:8cx8bNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
4867:9u84qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAttack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it0Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4877:10xqh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisafraid to go down0You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack”
4887:10u4w3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPurah0This is the name of a man.
4897:11j99jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour courage will be strengthened0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you”
4907:11wv5rguard posts0places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
4917:12r5wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileas thick as a cloud of locusts0Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were.
4927:12zt6src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleTheir camels were more … in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore0The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels.
4937:12d37krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveTheir camels were more than could be counted0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count”
4947:14yg52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThis is nothing other than the sword of Gideon0Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideons army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon”
4957:14v4e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfutureGod has given him victory over Midian0This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites”
4967:16xjf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree hundred men0“300 men”
4977:18rj9wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitFor Yahweh and for Gideon!0The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!”
4987:19cxa7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbershundred men0“100 men”
4997:19wba7right at the beginning of the middle watch0The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 oclock at night.
5007:20zfw1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe sword of Yahweh and of Gideon0Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon”
5017:22nw1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree hundred trumpets0“300 trumpets”
5027:22nk36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh set every Midianite mans sword against his comrades0Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers”
5037:22rv5brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Shittah … Zererah … Abel Meholah … Tabbath0These are the names of towns and cities.
5047:23u5e9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh”
5057:24js9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Barah0This is the name of a town.
5067:24u7zetook control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River0Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
5077:25hn84rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat the rock of Oreb … at the winepress of Zeeb0The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there.
5087:25rvj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesOreb … Zeeb0These are names of men.
5098:introzh950# Judges 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Succoths refusal to help Gideon\nThe men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Gideon refuses to be king\n\nGideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyones plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
5108:1sea3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat is this you have done to us?0The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.”
5118:1f8fyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyagainst Midian0Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army.
5128:1whc1they had a violent argument with him0they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
5138:2xg1a0# General Information:\n\nGideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
5148:2wpi2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat have I done now compared to you?0Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!”
5158:2xg8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre not the gleanings of Ephraims grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?0Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!”
5168:2i6yrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre not the gleanings of Ephraims grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?0Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5178:2rr59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAbiezer0This is the name of one of Gideons ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezers descendants and their land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5188:3x1xaOreb and Zeeb0See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
5198:3bi55rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat have I accomplished compared to you?0Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.”
5208:3riv2died down0Alternate translation: “became less”
5218:4f6yprc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthe three hundred men0“the 300 men”
5228:4s9yvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounskept up the pursuit0The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies”
5238:5zt2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZebah and Zalmunna0These are the names of men.
5248:6l71prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand?0The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.”
5258:6aw3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheAre the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna0Here “hands” refer to the whole body.
5268:6bn4xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymynow in your hand0Here “hand” represents power or control.
5278:6k3emrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should we give bread to your army?0The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5288:7gwp6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you”
5298:7j77mthorns and briers0sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
5308:8bi3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHe went up from there0Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there”
5318:8ikw7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPeniel0The name of a place.
5328:8ak91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisspoke to the people there in the same way0You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food”
5338:9y4qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismWhen I come again in peace0This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army”
5348:9nth4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI will pull down this tower0Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower”
5358:10nfu6Now0This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
5368:10tli8Zebah and Zalmunna0See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
5378:10vw38rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKarkor0This is the name of a city.
5388:10bh2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfifteen thousand men0“15,000 men”
5398:10p2iwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhad fallen0This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle”
5408:10j3dkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers120,000 men0“one hundred thousand men”
5418:10mz6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymen who drew the sword0Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers”
5428:11t81prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheGideon went up0Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up”
5438:11y551rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHe defeated0Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated”
5448:11jbu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNobah and Jogbehah0These are names of towns.
5458:12dmu9Zebah and Zalmunna0See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
5468:12if5ypanic0extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
5478:13w2l7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe pass of Heres0This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains.
5488:14a6z2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitquestioned him0It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town”
5498:14l2rrrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy-seven officials0“77 officials”
5508:15buj3Zebah and Zalmunna0See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
5518:15bnf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHave you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna?0Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.”
5528:16ct8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheGideon took … he punished0Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished”
5538:16vr3ethorns and briers0These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
5548:17dbh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe pulled0Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled”
5558:17jg81Peniel0Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
5568:18lav2Zebah and Zalmunna0See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
5578:18gw8kTabor0Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
5588:18q1pdAs you are, so were they0Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
5598:19jb1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomAs Yahweh lives0This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that”
5608:20xg9frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJether0This is the name of Gideons son.
5618:21p21prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomFor as the man is, so is his strength0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do”
5628:21lzn1crescent0This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
5638:21eu98ornaments0decorations
5648:22n3hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of Midian0Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian”
5658:22zz2frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyof Midian0Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites”
5668:24va81Gideon said to them0Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
5678:24qb9searrings0jewelry worn on the ear
5688:24e5zjplunder0things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
5698:24c2b3rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundThe Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites0Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites.
5708:25ark2cloak0clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
5718:26z8qbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers1,700 shekels of gold0“one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
5728:26w5mzcrescent ornaments0See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
5738:26rc47pendants0pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
5748:26z7ldrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat was worn by the kings of Midian0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore”
5758:27awh9Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings0Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
5768:27tir6Ophrah0Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
5778:27tyw2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorall Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there0This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there”
5788:27j6yerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleall Israel0Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment”
5798:27bbx3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIt became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house0This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunters snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it”
5808:27i29yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor those in his house0Here “his house” represents Gideons family. Alternate translation: “for his family”
5818:28wui8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSo Midian was subdued before the people of Israel0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites”
5828:28u2arrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey did not raise their heads up again0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again”
5838:28un4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymySo the land had peace0Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully”
5848:28mw8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersforty years0“40 years”
5858:28z3zjin the days of Gideon0Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
5868:29z3sbJerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
5878:30m14nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy sons0“70 sons”
5888:32i3jlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma good old age0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old”
5898:32w8ygrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas buried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him”
5908:32aen4Ophrah0Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
5918:32pc1fthe clan of Abiezer0Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
5928:33be44It came about0This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
5938:33l1r2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturned again0The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh”
5948:33gh13rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorprostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals0This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals”
5958:33ce8src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaal-Berith0This is the name of a false god.
5968:34k1h5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the hand of all their enemies0Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies”
5978:34lqk5on every side0Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
5988:35svf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Jerub Baal0Here “the house of” represents a persons family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal”
5998:35w3k3Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6009:introzl190# Judges 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jothams curse\n\nGideons son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideons other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Tree metaphor\n\nThis chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
6019:1cb58Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6029:2gfl5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesPlease say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?0This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
6039:2lpf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy0“70”
6049:2e38yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI am your bone and your flesh0Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someones relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family”
6059:3ie29His mothers relatives spoke for him to the leaders0This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
6069:3ubh9they agreed to follow Abimelech0Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
6079:4yf44rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house0Here “house” represents a temple.
6089:4yf3wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoneyseventy pieces of silver0This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver”
6099:4v8x5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy0“70”
6109:4g7i4Baal-Berith0This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
6119:4mi77worthless and reckless0Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
6129:5c56jOphrah0Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
6139:5jer7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersone stone0“1 stone”
6149:5gnp3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy0“70”
6159:5ilv2Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6169:6up6drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Millo0This is the name of a place.
6179:7d3wsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables0# General Information:\n\nJotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites.
6189:7ksz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhen Jotham was told about this0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers”
6199:7z9vxrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Gerizim0This is a mountain.
6209:8p19prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parablesThe trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, Reign over us.0In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6219:8x1kyrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionto anoint a king over them0Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them”
6229:8ai6tReign over us0Alternate translation: “Be our king”
6239:9q6h3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould I give up my abundance … over the other trees?0The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.”
6249:9v5ccrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyabundance0This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil”
6259:9b42tby which gods and men are honored0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
6269:9ctc8gods0It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
6279:9a9cyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsway over0To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
6289:11df3rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parablesthe fig tree said to them0Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6299:11bi3frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould I give up my sweetness … over the other trees?0The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.”
6309:11jkz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsmy sweetness and my good fruit0The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit”
6319:12m2h3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parablesThe trees said to the vine0In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6329:13i2y3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould I give up my new wine … over the other trees?0The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.”
6339:14mp3athornbush0Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
6349:15g1p2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parablesThe thornbush said to the trees0In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6359:15zea8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionto anoint me as king over you0To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king”
6369:15cm8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsfind safety0The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe”
6379:15hvs5fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon0This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
6389:15xn44rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthen let fire come out of the thornbush0The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush”
6399:16ayq2Now0This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
6409:16y7g3Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6419:16nu7nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis house0Here “house” represents Gideons family.
6429:17x8ae0# General Information:\n\nJotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
6439:17fpm7to think that my father fought for you … out of the hand of Midian0Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
6449:17kqc3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of Midian0Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites”
6459:18cr5wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomyou have risen up against0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against”
6469:18i5zwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy fathers house0Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my fathers family”
6479:18yy47rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy0“70”
6489:18ym97rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersone stone0“1 stone”
6499:18c154his female servant0Here “his” refers to Gideon.
6509:19cwl5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoIf you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house0Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated”
6519:19re1xJerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6529:19r5cerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis house0Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family”
6539:20rv9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoBut if not0Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated”
6549:20g8i6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlet fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem0Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire.
6559:20ibq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorLet fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech0Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire.
6569:20iey1Beth Millo0This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
6579:21pan4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeer0This is the name of a city.
6589:23bv9rGod sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem0This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
6599:24xf1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveGod did this so the violence done … helped him murder his brothers0The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder”
6609:24cb41rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy0“70”
6619:24b1g1Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6629:25b7txpositioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him0Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
6639:25pd3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThis was reported to Abimelech0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him”
6649:26r2uerc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGaal … Ebed0These are names of men.
6659:26mv9brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshad confidence in him0The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him”
6669:27i6sfThey went out into the field0Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
6679:27r8w9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey trampled on them0They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it.
6689:27c3x3trampled0Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
6699:27d9l2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin the house0Here “house” represents a temple.
6709:28yyy5Gaal … Ebed0See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
6719:28w9hjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?0Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!”
6729:28dfp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWho is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?0Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelechs mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6739:28a6wsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer?0Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.”
6749:28p2s8Jerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
6759:28b36zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZebul0This is the name of a man.
6769:28rq5nServe the men of Hamor, Shechems father0Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
6779:28ju72rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should we serve Abimelech?0Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!”
6789:29v1e2I wish that this people were under my command0Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
6799:30qj5lZebul0See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
6809:30a53kheard the words of Gaal son of Ebed0Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
6819:30p2rsGaal … Ebed0See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
6829:30u13brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis anger was kindled0Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry”
6839:30lx8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe city0Here “city” represents the people of the city.
6849:31u898in order to deceive0Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
6859:31gvg1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey are stirring up the city against you0This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you”
6869:32yn4z0# General Information:\n\nZebuls messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
6879:32j18vNow0This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
6889:32mrh8an ambush0Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
6899:33k1f3do whatever you can to them0This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
6909:34be8tall the men who were with him0Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
6919:34b14prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersdividing into four units0“separating into 4 groups”
6929:35q22cGaal … Ebed0See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
6939:36v8bbGaal0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
6949:36vu4iZebul0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
6959:36gz9vYou are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men0Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
6969:37kmf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersone unit0“1 group” or “1 troop”
6979:38tqh1Zebul0See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
6989:38qap7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhere are your proud words now, you0Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you”
6999:38fub2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionyou who said, Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?0Zebul is quoting Gaals boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7009:38qdj1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre these not the men you despised?0Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.”
7019:38u392despised0strongly disliked or hated
7029:39h55iGaal0See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
7039:40p7lvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomMany fell with deadly wounds0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds”
7049:41y21zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArumah0This is the name of a city.
7059:41q5epZebul0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
7069:41f6udGaal0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
7079:42em2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethis was reported to Abimelech0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech”
7089:43rm73rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersdivided them into three units0“separated them into 3 groups”
7099:43e8phthey set an ambush in the fields0Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
7109:43l12erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe attacked0Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked”
7119:44h6g9the units0Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
7129:44a246rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersother two0“other 2”
7139:45e7uyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheAbimelech fought … He tore down0Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down”
7149:45ch7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyagainst the city0Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem”
7159:45zi77tore down0Alternate translation: “demolished”
7169:45t928rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitspread salt over it0“spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there.
7179:46lty1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house0Here this represents a temple.
7189:46kw6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesEl-Berith0The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
7199:47hnv1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAbimelech was told0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech”
7209:48h1s8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMount Zalmon0This is the name of a mountain.
7219:49thc7piled0This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
7229:49f9xsrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersabout a thousand men0“about 1,000”
7239:50jh8frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesThebez0This is the name of a city.
7249:50nyj8encamped against Thebez0Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
7259:52jgq2fought against it0Alternate translation: “attacked it”
7269:53z9j6upper millstone0Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
7279:54vm49armor-bearer0This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
7289:54is1hpierced him through0This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
7299:56h9fbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy0“70”
7309:57fx65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommade all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads0“Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done”
7319:57hua1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomon them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them”
7329:57q7dpJerub Baal0This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
73310:introzqn20# Judges 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 1012](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israels punishment\nIn Judges, Israels actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
73410:1g7wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTola … Puah … Dodo0These are names of men.
73510:1ti4grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShamir0This is the name of a place.
73610:1lxh7arose to deliver Israel0Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
73710:1i5f3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymydeliver Israel0Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel.
73810:2m2fdHe judged Israel0Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
73910:2m93urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-three years0“23 years”
74010:2unp5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas buried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him”
74110:3f3wirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHe was followed by Jair the Gileadite0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola”
74210:3m9ukrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJair0This is the name of a man.
74310:3j6fmthe Gileadite0Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
74410:3fmn8He judged Israel0Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
74510:3d5gsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIsrael0Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel.
74610:3ezp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-two years0“22 years”
74710:4i1hvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthirty sons0“30 sons”
74810:4vb1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHavvoth Jair0This is the name of a region, which is named after a man.
74910:4h644to this day0This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
75010:5t8karc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas buried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him”
75110:5s19jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKamon0This is the name of a place.
75210:6lj2drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoradded to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh0This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil”
75310:6ki1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh”
75410:6p7j4Ashtoreths0This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
75510:6r515rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThey abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him0The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh”
75610:6p6q5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey abandoned Yahweh0No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else.
75710:7zf61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh burned with anger toward Israel0Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel”
75810:7f4v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites0Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them.
75910:7aj5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinto the hand0Here “hand” represents power or control.
76010:8psa9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletcrushed and oppressed0These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed”
76110:8q2mlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighteen years0“18 years”
76210:8msz6who were beyond the Jordan0This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
76310:8b5w4which is in Gilead0Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead”
76410:9wq6grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyJudah … Benjamin0“Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin”
76510:9nt9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of Ephraim0The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim”
76610:9gl3brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyso that Israel was greatly distressed0“Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much”
76710:10lda9the people of Israel called out to Yahweh0This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
76810:10b8t5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbecause we abandoned our God0The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else.
76910:10t38arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personabandoned our God0The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God”
77010:12lf73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionand also from the Sidonians?0God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.”
77110:12w39arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMaonites0These are the people from the clan or family of Maon.
77210:12e4mlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom their power0Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them”
77310:13p759rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou abandoned me again0The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else.
77410:13zdy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will not keep adding to the times I deliver you0The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahwehs saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
77510:16i2l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitforeign gods among them0You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed”
77610:16m6hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh could bear Israels misery no longer0Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer”
77710:18j3k2Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?0Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
77811:introq7si0# Judges 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jephthah the leader\n\nJephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
77911:1yk6src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGileadite0This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his fathers name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
78011:2r35bWhen his wifes sons grew up0Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gileads wife became adults”
78111:3aw1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe land of Tob0Tob is the name of a region.
78211:3f5zethey traveled with him0Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
78311:4cn67Some days later0Alternate translation: “Some time later”
78411:4s6kurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommade war against Israel0The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78511:6b37nthat we may fight with0Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against”
78611:7f7vjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy fathers house0Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family”
78711:8ph3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThat is why we are turning to you now0The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble”
78811:8uem9fight with the people of Ammon0Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon”
78911:11hf4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletleader and commander0These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander”
79011:11v6uqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWhen he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made0This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh”
79111:11w6mkall the promises he made0This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
79211:12ybt9What is this conflict between us0“Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
79311:12su7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheWhy have you come with force to take our land0The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land”
79411:12hwk4come with force to take0Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take”
79511:13qdz6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArnon … Jabbok0These are the names of two rivers.
79611:13ps71over to the Jordan0Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River”
79711:13tsw4in peace0Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
79811:15i4nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe said0Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said”
79911:16e7sjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey came up from Egypt0Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt”
80011:17je4p0# General Information:\n\nJephthahs messengers continue to speak.
80111:17tn6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheWhen Israel sent messengers0The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers”
80211:17kl4cpass through0Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross”
80311:17v8aarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwould not listen0This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request”
80411:17q2mzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThey also sent messengers to the king of Moab0The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request”
80511:17x2uerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbut he refused0The king of Moab refused Israels request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab”
80611:18el82Arnon0This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
80711:19msq60# General Information:\n\nJephthahs messengers continue to speak.
80811:19ur8xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheIsrael sent messengers to Sihon0The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers”
80911:19j2t5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSihon0This is the name of a person.
81011:19pyu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHeshbon0This is the name of a city.
81111:20mn9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJahaz0This is the name of a city.
81211:20ew16rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitBut Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory0Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully”
81311:20d9garc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethere he fought0The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought”
81411:21sf5x0# General Information:\n\nJephthahs messengers continue to speak.
81511:21fsk6Sihon0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
81611:21vp7wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel0Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people”
81711:22ce2eArnon … Jabbok0See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
81811:23v22e0# General Information:\n\nJephthahs messengers continue to speak.
81911:23ru3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionshould you now take possession of their land?0Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.”
82011:24nr59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you?0Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.”
82111:24bcm5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtake over0This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of”
82211:24z3zhrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesChemosh0This is the name of a false god.
82311:25wln3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionNow are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab?0Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.”
82411:25fk7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBalak … Zippor0These are the names of men.
82511:25giw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDid he dare to have an argument with Israel?0Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.”
82611:25k8y5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDid he ever wage war against them?0Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.”
82711:26pty20# General Information:\n\nJephthahs messengers continue to speak.
82811:26t5g4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree hundred years0“300 years”
82911:26pu9wHeshbon0Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
83011:26c2xirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAroer0This is the name of a city.
83111:26h61trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionwhy then did you not take them back during that time?0Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.”
83211:27aei3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me0Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us”
83311:27n4fkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomdone you wrong … doing me wrong0This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly”
83411:29p2lwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah0This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthahs decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah”
83511:29dq1crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead0Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead”
83611:31kh4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will offer it up0This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you”
83711:32wr1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheSo Jephthah passed through … Yahweh gave him victory0Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory”
83811:33rt2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHe attacked0Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked”
83911:33dl1tAroer0Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md).
84011:33pfq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMinnith … Abel Keramim0These are the names of cities.
84111:33i18jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty cities0“including 20 cities”
84211:34ng9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowntambourines0musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken
84311:35md3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionhe tore his clothes0This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief”
84411:35puu2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYou have crushed me with sorrow … you have become one who causes me pain0Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad”
84511:35qi6crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYou have crushed me with sorrow0Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow”
84611:35dvs5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou have become one who causes me pain0Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress”
84711:35gvy5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI cannot turn back on my promise0This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise”
84811:36e6gurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithas taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites0Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them”
84911:37hj6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveLet this promise be kept for me0This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me”
85011:37dh7sgrieve over my virginity0Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
85111:39n4myrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhad never known a man0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man”
85211:40s739the Gileadite0This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
85312:introp8zn0# Judges 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Shibboleth\n\nThis is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
85412:1mp3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsA call went out to the men of Ephraim0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers”
85512:1ubq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZaphon0This is the name of a city.
85612:1hh1lpassed through … pass through0or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
85712:1lt7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWe will burn your house down over you0This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it”
85812:2fsb1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youWhen I called you, you0Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim.
85912:2nxf4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochedid not rescue me0Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us”
86012:3s3v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youyou did not rescue me0The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
86112:3zev7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI put my life in my own hand0This is an idiom which means to risk ones life and to rely only on ones own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
86212:3u5y7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYahweh gave me victory0Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle”
86312:3uje8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youWhy have you come to fight against me0The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
86412:3nt4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitpassed through against the people of Ammon0This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region”
86512:4by47rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe fought against Ephraim0The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim”
86612:4y6zxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYou Gileadites are fugitives0You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live”
86712:4p9f2Gileadites0people from Gilead
86812:4h3vlin Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh0“in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
86912:5dcy5to Ephraim0Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim”
87012:5f8shThe Gileadites captured0Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
87112:5yc1pfords0These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
87212:5w1ccEphraimite0person from the tribe of Ephraim
87312:6cee8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterateShibboleth … Sibboleth0These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently.
87412:6uc7kpronounce the word0Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word”
87512:6d82prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersForty-two thousand0“42,000”
87612:6c2bbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveForty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites”
87712:7v8rvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveJephthah the Gileadite died and was buried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him”
87812:8ha85rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIbzan of Bethlehem0This is the name of a man from Bethlehem.
87912:9d515rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHe gave away thirty daughters in marriage0Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them”
88012:9r2m9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside0The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons”
88112:10jbg6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas buried at Bethlehem0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem”
88212:11k8nxrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesElon0This is the name of a man.
88312:11jl6eZebulunite0someone from the tribe of Zebulun
88412:12dn79Aijalon0Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md).
88512:12dzh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas buried in Aijalon0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon”
88612:13x9gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbdon … Hillel0These are the names of men.
88712:13z3n6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPirathon0This is the name of a city.
88812:14n7k2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThey rode on seventy donkeys0These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys”
88912:14ua8src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersforty sons … thirty grandsons … seventy donkeys0“40 sons … 30 grandsons … 70 donkeys
89012:15wqm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPirathonite … Pirathon0Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite.
89113:introeu670# Judges 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 1316](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Warning not to cut his hair\n\nThe angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samsons mother. Samsons mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the persons hair. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
89213:1acr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was evil in the sight of Yahweh0The sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
89313:1g29rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe gave them into the hand of the Philistines0Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines”
89413:1jxd2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersforty years0“40 years”
89513:2y3djrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZorah0This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan.
89613:2l3wlDanites0people from the tribe of Dan
89713:2v9vwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesManoah0This is the name of a man.
89813:3a36urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgive birth to a son0This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy”
89913:4nfl8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoranything unclean0Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
90013:5q3p1Look0Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
90113:5wb3hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyNo razor will be used upon his head0Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
90213:5lb1drazor0a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
90313:5vq8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita Nazirite to God0This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite”
90413:5zui7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the womb0Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born”
90513:5am6src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hand of the Philistines0Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistines control”
90613:6djg9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitA man of God0This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent”
90713:6w3z3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible0Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God”
90813:7n53cLook0Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
90913:7p1srrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgive birth to a son0This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy”
91013:7s1qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorany food that the law declares to be unclean0Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
91113:7pd9arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita Nazirite to God0This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite”
91213:7xct1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismfrom the time he is in your womb until the day of his death0This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life”
91313:8nb4iManoah0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
91413:9m96nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitcame to the woman0You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the authors words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoahs wife”
91513:10me6yLook0Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
91613:10snn4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe man0This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God”
91713:12gti5your words0Alternate translation: “what you have said”
91813:14u67rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyanything that comes from the vines0Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine”
91913:14f8vurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorunclean0Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md).
92013:15aw65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitprepare a young goat for you0You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoahs statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat”
92113:17ut4yyour words come true0Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true”
92213:18dsd7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy do you ask my name?0The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.”
92313:18rr96rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitIt is wonderful0It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand”
92413:19lw91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwith the grain offering0This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it”
92513:19d2kmon the rock0“on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
92613:19pqv4He did something0Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
92713:20s8h8the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar0Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
92813:20g2fzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionlay facedown on the ground0“lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh.
92913:21yi5qthat he was the angel of Yahweh0The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
93013:22f9uzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWe are sure to die, because we have seen God0It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him”
93113:23u22xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismHe would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things0Manoahs wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do”
93213:24n565the woman0Alternate translation: “Manoahs wife”
93313:24lz2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomgave birth to a son0This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy”
93413:24ht9igrew up0Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured”
93513:25hmc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahwehs Spirit began to stir him0Here the way Yahwehs Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahwehs Spirit began to influence Samson”
93613:25wnc2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMahaneh Dan … Eshtaol0Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town.
93713:25x4d3Zorah0Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
93814:introcl2d0# Judges 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Intermarriage\n\nIt was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samsons parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
93914:1bwa3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSamson went down to Timnah0The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his fathers house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley.
94014:1u7xbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismone of the daughters of the Philistines0The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl”
94114:2b9h1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomNow get her for me to be my wife0This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine womans parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her”
94214:3lcb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?0They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.”
94314:3x278rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismthe daughters of your relatives0The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives”
94414:3wj22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?0This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
94514:3srv6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomGet her for me0This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine womans parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife”
94614:3r62crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitshe pleases me0This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful”
94714:4ubq9this matter0This refers to Samsons request to marry the Philistine woman.
94814:4k7hyfor he desired to create a conflict0The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
94914:5d4ltrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSamson went down to Timnah0The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his fathers house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md).
95014:5ty9rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomAnd, look, there one of the young lions came up0Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him”
95114:5szi7was roaring at him0“threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
95214:6m9m5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahwehs Spirit suddenly came on him0The phrase “came on” means that Yahwehs Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahwehs Spirit made him very strong”
95314:6ryx9tore … apart0tore into two pieces
95414:6t92drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteshad nothing in his hand0Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon”
95514:7s2mjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitshe pleased Samson0This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful”
95614:8d5v9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe turned aside0This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path”
95714:8ude7carcass0dead body
95814:8um8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomAnd, look, there was a swarm of bees0Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees”
95914:8y8haswarm0large group of insects
96014:9u3iescraped up0Alternate translation: “gathered up”
96114:10cm3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomSamsons father went down to where the woman was0The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samsons father lives. Alternate translation: “Samsons father went to where the woman lived”
96214:10ugh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe custom of the young men0It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married”
96314:11ff89rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthirty of their friends0“30 of their friends”
96414:12kh6criddle0a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
96514:12a8errc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcan find it out0This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning”
96614:12fk4trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes0“30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes”
96714:12ze1ulinen0a type of cloth
96814:13yu1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youBut if you cannot tell me0Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast.
96914:14z49r0# General Information:\n\nSamson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
97014:14j8svOut of the eater was something to eat0Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
97114:14mcm3the eater0The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
97214:14hsz9out of the strong was something sweet0Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
97314:14ck4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe strong0This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing”
97414:14bdu6his guests0Alternate translation: “the men at his feast”
97514:14mf31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcould not find the answer0Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer”
97614:15wrs2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe fourth day0“day 4”
97714:15w5dcTrick0mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
97814:15jx5rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyyour fathers house0This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family”
97914:15t8shrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill burn up0The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death.
98014:15si25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDid you invite us here in order to make us poor?0They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!”
98114:15sg4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto make us poor0They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes”
98214:16hr3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismAll you do is hate me! You do not love me0Samsons wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all”
98314:16d72ariddle0a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
98414:16j4gpLook here0This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
98514:16zq8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionif I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?0Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98614:17ejm7during the seven days that their feast lasted0This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
98714:17rfq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe seventh day0“day 7”
98814:17xid1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomshe pressured him very much0Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her”
98914:18ui6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe men of the city0This refers to Samsons wifes relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives”
99014:18mq6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe seventh day0“day 7”
99114:18vi1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?0This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
99214:18scv6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIf you had not plowed with my heifer0Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another persons heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife”
99314:18cl8wplowed0To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
99414:19m2gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcame on Samson with power0The phrase “came on” means that Yahwehs Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful”
99514:19ht3crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberskilled thirty of their men0“killed 30 of their men” -
99614:19kc4etheir men0Alternate translation: “the men who lived there”
99714:19u2u5plunder0things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
99814:19axx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittheir clothes0These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken”
99914:19ym43Burning with anger0Alternate translation: “Very angry”
100014:19d5jiwent up to his fathers house0The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his fathers house is located.
100114:20hb14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSamsons wife was given to his best friend0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wifes father gave her to his best friend”
100214:20ibt7best friend0Alternate translation: “closest friend”
100315:introdn160# Judges 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samsons strength\n\nThe Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samsons power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
100415:1gn7wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHe said to himself0This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself”
100515:1n6mlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will go to my wifes room0Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wifes room, so we may sleep together”
100615:1hmg4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsiswould not allow him to go in0The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room”
100715:2f2qkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitso I gave her to your friend0This means that he gave her to be his friends wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend”
100815:2pn1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionis she not?0He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.”
100915:2ruf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitTake her instead0He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead”
101015:3b19arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them0Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me”
101115:4vl3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree hundred foxes0“300 foxes”
101215:4bxn9foxes0Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
101315:4g4mseach pair0a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
101415:4l3z7tail to tail0Alternate translation: “by their tails”
101515:4b6p3torches0A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
101615:5p7mcstanding grain0grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
101715:5i6qnstacked grain0the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
101815:5a7kworchards0An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
101915:6mns7the Timnites son-in-law0The husband of a mans daughter is a “son-in-law.”
102015:6r78src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTimnite0This is a person from Timnah.
102115:6uk9arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittook Samsons wife and gave her to his friend0Samsons wifes father gave her in marriage to Samsons friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samsons wife and allowed her to marry Samsons friend”
102215:6hz8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomburned up0The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death.
102315:7sj8esaid to them0Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
102415:7k4euIf this is what you do0Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
102515:8x42brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe cut them to pieces, hip and thigh0Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces”
102615:8m2qarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe went down0Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went”
102715:8xk3pcave0an opening in a hill or mountainside
102815:8yl63cliff0a high, rocky hill or mountainside
102915:8b6rwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesEtam0This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem.
103015:9g7cbthe Philistines came up … in Judah0The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
103115:9fkh2prepared for battle0Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
103215:9v6jwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesLehi0This is the name of a town in Judah.
103315:10ut2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitdo to him as he has done to us0The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
103415:11y64prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree thousand men of Judah0“3,000 men of Judah”
103515:11ji18cave in the cliff of Etam0See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
103615:11k7fwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us?0The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.”
103715:11td2drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThey did to me, and so I have done to them0Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them”
103815:12a6tyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hands of the Philistines0Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistines control”
103915:13nz1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhand you over to them0This means to cause someone to be under someone elses control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines”
104015:13m8g6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitup from the rock0This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
104115:14dr4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWhen he came0Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came”
104215:14xp7lLehi0This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
104315:14w48hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcame on him with power0The phrase “came on” means that Yahwehs Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong”
104415:14nue5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe ropes on his arms became like burnt flax0Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax”
104515:14d1feflax0fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
104615:15w6nta fresh jawbone0This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
104715:15nb59rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersa thousand men0“1,000 men”
104815:16dzp6the jawbone of a donkey0Alternate translation: “a donkeys jawbone”
104915:16dm4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitheaps upon heaps0This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies”
105015:17ra2drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRamath Lehi0This is the name of a place. Its name means “Jawbone Hill”
105115:18ta26was very thirsty0Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
105215:18t3wxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleBut now will I die of thirst and fall into … uncircumcised?0This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?”
105315:18h9yrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomdie of thirst0This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body.
105415:18u4x9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised0The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines”
105515:19c7pfsplit open the hollow place0“opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
105615:19c776Lehi0See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
105715:19rty1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismhis strength returned and he revived0These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived”
105815:19r7jirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesEn Hakkore0This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.”
105915:19k47vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit is at Lehi to this day0This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today”
106015:20ru29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin the days of the Philistines0This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel”
106115:20l52vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfor twenty years0“for 20 years”
106216:introu81n0# Judges 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samsons mistake\n\nSamson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samsons only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
106316:1l289rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhe went to bed with her0The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her”
106416:2j859rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesThe Gazites were told0The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza”
106516:2fyj2The Gazites surrounded the place … they waited for him all night at the city gate0This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
106616:2lsy6They kept silent all night0This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
106716:3iye2until midnight0Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night”
106816:3fv5xits two posts0These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
106916:3c2m4bar and all0The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
107016:3m4dxshoulders0the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
107116:3yq6trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHebron0This is the name of a city.
107216:4itb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesValley of Sorek0This is the name of a valley near Samsons home.
107316:5c6wzTrick0to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
107416:5x4w2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto see0This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn”
107516:5vq28rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwhere his great strength lies0This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong”
107616:5y38xby what means we may overpower him0Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him”””
107716:5g3bgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers1,100 pieces of silver0“one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.”
107816:6r4hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebind you, so you might be controlled0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you”
107916:7ae1pfresh bowstrings0Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
108016:7z8mlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat have not been dried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet”
108116:8xv64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat had not been dried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet”
108216:8xt1gshe tied Samson up with them0Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
108316:9n6pxrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson.
108416:9by3qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe Philistines are upon you0The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you”
108516:9sy3arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehe broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire0The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn”
108616:10x2kmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThis is how you have deceived me and told me lies.0Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!”
108716:10e5iwyou can be overpowered0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
108816:12vpr3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe Philistines are upon you0The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you”
108916:12rnx9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlying in wait0This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him”
109016:12j7zprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike they were a piece of thread0The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread”
109116:13hg41rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismyou have deceived me and told me lies0Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me”
109216:13t97zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou may be overpowered0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
109316:13s6f3weave0crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
109416:13h8x3locks of my hair0small bunches of hair
109516:13c2e8fabric0cloth made from weaving material together
109616:13wv5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownloom0a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth
109716:13gkr7then nail that to the loom0Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom”
109816:13pn2mnail0to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
109916:13w58arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will be like any other man0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man”
110016:14h61lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe Philistines are upon you0The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you”
110116:14k9firc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom0Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom”
110216:14lc6pthe pin0This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
110316:15zzt1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow can you say, I love you, when you do not share your secrets with me?0Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say I love you, you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.”
110416:16s5uirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiompressed him hard … pressured him0Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him”
110516:16imn2with her words0Alternate translation: “by what she said to him”
110616:16iqa6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolethat he wished he would die0The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy”
110716:17c8q9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittold her everything0everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth”
110816:17y8xzrazor0a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a persons skin
110916:17z2nfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita Nazirite for God0This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite”
111016:17fhm4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom my mothers womb0Here “from my mothers womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life”
111116:17t2usrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIf my head is shaved0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head”
111216:17seg5shaved0to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
111316:17iq1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationmy strength will leave me0Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more”
111416:18m9zgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomDelilah saw0Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned”
111516:18z2eurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe truth about everything0Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong”
111616:18x4mmCome up again0Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
111716:18ipi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbringing the silver in their hands0This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her”
111816:19h2jgShe had him fall asleep0Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep”
111916:19x4y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin her lap0This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap”
112016:19gjg3lap0The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
112116:19vai4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionthe seven locks of his head0Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head”
112216:19w8djsubdue him0Alternate translation: “control him”
112316:19qt31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhis strength had left him0Here Samsons strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong”
112416:20e9djrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe Philistines are upon you0The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you”
112516:20jt7ewoke up0Alternate translation: “awakened”
112616:20n31eget out0Alternate translation: “escape”
112716:20n47xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitBut he did not know that Yahweh had left him0It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines”
112816:21ve9nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomput out his eyes0This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes”
112916:21z2vvdown to Gaza0The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
113016:21t7grbound him with bronze shackles0Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
113116:21t1sqshackles0locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
113216:21mn74turned the millstone0Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle”
113316:21ujq1millstone0This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
113416:22ru6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveafter it had been shaved0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it”
113516:23b13vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesDagon0a major false god of the Philistines
113616:23p125has conquered0Alternate translation: “has defeated”
113716:23ekg1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorput him in our grasp0Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control”
113816:24ums1the destroyer of our country0This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
113916:24y4qkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewho killed many of us0Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people”
114016:25hiy5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitCall for Samson … They called for Samson0Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson”
114116:26b8ygthe boy0“the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
114216:26d2gsPermit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests0Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
114316:27fx8prc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information.
114416:27cp19rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree thousand men and women0“3,000 men and women”
114516:27l6hclooking on0Alternate translation: “watching”
114616:27ulj6while Samson was entertaining them0It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
114716:28n4yhcalled to Yahweh0Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
114816:28ypq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcall me to mind0This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me”
114916:28ld69only this once0Alternate translation: “one more time”
115016:28f2enrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin one blow on the Philistines0This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines”
115116:29dmd3on which the building rested0Alternate translation: “which held up the building”
115216:30mt5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHe stretched out with his strength0When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars”
115316:30i5lwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe dead0This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people”
115416:30u7ydwere more0Alternate translation: “were a greater amount”
115516:31rl5rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall the house of his father0Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his fathers family”
115616:31jg6mcame down0The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samsons family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
115716:31na1kZorah … Eshtaol0See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
115816:31de6cin the burial place of Manoah, his father0Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried”
115916:31i2d4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesManoah0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
116016:31wv8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSamson had judged Israel for twenty years0This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died”
116116:31vmv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty years0“20 years”
116217:introc4540# Judges 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Idols and figures\n\nAccording to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
116317:1rrp1rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participantsThere was a man0This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line.
116417:1ke46rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMicah0This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah.
116517:2c1x6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers1,100 pieces0“one thousand one hundred pieces”
116617:2k7itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat were taken from you0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you”
116717:2m56xI stole it0Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it”
116817:3z9j9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers1,100 pieces0“one thousand one hundred”
116917:3p6ydrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomset apart0This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate”
117017:3sc6vcast metal0metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
117117:3ss9uI restore it to you0Alternate translation: “I give it back to you”
117217:4xsr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwo hundred pieces of silver0“200 pieces of silver”
117317:4r9hlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethey were placed in the house of Micah0The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house”
117417:5f5zyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita house of idols0This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols”
117517:6mxx3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoreveryone did what was right in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right”
117617:7z9bcof Bethlehem0Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem”
117717:7u5wvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitof the clan of Judah0This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah”
117817:7ktm7He stayed there to fulfill his duties0Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there”
117917:8pd1zfind a place to live0Alternate translation: “find a different place to live”
118017:9u9x8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwhere I might live0It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job”
118117:10s5tzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya father and a priest0The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest”
118217:10mw13I will give you ten pieces of silver a year0Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
118317:10j73ea suit of clothes0Alternate translation: “a set of clothes”
118417:10tm7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSo the Levite went into his house0It is implied that the Levite accepted Micahs offer, and therefore, entered Micahs house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house”
118517:11mvs9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethe young man became to Micah like one of his sons0The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons”
118617:12t9anrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomMicah set apart the Levite0Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite”
118717:12s6d6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywas in Micahs house0Here living in Micahs house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micahs house”
118818:introy2ru0# Judges 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tribe of Dan\n\nThe tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes victories. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
118918:1d1r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIn those days0This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line.
119018:1w9qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundIn those days … from among the tribes of Israel0This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan.
119118:1g4f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitnot received any inheritance from0This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from”
119218:2f83trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the whole number of their tribe0The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe”
119318:2j6xdexperienced warriors0Alternate translation: “experienced fighters”
119418:2jv96Zorah0See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
119518:2cgy7Eshtaol0See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
119618:2wg6erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto scout the land on foot0The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it”
119718:2bt98Micah0See how you translated this mans name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
119818:3c2tlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythey recognized the speech of the young Levite0They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice”
119918:7i57prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesLaish0This is the name of a city.
120018:7a8c9There was no one who conquered0Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
120118:7ch81had no dealings with anyone0“had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
120218:8f5ilZorah0Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
120318:8lih2Eshtaol0Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
120418:9zpe9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre you doing nothing?0This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
120518:9n8umrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesDo not be slow to attack0These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack”
120618:10r61zthe land is wide0“the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
120718:10ab9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolethat does not lack anything in the land0The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need”
120818:10aj2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesthat does not lack anything0The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything”
120918:11b97lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersSix hundred men0“600 men”
121018:12z66irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKiriath Jearim0This is the name of a town.
121118:12q4cfMahaneh Dan0Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
121218:12f453rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto this day0This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name”
121318:14l46pLaish0Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
121418:14g3grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionin these houses there are an ephod, & metal figure? Decide … will do0The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod, … metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
121518:14g8xiin these houses there are0Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
121618:15cx88they turned in there0Alternate translation: “they turned”
121718:15tf6mthey greeted him0The word “him” refers to the Levite.
121818:16m84vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberssix hundred Danites0“600 Danites”
121918:17a6nqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberssix hundred men0“600 men”
122018:19fje7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs it better for you to be priest for the house of one man … a clan in Israel?0They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.”
122118:20z2bprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe priests heart was glad0Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad”
122218:21v31erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThey put the small children in front of themselves0They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them”
122318:21t33ethey turned0Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around”
122418:22p9e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma good distance0“some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress.
122518:22l34erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe men who were in the houses near Micahs house were called together0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house”
122618:22vkf1they caught up with the Danites0This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
122718:23c2k3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy have you been called together?0This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.”
122818:23sbb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivebeen called together0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together”
122918:24dy7irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe gods that I made0Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me”
123018:24edz2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat else do I have left?0Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.”
123118:24i1v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow can you ask me, What is bothering you?0Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’”
123218:25yzy3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylet us hear you say anything0The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this”
123318:25pgt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithear you say anything0The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micahs house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened”
123418:25fqe4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou and your family will be killed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family”
123518:26g59xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwent their way0This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling”
123618:26v6dfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey were too strong for him0This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight”
123718:27k9pyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhat Micah had made0Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micahs things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123818:27fw33Laish0See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
123918:27r1pvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewith the edge of the sword0“with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle.
124018:28p5rbthey had no dealings with anyone0this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
124118:28vw28rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Rehob0This is a name of a town.
124218:30z23nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitJonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses0This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levites name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
124318:30myi7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoruntil the day of the lands captivity0This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive”
124418:31m78zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythat he made0Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him”
124519:introgj7f0# Judges 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The sin of Benjamin\n\nPeople from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitors wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
124619:1akh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIn those days0This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line.
124719:1u1qsremote0far from where most people live
124819:2p37krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwas unfaithful to him0This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men”
124919:3e9q8His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys0Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
125019:4bhr2His father-in-law, the girls father, persuaded0Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girls father, persuaded” or “The girls father persuaded”
125119:4v2kwpersuaded him to stay0Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
125219:5in6xhe prepared0the Levite prepared
125319:5kp5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheStrengthen yourself with a bit of bread0Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel”
125419:6j88kPlease be willing to spend the night0Alternate translation: “Please stay another night”
125519:8a9urrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyStrengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon0The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
125619:9lvj4now the day is advancing toward evening0Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
125719:10amf9that is Jerusalem0Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem”
125819:11l8errc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomCome, let us0This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we”
125919:11k4l3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturn aside to0This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at”
126019:12yc4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturn aside into0This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at”
126119:13mke2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomCome, let us0This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we”
126219:15fgr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturned aside0This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped”
126319:15bqt5the city square0the marketplace where people gathered during the day
126419:15w9nyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtook them into his house0This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night”
126519:16z1l2Benjamites0A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
126619:17lsd3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe raised his eyes0Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up”
126719:17h3nhthe city square0the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md).
126819:18jzg4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho will take me into his house0This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house”
126919:18c5tirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewill take me0Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us”
127019:19he3wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethere is bread and wine0Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine”
127119:19gw93rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personme and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants0The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant”
127219:19w8hbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesWe lack nothing0This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need”
127319:20ep3pOnly do not0“Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
127419:20jm1psquare0This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md).
127519:21z5ahrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombrought the Levite into his house0This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the mans concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
127619:22dx6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey were making their hearts glad0The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves”
127719:22q1dhsome men of … surrounded the house0Some men stood on all sides of the house.
127819:24k4nmSee0This word is used to get the peoples attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
127919:25lk3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe men would not listen to him0Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer”
128019:25ty8ithe man seized his concubine0there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
128119:25d28fat dawn0“when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
128219:26irp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomit was light0This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen”
128319:28gk5src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitBut there was no answer0The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead”
128419:29r79arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlimb by limb0“section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a persons arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation.
128519:29fx7urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwelve pieces0“12 pieces”
128619:29xd3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitsent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel0This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel”
128720:introlla10# Judges 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Benjamin destroyed\n\nThe army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
128820:1wg4prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileas one man0This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man”
128920:1jp6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismfrom Dan to Beersheba0This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes”
129020:2ze7sGod—400,000 men on foot0Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
129120:2hzs8ready to fight0“capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
129220:3sl7gNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
129320:3x8r4had gone up to Mizpah0Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
129420:4sa27to spend the night0Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night”
129520:6gkc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadyswickedness and outrage0The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness”
129620:7h9h3Now0This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
129720:7wp5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletgive your advice and counsel here0The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this”
129820:8s9g2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileas one0This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man”
129920:8s835rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismNone of us will go to his tent … none of us will return to his house0These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
130020:9xy7lBut now0These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
130120:9l369as the lot directs0This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
130220:10wsa9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersten men of a hundred … one hundred of a thousand … one thousand of ten thousand0“10 men out of 100 … 100 out of 1,000 … 1,000 out of 10,000”
130320:10mm9kprovisions0food and other things the people need
130420:11wfs1assembled against the city0Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city”
130520:13m9f5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomput them to death0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them”
130620:13n1zxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe voice of their brothers0Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said”
130720:15s9kurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-six thousand0“26,000”
130820:15g1vkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseven hundred0“700”
130920:16a8xmleft-handed0A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
131020:16u1tjcould sling a stone at a hair and not miss0This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
131120:17apy5not counting0Alternate translation: “not including”
131220:17g8szrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers400,0000“four hundred thousand men”
131320:18w2v7asked for advice from God0Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
131420:19k8jqmoved their camp near Gibeah0There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
131520:21vj4crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-two thousand0“22,000”
131620:22cr9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomstrengthened themselves0Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other.
131720:22wb6tthey formed the battle line0This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next days fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
131820:23cpc2they sought direction from Yahweh0The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine Gods will.
131920:25t59rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighteen thousand0“18,000”
132020:26y97xbefore Yahweh0Alternate translation: “in Yahwehs presence” or “to Yahweh”
132120:27usm6rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundfor the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days0This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer.
132220:27cs7awas there in those days0Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days”
132320:28ly8erc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundand Phinehas … was serving before the ark in those days0This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer.
132420:28d9marc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwas serving before the ark0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark”
132520:28w427rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAttack0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin”
132620:29f7uqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIsrael set men0Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites”
132720:29k5i5secret places0Alternate translation: “in ambush”
132820:31t9ehrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfought against the people0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel”
132920:31d8merc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethey were drawn away from the city0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city”
133020:31z77crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThey began to kill some of the people0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel”
133120:32e81wjust as at first0Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times”
133220:33a2ikrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaal Tamar0This is the name of a city.
133320:33swx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMaareh Gibeah0This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.”
133420:34de7zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersten thousand0“10,000”
133520:34wk8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomchosen men0This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier”
133620:34p4k5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordisaster was close to them0Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated”
133720:35bt91rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers25,100 men0“twenty-five thousand one hundred men”
133820:36mrd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundThe men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah0From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites.
133920:36i3rurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhad given ground to Benjamin0This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward”
134020:36sq9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey were counting on the men0This is an idiom that means they trusted their men.
134120:39t29bwould turn from the battle0Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
134220:39vbr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethey are defeated before us0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them”
134320:41ltm1disaster0great harm, trouble, misery
134420:41jg8prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcome on them0This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them”
134520:42pdp2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationBut the fighting overtook them0This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting”
134620:43xh56rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNohah0This is the name of a place.
134720:43cis4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortrampled them down0The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them”
134820:44jd79rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighteen thousand0“18,000”
134920:44c8twwere distinguished in battle0Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle”
135020:45akn8They turned and fled0Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
135120:45e3csrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfive thousand … two thousand0“5,000 … 2,000”
135220:45y3ryrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGidom0This is the name of a place.
135320:46d674rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-five thousand0“25,000”
135420:47h1circ://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberssix hundred0“600”
135520:48h7m3turned back against the people of Benjamin0These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
135620:48l4rwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe city0Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city”
135720:48ue39rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin their path0This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to”
135821:introbf760# Judges 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sin and immorality\n\nAt the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
135921:1w65erc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow the men of Israel had made a promise … marry a Benjamite.”0This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites.
136021:1rw2tBenjamite0This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
136121:3q8cbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today?0The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.”
136221:5xs35The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?”0The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
136321:5p72frc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundFor they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.”0This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
136421:5flc8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHe would certainly be put to death0Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person”
136521:6yb7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortheir brother Benjamin0This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israels brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites”
136621:6j93prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorone tribe has been cut off from Israel0The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
136721:7dms9Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters?0The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
136821:8vtf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJabesh Gilead0This is the name of a city.
136921:9jyg7people were set out in an orderly manner0Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
137021:9qs2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitnone of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there0This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah”
137121:10p52brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwelve thousand0“12,000”
137221:10qw5xstrike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children0The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
137321:10ajh8strike … with the edge of the sword0Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords”
137421:12n2u2Jabesh Gilead0This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
137521:12ani7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfour hundred young women0“400 young women”
137621:12w47brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismwho had not known a man by lying with him0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man”
137721:13c39brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthey were offering them peace0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them”
137821:14h1adJabesh Gilead0This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
137921:14iu7gthere were not enough women for all of them0There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
138021:15v114made a division between the tribes of Israel0Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
138121:16sc2bBenjamites0This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
138221:16rgy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe women of Benjamin have been killed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women”
138321:17mk7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleThere must be an inheritance … is not destroyed from Israel0The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed.
138421:18qnk3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea wife to Benjamin0Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin”
138521:19u453rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundwhich is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah0This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located.
138621:19m2hzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesLebonah0This is the name of a city.
138721:21am3frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-expliciteach one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin0It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife”
138821:22z5ggrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsShow us favor0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us”
138921:22zsi5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbecause we did not get wives for each man during the war0The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead”
139021:22pcc6You are innocent … not give your daughters to them0This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
139121:23ng9rthe number of wives that they needed0This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
139221:25b8xethere was no king in Israel0Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king”
139321:25d46grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat was right in his own eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right”