unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_46-ROM.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	ROM	1	1	sg88		κλητὸς	1	called	This means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
3	ROM	1	2	r5x7		ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις	1	which he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scriptures	God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the Scriptures.
4	ROM	1	3	lk5q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
5	ROM	1	4	z3yq			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul talks here about his obligation to preach.
6	ROM	1	4	m89w		Πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης	1	Spirit of holiness	This refers to the Holy Spirit.
7	ROM	1	8	e6el		ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ	1	the whole world	the world Paul and his readers knew and could travel in, which was the Roman Empire
8	ROM	1	9	dx6p		ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου	1	in my spirit	A person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him.
9	ROM	1	9	rnp6		τῷ ... εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	the gospel of his Son	The good news (gospel) of the Bible is that the Son of God has given himself as the Savior of the world.
10	ROM	1	9	r2l5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
11	ROM	1	9	f9p2		μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμαι	1	I make mention of you	I talk to God about you
12	ROM	1	10	mdc8			0	I always request in my prayers that ... I may at last be successful ... in coming to you	Every time I pray, I ask God that ... I may succeed ... in coming to visit you
13	ROM	1	10	zfp4		εἴ πως	1	by any means	in whatever way God allows
14	ROM	1	10	b5wy		ἐν τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	by the will of God	because God desires it
15	ROM	1	11	n5ql			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues his opening statements to the people in Rome by stating his desire to see them in person.
16	ROM	1	11	ki6h		ἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς	1	For I desire to see you	Because I really want to see you
17	ROM	1	13	u1cq		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
18	ROM	1	13	j96v		τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν	1	the rest of the Gentiles	the Gentiles in the other regions where he had gone
19	ROM	1	16	f5x9		Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι	1	for the Jew first and for the Greek	for Jewish people and also for Greek people
20	ROM	1	18	gqv3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reveals God's great anger against sinful man.
21	ROM	1	20	uvc1		κόσμου	1	world	This refers to the heavens and the earth, as well as everything in them.
22	ROM	1	20	dxr6		τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους	1	they are without excuse	these people can never say that they did not know
23	ROM	1	22	ddr2		φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ, ἐμωράνθησαν	1	They claimed to be wise, but they became foolish	While they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish
24	ROM	1	22	ly68			0	They ... they	the people in [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md)
25	ROM	1	23	x2wl		ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ	1	for the likenesses of an image of	and instead chose to worship idols that looked like
26	ROM	1	23	r14e		φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	perishable man	some human being that will die
27	ROM	1	23	u971		ἑρπετῶν	1	of birds, of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things	or that looked like birds, four-footed beasts, or creeping things
28	ROM	1	24	fvv6		διὸ	1	Therefore	Because what I have just said is true
29	ROM	1	24	ec9q		παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν	1	God gave them over to	God allowed them to indulge in
30	ROM	1	25	v89u		παρὰ	1	instead of	rather than
31	ROM	1	26	jb2g		διὰ τοῦτο	1	Because of this	Because of idolatry and sexual sin
32	ROM	1	26	pil3		παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς	1	God gave them over to	God allowed them to indulge in
33	ROM	1	26	hw81		πάθη ἀτιμίας	1	dishonorable passions	shameful sexual desires
34	ROM	1	26	j4ni		αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν	1	for their women	because their women
35	ROM	1	27	c7ja		ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους	1	burned in their lust for one another	experienced strong sexual desire for other men
36	ROM	1	27	gn3f		τὴν ... ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι	1	committed shameless acts	committed acts for which they should have been ashamed, but they were not ashamed
37	ROM	1	27	qvi3		ἄρσεσιν ... καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες	1	men and received in themselves the penalty they deserved for their error	men, and God has punished them justly for the error they committed
38	ROM	1	27	yvm1		τῆς ... πλάνης	1	error	moral wrong, not a mistake about facts
39	ROM	1	28	cx7y		καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν, τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει	1	Because they did not approve of having God in their awareness	They did not think it was necessary to know God
40	ROM	1	30	f4tt		καταλάλους	1	slanderers	A slanderer says false things about another person in order to damage that person's reputation.
41	ROM	1	30	th8q		ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν	1	inventing ways of doing evil	thinking of new ways to do evil things to others
42	ROM	1	32	cxx8		οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες	1	They understand the regulations of God	They know how God wants them to live
43	ROM	1	32	z12q		ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν	1	are deserving of death	deserve to die
44	ROM	1	32	ama2		αὐτὰ	1	these things	these kinds of evil things
45	ROM	2	1	y6ts			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul has affirmed all men are sinners and continues to remind them that all people are wicked.
46	ROM	2	1	x3mi	figs-apostrophe	εἶ	1	you are	Paul is writing here as if he were addressing a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
47	ROM	2	1	ybp2		ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίνεις τὸν ἕτερον, σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις	1	for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself	But you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do
48	ROM	2	2	rgw4		τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας	1	those who practice such things	the people who do those wicked deeds
49	ROM	2	3	ijd6		λογίζῃ ... τοῦτο	1	consider this	think about what I am going to tell you
50	ROM	2	3	rk75		ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά	1	you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same things	you who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds
51	ROM	2	5	t8pv			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to remind the people that all people are wicked.
52	ROM	2	6	c4dn		ἀποδώσει	1	pay back	give a fair reward or punishment
53	ROM	2	6	gj1q		ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ	1	to every person according to his actions	each person according to what that person has done
54	ROM	2	7	gec6		ζητοῦσιν	1	have sought	This means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day.
55	ROM	2	7	ub51		δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν	1	praise, honor, and incorruptibility	They want God to praise and honor them, and they want to never die.
56	ROM	2	7	m341		ἀφθαρσίαν	1	incorruptibility	This refers to physical, not moral, decay.
57	ROM	2	8	guq1			0	Connecting Statement:	Though this section is speaking to the non-religious wicked person, Paul sums it up by stating both non-Jews and Jews are wicked before God.
58	ROM	2	8	fcb4	figs-parallelism	καὶ ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ	1	disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
59	ROM	2	9	n7q4		τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν	1	has practiced evil	has continually done evil things
60	ROM	2	9	a9s5		Ἕλληνος	1	to the Jew first, and also to the Greek	God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people
61	ROM	2	10	vt1f		δόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ	1	But praise, honor, and peace will come	But God will give praise, honor, and peace
62	ROM	2	10	i9tg		τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν	1	practices good	continually does what is good
63	ROM	2	10	zg3s		Ἕλληνι	1	to the Jew first, and also to the Greek	God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people
64	ROM	2	10	ib56		πρῶτον	1	first	You should translate this the same way you did in [Romans 2:9](../02/09.md).
65	ROM	2	12	wkx8		ὅσοι γὰρ ... ἥμαρτον	1	For as many as have sinned	For those who have sinned
66	ROM	2	12	m6cy		ὅσοι ... ἥμαρτον	1	as many as have sinned	all those who have sinned
67	ROM	2	13	sw8x			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to let the reader know that perfect obedience to God's law is required even for those who never had God's law.
68	ROM	2	13	k32u		γὰρ	1	For	Verses 14 and 15 interrupt Paul's main argument to give the reader extra information. If you have a way to mark an interruption like this in your language, you can use it here.
69	ROM	2	13	eg4h		δίκαιοι παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ	1	who are righteous before God	whom God considers righteous
70	ROM	2	13	s4na		ἀλλ’ οἱ ποιηταὶ νόμου	1	but it is the doers of the law	but it is those who obey the law of Moses
71	ROM	2	15	xl6v		οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται	1	By this they show	By naturally obeying the law they show
72	ROM	2	17	lc6m			0	Connecting Statement:	Here begins Paul's discussion that the law the Jews possess actually condemns them because they do not obey it.
73	ROM	2	17	cnq7		εἰ ... σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ	1	if you call yourself a Jew	since you call yourself a Jew
74	ROM	2	18	l3we		γινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα	1	know his will	and know God's will
75	ROM	2	20	p7qq		παιδευτὴν ἀφρόνων	1	a corrector of the foolish	you correct those who do wrong
76	ROM	2	25	i497			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to show that God, by his law, condemns even the Jews who have God's law.
77	ROM	2	25	jg8q		περιτομὴ μὲν γὰρ ὠφελεῖ	1	For circumcision indeed benefits you	I say all of this because being circumcised does benefit you
78	ROM	2	25	sbm3		ἐὰν ... παραβάτης νόμου ᾖς	1	if you break the law	if you do not obey the commandments found in the law
79	ROM	2	25	xq62		ἡ περιτομή σου, ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν	1	your circumcision becomes uncircumcision	it is as though you were no longer circumcised
80	ROM	2	26	vt7f		ἡ ἀκροβυστία	1	the uncircumcised person	the person who is not circumcised
81	ROM	2	26	nf3j		τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ	1	keeps the requirements of the law	obeys what God commands in the law
82	ROM	2	28	g2vh		ἐν τῷ φανερῷ	1	outwardly	This refers to Jewish rituals, such as circumcision, which people can see.
83	ROM	2	28	bl6h		ἐν τῷ φανερῷ ... ἐν ... σαρκὶ	1	merely outward in the flesh	This refers to the physical change to a man's body when someone circumcises him.
84	ROM	2	29	v149		ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ	1	inwardly	This refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed.
85	ROM	3	1	v788			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law.
86	ROM	3	4	kz4j		γινέσθω δὲ	1	Instead, let	We should say this instead, let
87	ROM	3	6	gd5f		μὴ γένοιτο	1	May it never be	We must never say that God is unrighteous
88	ROM	3	7	b9k1	figs-rquestion	εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ψεύσματι ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι	1	But if the truth of God through my lie provides abundant praise for him, why am I still being judged as a sinner?	Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel. That adversary argues, because his sin shows the righteousness of God, then God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
89	ROM	3	8	kb9d		καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα	1	as we are falsely reported to say	some lie to tell others that this is what we are saying
90	ROM	3	8	cn1c		ὧν τὸ κρίμα ἔνδικόν ἐστιν	1	The judgment on them is just	It will be only fair when God condemns these enemies of Paul, for telling lies about what Paul has been teaching.
91	ROM	3	9	z3wu			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul sums up that all are guilty of sin, none are righteous, and no one seeks God.
92	ROM	3	17	zk1i		ἔγνωσαν	1	These people	These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md).
93	ROM	3	18	cpf2		αὐτῶν	1	their	This word refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md).
94	ROM	3	19	n399		τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ	1	the ones who are under the law	those who must obey the law
95	ROM	3	20	wtp4		διὰ ... νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας	1	through the law comes the knowledge of sin	when someone knows God's law, he realizes that he has sinned
96	ROM	3	25	ieq9		τὴν πάρεσιν	1	disregard	Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving.
97	ROM	3	26	lm1r		πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ	1	This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time	He did this to show how God makes people right with himself
98	ROM	3	26	cg55		εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ	1	This was so he could prove himself just, and to show that he justifies anyone because of faith in Jesus	By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus
99	ROM	3	28	ycx2		χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου	1	without works of the law	even if he has done no works of the law
100	ROM	3	31	if2b			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul confirms the law though faith.
101	ROM	3	31	y6qx		νόμον ... ἱστάνομεν	1	we uphold the law	we obey the law
102	ROM	3	31	nzr7	figs-inclusive	καταργοῦμεν	1	we	This pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
103	ROM	4	intro	f9jc			0		# Romans 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 7-8 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The purpose of the law of Moses<br>Paul builds upon material from chapter 3. He explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Even Abraham could not be justified by what he did. Obeying the law of Moses does not make a person right with God. Obeying God's commands is a way a person shows they believe in God. People have always been justified only by faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descendant of Abraham. It was also a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. However, no person was justified only by being circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
104	ROM	4	1	gw29			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul confirms that even in the past believers were made right with God by faith and not by the law.
105	ROM	4	5	ynp2		ἐπὶ τὸν δικαιοῦντα	1	in the one who justifies	in God, who justifies
106	ROM	4	6	fhq9		καθάπερ καὶ Δαυεὶδ λέγει τὸν μακαρισμὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ᾧ ὁ Θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην χωρὶς ἔργων	1	David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness without works	David also wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works
107	ROM	4	10	p5rp		οὐκ ἐν περιτομῇ, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ	1	It was not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision	It happened before he was circumcised, not after he was circumcised
108	ROM	4	11	i2vz		δι’ ἀκροβυστίας	1	even if they are in uncircumcision	even if they are not circumcised
109	ROM	4	14	cf9t	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι	1	heirs	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110	ROM	4	14	gd78		κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία	1	faith is made empty, and the promise is void	faith has no value, and the promise is meaningless
111	ROM	4	16	d4jz		διὰ τοῦτο	1	For this reason	So
112	ROM	4	16	ns6r		τῷ ... ἐκ τοῦ νόμου	1	those who are under the law	This refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses.
113	ROM	4	17	uun9		καλοῦντος τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα	1	calls the things that do not exist into existence	created everything from nothing
114	ROM	4	21	y2sh		καὶ πληροφορηθεὶς	1	He was fully convinced	Abraham was completely sure
115	ROM	4	21	sbu3		δυνατός ἐστιν καὶ ποιῆσαι	1	he was also able to accomplish	God was able to do
116	ROM	4	23	r65c		δι’ αὐτὸν μόνον	1	only for his benefit	for Abraham only
117	ROM	5	1	xmp3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to tell many different things that happen when God makes believers right with him.
118	ROM	5	1	age4		δικαιωθέντες οὖν	1	Since we are justified	Because we are justified
119	ROM	5	1	p11y		διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	through our Lord Jesus Christ	because of our Lord Jesus Christ
120	ROM	5	3	u14f	figs-inclusive		0	we ... our ... We	These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
121	ROM	5	4	sx5f		ἐλπίδα	1	certain hope	This is the certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who trust in Christ.
122	ROM	5	5	i8pd	figs-inclusive		0	our ... us	These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
123	ROM	5	7	xv5w		μόλις γὰρ ὑπὲρ δικαίου τις ἀποθανεῖται	1	For one will hardly die for a righteous man	It is hard to find someone who is willing to die, even for a righteous man
124	ROM	5	7	nnj9			0	That is, perhaps someone would dare to die for a good person	But you might find someone who is willing to die for such a good person
125	ROM	5	9	nvs3	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἵματι	1	blood	This is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
126	ROM	5	9	sh8f		σωθησόμεθα	1	saved	This means that through Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross, God has forgiven us and rescued us from being punished in hell for our sin.
127	ROM	5	10	u6bn			0	his Son ... his life	God's Son ... the life of God's Son
128	ROM	5	10	cu3c	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ ... Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
129	ROM	5	12	hjx4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains why death happened even before God gave the law to Moses.
130	ROM	5	14	t481		καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ	1	even over those who did not sin like Adam's disobedience	even people whose sins were different from Adam's continue to die
131	ROM	5	14	hdj4		ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος	1	who is a pattern of him who was to come	Adam was a pattern of Christ, who appeared much later. He had much in common with him.
132	ROM	5	16	uh4x		ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων	1	followed many trespasses	after the sins of many
133	ROM	5	17	f94r		τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι	1	trespass of the one	This refers to the sin of Adam.
134	ROM	5	18	wgh4		δι’ ἑνὸς ... δικαιώματος	1	one act	the sacrifice of Jesus Christ
135	ROM	5	19	j5yh		παρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου	1	one man's disobedience	the disobedience of Adam
136	ROM	5	19	aa3e		τῆς ... ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς	1	the obedience of the one	the obedience of Jesus
137	ROM	5	20	c59u		ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία	1	sin abounded	sin increased
138	ROM	5	21	ew1b	figs-inclusive	τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	our Lord	Paul includes himself, his readers, and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
139	ROM	6	1	x13n			0	Connecting Statement:	Under grace, Paul tells those who believe in Jesus to live a new life as though dead to sin and alive to God.
140	ROM	6	4	ps5d		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
141	ROM	6	6	m7c2		ὁ παλαιὸς ... ἄνθρωπος	1	old man	This means the person who once was, but who does not exist now.
142	ROM	6	9	kl3e		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again.
143	ROM	6	11	cac8		οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, λογίζεσθε	1	In the same way, you also must consider	For this reason consider
144	ROM	6	11	q4ky		νεκροὺς μὲν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ζῶντας δὲ τῷ Θεῷ	1	dead to sin, but alive to God	dead to the power of sin, but living to honor God
145	ROM	6	11	vtl1		ζῶντας ... τῷ Θεῷ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	alive to God in Christ Jesus	living to honor God through the power Christ Jesus gives you
146	ROM	6	12	dng2			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds us that grace rules over us, not the law; we are not sin's slaves, but God's slaves.
147	ROM	6	12	r462	figs-personification	εἰς τὸ ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις αὐτοῦ	1	in order that you may obey its lusts	Paul speaks of a person having evil desires as if it sin were a master that had evil desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
148	ROM	6	16	w9wf			0	which leads to death ... which leads to righteousness	which results in death ... which results in righteousness
149	ROM	6	17	dz5x		χάρις δὲ τῷ Θεῷ	1	But thanks be to God!	But I thank God!
150	ROM	6	22	a478		τὸ δὲ τέλος ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	The result is eternal life	The result of all of this is that you will live forever with God
151	ROM	6	23	pf3s		τὸ δὲ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιος ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν	1	but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord	but God gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord
152	ROM	7	1	nj1k			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains how the law controls those who want to live under the law.
153	ROM	7	1	r9fl		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
154	ROM	7	2	iu7r		ἡ ... ὕπανδρος γυνὴ	1	the married woman	This refers to any woman who is married.
155	ROM	7	4	ne64		ὥστε, ἀδελφοί μου	1	Therefore, my brothers	This relates back to [Romans 7:1](../07/01.md).
156	ROM	7	4	u5nu		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
157	ROM	7	6	mze7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds us that God does not make us holy by the law.
158	ROM	7	6	j6i3	figs-inclusive	κατηργήθημεν	1	we	This pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
159	ROM	7	7	k1jj	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν	1	What will we say then?	Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
160	ROM	7	7	zl8m	figs-personification	τὴν ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἔγνων, εἰ μὴ διὰ νόμου	1	I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law	Paul is speaking of sin as if it were a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
161	ROM	7	7	n43p		ἁμαρτία	1	sin	my desire to sin
162	ROM	7	8	mz77	figs-personification		0	But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust	Paul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
163	ROM	7	8	nj21		ἐπιθυμίαν	1	lust	This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire.
164	ROM	7	8	r5i2		χωρὶς ... νόμου, ἁμαρτία νεκρά	1	without the law, sin is dead	if there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin
165	ROM	7	11	qi99		ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία	1	sin	my desire to sin
166	ROM	7	11	cw46	figs-personification	ἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς	1	took the opportunity through the commandment	Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. See how you translated this in [Romans 7:8](../07/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
167	ROM	7	12	t9uk		ἅγιος	1	holy	Morally perfect, without sin
168	ROM	7	13	cz5k			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between sin in his inner man and his mind with the law of God—between sin and good.
169	ROM	7	13	us69		οὖν	1	So	Paul is introducing a new topic.
170	ROM	7	13	e1bx	figs-rquestion	τὸ ... ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος	1	did what is good become death to me?	Paul uses this question to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
171	ROM	7	13	g451		τὸ ... ἀγαθὸν	1	what is good	This refers to God's law.
172	ROM	7	13	qwe9		ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος	1	become death to me	cause me to die
173	ROM	7	13	m4l5	figs-personification		0	sin ... brought about death in me	Paul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
174	ROM	7	13	pnq6		μοι κατεργαζομένη θάνατον	1	brought about death in me	separated me from God
175	ROM	7	13	a6zb		διὰ ... τῆς ἐντολῆς	1	through the commandment	because I disobeyed the commandment
176	ROM	7	15	udc8			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between his flesh and the law of God—between sin and good.
177	ROM	7	15	u3av		ὃ γὰρ κατεργάζομαι, οὐ γινώσκω	1	For what I do, I do not really understand	I am not sure why I do some of the things that I do
178	ROM	7	15	hv9g		ὃ γὰρ κατεργάζομαι	1	For what I do	because what I do
179	ROM	7	16	y26s		εἰ δὲ ... τοῦτο ποιῶ	1	But if I do	However, if I do
180	ROM	7	16	q3b5		σύνφημι τῷ νόμῳ	1	I agree with the law	I know God's law is good
181	ROM	7	17	f6n8	figs-personification	ἡ ἐνοικοῦσα ἐν ἐμοὶ ἁμαρτία	1	the sin that lives in me	Paul describes sin as a living being that has the power to influence him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
182	ROM	7	22	m13q	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον	1	the inner man	This is the newly-revived spirit of a person who trusts in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183	ROM	7	23	clu4		βλέπω δὲ ἕτερον νόμον ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου, ἀντιστρατευόμενον τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ νοός μου, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντά με	1	But I see a different principle in my body parts. It fights against that new principle in my mind. It takes me captive	I am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me
184	ROM	7	23	t7yh		νόμῳ	1	new principle	This is the new spiritually alive nature.
185	ROM	7	23	fct8		ἕτερον νόμον ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου	1	a different principle in my body parts	This is the old nature, the way people are when they are born.
186	ROM	7	23	u4ny		τῷ νόμῳ ... τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τῷ ὄντι ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου	1	the principle of sin that is in my body parts	my sinful nature
187	ROM	7	24	nu6u		με ῥύσεται	1	deliver me	rescue me
188	ROM	7	24	md8e	figs-metaphor	τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου	1	this body of death	This is a metaphor that means a body that will experience physical death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189	ROM	7	25	w9ui		χάρις τῷ Θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	But thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord	This is the answer to the question in 7:24.
190	ROM	8	1	xq2y			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives the answer to the struggle he has with sin and good.
191	ROM	8	3	etf2		διὰ τῆς σαρκός	1	through the flesh	because of people's sinful nature
192	ROM	8	3	p4qq		τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Υἱὸν πέμψας, ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας, κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν	1	He ... sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh ... an offering for sin ... he condemned sin	The Son of God forever satisfied God's holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin.
193	ROM	8	3	csl8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸν	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
194	ROM	8	3	uf94		ἐν ... ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας	1	in the likeness of sinful flesh	who looked like any other sinful human being
195	ROM	8	3	hfr2		καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας	1	to be an offering for sin	so that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins
196	ROM	8	3	es29		κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐν τῇ σαρκί	1	he condemned sin in the flesh	God broke the power of sin through the body of his Son
197	ROM	8	4	a5t4		ἀλλὰ κατὰ Πνεῦμα	1	but according to the Spirit	but who obey the Holy Spirit
198	ROM	8	6	y6p7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to contrast the flesh with the Spirit we now have.
199	ROM	8	6	ec7j		θάνατος	1	death	Here this means the separation of a person from God.
200	ROM	8	8	me7u		οἱ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ὄντες	1	Those who are in the flesh	This refers to people who do what their sinful nature tells them to do.
201	ROM	8	9	e54u		ἐν ... Πνεύματι	1	in the Spirit	acting according to the Holy Spirit
202	ROM	8	9	p55f			0	Spirit ... God's Spirit ... Spirit of Christ	These all refer to the Holy Spirit.
203	ROM	8	10	e6g9	figs-idiom	τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν	1	the body is dead with respect to sin	Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
204	ROM	8	10	yb1b	figs-idiom	τὸ ... Πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην	1	the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness	Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205	ROM	8	11	b9pu		τοῦ ἐγείραντος	1	of him who raised	of God, who raised
206	ROM	8	12	mv1r		ἄρα οὖν	1	So then	Because what I have just told you is true
207	ROM	8	12	qw5b		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
208	ROM	8	13	ri75		εἰ γὰρ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆτε	1	For if you live according to the flesh	Because if you live only to please your sinful desires
209	ROM	8	13	b9n5		μέλλετε ἀποθνῄσκειν	1	you are about to die	you will certainly be separated from God
210	ROM	8	15	ecq3		ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν	1	by which we cry	who causes us to cry out
211	ROM	8	18	phk6			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds us as believers that our bodies will be changed at the redemption of our bodies in this section which ends in [Romans 8:25](../08/25.md).
212	ROM	8	19	d911	figs-personification	ἡ ... ἀποκαραδοκία τῆς κτίσεως, τὴν ... ἀπεκδέχεται	1	the eager expectation of the creation waits for	Paul describes everything that God created as a person who eagerly waits for something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
213	ROM	8	26	h8jy			0	Connecting Statement:	Though Paul has been emphasizing that there is a struggle in believers between the flesh and the Spirit, he affirms that the Spirit is aiding us.
214	ROM	8	26	jmp8		στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις	1	inexpressible groans	groanings that we cannot express in words
215	ROM	8	28	w4rz			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the believers that nothing can separate them from God's love.
216	ROM	8	29	m3vv		οὓς προέγνω	1	those whom he foreknew	those whom he knew before he even created them
217	ROM	8	29	yuw2	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
218	ROM	8	29	lf49		εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πρωτότοκον	1	that he might be the firstborn	so that his Son would be the firstborn
219	ROM	8	30	hg3f		οὓς δὲ προώρισεν	1	Those whom he predestined	Those whom God made plans for in advance
220	ROM	8	32	b3au		ἀλλὰ ... παρέδωκεν αὐτόν	1	but delivered him up	but put him under the control of his enemies
221	ROM	8	32	rib2		τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται	1	freely give us all things	kindly give us all things
222	ROM	8	35	q2dc	figs-doublet	θλῖψις, ἢ στενοχωρία	1	Tribulation, or distress	These words both mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
223	ROM	8	37	iui3		ὑπερνικῶμεν	1	we are more than conquerors	we have complete victory
224	ROM	8	38	js9q		ἀρχαὶ	1	governments	Possible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers.
225	ROM	8	38	q7ti		οὔτε ... δυνάμεις	1	nor powers	Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power.
226	ROM	9	1	b89f			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe.
227	ROM	9	1	yg93	figs-doublet	ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι	1	I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie	These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
228	ROM	9	1	h9mp		συνμαρτυρούσης μοι τῆς συνειδήσεώς μου ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1	my conscience bears witness with me in the Holy Spirit	the Holy Spirit controls my conscience and confirms what I say
229	ROM	9	2	jky1	figs-doublet	λύπη ... μεγάλη, καὶ ἀδιάλειπτος ὀδύνη	1	great sorrow and unceasing pain	These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how great his emotions are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
230	ROM	9	3	eg9b		τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
231	ROM	9	4	p1ys		οἵτινές εἰσιν Ἰσραηλεῖται	1	They are Israelites	They, like me, are Israelites. God chose them to be Jacob's descendants
232	ROM	9	6	s2ma			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul emphasizes that those who are born in the family of Israel can really only be a true part of Israel through faith.
233	ROM	9	6	wy8z		οὐ γὰρ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ οὗτοι, Ἰσραήλ	1	For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel	God did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who trust in Jesus.
234	ROM	9	7	s3rj		οὐδ’ ὅτι εἰσὶν σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ πάντες τέκνα	1	Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his children	Nor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants
235	ROM	9	8	y17u	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	children of God	This is a metaphor that refers to people who are spiritual descendants, those who have faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236	ROM	9	8	ta8t		τέκνα τῆς ... ἐπαγγελίας	1	children of the promise	This refers to people who will inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham.
237	ROM	9	9	up57		ἐπαγγελίας ... ὁ λόγος οὗτος	1	this is the word of promise	these are the words God used when he made the promise
238	ROM	9	10	icc1		κοίτην, ἔχουσα	1	had conceived	had become pregnant
239	ROM	9	11	h16y		μήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων, μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον	1	for the children were not yet born and had not yet done anything good or bad	before the children were born and before they had done anything, whether good or bad
240	ROM	9	11	a1gz		ἵνα ἡ κατ’ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις τοῦ Θεοῦ μένῃ	1	so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand	so that what God wants to happen according to His choice will happen
241	ROM	9	11	eez1		μήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων	1	for the children were not yet born	before the children were born
242	ROM	9	11	iw56		μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον	1	had not yet done anything good or bad	not because of anything they had done
243	ROM	9	11	d6mr			0	because of him	because of God
244	ROM	9	14	m8xk	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν	1	What then will we say?	Paul is using the question to get the attention of his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
245	ROM	9	16	d4f5		οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος, οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος	1	it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runs	it is not because of what people want or because they try hard
246	ROM	9	16	ues3	figs-metaphor	οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος	1	nor because of him who runs	Paul speaks of a person who does good things in order to gain God's favor as if that person were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
247	ROM	9	17	xu7s		ἐνδείξωμαι ... μου	1	I ... my	God is referring to himself.
248	ROM	9	17	nfv5	figs-you	σε	1	you	singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
249	ROM	9	18	a1uv		ὃν θέλει ... σκληρύνει	1	whom he wishes, he makes stubborn	God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn.
250	ROM	9	19	z4j2	figs-you	ἐρεῖς μοι οὖν	1	You will say then to me	Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
251	ROM	9	19	n1ti		τῷ γὰρ βουλήματι αὐτοῦ ... ἀνθέστηκεν	1	has ... withstood his will	has ... stopped him from doing what he wanted to do
252	ROM	9	25	eqc2			0	Connecting Statement:	In this section Paul explains how Israel's unbelief as a nation was told ahead of time by the prophet Hosea.
253	ROM	9	25	m82v	translate-names	τῷ Ὡσηὲ	1	Hosea	Hosea was a prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
254	ROM	9	25	gi5k		καλέσω τὸν οὐ λαόν‘ μου’, λαόν‘ μου	1	I will call my people who were not my people	I will choose for my people those who were not my people
255	ROM	9	27	zqi1		κράζει	1	cries out	calls out
256	ROM	9	30	ki4k		ὅτι ἔθνη	1	That the Gentiles	We will say that the Gentiles
257	ROM	9	30	bnl6		τὰ μὴ διώκοντα δικαιοσύνην	1	who were not pursuing righteousness	who were not trying to please God
258	ROM	9	33	u3dj	figs-doublet	λίθον προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτραν σκανδάλου	1	stone of stumbling and a rock of offense	Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259	ROM	10	1	pi37			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues stating his desire for Israel to believe but emphasizes that both those who are Jews as well as everyone else can only be saved by faith in Jesus.
260	ROM	10	1	hj4b		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
261	ROM	10	1	tmf2		ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	is for them, for their salvation	is that God will save the Jews
262	ROM	10	2	y7qg		μαρτυρῶ ... αὐτοῖς	1	I testify about them	I declare truthfully about them
263	ROM	10	3	a6r4		τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐχ ὑπετάγησαν	1	They did not submit to the righteousness of God	They did not accept God's way of putting people right with himself
264	ROM	10	4	x1w8		τέλος γὰρ νόμου Χριστὸς	1	For Christ is the fulfillment of the law	For Christ completely fulfilled the law
265	ROM	10	6	gi7s		τοῦτ’( ἔστιν Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν	1	that is, to bring Christ down	in order that they might have Christ come down to earth
266	ROM	10	7	iw13		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be brought up from among them is to become alive again.
267	ROM	10	7	t8dd		νεκρῶν	1	dead	This word speaks of physical death.
268	ROM	10	8	lh5d		τὸ ... ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως	1	the word of faith	God's message that tells us that we must believe in him
269	ROM	10	14	mrl8		πιστεύσωσιν οὗ	1	believe in	Here this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true.
270	ROM	10	17	nq87		ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ	1	hearing by the word of Christ	hearing by listening to the message about Christ
271	ROM	10	19	a7k7	figs-you	ὑμᾶς	1	you	This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
272	ROM	10	20	cv1x		Ἠσαΐας δὲ ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει	1	Then Isaiah was very bold when he says	This means the prophet Isaiah wrote what God had said.
273	ROM	10	20	t78j		ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην	1	I appeared	I made myself known
274	ROM	10	21	il8s		ἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα	1	I reached out my hands to a disobedient and stubborn people	I tried to welcome you and to help you, but you refused my help and continued to disobey
275	ROM	11	1	p2h9			0	Connecting Statement:	Though Israel as a nation has rejected God, God wants them to understand salvation comes by grace without works.
276	ROM	11	1	wp35		λέγω οὖν	1	I say then	I, Paul, say then
277	ROM	11	1	p4zd	figs-rquestion	μὴ ἀπώσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ	1	did God reject his people?	Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that God has included the Gentiles among his people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
278	ROM	11	1	bc4g		φυλῆς Βενιαμείν	1	tribe of Benjamin	This refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes into which God divided the people of Israel.
279	ROM	11	2	h4qe		ὃν προέγνω	1	whom he foreknew	whom he knew ahead of time
280	ROM	11	2	dd1e	figs-personification	τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή	1	what the scripture says	Paul is referring to the Scriptures as if they were able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
281	ROM	11	3	dv5u		ζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου	1	seeking my life	desiring to kill me
282	ROM	11	5	ce2r		λῖμμα	1	remnant	Here this means a small part of people whom God chose to receive his grace.
283	ROM	11	8	zyk1		ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν	1	eyes so that they should not see	The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding.
284	ROM	11	8	ny8w		ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν	1	ears so that they should not hear	The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience.
285	ROM	11	9	xex5		εἰς ... ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς	1	a retribution for them	something that allows you to take revenge on them
286	ROM	11	11	z8tw			0	Connecting Statement:	With Israel as a nation rejecting God, Paul warns the Gentiles to be careful they do not make the same mistake.
287	ROM	11	11	f1jw			0	provoke ... to jealousy	See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md).
288	ROM	11	12	dh1g		πλοῦτος κόσμου	1	the riches of the world	Because the Jews rejected Christ, God richly blessed the Gentiles by giving them the opportunity to receive Christ.
289	ROM	11	14	ua2k		παραζηλώσω	1	provoke to jealousy	See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md).
290	ROM	11	15	es22		εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου	1	For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world	For if because God rejected them, he will reconcile the rest of the world to himself
291	ROM	11	15	jn4l		νεκρῶν	1	the dead	These words speak of all dead people together in the underworld.
292	ROM	11	18	llz1	figs-metaphor	οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις, ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ	1	it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you	Again Paul implies that the Gentile believers are branches. God saves them only because of the covenant promises that he made to the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
293	ROM	11	22	xdm3		χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν Θεοῦ	1	the kind actions and the severity of God	Paul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them.
294	ROM	11	23	yjj6		ἐνκεντρίσαι	1	graft	This is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that the new branch will continue to grow in that tree.
295	ROM	11	26	ds7a			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul says that a deliverer will come out of Israel to the glory of God.
296	ROM	11	26	v96c		ὁ ῥυόμενος	1	the Deliverer	the one who brings his people to safety
297	ROM	11	26	at55	figs-metaphor	ἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας	1	He will remove ungodliness	Paul speaks of ungodliness as if it were an object that someone could remove, perhaps like someone removes a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298	ROM	11	30	bj8g		ὑμεῖς ποτε ἠπειθήσατε	1	you were formerly disobedient	you did not obey in the past
299	ROM	11	30	g3cn	figs-you	ὑμεῖς	1	you	This refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
300	ROM	11	33	u322		ὡς ἀνεξεραύνητα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ	1	How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discovering	We are completely unable to understand the things that he has decided and find out the ways in which he acts toward us
301	ROM	12	1	rhs3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve.
302	ROM	12	1	tyk7		τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν	1	This is your reasonable service	This is the right way to worship God
303	ROM	12	2	d2qq	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	this world	This refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
304	ROM	12	3	s6yg		παντὶ τῷ ὄντι ἐν ὑμῖν, μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν	1	that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think	that no one among you should think they are better than other people
305	ROM	12	3	me4t		ἀλλὰ φρονεῖν εἰς τὸ σωφρονεῖν	1	Instead, they should think in a wise way	But you should be wise in how you think about yourselves
306	ROM	12	4	zm8p		γὰρ	1	For	Paul uses this word to show that he will now explain why some Christians should not think they are better than others.
307	ROM	12	4	v2pi	figs-metaphor	ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, πολλὰ μέλη ἔχομεν	1	we have many members in one body	Paul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human body. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
308	ROM	12	4	v5iy		μέλη	1	members	These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands.
309	ROM	12	9	eaw7		ἡ ἀγάπη	1	love	The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
310	ROM	12	9	mr8i		ἡ ἀγάπη	1	love	This is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
311	ROM	12	10	ux2y		τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Concerning love of the brothers	As for how you love your fellow believers
312	ROM	12	11	iu2i		τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ Κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him	Do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord
313	ROM	12	12	l3es		τῇ ... θλίψει ὑπομένοντες	1	be patient in suffering	Wait patiently whenever you have troubles
314	ROM	12	13	exd8			0	Find many ways to show hospitality	Always welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay
315	ROM	12	16	ar7y		μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες	1	Do not think in proud ways	Do not think that you are more important than others
316	ROM	12	16	cc23		τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	accept lowly people	welcome people who do not seem important
317	ROM	12	16	h469		μὴ ... γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς	1	Do not be wise in your own thoughts	Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else
318	ROM	12	17	h2tz		μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες	1	Repay no one evil for evil	Do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you
319	ROM	12	17	fzh8		προνοούμενοι καλὰ ἐνώπιον πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	Do good things in the sight of all people	Do things that everyone considers to be good
320	ROM	12	18	pgt7		τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν, μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύοντες	1	as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people	do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone
321	ROM	12	20	e49j		ψώμιζε αὐτόν	1	feed him	give him some food
322	ROM	12	21	p7fd	figs-you	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ... τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil	These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
323	ROM	13	1	v5ik			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers.
324	ROM	13	1	g1by		ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις	1	higher authorities	government officials
325	ROM	13	1	emi2		γὰρ	1	for	because
326	ROM	13	1	wii2		οὐ ... ἔστιν ἐξουσία, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ	1	there is no authority unless it comes from God	all authority comes from God
327	ROM	13	3	m3yf		οἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες	1	For	Paul uses this word to begin his explanation of [Romans 13:2](../13/02.md) and to tell about what will result if the government condemns a person.
328	ROM	13	3	c2xa		οἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες οὐκ εἰσὶν φόβος	1	rulers are not a terror	Rulers do not make good people afraid.
329	ROM	13	3	ahl9		ἕξεις ἔπαινον ἐξ αὐτῆς	1	you will receive his approval	The government will say good things about people who do what is good.
330	ROM	13	4	s3vz	figs-metonymy	τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ	1	carry the sword	Roman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
331	ROM	13	5	q81v		οὐ μόνον διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience	not only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God
332	ROM	13	6	r1jy		διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ	1	Because of this	Because the government punishes evildoers
333	ROM	13	6	r4b3	figs-you	τελεῖτε	1	you pay	Paul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
334	ROM	13	6	hy4f		γὰρ ... εἰσιν	1	For authorities	This is why you should pay taxes: authorities
335	ROM	13	7	z9cn	figs-you	ἀπόδοτε πᾶσι	1	Pay to everyone	Paul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
336	ROM	13	7	s2nf		τὸ τέλος	1	toll	This is a kind of tax.
337	ROM	13	8	s8pb			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells believers how to act toward neighbors.
338	ROM	13	8	p6cw	figs-you	ὀφείλετε	1	Owe	This verb is plural and applies to all the Roman Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
339	ROM	13	8	ay3n		εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν	1	except to love one another	This is the one debt that can remain as shown in the note above.
340	ROM	13	8	i5au		ἀγαπᾶν	1	love	This refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
341	ROM	13	9	wad4		ἐπιθυμήσεις	1	covet	to desire to have or possess something that another person possesses.
342	ROM	13	11	b6l3	figs-metaphor	εἰδότες τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι	1	you know the time, that it is already time for you to awake out of sleep	Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to change their behavior as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343	ROM	13	13	gv4q	figs-inclusive	περιπατήσωμεν	1	Let us	Paul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
344	ROM	13	13	h6xl		ἔριδι	1	strife	This refers to plotting against and arguing with other people.
345	ROM	13	13	g117		ζήλῳ	1	jealousy	This refers to negative feelings against another person's success or advantage over others.
346	ROM	13	14	sir6	figs-metaphor	ἐνδύσασθε τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν	1	put on the Lord Jesus Christ	Paul speaks of accepting the moral nature of Christ as if he were our outer clothing that people can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
347	ROM	13	14	j795		ἐνδύσασθε	1	put on	If your language has a plural form for commands, use it here.
348	ROM	14	1	abm6			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages believers to remember that they are answerable to God.
349	ROM	14	1	jf8v		τὸν δὲ ἀσθενοῦντα τῇ πίστει	1	weak in faith	This refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things.
350	ROM	14	1	p697		μὴ εἰς διακρίσεις διαλογισμῶν	1	without giving judgment about arguments	and do not condemn them for their opinions
351	ROM	14	2	n2n6		ὁ ... ἀσθενῶν λάχανα ἐσθίει	1	another who is weak eats only vegetables	This describes a person who believes God does not want him to eat meat.
352	ROM	14	5	x7j2			0	One person values one day above another. Another values every day equally	One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same
353	ROM	14	7	u9ar	figs-inclusive	οὐδεὶς ... ἡμῶν	1	none of us	Paul is including his readers, so this is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
354	ROM	14	10	al55		τὸν ἀδελφόν	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
355	ROM	14	12	nsy8		περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, λόγον δώσει τῷ Θεῷ	1	will give an account of himself to God	will have to explain our actions to God
356	ROM	14	13	cx4s		τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
357	ROM	14	15	ln42		ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
358	ROM	14	16	gl48		μὴ βλασφημείσθω οὖν ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν	1	So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evil	If someone thinks that something is evil, do not do it, even if you consider it to be good
359	ROM	14	21	mrr4			0	It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense	It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin
360	ROM	14	21	iq9g		ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
361	ROM	14	22	hjk9		σὺ πίστιν ἣν ἔχεις	1	The faith you have	This refers back to the beliefs about food and drink.
362	ROM	14	22	b3hi	figs-you		0	you ... yourself	singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
363	ROM	14	22	r53r		μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτὸν ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει	1	Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves	Blessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do
364	ROM	15	intro	ae9u			0		# Romans 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 9-11 and 21 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words in verse 12.<br><br>In [Romans 15:14](../../rom/15/14.md), Paul begins to speak more personally. He shifts from teaching to telling of his personal plans.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Strong/Weak<br>These terms are used to refer to people who are mature and immature in their faith. Paul teaches that those who are strong in faith need to help those who are weak in faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
365	ROM	15	1	cx66			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul concludes this section about believers' living for others with reminding them how Christ lived.
366	ROM	15	1	u19s		δὲ	1	Now	Translate this using the words your language uses to introduce a new idea into an argument.
367	ROM	15	1	dx9d	figs-inclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	This refers to Paul, his readers, and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
368	ROM	15	3	qni7		οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε, ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ’ ἐμέ	1	The insults of those who insulted you fell on me	The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ.
369	ROM	15	4	m7yy	figs-inclusive		0	our ... we	Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
370	ROM	15	5	u2zm			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the believers to remember that both Gentile believers and Jews that believe are made one in Christ.
371	ROM	15	5	g5xm			0	may ... God ... grant	I pray that ... God ... will grant
372	ROM	15	8	me1e		εἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας	1	in order to confirm the promises	This is one of the two purposes for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision.
373	ROM	15	10	yvy9			0	Again it says	Again the scripture says
374	ROM	15	11	xw7t		καὶ ... ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν	1	praise him	praise the Lord
375	ROM	15	14	h98x			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the believers in Rome that God chose him to reach the Gentiles.
376	ROM	15	14	d878		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
377	ROM	15	18	by9s		εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν	1	for the obedience of the Gentiles	so that the Gentiles will obey God
378	ROM	15	19	g8bk	figs-doublet	σημείων καὶ τεράτων	1	signs and wonders	These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to various kinds of miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
379	ROM	15	19	c8ff		ὥστε ... ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ	1	so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum	This is from the city of Jerusalem as far as the province of Illyricum, a region close to Italy.
380	ROM	15	22	f1fq			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells the believers in Rome about his personal plans to visit them and asks the believers to pray.
381	ROM	15	24	si59	translate-names	τὴν Σπανίαν	1	Spain	This is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
382	ROM	15	27	w5ap			0	Yes, it was their good pleasure	The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it
383	ROM	15	27	tfz1			0	indeed, they are their debtors	indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem
384	ROM	15	27	en7l		εἰ ... τοῖς πνευματικοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκοινώνησαν τὰ ἔθνη, ὀφείλουσιν καὶ ... λειτουργῆσαι αὐτοῖς	1	if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them	since the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers
385	ROM	15	30	w1ta		δὲ	1	Now	If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:29](../15/29.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here.
386	ROM	15	30	yb7m		παρακαλῶ ... ὑμᾶς	1	I urge you	I encourage you
387	ROM	15	30	v9iy		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
388	ROM	16	intro	qy96			0		# Romans 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul gives personal greetings to some of the Christians in Rome. It was common to end a letter in the ancient Near East with this type of personal greeting.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>Because of the personal nature of this chapter, much of the context is unknown. This will make translation more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
389	ROM	16	1	sg6a			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul then greets many of the believers in Rome by name.
390	ROM	16	1	vkg8		συνίστημι δὲ ὑμῖν Φοίβην	1	I commend to you Phoebe	I want you to respect Phoebe
391	ROM	16	1	sry4	translate-names	Φοίβην	1	Phoebe	This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
392	ROM	16	1	q669	translate-names	Κενχρεαῖς	1	Cenchrea	This was a seaport city in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
393	ROM	16	2	yic3		ἀξίως τῶν ἁγίων	1	in a manner worthy of the saints	in the way that believers should welcome other believers
394	ROM	16	2	inh1		προστάτις πολλῶν ἐγενήθη καὶ ἐμοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	has become a helper of many, and of myself as well	has helped many people, and she has also helped me
395	ROM	16	3	c5lg	translate-names	Πρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν	1	Priscilla and Aquila	Priscilla was the wife of Aquila. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
396	ROM	16	5	i32d			0	Greet the church that is in their house	Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship
397	ROM	16	5	bn9z	translate-names	Ἐπαίνετον	1	Epaenetus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
398	ROM	16	6	ew2z	translate-names	Μαρίαν	1	Mary	This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
399	ROM	16	7	tzk4	translate-names	Ἀνδρόνικον	1	Andronicus	This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
400	ROM	16	7	z9uk	translate-names	Ἰουνίαν	1	Junias	This could be either 1) Junia, a woman's name, or, much less likely, 2) Junias, a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
401	ROM	16	8	h976	translate-names	Ἀμπλιᾶτον	1	Ampliatus	This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
402	ROM	16	8	alh2		τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	my beloved in the Lord	my dear friend and fellow believer
403	ROM	16	9	bd5l	translate-names		0	Urbanus ... Stachys	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404	ROM	16	10	k55t	translate-names		0	Apelles ... Aristobulus	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
405	ROM	16	11	gt6r	translate-names		0	Herodion ... Narcissus	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
406	ROM	16	12	sq9n	translate-names		0	Tryphaena ... Tryphosa ... Persis	These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
407	ROM	16	13	zmf4	translate-names	Ῥοῦφον	1	Rufus	This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
408	ROM	16	14	dwh9	translate-names	Ἀσύγκριτον, Φλέγοντα, Ἑρμῆν, Πατροβᾶν, Ἑρμᾶν	1	Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
409	ROM	16	14	ck2w		ἀδελφούς	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
410	ROM	16	15	ye9j	translate-names		0	Philologus ... Nereus ... Olympas	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
411	ROM	16	15	n2rx	translate-names	Ἰουλίαν	1	Julia	The name of a woman. Julia was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
412	ROM	16	16	g2z1		φιλήματι ἁγίῳ	1	a holy kiss	an expression of affection for fellow believers
413	ROM	16	17	u1m9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives one last warning to the believers about unity and living for God.
414	ROM	16	17	wx6r		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
415	ROM	16	17	ztv5		σκοπεῖν	1	to think about	to watch out for
416	ROM	16	17	j9x7			0	They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned	They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned
417	ROM	16	19	le5l		ἀκεραίους ... εἰς τὸ κακόν	1	innocent to that which is evil	not involved in doing evil things
418	ROM	16	21	z4g3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives greetings from the believers who are with him.
419	ROM	16	21	ku15	translate-names	Λούκιος, καὶ Ἰάσων, καὶ Σωσίπατρος	1	Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
420	ROM	16	22	xu3q	translate-names		0	Tertius, who write this epistle down	Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
421	ROM	16	22	nx4g		ἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς ... ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	greet you in the Lord	greet you as a fellow believer
422	ROM	16	23	sw7r	translate-names		0	Gaius ... Erastus ... Quartus	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
423	ROM	16	23	j9u7		ὁ ξένος	1	the host	This refers to Gaius, the person in whose house Paul and his fellow believers gathered for worship.
424	ROM	16	23	m5hg		ὁ ... οἰκονόμος	1	the treasurer	This is a person who takes care of the money for a group.
425	ROM	16	25	psm3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes with a prayer of blessing.
426	ROM	16	25	kmw1		κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου, καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ	by the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ